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Entwicklung, Beobachtung und Steuerung integrierter, quasi-kontinuierlicher pharmazeutischer Produktionsprozesse mit Methoden der Multivariaten Datenverarbeitung

Sven-Oliver Borchert

Series: Biotechnik/Medizintechnik

Volume 292 2016

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Implementierung von Vorgaben des Quality by Design S. 34-56

„… 34 Implementierung von Vorgaben des Quality by Design 5. Implementierung von Vorgaben des …” „… Quality by Design 5.1 Zielsetzungen von QbD in der Bioprozessentwicklung Der in Kapitel 4 entwickelte …” „… der FDA, nach Vorgaben eines Quality by Design, entsprechen. Hierzu sind die von der ICH festgelegten …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 148-160

„… funding priorities in the pharmaceutical sciences allied to Quality by Design (QbD) and Process Analytical …” „… . Quality by Design and the Importance of PAT in QbD. Sep. Sci. Technol., 10, 195–224. Borchert, S.-O …” „… ., 2009. Quality by design for biopharmaceuticals. Nat. Biotechnol., 27, 26–34. Reifsnyder, D.H …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XVI

„… – Quality by Design – Quasi-kontinuierliche Prozessstrategie Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit …” „… . Implementierung von Vorgaben des Quality by Design .......................................... 34 5.1 …” „… Randbedingungen eines QbD – Quality by Design zu erfüllen. Im Bereich der Integrierten Herstellung rekombinanter …”

Zusammenfassung und Ausblick S. 141-142

„… Randbedingungen eines QbD – Quality by Design zu erfüllen. Im Bereich der Integrierten Herstellung rekombinanter …” „… Quality Attributes und ihrer zugeordneten Operationsparameter wurden, über die Anwendung von DoE – Design …” „… Algorithmus IBR – Imputation by Regression wurden Methoden zur Prozessprädiktion implementiert und mit einem …”

Einleitung und Zielsetzung S. 1-4

„… einen Quality by Design (QbD) Ansatz, bei dem die Qualität nicht erst nach Beendigung eines …” „… Initiative lautet: Quality cannot be tested into products; it should be built-in or should be by design [FDA …” „… Development, Manufacturing, and Quality Assurance [FDA, 2004b] veröffentlicht. Beide Dokumente beschreiben …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186292179

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International Conference on Gears 2023

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2422 2023

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D. Zorko, N. Vukašinović, B. Černe The effect of gear manufacturing quality on the mechanical and thermal state of a plastic gear S. 1319-1332

„… the gear quality from Q12 to Q11 or even Q10 can be achieved by a proper tool design and corrective …” „… integrated plastic gear design optimization considering all possible failure modes was presented by Tav ar et …” „… in their design, when employing this manufacturing technology. Gear quality and gear assembly errors …”

H. Yakaria Securing the Quality Chain by the Networking with the Gear Suppliers S. 1617-1630

„… Securing the Quality Chain by the Networking with the Gear Suppliers Dr.-Ing. Herman Yakaria, ZF …” „… company or from external suppliers. Fig. 1: Quality Securing by the Standardization One of the important …” „… facilitates improved comparison of the quality produced by various sources, ensuring consistency and accuracy …”

A. Yavuz Kanyilmaz, B. Karba, M. VARDAR Classifying plastic beveloid gear quality considering manufacturing errors S. 1159-1172

„… ratio performance values in the gears determined by the designer. Quality classification is carried out …” „… transmitting power and motion and the designer must determine a quality range for the gear so that the system …” „… study was to perform quality classification and find uncertainty caused by manufacturing and geometry …”

N. Missal, S. Schwertel, M. Ludwig The next level of axial forming for a sustainable component and process chain design S. 1765-1776

„… , sustainability, accuracy, and productivity. By utilizing material and applying a lightweight structural design …” „… between the new stiffened machine concepts and gear quality by the production of helical gears on vertical …” „… space requirement. In this design, the driven tool carrier has been extended by a second servo motor in …”

U. Kissling Impact of manufacturing deviations on the NVH behavior of modern gear design concepts S. 367-382

„… within the given tolerances will have the gear behavior intended by the designer. Naturally, the designer …” „… . Conclusion for industrial gearbox design: Manufacturing deviations up to quality 6 have little/acceptable …” „… Gears produced by injection molding can normally attain only quality 10 (ISO 1328), possibly 9. So, the …”

N. Fujimura Application-oriented research on internal generating polishing S. 1863-1876

„… requirements of mass production. This high productivity is achieved by a unique grinding wheel design matched …” „… main purposes. (1) Improvement of durability by decreasing the risk of micro cracks growing on …” „… level. This paper describes the influence of the polishing process on the surface quality of internal …”

W. Smet Gear geometry, size and material influences not captured in ISO 6336 S. 1267-1272

„… other documents in the ISO 6336 series, it provides a method by which different gear designs can be …” „… quality of the material as determined by the extent and effectiveness of forging, on the presence of …” „… in alignment with ISO 6336 requirements concerning material quality, allowable stress numbers, heat …”

M. Vivet, A. Rezayat, J. Verhoogen, K. Kucukcoskun, S. Donders Numerical analysis of bevel gear transmission acoustic emission using a 3D gear contact force model within a multibody system dynamics simulation environment S. 689-702

„… are designed to import and simulate a bevel gear set by starting from the typical bevel gear tooth …” „… and presented for three spiral bevel gear variants; two that have a normal gear blank design and one …” „… run-up configurations and analyzed. The resulting gearbox housing vibrations, computed by the multibody …”

B. Karba, N. Yildirim Backlash optimization via compatible gear couples on the assembly lines for planetary gearboxes S. 1147-1158

„… . By evaluating quality reports of manufactured gears, we were able to predict operating backlash …” „… manufacturing values by quality control staff. At this level, databases only contain span & over two balls tooth …” „… transmission field, mechanical design, and controlling field have been focused to backlash by investigating its …”

J. Cathelin Plastic Gears: Investigation on Noise and NVH Behavior S. 1449-1460

„… error amplitude are the gear design and quality classification. A higher geometrical quality will lead …” „… automotive drive train, autonomous driving and lightweight design are the main tendence in the automotive …” „… will give an overview of the links between acoustic excitations, gear design and material selection. 1 …”

J. Lohmiller, F. Dobler, M. Wöppermann Investigating different nodular graphite irons for the application of gears – a step towards standardization by using reasonable quality criteria S. 1731-1748

„… standardization by using reasonable quality criteria Dr.-Ing. Jochen Lohmiller, Dr.-Ing. Florian Dobler, Dr.-Ing …” „… standardization by using reasonable quality criteria.1. Introduction The call for an improved standardization of …” „… , allowing a differentiation between the quality grades ML, MQ, and ME by means of microstructural properties …”

A. Hilligardt, V. Schulze Gear Skiving with Minimum Twist Errors S. 1749-1764

„… gearing of such quality in finishing. Gear skiving is characterized by high productivity and flexibility …” „… correlation between the contact line and design variables of the process and tool was done. By correlating the …” „… process and tool design strategies for minimizing the twist are elaborated and finally, an adaptive …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XXVIII

„… , M. Wöppermann, B. Zeeb, SEW-EURODRIVE GmbH & Co. KG, Bruchsal, GermanySecuring the Quality Chain by …” „… the application of gears – a step towards standardization by using reasonable quality criteria 1731J …” „… DesignThe VDI SOCIETY PRODUCT AND PROCESS DESIGN (VDI-GPP) and its technical divisions provide all sectors …”

A. Wallinger, R. Vonderschmidt, S. Vonderschmidt Lubricant Free Transmissions for the food industry – A Comparison S. 715-726

„… , stainless steel drives in hygienic design have become more popular in high-quality plants than earlier …” „… than high-quality helical planetary gears [2]. Fig. 7: Design and flux density of the magnetic …” „… of PEEK, the gear unit can be designed without lubricants. The following table shows the design …”

M. Brumm, D. Sari Complete machining of complex transmission parts S. 1581-1590

„… offset by considerable process and project risks, which will be discussed in this presentation. For …” „… increases. Compromises VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023 1581must be made in the design of the universal machine …” „… required. Cycle time is up to 30 minutes. Repeating lots (series production) Gearings and other design …”

L. Klee, T. Bergs, M. Solf, J. Brimmers Binder Jetting in Gears – Process Design and Tooth Bending Strength for Gears made of 17-4PH S. 1665-1680

„… integration of secondary design elements. These advantages are VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023 1665accompanied by …” „… Binder Jetting in Gears Process Design and Tooth Bending Strength for Gears made of 17-4PH Lukas …” „… different local density distribution in the component and the potential integration of secondary design …”

M. Willecke, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher Experimental Investigation of the load carrying capacity of beveloid gears with optimized flank topography S. 125-138

„… load carrying capacity could be designed. The geometry of the test gear itself, specified by the …” „… manufacture different profile shifts. Contradictory to the simplicity of manufacturing, the design of a …” „… of valid durability calculations according to a standard, like the ISO 6336 series, the design of …”

J.-A. Meis Parametric system simulation of load sharing in planetary gearboxes S. 269-280

„… priority in the design of planetary gearboxes to ensure high torque density at lowest possible cost …” „… late to make VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023 269fundamental changes in the gearbox design. Simulations to …” „… design status. Current standards and guidelines for gear and gearbox design like AGMA, IEC or ISO only …”

L. Becker, P. Tenberge Crossed helical gears – simulative studies and experimental results on non-involute geometries S. 1499-1514

„… design parameters and demonstrate the effects on operating behavior, with those a design recommendation …” „… virtual counterpart rack is defined, whose flank contour is described by a fourth-order polynomial with …” „… end by an S-bend modification and using q4, further free-form geometries are possible. The algorithm …”

F. Concli, M. N. Mastrone Latest advancements in the lubrication simulations of geared systems: a technology ready for industrial applications S. 499-518

„… (typically 10 to 20 - but specific procedures based on mesh quality and design parameters can be implemented …” „… , ItalyAbstractEnergy efficiency represents an important aspect of mechanical design. Despite their long history, gears …” „… manufacturers to increase the investments to achieve more efficient designs leading to energy saving, reduction …”

G. Devaraj Vibration reduction of planetary gear drive using mesh phasing: modelling and experimental validation S. 157-174

„… same/better performance of the product with lower costs i.e. design-to-cost. Having a validated model, or at …” „… and Planet-Ring meshes and maximizing the overall NVH performance of electric drive units by virtual …” „… concept design several layouts are discussed for EDU application and from the tradeoff planetary has been …”

C. van Oss, A. Hilbig, H. Sardemann, S. Schumann, B. Schlecht Opportunities arising from digital twins in gear development S. 1027-1038

„… Machine Design, IPF - Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Technische Universität Dresden …” „… werden. Abstract In gear development and research, application oriented quality control and simulation …” „… VALidation Tool), a program developed by the FVA (Forschungsvereinigung Antriebstechnik), which enables the …”

L. Binanzer, L. Merkle, M. Dazer, A. Nicola Pitting Detection for Prognostics and Health Management in Gearbox Applications S. 97-108

„… , speed and vibration sensors. The experiments are statistically designed by means of Design of …” „… designed identically. Both electric motors are connected to a torque measuring shaft by a coupling. The …” „… Theorie von Design of Experiments (DOE) folgend statistisch ausgelegt. Dabei werden die Faktoren …”

S. Chen, C. Liu, D. Qin Forward Performance-driven Design of Gear Parameters S. 211-226

„… design objectives are normalized to establish an overall objective function by a linear weighting method …” „… algorithm, the design of gear parameters is driven by high comprehensive performance of gears. 2.Precise …” „… constructed by contact stress and bending stress as the design index of load capacity, as shown in Eq. (9 …”

C. Westphal, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher Influence of Axis Misalignments in Stepped Planetary Gear Stages on the Excitation Behavior – Test Rig Development and Simulative Analysis S. 175-190

„… , RWTH Aachen University, Germany Abstract One challenge in the design of automotive gearboxes is the …” „… flank pressures and an increase in the total transmission error. Acknowledgement Funded by the Deutsche …” „… Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – 501245855 and supported by the WZL Gear Research Circle …”

N. De Bie, W. Smet, T. Van Der Kamp Assessing gear mesh misalignment in a parallel gear set by transmission error measurements S. 291-300

„… accurately by pulse signals from high quality shaft encoders or by accelerometers installed on the input and …” „… Assessing gear mesh misalignment in a parallel gear set by transmission error measurements M. Sc …” „… accurately be measured by shaft encoders or by accelerometers installed on the input and output shaft of a …”

C. Kunik, J. Kunert Wetting and oil flow analysis of planetary gearboxes using oil flow simulations S. 467-484

„… first step, the quality of CFD simulations using the SPH method is analyzed by comparing the oil flow …” „… gear units, which are characterized in particular by their compact design and their high torque density …” „… Kunik, Dr.-Ing. Jens Kunert, SEW-Eurodrive GmbH & Co KG, Bruchsal Abstract The quality and reliability …”

A. Beinstingel, F. Haringer, W. Sigmund, M. Heider, B. Pinnekamp, S. Marburg Investigation of Sound and Vibration Behavior of Cylindrical Gears S. 599-618

„… application is optimized by various design alternatives. A combination of both approaches is a recommendable …” „… when electric motors are used for propulsion and thus masking by an internal combustion engine or a …” „… aspect to a successful gear design. Since the main noise originates from the characteristic power …”

I. Criscuolo, F. Carneiro, G. Guimarães, R. Rego, J. Mascheroni Indirect Selective Laser Sintering: Modeling and analysis of surface densification by shot peening S. 1681-1698

„… Indirect Selective Laser Sintering: Modeling and analysis of surface densification by shot …” „… electromobility requirements for gears in terms of materials and product design. iSLS manufacturing allows for …” „… mechanical strength. Shot peening appears as a potential solution to densify surfaces by inducing localized …”

M. Werner, S. Graf, M. Oehler, O. Koch Investigation of the electrical behavior of a spur gear stage pair by means of impedance measurements S. 67-80

„… Investigation of the electrical behavior of a spur gear stage pair by means of impedance …” „… mechanical components are transformed into electrical equivalent systems and described by means of their …” „… hydrogen drives by means of a fuel cell, electric and hybrid drive systems play a decisive role in the …”

E. Virtanen, M. Kanerva, G. Szanti Fatigue testing of large sized bevel gears S. 897-906

„… topics included the effect of surface quality, verification of ATA advanced tooth contact design concept …” „… interfacing surface between the gear teeth and splines; for the later designs, this would be replaced by a …” „… nominal contact stress calculations. Finally, scuffing at high loads was solved by changing gear design …”

D. Gallagher, E. Wiita, R. Weidig Improved Method for Validation of Root Stress in Polymer Gears S. 1333-1350

„… . Notable works on the effect of stress concentration at the root fillet were carried out by Dolan …” „… . Polymer gears are typically characterised by low production cost, light weight and quiet operation; but …” „… standards for design verification, culminating with the release of VDI 2736 in 2014. Given the relatively …”

T. Kleiber, B. Neubauer Advancing to The Next Level – Cost Efficient Roll-Inspection: Back from End-of-Line NVH to Skiving Process S. 1591-1606

„… engine noise increased the necessity of high-quality gears. Restrictive design space, in all applications …” „… cost-effective method to inspect and monitor the quality of the external and internal gears. The typical output …” „… process, several challenges must be overcome to obtain proper gear quality and for an excellent …”

J. Zhang, B. Shaw, A. Hammer, I. Sewell Effects of Surface Engineering on the Efficiency of Involute Helical Gears – An Experimental Investigation S. 995-1016

„… value to the design of in-wheel drive systems that are used by electric vehicles where space is limited …” „… Investigation Dr. Jishan Zhang, Prof. Brian Shaw, Andy Hammer, Ian Sewell, Design Unit, School of Engineering …” „… studied when gears used were surface finished by different methods such as grinding, ISF (isotropic …”

J. König, M. Obermayr, T. Klein Digitalization of the Gear Development Process – Chances, Benefits and Risks S. 1017-1026

„… as the handling of the data model, are provided by a specialized software designer. Furthermore …” „… design and setup. The ZF-developed plugin allows calculations according to our internal standards by …” „… asissted by digital tools which support the engineers in solving various R&D tasks. Initially, engineers …”

L. Braumann, H. Amri, V. S. Viteri, J. Ochoa LUBGEAR – Experimental Campaign for Aviation Gears in Loss-of- Lubrication S. 1063-1070

„… industry are required to withstand off-design conditions such as loss of lubrication (LOL) for a specified …” „… amount of time during the certification process. While current design solutions such as auxiliary oil …” „… under LOL requires special experimental methods and test article designs. Benefits of testing strategies …”

J. Gründer, A. Monz Analytical Method for Calculating the Nominal Tooth Root Stress in Worm Gear Shafts S. 1091-1110

„… , A. H.: Worm Gearing Design Improvement by Considering Varying Mesh Stiffness. International Journal …” „… of research in the last decades is to optimize the load capacity on the worm wheel by using …” „… ° and are characterized by large gear ratios in one gear stage, high transmissible torques and …”

W. Wagner, S. Schumann, B. Schlecht The relevance of pinion deflection and twisting for loaded tooth contact analysis of high reduction hypoid gears S. 829-838

„… Gear Calculation) [5]. This is being developed by the Institute of Machine Elements and Machine Design …” „… also be used. To improve the element quality, the sharp edge can be reduced by cutting it away or by …” „… article, is a program of the FVA. It is developed by the Institute of Machine Elements and Machine Design …”

M. Fürst, S. Sepp, D. Schweigert, M. Otto, K. Stahl Experimental Investigation of Moving Contact Pattern in Helical Planetary Gearboxes S. 569-582

„… Stahl,School of Engineering and Design, Department of MechanicalEngineering, Gear Research Center (FZG …” „… Abstract Planetary gear sets combine the characteristics of high-power density and compact design which are …” „… and cost reduction, new challenges arise regarding a lightweight design. An accurate prediction of the …”

F. Eigner, S. Oberle, M. Berger A non-restrictive approach of gear geometry calculation for plastic gears S. 1469-1482

„… search for product improvement always leads to new ideas in product design. Often, a solution is found …” „… kinematic design, which describe the outer shape of the gear. This calculation basis unfolds the most …” „… potential in connection with the freedom that manufacturing with plastic e.g., by injection moulding allows …”

J.-H. Park, B.-S. Kim, D. Im, D.-J. Moon, J.-H. Kim, Y.-J. Park Development of Damage-based Accelerated Life Test Code for Gearbox using Genetic Algorithm S. 329-340

„… reasonable time by using the NSGA-III optimization accelerated life test code design method. VDI-Berichte Nr …” „… of test conditions were set, and an accelerated life test method was designed by selecting test …” „… , bearing designation and duty cycle The gearbox used for the accelerated life test design using equivalent …”

L. Bonaiti, M. Brambilla, P. Chiariotti, A. Cigada, C. Gorla, G. Boni, P. Codeluppi The effect of pinion axial positioning on noise and transmission error of face hobbed and face milled bevel gears S. 839-852

„… series as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. The casing has been designed by the constructor to get a simple and …” „… Abstract It is undeniable that, aided by the increasing electrification of machines, the gear community is …” „… undeniable fact that the gear (and gearboxes) noise is a complex phenomenon that is influenced by many …”

W. Ramdane, C. Changenet, S. S. Ouali, C. Chevrel-Fraux, P. Casanova Thermal model of a planetary gear set using an isothermal approach S. 451-466

„… designer able to have a wide range of potential results for different operating conditions, and then only …” „… losses, generated by sealing friction, bearing hydrodynamic losses and gear churning. Those power losses …” „… ; (ii) The ground plate by using a polymer material; (iii) the input shaft by using a polymer connection …”

F. Mieth, D. Tazir Local load capacity analysis for the design of a balanced flank modification for cylindrical gears according to bevel gear procedures S. 927-944

„… Local load capacity analysis for the design of a balanced flank modification for cylindrical gears …” „… , FVA-GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany Abstract In order to be able to carry out an optimal gear design with the aim …” „… 10300 [2] for bevel gears, are widely used and established in the design and evaluation of gears. In …”

M. M. Klein Holistic Sustainability-Assessment of Gearboxes S. 815-828

„… , strategic business decisions not only have to follow the classical development goals costs, time and quality …” „… business sectors to reduce GHG-emissions by avoiding the waste of resources like energy and material …” „… impact by their distances as well as the chosen means of transportation. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023816 …”

B. van Wissen, L. Pastukhov, F. Mitsuzuka, K. Iwanaga, A. Hasanovic NVH performance of thermoplastic gears: modelling and measuring S. 1389-1402

„… Performance Material Solutions, using material science, application know-how and design expertise …” „… , VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023 1389dedicated to sustainability enabling future proof designs for everybody. As one …” „… gear noise roughly into two sections as shown in Figure 2. Rattle – Sound created by the impact on …”

S. Matkovič, D. Šeruga, M. Nagode, M. Kalin Prediction of tooth root fatigue failure of polymer gears for dry and oil lubricated contact and its comparison to experimentally obtained results S. 1301-1318

„… available. Nevertheless, the gear design with these materials is challenging due to the lack of specific …” „… lifetime curves and detailed tribological behaviour. Therefore, for trustworthy design of the polymer gears …” „… more commonly used in the product design process, not only for basic static stimulation but also for …”

M. Rothemund, M. Otto, K. Stahl Applicability of classic analytical calculation approaches for the design of plastic gears S. 1483-1498

„… . Conclusion The design of plastic gears for transmissions for higher power levels can only be achieved by …” „… Applicability of classic analytical calculation approaches for the design of plastic gears M …” „… volume but mainly for applications under low load. Current trends are leading to the design and …”

I. Hong, D. Talbot Tooth Bending Strain Rate Analysis in a Counter Shaft Drivetrain and Implications on Fatigue Strength S. 53-66

„… which is driven by strain rate dependent plasticity behaviors. This study combs through current …” „… rate effects to be worth consideration in gear design (i) the material must be sensitive to strain rate …” „… test results between ultrasonic and convention testing was done by Mayer [2] and a 2021 review done by …”

H. Jia, D. Qin, G. Hu, X. Xu, W. Bai Electromechanical Coupling Modeling and Torsional Vibration Analysis of Helicopter Electric Propulsion System S. 675-688

„… integration design and miniaturization of the EPS. Based on the proposed electromechanical coupling model, the …” „… ) the torsional vibration of the EPS can be reduced by changing the PMSM control methods and control …” „… helicopter, causing adverse effects on flight quality and safety[1-2]. Therefore, how to calculate and …”

G. Guimarães, L. Robatto, R. Rego, A. Faria, A. Borille, J. Mascheroni Surface integrity of 20MnCr5 pinion gears manufactured through laser powder bed fusion S. 1845-1858

„… electromobility impose new demands on the gear Industry in terms of materials, design and manufacturing. In this …” „… technologies in additive manufacturing (AM), allowing the designer to think beyond traditional constraints. On …” „… engineers with greater design flexibility and reduced tooling requirements. This opens up new possibilities …”

A. Carvalho, R. Rego, N. Fukumasu, D. Tamayo, F. Nascimento, I. Machado PVD Deposition of Nb-MoS2 Coatings on Gear Carburized Steel S. 1071-1082

„… , which can potentially be addressed by coatings technology. Doping MoS2 coatings with transition metals …” „… research will be the replacement of Ti as dopant element by Nb, which presents similar physical properties …” „… , also influenced by the substrate surface integrity. Moreover, VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023 1071the …”

J. Lövenich, M. Zalfen, D. Mevissen, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher Crack growth based tooth root life prediction model – an influence quantity analysis S. 109-124

„… turbo gearbox applications is the high number of load cycles reached by the gearbox components …” „… . Standards such as ISO 6336 deliver design guidelines for bending strength up to a limiting number of NG = 3 …” „… applications. To design gears for geared turbofans safely and weight-optimized, the tooth root load capacity in …”

A. Donmez, A. Kahraman Experimental Investigation of Influence of Indexing Errors on Gear Rattling S. 703-714

„… tooth surfaces followed by impacts, in the process causing excessive noise issues coined as gear rattle …” „… rattling of single- and double-mesh gear trains are investigated experimentally by using a recently …” „… arrangements, respectively. Two (or three) test gears of identical baseline designs with various tooth indexing …”

P. Fischmann, A. Hilligardt, V. Schulze Tooth Root Burnishing in the Kinematics of Gear Skiving S. 1829-1844

„… due to hardening distortions, the tool is designed in a force-controlled way by using disc springs …” „… loads. This requirement can be satisfied by mechanically imprinting compressive residual stresses which …” „… trajectory and process parameters was developed for process and tool design. Subsequently, the tool system …”

L. Bonaiti, M. Monti, C. Gorla, M. Geitner, T. Tobie, K. Stahl The consequences of different methodologies for the elaboration of pulsator test results with respect to the load spectrum assessment of gears S. 33-52

„… – by means of the simplified double slope curve proposed by Spindel and Haibach [20] (here designated …” „… results in a total failure of the transmission. Therefore, a crucial design aspect is an accurate …” „… tests represent a simplified test method and are not performed by meshing gears. Therefore, their …”

P. E. Schnetzer, J. Pellkofer, K. Stahl Calculation method for wear of steel-bronze rolling-sliding contacts relating to worm gears S. 907-926

„… ), School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany Symbols A mm Running …” „… high transmission ratios in one stage, a compact design, the ability to self-lock, and low-noise …” „… those used in worm gear drives. The analogy by means of two disks was already used by Weber and Niemann …”

T. König, L. Cadau, L. Steidle, M. Kley, D. Cansu Güney, J. Albrecht, K. Weber A concept for comparison of new and aged lubricants in transmissions of electric vehicles and a method of oil aging on a test rig S. 1195-1206

„… instance, the typical map of an electric machine requires different transmission designs. [2, 3] In …” „… aging condition and quality. In advance of this work a rheometer and a tribometer are already used to …” „… friction deteriorate. [6] In a paper by Weber et al., the rheological and tribological properties of …”

U. Cihak-Bayr, T. Wopelka, C. Wintersteiger Effect of LOL conditions under high velocity and high injection temperatures S. 763-778

„… . Abstract Increasing demands on gear components such as high-pressure and high speeds are aggravated by …” „… to 30 m/s. The experimental campaign was complemented by a EHL simulation model, which can also …” „… disc as well as that of a circumferentially version rotated by 90 ° and that of a superfinished …”

A. Drechsel, J. Pellkofer, K. Stahl Transferability of the scuffing load capacity of gear oils determined on spur gears to hypoid gears S. 881-896

„… Classification of hypoid oils by use of a newly developed scuffing test method Alexander Drechsel, Dr.-Ing. Josef …” „… , School of Engineering and Design, Garching, Germany 1 Zusammenfassung Die Fresstragfähigkeit ist ein …” „… Veröffentlichung bewertet. 2 Abstract The scuffing load carrying capacity is a decisive design criterion in the …”

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Rethinking the circular economy for plastics

VDI (ed.)

Series: Blaue Papiere

Volume 05/2023 2023

Results in this title

Field of Action 2 Making closing the loop the task of all stakeholders S. 14-34

„… design:Product design, which is primarily conceived by manufacturers, also plays an overriding and significant …” „… environmental challenges.The use of high-quality recycled raw materials produced by mechanical means is …” „… ., by reducing investments, or that the importance of product design (design for recycling) could be …”

Field of Action 3 Creating regulatory incentives for a circular plastics economy S. 35-52

„… market, there is neither the supply of required high-quality recyclates by recyclers nor the demand for …” „… product design of OEMs/users, because the higher the quality and safety requirements of a product, the …” „… quality campaign on the part of recyclers and producers High motivation for circular product design …”

Glossary S. 62-65

„… closed cycles and avoids or recycles waste by design- ing materials, products, systems and business …” „… climate and environmental im-pact is minimal. Design for circularity: Design for circularity is a holistic …” „… design ap-proach that aims to design products in such a way that they can be recycled. Materials and …”

Recommended actions S. 57-59

„… conception and design of end products. High-quality recycla-bility also depends on product design and the …” „… emissions.Designing products consistently for the cycle through a holistic design approachThe path to a circular …” „… aspiration of bringing plastics into a circular economy can hardly be fulfilled by individual actors or …”

Introduction S. 1-7

„… characterised by high quality, reliability and innovative strength and the associated companies in the value …” „… and packaging design. However, awareness of the problem has not yet been matched by adequate progress …” „… high longevity. Although these technological limits can be overcome by changes in product design …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-VI

„… white paper by the Round Table. The quality of the paper was further im-proved thanks to feedback from …” „… circular economy New holistic design approach needed 54 Increasing the effectiveness of design for …” „… circularity 55 Conclusions for the design for circularity 56Recommended actions 57List of sources 60 …”

organising the plastics industry for a circular economy S. 8-13

„… . It replaces the end-of-life concept with closed cycles and avoids or recycles waste by desig-ning …” „… approach, the recycling of waste is already taken into account during product creation (design for …” „… used and being greenhouse gas neutral by 2050 (cf. VCI 2020, p. 2).However, the path to a circular …”

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International Conference on Gears 2019

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2355 2019

Results in this title

T. Kleiber DIN Q6 meets DIN Q10 – Need for modern internal gear production S. 415-424

„… lowering NVH level, but with increase of quality, also costs will go up. The trilemma must get broken by …” „… inspections. Gear quality inspection is in this case highly inspired by methods used for bearings. In some …” „… quality which directly will be highlighted to the quality inspector by FFT-analysis. On the left side …”

A. Pogačnik, U. Kissling Layout of profile modifications for symmetric and asymmetric plastic gears S. 1461-1472

„… effective also for lower manufacturing quality. The layout of profile modifications must be verified by a …” „… are annulated at lower quality by the manufacturing errors and have no or very small effect. So why …” „… 206000 Quality acc. DIN 3961 10 11 12 6 Tooth tip bending Ca (by LTCA), μm 101.5 101.5 101.5 9.1 …”

J. Brimmers, M. Willecke, C. Lopenhaus, C. Brecher Investigation of the potential of using surrogate models in the gear design process S. 727-740

„… parameter sets are defined by means of methods of Design of Experiment (DOE), e.g. full-factorial sampling …” „… space. Thus, the potential of surrogate models in the gear design process is also influenced by the DOE …” „… Investigation of the potential of using surrogate models in the gear design process Jens …”

T. Sturmlinger, A. Comak, A. Albers, S. Gerdhenrichs, R. H. Schmitt Methodical analysis and selection of auto identification systems in the gear box manufacturing S. 1509-1520

„… competitiveness by using auto-identification (Auto-ID) systems in its gear set production. The aim is to analyse …” „… manufacturing constrains and the properties of each technology by the state of the art. To identify the best …” „… to identify and evaluate interdependencies between the design of the current product generation and …”

P. Scholzen, C. Lopenhaus, C. Brecher, D. Billenstein, F. Rieg, G. Hammerl Investigation of the influence of elastic gear body structures on the operational behavior of gears S. 785-796

„… optimization in gear design. The power density of a gear can be increased by geometric gear body modifications …” „… gear body, lightweight construction can be achieved, for example, by designing cutouts. However, the …” „… and Approach The design of the gear body (GB) has a decisive influence on the meshing stiffness of …”

M. Zapf, J. Klose, F. Zanger, V. Schulze Analysis of process forces and surface topography when manufacturing case-hardened gears by double flanked hard skiving S. 1647-1658

„… quality achieved is only Q8 (evaluated by DIN3962). Some gears show a reeling or wobble over the …” „… Analysis of process forces and surface topography when manufacturing case-hardened gears by double …” „… and external gears to substitute gear grinding. Single flanked hard machining by skiving offers …”

A. D. Rauch, C. Wirth An easy-to-use and fast computational model for the prediction of the influence of manufacturing errors on gear transmission error S. 645-656

„… between meshing gears affected by TE is regarded as the main source of excitation for gear whine …” „… issues even though they lie within the requested tolerances. By several parametric studies we …” „… into how manufacturing errors may enrich the excitation spectrum, e.g., by dominant sidebands and …”

B. Schlecht, T. Schulze Improved tooth contact analysis by using virtual gear twins – How helpful is AI for finding best gear design? S. 203-216

„… depending deformations should be influenced by design arrangements in this way that they are reduced or …” „… well as outside. The quality of the results obtained in this way must be ensured by checking with the …” „… design modes is thus adequately transferable to neural networks by a sufficiently large amount of data …”

E. Lothman, L. Kamjou, E. Claesson Gear performance beyond current standards – Implementing increased material fatigue performance in gears S. 915-924

„… Abstract This paper deals with current possibilities to extend the load carrying capacity of gears by …” „… cleanliness. The bending fatigue resistance (tooth root bending) was increased by 45% and the contact fatigue …” „… resistance (surface pitting) was increased by 12% in this particular study according to the external …”

J.-A. Meis, F. Teklote, M. Borowski Simulation of the tooth root strength under consideration of material quality, finishing process and size effects S. 161-172

„… : ML, MQ and ME. These classes lead to different fatigue strength σFlim and are defined by quality …” „… Simulation of the tooth root strength under consideration of material quality, finishing process …” „… ] covers a wide range of influences by using factors derived from gear tests, which are usually performed …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XXVI

„… hypoid endurance Design and rating by means of loaded TCA of straight bevel differential gears …” „… VDI-Berichte 2355 VDI-Society for Product and Process Design International Conference on Gears …” „… unter www.dnb.de abrufbar. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek …”

G.-T. Weber New possibilities for dry hard finishing of internal gears S. 1659-1664

„… material as well as quenched and tempered material. Due to increased demand for geometrical quality and …” „… certain extent, the profile of the manufactured gear by modifications in process kinematics. A further …” „… demand for better gear quality in spur gears and annulus gears. Conventional process chains do not meet …”

J. Fechler, S. Oberle, M. Knopfle, V. Merz Improvement of the noise and vibration behavior of an electromechanical brake booster – An integral approach S. 1431-1442

„… demand by the assistance systems of the vehicle. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2355, 2019 1431 The …” „… are produced by injection molding. Fig. 1: iBooster Gen2 (Picture: Robert Bosch GmbH) Fig. 2 …” „… noise and vibration behaviour of a system is influenced by a lot of parameters and factors. An …”

H. Baour, P. Falbriard Micro skiving – (r)evolution of a known production process S. 1619-1634

„… small module. Constraints related analysis will be made based on the time, cost and quality for each …” „… . Base principle Skiving is a machining process by chip removal allowing cutting by generation internal …” „… has several significant advantages compared to other methods: - Speed of the process - Quality of …”

M. Trubswetter, M. Otto, K. Stahl Evaluation of gear flank surface structure produced by skiving S. 1799-1812

„… process of the tooth flank on noise cannot be estimated by the gear tooth quality [31]. Kohn et al …” „… Evaluation of Gear Flank Surface Structure Produced by Skiving M. Trübswetter, M.Sc …” „… . However, the evaluation proves to be difficult. Gears produced by skiving have a particular surface …”

A. Spatzig, N. Fujimura, T. Monden, T. Kikuchi, K. Yoshikawa, A. Georgoussis Machining process solutions to support the reduction of distortion in ring gears after heat treatment S. 1635-1646

„… option. Soft skiving and hard grinding can provide the best quality by competitive cost. Generating …” „… , the surface quality of the ring gear impacts the performance of the transmission. The right …” „… paper will outline a research study into Super Skiving, a process developed by Mitsubishi Heavy …”

B. Gierl, D. Drummer spur gears S. 1367-1378

„… increase the potential of polymer gears to a certain degree by changing the morphological structure of the …” „… design in design guides like VDI 2736 [3]. The treatment of friction and wear problems is from great …” „… , it is important for a successful design process to look at all possibilities for improving the …”

U. Kissling, U. Stolz, A. Turich Combining gear design with manufacturing process decisions S. 1533-1544

„… is provided by subcontractors. Additionally, gear transmission design continues to become more …” „… for a gear designer to find a suitable variant which can be manufactured by Power Skiving (Fig. 6 …” „… generated manufacturing twist can be determined by the gear design software (Fig. 9). The twist is …”

L. Stocco Complementary strengths of orbitless & planetary drives S. 1485-1496

„… Orbitless drive. A higher quality 32mm Orbitless prototype is evaluated in a multi-stage environment in …” „… quality is improved, and it is concluded that an Orbitless primary stage may be mated with conventional …” „… Planetary drive using sound measurements to corroborate the simulated results. In Section 4, a high quality …”

K. Lubke Virtual gauge for splined shaft-hub joints – Quality inspection and assembly of involute splines in the context of Industry 4.0 S. 1497-1508

„… 4156 define e.g. 30°, 37.5° or 45° [3,4,5,6]. Serration flanks are designed by non-parallel planes …” „… not real it is labeled virtual gauge. The virtual gauge of a spline is defined by the designed …” „… computer-aided gauging the virtual gauge is defined by the designed geometry: for the given example it is an …”

J. Lohmiller, J. Hoffmeister, J. Hermes Conventional high-strength nodular graphite iron as a substitute for austempered ductile iron (ADI) S. 877-892

„… nodular cast iron may be rendered adequate by improving the graphite quality and eliminating casting …” „… can be summarized as follows: The high-quality GJS is characterized by a very fine nodular graphite …” „… . The material was characterized by very fine nodular graphite. The material has been cast into …”

J. Hoffmeister, J. Hermes Optimized tooth root strength by controlled shot peening S. 137-148

„… . Thus, the quality control must also be carried out differently. By cleaning blasting the focus is on …” „… Optimized tooth root strength by controlled shot peening Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Hoffmeister, Dr.-Ing …” „… conditions, so that the process stability is ensured. By applying optimized shot peening parameters, the …”

J. Klose, F. Zanger, V. Schulze Gear skiving of external gears with internally geared tools S. 1579-1590

„… a compromise between tool wear and productivity. The feed is limited either by surface quality or …” „… cutting speed defined by rotation speed and tool diameter. The feed also impacts surface quality by …” „… designed and tested in other projects. The gear geometry is evaluated by measuring on a Zeiss Prismo 5 …”

I. Bae, U. Kissling Comparison of strength ratings of plastic gears by VDI 2736 and JIS B 1759 – In vision of building a new international standard S. 1267-1278

„… level of safety factors and life expectancies if they are designed by different calculation methods …” „… Comparison of Strength Ratings of Plastic Gears by VDI 2736 and JIS B 1759 In Vision of …” „… difficult for engineers to exchange knowledge on design and production which are often done on a global …”

P. Schneyer Large ring gear milling technology on universal machines – Philosophy of complete machining concept on a universal machine S. 1603-1618

„… device is a sphere which can be mounted on the gear ring by a magnetic prism. To compare the quality of …” „… machine concept. Complete workpiece machining by one universal machine helps to minimize the …” „… nonproductive work (workpiece setup, -transport) as well as it leads to higher Quality. When it comes to …”

P. Barreiro, J. Hoffmeister, J. Hermes, A. Bronner New improvement opportunities through applying topology optimization combined with 3D printing to the construction of gearbox housings S. 1823-1834

„… of the "X Series" designed by SEW-EURODRIVE offers the greatest potential for economic production …” „… of gearbox housings is severely restricted by all the currently used machining processes. 3D metal …” „… technologies regarding the design of gearbox housings. As a result of this investigation, a topology optimized …”

H.-J. Dennig, S. Monn, A. Vodermayer Thermoplastic high performance composite gears S. 1279-1290

„… polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and endless carbon fibers. Behind these results is a research project funded by …” „… . Introduction Currently, the gear market is dominated by metal gears and plastic gears. The main advantages of …” „… near-surface area. The pitting is also effected by the shear stresses and the thermal stresses due to the …”

T. Inoue, S. Kurokawa Improving the Estimation accuracy of fishing reel sensation caused by gear vibration using tactile response delay time S. 1123-1134

„… derived by the meshing simulation. Therefore, a high efficiency of the gear design can be expected …” „… experiments and production of samples is a huge advantage in gear designing. By applying this method in the …” „… Improving the Estimation Accuracy of Fishing Reel Sensation Caused by Gear Vibration Using …”

R. Weidig, H. J. Weimar Powertrain NVH improvement with high-performance polymer gears S. 1421-1430

„… segment have increased expectation on comfort and quality. Gear rattle and whine in mass balance …” „… automotive megatrend, driven by global legislation, to reduce the overall Emissions has opened new demanding …” „… and fluids respectively potential creep, polymer gears can offer many cost, design, processing and …”

A. Mihailidis, A. Psarros FEM analysis of the load distribution over the face width of helical gear pairs considering deviations, misalignments and deformations S. 193-202

„… . of Machine Elements and Machine Design, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece Abstract …” „… by each slice is calculated by taking into account the meshing stiffness. Deviation, misalignments …” „… element mesh is then created exploiting smart software features. Results are obtained by making extensive …”

D. Marino, H. Binz, M. Bachmann Analytical design method for beveloid gears with a small shaft angle and offset S. 391-402

„… applicability of this method is then demonstrated by selected examples. Compared to existing design strategies …” „… Analytical Design Method for Beveloid Gears with a Small Shaft Angle and Offset Daniel Marino …” „… arrangement of the gear axes within space. However, there is a need for a generally applicable design method …”

S.-G. Moon, S.-C. Kim, J.-H. Sohn, G.-H. Lee 2-stage gearbox optimization to minimize weight and maximize gear mesh efficiency considering the gear ratio for high speed gear S. 1237-1244

„… specifications are determined by considering the efficiency. In the optimization, th e design conditions and …” „… design and increased efficiency by 0.2 %. The final design may change in a more favourable direction …” „… design of the high speed 2 stage gearbox was performed and the results were analyzed. The objective …”

B. Brodmann, H. Bodschwinna Scattered light measurement on worm gears with high efficiency requirements S. 1567-1578

„… Abstract: The quality of the surface finish of gears is of considerable importance for the …” „… usable in industrial practice and therefore have no significance. By contrast, the scattered light …” „… the efficiency of the transmission can be established by measuring the scattered light parameter Aq …”

E. Maier, T. Lohner, K. Stahl, P. Sperka, M. Hartl Detailed analyses of film thickness and friction in thermoplastic EHL contacts S. 1391-1400

„… , the contact radius and film thickness could be affected by internal damping. This can have also an …” „… significantly (isoviscous regime). Thus, small shear rates caused by material compliance and small incontact …” „… approaches to estimate film thickness as a characteristic quantity relevant in machine design [3, 4, 5 …”

B. J . Siewerin, T. Tobie, K. Stahl, A. Dobler Flank load carrying capacity of hard-soft gear pairings S. 173-184

„… designed without flank modifications. The test runs have been lubricated by two different greases. Both …” „… machines are used that are driven by large gear drives. They often contain a hard, case-hardened pinion …” „… load carrying capacity usually is a major design criterion for all gear pairings. Although pitting, in …”

N. Yildirim, M. Yasar, E. Yildirim, F. Erdogan, B. Karatas Experimental verification of improvements in static and fatigue bending capacity of spur gear tooth via tooth root design optimization S. 959-972

„… gear pair is first analyzed for standard type of gear design with symmetric tooth root by using finite …” „… have been modified by the tooth root re-design and improved gear tooth fatigue life comparatively …” „… (from 59385cycle to 159884cycle) by replacing symmetric root design by asymmetric root design. 4 …”

S. Detzel, Y. S. Krieger, M. F. Traeger, T. C. Lueth Design of gear surface models for 3D-printing of plastic gears S. 1401-1410

„… Experiments The tooth root load capacity of spur gears designed by the software and fabricated by SLS using …” „… failure were investigated in a series of endurance trials with a range of spur gears designed by the …” „… Design of gear surface models for 3D-printing of plastic gears S. Detzel, M.Sc., Y. S …”

M. Heider, B. Pinnekamp, A. Beinstingel Planetary gears: modes, noise and modifications application and validation of simulation and experiment S. 57-68

„… design of excitation-optimized profile modifications were confirmed by a measurement study comparing two …” „… impacts of gear design and flank modification on noise and vibration excitation are theoretically …” „… criterion for a successful gear design. In many theoretical and experimental investigations and papers the …”

J. Thomas, C. Gosselin, P. Eng Design and rating by means of loaded TCA of straight bevel differential gears S. 493-504

„… Design and rating by means of loaded TCA of straight bevel differential gears Dr.-Ing. Joachim …” „… LTCA calculations using a straight bevel gear design by HyGEARS: i) using the integrated LTCA module …” „… or by a Coniflex® face milling generator are easily designed using the HyGEARS software …”

J. Ahn, C. H. Choi, J. H. Yu, S. C. Kim A study of dynamic behavior of tractor pto driveline to analyze a rattle noise S. 461-470

„… , in the previous research, the gear rattle noise was reduced by minimizing the excitation force of the …” „… drive system. The power generated by the engine is directly transmitted to the PTO gear through the …” „… by the gear collision. In order to reduce the torque ripple transmitted to the pinion gear, a …”

M. Solf, C. Lopenhaus, T. Bergs Influence of elastic effects on the grinding force in plunging bevel gear grinding S. 1687-1696

„… finishing of gears has become a necessary process step for many applications. Hard finishing by grinding is …” „… quality can be achieved. For bevel gears, grinding is used especially in case of high quality …” „… plays an important role in the knowledge-based process design. Previous investigations showed that the …”

C. Gosselin, E. Fritz, L. Seiler Design and CnC manufacturing of face milled beveloid gears S. 379-390

„… Design and CnC Manufacturing of Face Milled Beveloid Gears Claude Gosselin, Ph.D., P.Eng …” „… with pitch angles of opposite signs to allow backlash adjustment by relative axial movement of the …” „… of productivity and quality, the hobbing process is preferred since continuous indexing ensures very …”

J. Han, Y. Zhu, X. Tian, L. Xia A method of tooth longitudinal modification for internal gearing power honing S. 1725-1738

„… the normal deviation of the tooth surface caused by the change of each design variable k,j …” „… . Therefore, the variation of design parameters in Eq. (8) can be solved by linear regression method, such as …” „… the tooth surface is obtained by changing the design parameters independently. Sensitivity matrix can …”

J. Cathelin Material data for advanced plastic gear simulation S. 1335-1344

„… named “Working condition”, “Material Choice” and “Design”; they are input parameters given by the gear …” „… , SABIC, Geleen, The Netherlands Abstract Today, plastic gear designers have much more choices …” „… guidelines, the JIS B1759 for Japan and VDI 2736 for Germany, are known. Moreover, designers are facing a …”

B. Karpuschewski, T. Lierse, S. Schulze Inline-deep rolling – a new approach to increase tooth root load capacity S. 1787-1798

„… the other are mounted “in line” on a roller holder. By Fig. 3: Schematic design and mode of action of …” „… increase of the tooth root load capacity can be created by the optimization of the roller and tool design …” „… , M.Sc. Steffen Schulze, Machine Tools, Manufacturing, Assembly & Quality (WFM), University of …”

J. Pellkofer, M. Hein, K. Stahl, T. Reimann, M. Hombauer New calculation method of the micropitting load carrying capacity of bevel and hypoid gears S. 517-528

„… lead to a constantly rising power density. Thus, a major aspect during the design process of a bevel …” „… stressed bevel and hypoid gears is micropitting. It is characterized by very small, fatigue-related …” „… micropitting. The calculation of the micropitting load carrying capacity is strongly influenced by the …”

V. I. Goldfarb, E. S. Trubachev, K. V. Bogdanov, T. A. Pushkareva Prospects of manufacturing spiroid gears with small gear ratios S. 1665-1674

„… . Numerical examples are given for the possible substitution of truck and tram hypoid gears by different …” „… gears and they are in many respects similar to common worm cylindrical gears by their methods of …” „… production and operation. In order to overcome the second difficulty, the method of machining by a …”

K. Smrczkova Wear resistant plastics – Bespoke plastic compounds for plastic gears S. 1345-1356

„… performed. The design and construction phase can be supported by ALBIS Plastic with component simulation …” „… (e.g. by grease, oil) is not wanted or impossible. ALCOM® WP – Wear Protect are modified compounds with …” „… component design. 3. Introduction of bear and friction values Friction properties of polymer materials …”

X. Tian, Y. Wu, J. Han, L. Xia Online estimate and compensation of the gear machining error based on electronic gearbox cross-coupling controller S. 1835-XXVIII

„… multi-axis controller, which is used to realize the gear generation process. Gear processing quality is …” „… higher accuracies are obtained for the helical gear, processed by the proposed method. Key words …” „… effectively solved by replacing the mechanical gearboxes with the electronic gearboxes, which employee a …”

S. J. Ma, G. Y. Wu, G. Liu Study on the contact characteristics of threaded surfaces in a planetary roller screw mechanism S. 1155-1164

„… quality. 6. Acknowledgments The research is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China …” „… calculate the contact positions in an idealized PRSM design. Until now, few contact models have been …” „… model presented in this paper is verified by the comparison with analytical model. Finally, the contact …”

F. Concli, L. Maccioni, C. Gorla Power loss analysis of different high-power density gearbox typologies: CFD analysis and experimental measurements on a cycloidal gear set S. 101-114

„… not anymore working properly. In addition, the design of harmonic drives is strongly limited by the …” „… highlighting the need of new tools and methodologies to optimize the internal design, avoiding thermal …” „… designs rely on planetary, harmonic and cycloidal architectures. Although, thanks to many years of …”

F. Muller, S. Schumann, B. Schlecht Determination of S-N curves for pitting based on local damage analysis S. 657-668

„… Design (IMM), Technische Universität Dresden Abstract In gear technology, high demands are placed …” „… damage analysis on the example of bevel gears. By using detailed information about location and course …” „… used to increase the amount of information from a single experiment. Hence, by using this method the …”

B. van Wissen, M. Kanters, F. Mitsuzuka, K. Iwanaga, Ir. A. Hasanovic Predicting wear for high performance plastic gears S. 1323-1334

„… design. Another option is to use data gathered via simplified tests and test specimens, such as a …” „… contact pressure is observed at x = 0 and defined by: ∗ ∗ (5) The total sliding distance per …” „… cycle can then be derived by analyzing the changing contact between two points, as shown by Kanters et …”

C. M. Illenberger, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Flank load carrying capacity of oil-lubricated high performance plastic gears – Analysis of the pitting development in back-to-back tests S. 1379-1390

„… started and first results were evaluated. 2. State of Knowledge Design and load carrying capacity …” „… improve cooling of the plastic gear the oil is held back by a barrage that establishes an oil level at …” „… insert [8]. Figure 2 shows a sectional view of the plastic test gear design. Due to manufacturing …”

C. Brecher, C. Lopenhaus, F. Goergen Transfer of the tooth flank stress into an analogy test concept to provoke the damage pattern tooth flank fracture (TFF) S. 25-36

„… sequences can be achieved by an optimized positioning of the actuators. It can be shown that the resulting …” „… stress condition in the TFF critical area of the tooth volume can be represented by the analogy test …” „… development of TFF is evaluated. Subsequently, the analogy concept developed by KONOWALCZYK for the …”

P. L. Yin, J. H. Wang, C. X. Lu Digital twin of gear measuring center (dtgmc) S. 1521-1532

„… construction and application value of DTGMC were discussed, and DTGMC was validated by an example of …” „… new idea and method to improve the measurement quality of GMC. Key words: Digital twin; Gear …” „… measuring accuracy of GMC is affected by the interaction of many factors, such as instrument error, software …”

M. Schrank, C. Kiesewetter-Marko, C. Lopenhaus, A. Epple, T. Bergs, C. Brecher Approach for modeling elasticity in the gear honing process S. 1697-1706

„… build simulation, a characteristic value to describe the elasticity is calculated. By using this …” „… reproducible gear quality [2]. For hard finishing, several high performance processes with undefined cutting …” „… process, the process was scientifically investigated with regard to kinematics and process design as well …”

C. Lu, J. Wang, P. Yin Evaluation method of measuring software based on virtual gear measuring center S. 1173-1180

„… affecting the accuracy of the Gear Measuring Center (GMC). It is mainly tested by physical experiment or …” „… centered on the testing of the evaluation algorithm by preparing a set of standard test data [2 through 4 …” „… evaluate the measuring software quality independently and completely. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2355, 2019 1173 A …”

A. Carbonelli Transferring knowledge about gear systems to machines in order to improve diagnosis efficiency S. 1065-1076

„… building models on moderate amount of data enriched by human expertise and knowledge form a more suitable …” „… its whole process oriented by the goal of the analysis: determine whether a given gear system is …” „… healthy or not. Then, the next level of default characterization is reached by using different condition …”

Y. Hawwari, J. Touzet, H. Andre, H. I. Cakar, I. Khelf, L. Alloin Ring gear tooth cracks detected using instantaneous angular speed: wind turbine application S. 1039-1052

„… mentioning the considerable cost implied by the associated corrective maintenance operations. This paper …” „… Condition Monitoring Systems (CMS) by introducing the cyclostationary approach. Then, the highlight was put …” „… perfect, the IAS signal is sensitive to a particular error caused by the measurement tool imperfection …”

S. Matkovič, A. Pogačnik, M. Kalin Comparison between VDI 2736 wear calculation and experimentally obtained results S. 1311-1322

„… , 3.7·10-6 (Rz = 0.45 µm) and 7.8·10-6 mm3/Nm (Rz = 1.5 µm). Those values were obtained by R. Feulner et. al …” „… measurement in real time can be performed. Such measurements can be done by measuring the movement of the …” „… bearing block, which rotates around the pivot by relatively large angles [4]. This way the measurement is …”

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AUTOREG 2017

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2292 2017

Results in this title

J. Richenhagen, M. Schumacher, J. Pinnekamp, V. Kumar Konenki Developing Adaptive Lighting in an Agile Software Factory S. 461-474

„… the described requirements by means of structured design principles are becoming more and more …” „… sector is characterized by a long design life cycle with multiple collaborations between manufacturers …” „… final loop the quality of the software model increased to full product quality by using the automated …”

M. Behle, A.-M. Meyer New methods for control algorithm design S. 475-478

„… called SCODE method (System CO-DEsign). Supported by the SCODE tool the engineers are able to capture …” „… New methods for control algorithm design Dr. Markus Behle, Dipl.-Ing. Dipl.-Inform …” „… . Arndt-Michael Meyer, ETAS GmbH, Stuttgart Nowadays, one of the challenges in control design is, that …”

S. Gantenbein, M. Weiss, E. Ivers-Tiffée Elektrochemische Charakterisierung und physikalische Modellierung von Lithium-Ionen Batterien S. 157-170

„… ηCT,C and ηCT/SEI,A are measured and separated by the application of electrochemical impedance …” „… diffusion losses ηDiff,A/C are studied by a current interruption method in the time domain which is the …” „… of varying quality with respect to accuracy, computation time, real-time capability and physical …”

M. Grotjahn, B. Luck, M. Feldt Nichtlineare adaptive Regelung und Störkraftkompensation für elektrische Gaspfadaktoren S. 337-352

„… within the engine’s gas path. The mass flows are regulated by gas path actuators. A variety of non-linear …” „… linear control approaches, which are gain-scheduled by parameter maps, cannot systematically take into …” „… Linearization (EL) is combined with joint state and a parameter estimation by an Extended KALMAN-Filter (EKF …”

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LAND.TECHNIK 2022

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2395 2022

Results in this title

A. Lindenberger, M. Uhl, M. Frank Influence of design and operating parameters on crop-flow characteristics in a self-propelled forage harvester (SPFH) using experimental and numerical methods S. 457-464

„… then be analyzed visually by high-speedcamera recordings and the pulping quality in the same way as for …” „… settings on the pulping quality. A high pulping grade is indicated by a high amount of particles smaller …” „… kernel-processor tests loaded by corn Fig. 9 points out pulping quality trends where the kernel-processor unit is …”

S. Schwich, J. Schattenberg, L. Frerichs, M. Gallmeier Adaptive control of a self-propelled sugar beet harvester S. 447-456

„… , which are representing deterministic terms of the fuzzy experts’ descriptions of the quality. By …” „… with the quality model. The target is defined by the operators’ soil-damage ratio. Conclusion The …” „… Adaptive control of a self-propelled sugar beet harvester Harvester-quality interactions …”

M. Mosker Current Developments and Challenges in the Range of Tractor Mounted Forage Harvesters S. 465-472

„… models, by means of disc conditioners. Fig. 2: Disc wheel [3] Fig. 3: Chopping drum [1 …” „… appeared in the self-propelled forage harvesters in the design form which is still being used today. In …” „… terms of chop quality, the chopping drum is greatly superior to the disc wheel. Unless a conditioner …”

C. Scholz, B. Pamornnak, S. Becker, A. Ruckelshausen Practice of autonomous field robotics compared to a tractor-implement-combination for the example of mechanical weed control S. 111-116

„… highest yield, followed by the tractor-implement-combination with the chemical spraying, a big-size field …” „… . Introduction Weed control is necessary to make significant yield, high-quality products, and high value for …” „… approaches as long-term autonomy, the quality of processes, legal and economic aspects (such as functional …”

S. Lorenz Machine operation task analysis – A deeper look into the shift of task profiles within operating agricultural cyber-physical production systems S. 473-484

„… could be beneficial for decision quality and well-being. Familiar situations, either by real-life …” „… scenarios within user-friendly work conditions by considering human capabilities, competencies and …” „… what they probably do best, currently the division of tasks is rather defined by the limitations of …”

K. Singh Sian Frugal Innovation – “Doing more with less” S. 193-202

„… , it is very common to develop products based on existing solutions by downgrading, downscaling or …” „… conditions and by putting less focus on comfort or high-tech solutions (less hydraulic or electric …” „… to not covering the needs by manual methods like grain harvesting products or plantation products …”

N. Strieker, T. Kohmascher Increased Dynamics and System Efficiency with Position-Controlled Hydraulic Cylinder S. 125-132

„… stroke and frequency is reduced by the application of a smaller cylinder. The power supply via the …” „… distribution quality of the chopped material can be critical for the combine buying decision, since it will …” „… winds. The even distribution of the chopped material across the whole working width is achieve by the …”

D. Smart, V. Brill AEF – High Speed ISOBUS – Technology Readiness for a Next Generation Network S. 551-558

„… automotive design-win and compare that to the number of parts you might sell for the entire Agricultural …” „… Industry. You will first put your engineering resources to work toward that automotive design-win. There …” „… been possible for many years. With HSI, the more common “analog” cameras are replaced by digital …”

M. Holovač, J. Krzywinski Aspects of sustainability improvement in the design of future agricultural systems S. 203-218

„… place during design ideation, for example, by implementing modular solutions in the system, thus …” „… and could be described by: „Without compromising usual design criteria such as costs, appearance and …” „… quality, all environmental impacts of a design outcome throughout the complete life cycle should be taken …”

M. Bruck Lost, but reconnected virtually – AEF ISOBUS Plugfest is back and better than ever S. 405-412

„… engineers have similar traits. They want to provide new and better designs, and the best possible products …” „… locations, by means of the internet. Many technical issues such as delays due to long distances were …” „… between tractor and implement. This combination often consists of components manufactured by different …”

Y. Ehlert A Modular Approach for a Dialog Based Assistance System to Adjust and Optimize Machines and Machine Combinations for Different Agricultural Applications S. 273-278

„… is not only realized by simple growth of the machines and installed engine power, but also by more …” „… utilize the full potential in terms of working quality, performance and efficiency. Even trained …” „… knowledge, has been developed by CLAAS (CEMOS). The system guides the operator with a step by step dialog …”

R. R. Shamshiri, C. Weltzien, T. Schutte Multi-Sensor Data Fusion with Fuzzy Knowledge-based Controller for Collision Avoidance of a Mobile Robot S. 349-358

„… engines have contributed to the design and development of farming robots by providing virtual …” „… controller ECUs Controller design: A fuzzy knowledge-based control algorithm was designed according to the …” „… four-wheel steering mobile robot by means of multiple infrared (IR) and laser distance detection sensors in …”

C. Krause, N. Iqbal, J. Hertzberg, M. Hollmann, J. Martinez, D. Nieberg, A. Ruckelshausen, S. Stiene, S. Rottgermann, M. Muter, A. Berghaus, J. Herbers, S. Menke Concept of a Test Environment for the Automated Evaluation of Algorithms for Robust and Reliable Environment Perception S. 177-184

„… conflict with a reliable interpretation of the environment by conventional sensor systems. Influences like …” „… conditions. Environmental Conditions and Experiments Agricultural environments are characterized by harsh …” „… , the design principles for highly automated agricultural machinery are specified e.g. in [9]. Due to …”

M. Grella, P. Marucco, F. Gioelli, P. Balsari, L. Athanasakos, N. Mylonas, S. Fountas, I. Zwertvaegher, D. Nuyttens, A. Caffini, F. Meroni, R. Rossi Airblast sprayer electrification for real-time, continuous fan-airflow adjustment according to canopy density during pesticide application in 3D crops S. 389-396

„… velocity, are crucial factors influencing the quality of the spray application and the amount of …” „… controller. The density values are received by the controller and then processed through an algorithm. The …” „… speed is then communicated by the controller to the electrically driven fan inverter. The results …”

R. A. Rohrer, J. D. Luck Automated Droplet Size and Rate Control via Electromechanically Actuated Variable-Orifice Nozzles and Boom Pressure S. 117-124

„… valve technologies. The primary goal of this research was to develop such control logic by managing …” „… droplets sizes with continuous flow; the design intent of commercial nozzles has generally been to …” „… prototype nozzle [4] were retained in the updated design but additional features were added to create a …”

C. J. Lee, S. Schatzle, S. A. Lang Evaluation of perception sensors for safety of highly automated machine operations S. 163-170

„… detection reliability is critical for the design of such a perception system. In this paper we present a …” „… detection confidence of each sensor is crucial for the design of a functionally safe and reliable system …” „… )” normalizes the sensor resolution to a FOV of 1°×1°. Pixel/point density can be converted by calculating the …”

F. Martin, G. Lohrmann, A. Stoll Selective weed control in grassland using high-pressure water jets S. 105-110

„… species protection. So far, non-chemical control of Colchicum autumnale is only possible by mulching in …” „… out the plants one by one is effective, but very labor intensive [1]. Attempts to remove the flowers …” „… concept. Based on previously analyzed image data, a device can treat individual weeds by applying a …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XVI

„… information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek (German National Library) The Deutsche …” „… by CIELab color space – detection of N supply and plant discrimination …” „… Cross-Company Co-Operation by Systems Engineering Implementation and Application …”

M. Abdipourchenarestansofla, C. Schroth The importance of data quality assessment for machinery data in the field of agriculture S. 495-500

„… also a study by Zhang et al. [5] on improving the accuracy of the quality of fertilizer applicators in …” „… The importance of data quality assessment for machinery data in the field of agriculture …” „… production in agricultural. The data obtained can help the farmer with optimization or decision support by …”

S. Rottgermann, S. Haverkamp Fundamental Concept for Highly Automated Implements with Distinct Regard To Process Automation S. 359-364

„… and controller. By evaluating this – and the second already implemented – use case has become …” „… ) autonomous machine, where a driver is being replaced by a controller with – at least a bit of – artificial …” „… view, the work result in the field is caused by the implement and not by the tractor. As the meaning …”

F. Wohlfahrt, T. Gores, S. Terorde, L. Frerichs Applicability Evaluations of Methane based Powertrain and Energy Storage Systems on High Performance Harvesting Machine Applications S. 423-430

„… handling [1, 6]. A significant weight-difference can be made by the choice of the storagetype (composite …” „… for fuel-storage by far making additional integration spaces necessary. Integration concepts …” „… Caused by the space-requirements of the functional drives and the already reached legislative …”

K. Palm, J. Guo, L. Frerichs, A. Eitzlmayr, F. Maier, P. Seil Calibration of soil models within the Discrete Element Method (DEM) S. 45-54

„… process was designed by use of the tool Aspherix® by DCS computing. For the calibration process, a …” „… quality of the soil cultivation (furrow form, mixing), the modelling of the soil itself is of high …” „… model are sufficient [2]. Cohesive soil can be represented by the Hysteric Spring model, which is …”

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LAND.TECHNIK 2020

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2374 2020

Results in this title

S. Cazzaniga, M. Zecchi, R. Marella, T. Beavers How to improve operator comfort in a tractor with low noise gear pump technology S. 335-344

„… pulsations by 78%. In fig. 1 the three different designs: low noise gear pump with special asymmetric gear …” „… versus a standard gear pump. In addition, the special asymmetric gear tooth profile, by design, has a …” „… . Machine designers can decrease noise exposure in several ways; considering a hydraulic gear pump used for …”

N. Fischer Data insight and expert knowledge combined to maximize uptime S. 55-60

„… field contribute to improved future machine design. The MMC enables the generation of customer centric …” „… collaboration of the key stakeholders in the Technical Service, Engineering, and Quality departments of all AGCO …” „… , telemetry failure code data, warranty claim data, case management data, product quality data, etc. The MMC …”

H. Wanta, M. Holovac, S. Lorenz, J. Krzywinski Evaluation of Human-Machine Interactions with Autonomous Agricultural Systems through Cyber-physical Prototypes S. 245-266

„… natural perception of the designed machine design is only possible to a limited extent via the physical …” „… . Krzywinski, Chair of Industrial Design Engineering, Technical University Dresden Abstract The …” „… agricultural sector is massively influenced by today’s social and economic situation worldwide, for example by …”

C. Högemeier, C. Bußmann, R. Middelberg, P.-E. Dziadek Integration of a crop moisture sensor in a combine harvester in order to improve the automatic machine adjustment S. 187-194

„… the capacitor. By interpreting the capacitance, the amount of water inside the measuring range can be …” „… , several calibration models of different crop varieties have to be calculated by regression analysis. For …” „… this purpose, plenty of samples with various degrees of moisture have to be examined by gravimetric …”

C. Depenbrock, L. Frerichs New approach for an innovative straw management with the ”Kombi-Mulcher“ S. 395-404

„… front of the cutting unit. Furthermore, the straw quality should not be affected by the cutting process …” „… analysis for the design of a socalled ”Kombi Mulcher”. This consideration is carried out holistically …” „… are being created by weather extremes with rapidly rising precipitation at harvest time. One possible …”

F. Mörth, J. Pfeil Legal Risks and Chances of Automation in Agriculture – Is EU regulation stifling or promoting innovation? S. 93-102

„… . Introduction New automation technologies, driven by data and incorporating emerging techniques – such as …” „… agriculture [1]. By fostering a healthy environment, economic profitability, and social and economic equity …” „… autonomous systems. There- VDI-Berichte Nr. 2374, 2020 93 by the focus lies on implications for manufacturers …”

M. Schikora, J. Wildt, M. Zies, T. Schaare, V. Hadamschek, M. Bender Automatic weed spectrum and weed pressure assessment with RGB imagery S. 287-294

„… ground area already covered by weeds. A system for a further automated system for hyperlocal weed …” „… covered by weeds. A system for a further automated system for hyperlocal weed assessment is presented in …” „… underlying scene. From this knowledge we can estimate the area covered by the field of view of the camera …”

R. Haas, C. Hoffmann Cyber Threats and Cyber Risks in Smart Farming S. 37-46

„… farming sector has not been hit by sophisticated attacks at least as far as these have become public …” „… system (AMS). These systems automate the milking process in such a way that only minimal interference by …” „… role to increase yield as well as product quality, improve efficiency and reduce losses …”

D. Cook, J. Viramontes ROS2 for Autonomous Agriculture Applications S. 103-130

„… moving at a fast pace driven by the market needs for increased agricultural production and efficiencies …” „… been enabled by broader advances in robotics technology that spans multiple technologies (e.g. vision …” „… performs the transfer function math in the background that allows sensors to be described by a physical …”

S. Tanner Experience gained in developing Autonomous Robots using AI and spot spraying to weed open field crops S. 213-222

„… operator. Risk 1 is solved by robust positioning systems, the residual risk being very low by design. It …” „… spot-spraying weeding in open-field crops. Among the many different possible design options of an autonomous …” „… agricultural robot, the paper presents the rationale behind key choices in the design of two autonomous …”

T. Loddenkemper, R. Schulte Spray-IQ Top – An Intelligent PWM Valve For Field Sprayer Nozzles S. 323-328

„… speeding up or slowing down. A typical controller changes the flow by adjusting the pump pressure. The …” „… pressure, however, affects spray quality and spray patterns. Higher pressures result in finer sprays with …” „… nozzles by means of pneumatics. With combinations of nozzles different application rates on a section …”

J. Osten, C. Weyers, J. Petereit Modular and Scalable Automation for Field Robots – Lighthouse project “Cognitive Agriculture” S. 227-232

„… processes by developing a living digital ecosystem called Agriculture Data Space. A short introduction to …” „… the ADS. Another aspect aimed at by the COGNAC project is the networking between the ADS-enabling …” „… empowered to control their own shared data in the process by introducing usage control options. One aim is …”

M. Hengst, T. Herlitzius, S. Pantke, P. Zirker Tool management, controlling and condition detection for highly automated/autonomous soil cultivation S. 73-82

„… ]. Most of them are characterised by low weight and energy consumption, site-specific field work and "24/7 …” „… field. Until now, these tasks have only been carried out by the operator, and in the future this will …” „… have to be done by a tool management system. Tool Management - Current Situation / State of the Art …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XIV

„… sind im Internet unter www.dnb.de abrufbar. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche …” „… , SLU, Uppsala, Sweden Design and analysis of a magnetic-electrical power split gearbox for application …” „… define a quality value of precision seed placement …”

T. Stein Automatic logging and situation-related evaluation of manufacturer independent machine data S. 47-54

„… or the data logger provided by manufacturers for example, which is problematic, cause most farmers …” „… ”, supported by the Federal Ministry for Food and Agriculture. The aim of the project BiDa-LAP is to develop …” „… Technische Universität Berlin, Chair Machinery System Design, as well as the development of a smart phone …”

H. Bernhardt, M. Bozkurt, E. Colangelo, J. HorstmannM. Kraft, J. Marquering, T. Steckel, H. Tapken, C. Westerkamp, C. Weltzien Industry 4.0 and Agriculture 4.0 – The same or different? S. 167-174

„… the 20th century, the third industrial revolution began, characterised by the automation of …” „… the production paradigm, made possible by the development of one or more technologies that trigger a …” „… ; they touch and influence the whole of society. The current stage, caused by the fourth industrial …”

N. Niebrügge, M. Terhaag, M. Ensink Full digital video solution as a forward-looking technology for High Speed ISOBUS S. 295-302

„… developed by ANEDO and combine a digital video stream and ISOBUS implement operations through a native …” „… base features as its analogue PAL / NTSC counterpart but at a higher quality, as the bandwidth offers …” „… cannot identify a camera at all, the digital cameras are identified by their unique MAC-Address. The …”

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Drivetrain for Vehicles 2016

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2276 2016

Results in this title

M. Spreckels, U. Christoffer Efficient synchronizer for comfort and performance – increase of manual and dual clutch transmissions S. 207-220

„… efficiency of an equivalent multiple cone synchronizer. Shift quality characterized by height and …” „… optimized gradually by improvements of materials, manufacturing methods or the design (Fig. 1). State of …” „… major impact on functionality and the quality of the shift felt by the driver. Good shift quality …”

Y. Takeda, M. Kawaminami, M. Tsuchida, H. Takekawa Gear Whine Noise Reduction Technology of New Model Transmission for FF-Hybrid Vehicle S. 435-450

„… transmission design example that we adopted for the aim of gear whine noise reduction by the new gear train …” „… structure. 6-1-1 Gear dimensions design in consideration of sound quality The hybrid transmission has …” „… . 6-2-1 Resonance frequency separation by case design The transmission error is amplified by the dynamic …”

A. Albers, S. Ott, N. Bursac, S. Rapp Product Generation Engineering – efficient and effective to innovative drivetrain solutions S. 17-32

„… by side across the vehicle width. To get along with the particularly narrow design space in the …” „… Proceedings of NordDesign 2014 Conference, edited by M. Laakso and K. Ekman, 2014. Albers, A., and …” „… functionality.” In An Anthology of Theories and Models of Design, edited by L.T.M. Blessing and A. Chakrabarti …”

J. Willert, C. Bünder Modular and Scalable Approaches in Layshaft Transmission Design S. 167-176

„… systems”. This is represented by a specifically designed hydraulic actuation system with a mechanically …” „… can be universally applied, their characteristics are designed by a common software module …” „… Modular and Scalable Approaches in Layshaft Transmission Design Dr. Ing. Jörg Willert, Dr. Ing …”

M. Hochrein, F. Mühlfeld, J. Buhl CBW system by ZF – maximum efficiency with maximum acceptance – Maximum efficiency with maximum acceptance S. 109-120

„… designs have to be covered by the clutch actuator design. The clutch pedal should also just slightly be …” „… mainly be defined by the quality of the freewheeling function. But the implementation of additional …” „… the system design All these parameters have been taken into account by ZF CBW system. A long …”

K. Fronius, A. Harsch, P. Neuwirth, J. Gindele The AMG SPEEDSHIFT DCT from the Mercedes-Benz 7G-DCT Family – Performance for the Road and Race Track in the Compact Segment S. 53-68

„… (park-by-wire) The premise of the project was to adapt the design of the transmission variant for AMG in the …” „… process by Mercedes-Benz so that customization can take place as early as the primary design, and the …” „… route profiles used in the design are driven here on test benches powered by combustion engines. To map …”

F. Pflüger Virtual calibration of conventional & hybrid drivetrain strategy – Transfer drive strategy calibration from vehicle in a virtual environment S. 563-576

„… methods are highly subjective. A given calibration can be rated very differently by different drivers …” „… , shorter development cycles and increasing quality requirements dictate calibration quality to be …” „… measureable: quality has to be impartial. VDI-Berichte 2276, 2016 563 Furthermore the costs for prototypes …”

R. Moehlmann Modular design for driveline mechatronic systems – Global development strategy driven by automotive market demands in the context of global competition S. 309-320

„… Modular design for driveline mechatronic systems Global development strategy driven by …” „… product quality. 3. Overview of modular design for AWD-Systems and eDrive-Systems Figure 2 shows an …” „… development flexibility by the opportunity to outsource (internal & external) design activities. (Work …”

H.-W. Raedt, F. Wilke, C.-S. Ernst Lightweight Design in transmission by forging technology in passenger cars and light commercial vehicles S. 485-502

„… Lightweight Design in transmission by forging technology in passenger cars and light commercial …” „… version. This is possible by designing the rail not as a cylinder with additional geometries for function …” „… lightweight design potential of 42 kg in the powertrain and chassis of a passenger car. This successful …”

S. Foulard, S. Rinderknecht, R. Fietzek Paradigm Change in Transmission Design by Online Condition Prediction – Cost- Efficient and Resource-Optimized Lightweight Design based on the eLIFE and ecoLIFE3 Concepts S. 515-530

„… Paradigm Change in Transmission Design by Online Condition Prediction Cost-Efficient and …” „… design procedure and the dynamic effects in the drivetrain are reproduced by the torque observer …” „… from the design load collectives and the calculated damage state caused by the real loads. In addition …”

R. König, A. Viehmann, S. Rinderknecht Development of the transmission control for a High-Speed Multi-Gear Powertrain Concept for Electric Vehicles S. 543-562

„… torque. Also changes in the dog clutch design could bring improvement, especially by diminishing the …” „… from SM to SF are from GETRAG series production. The dog clutch as shown on the right was designed by …” „… research topics of high interest. By raising the maximum speed of an electric motor the power density can …”

W. Hinz, G. Bednarek The new 8-speed FWD Automatic Transmission for General Motors / A. Opel AG S. 383-396

„… globe. The objectives for this transmission development was to achieve class leading shift quality …” „… was supported by appropriate simulation tools to reduce engineering efforts for integrating the …” „… 6-speed versions, it was possible to reduce the noise level by running at lower engine speeds and …”

R. Nasdal, U. Bernhardt Cascaded gears: Possible Applications and Experiences S. 101-108

„… weight. This concept requires automatic shifting and adds complexity on the gear design. With the first …” „… efficiency. The new set of development targets is more about shift quality, noise reduction and weight …” „… realized by a coupling device between 5th and 6th gear, connecting both transmission paths. The …”

V. Warth, B. Reick, B. Bertsche, M. Geimer Efficient analysis of complex continuously variable power split transmissions with multiple in- and outputs S. 719-730

„… extended by the rotational axes. Due to the coaxial design of the planetary gearset, all elements are …” „… design can be calculated using matrixes in different detailing levels and by using equations (10) and …” „… the tasks to be fulfilled [8]. Figure 1.1 shows a systematic overview of different designs of …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181022764

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International Conference on Gears 2017

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2294 2017

Results in this title

M. Brumm, H. Müller Cyber physical gear production system – Vision of industry 4.0 gear production S. 1209-1218

„… consisting of gear design software, machine operation software and quality inspection systems. There exist …” „… machines for gear manufacturing and quality inspection are connected to this database. Also the design …” „… by GDE. Important is to consider that the gear quality can be evaluated according to different …”

A. Kubo Change of gear steel quality as function of globalization – Back ground of the development for high speed automatic hardness tester S. 41-50

„… mechanical engineer. In spite of real steel quality, the nominal quality of steel is accepted by the …” „… gear steel quality by the steel users difficult. In Japan, we develop now an apparatus of new concept …” „… problem is that those particles are hardly observed by conventional testing method of steel quality …”

O. Berka, M. Dub, F. Lopot Experimental measurement of gears impact in transmission S. 1119-1126

„… practice, the meshing quality is mostly observed by so called colour test (Figure 1). Fig. 1: Final …” „… gearboxes is one of the most important factors specifying their user´s properties. The quality of gears …” „… the method for continuous monitoring of meshing quality in gears of big industrial gearboxes. In terms …”

D. Strasser, S. Troll, R. Sperlich, J. Münch Reliability safeguarding for an 8 MW wind energy gearbox in serial production – Prototype and process development ensuring stable quality at the highest level S. 1085-1100

„… reduced by app. 95%, comparing the origin to the optimized design. This means excitation amplitudes in …” „… . D-/P-FMEA: Design-/Process Failure Mode Effect Analysis VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 20171088 For the loads and …” „… process development ensuring stable quality at the highest level Dr.-Ing. Dirk Strasser, Dipl.-Ing …”

J. Fechler, M. Böhm, S. Aberle, V. Merz A contribution to the NVH behavior of plastic gears in automotive applications S. 1531-1540

„… results of the optimized gear design broken down to orders. The new design reduces the TE by nearly 20% at …” „… drive train, autonomous driving and lightweight design are some of the main drivers within the actual …” „… and the surrounding system on the acoustic impression are shown. Beside a correct acoustic design of …”

P. Kauffmann, P. Schäflein, V. Heuer PM technology for the future powertrain S. 1289-1298

„… system property and solutions for world class quality require a system oriented analysis and design of …” „… account by regular tooth contact analysis software to design appropriate micro modifications of the gear …” „… bearing behaviour, the design has to be supported by tooth contact analysis software that takes the PM …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XXVII

„… drive 457 Worm Gears – Design and Quality R. Müller, New tolerance concepts for the realization of …” „… I- B er ic ht e 22 94 .1VDI-Society for Product and Process Design VDI-Berichte 2294.1 VDI-Society …” „… for Product and Process Design International Conference on Gears 2017 International Conference on …”

B. Leupold, V. Janzen, G. Kotthoff, D. Eichholz Validation approach of PM gears for eDrive applications S. 119-130

„… manufacturing routes, test gears are hard finished by profile grinding (Q5, DIN) to a comparable quality and …” „… Centre, Lohmar 1. Introduction Key technical drivers which can be addressed by advanced PM …” „… measures. Surface densification technology by transverse rolling is today well known and can be used to …”

C. Brecher, C. Löpenhaus, M. Schroers, T. Frech, P. Scholzen Optimization of NVH behavior of gears by alternative gear materials S. 539-552

„… an optimized gear design for an improved NVH behavior by using the alternative gear materials PM and …” „… expectations regarding the noise quality [3]. The rising awareness is influenced by optimizations in …” „… design for an improved NVH behavior by applying alternative gear materials. Therefore, cold rolled PM …”

J. Reißmann, E. Leidich Computation of the tooth root strength of Worm Wheels with a calculation program based on local stresses S. 373-394

„… purpose and the design of the worm gear. In case of high torque and low speed, the tooth root strength of …” „… the wheel is the crucial design criterion. Fig. 1: A worm gear without housing State of the art …” „… fillet was generated by the program SNESYS [6] out of the FVA Workbench (Figure 3). The flank is …”

B. Kianian, C. Andersson Sustainability-conscious Powder Metallurgy gear manufacturing – An analysis of current manufacturing challenges S. 1251-1264

„… could be reduced by optimizations in gear design and operational processes. For example, in sintering …” „… design, according to company A and B. For example in designing a complete transmission powertrain …” „… powder manufacturing of gears in depth, as well as challenges experienced by practitioners aligned to …”

T. Frech, C. Löpenhaus, F. Klocke Influence of the contact conditions in cold rolling on the density profile of powder metallurgical (PM) gears S. 1265-1276

„… , porosity remains in the component and reduces the load-carrying capacity. By densifying the highly loaded …” „… areas, the strength of PM gears is improved. Since the mechanical properties are mainly determined by …” „… are, hence, an economic alternative for conventional gear manufacturing. Due to production by …”

H. J. Stadtfeld Pentac®Mono-RT high performance face milling cutter heads S. 1113-1118

„… than the top width of the full profile blade by an amount R. Tip edge radius and cutting edge on the …” „… consecutive blade slots which differ by the amount of R (symbolized to the right in Figure 1), then the …” „… The produced gear surface geometry is identical to the geometry produced by the full profile blade …”

A. Mihailidis, G. Korbetis, N. Drivakos, I. Nerantzis Finite element method based analysis of planetary gear systems considering backlash and manufacturing deviations S. 75-82

„… manufacturing deviations Prof. Dr. Eng. A. Mihailidis, Lab. of Machine Elements and Machine Design …” „… strongly on design, material and operation conditions. Modern analysis methods, such as the Finite Element …” „… is supported by two bearings. In the second version, the input torque is transmitted to the sun gear …”

M. McCormick, J. Michaud Isotropic superfinishing of high hardness steels – How using a custom REM ISF® process as a quality control, defect remediation, and isotropic superfinishing procedure can increase the performance of... S. 163-172

„… 6509), henceforth “C64”. C64 was designed by QuesTek Innovations to be an upgrade to common aerospace …” „… Isotropic Superfinishing of High Hardness Steels How using a custom REM ISF® Process as a quality …” „… enhanced computational modeling of alloy design and performance. Companies such as Sentient Science and …”

F. Concli, C. Gorla Numerical modeling of the churning power losses of gears: an innovative 3D computational tool suitable for planetary gearbox simulation S. 881-892

„… quality degeneration induced by the topological variation of the domain can be easily handled. This …” „… increasingly widespread approach that can help the designers in the development of new products. In the …” „… . Moreover, in the field of structural design and strength analysis, with respect to the various failure …”

C. Brecher, C. Löpenhaus, J. Pollaschek Influence of surface layer properties on tooth root bending strength of cylindrical gears S. 421-432

„… calculation methods for load carrying capacity can contribute to resource-saving gear design by allowing …” „… confronts design engineers with new challenges. Reduced component weight and ever increasing power …” „… densities require a gear design that enters the border area of material capacity. To embrace the potential …”

C. Andersson Grinding or shaving? – Performance based economic decision support in the manufacturing of gears S. 1353-1364

„… , is quality assurance and costs caused by poor quality. It was decided to include these costs since …” „… different performance parameters on costs were analysed by scenario simulations. 1. Introduction …” „… management, were flexibility and capacity are frequently mentioned as well as cost, quality and customer …”

J. Papies Load distribution in planetary gears considering effects of manufacturing tolerances with a statistical approach S. 783-794

„… position, caused by the manufacturing process, the resulting distribution and their frequency instead of …” „… – which have to be avoided within the design process. In the case of prototypes and small series this …” „… leads often not to rejects but to a tolerating of the quality loss. So, on the one hand the costs of a …”

M. F. Stangl, U. Kissling, A. Pogacnik A procedure to find best fitting dresser with grinding worm for a new design S. 1307-1318

„… by wear during its use, especially in a large-scale production. To ensure a good quality of the …” „… A procedure to find best fitting dresser with grinding worm for a new design Dr. Michael Franz …” „… behavior but also the strength properties (scuffing, etc.). From design side, the optimal tip relief value …”

V. Angelopoulos, M. Hirsch PM gear rolling simulations using advanced plasticity material model and improved initial conditions S. 1277-1288

„… increase the quality of the rolled gear. One way to optimize the process, tool design and gear with stock …” „… that the opposite procedure can be conducted and by using simulations as a design tool predict the …” „… . The optimization of this process is critical in order to reduce the overall design time and to …”

S. Vonderschmidt, A. Vonderschmidt, R. Vonderschmidt A novel magnetic angular transmission S. 591-602

„… function and applications of coaxial magnetic gearboxes, the design and experimental results of an …” „… modern drive technology. Conventional gearboxes transmit the resulting forces and torques by engaging …” „… gears. A recently-introduced drive technology converts mechanical power by means of magnetic forces …”

B. Zhmud, J. Blomkvist, M. Fallström An advanced thermal processing & coating process for enhancing gear tribology S. 1451-1462

„… significant progress in gear design. Still, gears sometimes fail. Gear tooth flanks are most vulnerable to …” „… lubricant-related failures which can be remedied by proper additive selection. Unfortunately, as performance …” „… bridging the gap of opportunities between thermal processing and lubricant design. We call it a hybrid …”

N. Sagraloff, M. Hein, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Practical use of micropitting test results according to FVA 54/7 for calculation of micropitting load capacity acc. to ISO/TR 15144-1 S. 143-152

„… flank. By using Maag 0°-grinding a gear quality grade of 5 acc. to DIN 3962 can be reached. In order …” „… value of all calculated values of , needs to be found. Influenced by the quality of the calculation …” „… fatigue phenomenon. It is strongly influenced by the tribological system between the meshing tooth flanks …”

J. Cathelin, R. Janssen Material data for advanced plastic gear simulation S. 1553-1564

„… condition”, “Material Choice” and “Design”; they are input parameters given by the gear designer which are …” „… Netherlands Abstract Today, plastic gear designers have much more choices than ever when selecting …” „… Japan and VDI 2736 for Germany, are known. Moreover, designers are facing a lack of material data …”

P. Garambois, E. Rigaud, J. Perret-Liaudet Robust optimization of gear macro and micro-geometries in order to minimize static transmission error and gear stiffness fluctuations S. 927-938

„… approximation of the description of the deflection form. For each gear design evaluated by the algorithm, the …” „… minimize the Static Transmission Error (STE) and the mesh stiffness fluctuations generated by the meshing …” „… robustness of solution to manufacturing errors is evaluated by performing Monte Carlo simulations for a …”

G. Goch, K. Ni, Y. Peng, A. Günther Paradigm change in cylindrical gear metrology using areal measurement and evaluation S. 1025-1038

„… gear design with complex flank features aims to meet the demanding performance requirements of lower …” „… quality assessment purposes. Optical sensors based on various measuring principles and integrated into …” „… (e.g. fH , F , Fp) towards areal parameters and their effective determination by two-dimensional …”

G. Hlebanja, S. Kulovec, D. Zorko, J. Hlebanja, J. Duhovnik Influence of the tooth flank shape on thermal load of the gear S. 1583-1592

„… , are: - Comparably stronger roots can be designed for gears with a large load capacity by varying …” „… , small E- and S- gears made of polyacetal and nylon were manufactured by milling. So gears were of …” „… higher quality and reflected actual tooth flank geometry. Two types of experiments were conducted, first …”

H. Hansson, H. Alm, A. Eng, M. Olsson Beveloid gears in planetary gear trains for increased Grundström, power density and reduced backlash Stensson, S. 579-590

„… Eng Stensson, Martin Olsson, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden Abstract By using beveloid …” „… . Multi Body Dynamic simulations have shown that by using beveloid gears and a balancing system creating …” „… very attractive in many applications, e.g. in gear boxes used for robotics. By using preloaded …”

A. Pogacnik, S. Beermann Measuring permissible root/flank stress of plastic gears according to the VDI 2736-4 S. 1541-1552

„… . Unfortunately for gear designers, “gear data” (SN curves) are rarely measured for new materials. If decision …” „… engineer, how can you design plastic gears if no reliable fatigue data is available for the material that …” „… very inaccurate. At the end, all these uncertainties lead to gear designs, that are not optimized in …”

M. Schwenk, J. Hoffmeister, J. Hermes Prediction of local load carrying capacity for gears – a materials science approach S. 989-1002

„… contribution during his B.Sc. thesis by implementing the phase transformation model and the quality assurance …” „… capacity, namely the hardness and residual stresses are either considered rudimentarily by analytical …” „… considered. The hardness reduction due to tempering has been derived from quality assurance data in order to …”

K. Kanto, T. Yamada, S. Komatsu, J. Morishita, I. Yamaji, A. Kubo Non-contact measurement of 3D tooth flank form accuracy of bevel gears on 5-axis machining center S. 1039-1050

„… Bevel and hypoid gear quality checking is very important and necessary to produce high quality gears …” „… . Many large-sized bevel gears are today manufactured by 5-axis machining center (5X-machine). This …” „… . Introduction Nowadays, many large-sized bevel gears are manufactured with 5X-machine by milling and other …”

K. Matsuo, Y. Suzuki, K. Fujiki Accuracy analysis of workpiece and tool in the hobbing process using Taguchi Method S. 1331-1342

„… The target gear used in this study for executing the hobbing process design by the Taguchi Method was …” „… meeting the required quality by focusing on the control factors made clear by the results of the present …” „… of each cutting blade surface by honing. Second, because less corrective force is applied in honing …”

J. Yu, L. Yao, C. Ren, X. Yan, L. Lin Design and experimental validation on a novel tow speed transmission for electric bus S. 97-108

„… the quality of gear oil be affected by the wear debris from shift component, improving the operating …” „… the parato solution set. By using the obtained optimal design point 2.18 and 6.19, the …” „… Design and experimental validation on a novel tow speed transmission for electric bus Jie Yu …”

J. J. Liou, S. Rakuff The development of worm drives S. 503-516

„… , characterized by rolling plus sliding between the meshing flanks, there is little rolling in the worm drive …” „… . The movement of a worm drive is purely caused by screw motion – sliding on the mated surfaces …” „… disproved. Theoretically worm drives in the static condition may have trouble driving the worms by the …”

G. Eitzinger Adaptive coatings on gears for NVH improvement S. 1439-1450

„… design in a Copper alloy system is starting from CuSn10 followed by CuSn6 and as top layer is a CuSn3 …” „… assembly conditions, you will end with a big variation in clearance values caused by a huge number of …” „… overlapping tolerances. Caused by engine acyclic rotational speed changes, gears in engine and transmission …”

S. Jain, B. James A simulation approach to calculate gear dynamic-factors for high-speed applications S. 649-658

„… design durable gears for high-speed applications, it is crucial to understand the influence of dynamic …” „… life is to multiply the static stress by a dynamic factor. Standards-based calculations of gear dynamic …” „… , torque and speed on dynamic factors. The findings from this paper will hopefully help engineers to design …”

E. Tanaka, H.-C. Lin Gear diagnostic system using zonal laser beam for practical use S. 845-856

„… gear damage diagnostic system by the laser reflection data without using rotary encoder in Raspberry …” „… PI device. A tooth surface is irradiated by zonal laser beam at oblique direction, and then the …” „… irradiated laser beam zone scan along the tooth profile by the rotational of gear to generate the scattering …”

J. Lohmiller, J. Hoffmeister, J. Hermes, M. Ansorg, H. Dhonau Development and investigation of austempered ductile iron (ADI) for thick-walled gear components S. 963-976

„… stressed gear components due to the possibility to design complex structures requiring a combination of …” „… planetary carriers with shaft diameters ranging from 120 mm to 460 mm. The material was characterized by …” „… treated carriers. The optimized castings exhibit a tensioncompression fatigue strength enhanced by 25 …”

R. Müller, L. Schirmer New tolerance concepts for the realization of steel-only worm gears S. 467-478

„… gear by Bonfiglioli was used, which is average in size and design and in a benchmark showed a typical …” „… by steel in worm gears. The challenge of using steel in a worm gear is the steel-steelpairing between …” „… is the use of new tolerance concepts in design and production. The goal of the research described in …”

C. Gorla, E. Conrado, F. Rosa, F. Concli Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) for gears: manufacturing, performances and tests S. 977-988

„… in a gearbox rating procedure have been determined experimentally, by specifically designing and …” „… satisfied, by means of ADI, without an additional finishing step after the heat treatment. In this case …” „… , the teeth can be obtained by broaching and, thanks to the low distortion which can be granted by the …”

Y. Shen, S. Rinderknecht, M. Hoppert General modelling method of power losses in transmission with parameter identification S. 905-916

„… selected parameters are identified through experimental overall efficiency maps by classic parameter …” „… saved, the engine input energy can be decrease by 2.5-4 energy units to achieve the same power output …” „… divided into load dependent power losses and load independent power losses . The is evoked mainly by …”

C. Brecher, C. Löpenhaus, J. Brimmers Potential of free flank modifications for beveloid gears S. 553-564

„… front axle in a four wheel drive vehicle. The small need of design space and the reduced amount of …” „… design parts necessary in comparison to conventional transfer gearboxes, distinguish the beveloid gear …” „… gears but cannot reach the whole potential given by conjugated beveloid gears. Therefore, the objective …”

M. Koop, E. Melnikov, V. Merz Design investigations and indications for acoustical optimized gear meshes using plastic gears S. 1519-1530

„… Design investigations and indications for acoustical optimized gear meshes using plastic gears …” „… Abstract When it comes to a steel-gear mesh, there are several common standards and design rules how to …” „… gear meshes. Which design strategies can be stated as valid as well as for metal and plastic and which …”

L. Zhao, R. C. Frazer, B. A. Shaw The influence of overlap ratio on transmission error in parallel axis gears S. 939-952

„… and experimentally validated at Design Unit, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK and is now developed by Dontyne …” „… ]. Its primary function is to optimise gear performance by applying good macro gear geometry design and …” „… ; Robert C. Frazer, Brian A. Shaw, Design Unit, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK …”

A. Kahraman, H. Ligata Effects of external splines on deformations of ring gears of planetary gear sets S. 341-352

„… gear and a ring gear and are held by a common carrier through planet bearings. Their design presents …” „… measured behavior. 2. Experimental Study A medium-size planetary gear set design from a medium-duty …” „… sets are multi-mesh systems formed by multiple branches of planet gears that are in mesh with a sun …”

L. J. Stocco, R. Gloeckner Smashing the efficiency barrier – A practical comparison of planetary and orbitless gear-heads S. 319-330

„… that load capacity is marginally improved by using ball instead of plain bearings, and greatly …” „… improved by mounting the bearings to the planets rather than the carriers. In comparison to an …” „… off-the-shelf Planetary gear-head, friction losses are reduced by up to 59% and total input power is reduced by …”

M. Hein, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Test method for time-scaled fatigue tests of gear transmission systems S. 1073-1084

„… by factor 5 to 10 was possible depending on the design of the gearbox and the original load spectrum …” „… spectrum lead to a reduced test time by factor 2 to 10 depending on the gearbox design and the basic load …” „… components in the transmission. The observed damage mechanisms are investigated locally and analyzed by …”

M. W. Seidel, A. Zösch, K. Härtel Grinding burn inspection – tools for supervising and objectifying of the testing process S. 1003-1014

„… of manufacturing and assessment of reference blocks with artificial defects generated by laser …” „… (right) VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 2017 1003 The tempered zones are characterized by tempered …” „… martensite, a lower hardness than the unaffected material and by tensile residual stress. Re-hardened zones …”

Y. Cai, L. Yao, Z. Xie, J. Zhang, C. Peng Influence analysis of system parameters on characteristics of the nutation drive with double circular arc spiral bevel gears S. 435-446

„… pneumatic nutation motor by optimizing diaphragm design). Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology …” „… transmission system have important guiding significance in the design, manufacture and application of …” „… , by changing nutation angle, and spiral angle, variation regularity of the dynamic meshing force was …”

C. Brecher, C. Löpenhaus, R. Greschert Influence of the grinding process on the formation of boundary layers on gears S. 1427-1438

„… parameters. The test gears are measured by FIB-SEM regarding their structure and by XRD regarding their …” „… residual stress profiles. By combining boundary layer measurements and upcoming gear tests, correlations …” „… economical design of gears. 1. Introduction Gear transmissions are usually run under mixed friction, i.e …”

M. Kanters, B. van Wissen, R. Nickel Relevant tribological testing method for high performance plastic gears S. 1507-1518

„… can be done by experimentally accessing the long-term performance of a gear pair in a gear tester …” „… so-called Disc-to-Disc setup (D2D). In this test, two co-rotating discs are pressed against each other by a …” „… normal load. A sliding contact is introduced by an inequality in rotational speed of the two discs while …”

C. Brecher, C. Löpenhaus, F. Goergen, D. Mevissen Crack propagation analysis of pitting damages of high-strength material systems in gear applications S. 281-292

„… . The highest number of load cycles was reached by a carbonitrided variant of 14NiCrMo13-4 with over 50 …” „… and a ruptured zone. Both areas can be separated by appearance as well as the depth of outbreak. The …” „… depth of the fatigue zone can be explained by the time-depended change of normal and shear principal …”

M. Ophey, F. Klocke, C. Löpenhaus Approach for modeling grinding worm wear S. 1365-1378

„… efficiency and process stability. Both, economic efficiency and gear quality, are affected by the wear …” „… design is often based on experience and time and cost intensive experiments. The science-based analysis …” „… understood as a system with forced internal interactions between the elements of the system by an externally …”

H. Yakaria Gear Data Exchange (GDE) – goLive S. 1235-1246

„… , hard machining and the quality inspection by gear measurement. These single processes can be connected …” „… indispensable. Fig. 9: gear4ZF – Full Integrated Gear Quality System By increasing demand in the gear …” „… interface for transferring gear data, which can be used universally - company independently - by different …”

E. Böyükbaş, H. J. Stadtfeld Surface structure shift for ground bevel gears S. 1391-1402

„… sacrifice in measurable part quality is made by applying Micro- Pulse. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 2017 1397 …” „… experience has shown that the rolling quality of gear flank surfaces with different surface texture deliver …” „… the grinding wheel surface, run out and imbalance in the grinding wheel and inaccuracies caused by …”

M. Daffner, M. Otto, K. Stahl Elastic deformation of a hypoid gearbox – Measurements on a static test rig to validate the calculated elastic deformation behavior S. 683-694

„… of compensating friction effects to get high-quality measurement results is successfully met by the …” „… , bearings and shafts for a hypoid gearbox is validated by measurements at a static test rig. The challenge …” „… modelled by its stiffnesses. For housings with lower stiffnesses (for example aluminum housings …”

E. Rigaud, P.-H. Cornuault, B. Bazin, E. Grandais-Menant Prediction of the vibroacoustic response of an electric window-lift gear motor S. 635-648

„… impact on the quality of noise radiated directly by the gear motor or indirectly by the supporting …” „… harmonics of the excitation spectra as well as a frequency enrichment generated by the coupling between the …” „… attached to the door of the automotive vehicle at three fixation points. The rotor is guided by a front, a …”

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ELIV 2017

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2299 2017

Results in this title

P. Ginal, H. Dörr Testautomatisierung im praktischen Einsatz bei Valeo Siemens eAutomotive /Test automation at Valeo Siemens eAutomotive in practice S. 99-100

„… eAutomotive combined agile development activities and automated quality safeguarding. As a result, design …” „… environment. The process is further augmented by a quality monitoring system that evaluates and visualizes …” „… that fit the customer’s growing needs. At the same time, quality assurance must keep pace with the …”

M. Austerer Verbesserung der Fahrsicherheit und des Komforts durch intelligente Beleuchtung – Elektronik und Networking bereiten den Weg für neue Use Cases /Intelligent lighting improves driving safety and comfor... S. 73-74

„… introduction of LED technology to the front lights. By using and controlling an LED matrix, the light …” „… conditions. Initially LED lighting was understandably often employed to facilitate new visual light designs …” „… processed by them. Considering that advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and highly automated driving …”

K.-M. Fritsch, C. Schmuelling, T. Binder, M. Cramme Herausforderungen eines 48 V-Fahrantriebs mit 20 kW mechanischer Dauerleistung /Challenges of a 48 V drive system with 20 kW continuous mechanical power S. 85-86

„… voltage. By means of a large number of city test drives with a C segment vehicle ‘real world’ customer …” „… , due to their advantages in switching losses. With a special power electronics design, up to 600 A rms …” „… Permanent-Magnet-Synchronous- Machine (PMSM) which has a high power density due to a specific rotor design with a high amount …”

K. Michels, T. Drevensek Neue integrierte Plattform als Antwort auf aktuelle Anforderungen an die E/E Architektur /Integrated software platform for EE car architectures S. 65-66

„… accompanied by an increase in the number of electronic control units. This evolutionary development has made …” „… . In addition, over-the-air updates mean that the quality and compatibility of all functions must be …” „… followed by a description of the solution found, including its implementation. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2299 …”

A. Reich, N. Krämer, R. Lenninger Zugang zu Fahrzeugdaten/Access to vehicle data S. 47-48

„… is used under defined framework conditions by trained personnel. The OBD interface is not designed …” „… with integrated mobility are provided by OEMs as well as by independent third parties. This competition …” „… security problem caused by data access may quickly become a safety problem for the driver and the general …”

M. Ruf, J. Lützner Konnektivität – DIE Grundvoraussetzung für Effizienzsteigerungen in Nutzfahrzeugen /Connectivity as THE enabler for efficiency Improvements in commercial vehicles S. 35-36

„… , the better its precision, agility and quality of the service all of which leads to improved …” „… used by numerous fleets. Manufacturers often offer solutions providing even more data measuring the …” „… way to leverage high-density fleet data to go way beyond just Miles Per Gallon (MPG) by taking into …”

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Low-Delay Video Communication System over Wireless Channels Based on HEVC and OFDM

Yasser Estuardo Samayoa Paredes

Series: Informatik/ Kommunikation

Volume 881 2023

Results in this title

Introduction S. 1-14

„… interrelatedin a opposite manner. By reducing the end-to-end delay of the system,video quality inevitably will be …” „… beginning of video coding, a numberof metrics to measure video quality have been proposed by the videocoding …” „… design.The rest of parameters, their effects and their relationships have to beanalyzed before the system is …”

Bibliography S. 125-138

„… . “Video quality assessmentusing structural distortion measurement.” In: Proceedings. Inter-national …” „… ] OPTICOM PEVQ. “Advanced Perceptual Evaluation of VideoQuality.” In: OPTICOM GmbH. 2005.[5] M.H. Pinson and …” „… S. Wolf. “A new standardized method for objec-tively measuring video quality.” In: IEEE Transactions …”

Digital Video Compression S. 15-49

„… . Nevertheless, by following (2.8) the PSNR becomes asuitable metric to evaluate the quality of the received …” „… , and hence also the quality, of acompressed video. For instance, by varying the QP it is possible …” „… position. Clearly, the greatest loss of quality is dueto the interdependence of frames given by the inter …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XIV

„… design methodology in terms of the rate-distortion optimization and a suitable framework to asses the …” „… the video signal are investigated. By means of intensive and sufficient simulations of an entire video …” „… viable tools for the design and optimization of specific video communication systems and its components …”

Communication Systems S. 50-84

„… compensated by just a division in frequency-domain. This procedurerelies on the quality of the channel …” „… . Having described the restrictionsimposed by the channel, an ofdm system is designed to cope with …” „… bandwidth imposed by thechannel. The remaining parts, depicted again in Figure 3.1 as reference,are …”

Video Communication System S. 85-119

„… . Hence, the channel quality has to be sensed, e.g.,by means of the channel decoder, specifically by means …” „… demonstratorcarried out at the University of Hannover. A video communication systemwas designed and developed by means …” „… space. This discrete-time and discrete-space signal is compressed by the video encoder, thus …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186881106

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Technische Zuverlässigkeit 2023

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2409 2023

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N. Namyslo, D. Jung, T. Rieker Der Einsatz von Robo-Advisory und KI für die Zuverlässigkeitsanalyse zur Feldmaßnahmenentscheidung S. 257-270

„… of actual field measure decisions, by providing AI-based recommendations on field measure design …” „… based on the (generated) data related to a quality topic. This is exemplified by the RA's runtime …” „… measures identified for components and/or systems affected by the quality issue. Solving the multicriteria …”

R. Niemeier Fragilitätsflächen und ein Workflow für Antifragilität und Physical Health Management – Anwendungen beim automatisierten Fahren, bei der Zuverlässigkeitsanalyse und bei der Analyse von Ausfallwahrsch... S. 311-XIV

„… defined by exceeding limits. Failure probabilities in dependence of input parameters, limit levels can be …” „… Ausfallwahrscheinlichkeiten eines Diplexer. In Abbildung 3 entspricht jeder schwarze Punkt nicht nur einem Design, sondern …” „… 100 Designs unter Verwendung der Mittelwerte für Technologieeingangsparameter BCB1 und Capa2 und unter …”

S.-J. Arora, F. Weiss, J. Bräunig, S. Erkel, M. Mensing, A. Wilde Smarte HeizungsANlaGenOptimierung – ögP SHANGO – Methodik und erste Ergebnisse S. 25-38

„… optimization potential of heating systems in order to jointly drive forward the energy transition. By …” „… service companies, and production data, can optimize data quality. This will enable improved monitoring of …” „… ., Fisch, J.: Methodology for the Assessment of Potentials, Selection, and Design of Predictive Maintenance …”

S. Kupjetz, W. Zenn, S. Röding Vorstellung eines Kausalmodells relevanter Fehlerbilder zur Entwicklung wissensbasierter KI-Modelle am Beispiel von Werkzeugmaschinen S. 219-230

„… approach that is primarily based on expert knowledge and supported by service and field data. An essential …” „… basis of the recorded symptoms and additional information through evaluation by means of Bayesian …” „… efficiency (OEE), the reduction of waste and the optimization of quality are key factors for a profitable …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024096

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Dritev 2023

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2420 2023

Results in this title

N. Missal, S. Schwertel Innovative cold metal forming processes for a sustainable future – Moving forward with helical gear drive components in a resourceand energy-efficient way S. 295-306

„… , accuracy, and productivity. By consistently utilizing material and lightweight design, cold metal forming …” „… quality of IT8-9 [5]. During axial forming as an incremental process by using frequency modulation, high …” „… design of the components. By component design optimization to one-piece components, the entire …”

C. Mohr Acoustic Optimization of Electric Powertrains from a Vehicle Level Perspective S. 471-XVI

„… ”, developed specifically by Schaeffler for stator design can be used to determine the coupling effects that …” „… their key selling points. As is inherent to their design, however, electric powertrains do generate …” „… phases can only be avoided by performing acoustic optimizations at an early stage. Schaeffler has …”

Z. Liu, S. Rinderknecht A sequential adaptive sampling strategy for surrogate model construction of transmission losses S. 425-440

„… point number by about half referring to the factorial design approach while maintaining the same mapping …” „… quality. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2420, 2023426 Keywords Transmission loss measurement, sequential adaptive design …” „… factorial designed measured data. Sec-ond, by applying Subset Simulation, multi-failure regions can be …”

Y. Jin Smart eDrive – Autonomous cooling eDrive for small BEVs and P4 AWD S. 21-36

„… solution with its autonomous cooling design, the Smart eDrive, especially developed for this small BEVs …” „… optimise both the cost and the CAPEX by using a standard product from the market. As usual, the cost …” „… optimization must also consider the system level optimization by improving the efficiency. However, here is the …”

A. Braumandl, K. Bause, A. Albers Automated design of fuel cell drive systems S. 221-234

„… published design approaches for FCEV drive systems were enhanced by including the optimization of energy …” „… requirements that are indicated by the expected usage profile. Fig. 5: Design approach (schematic) [41] To …” „… , this paper presents automated design methods for fuel cell drive systems. The authors concentrate on …”

J. Ahn, S. Yang Disconnect Actuator System (DAS) for AWD EV’s Driveline – Increasing electric efficiency, Seamless shifting system S. 115-130

„… problems to be considered in advance is seamless shifting quality and noise. Since an EV is driven by a …” „… , durability, and cost of design may affect the overall quality of the product, and the performance desired in …” „… optimal system for AWD EVs by simultaneously improving electric efficiency by 6-8.3% and securing AWD …”

L. Roslaniec, T. Hackl Next generation Electric Drive Units with multi-level GaN inverter for highest HV EV performance and efficiency – Comparison of 2-level and 3-level inverter topologies S. 107-114

„… has shown to improve e-motor efficiency by reducing losses in the WLTP drive cycle by 25%. This …” „… . Additionally, the inverter reduces "Lautheit" by 25% and exhibits similar improvements in EMC behavior, which …” „… applications, emphasizing their ability to deliver superior power quality and efficiency compared to …”

H. Sandquist, E. Barrientos, S. Klacar Systemized Modular Approach for Electric Drive Unit Family Development S. 89-106

„… transmissions5.6. Electric Machine DesignInfiMotion modular designed motors adapt to 400V/800V, the power range …” „… lossesVDI-Berichte Nr. 2420, 2023 995.4. Transmission DesignInfiMotion delivers parallel and co-axial drivetrain …” „… torque density and low torque ripple due to asynchronous skewed design.Figure 11. InfiMotion in-house …”

R. Fehrenbacher, P. Duck, K. Bause Ways to increase sustainability by expanding product development processes for vehicles using the example of a hybridized automated transmission S. 411-424

„… , more sustainable use can be offered, for example, by simplifying some components. Design of adaptable …” „… already be considered when designing PGn in the first version. Discussion It was shown how to design a …” „… Ways to increase sustainability by expanding product development processes for vehicles using the …”

C. Reumüller, M. Sedlmair, M. Hein, A. Damm Transformation from conventional to electric powertrains Challenges in testing mechatronic shifting systems S. 359-376

„… details as well as thinking in variants is helpful to improve the quality of the target system. By …” „… detailing the system step by step, a product can be designed that meets the customer requirements. The …” „… is currently in a far-reaching transformation process. Driven by planned bans on vehicles with …”

A. Freiburg Virtual development – optimized E-Drive selection by system simulation S. 73-88

„… Virtual development – optimized E-Drive selection by system simulation System model based on …” „… validation The complexity of an E-Drive system is further increasing by adding sustainability requirements …” „… with the system models which are synced with validated domain models. Design decisions on system …”

B. Cebulski, S. Mühlbauer, D. Sailer, L. Schmieden, R. Wunderlich, O. Seidler, A. Stiegelmeyr About the benefits of permanent rotor temperature measurement S. 143-152

„… Conference (CCDC) 2017 [5] Rosu, M., et al.: Multiphysics Simulation by Design for Electrical Machines, Power …” „… drivetrain are carried out by the university of Kempten. During the project these simulations are used to …” „… maximize power utilization by minimizing thermal reserves (avoid derating) 3. To reduce motor-costs by …”

J. Jennings, D. Finn, T. Hunter Novel Multi-Functional Clutch Technology for EV Drivetrain Disconnects – Next Generation Disconnect with One-Way-Clutch for Automatic, and Non-Blocked Shifting S. 325-338

„… torque of the rear driveline system, cold weather drag and shift engagement time. Finally, by design, the …” „… reliably shift between forward propulsion, coast (disconnect), regeneration, and reverse modes. Design …” „… coupler. All-wheel-drive (AWD) is achieved by splitting the powerflow from the ICE and transmission at the …”

P. Geradts, M. Kasten, A. Landvogt Psychoacoustic optimization of the NVH behavior of an eDrive power train – Application of a Targeted Micro Geometry Scatter on Helical Gears to break-up the regularity of the transmission error excita... S. 459-470

„… the gear teeth. The primary goal of the standard design and simula-tion process is to reduce the …” „… parameter. The approach, proposed in this study, was to change the character of the NVH emitted by the gears …” „… and to develop new gear design rules better able to assess the excitations according to human …”

C. Gürlich, S. Demmerer, M. Winkel, K. Führer Transmission – the most underestimated part of the electric drive – Next generation transmission S. 183-196

„… the design of axially parallel transmissions by eliminating the inter-mediate shaft and using only two …” „… single-stage design reduces friction losses by 50% at 100km/h [6] One of the most exciting developments in …” „… versus design space When designing a transmission system for an electric vehicle, one of the key …”

T. Hofman, J. Van Kampen, O. Borsboom Electric Mobility Design – From Powertrain Components to Vehicle Fleet Optimization S. 391-410

„… its (shared) usage (incl. charging) put requirements on the powertrain designs (by the battery …” „… knowledge that supports the top-down design pro-cess by understanding which subsystems or components from …” „… strongly influenced by its design - e.g., smaller batteries will require to charge the vehicles more often …”

D. Schweigert, B. Morhard, F. Oberneder, L. Pointner-Gabriel, M. Otto, K. Stahl Speed4E: Simulative and Experimental Results on the Vibration Behavior of a High-Speed Planetary Gearbox S. 441-458

„… ratio of 27.5. ST1 is characterized by a high power density and a compact design with a high-ratio …” „… Mechanical Engineering, Gear Research Center (FZG), School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of …” „… Hochdrehzahl-Antriebsstrang entwickelt, hergestellt und getestet wurde. Das Design des Speed4E-Antriebsstrangs besitzt …”

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Plastics in Automotive Engineering PIAE EUROPE

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2343 2019

Results in this title

M. Haverkamp Multisensory appearance of traditional and innovative surfaces – Optimal design for all senses S. 471-490

„… university project by students of the Product Design and Process Development study program at the Technical …” „… designed by Günther Kupetz back in 1969. The texture of the bottle has numerous semicircular pimples …” „… Multisensory appearance of traditional and innovative surfaces Optimal design for all senses …”

W. Kornsteiner, F. Lim, H. Heitkamp, H. Traut Optimized MuCell design with FEA support of a crash-relevant functional part with high requirements for surface quality S. 553-566

„… approved by our customer as regards surface quality, tactile quality and mold separation. 6. FEM …” „… , wall thicknesses along the flow path can be designed flexibly and optimized designs with a close …” „… Optimized MuCell design with FEA support of a crash-relevant functional part with high …”

S. Bürger, A. Kaplangiray, K.-U. Lichi Automotive interior decorative bezels in the 2K reverse grain overmolding manufacturing process S. 373-388

„… design so as to be able to vary the injection sequence of the transparent and pigmented materials by …” „… . A maximum volume of 2.5 times the weight of the PC shot was applied as a design criterion. By …” „… processing and technical and design-specific aspects. 3.2 Parameters of preliminary tests and DoE The …”

A. Falke, M. Bohn, T. A. Osswald The systematic path to dimensionally stable plastic components – Differentiation of acceptance dimensions and utilization dimensions S. 277-300

„… that reproducible and comparable measurement results can be used to evaluate component quality. By …” „… are explicitly checked by quality inspection or production, since these are essential for the …” „… into account in functional design if dimensionally stable and thus properly functioning plastic molded …”

S. Tostar Volvo Cars recycled plastics strategy – Kick-starting with a recycled-plastics demo car S. 1-4

„… automotive industry can be overcome by quality controls, knowledge of recycled-plastics behavior and an …” „… new launched vehicle by 2025. This ambition is based on the knowledge gained from the …” „… ingenious design of components. Background: recycled plastics at Volvo Cars Environmental care is one …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-IX

„… � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 491 M. Haverkamp, Cologne f Lightweight design/Leichtbau Implementation of MuCell® in series …” „… , Germany International Congress with friendly support of: An event organized by VDI Wissensforum GmbH …” „… : future requirements l Plastics as enablers for mobility concepts l Production processes and quality …”

P. Malzkorn, R. Apfelbeck New design opportunities for the aerodynamic and acoustic optimization of the underbody in fully electrified vehicles S. 431-440

„… design of the component geometry and by the use of mechanically highly stressable materials …” „… New design opportunities for the aerodynamic and acoustic optimization of the underbody in fully …” „… respects from the vehicle concepts of vehicles conventionally powered by the internal combustion engine …”

G. Burk, J. Boës, C. Köhler, J. Werner Porsche 911 Turbo carbon wheel S. 407-418

„… forging as the manufacturing process. In the case of the Carrera GT the wheels were design-forged wheels …” „… 2: Weight-to-stiffness comparison of some wheel materials and technologies Design-forged …” „… forged wheels, weight can be reduced by 10% compared to designforged wheels (zero line), since no …”

C. Gundlach, S. Hartwig, M. Mannig, K. Dilger, M. Menzel, P. Lück Application of a hybrid test specimen for designing potting compounds in automotive electric-drive motors S. 201-216

„… component. The design of the rotor potting compound of an automotive electric-drive motor serves below as a …” „… completely surrounded by a castable polymer. An additional insulation paper serves to adjust the height of …” „… the metal insert according to [1] VDI-Berichte Nr. 2343, 2019202 As indicated by its cross-section …”

M. Gross, M. Oehm, M. Richter, G. Oberhofer Integrative crash simulation of short- fiber-reinforced thermoplastics (SFRT) – Investigation of phenomenologically based material modeling S. 97-114

„… today’s automotive front-end functional design. Especially the crash kinematics of the lower-leg impactor …” „… Flex PLI GTR (Humanetics Innovative Solutions, 2011) are influenced by car types (e.g. SUV, sedan …” „… , sports car) on the one hand and by the deformation and fracture behavior of the polymer parts on the …”

W. Kornsteiner, F. Lim, H. Heitkamp, H. Traut MuCell gerechte Bauteiloptimierung mit FEA Unterstützung am Beispiel eines crashrelevanten Funktionsbauteils mit hohen Anforderungen an die Oberflächenqualität S. 567-X

„… quality assurance Simulation and process technology Material innovations and lightweight design …” „… Funktionsbauteils mit hohen Anforderungen an die Oberflächenqualität Optimized MuCell-Design with FEA support …” „… of a crash relevant functional part with high requirements on surface quality Dipl.-Ing. Walter …”

T. Bröker, N. van Riel, G. Slik, Berend Hoek 30% weight savings and process improvement with a new ABS-LGF alloy material replacing metal for an instrument carrier, enabling a high dimensionally stable part S. 533-552

„… material, a component’s optimal quality is substantially influenced by the part design, the tool design …” „… Engineering & Design Center (AEDC), Trinseo Netherlands B.V., Terneuzen, Netherlands Abstract …” „… be on part design, tool design, process development, and process implementation. A successful mate …”

T. Wagner New testing techniques as a support for innovations in plastics development – Material testing as a building-block of product development S. 325-336

„… of components produced by different manufacturing processes. A particularly detailed consideration is …” „… existing methods modified in order to be able to metrologically evaluate the quality of new production …” „… to FMVSS 302 (Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard) has been adopted by automotive manufacturers …”

C. Schütz, L. Lewerdomski, E. Körner, C. Winkelmann Sustainable materials for the interior parts S. 5-16

„… the term sustainability will be explained which was originally established by Carlowitz for a form of …” „… billion tons between 1950 and 2015 it has been projected that by the year 2050 the quantity of plastics …” „… to irreversible damage to the polymer chains, which reduces the quality and the value of the plastics …”

S. Glaser, A. Wonisch, D. Fertig Thermomechanical simulation of glass-fiber-reinforced plastic components with Ultrasim® S. 115-132

„… determined by temperature. For example, as temperature increases, stiffness decreases, but elongation at …” „… requirements must be met. Particularly in the automotive sector, components produced by the injection-molding …” „… and quality requirements, but are often exposed to high mechanical loads and great temperature …”

D. Degenhardt, L. Greve Elasto-viscoplastic temperature-dependent material model for a talc-filled PP/PE copolymer S. 57-76

„… . Nowadays, such additional requirements are met through a simulative design that is validated through …” „… . The demands made of the forecast quality are steadily increasing. Significant properties of …” „… developed for various materials by Volkswagen Group Research [3-6]. As a user material, it is docked onto …”

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International Conference on Gears 2022

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2389 2022

Results in this title

P. Barreiro, S. Pfrimmer, G. Armutcu, J. Hermes Quality improvement of an aluminum gearbox housing by implementing additive manufacturing S. 1429-1446

„… Quality improvement of an aluminum gearbox housing by implementing additive manufacturing Dr. P …” „… objective of the present development project was to improve the quality of the gearbox housing by reducing …” „… , production time and costs, and surface quality, since they limit its applicability. For that, several design …”

A. Spatzig, N. Fujimura, P. de Oliveira Teixeira Practical analysis of productivity of grinding tools in the process of internal generating gear grinding S. 1319-1330

„… achieved by a unique small grinding wheel design matched to a high precision machine. One important aspect …” „… grinding wheels was analyzed by means of the gear quality measurement during the trials. In the diagram of …” „… solution to improve the quality of ring gears as a hard finishing process with high productivity, and cBN …”

A. Turich Gear hard finishing with up to 100% in-process inspection S. 1583-XL

„… .). This situation is aggravated by the fact of increasing quality demands especially with e-drive gears …” „… mmPreflight Lx3 am August 19, 2022 | 08:21:44 | 350 mm x 250 mmVDI-Society for Productand Process DesignISBN …” „… , Munich, Germany Abstract In conventional gear manufacturing, quality control is carried out only …”

S. Oberle, V. Labriola, E. Melnikov, G. Gariglio High performance plastic gear solution in the engine environment S. 1033-1044

„… effect is reinforced by the poorer tooth quality. As a result of the filler, the plastic has an …” „… anisotropic VDI-Berichte Nr. 2389, 20221040shrinkage behavior, which worsens the toothing quality by at least …” „… application, combined with an optimized tooth design, can fail if the rest of the gear is poorly designed. The …”

K. Lubke, H. Rohr Quality inspection of common step gearings – Overview of different types and their assessment S. 959-968

„… oscillating way defined by a transmission law. Followers are designed by cylindrical rolls, which are moving …” „… velocity area 2. Design of transmission laws According to [4] the transmission law must be designed in a …” „… be designed carefully. This can be done by combinations of dozens of specialized mathematical …”

E. Lothman, M. Hein, U. Steiner Increased load carrying capacity of gears through optimized steel performance, surface conditions and processes S. 637-650

„… and processes Steel performance Influence on high quality manufacturing M.Sc. Elias Löthman, Ovako …” „… examines the potential to further increase load carrying capacity of gears by using steels with improved …” „… performance of high-quality gears is investigated to better understand how different steel performance levels …”

T. Arndt, J. Klose, M. Gerstenmeyer, V. Schulze Tool wear development in gear skiving process of quenched and tempered internal gears S. 1331-1344

„… design. LF TFh in mmVDI-Berichte Nr. 2389, 2022 1341 − Increasing the strength by 15% for AISI 4340 …” „… particular in order to achieve long tool life at required workpiece quality. These requirements are amplified …” „… lubricant strategy are varied in order to investi-gate the influence on tool life and surface quality in the …”

A. Beinstingel, M. Heider, B. Pinnekamp, S. Marburg Gear mesh excitation and non-uniform rational B-splines S. 91-102

„… . Nevertheless, designing and optimizing the acoustic quality comes along with a balancing act between noise …” „… vibration quality. As a result, the complex circumstances in the gear mesh require specific considerations …” „… appropriate alternative for numerical modeling speeding up computation time by still maintaining the …”

J. Gotz, F. Siglmuller, M. Furst, M. Otto, K. Stahl Experimental investigation of the dynamic load sharing of planetary gearboxes S. 409-420

„… design of the single tooth meshes without load increases and oversizing. However, due to manufacturing …” „… taken into account in the standard calculation of the load capacity of planetary gearboxes by the mesh …” „… load factor Kγ. The load sharing in planetary gearboxes is influenced by a number of factors, such as …”

A. Hessler, B. Neubauer NVH-performance versus Costs – Coherent R&D for gears, system and manufacturing S. 103-118

„… between NVH-performance of transmissions, gear quality /-costs, technology and process in gear …” „… / transmissions and its related quality levels, due to the missing masking combustion noise. Core knowledge needs …” „… to be built up, to learn as much as possible, from the vast amounts of data provided by production …”

N. Hessinger, M. Braunstingl, H. Bansal Advanced use of DOE in gear geometry optimization S. 281-286

„… process is simplified by the use of AVL CAMEO, which in this case delivers the desired design plan matrix …” „… scnenarios, an optimized design can be defined by its individual parameters. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2389, 2022 283 …” „… specifically designed by AVL to isolate gear pair failure modes under defined boundary conditions. With the …”

F. Thurner Light into the black box: using AI software to identify unknown mechanisms of action and resolve acoustic/NVH problems – practical example of a passenger car powertrain S. 779-786

„… . VDI-Berichte Nr. 2389, 2022 779 Procedure: From measurability to new design 1. Basic analysis by means of …” „… of action and suggests suitable design solutions for the gear geometries. The software calculates the …” „… occurred in several gears of a high-quality passenger car driveline. The manufacturer was unable to …”

H.-J. Dennig, L. Zumofen, A. Kirchheim, S. Winterberg, D. Stierli Increasing the safety against scuffing of additive manufactured gear wheels by internal cooling channels S. 1345-1364

„… . The process stability and the quality of the results also closely depend on the geometry design …” „… scuffing. Cooling strategy The route and design of the cooling channels are influenced by the following …” „… Increasing the safety against scuffing of additive manufactured gear wheels by internal cooling …”

J.-A. Meis, M. Walkowiak Influence of case hardness depth on tooth interior fatigue fracture S. 863-874

„… the wind gearbox gear designThe thinner tip leads to a higher ratio between CHD and local wall …” „… the design phase of a wind gearbox. An obvious approach to prevent interior fatigue of gear teeth is …” „… the test gear geometry from Witzig [2] was used, in a second step a gear design for a wind turbine …”

K. Fukanoki, K. Matsuo, Y. Suzuki, K. Fujiki Practical application of asymmetric tooth root geometry for downsizing automotive transmission gears S. 197-214

„… demonstrated that these design methods are effective for obtaining longer gear service life by improving tooth …” „… production operations. The validity of the proposed design methods has been verified by conducting durability …” „… designing hobs for machining such gears with stable quality in mass production operations. It then presents …”

B. Schalley, J. Brimmers, T. Bergs Potential and challenges of profile gear grinding with vitrified bonded cBN S. 1569-1582

„… gear quality and surface roughness were measured tactilely. Grinding burn occurrence was analyzed by …” „… , Gear Quality and Grinding-In Behavior M.Sc. Babette Schalley, Dr.-Ing. Jens Brimmers M.Sc., Prof …” „… gear quality with improved flexibility due to the vitrified bond. However, despite its advantages, the …”

C. Li, B. Peng, Y. Luo Research on indexing error of gear with few teeth in rolling process S. 445-456

„… process design and quality for gear manufacturing with flat and round rolling. CIRP Annals - Manufacturing …” „… transmission with high transmission ratio. Atanasiu [4] established the geometric and kinematic design analysis …” „… forming of involute gear with few teeth by rolling with radial feed of double cylindrical roller is a very …”

B. Winter Design of manufacturing cells in the light of improvements in manufacturing technology and automation S. 1411-1414

„… Design of Manufacturing Cells in the Light of Improvements in Manufacturing Technology and …” „… characterized by one-piece-flow cells, which consist of a couple of manufacturing operations that are linked …” „… together by appropriate automation systems. The special characteristics of these cells are short lead times …”

J. Thomas, C. Gosselin, F. Mieth Design, strength calculation by ISO10300 and loaded TCA of forged differential bevel gears S. 157-170

„… Design, Strength Calculation by ISO10300 and Loaded TCA of Forged Differential Bevel Gears Joachim …” „… . VDI-Berichte Nr. 2389, 2022 169References [1] Dr. J. Thomas; Claude Gosselin, ing. Ph.D: Design and rating by …” „… Design (IMM), Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Technical University of Dresden, Germany …”

F. Lagier, A. Bischofberger, K. Bause, S. Ott Suitability of additive manufactured PEEK gears as a means of gear sampling for automotive high-speed gearboxes S. 1045-1060

„… drive systems. By reducing the inertia of rapidly accelerated components, the con-sumption of such drive …” „… powertrain is associated with many chal-lenges. Current design guidelines are not able to describe the …” „… performance of a polymer gearing in this speed range. In particular, geometric design parameters such as tooth …”

P. Mahendra Rao, S. Foletti, L. Bonaiti, C. Gorla, S. Beretta, F. Concli Mode III threshold under rolling contact fatigue and development of a test gearbox for planet gears S. 499-510

„… test gearbox (right) will be replaced by the new test gearbox. Constraints on the design were imposed …” „… Design for X principles to ensure a quality and reliable product. The schematic layout of the test …” „… design and development of a test gearbox for the full-scale testing of such a 3-gear train planet gears …”

E. Lamaj, J. Blomeke, F. Rudolph, J. Hermes A comprehensive, fully parametrized calculation model for improved helical-hypoid gearbox efficiency S. 825-836

„… material and quality of all machine elements. For a complete modular system of gearboxes, this task is very …” „… calculation method is necessary. In this paper, such a method is demonstrated by the example of a high ratio …” „… and validated by system and subsystem level experiments. The virtual gearbox representation is applied …”

K. J. Winkler, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Influence of grinding zones on the tooth root bending strength of case carburized cylindrical gears S. 287-304

„… oxidation are influenced by grinding zones. The quality and quantity of the influence of grinding zones with …” „… strength plays a decisive role in the design of gear sets. Due to dimensional and shape changes resulting …” „… blasting treatments: non-blasted, mechanical cleaned by shot blasting and shot peened. The unground …”

D. Zorko, Z. Bergant, B. Černe Potential of woven carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite gears S. 1071-1082

„… high-quality, autoclave-cured, woven carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy composite plate and tested in mesh with a …” „… by injection molding. To increase the load-bearing capacity and wear resistance, short reinforcing …” „… been described in detail in a previous work by the authors [9]. The elastic modulus E1 = E2 = 46.9 GPa …”

A. Sitzmann, T. Tobie, K. Stahl, S. Hoja, S. Schurer Deep nitriding – contact and bending strength of gears with increased nitriding hardening depth S. 875-890

„… significantly increased by nitriding. However, the required nitriding hardening depth depends on the stress …” „… capacity of highly loaded gears by means of surface hardening. In some cases, nitrided gears are comparable …” „… gears are characterized by a thin but very hard compound layer of iron and alloy element nitrides …”

A. Hilligardt, J. Klose, V. Schulze A new method for avoiding meshing interference in gear skiving S. 1305-1318

„… design by adjusting the process kinematics or the tool design itself. The maximal usable tool height can …” „… ]. This type of collision needs to be checked early on in tool design by geometric analysis. The problem …” „… shank or collisions in the tool run-out. While these models are sufficient for the process design of …”

P. Abele, J. Hermes, J. Lechner Development of a digital ecosystem for a servo planetary gear unit system to provide design automation opportunities S. 1503-1516

„… is reasoned by the design of the master part (step G) as a part in part file type. As shown in figure …” „… predecessor. This is reasoned by the design of the master part as a part in part file type. The master part …” „… could be implemented by the intensive use of bill of materials (BOM) in combination with design …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XXVIII

„… , GermanyQuality improvement of an aluminum gearbox housing by implementing additive manufacturing …” „… DesignInternational Conference on Gears 20224th International Conference on High Performance Plastic Gears 20224th …” „… www.dnb.de abrufbar.Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek (German National …”

M. Zalfen, J. Lovenich, O. Malinowski, C. Brecher, J. Brimmers, S. Neus, S. Stark, D. Kruger Test rig concept for high power VHCF gear testing S. 485-498

„… application, a new centrifugal sealing was designed, see Fig. 5. Fig. 5: Design of centrifugal sealing The …” „… gearboxes in turbo gearbox applications is the high number of load cycles reached by the gearbox components …” „… ) gear applications leads to uncertainties in the design of highly loaded gears for aerospace …”

G. Hlebanja, M. Hriberšek, M. Erjavec, S. Kulovec Influence of the tooth flank shape on wear for a steel-POM gar pair S. 1295-1304

„… same module and number of teeth by measurements of the quality parameters according to DIN 3961/62 on …” „… temperature properties or internal lubricants are at disposal. Heat is prevailingly generated by friction …” „… induced by sliding of the contacting surfaces of a mating gear pair. And work of friction, treated as …”

E. Tanaka, J. Xia, J. Zhuang, M. Nakasako, K. Ikejo Tooth profile error detection only using a small spot type of laser sensor S. 707-714

„… from the root to the tip of the targeted gear tooth, by calculating from the theoretical involute curve …” „… and the specifications of the targeted gear. By subtracting the template data from the measured data …” „… surface by using laser reflection In the gear tooth surface condition recognition, there were various …”

F. Mieth, C. Ulrich, B. Schlecht Stress calculation on bevel gears with FEM influence vectors S. 585-596

„… modern gear boxes elastic gears are used. In order to be able to carry out an optimal gear design with …” „… hours of modeling and calculation time with conventional FEM solvers. Therefore, common design tools …” „… the quality of the stiffness matrix. The determination of tooth stiffness is already well advanced and …”

G. Klein New chamfer cutting solutions for cylindrical gears: gaining productivity and flexibility S. 1397-1410

„… Chamfering uses a universal fly cutter with standard indexable carbide inserts. Chamfering is executed by …” „… machine movements and does not depend on the tool design itself, so a single tool can be applied across a …” „… additional chamfer on the edge between the flank and the gear face – either by chamfer forming with the …”

B. James Developing a digital thread linking gear design to manufacturing simulation and metrology S. 185-196

„… Integration by Simulation and OptimisatioN), funded by Innovate-UK and led by Hexagon. It included the design …” „… bias, or twist, which may not be anticipated or requested by the designer. Investigation of the …” „… follows a gear that was designed by and manufactured on behalf of Hexagon for one of its research projects …”

K. Lubke, M. Stein, S. Lin Validation of evaluation algorithms for cylindrical involute gears on coordinate measuring machines – new challenges according to standardization S. 1529-1538

„… . Due to this the evaluation algorithms are sophisticated. These issues are addressed by a research …” „… reference results will be calculated by agreed and independent reference algorithms developed by the PTB …” „… manual quality inspection of single gear features, e.g. specialized calipers. State of the art for the …”

F. Reinle, D. Mangherini, E. Morgano, A. Bongiovanni Combining improved gear efficiency and improved fatigue performance through mass finishing S. 609-620

„… region, 30° tangent Evaluating fatigue performance Special bending fatigue specimens designed by CRF to …” „… lower end regarding surface quality. Increased wear in the combination of low viscosity oil and …” „… flank load carrying capacity and low roughness can be achieved. Power density is impacted negatively by …”

A. Pogačnik, U. Kissling The future of plastic gear standardization S. 1149-1160

„… gear design. One of the biggest limitations of VDI 2545 was that the root and flank SN curves were …” „… described. Despite some of the limitations that plastic gear design according to VDI 2736 brings, it is …” „… possible to design plastic gears. But the engineers might require some additional tools (contact analysis …”

C. Schonke, T. Magdy, K. Daubach, W. Kassem, M. Oehler, O. Koch Simulation of high torque density gearbox noise excitation S. 837-848

„… widely used was developed by Weber and Banaschek in the 1950s [3]. It derives the stiffness of gears in …” „… the meshing plane by analytical beam equations. These methods were further developed in the following …” „… . 2389, 20228383 The COMPOSE-Software The new COMPOSE-software is a universal tool for the design and …”

A. Eric, D. Olveda, T. Froschmeier, V. Schulze Local pitting fatigue concept with EHL simulation for case hardened gears in electrical drives S. 133-144

„… gears and bearings. Early approaches like e.g. [1] and [2] are inspired by bearing design methods and …” „… powertrains come with new challenges for the design engineers. This requires innovative micro geometry …” „… modifications and design solutions which can be a challenge for the fatigue evaluation that is strongly based on …”

B. Legrady, M. Taesch, G. Tschirschnitz, C. F. Mieth Prediction of churning losses in an industrial gear box with spiral bevel gears using the smoothed particle hydrodynamic method S. 651-664

„… Computer-Aided Design (CAD) geometries in the SPH method. The calculation of churning losses is executed by means …” „… solutions GmbH, Berlin;Dipl.-Ing. C. F. Mieth, Institute of Machine Elements and Machine Design (IMM …” „… conditions in gearboxes. In conservative approaches, this requirement is fulfilled by an oil oversupply that …”

S. Ebrahimi, J. Langhart, D. Marano NVH calculations for drivetrains, a methodology for selection of the best suitable calculation approach for a specific purpose S. 75-90

„… be used to address demanded design modifications, such as local stiffening of the housing by means of …” „… establish a ‘design-manufacture-measure' loop, where the manufactured flank topologies are applied in the …” „… typical gearbox. Two different variants of gear designs regarding the microgeometry are considered for …”

S. Matkovič, M. Kalin, A. Pogačnik Dimensional stability of moulded polymer gears under various environmental conditions S. 1061-1070

„… wear, lower efficiency … It is very important to consider the swelling effect already in the design …” „… accurate polymer gear design calculation. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2389, 2022 10611. Introduction The …” „… are typically used for polymer gear moulding, and are easily penetrated by water, whereas the …”

A. Miltenovic, M. Banic Investigation of the meshing friction heat generation of worm gears and influence of the contact shape S. 803-810

„… cutting parameters and to find optimal manufacturing procedure. Miltenovic [6] investigate thermal design …” „… estimated using FEM and software ANSYS WORKBENCH. The contact flux distribution was assessed by directly …” „… evaluated by default ANSYS equation, where it was considered that all frictional dissipated energy was …”

T.-T. Mac, D. Iba, Y. Matsushita, S. Mukai, T. Inoue, A. Fukushima, N. Miura, T. Iizuka, A. Masuda, I. Moriwaki Application of genetic algorithms for parameters identification in a developing smart gear system S. 239-252

„… induced by the quality of the practical samples. ?. ?. 20 log 1 2?1??? ??????? ??????? ????? ? ? (3 …” „… . The experimental return loss data is measured by a network analyzer from a practical smart gear system …” „… . Consequently, the desired parameters of the practical smart gear system are the final selected values by GA to …”

B. Reetz, T. Munch, W. Kappeler Challenges for lead-free brass alloys in worm gears S. 1467-1488

„… typically manufactured by centrifugally or continuous casting. These castings are machining to finished …” „… to increasing wear under high loadings. This wear is further driven by the generation of friction …” „… higher loads the use of special brass alloys is recommended. They are manufactured by casting, hot …”

D. Mevissen, L. Uhlmann, U. Kupper, J. Brimmers, T. Bergs Analysis of friction of bowl-shaped surface structures resulting from alternative gear manufacturing processes S. 1371-1382

„… this, under the given boundary conditions, EDM is characterized by a very good gear quality in …” „… characterized by bowl-shaped cups which may lead to an optimized running behavior in terms of friction or load …” „… bowl-shaped surface can be reached by the alternative manufacturing process of machine hammer peening. Machine …”

D. Drummer, D. Schubert, C. Herzog In situ measurement of geometric and structural influences on the operating properties of polymer gears S. 1099-1116

„… design itself in this case. It is mainly influenced by the position and the clearance of the shaft the …” „… In this contribution, a new design for a test rig was presented and validated. By employing a …” „… , Bubikon, Switzerland, the other was designed by Frenco GmbH, Altdorf, Germany, using their Spline …”

L. Bonaiti, F. Rosa, P. Mahendra Rao, C. Gorla, F. Concli Gear root bending strength: statistical treatment of single tooth bending fatigue tests results S. 15-30

„… strength is determined by its weakest tooth, while in a STBF test the failing tooth is predetermined. The …” „… latter effect is considered by means of the statistic of extremes, which enables the estimation of the …” „… ANSI/AGMA 2001 [2], provide designers with an analytical framework, to assess a gear train, in respect to …”

B. van Wissen, M. Kanters, F. Mitsuzuka, K. Iwanaga, M. Meuwissen, A. Hasanovic Predicting static and fatigue performance of fiber reinforced plastic gears S. 1083-1098

„… products and specialized industry. Especially in gear applications DEM has proven its capabilities by using …” „… this complexity, one tends to perform dedicated application tests in each design phase and converge to …” „… a final design in an iterative way. However, with fundamental material knowledge and …”

L. Hildebrand, F. Dangl, M. Sedlmair, T. Lohner, K. Stahl CFD analysis on the oil flow of a gear stage with guide plate S. 677-694

„… understanding of the system interactions and components is fundamental for optimal design. By means of …” „… corresponded to the commonly known designation “W2” by Mauz [32]. This refers to the wheel rotating …” „… distribution by a high-speed camera. 1. Introduction Within the development of modern powertrains, a deep …”

A. Alnahlaui, P. Tenberge Improved method for the determination of tooth root endurance strength S. 31-44

„… applications is driven by a continuous striving for increased functionality and power density at the lowest …” „… , the design and modelling of the gearboxes should be reworked and refined, and on the other hand, the …” „… calculation by means of a strength, load capacity or stress capacity characteristic function. The Wöhler curve …”

J. Koenig, D. Kehle, K.-P. Heinzle Investigation of the failure mechanisms of plastic materials with and without fiber reinforcement S. 1269-1280

„… capacity of plastic gears may be increased by means of reinforcement with fiber materials, such as glass or …” „… various conditions. These tests were accompanied by a non-destructive documentation of the gears with a …” „… [5]. The calculation of the load carrying capacity of plastic gears can be done by means of the …”

S. Matkovič, M. Kalin Effect of tribological properties on tooth root fatigue failure of polymer gears S. 1257-1268

„… available. Nevertheless, the design with these materials is not fully trustworthy due to the lack of …” „… drivetrains. They operate by kinematic coupling between driver–pinon and driven gear. In this action, two …” „… . The friction and wear, and the tribofilms, in the polymer-metal contacts are influenced by various …”

J. Theling, M. Willecke, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher Influences on the Excitation Behavior of Lightweight Planetary Gearboxes S. 421-432

„… planet gear shafts. For this purpose, the planets are designed as pinion shafts and supported by …” „… weight has become one of the key quality criteria. However, saving material usually also leads to lower …” „… deformations and additional misalignments on the excitation behavior. By means of this measuring cell, the …”

A. Wedmann, M. Stein, K. Kniel Gear calibration in tactile scanning mode on CMMs S. 1539-1552

„… oscillations or vibrations arising due to the design of the CMM may also have to be investigated separately by …” „… . This is why PTB has up to now only provided gear measurement standard calibration by means of …” „… single-point probing. Recently, PTB thoroughly reworked its calibration routines by implementing the advanced …”

N. Sagraloff, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Suitability of the test results of micropitting tests acc to FVA 54/7 for modern practical gear applications S. 469-484

„… determined theoretically and has to be determined by physical testing. A well-established test procedure to …” „… determined theoretically and has to be determined by physical testing under suitable test conditions. The …” „… micropitting resistance of lubricants can be determined by the widely used micropitting test according to FVA …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023891

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