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A Reference Model for the Integration of Agent Orientation in the Operative Environment of Automation Systems

Liyong Yu

Series: Mess-, Steuerungs- und Regelungstechnik

Volume 1248 2016

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Specification of a General Procedure Description Method S. 77-94

„… 5 Specification of a General Procedure Description Method The introduction in Chapter 4 shows that …” „… the existing Procedure Description Methods (PDM) are only partially suitable as a general approach for …” „… FBagent model presented in Chapter 3, a general procedure description method will be proposed in this …”

Usability Analysis of Existing Procedure Description Methods S. 54-76

„… 4 Usability Analysis of Existing Procedure Description Methods 4 Usability Analysis of Existing …” „… Procedure Description Methods Automation agents introduced in Section 2.5 and Chapter 3 need to observe …” „… automation runtime environment. Additionally, to support the procedure description in Composed Function …”

Conclusions and Outlook S. 124-126

„… and sequencebased procedures, existing Procedure Description Methods (PDMs) in industrial automation …” „… developed. Most existing procedure description methods are developed for specific application domains and …” „… State Chart, however, focuses on the description of simple automation procedures which have no …”

Introduction S. 1-2

„… procedure description methods. Chapter 5 specifies a general procedure description method which combines …” „… in agents. Chapter 6 presents prototypes of the agent model and of the general procedure description …” „… dissertation, is the selection of appropriate description methods for describing continuous functions and …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-X

„… , ISSN 0178-9546, ¤ 57,00/VDI-Mitgliederpreis ¤ 51,30. Keywords: Agent Systems – Procedure Description …” „… modularity, service-oriented interaction and procedure description provide a base for the development of …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 4 Usability Analysis of Existing Procedure Description Methods 54 4.1 Finite State Automaton …”

Specification of a Reference Model for Automation Agents S. 28-53

„… in agents. Additionally, mechanisms for registration, exploration, description, invocation, and …” „… specific requirements on engineering in process control, description methods for continuous and procedural …” „… ); internal structuring and description methods (Section 3.5); service interfaces (Section 3.6); knowledge …”

Case Study S. 107-123

„… Figure 7.6. The introduction in this section has indicated that the general procedure description method …” „… production procedures, engineering activities, diagnostic measures etc. The process control of the SAF plant …” „… (FBD). Sequential procedures (e.g. control sequences) and statebased procedures (e.g. state machines …”

Bibliography S. 127-138

„… procedure description method for industrial automation,” ETFA2013: 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies …” „… . [7] VDI/VDE 3681 Guideline: Classification and evaluation of description methods in automation and …” „… 61512-2: Batch control - Part 1: Models and terminology, 2002. [10] ISA-106 TR01: Procedure Automation for …”

Basics of Process Automation S. 3-27

„… for the procedure description method in Chapter 5. 2.2.1 Basics Systems (e.g. DCS, production plant …” „… Block Diagramm (FBD), and • one programming languages for procedures: Sequential Function Chart (SFC …” „… , functional description, alarm monitoring etc.). The description from a certain perspective (or aspect) can be …”

Prototypical Implementation S. 95-106

„… . Every serviceInbox has a STRING variable which holds the textual description of the service. The class …” „… description the service and manages all operations arranged under this service. As introduced in Section 3.6 …” „… was first applied for the description of a visualization model [103]. A theoretical research on a …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186248084

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Ein Referenzmodell zur Beschreibung allgemeiner Prozeduren im leittechnischen Umfeld

Andreas Heinrich Schüller

Series: Mess-, Steuerungs- und Regelungstechnik

Volume 1254 2016

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XML-Repräsentation des Referenzmodells S. 125-133

„… 1" RefBaseSystemUnitPath=" ProcedureBaseSUCL/Trans i t i on "> <Description>Id l e to …” „… Name="T2" RefBaseSystemUnitPath=" ProcedureBaseSUCL/Trans i t i on "> <Description>Running to I d l …” „… " RefBaseSystemUnitPath=" ProcedureBaseSUCL/Trans i t i on "> <Description>Running to Step HoldDescription …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XIV

„… beings can also interpret informal requests. The existing procedure description languages will be …” „… pyramid. In this work, a reference model for procedure descriptions is developed that describes the common …” „… of the procedure description can thus select a personally optimized representation without the need …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 134-150

„… Literaturverzeichnis [197] Yu, L.; Grüner, S. und Epple, U. (2013). An Engineerable Procedure Description Method for …” „… integration between process modeling descriptions at Business and Production levels-work in progress. In INCOM …” „… von Automatisierungssystemen. Berlin: Logos-Verlag. [81] ISA TR 106 (2013). Procedure Automation for …”

Referenzmodell S. 67-87

„… DescriptionModel VisualizationModel ProcedureElement GraphicalElement depiction rule 1..*12 0..*1 1 …” „… . Kapitel 2.5.1, S. 16) und Prozeduraufruf (ProcedureCall) erben (siehe Abbildung 4.6). Ein Dienstaufruf …” „… + parameter[]: String ProcedureCall + address: String + parameter[]: String + request: String …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186254085

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Automation 2020

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2375 2020

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S. Grüner, M. Hoernicke, G. Fachinger, J. Grothoff, S. Cordes, A. Fay Cross-Industry State of the Art Analysis of Modular Automation S. 899-914

„… description and process orchestration differ across the industries. This paper is a state-of-the-art analysis …” „… module description and process orchestration differ across the industries. This fact increases the …” „… different information models and types of description in manufacturing and process industry. However today …”

L. Bittorf, N. Kockmann, P. da Silva Santos, K. Stark, M. Hoernicke, T. Holm, A. Stutz, M. Eckert, A. Menschner, A. Klose, S. Merkelbach, L. Urbas Demonstratoren für dienstgesteuerte modulare Prozesseinheiten und deren effiziente Orchestrierung S. 129-144

„… manufacturer-independent interface description of aspects of the PEA automation is required for the integration of the …” „… chapter. Module Type Package The module type package (MTP) is the automation interface description of …” „… supports this process. A detailed VDI-Berichte Nr. 2375, 2020 131 description of requirements for a …”

K. Stark, M. Hollender, M. Vach, M. Hoernicke Modulmanagementsystem zur Verwaltung von PEAs S. 181-196

„… least one procedure, which can be seen as a kind of sub-service: For example, the service ‘Dosing’ can …” „… have ‘Dosing-Continuous’ and ‘Dosing-Batch’ as procedures and the service ‘Tempering’ can have …” „… ‘Cooling’ and ‘Heating’ as procedures. For the POL to conFig. the procedure, a procedure can have …”

A. Stutz, M. Maurmaier, M. Birkenkamp, T. Kohlenberg, A. Pomraenke, G. König, S. Erben, C. Brehm, B. Gut, V. Buleac, T. Scherwietes, H. Bloch Concept and Application for operator-centric diagnosis within modular plants – Concept Report of ZVEI/NAMUR Task Force 4.1.1 S. 197-214

„… Principle Description (1) Functional Abstraction Working with service module functionality instead of …” „… itself in a set of interfaces and a partial information model in the offline description package …” „… , service/procedures, and PEA level. On the component level, individual devices, but also virtual sensors and static …”

M. Glawe, L. Feeken, B. Wudka, C.-Y. Kao, E. Mirzaei, T. Weinhold, A. Szanto Towards resilient Factories of Future – Defining required capabilities for a resilient Factory of Future S. 755-768

„… degree of digitalization of procedures in the production process and of connection and interaction of …” „… . Based on the Use-Case description, the following required FoF capabilities can be derived: It shall …” „… .” [5] To create such Misuse-Cases basing on the Use-Case descriptions, risk assessments were performed …”

T. Müller, N. Jazdi, M. Weyrich Intelligentes Rekonfigurationsmanagement selbstorganisierter Produktionssysteme in der diskreten Fertigung S. 517-530

„… , “Formal resource and capability descriptions supporting rapid reconfiguration of assembly systems,” in …” „… . [10] E. Järvenpää, N. Siltala, O. Hylli, and M. Lanz, “Capability matchmaking procedure to support …”

S. Baer, F. Baer, D. Turner, S. Pol, T. Meisen Integration of a Reactive Scheduling Solution using Reinforcement Learning in a Manufacturing System S. 645-658

„… a state containing a description of the environment and information regarding their position and …” „… so-called skill-matching procedure in order management. The MES then receives product requirements from …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023754

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Drivetrain for Vehicles 2017

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2313 2017

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M. Hein, C. Kunze, J.-K. Lee, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Customer-focused modular lest procedure for driveline#components S. 41-42

„… Customer-focused modular test procedure for driveline components Dipl.-Ing. Michael Hein …” „… Einsatz in verschiedenen GM- Prüfzentren vorbereitet. Abstract Content of this paper is the description …” „… of the development process of a new test procedure for torque transfer durability. It is developed …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023136

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Commercial Vehicles 2023

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2417 2023

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F. Beringhoff, C. Rösener A Method for Automatic Test Realization for Automated Vehicles S. 179-190

„… need for automated procedures is clear, TA is still not ubiquitous in practice and needs further …” „… , chapter 2 discusses why it is difficult to automate testing procedures and where areas of challenges are …” „… tests on HiL test benches Automating the test procedures comes with many challenges. Without claiming …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024171

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Sichere Handhabung brennbarer Stäube 2017

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2314 2017

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G. van Laar Findings at recent dust explosion incidents S. 131-140

„… , selection of equipment and safety procedures. For each incident guidance is given what could be done to …” „… . VDI-Berichte Nr. 2314, 2017 131 3. Wood fiber dust explosions: Particle board plant Description In this …” „… needed to be cleaned. Most likely cause During shut-down procedures the lower oxygen content of …”

A. Leksin, U. Barth Brennbarer Staub im quasi-stationären Zustand Auftreten – Ausmaß – Beurteilung S. 69-76

„… Prüfapparatur. Abstract A description about the combustion behavior for dust in fluid beds with the result …” „… “quasistationary state“ in the updated VDI-Guideline 2263 deserves particularly mentioning. A detailed description …” „… of the modified burning test instrument and the test procedure is provided in the reworked …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023143

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The hierarchical finite cell method for nonlinear problems: Moment fitting quadratures, basis function removel, and remeshing

Simeon Hubrich

Series: Mechanik/Bruchmechanik

Volume 355 2021

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A remeshing strategy for the FCM S. 124-149

„… process, thus resulting in a bad parametric description of the deformation. Usually, the degenerated cells …” „… decrease the accuracy of the analysis and affect the convergence behavior of the Newton-Raphson procedure …” „… during the remeshing procedure can be carried out by simply employing Cartesian grids or structured …”

Introduction S. 1-5

„… result of this behavior, the simulation is usually aborted because the Newton-Raphson procedure does not …” „… . Further, we propose an optimization procedure in order to solve the nonlinear moment fitting equation …” „… equilibrium. • Chapter 3 provides a brief description of the FCM. In doing so, we first motivate the essential …”

Moment fitting quadratures S. 36-78

„… description of the geometry or geometrical features – e.g. voids, material inclusions, or cracks – of the …” „… system applying an optimization procedure. In doing so, the number of the points could be reduced further …” „… procedure. Based on the position of the points the corresponding initial weights are computed by means of …”

The finite cell method S. 23-35

„… nonlinear problems in solid mechanics, approximation procedures have to be applied in order to solve the …” „… detailed description of the hierarchic shape functions is given in the textbook by Szabó and Babuška [86 …” „… subcells. This procedure is repeated for each cut subcell Ωsc until the final refinement level (k = 4 …”

Basic elements of continuum mechanics S. 6-22

„… in Wriggers [74] and Neto et al. [78]. 2.1 Kinematics Kinematics provides a description of the motion …” „… Eulerian description of motion. While the Eulerian description is widely used in fluid mechanics, the …” „… Lagrangian description is mostly applied in the context of structural (or solid) mechanics. Since we are …”

Basis function removal for the FCM S. 79-123

„… on the Gram-Schmidt procedure. In the context of the generalized finite element method, Babuška and …” „… procedure. In doing so, the basis functions have a function value of one at the boundary and form a …” „… strain energy density function. A brief description of the constitutive model is provided in Sec. 2.3.2 …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186355188

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Automation 2022

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2399 2022

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S. Grüner, M. Hoernicke Orchestrierung hybrider Anlagen – auf dem Weg zur Integration von PackML Komponenten in Modulare Anlagen S. 307-318

„… Devices[System]description …” „… dule Engineering[Software System]Provides data[technology]Controls[technology]Historian[Software System]description ofsystemLegacy DCS system[System]description ofsystemData[technology]Communication[technology]Engineering RuntimeControls[OPC UA] Fig. 1: MTP-centric Co-Existence Architecture (systems components in …” „… MTP’s automatic external operation mode. Services and Procedures Conceptual comparison of MTP and …”

W. Li, M. Winter, C. Roos, T. Kleinert Strukturgraph der Produktion – Ein Konzept für Prozessdatenintegration und -analyse mit Anwendungsbeispielen S. 355-370

„… procedures, provides information on deployed equipment, production processes, measuring systems and their …” „… processes [19], which consists of a formal description language [5] with partitioned sub-processes of in …” „… description of the Structure Graph of Production (SGP) to systematically model elements of a production system …”

C. Song, M. Gärtler, B. Klöpper Phasenidentifikation von Batch-Prozessen durch aktives Lernen S. 625-636

„… labels. The mathematical description reads: x∗ arg max∈1 ? ?|? arg min∈? ?|? , Equation 1 where ?∗ is the …” „… the same procedure in Section 3.1, the class weight option is enabled for all three classifiers. The …”

G. Cainelli, L. Underberg, L. Rauchhaupt Framework for bringing wireless communication into the context of Industrie 4.0 S. 31-44

„… hand, the active part consists of procedures and algo-rithms performed by the AAS. The active part is …” „… parameters must be included in the virtual description of the assets. For that, the manufacturers of 5G …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023990

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Automation 2019

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2351 2019

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J. C. Wehrstedt, B. Groos, W. Klein, V. Malik, S. Rothbauer, M. Zeller, S. Weiß, B. Böhm, J. Brings, M. Daun, B. Caesar, A. Fay, C. Hung Koo, M. Vorderer A Seamless Description Approach for Engineering Methods Illustrated for Industrie 4.0 Scenarios S. 465-480

„… A Seamless Description Approach for Engineering Methods Illustrated for Industrie 4.0 Scenarios …” „… following challenges: How to include automated safety approval procedures in the production process …” „… following the description of the PBBs is given: Context and Scenario Modeling D: In this PBB, the …”

T. Schenk, A. Botero Halblaub, R. Rosen, T. Heinzerling, J. Mädler, A. Klose, S. Hensel, L. Urbas, C. Schäfer, S. Bröcker Co-Simulation-based virtual Commissioning for modular process plants – Requirements, Framework and Support-Toolchain for a Virtual Automation Testing Environment S. 229-242

„… the most mature and adopted standard interface for the description of the PEA automation is the …” „… module type package (MTP) defined by NAMUR [2]. The MTP provides a description of all services, an …” „… time-consuming commissioning procedure. Important goals of virtual commissioning on plant level are the test of …”

D. Sun, S. Willmann, S. Sathananthan, S. Hoch, D. Gamrad, A. Gladisch, E. Simsek, J. Myrzik Deep Auto-encoder-based Approach for Dependability Assessment of Industrial Wireless Network S. 1047-1070

„… activation relu relu relu relu tanh * Description: E1 means the first layer of encoder, the following D1 …” „… procedures where digital solutions are brought into, it is not only changing the technology landscape of a …” „… which ways the digitalization could bring benefits to these procedures. When this aspect is already …”

T. Gamer, B. Kloepper, M. Hoernicke, V. Biagini, M. Subasic, C. Gross Autonome Systeme – Eine Industrie-Sicht auf Autonomie – Anwendung einer Taxonomie auf eine autonome Anlage S. 705-718

„… different levels and a more detailed description. The focus of this paper is on how to apply such taxonomy …” „… the operator step by step through procedures (close valve, start pumping, wait to reach temperature …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023518

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16. Internationale VDI-Tagung Reifen-Fahrwerk-Fahrbahn 2017

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2296 2017

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F. Calabrese, C. Ludwig, M. Bäcker, A. Gallrein Parameter-Identifikation eines thermomechanischen Reifenmodells basierend auf Flachbahn-Messungen S. 57-76

„… (see [1]). The necessary measurements and the parameter identification procedure represent always a …” „… description): Empirical model for contact patch geometry estimation - this is needed heat transfer …” „… measurements. 2. Description of the fundamental parameters In the following tables we are giving a rough …”

U. Steininger Highly automated driving in the predicament between technical possibilities, public expectations and safety & security requirements S. 283-300

„… automated driving including a short definition of several levels of automation, a description of technical …” „… approval procedures for existing vehicle systems, e.g. passive safety systems. But there are some important …” „… validation procedures for highly and fully automated driving. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2296, 2017 283 VDI-Berichte …”

M. Selig, M. Meyer, F. Petry, S. Westermann Reifensimulationsmodelle der Zukunft S. 33-46

„… test procedure to extract lateral forces and moments [8]. As a follow-up project addressing the …” „… interfaces to the surface friction, thermal and fluid mechanic models. For an accurate description of the …” „… Oosten J., TIME, Tire measurement procedure: steady state force and moment testing, TNO Report Nr. 99 …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181022962

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Commercial Vehicles 2019

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2350 2019

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M. Aimo Boot, A. Bernardini The key role of the Tertiary Safety in the vehicle concept design to preserve the occupants and road users life S. 199-206

„… need to know exactly where they are and the procedure to de-energize the electrical power sources on …” „… development of rescue procedures. The ERG information acts as an extension of the related rescue sheet …” „… energy source identification (as well as the specific labeling); direct hazard disable procedures (i.e …”

G. Nitzsche, S. Wagner, N. Belov helyOS – Highly Efficient Online Yard Operating System S. 329-338

„… description and sent to the vehicle, which is responsible to perform the mission safely. Due to latencies in …” „… vehicle communication module are the check-in and check-out procedures for vehicles on the yard. During …” „… is required by the path planning procedures to enable the calculation of feasible and collision free …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023501

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International Conference on Gears 2019

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2355 2019

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P. H. O. Teixeira, C. Lopenhaus, C. Brecher, T. Bergs Discretization of the contact conditions considering the grain engagement for generating gear grinding S. 1739-1748

„… of ds = 400 mm, left of Fig. 1. Fig. 1: Description of experimental procedure for surface …” „… description do not take into consideration the grinding tool topography due to the random and complex …” „… approach of Reimann as well as in other current approaches, the description of energy conversion is mainly …”

C. Boehme, D. Vill, P. Tenberge Extension of the application limits for crossed helical gearboxes by new geometries for smaller sliding paths or smaller contact pressures S. 1299-1310

„… . After that, these are direction vectors on the path of contact. The equations for the description …” „… calculations For exemplary calculations, the procedures according to VDI 2736 are applied for the crossed …” „… gear wheel 2 are analysed according to the presented calculation procedure. The gear pair has an axis …”

B. Brodmann, H. Bodschwinna Scattered light measurement on worm gears with high efficiency requirements S. 1567-1578

„… number of parameters for the quantitative description of technical surfaces. However, no recommendations …” „… are given which parameters are required in which application. For a complete description of the …” „… the description of gears in worm gear. 2. Full description of the surface with vertical and …”

G. Vasileiou, N. Rogkas, V. Spitas, P. Zalimidis Optimisation of spur gear tooth fillet for maximum bending strength using Bezier curves S. 149-160

„… root area or to the involute part. According to the proposed procedure, the non-meshing tooth profile …” „… optimisation procedure followed resulted in considerable increase of strength in the fillet area over other …” „… optimization process In order to minimize the developed stress in the tooth root, a description of the …”

D. Kurten, A. Kailer Hydrogen embrittlement of oil lubricated contacts S. 681-688

„… samples were degreased with acetone and n-hexane. A detailed description of the measurement procedure can …”

M. R. Mauntz, J. Peuser Deep online oil analysis of dielectric parameters for life time enhancement of industrial gearboxes – Identification of critical operation conditions for reduction of failure rates S. 245-256

„… independent of rigid inspection intervals. 1. Introduction The standard procedure in oil lubricated …” „… different oil types with individual modifications. The following description is based on the wind turbine …”

M. Ruzek, F. Ville, P. Velex, Y. Marchesse Windage power loss reductions in high-speed gear pairs S. 91-100

„… deduced from the deceleration curve. A detailed description of this experimental rig is presented in (18 …” „… ) dedicated to experimental aspects like the calibration procedure, repeatability issues, separation of WPL …”

R. Beilicke, L. Bobach, D. Bartel Transient 3D TEHL simulation of spiral bevel gears under mixed friction conditions S. 529-540

„… the procedure in [3] and [4], the geometry and the kinematics of the VDI-Berichte Nr. 2355, 2019 529 …” „… Angeles [5] for the mathematical description of an octoidal gearing. Depending on the cutting process …”

I. Bae, U. Kissling Comparison of strength ratings of plastic gears by VDI 2736 and JIS B 1759 – In vision of building a new international standard S. 1267-1278

„… definition of the test procedure makes it inevitable to gain a reliable material database. For the test …” „… plastic gear technology. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2355, 2019 1275 Nomenclature Symbol Description Unit …”

B. Azzam, F. Harzendorf, R. Schelenz, G. Jacobs, W. Holweger White etching crack bearing failure: identification of high risk lubricant compounds using artificial neural networks S. 569-582

„… to classify the risk level of the oil following a procedure outlined in section 2.2. The …” „… , 2019572 2. Methods 2.1. Data Description A dataset containing 687 oils was used to perform the data …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023556

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International Conference on Gears 2023

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2422 2023

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I. Atanasovska, D. Momcilovic Analysis of new tooth profile design based on the biomimetics principles S. 945-956

„… strength characteristics of gears with new tooth profile design is performed. The developed procedure …” „… to improve the tooth profile design and to upgrade the load capacity calculation procedures for …” „… procedures for bending capacity calculations are based on the formulae defined by Niemann [16]. Also, the …”

F. Mieth, D. Tazir Local load capacity analysis for the design of a balanced flank modification for cylindrical gears according to bevel gear procedures S. 927-944

„… according to bevel gear procedures What really happened!Dipl.-Ing. Frederik Mieth, Dipl.-Ing. Dennis Tazir …” „… the evaluation of a gear. Standardized procedures, such as ISO 6336 [1] for cylindrical gears and ISO …” „… such procedures, the gear meshing is simplified to a single reference point and a comparative stress is …”

M. Yilmaz, M. Ayar, F. Zerulli, K. Humm, J. König, B. Schwarz Gearbox efficiency of eDrives: correlation between measurement and calculation of load-dependent torque losses S. 985-994

„… circulation. The description of the test rig can be found in Yilmaz et al. (10) and the test procedure is …” „… . Calculation of load-dependent torque loss In this section, the calculation procedure for the load-dependent …” „… similar to the test procedure according to FVA345 (Doleschel (4)). The results are shown in Fig. 2 for the …”

F. Eigner, S. Oberle, M. Berger A non-restrictive approach of gear geometry calculation for plastic gears S. 1469-1482

„… an optimal power transmission can be achieved regarding the technical properties. The procedure is …” „… processes. Phillips [6] approaches a restriction-free path with the description of "General Spatial Involute …” „… coordinate system. Based on this geometry description, the surface points can be conjugated between the …”

C. Karampatzakis, A. Mihailidis, A. Mantzaflaris, C. Provatidis Contact simulation of tooth flanks using Isogeometric Analysis S. 413-428

„… interface : 12 𝑑Following the procedure described in detail in [18] but in a two-dimensional setting, we …” „… parameters as input. First, two point sets are created by following the procedure described in [22]. The two …” „… knot insertion. An example of the created element mesh created by this automatic procedure can be seen …”

J. D. M. Marafona, J. H. O. Seabra, P. M. T. Marques, R. C. Martins Effect of overlap ratio on gear dynamic behavior and noise level S. 1239-1256

„… can be manufactured and experimental tests can then be performed. A brief description of the algorithm …” „… optimization procedure. Two different gear geometries are used as starting points, the H501 and the H951, as …” „… output of the algorithm.Table 1: Geometrical parameters of the H501 and H951 gears Gear Description H501 …”

A. Beinstingel, F. Haringer, W. Sigmund, M. Heider, B. Pinnekamp, S. Marburg Investigation of Sound and Vibration Behavior of Cylindrical Gears S. 599-618

„… contact formulation, which is described in detail in [24, 25]. Here, the iterative procedure makes use of …” „… a compliance matrix approach to speed up computation time. This procedure is similar to common …” „… drastically reduce the number of degrees of freedom for the nonlinear iteration procedure. In contrast to [13 …”

B. Morhard, T. Lohner, K. Stahl Influence of Surface and Material Technologies on Loss of Lubrication Performance of Gears S. 779-784

„… detailed description of the test procedure for LOL investigations and the LOL characteristics of gears …”

L. Becker, P. Tenberge Crossed helical gears – simulative studies and experimental results on non-involute geometries S. 1499-1514

„… ] and Boehme [3] developed extensions and adaptations of the calculation procedure which, in addition to …” „… general geometry description. 2. Calculation of general flank geometriesTo derive the geometries, a …” „… a detailed description of the calculation, please refer to the literature [1,2]. Fig. 2: Derivation …”

A. Drechsel, J. Pellkofer, K. Stahl Transferability of the scuffing load capacity of gear oils determined on spur gears to hypoid gears S. 881-896

„… . VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 20238824 Failure mode scuffing The following description of the failure mode scuffing is …” „… during running-in. After the running-in procedure, the oil is changed to remove wear particles. The …” „… gear. The test procedure is carried out according to FVA 243/I [15] using the FZG back-to-back spur …”

C. Kunik, J. Kunert Wetting and oil flow analysis of planetary gearboxes using oil flow simulations S. 467-484

„… Eulerian description of the flow variables. In general, the accuracy of numerical solutions increases with …” „… , the pre-processing is completed. This procedure is shown in Fig. 6 for the first gearbox used for the …” „… start. This preparation procedure is done very fast and is the main advantage of the SPH method compared …”

S. Matkovič, D. Šeruga, M. Nagode, M. Kalin Prediction of tooth root fatigue failure of polymer gears for dry and oil lubricated contact and its comparison to experimentally obtained results S. 1301-1318

„… information on experimental procedures. The fatigue life understanding was notably advanced by A. Wöhler in …” „… repetitions were conducted. Gear geometry may be found in Table 1. The detailed gear test rig description and …” „… testing procedure may be read in [4,17–19]. Table 1: Test gear specifications. Parameter Pinion Gear …”

L. Bonaiti, M. Monti, C. Gorla, M. Geitner, T. Tobie, K. Stahl The consequences of different methodologies for the elaboration of pulsator test results with respect to the load spectrum assessment of gears S. 33-52

„… , already defined in the fatigue literature, are based on different analytical and statistical descriptions …” „… position by anvils. A detailed description of the typical test rig configurations can be found in [13 …” „… guideline 563 I [31] defines it as a recommended procedure to evaluate pulsator test data. Its validity and …”

B. van Wissen, L. Pastukhov, F. Mitsuzuka, K. Iwanaga, A. Hasanovic NVH performance of thermoplastic gears: modelling and measuring S. 1389-1402

„… sound pressure level. The data handling and visualization is carried out via a procedure in Python. The …” „… has been made to feed the model with reasonable values and descriptions based on literature but also …”

P. E. Schnetzer, J. Pellkofer, K. Stahl Calculation method for wear of steel-bronze rolling-sliding contacts relating to worm gears S. 907-926

„… consequently based on the description of the worm gear tooth contact by means of substitute rollers. It is …” „… out on the FZG twin-disk test rig, which is shown schematically in Fig. 2. The following description …” „… carried out on a worm gear test rig. The following description and formulations are mainly based on …”

F. Concli, M. N. Mastrone Latest advancements in the lubrication simulations of geared systems: a technology ready for industrial applications S. 499-518

„… high complexity of the underlying behavior, which precludes a description of fluid flows that is at the …” „… (typically 10 to 20 - but specific procedures based on mesh quality and design parameters can be implemented …” „… 3 (b)) and simplify the meshing procedure (use of non-conformal grids). Exploiting the GRAMC …”

M. Ruzek, R. Brun, F. Ville, P. Velex, Y. Marchesse On the reduction of windage power losses in gears by the modification of tooth geometry S. 785-800

„… with the geometrical data is presented in the next section, followed by a description of the numerical …” „… be concluded that the proposed numerical simulation procedure is accurate enough for analysing the …”

M. Vivet, A. Rezayat, J. Verhoogen, K. Kucukcoskun, S. Donders Numerical analysis of bevel gear transmission acoustic emission using a 3D gear contact force model within a multibody system dynamics simulation environment S. 689-702

„… tooth flank description, fast 3D contact detection and various levels of accuracy for the contact force …” „… damping gear contact force, and a Coulomb-based friction force [7].Accurate geometry. A set of procedures …”

C. M. C. G. Fernandes, J. M. A. Pinto, D. E. P. Gonçalves, A. R. Silva Reduction of root and flank temperature using a hybrid polymer-metal rack S. 1547-1562

„… general description of the developed test rig will be now exposed (Figure 3). A load/heat application tool …” „… model, a similar procedure as described in previous work [9] was followed. Table 4: Comparison between …”

Y. Koch, E. Kirchner, J. Hirschmann Measuring Instantaneous Angular Speed using a Gear Wheel as Material Measure to detect Pitting Damage during an Endurance Test S. 81-96

„… during the endurance test; right: after the endurance test Sensor integration For the description of the …” „… /j.ymssp.2004.04.003 [5] Li, B., Zhang, X. u. Wu, J.: New procedure for gear fault detection and diagnosis …”

E. Grabovic, A. Artoni, M. Gabiccini, E. Ciulli Exploration of trade-offs between NVH and efficiency in bevel gear design S. 853-880

„… generate the closest flank modifications described by the polynomial ease-off; 3. description of the …” „… been correctly determined by our procedures. This clearly indicates the advantage of the employed …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024225

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International Conference on Gears 2017

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2294 2017

Results in this title

I. Atanasovska, H. Abderazek Comparative analysis of few new procedures for spur gears tooth profile optimization with different methods and aspects S. 1169-1176

„… algorithm with a brief description of the developed optimization procedure. The FEA calculations give the …” „… Comparative Analysis of few new Procedures for Spur Gears Tooth Profile Optimization with …” „… behavior of gear pairs. Thus, the developing of new optimization procedures and methods for selection of …”

N. Sagraloff, M. Hein, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Practical use of micropitting test results according to FVA 54/7 for calculation of micropitting load capacity acc. to ISO/TR 15144-1 S. 143-152

„… [1]. 2. Test procedure for the investigation of the micropitting capacity of gear lubricants …” „… according to FVA 54/7 FVA-Information Sheet 54/7 [16] describes a test procedure to evaluate the …” „… gear drive for example acc. to ISO/TR15144-1 [2]. The test procedure described in FVA-Information …”

C. Gorla, E. Conrado, F. Rosa, F. Concli Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) for gears: manufacturing, performances and tests S. 977-988

„… . The paper describes the adopted test procedures and the test results obtained on gear specimens by …” „… Nr. 2294, 2017 979 Table 3: Main data of gear specimens for STBF tests Description Symbol Value …” „… at 5 million load cycles. The staircase procedure has been defined according to Dixon [8 …”

M. F. Stangl, U. Kissling, A. Pogacnik A procedure to find best fitting dresser with grinding worm for a new design S. 1307-1318

„… A procedure to find best fitting dresser with grinding worm for a new design Dr. Michael Franz …” „… and length is determined with established design methods like contact analysis. The procedure for the …” „… grinding procedures like generation grinding and form grinding. For the generation grinding, grinding …”

A. Pogacnik, S. Beermann Measuring permissible root/flank stress of plastic gears according to the VDI 2736-4 S. 1541-1552

„… used at the end. This paper provides an overview of the testing procedure for plastic gear according …” „… to the VDI 2736-4, which was published in 2016. The procedure to measure temperature and other …” „… challenges, that arise, are discussed. Furthermore, the statistical procedure to evaluate test results is …”

J. Papies Load distribution in planetary gears considering effects of manufacturing tolerances with a statistical approach S. 783-794

„… generate optimized test procedures for simulation runs. The DoE method keeps the test effort to a minimum …” „… simple and easy manageable description for considering the deformation. The respective parameter can be …” „… potential tolerance zone for the description with the bearing center points. This has to be taken into …”

T. Schöler, H. Binz, M. Bachmann Method for the pre-dimensioning of beveloid gears – Efficient design of main gearing data S. 565-578

„… demonstrated in [2] that this procedure is also feasible for intersecting axes. He assumed comparable stresses …” „… avoidance/limitation of common divisors for the number of teeth VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 2017568 Fig. 3: Procedure for …” „… reasonable procedure for this purpose. To achieve a skewed mounting position, the pinion is initially turned …”

M. Hein, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Test method for time-scaled fatigue tests of gear transmission systems S. 1073-1084

„… unified load level description. In Fig. 1 a stress / load cycle (S/N) curve (blue, dotted) for pitting is …” „… can be evaluated. The essential part of the procedure model is the truncation of the given load …” „… ], an efficient and costumer-near test procedure for manual vehicle transmissions has been derived from …”

M. Oehler, B. Magyar, B. Sauer A new standardizable calculation method to predict the efficiency of worm gear drives S. 363-372

„… description of the procedure of this method can be found in [2]. According to the knowledge of the local …” „… contact. Fig. 4: Schematic representation of the procedure for the transfer from local (left) to …” „… (see figure 7). Fig. 6: Flow chart of the iterative procedure Fig. 7: Comparison of the friction …”

P. Garambois, E. Rigaud, J. Perret-Liaudet Robust optimization of gear macro and micro-geometries in order to minimize static transmission error and gear stiffness fluctuations S. 927-938

„… approximation of the description of the deflection form. For each gear design evaluated by the algorithm, the …” „… are selected as the two objectives minimized by the optimization procedure. Finally, the methodology …” „… procedure to calculate the excitations generated by a gear is 1000 …”

A. von Freyberg, A. Fischer Automatic geometry segmentation of involute flank regions S. 1015-1024

„… cars. For this purpose, a few approaches exist [8, 9, 10]. In iterative procedures, geometric …” „… (= φ0 + ψb + ϑi) and φba, respectively. 2.3 Validation procedure For validating the presented …” „… Zylinderrädern (3D-Surface-like Numerical Description, Alignment, and Evaluation of Involute Cylindrical Gears …”

T. Jurkschat, T. Lohner, K. Stahl Improved calculation method for load-dependent gear losses S. 893-904

„… 1). Only the main features of the test rig are described here. The following descriptions of the …” „… ] were conducted in accordance with the procedure of Doleschel [3] to determine the solid µmz,s|686 and …” „… procedure (Figure 6 right) based on µmz|6861 and HVL and the state of the art (Figure 6: left) based on …”

G. Goch, K. Ni, Y. Peng, A. Günther Paradigm change in cylindrical gear metrology using areal measurement and evaluation S. 1025-1038

„… established in current gear tolerancing standards [2], enabling a standardized inspection procedure for an …” „… is a systematic error in the manufacturing procedure. On the other hand, quickly varying …” „… , “Areal gear flank description as a requirement for optical gear metrology,”. Towards Synthesis of Micro …”

T. Nagumo, M. Ishizuka, Y. Satou, S. Matsumura, H. Houjoh Estimation of loaded static transmission error using vibration measurement under operating conditions in a two-stage helical gear reducer S. 857-868

„… acquisition is our focus in establishing this method. The following section provides a detailed description of …” „… same procedure can also be performed to a phase of the FRF according to equation (2). 2.2 …”

J. Cathelin, R. Janssen Material data for advanced plastic gear simulation S. 1553-1564

„… with a fatigue simulation. Description of the workflow: -The first three boxes are named “Working …” „… are described and recommendations on gear wear coefficient and fatigue measurement procedures are …”

E. Maier, A. Ziegltrum, T. Lohner, K. Stahl Characterization of TEHL contacts of thermoplastic gears S. 1483-1496

„… schematically. The following descriptions and formulations are mainly based on Lohner et al. [15]. Two …” „… temperature distribution in both solids and lubricant. An iterative procedure is established between both …” „… Nr. 2294, 2017 1487 description of both models can be found. In this work, Eyring’s model with τC = 4 …”

C. Hasl, P. Oster, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Bending strength of oil-lubricated cylindrical plastic gears – Modified bending strength calculation based on VDI 2736 S. 1649-1660

„… (=ACORA Root Stress) [9] and contains a modified description of the contact ratio factor which is given …” „… load capacity of spur and helical gears. [4] DIN ISO 14635-1:2006-05 Gears - FZG test procedures …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181022948

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Partitioned solution strategies for electro-thermo-mechanical problems applied to the field-assisted sintering technology

Patrick Erbts

Series: Mechanik/Bruchmechanik

Volume 345 2016

Results in this title

Numerical methods S. 45-78

„… description of the fundamentals, which typically involve linear static procedures, the interested reader is …” „… numerical solution procedures for the governing equations of the mechanical, thermal, electrical and …” „… integration procedure for the temporal discretization is discussed. In regard to the radiation field, the …”

Solution of coupled problems S. 79-144

„… motivation for the development of advanced algorithms and procedures. Besides, several other multi-physics …” „… order to provide a very general description of both approaches, the coupled physical problem is first …” „… theNewton- Raphson procedure ∂G ∂z ∣∣∣∣ z=zk Δzk = −G(zk) with Δzk = zk+1 − zk. (4.3) If ‖G(zk+1)‖ ≤ tol …”

Governing equations S. 8-44

„… 8 2. Governing equations CHAPTER2 Governing equations Descriptions of multi-physically coupled …” „… that substantiates the underlying mathematical description of the FAST process. As previously mentioned …” „… procedures as used for the mechanical, the thermal and the electric field. As a consequence, thermal …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XVI

„… coupling algorithms is carried out to improve the convergence of the partitioned solution procedure …” „… Abbreviations and acronyms Acronym Description Page BC Boundary Conditions 124 BR Broyden Method 91 CFD …” „… , several stabilization procedures are discussed. Based on sequential solver calls, a concept to design …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186345189

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