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Systematic Derivation of Objective Requirements on Vehicle Steering System

Martin Ralf Münster

Series: Verkehrstechnik/Fahrzeugtechnik

Volume 819 2023

Results in this title

Requirement-Based Module Design Using Solution Spaces S. 153-188

„… Chapter 7Requirement-Based Module Design Using Solu-tion SpacesAdmittedly, the requirements at …” „… with Solution SpacesAt the beginning, a short introduction to the robust design method of Solution …” „… .7.1.1 The Basic Idea of Solution SpacesThe basic idea how to compute so-called “Solution Spaces” for …”

Introduction S. 1-12

„… of robust design is used, which relies on so-called “Solution Spaces”.In that context, a Solution …” „… (so-called “dimensions”) of a subsystem is called as multi-dimensional “SolutionSpace”. Examples of the …” „… application of Solution Spaces to high-dimensional problems for thedesign of mechanical structures are given …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XVI

„… Design – Solution Spaces – UncertaintiesThis thesis answers the question how to derive subsystem …” „… Spaces 1537.1 Robust Design with Solution Spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1547.1.1 …” „… The Basic Idea of Solution Spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1547.1.2 Procedural Outline …”

Conclusion S. 189-194

„… at module level with an existing method of robust design (Solution SpaceIdentification). These ranges …” „… , so-called “Solution Space”, are constructed to be as large aspossible in order to provide maximum …” „… each other.Since the algorithm to calculate the Solution Space for a potentially high-dimensionalset of …”

Bibliography S. 195-204

„… , 2013.[32] Erschen, S. “Optimal Decomposition of High-Dimensional Solution Spaces for ChassisDesign”. PhD …” „… Steering DesignUsing Solution Spaces for Decoupled Dynamical Subsystems”. In: Proceedings of …” „… Bibliography[153] Zimmermann, M. and von Hoessle, J. E. “Computing Solution Spaces for RobustDesign”. In …”

Substructuring the Vehicle Steering S. 13-34

„… to maximizethe available design space for the supplier. Assuming that the conceptual layout of one …” „… the compatibility condition(Eq. (2.33)) the response of the uncoupled subsystem B is the solution …”

Deriving Requirements on Subsystem Level S. 35-62

„… SubsystemsSimplified ModelingModel-IntegrationModel Parameters Design Space …” „… samemanner, the exact solution of Eq. (3.84) can be estimated by upper and lower limits:∣∣A111 A122∣∣+∣∣A121 …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186819123

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ELIV 2019

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2357 2019

Results in this title

J. Klesing, S. Safour Problems and solution spaces for driver-initiated handover from automatic to manual driving mode S. 31-44

„… Problems and solution spaces for driver-initiated handover from automatic to manual driving mode …” „… the following solution spaces: - Shared haptic control as a means of bi-directional communication …”

S. Poledna driving platforms – Tailoring fail-operational systems based on production experience in the aerospace industry for the automotive use cases S. 537-550

„… and space, this trend is now moving into the automotive industry. With one pronounced difference …” „… companies to select the best-in-class solution elements coming from third parties and to then integrate …” „… . Fail-operational requirements Starting from level 3 automated driving, solutions require a fail-operational design …”

T. Grasshoff, O. Tamm Efficiency Advantages of SiC in Electric Drive Train Applications S. 169-176

„… demand to minimize weight and space consumption, high resistance to shock and vibration as well as rugged …” „… IGBT based solutions are well established and will go into volume in the next 2 years. The alternative …” „… range in the same design or boosting the drive train power in the same space. In the 800V battery …”

B. Fähnrich, A. Körner Easy Integration of 48V Mild Hybridization by Dual Voltage Battery Management – Realizing CO2 saving potentials by low implementation efforts S. 139-152

„… discussions on the subject might well lead to the idea that the only solution is to get rid of the internal …” „… the market, there is a real lack of attractive mass-mobility solutions to meet the high levels of …” „… demand in the compact and mid-size segment. And this is precisely where intelligent solutions are needed …”

J. Heinrich, A. Braasch, F. Plinke Ensuring the reliability, availability and safety of fully automated and autonomous transport systems through modern system architectures S. 11-20

„… different requirement and environments. A solution is that dynamic system structures are introduced that …” „… solution to represent the boundary conditions is to use VDI-Berichte Nr. 2357, 201914 the Monte Carlo …” „… operate autonomously in the event of a fault, e.g. space systems that can’t be easily controlled remotely …”

Addressing the challenges in designing fail-operational architectures for autonomous S. 537

M. Kleinkes, W. Pohlmann, C. Wilks Boost Safety & Styling for vehicle lighting – Individualization and new Functionalities S. 551-566

„… the InGaN LEDs semiconductor, into overall white light. New solutions to establish Full-field-of-view …” „… figure 1. In addition, intermediate solutions for these two technologies are conceivable, while pixels …” „… are only separated to a certain depth or the separated space between the pixels is filled with …”

N. Knappstein Seeing With Sound – Next-level 3D ultrasonic sensors based on echolocation S. 5-10

„… first commercialized 3D ultrasonic solution that provides echolocation, i.e. the ability to “see with …” „… monitoring in the interior of the car With further improvements in the autonomous driving space, the …” „… localization of objects in three-dimensional space also allows a 3D ultrasonic sensor to VDI-Berichte Nr. 2357 …”

M. Kremer, M. Kreutz, M. Luxen, S. Christiaens ADAS/AD Systems: Efficient Testing & Validation – From data acquisition to data analytics S. 21-30

„… demands on test and validation solutions. In particular, the huge amount of data to be collected and …” „… first describes the selection criteria of a data logger solution for the acquisition and processing of …” „… that after having found a proper data logger, which can take care of these needs, a proper solution …”

G. Mabire Trucks as the drivers of connectivity-based innovation – What the passenger car sector can learn from the experience already gained in trucks today S. 275-282

„… connectivity etc. Individual car manufacturers offer advanced solutions such as over the air updating of …” „… fleets cross-OEM solutions since all interested parties can access the same standardized data, even if …” „… standardized interfaces for the access to driver data. The following solutions are available: a. Connection …”

Y. Chazal, A. M. Hein, S. Boutin System of systems structured data for mobility services S. 293-306

„… available in a reference architecture for intelligent transportation solutions, called ARC-IT (Architecture …” „… is likely to decrease due to initiatives for shared mobility and parking space in the surroundings …” „… of the campus. Hence, shared mobility solutions such as carpooling are also likely to increase. For …”

M. Traub, H.-U. Michel Future electric/electronic architecture – Sustainable design of a digital in-vehicle backend infrastructure S. 201-212

„… departments and external partners. The objective is to develop a solution in which BMW can concentrate on its …” „… for the solutions will then be compared to the current serial implementations with a 360° target …” „… matrix. As an example, two solutions and their evaluation are addressed in this paper: VDI-Berichte Nr …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-X

„… . Luxen, S. Christiaens, FEV Europe GmbH, Aachen Problems and solution spaces for driver-initiated …” „… , e.solutions GmbH, Ingolstadt The Future of Digital Car Access – Service Potentials and Ecosystem Challenges …”

A. Hahn Enhancing In-Vehicle Communication by Authentication and Security – An incremental approach with an example for CAN message authentication S. 443-454

„… security in an in-vehicle network. The solution scales very well across all in-vehicle communication …” „… . CAN-FD offers payload up to 64 bytes, which gives more space for additional information (Fig. 3). Even …” „… lengths and position of the MAC and sequence number field, to cope with existing solutions. Fig. 5 shows …”

R. Adler, D. Schneider, T. Fukuda Engineering and Hardening of Functional Fail-Operational Architectures for Highly Automated Driving – Identifying and shaping the operational design domain S. 383-394

„… further sensors and algorithms. In this way, we define the design space for our fail-operational …” „… approaches provide solutions for modeling the trustworthiness of provided services or information. The idea …” „… their assurance cases and find solutions how they can work together safely. Assurance cases provide …”

M. Oertel, J. Wolf Safety for Automated Driving with High Performance ECUs S. 395-406

„… should not be the fallback solution in the safety concept, there must be an electronic fallback. A …” „… of memory, but all code is running in the same address space. This hardware difference leads to a …” „… time, since this code is not self-explanatory. One viable solution would be to hire maintainers for …”

R. Grave Use of open source software in automotive safety projects – A decision tree for the usage of open source software components in safety projects S. 269-274

„… requirements were mapped to access itself the library could be used in his own isolated space. A special case …” „… products. This solution might initiate larger development activities to argument that OSS components can …”

A. Magnuson Going from an Electronic Unit Centric Development to Application Software Centric Requires a Different Architecture Mindset in Automotive S. 239-254

„… acceleration as it restricts the solution space. As in enterprises, software is a major contributor to …” „… of looking at the solution has led to that when we are talking about software the focus has been on …” „… solutions [24] and focusing in “logical structures” and “logical relationships”. Service-oriented solutions …”

L. Krauß, E. Kögler, M. Bayer, S. Wiechmann, M. Worch, M. Mohamad Development of the Cockpit-UI/UX of the Taycan in an Agile Way – Less is More S. 67-78

„… different time schedules – a solution VDI-Berichte Nr. 2357, 201970 is described in the paragraph …” „… Porsche for the Infotainment Development The solution lies on different levels: First, on the level of …” „… creates storage space. In addition to the host of innovations, there is another detail that no Porsche …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023570

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Dritev 2024

VDI Wissensforum GmbH

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2433 2024

Results in this title

K. Wawra New efficiency, cost, and space advantages of highly integrated xONEdrive solutions S. 47-52

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024331

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LAND.TECHNIK 2022

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2395 2022

Results in this title

J. Doerr, R. Kalmar, B. Rauch, S. Stiene Data Spaces in Agriculture – Status Quo and Perspectives S. 511-520

„… . https://internationaldata spaces.org/, accessed: 04.01.2022 [13] 2022 agrigaia: AgriGaia | Startseite, 2022 …” „… Data Spaces in Agriculture Status Quo and Perspectives Prof. Dr.-Ing. Joerg Doerr …” „… arising from the status quo of the digital domain ecosystem in agriculture and its respective data spaces …”

F. Wohlfahrt, T. Gores, S. Terorde, L. Frerichs Applicability Evaluations of Methane based Powertrain and Energy Storage Systems on High Performance Harvesting Machine Applications S. 423-430

„… presented, the solution space of possible vehicle concepts includes variants that are not capable of …” „… efforts, methane-based solutions can be designed more spaceefficiently than e.g. H2-based storages (Fig. 1 …” „… ). Nevertheless, the figure depicts a significant additional space-demand in comparison to established …”

A. Klein, M. Kissel, P. Pickel, F. de Moraes Boos, V. Kegel GridCON2 – Development of a Cable Drum Vehicle Concept to Power 1MW Fully Electric Agricultural Swarms S. 11-16

„… layers or thicker cables. Those solutions are not viable because of limited design space for vehicle …” „… , 202212 3. Energy Distribution Vehicle cooling solution A main topic is the heating of the spooled …” „… combined with spacer-rods to create a lager contact surface between cable and air. In this case, 70% to 80 …”

D. Thute, J. Furmaniak, A. Alterbaum Compact cooling system set-up with an innovative pre-cleaning solution for a mid-range combine harvester application S. 243-250

„… Compact cooling system set-up with an innovative pre-cleaning solution for a mid-range combine …” „… in front of the engine with a compact and highly effective pre-cleaning solution and a raised …” „… (wiper-solution with a rigid cooler mesh) and additional design features. In this context the special …”

A. Opgenoorth, K. Schmitz Development of hydraulic drive systems in the context of electrified work machines S. 133-146

„… . Hydraulic systems especially offer a simple and cost saving solution of linear movements using hydraulic …” „… be stored in a high-pressure container, it does not take up much space or much weight. This is …” „… , especially the commonly used lithium-ion batteries by a factor of ten. Reviewing the energy to space ratio …”

G. Fiocchi Hybrid and full-electric solution for Telescopic Handler S. 147-152

„… Hybrid and full-electric solution for Telescopic Handler Giacomo Fiocchi, Carraro S.p.a …” „… integrated powertrain solutions. The core components of the ePower proposal are the electric motors …” „… architecture doesn’t fit all; this is the reason why ePower Systems offers solutions from P0 to P4 according …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XVI

„… Structuring of electrified agricultural machine systems – Diversity of solutions and analysis methods …” „… by CIELab color space – detection of N supply and plant discrimination …” „… solution for Telescopic Handler …”

K. Singh Sian Frugal Innovation – “Doing more with less” S. 193-202

„… , it is very common to develop products based on existing solutions by downgrading, downscaling or …” „… (reasonable) solutions based on existing scarce resources to solve problems smartly. Which is linked to …” „… Frugal Innovation => solution to meet the local market requirement with less cost, very simple and …”

F. Pult, A. Stein, M. Geimer Challenges in the Use of Alternative Fuels: Solutions to handle Boil-Off Gas in Agricultural Machines S. 431-440

„… Challenges in the Use of Alternative Fuels: Solutions to handle Boil-Off Gas in Agricultural …” „… machines because their environment contains easily flammable elements. Thus, a solution must be found to …” „… components can be located on the vehicle or externally to reduce weight and installation space. Suitable …”

A. Grever, M. Muter, B. Johanning A generic approach to bridge the gap between route optimization and motion planning for specific guidance points of highly automated machines S. 71-78

„… discretization of the robot's input space o Reuse and adaption of the hybrid A* search tree information o …” „… Hybrid A* expansion and search heuristic based on nonlinear state space model to take kinodynamic …” „… constraints on the solution quality of a routing process, as schematically shown in Fig. 2, the collection of …”

R. R. Shamshiri, C. Weltzien, T. Schutte Multi-Sensor Data Fusion with Fuzzy Knowledge-based Controller for Collision Avoidance of a Mobile Robot S. 349-358

„… inaccuracies in the GPS and IMU measurements. Advanced perception solutions are therefore required to assist …” „… competition and to provide open space for cross row ventilation. Published reports indicate that lack of …” „… obstacles in the field. As an alternative solution, high-end 2D and 3D LiDAR sensors with simultaneous …”

F. de Moraes Boos, S. Pfaffmann, V. Kegel GridCON Swarm – Development of a Grid Connected Fully Autonomous Agricultural Production System S. 17-22

„… automation solution developed to allow such a system to operate within an agricultural context. Furthermore …” „… proposal for such an automation solution and an overview of its underlaying ideas has been presented …” „… margin of execution, the swarm controller takes no action, allowing space for inconsequential deviations …”

S. Prufling, B. Langer Latest technology solutions for Charging and e-Machines – how off-road and agriculture applications can benefit from automotive innovations S. 365-380

„… Latest technology solutions for Charging and e-Machines – how off-road and agriculture …” „… needs of agriculture applications today. High torque and power output machines within small space are …” „… for e-mobility applications. There is a need for interconnected and seamlessly integrated solutions …”

I. Stasewitsch, J. Schattenberg, L. Frerichs, K. Kruger, J. Schobel, M. Lehr, T. Neugebauer Localization with a ground penetrating radar in harsh agricultural environments S. 153-162

„… point gets a filtered sweep as his payload. A quadtree subdivides a two-dimensional space by …” „… is the localization solution 6. Step: Systematic sampling of the particles 7. Step: Go to 2. Step …” „… particle provides the localization solution. In the 6. stage, particles with low weight are sorted out by …”

F. Martin, G. Lohrmann, A. Stoll Selective weed control in grassland using high-pressure water jets S. 105-110

„… non-chemical solutions are necessary. A suitable weed control device and an effective management strategy were …” „… tractor-mounted implement is hitched in the front attachment space. The device is supplied by a low pressure pump …”

C. Scholz, B. Pamornnak, S. Becker, A. Ruckelshausen Practice of autonomous field robotics compared to a tractor-implement-combination for the example of mechanical weed control S. 111-116

„… two corn rows and has correspondingly little space available. In case of stronger deviations from the …” „… solution for collecting all important parameters for a good functioning of these machines on farms. In …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023952

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Dritev – Drivetrain For Vehicles 2019

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2354 2019

Results in this title

A. Kooy, R. Seebacher Minimize torsional vibrations – Full isolation if necessary S. I-313-I-328

„… start and stop challenges, reduced design spaces, driving at low engine speed and increased NVH …” „… space requirements. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2354, 2019 313 1. Introduction Schaeffler believes that classic …” „… to package the electrical motors in the drive train, the space for the dampers is even more limited …”

A. Locher, M. Ebenhoch, P. Gutmann Innovative 8HP modular design kit for conventional, MHEV and PHEV transmissions S. I-103-I-112

„… particular challenges due to installation space restrictions, as the electric drive also have to be …” „… the necessary flexibility in the product portfolio described above, solutions that can be used to …” „… implement both, conventional automatic transmissions and hybrid drives in a modular design kit solution are …”

B. Müller, C. Angrick, M. Fritz New concepts for electrical drive trains for high power density S. II-55-II-66

„… electrification of vehicle powertrains requires modular solutions to address the heterogenous requirements …” „… concerning different application areas, packaging space conditions and performance scaling while regarding …” „… e-motor, power electronics, sensors to software application-specific, high power density solutions with a …”

H. Merkel Solutions for increased power density at shifting clutches S. I-197-I-212

„… terms of weight reduction and installation space. BorgWarner has developed special solutions to …” „… Solutions for increased power density at shifting clutches Dipl.-Ing.(FH) Harald Merkel …” „… space with lower weight. BorgWarner has also developed a new clutch concept that allows high torque …”

A. Kinigadner, T. Biermann Schaeffler eAxle family – future solutions for the electric drivetrain S. I-567-II-VIII

„… Schaeffler eAxle family – future solutions for the electric drivetrain Dipl.-Wirtsch.-Ing …” „… and become the solution of choice for reducing CO2 emissions. It is also expected that the level of …” „… . The result is a family of electric axles that offers an optimum solution for different customer …”

A. Lampe, R. Serway, L. Große Siestrup, C. Gühmann Artificial intelligence in transmission control – Clutch engagement with reinforcement learning S. I-113-I-132

„… state space. A virtual driver generating arbitrary engine torque trajectories proved to be the solution …” „… for the problem. However, the solution is always highly dependent on the programmer's knowledge and …” „… solution is not bound to or restricted by the knowledge of an expert, technical specialist or programmer …”

H. Gürbüz, S. Ott, A. Albers Potentials for improving the system behaviour of highspeed clutches for BEV using optimal transmission springs S. I-265-I-278

„… large part of the available installation space and have a significant influence on the control and …” „… solution is the use of a variable gear ratio for starting and maximum speeds, so that the size of the …” „… solutions are not suitable for meeting the extreme requirements with regard to freedom from drag torque …”

H. Göbbels, S. Scholz, S. Volkmer Efficient 6-speed manual transmission for modern downspeeding solutions S. I-411-I-426

„… Efficient 6-Speed Manual Transmission for Modern Downspeeding Solutions Dipl.-Ing. Helmut …” „… efficiency. The MQ281-6F (six-speed, front-wheel drive) was developed as a 2.5-shaft solution for a onebox …” „… gear unit is 189.15 mm. Designing the center distances within the packaging space boundaries of the …”

H. Schäfer System impacts to the electrical drive by using SIC-power semiconductors S. II-15-II-28

„… with a simultaneous reduction of the total assembly space, weight and costs are big advantages for …” „… therefore also the installation space, the weight and system costs. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2354, 2019 …” „… existing solutions (see figure 5 and 6) VDI-Berichte Nr. 2354, 201918 Fig. 5: Parasitics of a power …”

G. Hellenbroich Low-cost DCT for emerging markets incl. 48 V hybridization S. I-67-I-78

„… which includes a unique, add-on hybrid solution that offers both P2.5 and P3 functionalities with …” „… version) and 355 mm (dry clutch version), making it easily the most compact hybrid DCT solution available …” „… markets up to now. Still, customers frequently complain about the shift comfort of AMT solutions …”

A. Gehring, M. Beringer, M. Özdemir Overview of stator technologies motors for electro mobility in passcars – The right technology for each application S. II-67-II-76

„… develops different technologies for these electric propulsion systems to offer the optimal solution for …” „… packaging space is still very short. Figure 3 shows a cross section of the connection side of such a stator …” „… demands in parallel hybrid powertrains on the one hand and the special packaging space in axle drive …”

R. Dold New powertrain concepts for heavy duty commercial vehicles S. III-9-III-18

„… intensifying traffic require Zero Emission solutions for urban distribution. Urbanization and growing …” „… most promising solution for HD LH segment. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2354, 201914 Fig. 3: Comparison of …” „… space with a square length of 136.900 km2 (for example in the outback of Australia) would be needed …”

C. Dassler, M. Kurch, M. Nichols NVH-challenges and solution approaches in electric drive development from the supplier‘s view S. I-349-I-366

„… NVH-Challenges and solution approaches in electric drive development from the supplier‘s view …” „… some are new, and in many cases different solutions are needed compared to conventional powertrain …” „… regarding NVH of electric drive system solutions and underlines the competences of Schaeffler to master the …”

M. Stulrajter, M. Pacha Challenges of sensorless high-speed drives with PM motors S. II-29-II-44

„… sensors are, however, expensive and space consuming. As an alternative solution, a sensorless control can …” „… ]. These motors are used in high-speed applications in military, space, and domestic applications …” „… considered as a solution for high-speed applications. In other words, if assuming up to base speed operation …”

S. Demmerer Efficiency of electric axle drive systems – Potential of multi-speed-drives S. I-279-I-286

„… performance demand on the one hand and higher efficiency on the other. E-mobility seams to offer a solution …” „… . The empowering of the e-motor is generally the cheaper and more efficient solution. But the electric …” „… two-speed e-drive in the same installation space as the single-speed version. The weight also stays almost …”

A. Moser, F. Brezger Efficiency improvements in transmissions using new latching technologies in clutch & hydraulic actuation systems S. I-427-I-446

„… solution space grows even bigger. For future vehicles it will be important to recognize the potentials of …” „… there are defined fines on exceeding CO2 limits, too. The possible solutions for more efficient …” „… Transmissions (AT) and Automated Manual Transmissions (AMT), the number of individual technical solutions …”

V. Schroiff A modular Concept for EMI shielding of thermoplastic housings for E-Cars – An innovative approach to support weight saving and function integration S. II-161-III-VIII

„… , electric drives with high performances are integrated in a very limited space and controlled by electronic …” „… innovative solutions for low-frequency magnetic fields and for the absorption of radar waves were developed …” „… International VDI-Conference Drivetrain Solutions for Commercial Vehicles July 10 and 11, 2019, Bonn …”

M. Jörgensson, C. Wolrath, J. Hallnéus Volvo Cars modular electric axle drive S. I-531-I-540

„… friction or surface. The solution also enables the possibility to vector the torque and speed between the …” „… due to instant torque. In a very compact space, torque conversion must be assured while maintaining …”

K. Baron, C. Rübsam, M. Werra, F. Küçükay Hybridized manual transmission – Opportunities and challenges of mild hybridization S. I-49-I-66

„… aspect. A hybrid solution for a transmission requires the EM position to be at the input-shaft or …” „… output-shaft. Therefore, the options for topology can be limited to P2 or P3. The optimum solution has to be a …” „… transmissions is in the A, B- and C-segment of passenger cars. In those applications the space in the engine …”

K. von Rueden, C. Danzer, J. Liebold, T. Mueller, T. Hirschbeck 1, 2 or 3 – how much it would be? Evaluating the need of multispeed electric drives coming from different perspectives S. I-227-I-254

„… are used to save package space especial on rear axles of convertible electric vehicles ([Pi18 …” „… generation. Without any impact to the pack-age space, this increase is generally only possible with an …” „… transmission itself. To define a suitable powertrain solution for future vehicles IAV uses an advanced …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023549

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Dritev – Drivetrain for Vehicles 2020

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2373 2020

Results in this title

F. Völkel, M. Tietz, A. Schamin, S. Giehl Rolling into the future – Bearing solutions for electric mobility S. I-103-I-118

„… this function in a space-saving manner. If current insulation is additionally needed, hybrid bearings …” „… Rolling into the Future – Bearing Solutions for Electric Mobility Wälzlagerlösungen für die …” „… elements, and current insulation with rolling bearings provides interesting solutions which allow power …”

D. Evenschor, P. Tenberge, M. Wolkerstorfer Package-optimized configuration of transmission elements for automated design concepts – Design concept generation based on results of transmission synthesis S. I-417-I-434

„… necessary to evaluate transmission concepts with respect to their assembly space requirements in a short …” „… assembly space may lead to numerous design concepts. The manual creation of these concepts is …” „… utilization of the existing assembly space. The optimal number of gears and their specific gear ratios can be …”

P. Schwanemann, T. Pfund Market-driven electric motor designs from Schaeffler – Optimized electric motor design process via technology and production kits S. II-1-II-16

„… solution space (Fig. 2). This again still does not show the full big picture as each solution can be …” „… same design solution space, each of these technologies might have their own slight advantage either in …” „… solution space for wave winding stators and Hairpin stators is only partly overlapping. Figure 9 shows the …”

T. Casper, G. Spengler, M. Bromberger The high-efficiency fully electric drivetrain of the new Porsche Taycan S. I-289-I-304

„… solution was rejected and converted to a coaxial solution with the lowest weight and installation space …” „… make much better use of the installation space in the front of the vehicle. Transmission Concepts …” „… distribution. This means that the installation space for a drive unit on the front axle had to be optimally …”

M. Saborío, O. Sarmiento, C. Böhm High efficiency electric transmission oil pump – Transmission hydraulic efficiency improvement through hybridization S. I-149-I-158

„… moving away from pure mechanical oil-pumps to give space to flow on-demand pure electrical supply …” „… hybrid DDP solution on a WLTC cycle. Introduction: transmission oil requirements Historically …” „… , a purely electric solution with a single electric oil pump is not viable for all applications …”

P. Ramet Dedicated hybrid transmissions (DHT) by PUNCH Powerglide – Innovative concepts for optimized DHT in terms of efficiency, cost and packaging S. I-253-I-270

„… versions are attractive solutions from a cost perspective. However, they provide limited potential to …” „… achieving future emission standards. Other approaches, such as P2, P3 and P4 hybrid solutions, have shown …” „… step to compensate for the oncost of these electrified drivetrain solutions. Cost reduction will be …”

D. Kieninger, J. Hemsen, G. Witham The highly integrated ModulED drive module – Holistic concept design S. I-27-I-44

„… mass and installation space. The sub-processes have been presented in detail in [1]. VDI-Berichte Nr …” „… within the design space defined by the reference vehicle and the ModulED project. An extract of the …” „… space. The battery and the basic vehicle parameters (e.g. battery supply voltage, vehicle drag …”

S. Demmerer Next generation electric drives S. II-63-II-74

„… of mobility. With its comprehensive technology portfolio, the company offers integrated solutions for …” „… “ZF electrifies everything”, ZF Group offers purely electric and hybrid solutions for all vehicle …” „… challenges are to keep the system as small as possible, to place the drive in the limited installation space …”

T. Korb, M. Nussbaumer, S. Rinderknecht Generic optimization environment and knowledge-based guided evolutionary algorithms for automated transmission calibration – Method to generate a knowledge base through impact analysis of parameters a... S. I-355-I-384

„… space, which is spanned by the allowed parameter values and especially for nonlinear effects, on the …” „… exploration behaviour of the algorithms. Exploration simplified means to obtain new solutions that are not …” „… used algorithms in a wide spread value space of the parameters and thus high optimization time for …”

H. Gürbüz, S. Ott, A. Sutschet, J. Kern Highly efficient clutch system for multispeed BEV S. I-119-I-132

„… piston force despite removal of the pressure. Due to their speed stability at low installation space …” „… greater potential in terms of function, installation space and costs. Using the equation for the power …” „… dynamics of a clutch with the same test specimen in later tests, the installation space is provided for a …”

L. Wittmann, M. Wein, M. Wolf Consistently quattro S. I-159-I-172

„… provided with a new high-end solution: the sports differential, which actively distributes engine torque …” „… conventional-drive products is already very extensive, offering the right solution for virtually any application …” „… layout of the individual component units and utilisation of available space in the vehicle, from which in …”

M. Deiml High speed electric drive system – A solution for the next generation E-cars S. II-49-II-62

„… High Speed Electric Drive System A Solution for the Next Generation E-Cars Dipl. Ing. (FH …” „… . The oil is kept inside the stator because of closed slots. This solution saves the effort of an …” „… Inverter The focus of the inverter development was to find a solution that meets the requirements for …”

K. Sabzewari, M. Vieracker, J. Sagstetter Cost efficient PHEV powertrain solution based on dedicated hybrid transmission – Cost efficiency for small and mid-size plug in hybrid vehicle S. I-89-I-102

„… Cost efficient PHEV powertrain solution based on dedicated hybrid transmission Cost efficiency …” „… Sagstetter, Vitesco Technologies, Regensburg ost efficient po ertrain solution based on i t i t i i …” „… powertrains, considering existing powertrain components and packaging space. Thus, the maximum synergies …”

F. Brezger, A. Moser Investigation and potential analysis of shiftable form-locked one-way clutches for hybrid and electric vehicles S. I-133-I-148

„… the application which is the best solution to choose. Since it might not be obvious, further basic …” „… VDI-Berichte Nr. 2373, 2020 137 radial design space around the entire circumference, only a kind of “pocket …” „… using a dog clutch. Furthermore, MMCM can be a space saver. In this example it replaces a classical OWC …”

A. Manelli, F. Filippo Irato, C. Cavallino, R. Gay e-FDU: Concept, develop & industrialization of a novel P4 powertrain – From concept to industrialization of a novel P4 powertrain in 24 month S. I-45-I-78

„… focusing during these years. Hybrid and pure electric technologies are both solutions that the OEM are …” „… efficiency, weight and space optimization. Main system requirements are: - Max. e-drive speed 135km/h …” „… . The space boundary conditions given by installation requirements, minimum distance from all the …”

K. Kim New high efficiency CVT for middle class FWD vehicle S. I-271-I-284

„… through the engine’s optimal operating. So, CVT would be a good solution for fuel economy among the …” „… necessary to make additional space for the motor controller and wiring between the motor and the controller …”

B. Pohle, M. Clauß, J. R. Schwarz, E. Schwiederik, D. Lasuen Design optimization of battery systems by multiphysics simulation S. II-89-II-96

„… space) and a chassis-embedded technology that uses the vehicle chassis as battery housing. The main …” „… . VDI-Berichte Nr. 2373, 2020 91 Conductive polymer foil can be seen as an alternative solution since it works …”

D. Vietze, M. Hein, K. Stahl Method for a cloud based remaining-service-life-prediction for vehicle-gearboxes based on big-data-analysis and machine learning S. I-403-I-416

„… for its high efficiency, little space requirement and economic production cost [13]. As presented in …” „… . The optimum solution would be a cloud computing based approach. Today nearly every modern car has the …”

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SWARM: A Novel Methodology for Integrated Circuit Layout Automation Based on Principles of Self-organization

Daniel Marolt

Series: Rechnerunterstützte Verfahren

Volume 475 2020

Results in this title

Implementation and Results S. 166-213

„… up a greater solution space. And rightly so, as certain solutions that would have been unattainable …” „… optimization algorithm, for which a larger solution space metaphorically corresponds to a bigger haystack …” „… is that formalized design constraints are not necessitated by SWARM to diminish the solution space …”

An Interdisciplinary Approach – Preliminary Considerations S. 4-28

„… solution space is explored by multiple particles, each of which represents one candidate solution to the …” „… determination of the layout solution is effected in a totally centralized way. Either, the algorithm has to …” „… solve the entire design problem all alone, or the layout solution must be completely preconceived by the …”

Clarification of the Task S. 1-3

„… solution space exploration and candidate evaluation. Thereby, a proposed candidate layout is successively …” „… refined with respect to explicitly expressed optimization goals as well as confinements of the solution …” „… space. Due to the problem complexity, optimization algorithms usually focus on one specific design task …”

Towards a Holistic Design Flow on Module Level S. 214-219

„… versatility of the approach (i.e., not having to preconceive the entire solution space in advance) and the …” „… layout space to enforce increasingly compact layouts indirectly. (3) Devising a decentralized system …” „… Consideration Implicit Designated Layout Layout Layout Output Solution Result Outcome Solution Solution Found by …”

The Methodology: Self-organized Wiring and Arrangement of Responsive Modules S. 29-165

„… raises a combinatorial challenge. Instead of exploring this immense solution space in a top-down manner …” „… contrasting the terms layout solution in Figure 3.1 [1] and layout result in Figure 3.13 [1]). Section 3.1.2 …” „… Expert Expert's Best Practice Legacy Know-how Layout Solution Nonformalized Layout Design Knowledge EDA …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-VIII

„… various principles of self-organization, remarkable overall solutions can result from the individual …” „… space away from the display, had fixed control buttons regardless of the application, and stayed always …” „… Free Peripheral Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 3.3.2.1 Geometrical Recipe for Perceiving …”

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ELIV-MarketPlace 2022

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2405 2022

Results in this title

E. Richter Next-Gen Sensor Fusion for Next-Gen Sensors and Driving Functions S. 37-58

„… Point CloudsIntegrated Determination of Dynamic and Static Objects as well as Free SpaceStatic …” „… static areasStatic ObjectsFree SpaceDynamic Objectstatic bjectsFree SpaceSteeringThrottleBrakeDriving …” „… – Key TakeawaysStatic ObjectsFree SpaceDynamic Objectstatic bjectsFree SpaceSteeringThrottleBrakeDriving …”

T. Zipper Wireless Services in Next Generation E/E Architectures S. 181-188

„… services, different solutions need to be utilized. Existing, enhanced, and new potential wireless services …” „… transferred into the setup for a Server-Zone architecture, with different solutions from single ECUs to a full …” „… , BLECellular, WiFiCellular, BLECV2X/11p, GNSSBLE/UWB, ISM/LFGNSS (RTK, PPP)AM, FM, DAB, SDARS, Space …”

S. Singer Next generation SOC’s for domain and zonal architectures – Implications for required semiconductors S. 161-172

„… those topics individually and highlights challenges and potential solutions to those. Fig. 1 …” „… performanceADAS ComputerRedundantHigh performanceADAS ComputerInfotainment / HMIDomain SolutionCAN / CANFD100 …” „… Autosar PDU routing from the host coreHow to ROUTE Gigabits/s,Stateful firewall, IDPSProblem?Solution …”

F. Klebert NDS – The Development and Use of a Worldwide Standard for Map Data S. 315-324

„… together by vehicle manufacturers to test solutions for automated driving. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2405, 2022 315 …” „… is defined by the members of the NDS association which includeOEMs, system vendors, solution …” „… which includeOEMs, system vendors, solution providers, and navigation data providers. Cyan Magenta …”

Florian Pampel, M. Stapelbroek, I. Hazanavicius Tailored battery systems for entry level up to high performance applications Challenges in battery development S. 99-108

„… often has to be realized taking into account pronounced installation space restrictions. This results in …” „… application fields and shows activities and solutions to VDI-Berichte Nr. 2405, 2022 99meet their individual …” „… M.Sc.7 |ADVICE CONCEPT – FLEXIBLE AND POWERFULHigh-performance hybrid battery solution with integrated …”

A. Ropers Virtual E/E Test Platform – co-exploration, optimization and validation of ECU architecture and software in the context of the car S. 9-18

„… functions and keep delivery dates under control.In this presentation, we will outline a solution for Virtual …” „… optimization power, performance, accuracy & cost• Fast design space explorationo Performance and power metrics …” „… : latency, throughput, power, utilizationAchieve system performance and power design goalsDesign space …”

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Unsupervised Domain Adaption for Real-World Head Pose Estimation from Synthetic Data

Felix Konstantin Kuhnke

Series: Informatik/ Kommunikation

Volume 883 2023

Results in this title

Partial adversarial domain adaptation for continuous label spaces S. 31-44

„… spacestarget-domain feature spacesource-domain feature space ?Estimatorgrount truthestimatedsource-domain label …” „… domain31partial adversarial domain adaptation for continuouslabel spacesXsPredictorr …” „… spacesXsPredictorr(· ; θr)XtFeatureExtractorf(· ; θf ) Discrim.d(· ; θd)Featuresfrozen parametersparameter update not …”

Introduction S. 1-10

„… spacesDomain adaptation is a popular research field in machine learning (ML).If we count papers about DA for …” „… continuous label spaces.Maybe because of the aforementioned challenges DA for regressiontasks, like pose …” „… concern that makes data generation and usagefor face analysis even more complex.One solution for these …”

Conclusion S. 99-102

„… label spaces (PADACO). We extended recentwork on partial domain adaptation to the previously neglected …” „… regressiontasks where labels are not discrete classes but reside in a continuouslabel space. We showed that …” „… manydomain adaptation tasks. For synthetic-to-real head pose estimation99conclusionthe label space is only …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XIV

„… Adaptation with Synthetic Dataand Continuous Label Spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.3 Objectives …” „… adaptation for continuouslabel spaces 313.1 Adversarial Domain Adaptation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313.2 …” „… Adversarial Domain Adaptation for Continuous Label Spaces 363.2.1 DANN for regression …”

Fundamentals S. 11-30

„… d-dimensional feature space Xand a marginal probability distribution P(X) where random variable Xdenotes a set …” „… and x being one of n observations.Task. A task T is defined by a label space Y and the conditional …” „… supervised manner from labeled data {x(i), y(i)}.The label space Y could be defined arbitrarily to include …”

Evaluation S. 61-98

„… set with shared label space Ys = Ytsynhead++ A source training set with superset label space Ys …” „… thatthe different rotation sequences have a significantly different pose space.The pose difference between …” „… models are trained on 300W-LP. From the table itis clear that calculation in x-y’-z” space provides …”

Domain adaptation using relative pose consistency S. 45-60

„… the framework. We also discusshow to avoid degenerate solutions with consistency regularization andthe …” „… input space. Based on these assump-tions semi-supervised learning techniques can exploit unlabeled data …” „… SolutionsConsistency regularization adds an additional term to the training ob-jective. Several works report …”

Bibliography S. 111-128

„… estimation usingsynthetic images and partial adversarial domain adaption for con-tinuous label spaces.” In …” „… acrosslarge poses: A 3d solution.” In: Proc. IEEE Conf. on Computer Visionand Pattern Recognition. 2016, pp …”

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Dritev – Drivetrain For Vehicles 2018

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2328 2018

Results in this title

M. Hofstetter, D. Lechleitner, M. Hirz, M. Gintzel, A. Schmidhofer Multi-objective gearbox design optimization for xEV-axle drives under consideration of package restrictions S. I-239-I-254

„… solution in desired installation space (opaque blue) and gearbox-specific installation space …” „… schematic of interior (right) Fig. 2: Example of eDrive solution and gearbox interior. Installation space …” „… solution completely fits inside the desired installation space, the negative value of the minimum …”

H. Neurath, L. Frerichs Holistic method to find suitable drivetrain technology and architecture – How available information can be used to reduce development complexity S. III-57-III-70

„… process drives, the most critical elements are used to limit the solution space. If process drives can …” „… order to reduce the solution space. The evaluation architecture is illustrated in Fig. 4. The first …” „… possible solution for some applications (e.g. translational movements), and the supposed low efficiency of …”

R. Buchberger, O. Grieshofer, K. Puchner, R. Sereinig System optimization of electric drives in terms of lightweight design, acoustics and efficiency by means of modern transmission simulation methods S. II-31-II-46

„… optimization result. The design space should be as large as possible to provide the optimizer a solution …” „… degree of new design ideas raises with the size of the solution space. In terms of topology optimization …” „… effects in the solution space must be taken into consideration. In order to capture the damping behavior …”

B. Chamberlin, E. Gold HEV P2 module concepts for different transmission architectures clutch and e-motor options S. I-441-I-450

„… . The paper concludes with the awareness that there is a large variety of technical solutions, combined …” „… differentiation is the required packaging space. The on-axis arrangement is especially interesting for all …” „… longitudinal drivetrains where the axial space limit is generally not too severe. This is also true for DCT …”

D. Evenschor, D, Dennin, P. Tenberge Automated design concept generation of automatic transmissions – Design concept generation based on results of transmission synthesis S. I-181-I-196

„… consequence of the requirement to obtain an all-embracing solution space, possible centrals shaft arrangements …” „… requirement of an all-embracing solution space. In case of the exemplary topology draft in fig. 1, there are …” „… meet the requirement of an all-embracing solution space. In fig. 14, a transmission draft associated …”

T. Smejkal, C. Wirth Innovative transmission topologies using the example of a P2-hybridtransmission for front-transverse applications S. I-147-I-162

„… axial length. Existing serial solutions for automated transmissions aim to reduce installation space by …” „… necessary transverse installation of the transmission imposes high installation space requirements on the …” „… spaces. This presentation will introduce an innovative hybrid transmission which reduces mechanical …”

A. Dietrich, H. Klampfl “Friction Stir Welding” – Lightweight through manufacturing technology – The path from a concept to revolutionary gearbox manufacturing S. I-385-I-396

„… expected significant benefits in terms of space and weight reduction. Finally, this new axle drive …” „… the standard solution to joint gearbox housings, with this welding technology in order to save …” „… weight and package space. The implementation readiness for the Friction Stir Welding technology was …”

J. van der Meer, G. Hangen, J. Uhlig The new plug-in hybrid module as an addition to the AUDI S tronic gearbox family – Design, layout and manufacture S. I-451-I-464

„… existing modular assembly matrix with minimum expansion of installation space Layout – Layout targeted to …” „… installation space it is possible to house the electric drive motor with internal rotor in one cooling unit …” „… output, installation space and coil end height. In this performance class and in this performance range …”

C. Sibla, A. Donges, F. Jauch Third Generation of ZF’s 8-speed automatic transmission – Reducing CO2 emissions in the 8HP transmission S. I-23-I-32

„… hybrid technologies were introduced to the markets as modular hybrid concepts. The installation space …” „… the integral solutions which the above concepts require, the planetary transmissions in a …” „… longitudinal design have certain benefits. Therefore, the solutions that are particularly viable for the …”

I. Andrasec, B. Jeitler AVL’s future hybrid X mode – A modular transmission family concept S. I-211-I-228

„… and effective solutions are in great demand. Legislation regarding permitted CO2 emissions is …” „… developments can involve very different technical solutions. It is important to define clear paths for the …” „… point for new solutions. It is estimated that the overall efficiency of the ICE can be improved by …”

G. van Spijk, A. Klaassen, A. van der Leest, A. Brandsma, M. Tweehuysen CVT: dedicated to hybrid solutions – Setting the benchmark on all KPI’s S. I-65-I-78

„… CVT: dedicated to hybrid solutions Setting the benchmark on all KPI’s G. van Spijk, A …” „… faster than ever and as a consequence powertrain engineering provides new solutions in the same pace …” „… transmission solution in many regions world-wide. While the trend for improved fuel economy is expected to …”

T. Grasshoff, P. Beckedahl Power module packaging technologies for silicon and silicon carbide in automotive applications – challenges and solutions S. II-19-II-30

„… – challenges and solutions Thomas Grasshoff, Peter Beckedahl, Semikron International GmbH, Nürnberg …” „… semiconductor solutions to improve performance and reduce the system costs. 3. Introduction Vehicle …” „… thermal cycles with wide temperature steps, strong demand to minimize weight and space consumption, high …”

Y. Endo Development of new torque converter lockup control for new generation of infiniti QX50 S. I-79-I-94

„… mechanical linkages to achieve space savings and fast shift response resembling that of manual shifting (Fig …” „… Table 1: Requirements analysis and function deployment 3.1 Solution and validation results for …” „… acceleration VDI-Berichte Nr. 2328, 201888 3.2 Solution and validation results for re-acceleration …”

R. Stehr, A. Götz, M. Ciesek, S. Köpfler, M. Finsterbusch, R. Willeke Future Schaeffler CVT concepts with an innovative actuation system S. I-49-I-64

„… advantage, and installation space. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2328, 2018 49 1 Introduction Around the world …” „… , e.g. for integration in the transmission as a cartridge solution or optionally as an add-on actuator …” „… . This was taken into account by providing ample space for the coil, which meets the requirement for an …”

K. Bennewitz, A. Mann Powertrain electrification exemplified by the VW Golf S. II-135-II-168

„… enlarge its own future perspective whereby various reasonable solutions are possible. For Volkswagen …” „… optimum solution within the conceivable propulsion systems. It basically has no local emissions in normal …” „… an optimal solution with respect to cost, weight, packaging and functional requirements. It is …”

R. Heckmann Fully automated EOL E-drive testing – Automation and modularity for efficient testing solutions S. II-73-II-84

„… Fully automated EOL E-Drive Testing Automation and modularity for efficient testing solutions …” „… . For example, equipment can be arranged in any sequence, very little space is required, and no …”

F. Leonardi, A. Munoz, L. Guo, F. Liang, M. Degner Electric machine design approaches for electrified powertrains S. II-169-II-182

„… advancement of integrated CAE solutions that bring together many different types of software that can now …” „… available space for the machine; as the volume made available for the machine is always the result of a …” „… the solution during the fine tuning after 200 runs and about 10 hours of computational time. A …”

D. Güth, J. Haupt, T. Gassmann Seamless-shift two-speed eAxle with torque vectoring S. I-255-I-268

„… . In particular, plug-in hybrids are a smart and flexible solution for combining the customer demands …” „… more housing parts, an intermediate plate and a cover. This layout allows a most compact design space …” „… clutch, what reduces the level of complexity, space requirements, weight and drag losses compared to …”

M. Behzad, V. Saxena, M. Schaefer Thermal-hydrodynamic optimization of grooves in a wet clutch S. I-101-I-118

„… based on the solution of Reynolds equation have gained more attention to provide quick results for THD …” „… flexibility in design of clutch carriers and pistons reducing packaging space. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2328 …” „… . [9] R. C. Xin and T. W. K., "Anlytical solution for transient heat conduction in two semiinfinite …”

M. Bahne, U. Frey, G. Schlager Transmission technology contribution to CO2 roadmap – a benchmark S. I-285-I-304

„… . This involves demonstrating cost-optimized, modular solution options to address the conflicting goals …” „… integrated high-voltage e-motor (7HDT HV) instead of the 48V system, without requiring any additional space …” „… installation space. Alternatively, the 7HDT HV + HV e-Drive not only offer further carbon dioxide emission …”

W. van Harselaar, M. Brouwer, T. Hofman A generic transmission model for hybrid electric drives – Integration of the dynamic behavior of all conventional-, electric-, and hybrid-transmission mode types in a single model S. I-163-I-180

„… design space, especially, when complex dedicated hybrid transmissions that combine an internal …” „… problem of developing a generic transmission model is explained. Subsequently, the solution to the …” „… will explain the first step towards the solution: the definition of the mode type dependent control …”

A. Viehmann, R. König, S. Rinderknecht Investigation of gear shifts in a parallel-series hybrid powertrain with dog clutches in a demonstrator vehicle (two-drive-transmission with range-extender, DE-REX) S. I-323-I-346

„… )) were integrated in the luggage space of the vehicle. The control software is developed model based in …” „… Matlab/Simulink and is flashed to the rapid prototyping hardware (dSPACE VDI-Berichte Nr. 2328, 2018 327 …” „… by the MABX and a dSPACE RapidPro. Additionally, the MABX connects the DE-REX specific hard- and …”

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PIAE Europe 2023

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2418 2023

Results in this title

S. Sampson, L. Fredriksson, M. Bromberger Design for Sustainability Targeting the Strategic Application of Topology Optimization – Lightweighting of structural parts and subsystems S. 437-450

„… engineered solution. Addressing the organizational issue of package management, the design space workflow …” „… design space workflow, a new, powerful, and easy-to-use solution for design space creation for topology …” „… particular, the definition of the available package space has traditionally been an obstacle in the past …”

T. Lindemann Lightweight Thermoplastic Swing Doors for EVs S. 129-134

„… developed for the 2019 Jeep Cherokee, and our composite space frame liftgate reinforcement solution received …” „…  First-to-market application of thermoplastic swing doors are lighter than traditional steel solutions …” „… the forefront of utilizing advanced plastics and composites to develop solutions for its customers. We …”

W. Schijve, R. Bhairi, F. Becker, K. Fischer, M. Emonts Multi-material options for future fire and impact resistant battery casings S. 395-412

„… participating (as by April 2023), AZL has designed and analysed many multi-material battery casing solutions …” „… reference casing. Detailed cost analysis showed that many multi-material solutions, containing composites …” „… material solutions. Some important conclusions will also be presented in this paper. Finally, an outlook …”

J. Haspel, C. Höfs Engineering plastics as enablers for HV battery systems of the next generation S. 103-112

„… paper gives insights into the capabilities of plastic solutions for high-voltage battery housings. 1 …” „… results confirm previous simulations and calculations (Fig. 3). In addition, solutions were also developed …” „… integration (Fig. 4). Although this large and complex component had to fit into the installation space of a …”

M. Barbolini, F. Naudin Cooling pipes for high performance application based on PPS S. 123-128

„… material solution in fact offers good hydrolysis resistance even at high temperatures since the actual …” „… along with thinner walls that weigh less and take up less space. Standard materials usually suffice …” „… internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. Part 3: The material solution: PPS Fortron® polyphenylene …”

Entwicklung Leichtbau-Unterfahrschutz für BEVs in FVK-Bauweise Development of a lightweight underride guard for BEVs in FRP S. 61-72

„… installation space, for which reason classic sandwich designs with high foam core thicknesses can only be used …” „… installation space is available, as is the case with a battery floor, deformation can be reduced by a sandwich …” „… behaves in a comparative characterization in relation to aluminum in the given installation space and …”

F. Meißen, H. Gleich The next level of polymer parts in CAE – From the process to the process chain, from the individual part to the assembly S. 355-362

„… significant adjustment and disturbance variables with the help of e.g. design-space exploration (Fig. 6). Fig …” „… . 6: Schematic sequence of a design-space exploration run with automated mapping functionalities …” „… reality (AR) offer an approach to a solution by overlaying simulation results onto the live view of the …”

G. Gardère, A. Kezmane Composite Material for Automotive Mass Production Applications S. 343-354

„… , VALEO is a major player providing innovative solutions for autonomous driving, vehicle electrification …” „… Systems - is to develop structural and air flow solutions assembled and delivered in just-in-time mode in …” „… solutions, a key driver in Automotive for fuel consumption reduction and EV driving range extension, VALEO …”

M. Fischer Smart front and rear panels by purposefully combined plastic processing S. 479-494

„… and reduces in house logistics as well as manufacturing floor space. 1. Market trends – autonomous …” „… together with partners as well as OEMs and display representative solution out of a bigger matrix of …” „… dosing system was located outside the moulding cell beside the IMM. The total floor space consumption of …”

B. Pesche, R. Vollet-Binet Renault MEGANE e-Tech plastic tailgate – Lightweight and sustainability as DNA S. 73-82

„… high ranges, plenty of space in the interior and dynamic handling. Innovative, affordable lightweight …” „… sustainable feedstock. Mass balance bio-based products (ECO-B product line) can be a compelling solution for …” „… solutions preserves all material characteristics avoiding the deterioration that comes along with usage of …”

Polycarbonatbasierte Karosseriebauteile mit Funktionsintegration Polycarbonate-based body components with functional integration S. 553-584

„… polycarbonate-based resins and films in combination with established as well as advanced PU coating solutions. This …” „… , installation space, weight, costs, etc., the above-mentioned new possibilities and design requirements have …” „… back. Design studies of various OEMs show that such applications could in the future take up more space …”

H.P.C. van Heerbeek LNP™ SLX Resins for Exterior (Lighted) Auto Grill Designs S. 135-148

„… ™ ELCRES™ SLX1271D resin, which provides a weatherable, light diffusive solution that allows selective …” „… shows how the chromaticity coordinates stay well with in the ECE white color space, with only a minimal …” „… grill designs by omitting a coating or painting process thereby offering a more sustainable solution …”

N. Dingenouts, M. Wilhelm Combined methods for polymer characterization in rheology and SEC S. 645-658

„… basis of the external size of the molecules in a highly dilute solution and interactions do not play a …” „… mechanical time evolution in a dilute aqueous solution [12]. Other areas of application lie, for example, in …” „… distribution in 3D space of the three most important molecular parameters of a polymeric material; on the lower …”

F. Groh, R. Apfelbeck, W. v. Gilst, A. Karl Innovative shear panel in plastic for vehicles with shortened battery modules S. 519-532

„… joint development project between AUDI AG and the POLYTEC GROUP, solution approaches were sought for …” „… in the project. From the existing installation space, additional geometric stiffnesses can be …” „… variants, it has been possible to generate additional cost advantages compared to the existing solution. By …”

M. Däbritz, K. Scherer Halving the CO2 footprint through process integration in the production of coated plastic parts S. 239-256

„… solutions to further increase competitiveness and quality. Various processes have already been developed and …” „… complexity but also the clever use of space becomes clear. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2418, 2023244 Fig. 3: Production …”

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Bauen+

Browse Volumes: Bauen+

Bauen+ Volume 9 (2023) Issue 4 ISSN Online: 2363-8125

Results in this title

Birger Gigla ChatGPT und Google Bard: Potenziale in der Akustik. Wie löst generative künstliche Intelligenz eine bauakustische Beispielaufgabe? S. 26-30

„… level of 56 dB. Is this value sufficient for living spaces?Google Bard: The normalized impact sound …” „… difficult to hear or under-stand speech. This can be a problem in classrooms, audi-toriums, and other spaces …” „… consult with a professional acoustician. They can help you assess the problem and recommend solutions that …”

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Drivetrain for Vehicles 2016

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2276 2016

Results in this title

A. Albers, U. Reichert, S. Ott, A. Radimersky Software supported development of a Battery Electric Vehicle powertrain considering the efficiency S. 321-338

„… and needed space of different gearboxes. To limit the large number of possible solutions for single …” „… suitable gearbox of the solution space after the first limitation under considering of the efficiency. The …” „… requirements to the electric machine are considered, the solution space would be huge. For having not too many …”

J. Winchester, A. Favale, S. A. Martin Lightweight, Highly Efficient Drive System S. 667-680

„… brake/emergency brake) integrated into the complete package. This solution will open up packaging space on the …” „… applications utilise Induction or Brushed DC motors limiting packaging space. Alternative solutions are also …” „… shows a concept using the solution discussed in this paper and the space saving that can be achieved …”

A. Albers, S. Ott, N. Bursac, S. Rapp Product Generation Engineering – efficient and effective to innovative drivetrain solutions S. 17-32

„… of a new principal solution was intended; the approach was extension of the design space. Adding the …” „… Product Generation Engineering efficient and effective to innovative drivetrain solutions …” „… , tentativeness with regard to dominating conditions and the chance of using well-known and prevailing solution …”

A. Kooy, D. Eireiner, T. Krause, C. Herbers, B. Vögtle Torsional Damping Systems for all relevant Powertrains – Extending current Damping Technologies S. 257-270

„… requirements. For most MT, effective torsion damper solutions can be found by combining existing and advanced …” „… damping characteristics are derived based on typical available space. Torsional vibration simulations …” „… result in reliable solutions already in the very early development phase. Fig. 3: Predicted engine …”

M. Kraft, W. Pflieger, S. Henzler, C. Nizzola, S. Rinderknecht Simulation-based study of drivetrain electrification to improve driving dynamics S. 177-192

„… Designing hybrid powertrains results in a complex and wide-scaled solution-space [1–3]. The reasons are the …” „… dynamic impact. For that reason studies are considered, which imply continuous sizing solution spaces or …” „… race car. The research exemplary demonstrates lap time improvements for a continuous solution space of …”

C. Ott, S. Eisenhuth, F. Jonas, T. Hofmann New Generation of Hydraulic Control Modules with Integrated Pressure Sensors for Transmission Control S. 243-256

„… improved within less designed space at less costs. This enables the OEM for example to equip his power …” „… train with an additional clutch for hybrid vehicles without the need to provide more designed space for …” „… requirements of transmissions and transmission control in regard to designed space, pressure range, electrical …”

M. Spreckels, U. Christoffer Efficient synchronizer for comfort and performance – increase of manual and dual clutch transmissions S. 207-220

„… with reduced space, weight and costs. VDI-Berichte 2276, 2016208 Therefore it is the ideal solution …” „… can be either integrated into the construction space of standard multiple cone synchronizers (Drop-in …” „… with significantly reduced space, weight and costs. Fig. 3: Design of the Segmented Synchronizer …”

J. Utz, V. Lichtenwald, G. Hirt Short Synchro (STSS) – reduced shift travel for MT’s and DCT’s – Development of a synchronizer system for future demands in transmissions S. 231-242

„… installation space and strength are placed on transmission components due to increasing hybridization of the …” „… (STSS) provides innovative solutions for all of the points mentioned above. The axial length of an …” „… ° 120° sy st em w id th re du ct io n [m m ] roof angle [°] Potentials for axial space reduction m …”

B. Löffler, J. Patzner, M. Drabek, K. Armbruster Modular 8-Speed Hybrid Dual Clutch Transmission With Integrated All-Wheel Distributor by ZF S. 85-100

„… application – in an almost unchanged installation space. Key to a solution for ZF was a modular system based …” „… . Despite the integration of the hybrid module, the axial installation space for the transmission remained …” „… space, an increased number of gears from 7 to 8 and the transmission ratio increase coming along with …”

O. Back, A. Damm, P. Echtler Clutches with positive fit for Automatic Transmissions S. 221-230

„… preferably reduce the installation space. The solution is to reduce the number of friction surfaces, monitor …” „… . A possible solution to this problem could be the use of dog-type shift elements; however, these are …” „… : Motivation and solution VDI-Berichte 2276, 2016 223 In contrast, the combination of a cone clutch and dog …”

H.-W. Raedt, F. Wilke, C.-S. Ernst Lightweight Design in transmission by forging technology in passenger cars and light commercial vehicles S. 485-502

„… and materials technology (especially modern steel solutions), in order to support the megatrend of …” „… space. VDI-Berichte 2276, 2016 489 Fig. 3: Overview of the three categories of ideas for …” „… ratio of iron-based solutions (steel sheet, cast iron parts) than the passenger car analysed in Phase I …”

J. Willert, C. Bünder Modular and Scalable Approaches in Layshaft Transmission Design S. 167-176

„… solutions that can be adapted to specific regional requirements, for both OEMs and car drivers. One …” „… market. Not too long ago, transmissions were mostly closed solutions with little potential for being …” „… e-clutch can be an in-house solution based on components of the 3rd generation DCTs, namely ondemand pump …”

S. Heller, S. Heppel The new BMW hybrid powertrain with eight speed hybrid module S. 353-368

„… into the space of the hydro-dynamic VDI-Berichte 2276, 2016 355 torque converter. This integration of …” „… that it can be used in the installation space of the hydro-dynamic torque converter of the basic …” „… optimized for a high performance with minimum installation space requirement. The permanently excited …”

D. Engelmann, W. Müller, M. Geimer Project “Line Traction 3” – Mechanical driveline with activewheel hubs S. 731-742

„… mechanical powertrains of mobile machines, the mechanical differential is an established solution to …” „… conditions and extending the space concept to accommodate measurement instruments. The demonstrator …” „… the axle shafts when driving through a curve. This concept was adapted to the space conditions …”

F. Brezger, A. Moser Energy Saving Potentials by Advanced Functionalities of Clutch or Brake actuator Systems for Vehicle Drivetrains S. 137-156

„… transmissions. These transmissions and clutches or brakes are mostly hydraulic solutions. The conventional …” „… energy. BorgWarner is developing solutions which can strongly decrease the energy consumption of such …” „… latching clutch or hydraulic solutions (e.g. valves, pressure accumulators) which are capable of keeping …”

M. Funk, G. Bofinger, J. Patzer, D. O. Lautenschlager, E. Granderath The New Porsche Dual Clutch Gearbox (PDK) – an Important Component of the Powertrain of the Future S. 69-84

„… length, a computerassisted synthesis of structures yielded a solution space of approx. 18 million …” „… space in the vehicle’s longitudinal direction. For instance, unlike the predecessor gearbox, the new …”

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LAND.TECHNIK AgEng 2019

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2361 2019

Results in this title

H. Neurath, L. Frerichs Approach to reduce the complexity increase in development processes of mobile machines S. 265-272

„… effort, the rising solution space has to get reduced and manageable again. The Institute of Mobile …” „… solution space. 1. Variation of converter-transformer-combinations 2. Changing topologies by converter …” „… to be considered. If the partial solution space of N(II,1) and N(II,2) contains less than 2001 …”

R. Himmelsbach, J. Pohlenz, K. Grad eCVT for Tractors – Continuously Variable Driving and Electric Power for Implement Drives S. 127-134

„… . Possible solutions There are two possible solutions for implementing the above requirements in a …” „… solutions will prevail in the tractor segment, or how possible market shares will develop in the future is …” „… difficult to predict and depends on many factors. However, in order to be able to offer the best solution …”

M. Hammer, M. Steffan Modular Multi-Purpose Battery Storage System for complex compartments – New module design approach for maximzing benefits of work machines S. 391-400

„… of the installation space for the energy storage system is of utmost importance; both gravimetric and …” „… cells precisely to the available installation space. This flexibility can be offered by the patented …” „… installation spaces approx. 17 and 25 % more energy can be realized in the same installation space …”

H. J. Nissen, A. Kluge, D. Cowan, N. Shafer DataConnect – A solution for Cloud to Cloud data exchange S. 83-90

„… DataConnect – A solution for Cloud to Cloud data exchange Dipl.-Ing. Hans Jürgen Nissen, John …” „… Deere GmbH & Co. KG, Intelligent Solutions Group, Kaiserslautern; Dipl.-Wirt.-Inf. Andre Kluge, CLAAS …” „… E-Systems GmbH, Dissen a.T.W.; Darin Cowan, Nicholas Shafer, John Deere Intelligent Solutions Group …”

L. Levato, C. De Marco, P. Tamamidis, G. Monacelli, S. Panunzio Development of a compact After-Treatment System for agricultural tractors S. 295-304

„… the demanding performance required by the market. To pursue this target, alternative power solutions …” „… , 2019 295 actions (ATS) that may have an impact on the other performances, requiring dedicated solutions …” „… Water Solution) and the conventional SCR. Since the SCRoF replaces part of the SCR, this technical …”

L. Hauer, L. Handl, P. Prankl, M. Datzberger, F. Handler, S. Polly GIS-ELA – Open Source GIS system for small-scale agriculture S. 319-326

„… expensive, the technical solutions too complex, or there is a lack of appropriate knowledge and practical …” „… European Space Agency (ESA) has different satellites in its Copernicus program, including the two Sentinel …” „… application that it’s interesting alternative to existing solutions from international companies. Because …”

J. Philipp Behra Development of increased tire diameters and the effects on axles and drive trains of a combine harvester S. 553-560

„… power requirement or would be too big to be used in the available design space. As a solution two 115 …” „… in the motivation, it is essential to develop bigger tires for the front and rear axle. The space …” „… requirement is the space claim of the machine concept, and quite some efforts were needed to develop a …”

S. Igl, G. Grommer, M. Auer, K. Grad Power Trains, Electric Drives and Mobile Hydraulics S. 135-144

„… solutions B.Eng. Stefan Igl, Dipl.-Ing. Gerhard Grömmer, Dipl.-Ing. Manfred Auer, Dr.-Ing. Karl Grad …” „… ), solution and system approaches for the construction kit and its function groups and findings from initial …” „… Market/application requirements and solution finding As a conclusion of the above, preferred implements for electric …”

M. Sax, R. Latsch, T. Anken, V. Moser, P. Krummenacher Automated site-specific overseeding of grassland S. 165-228

„… sometimes appear in the sward. This provides space for weeds such as rough meadow-grass, which has negative …” „… direct contact with the soil and have enough space and light to grow. In case of many small gaps, a …” „… solutions. This publication presents a predictive driving strategy that uses radar sensors with no need …”

C. Weltzien, R. R. Shamshiri SunBot: Autonomous Nursing Assistant for Emission-Free Berry Production, General Concepts and Framework S. 463-470

„… competition and to provide open space for cross row ventilation for orchard hygiene. Especially in organic …” „… with regenerative (solar) energy as "zero emissions" solution, BOT as short form from Robot, stands …” „… navigation. Shrubs (Fig. 1) are mediumsized woody fruiting plants that are cultivated in row-spaces between …”

S. A. Duppong, M. Kuhl, O. Delvaux Production System Optimization with Electrified Powertrain S. 421-426

„… the powertrain is essential for a cost-effective and efficient electrification solution. Previous …” „… solutions add an electric generator to the already existing transmission. The disadvantage of this strategy …” „… the limited building space causes implementation problems with further cost increases. The new …”

S. Braun, M. Trapp, C. Nass, M. Gerbershagen, S. Schweitzer, R. Falcao, M. Schweitzer, N. Wire Growing Smart Farming Services – How to get the best out of farming data S. 335-340

„… ’ domain and problem space needs to be very well understood. Data analytics and machine learning models …” „… of potential for developing a realistic solution plan for the smart farming service. Feedback cycles …” „… analogy to readiness checks in agile software development. A formal review of the solution concept takes …”

P. Munch Predictive Feed-Rate Control for Combine Harvesters S. 545-552

„… information and operator learning technologies further improves and enhances automation solutions and …” „… speed for down crop or rolling terrain. The PFC utilizes a dynamic state-space combine model that is …” „… spatial-temporal assignments. Based on the dynamic state-space model MPC optimizes the transient behavior of all …”

D. Peitsmeyer Hydraulics in electrified machines – Electrification needs high efficiency S. 145-152

„… installation space on mobile machinery. The advantages of electromechanical drives are high energy …” „… , pump and several cylinders can also be an attractive solution. Combinations in the machine system are …”

G. Bombarda, T. Maxeiner Remotely Controlled Electro-Hydraulics ready for the IoT S. 289-294

„… . Integration between Hydraulic and Electronic is the solution, allowing the deployment of high-level control …” „… ) IoT Depending on the version and available space, a series of sensors are mounted on the pump with …”

J. G. Wiecha, H. Bernhardt, T. Bogel, T. Herlitzius Reducing draft force on mounted implements by an electrified traction roller – Traction assistance on a slurry-injecting grubber S. 495-502

„… slurry-injecting grubbers can be a good solution in taking care of nutrient losses and ammonia emissions …” „… ControlDesk 6.2 by dSPACE embedded systems. To sum up the draft forces, we took out field trials having …”

T. Herlitzius, H. Fichtl, A. Grosa, M. Henke, M. Hengst Feldschwarm – Modular and Scalable Tillage Systems with Shared Autonomy S. 409-420

„… system requires defined spaces for a large variety of tools, component parts and storage capacities. In …” „… industrialized countries faces the following fundamental problems for which substantial solutions need to be …” „… combination with a much better understanding of load cases, which drove sophisticated solutions for …”

C. Campanella, K. Huber, G. Monacelli, L. Ungaretti, M. D’Orazio, G. Scotto di vetta, M. Peruzzini, F. Grandi Ergonomic and compact armrest of agricultural tractors – Innovative methods to design an ergonomic armrest S. 243-252

„… different design solutions involving users. Digital simulation allows creating a digital environment where …” „… actions, predicting the user movements, and defining the best design solution. The main results obtained …” „… , International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO 9241-210 (2009) [5] Pheasant, S.: Body Space …”

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Model-based and Experimental Analysis of Transient Electrodialysis Processes

Matthias Johannink

Series: Verfahrenstechnik

Volume 949 2016

Results in this title

Introduction S. 4-16

„… reversed osmosis by a removal of a nearly pure stream of solvent from the electrolyte solution. In contrast …” „… ow channels and the corresponding 4 C+ A− 1 Introduction electrolyte solution in the ow channels and …” „… those occurring in the adjacent electrolyte solution (Dªugoª¦cki et al., 2010). Galama et al. (2014 …”

Experimental analysis of electrodialysis process dynamics S. 17-41

„… instrumentation diagram in Fig. 2.1. The concentrate, diluate and electrode rinsing solution streams are pumped by …” „… ., Japan). The geometric properties of the stack and the used woven spacers are summarized in Tables A.1 …” „… solution from Tank 3. The design of the plant and particularly the development of the software for data …”

Bibliography S. 161-177

„… Solution of Initial-Value Problems in Di erential-Algebraic Equations. Society for Industrial and Applied …” „… . Pourcelly, and L. Bazinet. Electrodialysis of model salt solution containing whey proteins: Enhancement by …” „… . T. Chapman. The Transport Properties of Concentrated Electrolytic Solutions. PhD thesis, University …”

Appendices S. 139-160

„… current-voltage experiments with NaCl solution used for the reproducability analysis. no. ncells spacer cNaCl Q …” „… with NaCl −Na2SO4 solution. no. ncells spacer cNa+ cCl− cSO2−4 Q2002 ∆p[ mol m3 ] [ mol m3 ] [ mol m3 …” „… current-voltage experiments with NaCl solution. no. ncells spacer cNaCl Q2002 ∆p[ mol m3 ] 10−6 [ m3 s ] 104 [Pa …”

A dynamic process model of an electrodialysis plant S. 84-110

„… cally, the model describing transport in a liquid electrolyte solution is speci ed in Section 5.1.2 to …” „… yield a rigorous description of the transport processes in the spacer- lled channels; the model …” „… solution V E to the total concentration are neglected. This implies that the continuity equation for the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-3

„… membranes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.1.2 Spacer- lled ow channels …” „… spacer design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.2.2 Transient electrodialysis …” „… electrodialysis processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1.3.1 Investigation of spacers by CFD methods …”

Spacer geometry and process performance S. 111-133

„… 6 Spacer geometry and process performance This chapter addresses the development of a …” „… three-dimensional model of the ow channels and the e ect of the spacer geometry on important performance measures …” „… a software tool for the coupled simulation of the hydrodynamics and ionic mass transport in spacer …”

Concluding remarks S. 134-138

„… explain numerous di culties observed in the context of the numerical solution of ionic mass transfer …” „… lm-theory model and the associated missing resolution of the spacer geometry motivated the further extension …” „… good accordance with experimental results from both a single spacer test cell and an entire module …”

Index analysis and reduction of PDAE systems S. 42-65

„… estimate of the di erential index for the entire solution space, is the introduction of the structural …” „… solution is obtained in a straightforward manner, it is di cult to develop a proper relation between the …” „… in nitely diluted isothermal solution is considered, so that the species balance equation for the …”

Modeling of ionic transport in electrolytes S. 66-83

„… description of ionic mass transport in a liquid electrolyte solution and a homogeneous membrane phase. The …” „… activity coe cients and the excess volume in the electrolyte solution are introduced in Section 4.1.2 …” „… two speci c scenarios: (i) a scenario of a liquid solution, where the transport occurs in a …”

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