VDI Verlag eLibrary

Grid-Based Object Tracking

Sascha Steyer

Series: Mess-, Steuerungs- und Regelungstechnik

Volume 1272 2021

Results in this title

„… 5 Object State Estimation The previous chapters have presented how measurement data are processed …” „… high-level object state estimation, i.e., the temporal filtering on the object-level. Thereby the associated …” „… object state estimation. A UKF-based estimation of the dynamic motion state is presented, where the …”

Introduction S. 1-12

„… only a part of the object state, a state estimation with a tracking over time is required for …” „… ). (f) Grid-based object tracking (temporally filtered object state estimation). (g)/(h) Camera images …” „… the object state estimation. To utilize the full potential of that approach, novel techniques are …”

Conclusion S. 165-168

„… , and object state estimation have been addressed in this work. Novel concepts have been proposed for …” „… information of the predicted tracks commonly fail. Object State Estimation: The associated occupied grid cells …” „… . However, as opposed to other object tracking approaches, the presented object state estimation has been …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XII

„… – Moving Object Detection – Object State Estimation – Object Tracking – Occupancy Grid Mapping – Sensor …” „… State Estimation for Highly Dynamic Maneuvers . . . . . 152 6.3.3 Object Shape Estimation and …” „… association N c ε ε-neighborhood of a cell c for density-based clustering Object State Estimation a …”

Evaluation S. 127-164

„… object state estimation as well as the object classification, is summarized in Fig. 6.2g. 6.1.3 Primary …” „… Highly Dynamic Maneuvers In this section, the dynamic state estimation of the object tracking is …” „… context of this thesis, together with the proposed object state estimation. Full Braking Scenario The …”

Object Extraction and Association S. 79-100

„… plausibility to further increase the robustness of the association. The object state estimation, including the …” „… object state estimation in Chapter 5. 4.3 Cell Association for Existing Object Tracks As motivated before …” „… association probability based on the predicted object state. (c) Estimation of the dynamic grid map. (d …”

Dynamic Grid Mapping and Particle Tracking S. 39-78

„… is filtered and thus correlated. Hence, as discussed in more detail in the object state estimation in …” „… particle tracking for the dynamic state estimation in changing environments with moving objects. The …” „… contradicting hypotheses. A particle-based velocity estimation is used to determine the dynamic state of the …”

Measurement Grid Representation and Fusion S. 13-38

„… radar-based object state estimation in Section 5.4, the position of the radar sensor origin xs is also …” „… the fixed world has a static state that does not change, i.e., no moving objects occur in the local …” „… detect moving objects as discussed separately in the dynamic grid estimation of the next chapter. The …”

Own Publications S. 169

„… Object Tracking with Nonlinear Dynamic State and Shape Estimation. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst …” „… Association for Grid-Based Object Tracking Using Particle Labeling. In Proc. IEEE Intell. Transp. Syst. Conf …” „… ., pages 3036–3043, 2018. [3] S. Steyer, G. Tanzmeister, and D. Wollherr. Object Tracking Based on …”

Bibliography S. 170-186

„… . Effertz. Improved object tracking from detailed shape estimation using object local grid maps with stereo …” „… filtering and nonlinear estimation. Proc. IEEE, 92(3):401–422, 2004. [56] R. Jungnickel and F. Korf. Object …” „… , and K. Dietmayer. Instantaneous full-motion estimation of arbitrary objects using dual Doppler radar …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186272089

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Object-Level Fusion for Surround Environment Perception in Automated Driving Applications

Michael Aeberhard

Series: Verkehrstechnik/Fahrzeugtechnik

Volume 804 2017

Results in this title

State and Covariance S. 64-92

„… the global object, as it can improve the accuracy of the global state estimation. At the same time, it …” „… from the idea of state-based estimation filter, where the states of an object are allowed to converge …” „… 4 State and Covariance The object model consists of a state estimate, x̂ and its error covariance P …”

Existence Probability S. 93-115

„… . Discussion Next to the estimation of an object’s state and covariance, it is just as important to calculate a …” „… . Another approach is to more loosely decouple existence probability estimation with state estimation, where …” „… processing flow of decoupled existence probability estimation and state estimation. In this section, a …”

Evaluation S. 133-151

„… consistency of the state estimation of the fused global object and the sensors. The 95% confidence interval is …” „… highways. Two main evaluation scenarios are considered: object estimation accuracy with ground truth data …” „… evaluate the state estimation, existence probability and classification against a single known vehicle in …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XVI

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 7.2.2 State Estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 7.2.3 Existence …” „… Normal vector to a decision boundary x State vector of an object xa State vector subset of x of an object …” „… includes the object’s dynamic state, existence probability and classification is defined as a …”

Synchronous Track-to-Track Fusion Algorithms S. 155-161

„… (A.1) can be seen as the current state estimation from sensor j z → E [ x | Zj ] = x̂j. (A.4) The …” „… predicted “measurement” z is the expected value of the state estimation from sensor j, but conditioned on …” „… global, state estimate after combining the state estimations from sensors i and j x̂G = x̂i +Pi ( Pi +Pj …”

Conclusion and Discussion S. 152-154

„… applications. A complete object representation is formulated, where object state, existence and classification …” „… setup with up to 12 sensors, where the state, existence and classification performance of the object …” „… a basis for a better estimation of an object’s shape and position [13, 146, 260], similar to the …”

Sensor Data Fusion Architectures S. 27-45

„… , and the dimension uncertainty, dSσ2 . Parallel to state vector estimation, the object’s existence …” „… for accurate state estimation fusion. Practicality Theory and practice can sometimes be quite a world …” „… suggest an object interface which is complete in terms of describing an object’s state, detection quality …”

Introduction S. 1-26

„… state, but also quality and uncertainty attributes such as its existence and classification. • Object …” „… an object’s dimensions. • A simple Bayes formulation for object existence estimation at the …” „… sensor existence estimation performance. • An example Gaussian approach to sensor-level object …”

References S. 172-202

„… ., “Improved Object Tracking from Detailed Shape Estimation Using Object Local Grid Maps with Stereo,” in IEEE …” „… Siegemund, J., “A Multi-Cue Approach for Stereo-Based Object Confidence Estimation,” in IEEE/RSJ …” „… Fusion for Full-Speed ACC State Estimation,” in 4th International Workshop on Intelligent Transportation …”

Classification S. 116-132

„… 6 Classification Besides the state and covariance estimation and the existence probability, the …” „… determined using a simple state machine or other method which keeps track if an object has moved or not. The …” „… 6.2 Fusion Discussion Classification estimation completes the object estimation problem as defined by …”

Evaluation Scenario Descriptions S. 167-171

„… , focusing on the collection of motorcycle object data. Another scenario, recorded in real highway traffic …” „… was used to collect data on typical highway traffic objects. In total, 15,920 cycles of data was …” „… surround object detection algorithms presented in this thesis. The ground truth consists of highly accurate …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186804129

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Graphical Model MAP Inference with Continuous Label Space in Computer Vision

Oliver Müller

Series: Informatik/ Kommunikation

Volume 860 2018

Results in this title

Related Work S. 15-24

„… the state-of-the-art in part-based object tracking and pose estimation in section 2.1. Following that …” „… automatically detected using previously trained object detectors. Object tracking and pose estimation are highly …” „… graphical models (PGMs) with a continuous state space. Retrieving the most probable pose or object …”

Introduction S. 1-14

„… objects. Furthermore, we evaluate our method on a state-of-the-art online object tracking benchmark …” „… graphical models. Our proposed multi-part object tracker framework is evaluated on a state-of-the-art online …” „… online object tracking. The focus is set on developing efficient inference algorithms in continuous state …”

Tracking S. 78-106

„… known approaches for pose estimation and detection of highly articulated objects such as humans. They …” „… . 5.3.1 Joint Pose Estimation and Segmentation Object tracking over a sequence of frames s = 1,...,S can …” „… . The second case is non-rigid object tracking with severe articulation. Here, bounding-box estimation …”

Conclusions S. 107-110

„… articulated objects. The first contribution of this thesis is the extension of the state-of-the-art on …” „… inference in continuous-state probabilistic graphical models (PGMs) has been adressed. The guiding …” „… state-of-the-art inference methods and the incorporation of prior knowledge about the factor potentials of the PGM …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XIV

„… patch i x indicator vector over object poses X pose pose state space X seg segmentation state space y …” „… online tracking, visual object tracking, pose estimation XIV Symbols and Notation Kurzfassung Das Ziel …” „… Objektverfolgung – Poseschätzung This thesis deals with monocular object tracking from video sequences. The goal is …”

Stochastic Inference in Probabilistic Graphical Models S. 56-77

„… joint state space requires an infeasibly large number of particles due to the curse of dimensionality. b …” „… with a state-of-the-art convergent message-passing algorithm. This increases global consensus of the …” „… ) Assuming discrete and finite state spaces Y l, one can in Eq. (4.3) factor out the max-operation over Y l …”

Fundamentals S. 25-55

„… with small letters (e.g. x), from a (measurable) state space x ∈ X . Let p(x) denote either a …” „… of a random variable Xs is denoted with xs and X s is its state space such that xs ∈ X s. The joint …” „… realization, or configuration, of G is x = (x1, ..., x|V|)T, and the joint state space is the cartesian …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186860101

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Prediction based activation of vehicle safety systems – A contribution to improve occupant safety by validation of pre-crash information and crash severity plus restraint strategy prediction

Gerald Sequeira

Series: Verkehrstechnik/Fahrzeugtechnik

Volume 817 2022

Results in this title

State of the Art S. 8-25

„… measure of ease to112. State of the Artdetect a particular object using radar. Two vehicles of the same …” „… , orientation and velocities. Hence, estimating the stateof the objects in the future based on their states …” „… representing the shape of212. State of the Artthe vehicle. Another technique for estimation of vehicle geometry …”

Introduction S. 1-7

„… estimationmodule is to estimate the object parameters such as geometry, velocity, angleof approach and position …” „… informationto predict the forward-in-time or future states of the vehicle’s surroundings. Sometimes inliterature …” „… throughsensors to the safety actuators through different subsystems such as data fusionand object parameter …”

Opponent-object Geometry: Simplification and Estimation S. 54-87

„… Chapter 4Opponent-object Geometry:Simplification and EstimationAbstractA novel methodology for …” „… . (4.18)694. Opponent-object Geometry: Simplification and EstimationFigure 4.5: Geometrical representation of …” „… )+ 2efp′ + f 2 − r2fe = 0. (4.55)754. Opponent-object Geometry: Simplification and EstimationFigure 4.6 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-X

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524 Opponent-object Geometry: Simplification and Estimation 544.1 Geometry of objects in vehicle’s …” „… – CrashschwereschätzungKeywords: Predictive Safety System – Crash Validation – Restraint Strategy prediction – Contour estimation …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 State of the Art 82.1 Passive safety sensors …”

References S. 126-162

„… , ‘Comparison and evaluation of algorithms forlidar-based contour estimation in integrated vehicle safety,’ IEEE …” „… . Sequeira, S. Afraj, M. Surve, and T. Brandmeier, ‘Lidar point cloudanalysis for vehicle contour estimation …” „… severity estimation in frontal crash scenarios,’ IOPConference Series: Materials Science and Engineering …”

Crash Severity and Restraint Strategy Prediction S. 88-122

„… opponent class estimated bythe data fusion and object parameter estimation module (refer to Figure 1.3 …” „… an ego-vehicle and 5 opponent objects (two pas-senger cars, two pedestrians, and one cyclist) in the …” „… the objects is inevitable. The objects with which the collision of ego-vehicleis inevitable are termed …”

Validation of Pre-Crash Information S. 26-53

„… parameter estimation and further reducethe variation and uncertainties in the crash parameters to the …” „… InductionA magnet is an object that has a special property to attract certain materials suchas iron, steel …” „… crash applications). In thenormal driving state, there is no electrical contact between the elements of …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186817129

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Messunsicherheit praxisgerecht bestimmen 2017 und Prüfprozesse in der industriellen Praxis 2017

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2319 2017

Results in this title

B. Naujoks, T. Engler, M. Michaelis, H.-J. Wuensche Measurement Uncertainty and its Influence on Dynamic Object Tracking in Autonomous Driving S. 111-122

„… algorithms since decades [1, 2]. Dynamic object tracking can be seen as an estimation problem, which …” „… determines the value of an unknown quantity, the state of the dynamic object, from several observations. The …” „… The Kalman Filter is an optimal estimator for linear state estimation problems. Unfortunately, only …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023198

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Bayesian Environment Representation, Prediction, and Criticality Assessment for Driver Assistance Systems

Matthias Schreiner

Series: Verkehrstechnik/Fahrzeugtechnik

Volume 797 2016

Results in this title

Summary and Outlook S. 207-211

„… dynamic object map. The result is a dynamic object map with estimated state vectors of extended objects …” „… consists of dynamic object maps for the representation of dynamic entities in combination with Parametric …” „… other parametric maps is that not objects are described explicitly but the absence of objects in form of …”

Grid Mapping in Dynamic Environments S. 67-102

„… objects directly. These are filtered from the static map to get a better pose estimation within SLAM. In …” „… , 229], where grid cells are associated with object states and predicted within the map. A subsequent …” „… w)T . The states consist of object center position x, y in the grid map-fixed coordinate system …”

Introduction S. 1-5

„… that can be triggered purely based on the ego vehicle’s states, which are estimated with the help of …” „… Assistance Systems (ADAS) have been developed, which 2 1 Introduction additionally consider the state of the …” „… efficient, sensor-independent way? These two questions relate to the representation and estimation of the …”

Bibliography S. 221-254

„… . Effertz. Improved Object Tracking from Detailed Shape Estimation Using Object Local Grid Maps with Stereo …” „… to Nonlinear/Non-Gaussian Bayesian State Estimation. Radar and Signal Processing, 140(2):107–113, Apr …” „… , The Netherlands, June 2001. [232] D. Simon. Optimal State Estimation: Kalman, H∞, and Nonlinear …”

Parametric Free Space Maps S. 103-131

„… estimation, related work on this topic is discussed first. The PFS mapping itself consists of a free space …” „… overview of related work on the topic free space detection and estimation is first given in the following …” „… enclosing relevant static free space shown in green. The already treated dynamic object map is additionally …”

Prediction and Criticality Assessment S. 132-191

„… filter as an adequate estimation of the additional states and parameters becomes difficult within the …” „… at intersections are built and a probabilistic online matching of observed object states to saved …” „… robust against state estimation uncertainties, the authors of [169] point out that the prediction quality …”

Bayesian Inference for Nonlinear Filtering Tasks S. 18-66

„… 1:k−1). (3.3c) As measurements at time k − 1 do not depend on object states at later times, the …” „… is normally set to zero for state estimation, while the non-negative scaling parameter βU is used to …” „… behavior pattern of an object has to be estimated together with its states simultaneously.23 Various …”

Environment Representations for ADAS S. 6-17

„… . Subsequently, the proposed representation is introduced, which combines dynamic object maps with a novel …” „… field of intelligent vehicles, it is a known fact [92] that solely sparse object-based environment …” „… sites [155], or with respect to arbitrary elevated objects [25]. However, an established interface for …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186797124

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Bausubstanz

Browse Volumes: Bausubstanz

Bausubstanz Volume 2 (2011) Issue 1 ISSN Online: 2190-4278

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Andrey G. Bulakh, Valentin M. Marugin, Anatoly A. Zolotarev, Anton I. Savchenok Restoration of two mansions faced with German Sandstone in St. Petersburg. Qualimetrical estimation of results" S. 56-60

„… objects? Do the estimation calculati-ons always give the positive result? In order to approach the answers …” „… condition and ar-tistic features of an object are being separately estimated. Using these estimations, the …” „… Kushelev-Bezborodko‘s Palace. The article deals with another two objects under restoration, viz. The Foreign Trade Bank …”

doi.org/10.51202/2190-4278-2011-1

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Grid-based Environment Estimation for Local Autonomous Vehicle Navigation

Georg Tanzmeister

Series: Mess-, Steuerungs- und Regelungstechnik

Volume 1246 2016

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Introduction S. 1-9

„… concepts. Information about the static and the dynamic objects with their corresponding states in the local …” „… all road accidents are caused by human errors [53, 134]. A study of the United States National Highway …” „… feasible path from a start to a goal state. In classic robotic applications, the map typically holds the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XIV

„… Regelungstechnik Reihe 8 Grid-based Environment Estimation for Local Autonomous Vehicle Navigation Lehrstuhl …” „… Martin Buss Grid-based Environment Estimation for Local Autonomous Vehicle Navigation Georg Tanzmeister …” „… Estimation for Local Autonomous Vehicle Navigation Dipl .-Ing. Georg Tanzmeister, München Mess …”

Evaluation S. 102-122

„… done by many state-of-the-art grid-based road course estimation approaches, instead of using motion …” „… can be found by the road course estimation. With the static map from GTAM, the dynamic objects are …” „… estimation system. In addition to the qualitative results given in Chapter 2 and Chapter 5, quantitative …”

Detection of Principal Moving Directions S. 40-63

„… boundary. The road course estimation, which will be presented in Chapter 5, is also based upon the …” „… underlying system—an autonomous vehicle. This enables estimations of good quality even with sparse road …” „… collision-free path or trajectory from one specific start state to one or several specific goal states [96]. In …”

Conclusion S. 123-126

„… principal moving directions, workspace cost evaluation for motion planning, and road course estimation have …” „… static, which leads to map errors in dynamic environments. If dynamic objects are mistaken for static …” „… Bayesian occupancy grid. An obvious way to remove moving objects and their artifacts in occupancy grids is …”

Grid-based Tracking and Mapping S. 10-39

„… environment and a list of objects the dynamic environment. This chapter presents a combined estimation of the …” „… algorithms. Additionally, many recognition tasks, such as road course estimation, often build upon a filtered …” „… allows representing arbitrary object shapes and data association, i.e., the problem of determining …”

Bibliography S. 137-154

„… . Lidoris, D. Wollherr, and M. Buss, “Bayesian state estimation and behavior selection for autonomous …” „… . 400–406. [19] Q. Baig and O. Aycard, “Improving moving objects tracking using road model for laser data …” „… . Bouzouraa and U. Hofmann, “Fusion of occupancy grid mapping and model based object tracking for driver …”

Road Course and Road Boundary Estimation S. 87-101

„… one that is proposed. 5.1.1 State of the Art The majority of road boundary estimation methods uses …” „… 5 Road Course and Road Boundary Estimation The road course with its road boundaries is an essential …” „… . Although it is commonly stored in a map during an offline process [1], an online sensorbased estimation is …”

Configuration Space Costs: Cost Evaluation on Workspace Cost Maps S. 64-86

„… compact representation of the objects in the local environment of the robot exists. Since computing a good …” „… against the dynamic world, such as moving objects, both of which are quite different. In collision …” „… avoidance with dynamic objects, such as other vehicles, prediction is a key problem. Since for most cases a …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186246080

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Autonomous Systems 2019: An Almanac

Herwig Unger (ed.)

Series: Informatik/ Kommunikation

Volume 864 2019

Results in this title

X. Xu, C. Yuan, Z. Li A Comparative Study of Visual and Visual-inertial SLAM S. 171-174

„… the positions of a moving robot in an unknown environment. With itsroot in probabilistic state …” „… estimation, the SLAM (simultaneous localization andmapping) approach combines the interconnected processes of …” „… the locations of 3D points that belong to objects in the environment.For outdoor environments, one can …”

M. Hloch, M. Kubek Sequential Clustering using Centroid Terms S. 72-88

„… similar objects to appear in thesame cluster. In the past, a large quantity of clustering algorithms has …” „… this approach doesn’t seem to beadequate as it requires an estimation process. Even those clustering …” „… algorithm [6] is due to its performance and good cluste-ring results used as the state of the art reference …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186864109

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Automation 2023

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2419 2023

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Z. Shi, F. Baer, Z. Xu, S. Zheng Challenges of Robotic-based Intelligent Placing S. 639-654

„… object identification and segmentation, object pose estimation, grasp pose estimation, place pose …” „… feature-based methods in object segmentation, localization, and pose estimation, as discussed in a review by Du …” „… object pose estimation. Kit-Net proposed by Devgon et al. tackles the picking and placing problem as an …”

W. Guo, W. Sun, D. Vrucak, I. Garmaev, T. Kleinert, B. Friedrich, K. Greiff Strukturierung der Datenerhebung für die Recyclingphase: Recycelbare Metalle von Smartphones S. 805-818

„… model for recyclable materials in smartphones and an estimation model for recyclable materi-als to …” „… provide more information for the recycling phase. The proposed estimation model can roughly estimate the …” „… solution to the challenge of limited product data by proposing a data model and an estimation model for …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024195

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Visual Motion Processing

Thomas Guthier

Series: Mess-, Steuerungs- und Regelungstechnik

Volume 1251 2016

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Optical Flow Estimation S. 58-88

„… 58 4 Optical Flow Estimation As discussed in the introduction, motion is an useful source of …” „… consistently, thus motion patterns are highly correlated to the underlying structure of the moving object …” „… independent of preprocessing such as key-point or object detection that are necessary for trajectories or …”

Conclusion S. 126-131

„… Network (FFNN) for biological motion recognition, the optical flow estimation (VNMF-OFE) and the learned …” „… estimation or for learning gradient or optical flow patterns, guides the underlying optimization problem to …” „… Estimation (VNMF-OFE) The motion analysis starts on the small scale with the estimation of the optical flow …”

Introduction S. 1-11

„… spatio-temporally arranged objects, like trees, books, clouds, as well as recognizing and understanding complex …” „… patterns get larger in size and increasingly object specific. The patterns in the first layer might …” „… thus represent increasingly complex structures, like object parts. In the final layer, there are object …”

Computational Model S. 12-25

„… stream that processes motion information locates the object. This thesis differs concerning this …” „… of both channels to biological motion recognition, including the subtasks of optical flow estimation …” „… states, all while whatching only lighted dots, without an explicitly represented shape or texture, as …”

Feature Extraction S. 89-115

„… parts, such as the eyebrows or the lips, are strongly related to emotional states. Face movements are …” „… underlying optical flow estimation, which unfortunately is not able to preserve all detailed movements of the …” „… Loewe [70] for object recognition. In the following the similarities and differences between the HOG/HOF …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186251084

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Detection of Moving Objects for Aerial Surveillance of Arbitrary Terrain

Marco Munderloh

Series: Informatik/ Kommunikation

Volume 847 2016

Results in this title

Introduction S. 1-9

„… 1 1 Introduction The detection and segmentation of moving objects in video sequences is a common …” „… . something is moving in a specific area, unusual behavior of people, or abandoned objects. In a static camera …” „… subtraction instead. This eliminates noise and temporarily visible objects from the reference and enables an …”

Summary and Conclusions S. 93-96

„… frames of the video sequence, where moving objects are detected as displacements not consistent with a …” „… moving objects and outliers directly on the displacement vector field between two frames of the video …” „… of the object compared to the ground plane. These relief displacements are radial to the nadir point …”

Experiments S. 73-92

„… 73 5 Experiments In this chapter, different techniques and methods of moving object detection in …” „… the (sparse) optical flow taken from tracked feature points. Hereby, the state-of-the-art RANSAC …” „… 4.2 and the motion parallax predictor classifier from Equation 3.55 in Chapter 3.6. Moving objects are …”

Bibliography S. 97-106

„… Motion Compensation: An Estimation-Theoretic Approach. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 3:693–699 …” „… library. URL: http://xfig.org. [13] Y.-C. Chung and Z. He. Low-Complexity and Reliable Moving Objects …” „… and M. Spann. Robust optical flow estimation based on a sparse motion trajectory set. IEEE …”

Basic Principles S. 10-33

„… systems are introduced which describe the global position of the camera and all objects in the scene in …” „… followed by discussing the process of motion extraction and model estimation from image sequences as well …” „… all objects and all cameras. A diffuse ambient lighting is assumed to make the model invariant to …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186847102

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Backprojection Autofocus of Large Ships with Arbitrary Motion for Synthetic Aperture Radar

Aron Sommer

Series: Informatik/ Kommunikation

Volume 867 2020

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Conclusions S. 112-116

„… states. We tackled both problems in this thesis by using the fast factorized backprojection (FBP …” „… ships with arbitrary motions robustly for all sea states. The well known FBP algorithm combines similar …” „… profiles causes range errors and thus a peak amplitude loss and ghost targets of all objects, which result …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-X

„… backprojection – imaging of moving objects – phase errors – autofocus – regularization – spotmode – stripmap-mode …” „… , which was not possible by state-of-the-art autofocus techniques before. Bibliographische Information …” „… Computation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 3.4 Image Error Estimation …”

Autofocus of Large Ships with Arbitrary Motion S. 75-111

„… estimation of each component 4.5 state-of-the-art autofocus of ships 89 of the stacked phase error vector φǫ …” „… of several seconds. All state-of-the-art autofocus techniques like the phase gradient algorithm …” „… autofocus technique is able to estimate the non-linear motion of a ship independent of the sea state and for …”

Introduction S. 1-12

„… ; Hü04b] used microwaves to measure the distance to a metallic object. The first commercial radar …” „… distances to objects in a small angular view. It locates airplanes by transmitting an electromagnetic wave …” „… introduction radar pulse hits an object, for example, an airplane, the antenna receives an echo after a short …”

Optimization of Fast Factorized Backprojection S. 40-74

„… errors are lower than the state-of-the-art [UHS03; Rib12] estimation errors. This second real data …” „… state-of-the-art rules [UHS03; Rib12]. In contrast to state-of-the-art rules, we allow a variable aperture …” „… with state-of-the-art rules. Furthermore, we estimate the quality more precisely. 3.1 fast factorized …”

Basics of Backprojection Image Reconstruction S. 13-39

„… electromagnetic waves are reflected by some objects on the ground or by the ground itself and reach the receiver …” „… the transmitted wave is reflected by objects in the 13 14 basics of backprojection image …” „… separate the data, which contains information about moving objects from the data, which contains the static …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186867100

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Higher-Order Multiple Object Tracking

Roberto D. Henschel

Series: Informatik/ Kommunikation

Volume 875 2021

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Conclusions S. 165-171

„… 5 Conclusions This work addresses the multiple object tracking problem (MOT): Using sensor data …” „… , all objects of a common object class are to be localized and, additionally, their motion history is to …” „… behavior analysis. Therefore, multiple object tracking has been a focus of research for a long time and …”

Introduction S. 1-32

„… understanding of the environment is the localization of all objects of a specified object class and the …” „… Object Tracking (MOT) or Multiple People Tracking (MPT) if only humans are to be tracked. Figure 1.1 …” „… : Exemplary application of multiple object tracking: Tracking soccer players for performance analyses (see …”

Bibliography S. 172-196

„… , and Luc Van Gool. “Coupled detection and trajectory estimation for multi-object tracking”. In …” „… . Tracking the trackers: an analysis of the state of the art in multiple object tracking. 2017. arXiv …” „… Automation (ICRA). 2018. [6] Gültekin Gündüz and Tankut Acarman. “A lightweight online multiple object …”

Fundamentals S. 33-79

„… . In the following, we introduce three state-of-the-art object detectors that have been used throughout …” „… and computer vision, especially discrete optimization, machine learning, and object detection. This …” „… detections to the same object. Also, during the evaluation of a tracking method, edges are selected in order …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186875105

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LAND.TECHNIK 2020

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2374 2020

Results in this title

P. Riegler-Nurscher, J. Prankl, M. Vincze, H. Prankl A review on plant and soil properties estimation using ground-based computer vision techniques in the visible spectrum S. 353-360

„… A review on plant and soil properties estimation using ground-based computer vision techniques in …” „… , Wieselburg Abstract The estimation of plant and soil properties is the basis for sustainable …” „… , open challenges, solutions and trends for the estimation of soil and plant properties are discussed …”

D. Cook, J. Viramontes ROS2 for Autonomous Agriculture Applications S. 103-130

„… , Winnipeg, Canada The state of the industry for autonomous machines for agricultural applications is in …” „… functions and features needed in robotics, such as localization, pose estimation, mapping, navigation, and …” „… : Similar in concept to ROS1, a topic identifies a data-object between a data writer and a data reader. A …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023747

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