VDI Verlag eLibrary

Visual Motion Processing

Thomas Guthier

Reihe: Mess-, Steuerungs- und Regelungstechnik

Band 1251 2016

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

„… 135 C Gradient Derivations C.1 Translation Invariant Learning Erec = 1 2 ∑ n ‖Vn −Rn‖22 (C.1) = 1 2 …” „… ∑ n,x ( vn(x)− ∑ j,m hjn(m)w̄j(x−m) )2 (C.2) Gradients for the activities: ∇hjn(m)Erec = ∑ x …” „… )︸︷︷︸ := ( ∇HjnErec )+ − corr2(Vn, W̄j)︸︷︷︸ := ( ∇HjnErec )− (C.5) Gradients for the basis vectors, with the …”

Feature Extraction S. 89-115

„… : Development of gradient-based basis vectors during learning, each column showing a different iteration step …” „… that combine shape and motion information, thus dynamic form patterns and second, gradient amplitude …” „… images (upper row) and the corresponding spatial gradients (middle row) and gradient amplitudes (lower …”

Human Action Recognition S. 116-125

„… . The influence of the two feature types, i.e. the static (gradient amplitude) and dynamic (optical flow …” „… gradient patterns are marked with Ix. The optical flow has been calculated using the method introduces in …” „… 0.90 0.89 0.91 0.89 The results are similar for the gradient patterns (table 6.2) and the combined …”

Unsupervised Pattern Learning S. 26-57

„… minimizing the energy function with an adapted, parameter free form of iterative gradient descent of the …” „… model parameters W and H. To apply the NMF learning rules the gradients need to be separated into their …” „… multiplicative gradient descent rules as proposed by 3.3 Sparse Non-negative Matrix Factorization 37 Lee and …”

Sparse Non-Negative Linear Dynamic Systems S. 137-142

„… ‖2F . (D.6) The gradients for the activations are (∇HEt)+ = λtK W̄ W̄KHSS , (D.7) (∇HEt)− = λtK W̄ VS …” „… kjl, (D.13) with the gradient for the transitions (∇kjlEk)+ = λk. (D.14) D.3.2 sNN-LDS Learning …” „… ∑ j,l kjl. (D.15) The gradients can be derived from the equations (3.34), (3.35), (3.36), (3.37), (3.48 …”

Computational Model S. 12-25

„… experiments as introduced by Johansson in 1973 [58]. on gradient and motion information and the contribution …” „… , feature extraction for optical flow and gradient information. In the following a short review of …” „… also be defined by spatial gradient patterns, which in the following are termed static form patterns …”

Visual Cortex S. 133-134

„… . The visual information coming from the two eyes can be categorized into four channels: color, gradient …” „… Visual Cortex Scene Representation ContextTask Color Gradient Motion Depth Figure B.1: Simplified …” „… of information: color, gradient, depth and motion. Based on these four channels a scene …”

Optical Flow Estimation S. 58-88

„… combined with other pixel-based information, such as gradient- or color information. Unlike the color …” „… image I(x, t+ 1). Thus, the gray value at position x1 changes, which results in a temporal gradient …” „… I(x, t) as shown in fig. 4.2, has a constant linear gradient Ix = c along the x-Axis. The motion for …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XII

„… parts. For the ventral stream the VNMF algorithm learns distict gradient structures, resembling edges …” „… . . . . . . . . . . 99 5.2 Gradient Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 5.2.1 Preprocessing …” „… of Words 132 B Visual Cortex 133 C Gradient Derivations 135 C.1 Translation Invariant Learning …”

Conclusion S. 126-131

„… estimation or for learning gradient or optical flow patterns, guides the underlying optimization problem to …” „… flow fields or gradient amplitudes. If given optical flow fields as inputs the VNMF patterns represents …” „… body parts. For the gradient amplitudes the VNMF patterns resemble edge structures. The structure …”

Introduction S. 1-11

„… patterns could be used as a way to describe the human body form alongside with static shape or gradient …” „… of information: static and dynamic, e.g. gradient and optical flow patterns. Similar to [32, 38, 56 …” „… gradient amplitudes of the same data and the learned descriptors are compared to state-of-the-art HOG/HOF …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186251084

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Improvement of Cu ( In,Ga) (S,Se)2 thin film Solar Cells with the help of Gallium and Sulfur Gradients

Björn Jakob Müller

Reihe: Elektronik/Mikro- und Nanotechnik

Band 396 2018

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XIII

„… Gall ium and Sulfur Gradients Acknowledgment At this point I would like to thank everybody very much …” „… ) (S,Se)2 thin film Solar Cells with the help of Gall ium and Sulfur Gradients Dr.-Ing. Björn Jakob …” „… Sulfur Gradients Fortschr.-Ber. VDI Reihe 09 Nr. 396. Düsseldorf: VDI Verlag 2018. 202 Seiten, 101 Bilder …”

Fundamentals of chalcopyrite solar cell devices S. 4-31

„… presence of a gradient in the chemical potential ∂μ ∂x leads to a particle flux J ′atom with its direction …” „… down the gradient, which is summarized in Fick’s first law (without any external forces, see equations …” „… 2.2 and 2.4). In the case of diluted systems (e.g. solutions) the concentration gradient ∂c ∂x is used …”

Introduction S. 1-3

„… analytical treatments based on the Shockley-Queisser (SQ) model without or with concentration gradients are …”

Summary and prospects S. 164-166

„… used here to improve η is based on band gap (Eg) gradients and the opportunity to control them with …”

Appendix S. 167-190

„… , which is influenced by the carrier concentration gradient. ∇ · ξ( r) = ρ( r) ε0εs , ξ( r) = − ∇Ψ( r …” „… recombination (R( r)) and generation (G( r)) rate, and by the gradient of the net current density J flowing in …” „… cells with the help of Gallium and Sulfur gradients, Ph.D. thesis, University of Ulm (2017). [17] A …”

Results and discussion S. 51-163

„… gradients to improve the electronic properties. By introducing back and surface graded material, an attempt …” „… discuss Ga and S gradients in order to clarify their systematic formation and their impact on the device …” „… , which indicates a Ga/In concentration gradient over the CIGSe thickness [12]. In comparison to the GDOES …”

Experimental procedure S. 32-50

„… cause asymmetric broadening of the reflection profile in case of gradients. The lattice constants of …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186396099

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28. Deutscher Flammentag

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (Hrsg.)

Reihe: VDI-Berichte

Band 2302 2017

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

S. Hartl, D. Geyer, A. Dreizler, R. S. Barlow, C. Hasse Gradientenfreie Flammenindentifizierung auf 1D Raman/Rayleigh Messdaten S. 479-492

„… Verfahren zur gradientenfreien Regimeidentifizierung (GFRI - Gradient-Free Regime Identification), welches …” „… Flammenidentifizierungsverfahrens (GFRI - Gradient-Free Regime Identification). GFRI erlaubt die Regime- Charakterisierung entlang …” „… Flammenidentifizierungsverfahren (GFRI - Gradient-Free Regime Identification) wurde unter Anwendung von Flammen verschiedener …”

S. Ganter, T. Meier, A. Heinrich, G. Künne, J. Janicka Simulation wandnaher Verbrennung – Eignung einfacher Chemietabellierung und Analyse mittels detaillierter Kinetik S. 751-756

„… aufweist, kann bei der FGM ein starker CO-Gradient festgestellt werden. Dieser Gradient kann auf Grund …” „… - Gradient einstellt, ist die skalare Dissipationsrate der Enthalpie im Kontext der CFD- Simulation …”

M. Vogelbacher, S. Keller, P. Waibel, J. Matthes, H. B. Keller Optimierung der Verbrennung von alternativen Brennstoffen bei Mehrstoffbrennern durch bildbasierte Verfahren S. 757-764

„… abgeleiteten Kenngröße „Gradient am Brennermund“ dar. Der Gradient nahe am Brennermund beschreibt den Winkel …”

C.-P. Ding, A. Renaud, R. Honza, A. Dreizler, B. Böhm Characterization of near-wall flows in a SI engine using high-speed PIV and high-resolution PI S. 345-356

„… . Despite this strong decrease of the velocity magnitude, the velocity gradient at the wall and the …” „… increases but no strong differences in the velocity gradient at the wall are observed. When comparing …” „… , the velocity profiles are almost identical except very close to the wall where the velocity gradient …”

T. Zirwes, F. Zhang, J. A. Denev, P. Habisreuther, H. Bockhorn, N. Zarzalis Einfluss von erhöhtem Druck auf die Änderung der Flammendynamik durch Streckung in vorgemischten Flammen S. 549-562

„… is the fluid velocity, ∇? the surface gradient operator, ? ? the flame’s displacement speed, ⃗ …” „… transport, where the flame stretch is defined as the maximum velocity gradient normal to the flame, that is …” „… tangential velocity gradients. Additionally, both negative and positive stretch rates are included, whereas …”

H. Mätzing, H.-J. Gehrmann, H. Seifert, D. Stapf, R. Keune Modelling Biomass and Solid Recovered Fuel Combustion on Reciprocating Grates with CFD-application S. 143-150

„… size. Radial gradients of temperature and concentrations are neglected, which results in a one …” „… velocity, no particle breakup or mixing occurs and no gradients along the width of the fuel bed are …”

S. Eckart, S. Voss, H. Krause Charakterisierung von Verlöschungsgrenzen an nicht vorgemischten Gegenstromflammen mit Hilfe der Streckungsratenanalyse S. 649-660

„… will be denoted by L. The stretching rate ( a ) describes the axial velocity gradient of the flow …” „… . Furthermore, the results show that the gradient of the extinction strain rate is flattened for lower oxygen …”

C. Spijker, H. Raupenstrauch Numerische Untersuchungen der inneren Vorgänge für Lykopodiumpartikel während einer Staubdeflagration S. 735-740

„… Gradienten im Inneren des Partikels beschrieben. In dieser Arbeit wurde anhand von Lykopodium mittels drei …”

D. Nikolaenko, C. Spijker, H. Raupenstrauch Modelling the Jet Cooler for Hot-dip Galvanization of Steel Strips S. 741-746

„… nozzles and near the surface of the strip because of turbulence of the gas flow and high gradients of …”

P. Schmittel, C. Liebig, M. Zimmer Reduktion der NOx-Emissionen einer stationären Wirbelschicht durch optimierte Verbrennungsführung S. 279-290

„… dabei nach den Betriebsparametern und ihren zugehörigen Gradienten, um eine optimale Fahrweise zu …”

D. Holtz, J. Nocke, E. Hassel CFD-DEM Simulationen für Biomassefeuerungen S. 131-142

„… intra-particle gradients to consider thermally thick particles. The presented procedure enables numerical …”

B. Gövert, S. Pielsticker, O. Hatzfeld, R. Kneer Bestimmung der Koksabbrand-Kinetik in einem Wirbelschichtreaktor am Beispiel einer kolumbianischen Steinkohle S. 151-162

„… dargestellt. Die nach Gleichung 1 berechnete Aktivierungsenergie ? a entspricht dabei den Gradienten der …”

M. Schiemann, N. Vorobiev, V. Scherer, C. Wedler, M. Richter, R. Span Effektive Diffusionskoeffizienten in Kokspartikeln aus Oxyfuel-Feuerungen S. 395-406

„… concentration gradient during combustion and gasification. In the current work, experimental techniques are …”

M. Vascellari, C. Hasse, S. Halama, M. Steibel, H. Spliethoff Detailed CFD simulations of a 5-MW industrial-scale entrained-flow gasifier using intrinsic char conversion kinetics S. 199-212

„… are discretized with a second-order upwind scheme and the pressure gradients are discretized with a …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023020

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Dritev 2022

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (Hrsg.)

Reihe: VDI-Berichte

Band 2401 2022

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

P. He, A. Eßer, S. Rinderknecht, M. Schmiedt A Degradation Model of a Wet Friction Clutch based on Theoretical and Experimental Analysis and the Application for a Condition Monitoring Method S. 303-320

„… ) ab-hängig von der Drehzahldifferenz der Kupplung ist und dessen Gradient die Schwingungs-amplitude und …” „… un-tersuchen, wie der Gradient des Reibungskoeffizienten und die Betätigungskraft der Kupplung die …” „… experimentelle Analyse zeigt eine negative Korrelation zwischen dem Gradienten des CoF und der …”

S. Cortès, A. Albers, C Dettmann, P. Boche Chassis Dynamometer – a development environment for calibration and validation of vehicle drivetrains in context of RDE legislation? S. 347-364

„… reproduction, the coefficient of determination R², gradient, and the standardised intercept of a QQ plot are …” „… gradient and the standardised intercept as in the cross-correlation coefficient. Table 2: Statistical …” „… evaluations test case 1 Evaluation variables R² QQ Cross-correla-tion coefficient Gradi-ent Intercept …”

G. Göppert, M. Adrian AI Approach to Wet Friction Torque Model Adaptation S. 321-334

„… ? and the fitted value ? for a complete data set. This fit function mainly uses gradient descent update …” „… concept as shown here. Since these pure RNN suffer from dying gradient problem a special network, the so …” „… . LSTM can back-propagate many cells without eliminating the gradients. The application and learning of …”

P. Alagarsamy, A. Zangaro Compact Reduced Order Model (ROM) based on Finite Element (FE) Models of Power Electronics in Electric and Hybrid Vehicles S. 95-108

„… condi-tions. With ? an interpolation/gradient matrix, depending on two different base matrices could be …”

F. Pfister, N. Hetzel, K. Büttner Objectified Evaluation of Fundamental Driveability Maneuvers at Powertrain-in-the-Loop Testbeds for Electric Drive Units S. 61-72

„… catalog Variation parameters Name of ma-neuver Environment Vehicle Driver Drive away Road gradient, road …”

T. König, L. Stütz, L. Bauer, M. Kley Model-based simulation of a longitudinal dynamics vehicle model with a single-wheel drive S. 381-396

„… gradient, the error increases. [22] To reduce the error in the low efficiency range, Bauer et al. 2021 [17 …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024010

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Kupplungen und Kupplungssysteme in Antrieben 2017

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (Hrsg.)

Reihe: VDI-Berichte

Band 2309 2017

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

T. Mauz, J. Tasche Quietschen in nassen Kupplungen S. 453-464

„… Gradienten-Verlauf [2]. Bei einem negativen Reibwert-Gradient der Kupplung wird bei einer zunehmenden …” „… einer kleinen Anfangsstörung angeregt. Bild 6: Reibung mit negativem Gradienten-Verlauf [2 …” „… . Bild 7: Reibung mit negativem Gradienten-Verlauf. Größenbeschreibung: MW Drehmoment in der Welle …”

S. Ott, M. Basiewicz Schwingungsreduzierung durch das Kupplungssystem im gezielten Schlupfbetrieb S. 465-480

„… Gradienten (von 1-3 steigend) vorgegeben werden. Alle drei sind positiv, d.h. dämpfend. Dem Fahrzeug bzw …” „… Drehzahlen am Kupplungseingang und -ausgang dargestellt. Die gestrichelten Linien ergeben sich bei Gradient 1 …” „… , die gepunkteten Linien bei Gradient 2 und die Linien mit Strichpunkt bei Gradient 3. Bild 5 …”

U. Stockinger, H. Pflaum, K. Stahl Zeiteffiziente Methodik zur Ermittlung des Reibungsverhaltens nasslaufender Lamellenkupplungen mit Carbon-Reibbelag S. 147-158

„… Reibschwingneigung einer Kupplung. Bei einem positiven Gradienten der Reibungszahl über der Gleitgeschwindigkeit …” „… werden Reibschwingungen ausgeschlossen, ein negativer Gradient ist notwendig für die Entstehung von …” „… Reibcharakteristik. Unterschiede ergeben sich in der Höhe des Gradienten. MF13 fällt beim Papier-Reibbelag deutlich …”

H. Frisch, R. K. Schulz, K. Sittig, D. Dörfler, K. Möller Untersuchung der Drehmomentgleichförmigkeit durch geometrische Zwangserregung bei nasslaufenden Doppelkupplungen S. 359-370

„… . Schlupfordnung K2 zu, was an dem positiven Gradient der mittleren Linie im Diagramm (Bild 8) erkennbar ist. Des …”

K.-L. Kimmig, R. Kolling, W. Dilger Innovative Lösungen zur Vermeidung von „Rupfschwingungen“ bei automatisierten Trockenkupplungen S. 345-358

„… Gradient die Schwingungsanregung in einem Antriebstrang fördert. Dies verdeutlicht, wie bedeutend es ist …”

T. Neupert, D. Bartel Einfluss des Nutdesigns von nasslaufenden Kupplungslamellen auf das Strömungsverhalten im Lüftspalt S. 135-146

„… der Gradient des Schleppmoments und auch das maximale Schleppmoment bzw. die Übergangsdrehzahl in die …”

P. Mall, A. Krüger, A. Fidlin Automatisierte Schwingungsdämpferkonzipierung für Sportwagen in frühen Entwicklungsphasen S. 417-430

„… Informationen über Gradienten der Zielfunktion oder Nebenbedingungen. Diese Eigenschaften sind für die …” „… Gradientenbestimmung erschwert wird. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2309, 2017 423 Bild 3: Konstruktionsbeispiele: ZMS mit …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023099

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Optische Technologien in der Fahrzeugtechnik

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (Hrsg.)

Reihe: VDI-Berichte

Band 2278 2016

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

S. Schildmann Reflektoren im Scheinwerfer: Simple Technik oder doch ein modernes Hightech- Produkt? S. 107-118

„… gezeigt, dass der Gradient einer Abblendlicht-Hell-Dunkel-Grenze eines direktabbildenden Reflektorsystems …” „… cut-of-line gradient with the shape and gradient of the luminance of the LED light source. This results in a …” „… number of requirements for a LED light source including contrast, gradient, homogeneity, color effects …”

A. Greil, B. Eichinger, W. Kriener Zweckmäßige Einstellgenauigkeit moderner LED-Scheinwerfer – Vergleich zwischen Mensch und Maschine S. 119-126

„… different influences like the gradient of the cut-off line. The results mark the automatic adjustment …” „… Lichtstärke. Die folgende Tabelle zeigt die erzielten Gradientenwerte. Tabelle 1: Härtegradverteilung der …”

U. Hofmann, T. von Wantoch, S. Gu-Stoppel, F. Senger, C. Mallas Verfahren zur dynamischen Lichtverteilungs-Steuerung in Scheinwerfern basierend auf resonanten MEMS-Laser-Scannern S. 281-294

„… angewandt werden, um einen entsprechenden Intensitäts-Gradienten auch in horizontaler Richtung zu erzeugen …”

S. Saralajew, S. Mates, K. Stefaniak, H. Zimmermann Rapid Prototyping of headlamp light distributions S. 83-94

„… color gradients and color gaps in colorful areas like the cut-off-line. This is due to the linear …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181022788

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SIMVEC – Simulation und Erprobung in der Fahrzeugentwicklung

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (Hrsg.)

Reihe: VDI-Berichte

Band 2333 2018

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

E. Papoutsis, M. Hojjat, K.-U. Bletzinger Geometric constraints for node-based shape optimization of car body parts S. 75-92

„… pseudo-gradients assigned not only to nodes that lie in the infeasible domain, such as structural cavities or …” „… include the filtering of the gradient information which is usually non-smooth and explicitly affect the …” „… gradient of the objective function in the control space is then …”

J. V. G. Tilly, A. Tarasow, T. Arndt, B. Neudecker, R. Serway Einsatz von kunstlichen neuronalen Netzen zur Bestimmung des Kupplungsdrucks bei nasslaufenden Doppelkupplungen S. 17-28

„… moderneren Aktivierungsfunktionen senken das Fehlerrisiko, beispielsweise für verschwindende Gradienten …” „… . Die verschwindenden Gradienten sind ein Problem, welches bei sigmoiden Aktivierungsfunktionen …” „… auftreten kann, wenn der Eingang der Sigmoidfunktion große Werte annimmt. In diesem Fall ist der Gradient …”

H.-D. Glück, D. Harvey, N. Gómez Osorio Dynamische Turaufbiegung – Ermittlung aerodynamischer Lasten mittels einer CFD basierten Methode S. 847-862

„… Fluktuation der Drücke und starken Gradienten, wobei im blauen Bereich eine deutlich stabilere Strömung mit …” „… % Verbesserung ausmacht. Ausgehend von den höher aufgelösten CFD-Ergebnissen der Drücke und ihrer Gradienten …”

D. Dorribo Development of mechanism-based models for resistance spot weld failure simulation of multi-material advanced high strength steel sheets S. 585-606

„… constitutive model is applied. J2 isotropic plasticity is used to describe the yield locus. The gradient of …” „… martensitic boron steel, the gradient of mechanical properties in the HAZ is correlated with the Vickers …”

S. Jones, H. Böhm, E. Bogner Driveability lead Model Based Development of HW & SW for P2 Hybrid Impulse Start – A novel methodology supporting virtual development of hybrid powertrains including monitoring of driveability from co... S. 229-240

„… Examples shows in more detail that despite sufficient slip in Brake B, the changing EM speed gradient …”

A. Karev, L. Harzheim, R. Immel, M. Erzgräber Vergleich verschiedener Formulierungen fur eine „Free Sizing“-Optimierung einer Fronthaube mit der ESL (Equivalent Static Load) Methode . S. 99-128

„… die benötigten Gradienten der Zielfunktion und Restriktionen preisgünstig mit Hilfe von …” „… nichtlinearen Analyse aus, womit im Folgenden immer die Crash-Berechnung gemeint ist. Hier sind die Gradienten …” „… diesem Fall sind nämlich die sehr effektiven Gradientenverfahren zur Optimierung einsetzbar, für welche …”

D. Frerichs, M. Borsdorf Quality for Vehicle System Simulation S. 835-846

„… certain objective characteristic values of the virtual prototypes, e.g. self-steering gradient. The …”

R. Bartz, T. Franke, S. Fiebig, T. Vietor Generierung der Bauteilendkontur innerhalb einer Voxel-basierten Topologieoptimierung S. 129-146

„… Voxel berechnet durch den Gradienten der Indikatorfunktion: , 3 wobei nur ungleich Null im Bereich der …”

M. Stokmaier, R. Niemeier, D. Bachinski Pinhal Design- und Kennfeldoptimierung von elektrischen Motoren mit Hilfe von Metamodellen S. 435-456

„… Fokus, z.B. als punktweise Gradientenanalyse, oder mit globaler Perspektive, um einen durch …” „… Topologie der Antwortflächen die Beschränkung auf einen gradientenbasierten Optimierer (hier: NLPQL [9 …” „… Umsetzung speziellen Wissens zur Wahl der Startpunkte für den gradientenbasierten Optimierer erreichen …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023334

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The hierarchical finite cell method for nonlinear problems: Moment fitting quadratures, basis function removel, and remeshing

Simeon Hubrich

Reihe: Mechanik/Bruchmechanik

Band 355 2021

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Basic elements of continuum mechanics S. 6-22

„… quantities or operators is associated with the initial configuration – e.g. Grad u defines the gradient of …” „… current configuration – e.g. grad u defines the gradient of the displacement vector with respect to the …” „… gradient F – which, in continuum mechanics, is an important quantity when it comes to describing local …”

A remeshing strategy for the FCM S. 124-149

„… remeshing strategy is based on a decomposition of the deformation gradient. Moreover, the mesh generation …” „… elements. Finally, in order to transfer the field variables – like the deformation gradient or history …” „… process of the body. In doing so, the deformation gradient at time t = n is given as a multiplicative …”

Summary and outlook S. 150-153

„… measurement that is based on the discrete gradient operator and, thus, is independent in terms of the applied …” „… formulation that is based on a multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient. The essential idea of …” „… criterion based on the discrete gradient operator that considers the contribution of the individual shape …”

The finite cell method S. 23-35

„… ) = qc . (3.9) Moreover, the gradients of the mappings are given as J c = Grad ξ Xc = ∂Xc ∂ξ (3.10) and …” „… discretization respectively. Thus, with the definition of the deformation gradient F = ∂x/∂X, we can deduce the …” „… configuration. Thereby, G denotes the discrete gradient operator which contains the derivatives of the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-VII

„… based on the discrete gradient operator is introduced to estimate the contribution. Moreover, by …” „… gradient. The essential idea of this strategy is to create a new mesh whenever the analysis fails due to …”

Basis function removal for the FCM S. 79-123

„… elements is controlled via the gradients of the neighboring noncut elements. Another approach to improve …” „… based on the discrete gradient operator. Further, the basis is modified in such a way that the rigid …” „… based on a product αGT AG where α is the indicator function, G defines the discrete gradient operator …”

Moment fitting quadratures S. 36-78

„… combination of the Gauss-Newton method and the gradient descent method. Another frequently used method is the …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186355188

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Improving the robustness of the finite cell method for problems with large deformations

Wadhah Garhuom

Reihe: Mechanik/Bruchmechanik

Band 359 2024

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Remeshing strategy for large deformations in the FCM S. 89-129

„… approach utilizes a multiplicative split of the deformation gradient in a totalLagrangian formulation. The …” „… this end, the total displacement gradient H is definedasH =∂d∂X. (6.3)Furthermore, the pre-displacement …” „… gradient Hn can be computed asHn =∂dn∂X. (6.4)Once we reach the predeformed configuration Ωn, the primary …”

Basic equations of continuum mechanics S. 6-16

„… introduced.2.1.1 Motion and deformation gradientThe motion of a body Ω as it deforms at time t can be …” „… important quantity is the deformation gra-dient tensorF = Gradφ(X, t) =dxdX. (2.2)This describes how an …” „… . (2.5)Here, H denotes the displacement gradient and 1 is a second-order identity tensor. Totransfer an …”

Summary and outlook S. 130-133

„… source points with the corresponding source values (e.g. displacement gradients)to be able to compute the …” „… of the deformation gradient in afull Lagrangian framework. The key idea is to generate a new mesh …” „… hyperelasticity, the displacement gradients are transferred using alocal radial basis function interpolation …”

The finite cell method S. 17-26

„… reference cell Ωc□ to the deformed cell φ(Ωc).Additionally, the gradients of the mapping functions are …” „… discretizationThe deformation gradient can be obtained based on the gradient of the mappingsF c = jc J−1,c =∂xc∂Xc …” „… dv, (3.27)where Ĝspatial denotes the discrete spatial gradient operator which includes the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-VIII

„… Motion and deformation gradient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.1.2 Strain measures …”

Bibliography S. 135-152

„… gradient in the solution of discretized structuralproblems. Computers & Structures, 185:15–26, 2017.[8 …” „… deflated preconditioned conjugate gradient method. SIAM Journal onScientific Computing, 35(1):B207–B225 …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186359186

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Game Content Generation from a Single Example

Maren Awiszus

Reihe: Informatik/ Kommunikation

Band 880 2023

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Fundamentals S. 23-46

„… whentraining a GAN are the vanishing gradient problem, the exploding gradientproblem, and mode collapse.A …” „… generated distributions. Additionally, ∥·∥2 denotesthe L2-norm and ∇ denotes the gradient.These techniques …” „… positive:ReLU(x) = max (0, x). (3.3)The original ReLU function has no gradient below zero, which can bedetrimental …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XIV

„… Algorithms. 3–5IXacronymsSGD Stochastic Gradient Descent. 29SMB Super Mario Bros. XI, XIII, 6–8, 11, 13 …”

Bibliography S. 111-130

„… , and P. Haffner. “Gradient-basedlearning applied to document recognition.” In: Proceedings of theIEEE …”

Generating Super Mario Bros Levels with Toad-gan S. 47-76

„… different levels at once. This was validated byanalyzing the correlation of gradient directions via their …” „… gradientthe generator receives is much more noisy when training consecutively.This experiment shows that …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186880109

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Manifold Learning for Super Resolution

Eduardo Pérez Pellitero

Reihe: Informatik/ Kommunikation

Band 859 2018

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Half-Hypersphere Confinement S. 40-51

„… negative change (e.g. positive or negative change in the gradient), which is described by the sign of the …” „… second-order gradients, as an inexpensive solution to the same high-pass filter approximation. This type of …” „… 2-nd order gradients. We refer to this novel feature transform as Gradient Iterative Back Projection …”

Conclusions S. 102-105

„… work. Gradient features in the transformed domain We used patches without mean as input features for …” „… the regression in our latest work. The use of 1-st and 2-nd order gradient features as the ones in [97 …” „… dihedral group elements need to be accounted. Including gradient features and eventually a PCA compression …”

Sparse dictionaries for SR S. 13-22

„… , even though it could be estimated as well. If addressed through gradient descent, the update equation …” „… the t-th iteration, and ν is the step size of the gradient descent. The convergence is fast and there …”

Bayesian approach to adaptive dictionaries S. 28-32

„… input image. itself (e.g. concatenated gradients, mean-subtracted patches), as it only affects the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XII

„… alternative training CS Cosine Similarity DCT Discrete Cosine Transform DLT Dense Local Training GIBP Gradient …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186859105

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Dritev – Drivetrain For Vehicles 2019

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (Hrsg.)

Reihe: VDI-Berichte

Band 2354 2019

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A. Lampe, R. Serway, L. Große Siestrup, C. Gühmann Artificial intelligence in transmission control – Clutch engagement with reinforcement learning S. I-113-I-132

„… gradients. Q-learning is used in the field where the action space is discrete or discretized so that the …” „… taking the action that gives the maximum expected return. In policy gradient methods, direct mapping …” „… policy is VDI-Berichte Nr. 2354, 2019124 learned by gradient methods that push its parameters towards …”

K. von Rueden, C. Danzer, J. Liebold, T. Mueller, T. Hirschbeck 1, 2 or 3 – how much it would be? Evaluating the need of multispeed electric drives coming from different perspectives S. I-227-I-254

„… , derived from the acceleration gradient during shifting. On the one hand there is the positive …” „… acceleration gradient and on the other hand the negative acceleration gradient . The classification of and …” „… show graphically evaluation of the shifting times and the acceleration gradients. On the upper part of …”

K. Hasegawa, D. Kosaka, S. Shimizu, K. Kawabata, H. Tsukashima Development of new hybrid AWD system for the SUV segment S. I-501-I-514

„… , this development set a tougher hill climbing gradient target than for a passenger vehicle. In addition …” „… a road with a gradient of 20% and covered in compacted snow. The test involved braking the …”

S. Sudo, T. Maeda, R. Kobayashi Drivetrain trend of truck of Asian market and new technology drive train for HD truck S. III-1-III-8

„… pre-reads the road gradient using artificial intelligence (AI), Hino Motors has achieved the world’s first …”

Y. Le Neindre Great Wall Motors’ 2nd generation of Pi4 platform – A high performance PHEV for premium SUV in China S. II-99-II-110

„… • Integration of Sport +: Adjustments of specific settings for shifting maps, torque gradient and maximum torque …”

G. Hellenbroich Low-cost DCT for emerging markets incl. 48 V hybridization S. I-67-I-78

„… also increase the dynamics and torque gradients for the combustion engine, which can be an additional …”

S. Johnsen, R. Wexenberger Mechatronic transmission control module for agile AMT Transmission actuation in commercial vehicles S. III-75-III-84

„… , providing a stiffer system with greater stiffness gradient. The bigger the variation in gas spring …”

P. Fietkau, N. Lamparsky, M. Felbermaier, A. Fröhlcke, T. Conze Holistic design approach for electric drives S. I-163-I-178

„… are no separating clutches or similar, and the electric motor can deliver very high torque gradients …”

U. Stockinger, H. Pflaum, K. Stahl Single vs. multi-cone synchronizers with carbon friction lining – A comparison of load limits and deterioration behavior S. I-455-I-470

„… . gradient of µmin / µmin,97 in the interval 33-100 % N As the blocking safety between single, and …”

K. Baron, C. Rübsam, M. Werra, F. Küçükay Hybridized manual transmission – Opportunities and challenges of mild hybridization S. I-49-I-66

„… statistics, e.g. for accelerator and brake pedal position and gradient, gear shifting points as well as …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023549

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An Integrated Approach for Traffic Scene Understanding from Monocular Cameras

Malte Oeljeklaus

Reihe: Verkehrstechnik/Fahrzeugtechnik

Band 815 2021

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

„… , these activation functions are not well suited for gradient-based training of the model parameters due …” „… general framework iterative gradient-descent approach is then used to minimize the loss and fit the model …” „… evolutionary optimization [Rea+17; Rea+19], reinforcement learning [ZL17; Zop+18; TL19], and gradient based …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XIV

„… form ϕa ( ) nonlinear activation function ϕs ( ) softmax function γ learning rate for gradient descent …” „… optimization gMA moving average of the squared gradients h, h, H feature scalar, feature vector, feature tensor …” „… IoU in world coordinates i gradient descent iteration count I marks the use of image coordinates in …”

Multi-task Integration and Conclusive Experimental Analysis S. 84-96

„… gradient values. The basic relationship is apparent from Table 8.1. It shows, that on the one hand, a …” „… summation node in the network architecture leads to a branching of the gradient propagation. On the other …” „… hand, a branching of the network architecture corresponds to a summation of the gradients during the …”

Network Architecture for Multi-task Feature Sharing S. 28-37

„… consecutive images In deep CNNs, the training gradients are computed by applying the chain rule, which can …” „… result in very small gradient values. These can lead to a slowing or stagnation of the training process …” „… , which has been termed as the vanishing gradient problem [Hoc91]. As a possible mitigation approach …”

Drivable Road Area from Semantic Image Segmentation S. 50-63

„… , which switches the prediction inference (forward) and gradient (backward) computation of the regular …” „… gradients. To account for this, the cross entropy loss function from equation 2.3.12 is normalized by the …”

Bibliography S. 115-142

„… . Tieleman and G. Hinton. “Lecture 6.5-rmsprop: Divide the gradient by a running average of its recent …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186815125

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Generic Topology Optimization Based on Local State Features

Nikola Aulig

Reihe: Rechnerunterstützte Verfahren

Band 468 2017

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Fundamentals S. 8-28

„… test case with examples of optimizations. In contrast to the specialized, gradient-based topology …” „… categorization of known representations. Density-based, LSM, and BESO/SERA are specialized gradient-based methods …” „… continuous problem. This enables optimization with gradient-based mathematical programming methods …”

Conclusions S. 150-154

„… a standard gradient-based method. Although the approach is different from classical evolutionary …” „… establishes a direct link between performing a gradient-based search and a stochastic one, in which the latter …” „… implicit, or gradient-based optimization steps do not suit to improve the design, TOPS can succeed with the …”

Structure Representations for Evolutionary Computation S. 29-47

„… . 2.1.3. 3.2.2 Real-Valued Array Encoding When operating directly on the mesh, gradient-based algorithms …” „… contours of a level set function. Usually, gradient-based optimization is best suited to address the large …” „… of very low weight, in which classical gradient-based algorithms failed to find solutions. 3.4.3 …”

Topology Optimization by Predicting Sensitivities S. 48-83

„… direction. Figure 4.2 illustrates this idea by depicting the flow of a conventional gradient-based topology …” „… gradient-based one, in case the update-signal model accurately predicts the correct sensitivities; therefore, the …” „… given in App. A.1. To address problem (4.1) with gradient-based methods, the partial derivative, or …”

Introduction S. 1-7

„… topology optimization algorithms are so-called gradient-based algorithms. When using mathematical gradients …” „… gradient-based algorithms and existing as well as potential applications. Chapter 4 is the backbone of this …” „… Learned by Computational Intelligence Research Focus Gradient-based Topology Optimization Generic Topology …”

Bibliography S. 177-202

„… set method and the topological gradient in structural optimization. In IUTAM symposium on topological …” „… . Similarities and differences between policy gradient methods and evolution strategies. In ESANN, pages 149–154 …” „… negative masks using gradient search. Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, 44(5):629– 649, 2011 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XVIII

„… and modelling approaches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 4.2 The concept of standard gradient-based …” „… optimization methods requires mathematical gradient information. However, when addressing optimization problems …” „… results or gradient information at all. In order to provide design concepts also for these types of …”

Topology Optimization of Crashworthiness Objectives S. 121-149

„… scenario that are considered [157]. Existing gradient-based methods are only applicable for considerably …” „… crash behaviour is modelled, for instance involving large and plastic deformations. Gradient-based …” „… subject to linear static loads can be addressed with standard gradient-based topology optimization methods …”

Studies on the Minimum Compliance Problem S. 84-120

„… constraints besides the volume constraint. Hence, for solving the problem with a standard gradient-based …” „… with evolutionary learning can be applied when sensitivity samples are imprecise or gradient-descent is …” „… is assumed that analytical sensitivities are unknown and a reference solution is obtained by gradient …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186468208

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SIMVEC 2022

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (Hrsg.)

Reihe: VDI-Berichte

Band 2407 2022

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

J. Lee, S. Rehfeldt, H. Klein, D. Bäder, A. Eisenträger, J. Kuhnert, I. Michel Two-phase water evaporation MESHFREE CFD method for wet automotive component dry-out time prediction S. 33-44

„… . Through time- and location-dependent adaptive refinement with respect to humidity and velocity gradients …” „… , is the gradient, and is the divergence [7]. To derive a useful numerical scheme, the stress tensor …” „… driving force of the mass transfer – liquid water to vapor – is the vapor diffusion driven by the gradient …”

B. P. van de Weg, L. Greve, B. Rosic Surrogate modelling for finite element simulations Towards a stochastic surrogate approach S. 555-562

„… ?〈? ? , ? ? 〉 (5) Using which the weights can be updated through backward gradient propagation. As one may deduce …” „… subsequent gradient optimization: ? ,1? , Σ ,, ? 1, … ,? (11) ? , ? ∑ 1 ? , Σ ,? , ? ? , (12 …” „… LSTM-based neural network and the local target function defined, one must perform gradient backpropagation to …”

R. Winstanley, D. Flad, F. Menter, A. Main, Raunak Borker, Anand Singh, R. Jia, J. Maruszewski Next Generation Ansys GPU CFD Solver Technology for External Aerodynamic Applications S. 45-62

„… pressure-velocity decoupling is obtained by using a ½ factor weighting for the gradient-averaging in the RC method …” „… ) method is used to prevent checkerboard oscillations. The RC term is based on the pres-sure gradient and …” „… discretized using the arithmetic mean of the neighboring cells. And the pressure gradient uses Green-Gauss …”

M. Frank, K. Hofwimmer Neue Methode zur Bewertung des Klebschichtversagens unter zyklischen Belastungen – Ermüdungsanalyse und Schadensbeurteilung S. 451-464

„… Fügeverbindung berücksichtigt, so findet der Gradient der linearen v.Mises-Spannung ein Maximum über der …” „… der Mittelebene zu hohen relativen Spannungsgradienten. Da diese Gradienten in FEMFAT zur Ermittlung …” „… des Gradienteneinflusses herangezogen werden, können sich kleine Fehler aus der RBE3-Anbindung im …”

D. Bäder, S. Eibl, C. Wolf, P. Kolar, A. Oliva, F. Meyer 3D CFD Simulations of Snow Accumulation in the Wheel House of a Vehicle at different Driving Speeds S. 1-20

„… acquired from an energy density field which maps the elastic deformation gradient FE onto an energy …” „… response. Using multiplicative plasticity theory F = FE FP the deformation gradient can be split into …” „… SPH. The same can be done for the gradient of velocity in equation (5): j are all SPH neighbours in …”

F. Achilles, C. Nippold, T. Ahrenhold, R. Henze Virtuelle Validierung der Lenksystemperformance bei überlenkbaren Fahrerassistenzeingriffen S. 395-406

„… Gradient des Lenkradmoments im Druckbereich. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2407, 2022402 Bild 6: Lenkhysterese bei …” „… Nr. 2407, 2022404 Bild 9: Lenkradmoment und -gradient in Abhängigkeit der Software (v = 40 km/h …”

A. Backes Globales Systemverständnis von Simulationsmodellen durch Maschinelles Lernen S. 563-570

„… Parameter-Satz die Werte im Parameter-Raum schrittweise verbessert werden (z.B. Gradienten-Verfahren). Iterative …”

A. Berndt, J. Michy, M. Klein Reduktion der Prozesskomplexität durch Integration der Lebensdauerberechnung in die FEM-Simulation S. 487-500

„… gradients, which were previously additionally calculated by the fatigue life programs based on their own …”

M. Styrnik Data Analytics für die robuste Fahrzeugauslegung unter Berücksichtigung von Fertigungsstreuungen S. 337-348

„… . Neben der Berechnung eines naiven Gradienten haben sich, je nachdem welche Detaillierung in dieser Stufe …”

A. Hüppe, D. Scholz, F. Menter, R. Winstanley, F. Muldoon Octree Meshing Technology for External Aerodynamic CFD Applications S. 21-32

„… boundary mesh generation was configured to include geometry recovery, prismatic layers and a gradient based …”

S. Rafiee Experimental and theoretical prediction of a micromechanics-based stress state dependent failure model for ductile materials in ABAQUS, LS-DYNA and PAM-CRASH S. 231-248

„… homogeneous deformation. These localization bands induce a macroscopic discontinuity in the velocity gradient …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024072

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