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Systematic Derivation of Objective Requirements on Vehicle Steering System

Martin Ralf Münster

Reihe: Verkehrstechnik/Fahrzeugtechnik

Band 819 2023

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„… of requirement derivation isapplied in this work to both linear and nonlinear behavior of the …” „… method.Nonlinear CaseSection 6.2 extends the method of requirement derivation for subsystems with nonlinearities.In …” „… repetitive subsystem analysis, requirement derivation and subsystem assembly until thenonlinear force at the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XVI

„… Fortschritt-Berichte VDIDipl.-Ing. Martin Ralf Münster, MünchenSystematic Derivation of Objective Requirements …” „… DesignSystematic Derivation of ObjectiveRequirements on Vehicle Steering SystemUsing Methods of …” „… Münster, MünchenSystematic Derivation of Objective Requirements onVehicle Steering SystemUsing Methods …”

Deriving Requirements on Subsystem Level S. 35-62

„… further developing the theoretical derivation of requirements. These requirementswill be defined in the …” „… system. The developed framework of requirement derivation andsubsystem (de-) coupling will then be used …” „… far.Hence, Eq. (3.48) is not very useful for the derivation of subsystem requirements unlesscorresponding …”

Resulting Subsystem Requirements S. 123-152

„… Linear versus Nonlinear Requirement DerivationComparison between nonlinearly derived limiting surfaces …” „… . (3.87) and (3.88) at Sec. 3.3.2, the derivation of requirements in thepresence of uncertainties is …” „… are relevantfor the process of requirement derivation. This section briefly demonstrates some …”

Introduction S. 1-12

„… behave linearly. Then, nonlinearities are considered at the processof requirement derivation. It is shown …” „… shownin the same chapter, the requirement derivation under consideration of nonlinearitiesaddresses a wide …” „… optimal results regarding the properties of the final vehicle, requirements andtheir assessment results at …”

Bibliography S. 195-204

„… . Baden-Baden, GER, 2014.200 Bibliography[84] Muenster, M., Lehner, M., and Rixen, D. J. “Requirement Derivation …” „… (2019), p. 106231.[85] Muenster, M., Lehner, M., and Rixen, D. J. “Requirement Derivation of Vehicle …” „… ] Muenster, M., Lehner, M., and Rixen, D. J. “Requirements for the DisturbanceResponse of Steering and …”

Subsystem Analysis of the Front Axle S. 93-122

„… requirement derivation or component design.5.2 Simplified Front-Axle Model including Tire Dynamics 1050 10 20 …” „… are not necessarily needed for requirement derivation but they help to interpretafterwards the …” „… the suspension must satisfy different requirements atthe same time: It has to be soft for the sake of …”

Appendix 1 S. 205-224

„… Münster, MünchenSystematic Derivation of Objective Requirements onVehicle Steering SystemUsing Methods …” „… other words, there are no requirements to the phase-exact limit at thisfrequency.For the necessary limit …” „… · Seite 222Preflight Lx3 am Oktober 23, 2023 | 08:40:45 | 350 mm x 250 mmMünsterObjective Requirements on …”

Substructuring the Vehicle Steering S. 13-34

„… global system which will be dynamicallyanalyzed and addressed by requirement derivation. For this purpose …” „… decoupled in case of requirements are soughton their dynamic properties.Steering Subsystem, consisting of …” „… of requirement specification (target cascading) it isbeneficial to use a method which needs only few …”

Subsystem Analysis of the Steering S. 63-92

„… results are used inthe following chapters for requirement derivation in the presence of nonlinearities.92 …” „… and A222 thosewho are relevant for subsystem requirements in terms of steering vibration. This means …” „… requirement relevant coefficient,now change significantly through the multiplication with another term arising …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186819123

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ELIV 2024

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (Hrsg.)

Reihe: VDI-Berichte

Band 2441 2024

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T. Liedtke, R. Messnarz TARAs Performed on Different Levels of the Supply Chain – Experiences Based on Real Example ESLF Insights into Applying ISO/SAE 21434:2021 in Automotive Cybersecurity S. 541-552

„… derivation of cybersecurity requirements and the consistency of controls across multiple architectural levels …” „… ) and the direct systematic derivation of cybersecurity requirements will be discussed. 3 OEM level …” „… : • Selection of cybersecurity controls and derivation of cybersecurity requirements using architectural …”

L. Eisemann, L. Toettel, T. Watzl, T. K. Rupp, J. Schaper Using Large Language Models to generate critical driving situations for virtual and hybrid ADAS/AD testing S. 265-280

„… situations and the generation of simulations, function requirements and regulations are often only avail-able …” „… reality [1, 3].Furthermore, function requirements or test cases have to be derived from regulatory …” „… . The proposed framework includes the generation of these requirements.Hereby, the traffic participant’s …”

P. Dreiseitel, R. Grewe Quo vadis Vision Zero – Can AI help us to make our vision come true? S. 41-52

„… implementation. The standard encompasses several key areas, including: • Derivation of safety requirements based …” „… development process, the system is described using requirements and architectural models. Connecting an LLM to …” „… individual failures are extremely rare, the statistical requirements for test drives become very high, easily …”

A. Schleich, F. Modes, T. Schaller, M. Werling Statistical methods and Monte-Carlo simulation ensure the safety case of the environmental sensor performance in BMW’s first L3 function, the BMW Personal Pilot L3 S. 105-116

„… developed statistical models. Crucially, the publication focuses on the derivation of valid sensor …” „… and connected vehicle traffic in its report from June 2017. This includes the following requirement …” „… certain factors. How often does a situation occur in reality? What is the resulting requirement for the …”

L. Hettich, J. Stümpfle, M. Weyrich Testing Variant-Rich Software-Defined Mobility Systems Methods, Future Challenges and Innovative Concepts S. 243-256

„… driving factor, with customer requirements diversifying and higher demands being placed on vehicle …” „… contribute a derivation and analysis of challenges to overcome in the future, with a focus on testing in …” „… range of variants to satisfy a broad spectrum of customer requirements. As the process of globalization …”

S. Schran, R. Jung, A. Mukherji Recommendations for the practical use of Ethernet Security-Protocols and beyond S. 565-578

„… . VDI-Berichte Nr. 2441, 2024574A Connectivity Association Key (CAK) is essential for key derivation during the …” „… render this approach impractical for ECUs that have stringent requirements for rapid initialization …”

N. Neis, L. Eisemann, D. Hermann, J. Zhou, L. Toettel From Reality to Simulation: Automatized Transfer and Simulation of Critical Driving Scenarios with Digital Twins S. 453-466

„… requirements, we developed a novel approach, shown in Fig. 3, for the gener-ation of road models from sparse …” „… requirements and coordinate system. To import the OpenDRIVE®and its corresponding mesh in FBX format in CARLA …” „… challenging conditions and allows the derivation of scenariosof varying criticality. To increase the …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024416

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ELIV 2019

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (Hrsg.)

Reihe: VDI-Berichte

Band 2357 2019

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M. Traub, H.-U. Michel Future electric/electronic architecture – Sustainable design of a digital in-vehicle backend infrastructure S. 201-212

„… backend - 3rd parties) for all applications and services. In addition legal requirements, competition …” „… factors, precise requirements for a future e/e architecture are formulated and goals are defined. These …” „… requirements and goals are used for the evaluation of each specific e/e building block. The goal achievement …”

O. Ur-Rehman, G. Wallraf, B. Holderbaum, M. Jentges Impact of Cybersecurity and Safety Standards on ADAS Software Development Practices S. 407-418

„… respectively. The systematic derivation of safety requirements from the safety goals is one of the …” „… illustrated in Fig. 5. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2357, 2019414 Fig. 5: Derivation of safety requirements from …” „… different requirements. However, a successful security attack on a vehicle or its component(s) can have a …”

P. Gesner, F. Kirschbaum, F. Landenberger, J. Scheiffele, L. Morawietz, B. Bäker Modeling and identification of electrochemical energy storage for drive train development – Review and evaluation S. 101-114

„… first part, model requirements are derived from real driving data. These requirements specify lower and …” „… battery management system (BMS). 3. Requirements on battery models For an efficient modeling of the …” „… requirements in terms of the current, temperature and state of charge ranges as well as the voltage accuracy …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023570

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Constraint Propagation for Analog and Mixed-Signal Integrated Circuit Design

Krinke Andreas

Reihe: Rechnerunterstützte Verfahren

Band 474 2020

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Introduction S. 1-9

„… derivation—fixed rules for transforming design objectives into a set of constraints, depending on the design …” „… context, 2. Deduction-based derivation—deducing new constraints from design data and existing constraints …” „… solution(s) as possible. Constraints describe “hard” requirements for a system or one of its parts. They …”

Bibliography S. 132-146

„… Characterization of the Copper CMP Process and Derivation of Metal Layout Rules”. In: IEEE Transactions on …” „… B.V. Oct. 29, 2009. Cited on page 15. [RR14] S. Robertson and J. Robertson.Mastering the Requirements …” „… Process. Getting Requirements Right. 3rd edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Addison- Wesley, 2014. ISBN …”

Constraint Propagation S. 41-90

„… requirements that result from them. This Chapter 5 contains the main contributions of this thesis. Based on the …” „… design parameters include compliance with licensing requirements for intellectual property (IP) modules …” „… is a requirement for nets that are connected to package pins [BCN17]. In order to translate this …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186474209

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ELIV-MarketPlace 2022

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (Hrsg.)

Reihe: VDI-Berichte

Band 2405 2022

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M. Dargel, L. Bublitz Lessons learned from current developments of highly automated driving functions (SAE Level 3 and 4) and derivation of future success factors S. 69-78

„… derivation of requirements and their continuous traceability are an essential component here. Best practices …” „… ) and derivation of future success factors Marco Dargel, Lucas Bublitz, P3 Automotive GmbH, Stuttgart …” „… . 2405, 202270Lessons Learned from Development of highly automated Driving Functions and Derivation of …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XIV

„… automated driving functions (SAE Level 3 and 4) and derivation of future success factors …” „… Safety-related Availability Requirements …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024058

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Mensch-Maschine-Sehen als Grundlage der Entwicklung optomechatronischer Systeme für kamerabasierte Objekterkennung

Max Caspar Sundermeier

Reihe: Berichte aus dem iPeG

Band 02/2024 2024

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Eigene Veröffentlichungen S. 147-148

„… Heat Sink: Multiphysical Simulation for Thermal Material Requirement De-rivation. In: Innovative …” „… ; Sunder-meier, Max C.; Lachmayer, Roland: Requirements for Automotive LiDARSystems. In: Sensors 22 (2022), Nr …” „… Caspar; Grabe, Tobias; Lach-mayer, Roland: Lidars for vehicles: from the requirements to the technical …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783959009218

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LAND.TECHNIK 2020

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (Hrsg.)

Reihe: VDI-Berichte

Band 2374 2020

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D. Brinkmann, L. Kortenjann, M. Niermann Topology-optimized body structures and possibilities of realization using the example of a combine – feeder house S. 303-308

„… includes functional requirements and boundary conditions of the structure. Fig. 1: Basic process of …” „… optimization result of a feeder house [3] 3. Design derivation from topology optimization Due to the …” „… functional requirements of the feeder house, a shell construction is preferable to a frame construction. A …”

M. Pußack, I. Stasewitsch, L. Frerichs Investigations of a cutter bar operated in resonance mode with an electric direct drive S. 151-156

„… basis for the derivation of specifications for the force and power requirements of this mower. Due to …” „… their size, linear motors that meet these requirements cannot be placed directly on the cutter bar …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023747

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Model-based and Experimental Analysis of Transient Electrodialysis Processes

Matthias Johannink

Reihe: Verfahrenstechnik

Band 949 2016

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Concluding remarks S. 134-138

„… requirements for an accurate model-based description of the process. One important requirement emerged in the …” „… means, the model development focused on the derivation of a transport model on the basis of the …” „… (Asbj??rnsen and Fjeld, 1970, Moe, 1995) to the case of distributed PDAE systems. During the derivation of the …”

Index analysis and reduction of PDAE systems S. 42-65

„… the speci c numerical methods applied, additional requirements arise with respect to the structural …” „… required to transform the DAE system into a system of ordinary di erential equations (ODE). The derivation …” „… approach for the identi cation of consistent initial conditions is based on the derivation of an extended …”

Introduction S. 4-16

„… fail to ful ll important physical consistency requirements such as the conservation of species masses …” „… model development includes the derivation of an appropriate model structure allowing for the description …”

A dynamic process model of an electrodialysis plant S. 84-110

„… ion exchange membranes The derivation of a two-dimensional description from the general …” „… an important requirement for the physical plausibility of the model as the negative space charge …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186949035

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Plastics in Automotive Engineering 2016

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (Hrsg.)

Reihe: VDI-Berichte

Band 4343 2016

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H. Gawinski, E. Neitzel, D. Bauch Potential for weight reduction in commercial vehicles – Air springs with pistons made of glass-fiber- reinforced plastic S. 337-344

„… : Motivational factors for the use of plastics in commercial vehicles 2. Requirements for air springs for …” „… requirements applied to air spring modules as regards function and durability must of course be satisfied to …” „… the same level (Figure 2). Fig. 2: Requirements - parameters influencing product durability 338 …”

M. Derks Carbon core: the use of CFRP in the body structure of the BMW 7 Series S. 83-92

„… concepts presented into conventional body construction. 1. Derivation of the lightweight concept for …” „… distribution. The complete fulfillment of all legal and safety requirements applicable in the various markets …” „… fulfillment of additional statutory requirements, the new BMW Series 7 has a lower center of gravity than its …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783182443438

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AgEng LAND.TECHNIK 2022

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (Hrsg.)

Reihe: VDI-Berichte

Band 2406 2022

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B. Pölling, J. Steiner, C.-P. Stickel Development of a new structural undercarriage for combine harvesters S. 31-40

„… similarities with the requirements from the model series B. The performance range of the entire process …” „… series A does not meet the internal CLAAS requirement for larger steering axle swing angles, which are …” „… (hereinafter referred to as UNDERCARRIAGE B). Fig. 2: Schematic representation of the derivation of the new …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024065

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LAND.TECHNIK 2022

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (Hrsg.)

Reihe: VDI-Berichte

Band 2395 2022

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C. J. Lee, S. Schatzle, S. A. Lang Evaluation of perception sensors for safety of highly automated machine operations S. 163-170

„… requirements are derived from the technical safety concept and the underlying hardware [5]. Derivation of …” „… reliable environmental perception is a fundamental requirement for highly automated or even autonomous …” „… obstacles. Considering both, technical requirements and operational, external factors which affect the …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023952

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Dritev – Drivetrain for Vehicles 2020

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (Hrsg.)

Reihe: VDI-Berichte

Band 2373 2020

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F. Brezger, A. Moser Investigation and potential analysis of shiftable form-locked one-way clutches for hybrid and electric vehicles S. I-133-I-148

„… requirements. Because of being a shift element with different modes (one-way-clutch clockwise or counter …” „… , hybrid and electric vehicles) are introduced. Derived from the new layouts, new requirements become …” „… obvious. The successful transfer of these requirements in the design of a MMCM is shown in various …”

A. Esser, T. Eichenlaub, S. Rinderknecht Real-driving-based comparison of the eco-impact of powertrain concepts using a data-driven optimization environment S. I-309-I-342

„… and the derivation of driving cycles applied in this study. Thereafter, the vehicle simulation model …” „… the vehicles is determined on the same driving profiles and with the same minimal range requirements …” „… derivation of representative driving cycles is given in Section 3. In addition to meeting the traction …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023730

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Automation 2020

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (Hrsg.)

Reihe: VDI-Berichte

Band 2375 2020

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M. Glawe, L. Feeken, B. Wudka, C.-Y. Kao, E. Mirzaei, T. Weinhold, A. Szanto Towards resilient Factories of Future – Defining required capabilities for a resilient Factory of Future S. 755-768

„… Misuse-Cases are basis for a systematic derivation of requirements on FoF capabilities. Section 5 gives …” „… behaviour watch techniques. 5. Requirements derivation, demonstration architecture and the way ahead …” „… environments. To further define these capabilities an approach was used to define requirements and …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023754

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Automotive Security 2019

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (Hrsg.)

Reihe: VDI-Berichte

Band 2358 2019

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T. Liedtke Implementation of (new) cybersecurity standards – Samples & Experiences S. 83-VIII

„… … Safety Goals Cybersecurity Goals Derivation of… Safety Requirements Cybersecurity Requirements Design …” „… product development have to be taken into account. Security requirements, controls and measures, risk …” „… ]. The paper describes a possible risk analysis as defined in a security standard and the requirements …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023587

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Drivetrain for Vehicles 2017

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (Hrsg.)

Reihe: VDI-Berichte

Band 2313 2017

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M. Hein, C. Kunze, J.-K. Lee, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Customer-focused modular lest procedure for driveline#components S. 41-42

„… operating conditions for real customer usage and hence makes the derivation of a customer-focused …” „… failure effect and on the OEMs given quality and reliability requirements. With the proposed test concept …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023136

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