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Marco Munderloh - Detection of Moving Objects for Aerial Surveillance of Arbitrary Terrain

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Marco Munderloh

Detection of Moving Objects for Aerial Surveillance of Arbitrary Terrain

Series: Informatik/ Kommunikation

Volume 847 2016

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Summary and Conclusions S. 93-96

„… detections a lot, as objects moving against the motion parallax displacement direction or which are fast …” „… moving objects in the scene but the high number of false positive detections due to the huge central …” „… objects and 100% of correctly classified background pixels. For the fully automatic detection of moving …”

Experiments S. 73-92

„… 73 5 Experiments In this chapter, different techniques and methods of moving object detection in …” „… containing moving objects. 5.1 Motion Vector Classification In this section, well known outlier detection …” „… due to missing feature points or newly occurring background. 5.3 Moving Object Detection Performance …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XII

„… Reihe 10 Detection of Moving Objects for Aerial Surveillance of Arbitrary Terrain Institut für …” „… Seite 1 Detection of Moving Objects for Aerial Surveillance of Arbitrary Terrain Der Fakultät für …” „… Promotion: 24.03.2015 Fortschritt-Berichte VDI Detection of Moving Objects for Aerial Surveillance of …”

Introduction S. 1-9

„… 1 1 Introduction The detection and segmentation of moving objects in video sequences is a common …” „… detection of moving ground objects, this accuracy is not high enough. Therefore it is appropriate to use the …” „… ways: the first one is to improve the detection of moving objects, independent of the image content …”

Basic Principles S. 10-33

„… Object Detection by Background Subtraction 23 is just a scaling factor and has no further influence. H is …” „… Equation 2.32. 2.6 Moving Object Detection by Background Subtraction The detection of motion in a scene is …” „… current frame which are not caused by moving objects and therefore lead to false positive detections. In …”

Multi-Planar Landscape Model based on Triangle Meshes S. 58-72

„… moving object detection systems. In contrast to the planar landscape model, multiple affine projections …” „… 4.3a). Two possible solutions to this problem are to limit the moving object detection to the …” „… Detection 61 4.2 Outlier Removal and Moving Object Detection As the mesh-based global motion compensation …”

Planar Landscape Error Model S. 34-57

„… objects. However, in aerial ground moving object detection systems, moving objects are detected by a …” „… detection system of moving ground objects, this might lead to mis-detections. The equivalent speed of a …” „… prediction pk+Δpk (with Δp0,k ≤ Δpk ≤ Δphmax,k) allows the detection of outliers or nonstatic objects on the …”

Bibliography S. 97-106

„… Detection of Moving Objects in Aerial Surveillance. In IEEE CVPR 2011, 1st Workshop of Aerial Video …” „… [60] M. Teutsch. Moving Object Detection and Segmentation for Remote Aerial Video Surveillance. PhD …” „… , Darmstadt, 4th edition, 2009. [2] C. H. Anderson, P. J. Burt, and G. S. Van der Wal. Change Detection and …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186847102

Arne Ehlers - Object Detection using Feature Mining in a Distributed Machine Learning Framework

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Arne Ehlers

Object Detection using Feature Mining in a Distributed Machine Learning Framework

Series: Informatik/ Kommunikation

Volume 855 2017

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Introduction S. 1-15

„… , image from [51]. Motivation Object detection is the process of finding all instances of a requested …” „… automatic detection of emergency events in crowded scenes by intelligent surveillance systems [67]. Object …” „… understanding that involves the detection of several different objects like the road or lane, other cars, and …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XIV

„… Reihe 10 Object Detection using Feature Mining in a Distributed Machine Learning Framework Institut …” „… Innen.qxd 18.03.2015 09:12 Seite 1 Object Detection using Feature Mining in a Distributed Machine …” „… der Promotion: 09.11.2016 Fortschritt-Berichte VDI Object Detection using Feature Mining in a …”

Non-Maximum Suppression using Dempster’s Theory of Evidence S. 121-130

„… using Dempster’s Theory of Evidence This chapter addresses the post-processing in a object detection …” „… detections have to be combined to determine the final object position and scale. Prior Work Often only little …” „… accurate object position. The proposed method is evaluated on public object detection benchmarks and is …”

Learning from Sparse Training Data S. 68-75

„… ]. Prior Work The face detection method of Turk and Pentland [142] demonstrated that an object space …” „… computational costs since all input images need to be projected in the object space for the detection process …” „… samples, that represent the object class to be detected, often result in poor classification performance …”

Conclusion S. 131-134

„… Boosting (AdaBoost) algorithm. Methods are proposed that enhance several components of an object detection …” „… pedestrian detection. This approach addresses the problem that learning an object detector is in general …” „… object to one final detection. Chapter 8 introduces a NMS method that models detection confidences and …”

Related Work and Data Sets S. 16-27

„… Chapter 2Related Work and Data Sets 16 2.1 Machine Learning for Visual Object Detection This …” „… . 2.1 Machine Learning for Visual Object Detection The creation of classifiers for visual object …” „… chapter begins with an introduction in feature provision strategies for learning visual object detectors …”

Bibliography S. 138-152

„… Detection. 2002. [4] S. Ali and M. Shah. An integrated approach for generic object detection using kernel …” „… Forest for Fast Object Detection. In 18th Scandinavian Conference on Image Analysis (SCIA), 2013. 138 …” „… Detections Caused by Sliding Window Based Object Detectors. In 140 Bibliography 18th Iberoamerican Congress …”

Multi-Feature Mining for Detector Learning S. 90-120

„… to generate feature sets for object detection that are customized to the object class in an automatic …” „… feature sets in boosting-based object detection. Introduction of two complementary feature sets …” „… learning algorithm which are more suitable for distinguishing the object. An additional advantage of such …”

Fractal Integral Paths S. 76-89

„… following Chapter 7, new feature types are developed for machine-learned object detection. A widely used …” „… feature type for object detection is the Haar-like feature described in Section 3.1.1. But this approach …” „… done in various parts of object detection frameworks to improve its performance. Zhang et al. [156 …”

Fundamentals S. 28-61

„… object detection. The supervised machine learning algorithm AdaBoost and the Viola and Jones object …” „… introduced that demonstrate good performance and are widely used in several object detection tasks. The …” „… observations are images for visual object detection and in case of Haar-like features, described in Section …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186855107

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

ELIV 2023

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2423 2023

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X. Wang, A. Hübner, K. Weishaupt, K. Chung Validation and Interpretation of Neural Networks: DNN-Based Object Detection as an Example S. 419-436

„… Validation and Interpretation of Neural Networks: DNN-Based Object Detection as an Example Dr …” „… State-of-the-art object detection, implemented mostly via Deep Learning, is a central component of the environment …” „… image data for 2D object detection. Furthermore, camera sensors are cost-effective and can provide depth …”

Z. Bassi, P. Gulden Using Radar and Vision Fusion for Improved Low-light Pedestrian Detection S. 113-132

„… some zonal configuration intermediate to a center topology. The sensors are fused for object detection …” „… processing, like object detection. A main processor, the Application CPU, performs the control functions …” „… , “MmWave Radar and Vision Fusion for Object Detection in Autonomous Driving: A Review”, Sensors 2022 22(7 …”

M. Feulner Automotive Radar Technology Innovations power next-gen ADAS and Autonomous Driving S. 133-134

„… Imaging Radar enables image-like sensing with excellent object detection, separation and classification …” „… coarse 2D information, in essence, the relative speed and distance of a large object with little ability …” „… to discriminate between two neighbouring objects. These days, integration level has dramatically …”

M. Pfeifle, N. Zeller, A. vom Felde Combining ADAS and SD Maps for Augmented Reality Guidance S. 135-148

„… environment. This rich data enables accurate detection, classification and tracking of objects, leading to …” „… , contributing to improved safety and reduced driver fatigue. Object Detection and Tracking: Vision cameras are …” „… conditions can reduce visibility and hinder accurate object detection, resulting in a drop of related KPIs …”

K. Eliasch, Dr. P. Friedel, D. Li, D. Shan Cooperative Perception Services to Improve the Safety of Road Users S. 347-364

„… wider field of view, and improves the objects range detection accuracy. With such outstanding …” „… use cases to extend the detection range of existing vehicle perception systems, like Radar sensors …” „… , Radar, LiDAR with different characteristics, but all based on direct ‘line-of-sight’ detection …”

P. Dreiseitel, D. Yesilbas Generative Artificial Intelligence – How AI Models Change the Way We Develop Automotive Products S. 405-418

„… , 2023 409Image understanding has been an early application of AI, such as object detection in images …” „… (NLU) was primarily limited to applications such as spam detection, translation, and basic chatbots. In …” „… object categories by utilizing thousands of sample images, to learning from just a few examples in a …”

O. Kotte, L. Beermann, D. Ziegenbein, S. Ravi, M. Vinnakota Master Algorithm for Event-based Co-Simulation with FMI 3.0 for Timing Accurate Software-in-the-Loop S. 447-462

„… enables greater front-loading of development efforts and detection of problems earlier in the development …” „… cycle. This early detection of problems leads to overall reduction in development efforts and costs as …” „… simulation, and updating Si to Si+1 = Opi(Si). When iterating this loop, the object-oriented MA code …”

F. Mayer, J. Apelt, R. Münzenberger, F. Kraft, C. Winkler Event-Chain-Focused Development of System Architectures Makes Complex Systems Manageable S. 645-662

„… () function could depend on both the object list and the system state. Upon closer examination, it becomes …” „… evident that processing the object list lies on a time-critical event chain, while the system state is …” „… object_list, as it's unclear which external events should be reflected in this signal. Through interviews with …”

M. Nestoriuc, H. Walia Criticality driven data acquisition in autonomous driving – A basis for completeness and safety argumentation S. 1-16

„… sensor system range and coverage. Example: For actor classes, as one of the target objects we consider a …” „… objects  Road user (mis-)behavior To enable the driver or co-driver to mark/tag these events, an Android …” „… statistical analysis methods and event detection algorithms to analyze the data efficiently. To meet the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XVI

„… , RegensburgValidation and Interpretation of Neural Networks: DNN-Based Object Detection as an Example 419X. Wang, A …” „… Pedestrian Detection 113Z. Bassi, P. Gulden, indie Semiconductor, San Jose, CA, USAAutomotive Radar …” „… 281U. Bodenhausen, Vector Consulting Services GmbH, StuttgartSeeing with Sound: AI-Based Detection of …”

S. K S, Tata Elxsi, N. Velinov Software-Defined Vehicle: Combining Real-Time Safety Critical Functions with Cloud Connectivity S. 543-558

„… , left behind objects as well as threat identification, face recognition and emotion detection. 2.6 …” „… cloud. TLS (transport layer security), IPSec (internet protocol security), and intrusion detection are …” „… detection for eye gaze, head pose, alert status, drowsiness detection, shades detection, and half eye …”

N. Kechler, E. Sax, N. Venkatesh Key Factors of a robust and safe Automated Driving Function – Transferable Insights of City-Bus Platooning in Munich S. 677-688

„… vehicle is able to react to objects in the vehicle area and adjust the driving behaviour. Since the …” „… perception algorithms to implement the detection of the rear of the vehicle in front. Subsequently, this …” „… detection is processed in localization algorithms and the relative position of the two buses to each other …”

M. Cupelli Rust for Automotive – A Modern, Memory-Safe and Secure Programming Language S. 533-542

„… safety bugs. This results in a safe, secure, and robust application, facilitating the early detection and …” „… , and object-oriented programming approaches. This flexibility enables developers to tailor their coding …”

A. Weichslgartner Automotive Software Vulnerabilities: Strategies for Early Detection, Mitigation, and Prevention in the Software-Development-Lifecycle S. 463-478

„… Automotive Software Vulnerabilities: Strategies for Early Detection, Mitigation, and Prevention in …” „… (see Section 4.3) must be performed. Bugs which concern the lifetime of an object, or which depend on …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024232

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - ELIV-MarketPlace 2022

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

ELIV-MarketPlace 2022

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2405 2022

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E. Richter Next-Gen Sensor Fusion for Next-Gen Sensors and Driving Functions S. 37-58

„… Dynamic ObjectsStatic ObjectsFree SpaceVDI-Berichte Nr. 2405, 202242RadarsHigh-Res DetectionsCamerasHigh-Res …” „… dynamic objectsDynamic ObjectsStatic ObjectsFree SpaceRadarsHigh-Res DetectionsCamerasHigh-Res …” „… DetectionsCamerasHigh-Res Semantic/Depth ImagesLidarsHigh-Res Point CloudsDynamic Grid – Key TakeawaysStatic Objects …”

K. Talits Automatic Camera-based Road Defect Detection with Neural Networks S. 305-314

„… contributorsSpeed-orientedTradeoff between fast and precise detectionsUnderstanding optimization tools for road damage detectionState …” „… , real-time object detection”. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern …” „… : arXiv preprint arXiv:1804.02767 (2018)(9) Z.-Q. Zhao, P. Zheng, S.-t. Xu, and X. Wu, “Object detection …”

A. Hartel, A. Bertsch, R. Hofmann Experience report of Technology Transfer towards Mobile Machinery based on Environment recognition systems S. 429-436

„… •••Object-/Pedestrian Detection and Collision Warning Systems••Surround View SystemsVDI-Berichte Nr. 2405, 2022432 …” „… Object-/Pedestrian Detection and Collision Warning Systems•••••••••VDI-Berichte Nr. 2405, 2022 433Surround View …”

B. Erdem Quantification of Life-Saving Collective Perception V2X Benefits S. 59-68

„… effectiveness of V2X systems. 6 years after mass deployment the use of CPM increases the effective object …” „… objects like VRUs and non-connected (non-V2X) vehicles: › Vehicles and infrastructure use their own …” „… sensors, like camera or radar, to detect objects› Information about these objects can be sent to other …”

A. Engstle Ground-Truth Reference Data for validation of ADAS / AD Systems S. 159-160

„… performed using a perception algorithm that automatically detects dynamic and static objects in the GT data …” „… analysis (e.g. scenario detection). VDI-Berichte Nr. 2405, 2022160 …”

F. Finkeldey Smart LiDAR Components – Automotive SPAD detector IC and high performance laser driver S. 293-302

„… . ELIV 2022 12High sensitivitySmall diodesHigh resolutionFast detectionCMOS process compatiblePure …” „… that can be providedTrade-Offs of range, resolution, frame rate, and object reflectivitySignal …” „… timeEventstimeEventstimeEventsThrs(amb)addrCounts_maxCounts_adjaddrCounts_maxCounts_adjaddrCounts_maxCounts_adjGlass Object ReflectionReceiver: Ambient light robustnessCopyright © 2022 Elmos Semiconductor SE. ELIV …”

S. Poledna, L. Antonia Zaza Bringing together major stakeholders to shape the future of autonomous operation. Can this also be done for the offhighway industry? S. 447-460

„… environment• Variety of applicationsAutonomous operation in off-highway17REQUIRED FUNCTIONS• Object detection …” „… • People detection• Navigation in an unknown-environment• Simultaneous Localization And Mapping SLAM …” „… • Kinematics modeling• Obstacle detection• Collision avoidance• Path planning• Job plannerVDI-Berichte Nr. 2405 …”

Huanyu Gu Computational enhancement is key to cost effective imaging radar for mass deployment S. 283-292

„… detectionImaging Radar• All-weather• Long-range• Fine-resolution• High-temp• Affordable3PUBLICTHE NATURAL L IMIT …” „… OF ANGULAR RESOLUTIONHOW TO OVERCOME THE L IMIT? Sub-degree resolution & multiple pixels per object …”

B. Franczyk Technology comparison of surround sensors for mobile machines – Change from rule-based systems to Deep Learning S. 421-428

„… resolutionOperation under bad weatherconditionsOperation under nocturnaldisturbance by ambient lightObject …” „… growingSurrounding area detection for agricultural machinery fleetsUse of special category dronesRecognition of …”

L. H. M. Schmitz, J. J. Hiddema Autonomy by AgXeed – Development of an autonomous ecosystem S. 461-XVI

„… to the Device Descriptor Object Pool standardized in ISO 11783-10[4]. These XML definitions are used …” „… related functions the embedded safety controller takes care of are:  Obstacle detection  Geofencing …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024058

Roberto D. Henschel - Higher-Order Multiple Object Tracking

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Roberto D. Henschel

Higher-Order Multiple Object Tracking

Series: Informatik/ Kommunikation

Volume 875 2021

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Introduction S. 1-32

„… locations of tracked objects in terms of bounding-box detections2. A detection describes the location and …” „… the same object obtain the same identity. Accordingly, the detections of an identity result in the …” „… . Objects may be partially (or fully) occluded. This often causes missing or misaligned detections. Further …”

Conclusions S. 165-171

„… to tackle the difficulties of MOT. The commonly used approach of computing object detections in each …” „… approach of this thesis, a global fusion formulation is presented that allows object detections to be …” „… combined with additional signals so that the dependence on object detections and on the accuracy of …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XVIII

„… Multiple Object Tracking (MOT) . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.2.2 Tracking-by-detection …” „… problem, the so-called tracking-by-detection paradigm is usually employed: First, object detections are …” „… generated for the entire recording. Then, an association between detections and objects is computed. Finding …”

Bibliography S. 172-196

„… . “Radar based object detection and tracking for autonomous driving”. In: IEEE MTT-S International …” „… generic object detection: A survey”. In: International Journal of Computer Vision (IJCV) 128.2 (2020), pp …” „… Betke. “Coupling detection and data association for multiple object tracking”. In: The IEEE Conference …”

Fundamentals S. 33-79

„… and computer vision, especially discrete optimization, machine learning, and object detection. This …” „… detections to the same object. Also, during the evaluation of a tracking method, edges are selected in order …” „… perform object detection, person re-identification, and feature computation (see Chapter 3 and Chapter 4 …”

Lifted Disjoint Paths S. 130-164

„… object detection pairs represented by its endpoints into account. This allows to encourage or penalize an …” „… detections or tracklets of objects. If V represents object detections, we can express it as follows: V = {s …” „… } ∪ V1 ∪ . . . ∪ VnR ∪ {t}, where nR is the number of frames and Vf denotes the object detections in …”

HO-MOT with Signal Fusion S. 80-129

„… heavily relies on the quality of the computed object detections. However, detectors are still error-prone …” „… (see Section 1.3.1) and pairwise costs between object detections are often misleading in challenging …” „… is proposed based on a weighted graph labeling problem. It enables to augment object detections with …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186875105

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