„… ) models. This leads to a ready-to-use digital twin in a very early design phase, intrinsically including …” „… if the DOFs or states are less than 20 with an accuracy of ±3% error relative to test bench …” „… first states. Fig. 3.1: Error by conventional model re-duction method used in [4] Fig. 3.2: Error …”

„… vehicles. The difficulties in early development phases can be addressed for example by a model-based …” „… scenarios enables better development and design of drive systems. In early development phases, the modelling …” „… , verification, and validation activities in the design phase and throughout the development process. Especially …”

„… optimizer, such as adam, and a loss function, such as Mean Squared Error (MSE): ? ∑ ? ? with the reference …” „… shift operation phases like torque handover are of the order of 200-400ms to sweep through the full …” „… samples and ? the corre-sponding autocorrelation time. The typical statistical errors for about 200km …”

„… losses need to be estimated at the develop-ment phase to achieve the most economic drivetrain design …” „… quantity, the phase volume fraction, is used in the numerical approach to describe the volume percentage of …” „… . 2401, 2022180demonstrates the absolute errors of all gear individual churning losses predicted by the …”

„… . 2401, 202265. E-machine parameters The six-phase PSM used in the 7HDT400 has an external length of 181 …” „… take over the last phase of gear engagement as a conventional DCT. The entire process described takes …” „… , the EM, and the passive synchronization in the VDI-Berichte Nr. 2401, 20228final phase. The …”

„… , leading to an error of up to 4Nm for 100Nm demand. This means that the torque estimation function within …” „… a High-performance Six-phase E-machine with 48 V”, MTZ Worldw 82, 16–23 (2021). [2] M. Essam …”

„… have their own dynamic characteristic and often unknown dynamic transfer behavior, i.e. phase and …” „… whether the bandwidth of the resulting system covers a range from 0 Hz to at least 25 Hz (phase delays …” „… targets and to rate the results of this comparison with an error function (KPI, objective function). In …”

„… , and contains errors and gaps, respectively. Our focus is to build a model to identify the phase from …” „… Phasenidentifikation von Batch-Prozessen durch aktives Lernen Phase Identification of Batch …” „… genug und enthalten Fehler bzw. Lücken. Unser Ziel ist es, ein Modell zur Identifizierung der Phasen …”

„… digi-tal twin during the operation phase performing indirect measurements. Soft sensors can re-capitulate …” „… cognitive errors. Calculating and analyzing uncertainties would help to understand cogni-tive problems and …” „… : emissions during warm up phase If the Distance information is not measured it can be derived via a soft …”

„… erschwert. Um die große Menge an Prozessdaten mit zuverlässigen Labels (Start- und Endzeitpunkte der Phasen …” „… große Trainingsmenge mit gekennzeichne-ten Phasen, was in der industriellen Praxis eine Limitation der …” „… Batchphasen sicherer erkennt, da auch die Reihenfolge vorhergehender Phasen berücksichtigt werden und das …”

„… bei diesen Anlagen aus einzelnen Produktions-phasen (Batchprozesse), zwischen denen …” „… filtration processes in these plants consist of indi-vidual production phases (batch processes) between which …” „… the benefit of sub-sequent separation phases to optimize plant downtime, product quality and resource …”

„… level(SPL) is obtained by equation (1). SPL=TE×DS×TF×SS TE: Transmission error of gear …” „… : Sound pressure sensitivity The transmission error of gear mesh occurs under the influence of the tooth …” „… vehicle speed. 6-1-2 Optimization of the gear mesh phase of the counter gear In P610, the parallel …”

„… transmission error of the mesh. Recent investigations at the Gear Research Centre (FZG), funded by FVA/AiF …” „… terms of low transmission error compared to beneficial load distribution. In fact, a low noise flank …” „… resulting pressure distribution and calculated spectral transmission error. VDI-Berichte 2276, 2016452 …”

„… ]. Conventionally, the optimum shape is achieved by trial and error method which needs to make huge samples …” „… drag torque at different speeds and obtained a three phase drag torque characteristics: increasing …” „… phase (at lower speed), decreasing phase (at moderate speeds) and saturating phase (at higher speeds …”

„… considered during the development phase. In concrete terms, this means that, after the market introduction …” „… scenario, if all potential error sources are added up. This is mainly due to the engine torque signal used …” „… engagements and the gear selction (e.g. downshift instruction during acceleration phase). Fig. 8: More …”

„… participation in a sample is usually voluntary, bias might result from so-called non-sampling errors such as …” „… nonresponse. Weighting procedures are intended to correct these errors by assigning a certain weight to each …” „… statistical conditions. These conditions are given when non-sampling errors are absent, such as nonresponse …”

„… trägt den Namen State Projection Estimation Error (SP2E) und basiert auf der Subspace Identifikation …” „… - und Geschäftsgebäude, technische Anlagen etc.) umfasst die Phasen Entwurf, Konstruktion, Betrieb und …” „… Estimation Error (SP2E), welche lediglich auf Strukturantwortmessdaten eines mechanischen Systems infolge …”