VDI Verlag eLibrary

LAND.TECHNIK 2020

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (Hrsg.)

Reihe: VDI-Berichte

Band 2374 2020

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

R. Schmetz Energy analyses of different advanced drive systems for agricultural machinery S. 315-322

„… account with sufficient accuracy using so-called primary energy factors fP. Based on the repeated …” „… evaluation of relevant standards for such primary energy factors fP such as the periodically updated German …” „… different balance limits, the primary energy factors according to Table 1 are used here. Table 1 …”

R. Schmetz, R. Hartanto Soil protection and energy savings through efficient energy supply to machines for primary and secondary soil tillage S. 83-92

„… values of ηICE ≈ 0.4. In addition, these efficiencies need to be divided by the primary energy factor of …” „… , efficiencies in the range of ηE ≥ 0.9 can be achieved, which have to be divided by the primary energy factor …” „… primary energy (with a primary energy factor fP = 2). The sensitivity of these results to major changes …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XIV

„… through efficient energy supply to machines for primary and secondary soil tillage …” „… , Institute of Natural Materials Technology, Technical University Dresden Soil protection and energy savings …” „… , Karlsruhe Automation and Human Factors The application of mobile eye-tracking to improve the usability of …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023747

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Entwicklung des energiesparenden Bauens.

Hans Erhorn (Hrsg.)

2022

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Marco Citterio, Michele Zinzi Energy Renovation of Educational Buildings in Practice – Nearly 20 years of common experience S. 99-104

„… restraints of a common and holistic design process. Fig. 2 Primary energy reduction factors in the BRITA in …” „… primary energy reduction factors of the case studies implemented in BRITA in PuBs. It can be observed that …” „… ) achieved a factor 2 reduction of primary energy, while 1.5 was achieved by a university building in …”

Timo Kauppinen, Jorma Pietiläinen Energy Efficiency in Educational Buildings – Experiences from International R&D Projects S. 91-98

„… 91 Energy Efficiency in Educational Buildings – Experiences from International R&D …” „… - DUCE). The main goals were to develop prediction tools for retrofit concepts and to promote energy and …” „… cost-efficient retrofit measures for the decision makers. When the EPBD (Energy Performance of Buildings …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783738802702

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38. Internationales Wiener Motorensymposium 27.-28. April 2017

Hans Peter Lenz (Hrsg.)

Reihe: Verkehrstechnik/Fahrzeugtechnik

Band 802 2017

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

M. R. Jolly, K. Salonitis Rohstoffverarbeitung, Motorenfertigung und CO2-Ausstoß auf der Straße: Wie kann die Automobilindustrie bestmöglich zu ökologischer Nachhaltigkeit beitragen? /Primary Manufacturing, Engine Production a... S. II-379-II-398

„… % of the energy primary aluminium”. [1] This ignores the energy from ancillary processes used in the …” „… energy used to produce primary materials. Allwood and Cullen [1] suggest that for primary aluminium the …” „… be seen that for 1 tonne of primary aluminium 98 GJ of energy are required or 265 GJ/m3. A similar …”

C. A. Sharp, C. Henry, G. Neely, S. Rengarajan, J. Sarlashkar, C. C. Webb, S. Yoon Bewertung und Darstellung von Technologien zur Erreichung niedrigster NOx-Emissionen am Beispiel eines NFZ-Dieselmotors /Evaluation and Demonstration of Ultra Low NOx Technologies for an On-Highway Di... S. II-164-II-184

„… on potential for NOX reduction, impact on GHG emissions, and other factors such as cost and …” „… is the primary NOX mitigation strategy when the engine system is 38. Internationales Wiener …” „… efficiency. The primary SCR technology used for this program was a copper zeolite-based SCR catalyst …”

M. Garrett, N. Jackson, S. Kollamthodi Verbrennungsmotoren – Wie sieht ihre Zukunft in einer Welt nach “Dieselgate” aus? /Internal Combustion Engines – What Does the Future Hold in a Post Dieselgate World? S. II-424-II-431

„… Energy & Environment, Harwell, UK. Internal combustion engines – what does the future hold in a …” „… defined as “primary” NO2. NO emitted from the vehicle tailpipe is ultimately converted to NO2 in the …” „… 2, with larger or redder points indicating higher fractions of primary NO2. The data shows very …”

P. Ramminger, R. Matthé, M. Herrmann, R. Jäger Das elektrische Antriebssystem im neuen Opel Ampera-e/The Electric Propulsion System in the New Opel Ampera-e S. II-1-II-13

„… . Through extensive analysis, the primary propulsion system components, which include the drive unit …” „… , traction electric motor, power electronics, energy storage and on-board charging module, were optimized …” „… improvements in propulsion system energy, power, torque and efficiency. The results deliver outstanding EV …”

N. Saito, K. Nagumo, M. Yamamoto, A. Hiraide, M. Sugishita, H. Chiba, T. Brachmann Das Brennstoffzellensystem des Honda CLARITY FUEL CELL und Honda‘s Beitrag zur Realisierung der Wasserstoffgesellschaft /Fuel Cell System for Honda CLARITY FUEL CELL and Activity towards the Hydrogen ... S. I-41-I-60

„… is a secondary energy carrier. It is able to be produced using various forms of primary energy …” „… urban air pollution, global warming, and energy issues as three areas to be addressed in its …” „… future, the production of hydrogen using renewable energy creates the potential to offer an energy …”

M. Younkins, A. Tripathi, J. Serrano, J. Fuerst, H.-J. Schiffgens, J. Kirwan, W. Fedor Dynamic Skip Fire: Die einzigartige Zylinderabschaltung/Dynamic Skip Fire: The Ultimate Cylinder Deactivation Strategy S. I-249-I-268

„… , which simultaneously allows additional gains in brake energy regeneration due to elimination of pumping …” „… exhaust valves close is expanded to a low pressure. The energy used to expand this gas is returned …” „… by three factors. The first of those factors is shown in Figure 8, which shows the pneumatic losses …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186802125

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Dritev 2022

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (Hrsg.)

Reihe: VDI-Berichte

Band 2401 2022

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

P. He, A. Eßer, S. Rinderknecht, M. Schmiedt A Degradation Model of a Wet Friction Clutch based on Theoretical and Experimental Analysis and the Application for a Condition Monitoring Method S. 303-320

„… conditions in order to avoid the interaction between influence factors. This paper presents a study combining …” „… . Furthermore, a degradation model of the clutch related to the sliding speed and the total dissipation energy …” „… speed is the relative rotational speed between the primary and secondary sides of the clutch when …”

F. Lagier, N. Freund, K. Bause, S. Ott, A. Albers Simulation-based evaluation of high-speed PEEK gears in automotive powertrains and design of a validation environment for high-speed gears S. 223-240

„… drivetrains are designed to increase the energy density of the powertrain. Rising the power of an electrical …” „… , has been used as a reference for boundary conditions as well as gear design factors. VDI-Berichte Nr …” „… effect on energy consumption, as the turning rates are the highest in this first stage of the gearbox …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024010

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LAND.TECHNIK 2022

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (Hrsg.)

Reihe: VDI-Berichte

Band 2395 2022

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

L. Frerichs, L. Buck Structuring of electrified agricultural machine systems – Diversity of solutions and analysis methods S. 1-10

„… all these factors not only influence the energy demand. The emissions are also influenced, the …” „… ) represents the third factor and clusters external, self-supply and combined energy supply. Fig. 1 …” „… supply with electric energy by a Lateral Move system Based on the described and further factors …”

S. Prufling, B. Langer Latest technology solutions for Charging and e-Machines – how off-road and agriculture applications can benefit from automotive innovations S. 365-380

„… principle is typically used where energy is transmitted between a primary coil (grid coil) and a secondary …” „… : packaging requirements, efficiency, and product cost [4]. Motivated by these factors the necessity of high …” „… torque could be improved by a factor of one third and the continuous power even by 50% compared to a …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023952

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PIAE Europe 2023

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (Hrsg.)

Reihe: VDI-Berichte

Band 2418 2023

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

M. Däbritz, K. Scherer Halving the CO2 footprint through process integration in the production of coated plastic parts S. 239-256

„… ● 10-04 Kg ethylene equiv. Total primary energy consumption 7,46 28,71 MJ Figures 5 to 7 compare the …” „… footprint), abiotic resource consumption (ADPf) and primary energy consumption (PEV). It can be seen that …” „… warming potential (GWP or carbon footprint), abiotic resource consumption (ADPf) and primary energy …”

S. Lang, C. Niermann Sustainably high-quality! Are recyclates the only way to reduce CO2? S. 159-182

„… . Different polymers have different CO2 footprints. This is mainly influenced by energy requirements, resource …” „… . The energy mix used in the processes also plays a decisive role here. By using sustainable energies …” „… process and the energy mix used at the production location often have an even greater influence on values …”

A. Munch Elmér, H. Palokangas Materialsmart – Materialchoice – The key to de-carbonizing your products S. 229-238

„… VDI-Berichte Nr. 2418, 2023230factors affecting the CO2-e/kg value are energy use, plastic raw material and …” „… as soon as a statistical significant amount of production data has been gathered. Energy source The …” „… environmental impact is very much affected by the type of energy used at production. Energy from various sources …”

E. Metzsch-Zilligen Waste4Future – Innovative recycling approach for the automotive industry? S. 451-456

„… . Seven institutes of Fraunhofer society are pooling their expertise in this project to increase energy …” „… 's dependence on imported primary carbon resources such as oil and natural gas. Achieving higher recycling …” „… contain effects of pollution, resource depletion and energy demand. It is evident, that a life without …”

D. Braun, E. Kougioumtzi, O. Geiger, M. Prinz From Scrap Tires to Door Handles S. 427-436

„… , renewable energy throughout the utilisation phase of electric vehicles, and finally, the recycling of …” „… chemically recycled polyamide compound, on the other hand, achieve the usual properties of primary plastics …” „… handles were just the beginning - crash absorbers and other components to follow A key success factor for …”

F. Groh, R. Apfelbeck, W. v. Gilst, A. Karl Innovative shear panel in plastic for vehicles with shortened battery modules S. 519-532

„… energy absorption during the crash. The load introduction was realized in the project by specially …” „… matrix only needs to be heated once. As a result, D-LFTs are less energy-intensive in terms of …” „… research and development project between AUDI AG and the POLYTEC GROUP – with the primary goal of …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024188

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Scrubbing System Design for CO2 Capture in Coal-Fired Power Plants

Elizabeth Heischkamp

Reihe: Verfahrenstechnik

Band 953 2017

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Downstream scrubbing of flue gases S. 18-30

„… nitrogen atom, amines can be classified as: primary, like MEA, secondary, like DEA and DIPA, and tertiary …” „… , like MDEA and TEA. According to [38] primary and secondary amines react in the same order of magnitude …” „… [36]: In primary and secondary amines, it is possible to …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186953032

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GJAE - German Journal of Agricultural Economics

Alle Ausgaben: GJAE - German Journal of Agricultural Economics

GJAE Jahrgang 72 (2023) Heft 02 ISSN Online: 2191-4028

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Thomas Heckelei, Yaghoob Jafari, Linmei Shang, Arnim Kuhn The National and Regional Impact of the EU Bioeconomy Strategies on the Agri-Food Sector: Insights from Germany S. 73-90

„… demand, higher output production, and higher demand for primary factors used in this sector (land, labor …” „… such as detailed treatment of in-termediate and primary factor uses in the agricultural as those in …” „… endowments and output composition. A CET function allows transformation of national primary factors to …”

doi.org/10.51202/2191-4028-2023-02

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Schwingungen von Windenergieanlagen 2017

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (Hrsg.)

Reihe: VDI-Berichte

Band 2301 2017

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

J. M. Gallego-, J. Gardyn Secondary Damage Detection on Main Drive Train Meana, Components of WTGs – Lessons learnt from Field experience S. 61-76

„… factors. Currently, the focus is to monitor primarily the key rotating assets on a turbine, typically the …” „… wind turbines causing severe operational and economic consequences. The failure rate of non-primary …” „… components which are also more critical and the primary monitoring effort is put on them (e.g. bearings …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023013

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Methode zur Ökoeffizienzbewertung wärmetechnischer Anlagen in Gebäuden

René Stang

Reihe: Technische Gebäudeausrüstung

Band 6 2021

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XXII

„… efficiency – primary energy – primary energy factor – renewable energies – environmental performance – heat …” „… the future, the nonrenewable primary energy demand will not be sufficient as the only environmental …” „… procedure represents a forward-looking extension compared to the primary energy method. For the economic …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186006233

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Powertrain Systems in Mobile Machines 2022

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (Hrsg.)

Reihe: VDI-Berichte

Band 2402 2022

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E. Schobesberger The Off-Highway Machine of the future – concepts of alternative drive technologies S. 1-12

„… neutral in 2050, environmentally friendly produced primary energy in chemical form may have to be imported …” „… increase energy efficiency and to accelerate the introduction of low-emission drive systems, including the …” „… („Cradle-to-Grave“)  Construction machinery manufacturing (‘Cradle-to-Gate’)  Energy production (‘Well-to-Tank …”

F. Wohlfahrt, T. Göres, S. Terörde, L. Frerichs Decarbonization Strategies for Heavy Duty Harvesting Machinery S. 47-64

„… optimal uti-lization, efficiency of the primary energy supply and optimization of transmission efficiency …” „… %Volume-factorWeight-factorbasegroup 2: battery-electricgroup 3: liquid fuelsgroup 1: gaseous fuelsFig 3: Dimensions of alternative …” „… . Assuming high utilized long-haul truck a factor of ~3-9 higher utilization times occurs leading to …”

T. Bögel, T. Herlitzius Wann kommen elektrifizierte und sensorgesteuerte Antriebssystemmodule in der Landtechnik? S. 211-222

„… and vehicles is today largely based on internal combustion engines, in which the chemical energy bound …” „… energy density and the extensive availability of generation capacities and supply infrastructure. In …” „… in the provision and use of energy (climate pro-tection) - these goals are at the top of the …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024027

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International Conference on Gears 2023

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (Hrsg.)

Reihe: VDI-Berichte

Band 2422 2023

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

M. M. Klein Holistic Sustainability-Assessment of Gearboxes S. 815-828

„… the product lifecycle - Using recycled material instead of primary raw material reduces energy …” „… product development. No. Indicator Weighting factor[%]Rating Product A(-1 / 0 / +1)Rating Product B(-1 / 0 …” „… active resources like fossil energy sources and energy-intensive raw materials are focused. Therefore …”

B. Černe, N. Vukašinović, D. Zorko In-situ experimental methods for measuring tooth meshing displacements and wear during polymer gear tests using a high-speed camera with microscopy optics S. 1563-1580

„… ) method to experimentally measure the shear strain rate in the primary shear zone while performing …” „… . The main factors determining this error are the camera resolution and shutter speed, which both …” „… several factors that can influence the accuracy of the final measurements. First, the light source …”

P. Romio Spur Gear Teeth Reconstruction via Direct Laser Deposition S. 1641-1664

„… size. DLD is a Metal Additive Manufacturing (MAM) process that combines the material and energy …” „… temperature [5]. Fig. 1: DLD process using a laser beam as an energy source MAM repairs hold two distinct …” „… Wheel 118.36 . mm Module 4.5 mm Number of teeth Pinion 16Wheel 24Addendum modification factor Pinion …”

S. Sklenak, D. Mevissen, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher, B. Lenz, A. Mehner Analysis of Load Cycles and Local Wear of Dry and Solid-Lubricated Gears S. 727-740

„… rolling contact, an elastohydrodynamic lubricating film is built up in the tooth contact. The primary …” „… functions of this lubricating film are to reduce friction and to dissipate frictional energy. The liquid …” „… tooth flanks, local wear is already visually visible (Fig. 6). Local energy dispersive X-ray analysis …”

C. Karampatzakis, A. Mihailidis, A. Mantzaflaris, C. Provatidis Contact simulation of tooth flanks using Isogeometric Analysis S. 413-428

„… ] presents the isogeometric method in detail. Splines Splines are the primary mathematical entities used by …” „… parameter must be specified and with it the contact pressure is identified as . The system's total energy …” „… Factor from Equations for the Generated Tooth Root Fillet. Journal of Mechanisms, Transmissions, and …”

E. Grabovic, A. Artoni, M. Gabiccini, E. Ciulli Exploration of trade-offs between NVH and efficiency in bevel gear design S. 853-880

„… impacted by various factors, which can be categorized into two types: load-independent and load-dependent …” „… exist in the literature for evaluating friction-induced losses. The primary differences between these …” „… coefficient model and efficiency estimation 2.1 EHL friction There are a number of factors that influence …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024225

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Humanschwingungen 2020

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (Hrsg.)

Reihe: VDI-Berichte

Band 2370 2020

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

I. Maciejewski, T. Krzyzynski Computer-aided approach to the design of vibration reduction systems – Methods and procedures for the optimal configuration of non-linear system behaviour S. 175-184

„… energy that is transferred into the human body during operation. The engineering solution of passive …” „… reduction in a wide frequency range. Although they dissipate a significant amount of vibration energy in …” „… enhance dynamical properties of the horizontal seat suspension (Fig. 3b). Therefore the primary …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023709

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Commercial Vehicles 2023

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (Hrsg.)

Reihe: VDI-Berichte

Band 2417 2023

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

M. Wöhrmann The air must get out of the truck, bus and trailer – Why hydro-pneumatic suspension systems are the future for electrified vehicles S. 165-176

„… quantitative statement still remains. In summary, it can be stated that of the primary energy from the battery …” „… vehicle there is not as much energy available, or the capacity is an immense cost and weight factor …” „… system. At the end of this process, 69 percent of the primary energy is still available to perform a …”

X. Seykens, C. Bekdemir, P. van Gompel How can hydrogen combustion engines contribute to realizing climate targets? S. 105-122

„… total primary energy supply and composition of imported energy for EU in 2021. Data taken from [7 …” „… lower energy efficiency than battery-electric vehicles, the lower efficiency is justified by many …” „… and efficiency.Drivers for Hydrogen In the future energy system with electricity as the "backbone …”

R. Pütz European policy for future road vehicles – technological neutrality or ideological astray? S. 1-12

„… energy consumption and load planning factors at the same time, only the two options "EURO VI diesel …” „… processes of vehicle production (cradle-to-gate, CtG), energy supply (well-to-tank, WtT) and …” „… questionable, and the feasibility of an “energy transition” with an exclusive focus on domestic renewable …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024171

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Autonomous Systems 2017

Herwig Unger (Hrsg.), Wolfgang A. Halang (Hrsg.)

Reihe: Informatik/ Kommunikation

Band 857 2017

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Kamiba Kabuya Isaac, Muhindo Kule Mutengi On the Application of the COMPRAM Methodology for an Understanding of Societal Problems S. 245-256

„… investments in electrical energy production are all factors that limit the access. These same factors do not …” „… Abstract: Access to electricity is recognized as a primary and natural need, which is lacking in the …” „… 76 USD per MWh [8]. The SUSTAINABLE ENERGY FOR ALL (SE4ALL) projection for the DR Congo in 2030 …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186857101

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