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LAND.TECHNIK AgEng 2019

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2361 2019

Results in this title

T. Rudolph, T. Langer, P. Bolton Overcoming design challenges of electro-hydraulic steering systems – What really happened! S. 489-494

„… Overcoming design challenges of electro-hydraulic steering systems What really happened! Tom …” „… (joystick, steering wheel, mini-wheel). However, most of the challenges is how to design a safe system. For …” „… products together with redundant wheel angle sensors to support any electro-hydraulic steering design. The …”

S. Liljenberg, M. Frederiksen, T. H. Langer Methods to evaluate steering performance of agricultural tractors S. 29-34

„… design engineers on front axle and steering system design, but also poses a challenge on how to test and …” „… technical inventions and improved designs of steering system and axle design. Introduction Despite …” „… the design engineers on front axle and steering system design, but also poses a challenge on how to …”

J. Philipp Behra Development of increased tire diameters and the effects on axles and drive trains of a combine harvester S. 553-560

„… integrated into the design of the axle carrier for non-driven steering axles. For 4WD steering axles the …” „… to evaluate the design space and the influence of different suspensions and steering geometries. One …” „… : Front axle design Due to the higher diameter, the wheel hub was not only designed for the higher load …”

X. Tian, A. Vacca, S. Fiorati, F. Pintore An Analysis of the Energy Consumption in the High-Pressure System of an Agricultural Tractor through Modeling and Experiment S. 9-18

„… agreement between simulation and experimental results is satisfactory for all the tests. design variables …” „… high-pressure hydraulic system that powers the steering, and the hydraulic remotes. This paper describes the …” „… paper, details are provided on the original approach used to model the steering priority valve. The …”

J. L‘Heureux Four-Tracked Solution for Large Row Crop Tractors S. 305-310

„… and creating a set of design requirements to achieve them. Key focus points were to deliver on the …” „… Steering Authority Operational Ride Comfort Versatility With these objectives in mind, the journey …” „… clay soils. Key design focus was given to maintaining uniform track to soil contact pressure by …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XIV

„… design challenges of electro-hydraulic steering systems – What really happened …” „… Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen Methods to evaluate steering performance of agricultural tractors …” „… . Peitsmeyer, Bucher Hydraulics, Klettgau f Field Robotics Design and Development of an Autonomous Mower for …”

R. Schildroth Design and Development of an Autonomous Mower for Agricultural Use S. 153-158

„… Design and Development of an Autonomous Mower for Agricultural Use Rhett Schildroth, Redshield …” „… run the Redshield Consulting autonomous vehicle control software. Certain mower designs currently …” „… on the market have a mechanical design that could be adapted for autonomous control. For example …”

B. Oskarsson, E. Westergaard, T. H. Langer Optimization of tractor front loader for improved design freedom and increased operability S. 427-432

„… Optimization of tractor front loader for improved design freedom and increased operability …” „… . The new features not alone offer a potential improvement of existing loader designs; Some of the …” „… features can address some of the current design constraints of the loader. This paper gives an overview of …”

M. Ehrl, G. Happich Advanced On-board Electronics Architecture with Automotive Ethernet S. 107-112

„… entire set of newly designed components. Fig. 2 shows the final network design with four layers …” „… . This paper describes the design and implementation of the advanced electronics architecture for …” „… premium platform vehicles in AGCO. In the network design phase, a sum of design goals and boundary …”

M. Sax, R. Latsch, T. Anken, V. Moser, P. Krummenacher Automated site-specific overseeding of grassland S. 165-228

„… Key Element in the Development of a novel LiDAR based Combine Harvester Steering System Jannik …” „… development and test of a novel LiDAR based combine harvester steering system using a harvest scenario and …” „… system level in Gazebo and ROS. A software-in-the-loop simulation of the mechatronic steering system was …”

S. Pfaffmann, F. de Moraes Boos, N. Tarasinski, V. Kegel Swarm Unit – Development of a Fully Electric Agricultural Machine with External Power Supply S. 401-408

„… . In this context there is a paradigm shift for the design of the agricultural work machine by having …” „… single axle Traction Unit connected through a novel interface with an included articulated steering …” „… first one is to act as an articulated steering system and the second one is to adjust the leveling of …”

A. Lajunen Development of a tire-soil interaction model for agricultural tractors S. 47-56

„… platform-independent, opensource design [12]. In a larger context, the aim is to create a virtual simulation …” „… of the chassis model. The front axle has steering system and a freely oscillating axle with end …” „… includes a driver model that actuates the throttle, braking and steering based on a predefined mission …”

T. Schempp, A. Kaufmann, I. Stohr A Field Tested Adaptive User-Interface – New Ways to Operate Tractors S. 235-242

„… Engineering Design and Industrial Design University of Stuttgart; Ingmar Stöhr, elobau GmbH & Co. KG …” „… , carrying and operating implements [1]. According to this definition, the design of a tractor allows it to …” „… traction management and/or the steering system or it could also be the hydraulic foldout/folding-in of an …”

P. Munch Predictive Feed-Rate Control for Combine Harvesters S. 545-552

„… , crop conditions, and agronomic conditions. Operator assistant systems like automatic steering and …” „… feedback remains necessary for robust control. The described predictive feed-rate control system design …” „… control performance which is similar to an online controller design and supports a simple operator …”

C. Campanella, K. Huber, G. Monacelli, L. Ungaretti, M. D’Orazio, G. Scotto di vetta, M. Peruzzini, F. Grandi Ergonomic and compact armrest of agricultural tractors – Innovative methods to design an ergonomic armrest S. 243-252

„… Ergonomic and compact armrest of agricultural tractors Innovative methods to design an ergonomic …” „… . The results of this study could be used for other tractors controls layout design, so that human …” „… , such as steering, looking forward and backward, controlling the vehicle’s dashboard, using clutch …”

D. Bosenberg, W. Strothmann, C. Halbrugge, H. Korte Approach for increasing automation progress in root crop harvesting S. 439-446

„… art, e.g. load dependent separator speed control, auto-steering-solutions or bunker filling …” „… process-level is necessary. To decouple machine settings from the operator’s process knowledge, the design of …” „… detailed description and modelling of the process knowledge. The goal is to design a description format …”

T. Herlitzius, H. Fichtl, A. Grosa, M. Henke, M. Hengst Feldschwarm – Modular and Scalable Tillage Systems with Shared Autonomy S. 409-420

„… technology will face, has profound implications on the future design and functionality of tractor …” „… : Modular concept of the autonomous, self-propelled Feldschwarm unit and its design similarities to a …” „… : rollers 2 x 20 kW, combination of tine and rotary harrow 60 kW. Hydraulics: 20 l max. 180 bar steering …”

G. L. Andersen, T. Kuennen CULTI CAM HD - Efficient Weed Control in Row Crops using Active Implement Steering and Stereo Camera S. 455-462

„… System The CULTI CAM system is designed for steering of implements operating in row structures or other …” „… CULTI CAM HD - Efficient Weed Control in Row Crops using Active Implement Steering and Stereo …” „… paper presents a stereo camera based steering system for active steered implements. The CULTI CAM …”

C. Weltzien, R. R. Shamshiri SunBot: Autonomous Nursing Assistant for Emission-Free Berry Production, General Concepts and Framework S. 463-470

„… (steering, speed, brake, machine condition information) using CAN-BUS (proprietary protocol) and for data …” „… kinematics, minimum distance calculation module, visual servo control, Ackerman steering, path following …” „… Ackerman steering was created. In addition, a simulation orchard with scaled planting system and random …”

J. G. Wiecha, H. Bernhardt, T. Bogel, T. Herlitzius Reducing draft force on mounted implements by an electrified traction roller – Traction assistance on a slurry-injecting grubber S. 495-502

„… steering software on a laptop is carried within the drivers cabin on the tractor. The steering software is …” „… the second tractor. Materials and methods The slurry-injecting grubber is designed as shown in …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023617

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Systematic Derivation of Objective Requirements on Vehicle Steering System

Martin Ralf Münster

Series: Verkehrstechnik/Fahrzeugtechnik

Volume 819 2023

Results in this title

Introduction S. 1-12

„… poor steering design,it was in particular the Chevrolet Corvair being claimed to be “unsafe at any …” „… with EPS steering systems, see Fig. 1.1.This work deals with the design and assessment of vehicle …” „… , how to derive such requirements for steering design basedon vehicle targets is outlined in [87 …”

Requirement-Based Module Design Using Solution Spaces S. 153-188

„… Steering-Module DesignThe effective dynamics of any steering system which is currently under design can be …” „… Requirement-Based Module Design Using Solution SpacesDetailed Steering ModelInitial DesignSteeringVirtual …” „… set of multiple steering designs.The identification of Solution Spaces for a chosen subset of relevant …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XVI

„… DesignSystematic Derivation of ObjectiveRequirements on Vehicle Steering SystemUsing Methods of …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217A.7 DoE Input Table for the Steering Design-Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219A.8 DoE …” „… – Vehicle Steering – Vehicle Design – Steering Design – Front Axle, – BMW AG – Steering Vibration – Robust …”

Resulting Subsystem Requirements S. 123-152

„… from Sec. 3.3.1.Obviously, the combined front axle and steering designs do not fully comply with …” „… A122 , therefore the steering designer may neglect thesefrequency ranges.Target Achievement by …” „… regarding rack travel and rack forceas well as basic steering design parameters such as the rack-and-pinion …”

Conclusion S. 189-194

„… vehicle design atthe example of disturbing steering vibration. In the following, the key findings are …” „… vibration. Moreover, in case of thefront axle, other design goals which correlate the most with steering …” „… with higher accuracy. Thus, on the one hand the designspace is expanded for the designer and, on the …”

Deriving Requirements on Subsystem Level S. 35-62

„… steering design must be available before its dynamic propertiescan be fully assessed. For some design …” „… functions A11G and A12G areobviously design-relevant, if vehicle targets (expressed by v3, F3) relating to …” „… biggest challenges regarding steering designtypically concern rather the servo-drive and frictional …”

Bibliography S. 195-204

„… Steering DesignUsing Solution Spaces for Decoupled Dynamical Subsystems”. In: Proceedings of …” „… Bibliography[1] Adams, F. J. “Power Steering ’Road Feel’”. In: SAE Technical Paper 830998 (1983).[2 …” „… Reviews 58.6 (2005), pp. 389–411.[5] Badawy, A. A., Bolourchi, F., and Gaut, S. K. “The Design and …”

Subsystem Analysis of the Steering S. 63-92

„… steering→ helps to assess design modifications of prototypes.3. Experimental analysis on purpose-built test …” „… guidance to therefinement of front-axle designs.→ At this stage, all functional criteria the steering has …” „… the steering design has beenfinished. Therefore, numerical or statistical models are useful in early …”

Subsystem Analysis of the Front Axle S. 93-122

„… wheels to steering rack.Figure 5.12 on the facing page compares the design model (CAD) and the …” „… rack. In other words, the analysis does not have to berepeated if the designated steering is modified …” „… , Fig. 5.20 on the next page exemplarily shows design-relevantcoefficients A111 and A121 of the front …”

Appendix 1 S. 205-224

„… composition of front axle and steering dynamics [84].A.7 DoE Input Table for the Steering Design-Study 219A.7 …” „… DoE Input Table for the Steering Design-StudyTable A.4 lists all the parameters with their lower and …” „… .4: Set of input parameters for the DoE-study regarding robust steering design.PARAMETER DESCRIPTION …”

Substructuring the Vehicle Steering S. 13-34

„… Chapter 2Substructuring the Vehicle SteeringThis chapter is about defining the boundaries of the …” „… deliveryof the steering suppliers. Especially at the front axle, the subsystem boundaries have to befurther …” „… Design ModulesMODULE LevelSpecifyDecouplingVerifyVEHICLE LevelCouplingSUBSYSTEM LevelTesting …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186819123

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Bremslenkmomentoptimierte Kurvenbremsung von Motorrädern

Gerd Schröter

Series: Verkehrstechnik/Fahrzeugtechnik

Volume 801 2017

Results in this title

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XVI

„… , ¤ 95,00/VDI-Mitgliederpreis ¤ 85,50. Keywords: Motorcycle – Safety – Corner Braking – Chassis Design …” „… Avoidance Mechanism (BSTAM), a chassis design that eliminates the BST through lateral inclination of the …” „… kinematic steering axis. A simple mathematical model is used to identify its main influences on the driving …”

Implementing BSTAM in a Motorcycle S. 125-156

„… distance is shrinking for front suspension compression. For BSTAM designs with laterally inclined steering …” „… / steering system in series production in 1993. However, the original design principle was already found in …” „… inclined steering axis for steering movements makes it hard to integrate into a new frame design. 4.1.4 …”

Discussion and Outlook S. 206-220

„… forgotten when designing a chassis or tire. Especially tire design is typically a compromise (for instance …” „… countermeasures range from rider training and road design to technical measures on the vehicle (cf. chapter 2.3 …” „… ). Besides BSTAM, a counter steering actuator, Cornering Adaptive Brake Force Distribution (CA-BFD …”

Introduction and Aims S. 1-10

„… (e.g. by increasing the roll angle through a determined steering impulse (cf. chapter 2.1) and …” „… Motorcycle, Part 2, p. 83, Part 4, pp. 133-136 20 Among others, cf. Cossalter et al. (2010): Steering …” „… scrub radius (a) as lever arm and causes a misaligning (that is: turning the steering to the inside of …”

Analytic Considerations on the Kinematic Layout and Effectiveness of BSTAM S. 71-124

„… components from the steering (cf. chapter 3.3.5). 3.5 Conclusions on Optimal BSTAM Design The front tire …” „… design that allows to keep CoGst close to the instantaneous center of steering axis inclination, such as …” „… and tire reaction moments as well as inertial effects on the steering system. For a well designed …”

The BST Chain of Effects and State of the Art Countermeasures S. 11-70

„… . 25 See mainly: Cossalter et al. (2010): Steering Torque Decomposition, Cossalter (2006): Motorcycle …” „… parameters of a motorcycle with standard chassis, using a telescopic fork as front suspension / steering …” „… telescopic fork front suspension / steering system. Dimensions indicated for the rear tire apply analogously …”

Driving Tests S. 157-205

„… effectiveness of BSTAM in comparison to the baseline with centered steering axis through experimental testing …” „… design and evaluation criteria are defined and the prototype motorcycle (cf. chapter 4), is comparatively …” „… tested with baseline and BSTAM steering geometry. Measurements and subjective impressions on the riding …”

Bibliography S. 256-262

„… .; Peretto, M.: Motorcycle Steering Torque Decomposition. In: Proceedings of the World Congress on …” „… , eur-lex.europa.eu, last access: 2014-04-30 Evangelou, S.; Limebeer, D. J. N.; Sharp, R. S.; Smith, M. C.: Steering …” „… Design, The Art and Science. Tony Foale Dynamics, 2002, ISBN 84-933286-3-4. Foale – virtual …”

Appendix S. 221-255

„… BSTAM in opposing directions on the steering system and vehicle frame r Radius (equal to half the …” „… number of teeth) of the respective gears USHB, LSHB Upper and Lower Steering Head Bearing PGS, LPGC …” „… Gear Figure A.1: Force flow of BSTAM, illustrating the coupling of excenter forces towards steering …”

Student Research Work S. 265-268

„… a Motorcycle Simulation Model. Studienarbeit 197 No. 982/08, 2009 Schröder, Timm: Design and …” „… for the Prediction of Steering Torque in PTW with Brake Steer Torque Avoidance Mechanism …” „… . Advanced Design Project No. 39/12, 2012 197 At TU …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186801128

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Rethinking the circular economy for plastics

VDI (ed.)

Series: Blaue Papiere

Volume 05/2023 2023

Results in this title

Field of Action 3 Creating regulatory incentives for a circular plastics economy S. 35-52

„… circumstances and used for a specific purpose. The possible designs of market-based steering instruments …” „… are many ways in which market-based steering instruments can be designed. Basically, this type of …” „… changes in product design.Regulatory criteriaimportant benchmark for evaluating this type of quota is the …”

Recommended actions S. 57-59

„… emissions.Designing products consistently for the cycle through a holistic design approachThe path to a circular …” „… regard to further tasks, e.g., policy advice on steering instruments (cf. Field of Action 3), joint …” „… the right should be addressed by various regulatory and market-based steering instru-ments.The …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-VI

„… Conclusions of the evaluation of the steering instruments 51Field of Action 4 53Designing products for a …” „… Creating regulatory incentives for a circular plastics economy Steering instruments 36 Criteria for the …” „… discussion of steering instruments 37 Opportunities and challenges of the steering instruments 40 …”

Introduction S. 1-7

„… and packaging design. However, awareness of the problem has not yet been matched by adequate progress …” „… high longevity. Although these technological limits can be overcome by changes in product design …” „… view of steering instruments that enables the transformation of the entire system.Approach of the …”

Field of Action 2 Making closing the loop the task of all stakeholders S. 14-34

„… , OEMs/users will also remain hesitant to develop new, more sustainable product designs.Conclusions …” „… design:Product design, which is primarily conceived by manufacturers, also plays an overriding and significant …” „… where mechanical recycling reaches its limits despite far-reaching design for circularity.Further …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783949971402

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Dritev – Drivetrain For Vehicles 2018

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2328 2018

Results in this title

J.-E. Moseberg, J. Kohlhoff, S. Hekeler Electric all-wheel drive: enhancing vehicle dynamics and driving safety by wheel-individual torque distribution – How to make use of the over-actuation of electrified vehicles S. II-103-II-116

„… the conventional steering input plus four wheelindividual drive torques. Therefore, secondary design …” „… conventional front-axis steering, the feedforward control structure for the design of the desired vehicle …” „… and Balance. Hereby, the steering gain design is used to realize high maneuverability at low …”

E. Schnur, S. Krieger, M. Brenninger Development of a CVT transaxle with differential steering for a tracked tractor around 300 kW S. III-35-III-36

„… Development of a CVT Transaxle with Differential Steering for a Tracked Tractor around 300 kW …” „… tractor design of Challenger in a new product that fit the highest demand on efficiency and versatility …” „… differential steering was integrated in the TA300T drive line. The development effort was reduced to a minimum …”

B. Arnold, B. Lecointre Shift simulator for shift feel and quality development of manual transmissions S. I-425-I-440

„… rapid transformation. All modules (e.g. steering, acceleration pedal, brake pedal, Parking brake …” „… pure mechanical interface. This interface is next to the steering wheel the most driver actuated …” „… e.g. customer clinic and clutch pedal development. This paper will introduce the mechanical design of …”

T. Högnäs, G. Beldie 48 volt torque vectoring electric rear drive module (eRDM) – Excellent driving dynamics with significant CO2 savings S. I-517-I-528

„… , steering wheel angle and throttle position. By using one electrical motor for both functions, the system …” „… compared to high voltage designs. The output from a motor-generator is approximately 3kW when adjusted for …” „… torque between the two wheels depending on vehicle signals including yaw rate, wheel speeds, steering …”

R. Stehr, A. Götz, M. Ciesek, S. Köpfler, M. Finsterbusch, R. Willeke Future Schaeffler CVT concepts with an innovative actuation system S. I-49-I-64

„… steering. Even wet running motors in the oil chamber are feasible in brushless design and commonly used …” „… . 5 Actuator Design Exemplarily, an EC actuator motor was designed for both EPAs using the actuator …” „… . On the basis of an exemplary design, this article presents a power-on-demand concept with two …”

J.-M. Veith, B. Krüger, A. Albers, M. Behrendt Torque prediction in vehicle drive trains based on bus signals using artificial neural networks S. I-413-I-424

„… design [1], there is still enough potential regarding sensing quality and the robustness of the sensors …” „… Nr. 2328, 2018 419 the steering angle and the third component can be used for detecting acceleration …” „… are designed to learn dynamic behaviour incorporated in time sequences using appropriate structures …”

D. Güth, J. Haupt, T. Gassmann Seamless-shift two-speed eAxle with torque vectoring S. I-255-I-268

„… development targets will be discussed and the gearbox design proposed. Detailed explanation of the gear …” „… generally small design package and light weight and high overall system efficiency should also be …” „… Modular Gearbox Design Approach The design approach of the eTwinsterX is shown in Fig. 2 and follows …”

L. Dedeleit, M. Ayeb, L. Brabetz Short circuit calculation of permanent magnet synchronous machines with comsol multiphysics S. II-197-III-VII

„… calculation, reaching up to 40%. The design of the machine according to these calculated currents would …” „… overestimated so that, depending on the design, the dysprosium content in the magnet is set much higher than …” „… that unnecessary safety tolerances in the design of the magnets are avoided and necessary proportion …”

A. Viehmann, R. König, S. Rinderknecht Investigation of gear shifts in a parallel-series hybrid powertrain with dog clutches in a demonstrator vehicle (two-drive-transmission with range-extender, DE-REX) S. I-323-I-346

„… schematic layout of the gear set and the final hardware design of the DE-REX transmission are shown in Fig …” „… almost equal as well. Fig. 1: Schematic layout of the DE-REX gear set Fig. 2: Hardware design …” „… via the shift paddles or buttons on the steering wheel as well as it allows reading the vehicle …”

K. Bennewitz, A. Mann Powertrain electrification exemplified by the VW Golf S. II-135-II-168

„… faced by already integrating this option into the fundamental design of the modular transverse matrix …” „… , usability and design. The e-Golf appeared 2014 as the first proof-of-concept for the electrification of …” „… design based on a parallel hybrid topology. In this concept, an EA211 1,4l TSI engine is combined with a …”

R. Savelsberg, P. Griefnow, G. Birmes, A. Sehr Advanced powertrain functions of 48 V hybrid vehicles – Efficient powertrains does not exclude driving pleasure S. I-499-I-516

„… heater Vacuum pump e-Clutch ABS/ESP Electrical power steering iBooster Engine cooling fan Windshield …” „… assist by belt-driven starter generators (BSG). FEV Europe GmbH has designed a full-featured 48 V mild …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023280

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LAND.TECHNIK 2020

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2374 2020

Results in this title

S. Mercati, A. Bertoli, C. Ognibene Next generation hybrid-electric power steering systems for agriculture machines S. 451-XIV

„… system plays a crucial role within the whole machine design; in fact, the steering system strongly …” „… A., Gerdes J. C., “Artificial Steering Feel Design for Steer-by-wire Vehicles” IFAC Proceedings …” „… /10.4271/2019-26- 0108. [3] Balachandran A., Gerdes J. C., “Artificial Steering Feel Design for Steer-by-wire …”

S. Raikwar, T. Herlitzius, J. Fehrmann Autonomous Navigation Strategy for an Orchard Robot Using Simulation Design S. 425-434

„… Autonomous Navigation Strategy for an Orchard Robot Using Simulation Design M.Tech. Satyam …” „… design. The navigational model is developed in MALTLAB/Simulink as a software development and simulation …” „… process [2]. The design of mobile robots operating in outdoor environments such as agricultural …”

S. Cazzaniga, M. Zecchi, R. Marella, T. Beavers How to improve operator comfort in a tractor with low noise gear pump technology S. 335-344

„… . Machine designers can decrease noise exposure in several ways; considering a hydraulic gear pump used for …” „… steering is an appreciable source of noise: after the diesel engine and the cooling system fan drive, a low …” „… production model with a low noise gear pump using dual-contact flank technology for steering function. The …”

A. Holler, C. Mueller From driver to automated driving – Proposal for a holistic step by step approach S. 413-424

„… these machines have very different tasks and thus different designs they typically share major …” „… expects the consideration of a dedicated safety function throughout the design process. Although the …” „… perspective is the compliant combination of safety modules and the design of these modules which are not …”

S. Tanner Experience gained in developing Autonomous Robots using AI and spot spraying to weed open field crops S. 213-222

„… spot-spraying weeding in open-field crops. Among the many different possible design options of an autonomous …” „… agricultural robot, the paper presents the rationale behind key choices in the design of two autonomous …” „… seen during these last 20 years, covering a broad range of design parameters such as size, driving and …”

H. Bernhardt, M. Bozkurt, E. Colangelo, J. HorstmannM. Kraft, J. Marquering, T. Steckel, H. Tapken, C. Westerkamp, C. Weltzien Industry 4.0 and Agriculture 4.0 – The same or different? S. 167-174

„… character of Industry 4.0 goes beyond the boundaries of purely technical aspects and enables the design of …” „… levels. Exemplary example from foreign trade: steering systems Steering systems started in the 2000s …” „… between implement and tractor. Flexibilisation is achieved through standardisation. A steering system …”

R. Schmetz, R. Hartanto Soil protection and energy savings through efficient energy supply to machines for primary and secondary soil tillage S. 83-92

„… , 202086 System design One possible system that was designed in 2018 on the basis of the improved function …” „… the application of the design methodology according to the VDI guideline 2221 from 1993 (not the one …” „… from 2019) for the development and design of energy-efficient agricultural VDI-Berichte Nr. 2374, 2020 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XIV

„… , SLU, Uppsala, Sweden Design and analysis of a magnetic-electrical power split gearbox for application …” „… � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 245 H. Wanta, M. Holovac, S. Lorenz, J. Krzywinski, Chair of Industrial Design Engineering …” „… Strategy for an Orchard Robot Using Simulation Design � � � � � � � � � 425 S. Raikwar, T …”

D. Cook, J. Viramontes ROS2 for Autonomous Agriculture Applications S. 103-130

„… are applied in drivetrain functions (steering and propulsion), as well in a wide variety of implement …” „… : http://www.jcaelectronics.ca/the-evolution-of-agricultural-autonomous-machines-fromresearch-to-production-an-autonomous-framework-approach/ Fazzari, K. (2020, 09 12). ROS 2 DDS-Security Integration. Retrieved from ROS 2 Design …” „… : https://design.ros2.org/articles/ros2_dds_security.html Gazebo. (2020, 09 07). Retrieved from Gazebo Website …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023747

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Untersuchungen zum Beanspruchungsverhalten von Zahnstangengetrieben in PKW-Lenksystemen

Arian Wolfien

Series: Konstruktionstechnik/Maschinenelemente

Volume 442 2018

Results in this title

Anhang J: Werkstoffzusammensetzung der Prüfverzahnungen S. 168-180

„… Design / Steering and Suspension Technology Symposium (2001) [BISH21] Bishop, A.: Improvements in or …” „… , S.; Chabra, D.; Kumar, P.: Design and Stress Analysis of Steering Rack Using CAE Tool …” „… [ALEX07] Alexandru, P.: The rack-pinion gears for steering gear box with variable transmission ratio …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XII

„… Bosch Automotive Steering GmbH in enger Kooperation mit dem Institut für Maschinenelemente und …” „… steering EPSapa Electric power steering on a paraxial recirculating ball nut gear EPSc Electric power …” „… steering on the steering column EPSdp Electric power steering on a dual pinion EPSrc Electric power …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186442017

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Commercial Vehicles 2021

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2380 2021

Results in this title

H. Bublies, T. Dieckmann The chassis remains the backbone of road transport  smart & light S. 179-188

„… steering systems become electrified and connected and thus essentially contribute to automation. The …” „… increasing cost pressure for years. Design to cost, standardization and improvements in the supply chain …” „… & zero accidents. © ZF Friedrichshafen AGZF confidential Agenda 2. Future Steering 3. Smart Chassis 4 …”

J. Pell, I. Müller, W. Gruber, A. Schilk E/E architecture and operating strategy for fuel-cell trucks – Challenges and solutions for energy- and cost-efficient operation S. 117-134

„… the design and integration of the drivetrain and its E/E architecture more challenging. The …” „… targets. Beside the development of the software functionalities, the design of the required E/E …” „… . Therefore, the next step in the development, after the vehicle requirements have been defined, is to design …”

D. Morgenweck, M. Großmann, W. Fakler, M. Lamke, F. Bitzer ZF E-Mobility products and software for commercial vehicles S. 1-16

„… design concept but are developed according to local requirements. AxTrax AVE is the ZF electrical …” „… components and parts as well as proven design features in hardware has a major impact on development time …” „… in future developments. PSM technology allows for various technical design approaches like wave …”

K. Feyerabend, A. Goers Towards the standardization of a high speed truck-trailer data connection S. 205-214

„… ) • Automated Commanded Steering Function (objects in lanes) • Trailer VIN data 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 SAE J560 …” „… the Committees Protocol Stack Design Guiding Principles • Reuse of existing standards …”

T. Mrazek, K. Puchner, D. Übellacker Fatigue development of a 10x10 commercial vehicle frame using dynamic and/or strength simulation, virtual iteration and component testing together with measurement data acquisition S. 73-80

„… component design in the form of load data for use already in very early phases of development. In order to …” „… front frame segment and the cab from an 8x8 base vehicle. In addition to the design of the frame, the …” „… integration of a rear-axle steering system, and various electrical and hydraulic add-on parts. A strength …”

H. Ulmer, M. Rothschuh, F. Brinkmann, R. Wascheck, T. Delebinski eDrive & Fuel Cell powertrain systems engineering for commercial vehicles S. 55-72

„… Abstract The automotive world is changing in tremendous pace. Future commercial vehicle designs will be …” „… drivers of future commercial vehicle designs are customer specific use cases as well as Total Cost of …” „… was introduced. The concept unifies efficiency measures ranging from advanced aerodynamics design, to …”

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ELIV 2019

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2357 2019

Results in this title

J. Klesing, S. Safour Problems and solution spaces for driver-initiated handover from automatic to manual driving mode S. 31-44

„… between the automated system and the driver - Fusion of driver gaze data with steering behavior to …” „… of performing the driving task. This decay of skills may result in exaggerated steering corrections …” „… metrics to assess the driver’s performance includes driver reaction times, steering wheel reversal rate …”

L. Krauß, E. Kögler, M. Bayer, S. Wiechmann, M. Worch, M. Mohamad Development of the Cockpit-UI/UX of the Taycan in an Agile Way – Less is More S. 67-78

„… designing, a good interaction designer that can layout the information in a way that will be easy to digest …” „… User Interface & Ergonomics were trained by agile coaches, Scrum and Design Thinking experts, finally …” „… with a large touch control panel. In front of the typical Porsche steering wheel, new digital …”

A. Magnuson Going from an Electronic Unit Centric Development to Application Software Centric Requires a Different Architecture Mindset in Automotive S. 239-254

„… design thinking in the commercial vehicle industry is still very much oriented towards a geometric …” „… provide the market with mass-produced cost efficient vehicles. Thus the overall design thinking, at least …” „… to having a human behind a steering wheel. The automation will also go hand in hand with an …”

S. Poledna driving platforms – Tailoring fail-operational systems based on production experience in the aerospace industry for the automotive use cases S. 537-550

„… . Fail-operational requirements Starting from level 3 automated driving, solutions require a fail-operational design …” „… design, as well as how the automotive industry collaborates. New companies such VDI-Berichte Nr. 2357 …” „… navigation and control algorithms to drive the vehicle by controlling steering, braking and the drive train …”

N. Knappstein Seeing With Sound – Next-level 3D ultrasonic sensors based on echolocation S. 5-10

„… , like steering a car through a construction site or reliably detecting people in a crowded parking …” „… to a variety of product designs. This makes the TS3 the perfect technology platform for developing …”

A. Shomer The transition to HPC-based vehicle architectures – Cyber Security Implications S. 431-442

„… known as Guest to Host Escape. Alternatively, HPC architecture has introduced new security design …” „… into the design and production of vehicles with HPC architecture. Introduction Throughout recent …” „… significant change. After several decades of stagnation, during which the E/E design changed slowly and …”

M. Kleinkes, W. Pohlmann, C. Wilks Boost Safety & Styling for vehicle lighting – Individualization and new Functionalities S. 551-566

„… ) Especially for the LED pixel layer different designs are generally feasible. On the one hand the LED layer …” „… designs for HDSSL light sources Monolithic Pixelated LED Array Single Pixel LED Array Potential …” „… steering wheel, lowers the driver’s stress level and adds as optical feature to increased traffic safety …”

S. Acharya, M. Gardner, S. Herz, C. Hosner, F. Lesbroussart Building a Standardized Data Pipeline from the Cloud to All In-Vehicle ECUs and Sensors – A New Opportunity for the Connected Car S. 307-318

„… world around the car - They take control of the vehicle for us (braking, steering, accelerating, etc …” „… . Standardization Reduces Costs Design once, use many times is a well-proven cost saving concept. With the …”

G. Reichart, M. Niklas AUTOSAR Adaptive Platform – A standardized SW platform for intelligent vehicles with functional safety and data integrity S. 493-502

„… . ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work was supported by the members of the AUTOSAR Steering Committee and the AUTOSAR …” „… designed for high-performance computing which needs to be enhanced by dependability features like e.g …”

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ELIV 2024

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2441 2024

Results in this title

T. Liedtke, R. Messnarz TARAs Performed on Different Levels of the Supply Chain – Experiences Based on Real Example ESLF Insights into Applying ISO/SAE 21434:2021 in Automotive Cybersecurity S. 541-552

„… identification of risks within the V-model. Through a real-world example of an Electronic Steering Lock Function …” „… both top-down and bottom-up approaches in cybersecurity design. This method highlights the systematic …” „… Analysis and Risk Assessment 2 Real example: ESLF We take the Electronic Steering Lock Function (ESLF) as …”

S Gowrishankar, KV Muralidhara, M. Ghivari Leveraging AI/ML Techniques in Software Defined Architecture: Towards Emotional Quotient Prediction in Smart Automotive Cabins by Integrating Physiological and Vehicle Data. AI-driven Smart Cabin in S... S. 343-358

„… to automotive cabin design has primarily focused on comfort, aesthetics, and functionality. However …” „… ] Vehicle-based (steering wheel angle) Threshold-based approach by analysing steering wheel angle Accuracy: 78.0 …” „… % [7] Vehicle-based (steering wheel angle, pedal input, vehicle speed and acceleration) Dynamic …”

N. Haegele Managing the complexity of joint steering, braking and powertrain coordination in emerging vehicle E/E architectures S. 141-150

„… products and add value throughout the vehicle’s lifecycle. Managing the complexity of joint steering …” „… management of traditional vehicle domains using innovative approaches and designs Software and integration …” „… such as steering, braking, and powertrain management. In traditional vehicle architectures, these …”

A. Schleich, F. Modes, T. Schaller, M. Werling Statistical methods and Monte-Carlo simulation ensure the safety case of the environmental sensor performance in BMW’s first L3 function, the BMW Personal Pilot L3 S. 105-116

„… performance models based on factor screening, design-of-experiment and regression analysis, taking into …” „… plan using design-of-experiment (DoE) methods. The focus of the factor screening DoE, abbreviated with …” „… dominant environmental influence factors are determined based on experimental design and expert knowledge …”

C. Lankeit, R. Dorociak, M. Teuber, O. Lüdtke, J. Ziethen Automotive eFuses: Challenges of Today and Solutions for the Future S. 517-528

„… significantly, if not designed correctly. Design changes in eFuse systems lead to a multi-domain impact. On the …” „… . This contribution highlights the design space for eFuses considering the relevant use cases, such as …” „… , starting from use case definition, evolving in simulation supported design, and validated in enriched …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XIV

„… . Martin, L. Abdelkader, Blackberry QNX, Munich, Ottawa, CanadaManaging the complexity of joint steering …” „… Convolution Neural Networks using System-Level Modeling 257D. Shankar, Mirabilis Design Inc., Santa Clara, USA …” „… ; T. Jose, Mirabilis Design Inc., Chennai, India Automated DrivingUsing Large Language Models to …”

T. Huck, A. Achtzehn When innovation demand meets E/E architecture Further endeavours into next-gen architectural designs S. 395-406

„… designs Dr. Thorsten Huck, Robert Bosch GmbH, Abstatt; Dr. Andreas Achtzehn, Robert Bosch GmbH, Abstatt …” „… . Through new design concepts, user-centric features are increasingly developed in software, and the vehicle …” „… functions pose new design challenges for E/E architects. In this paper, we provide insights into emerging …”

N. Neis, L. Eisemann, D. Hermann, J. Zhou, L. Toettel From Reality to Simulation: Automatized Transfer and Simulation of Critical Driving Scenarios with Digital Twins S. 453-466

„… . Operational Design Domains) stellen immer größere Anforderungen an deren Validierung. Klassische …” „… design domain pose increasing demands on function validation. Classical validation methods, such as field …” „… theirvalidation. The operational design domain under which they are expected to be functionalgrows, while they …”

W. Steinmann, B. Sondermann Biometrics and sensor fusion for enhanced in-cabin safety and comfort Reducing complexity and increasing possibilities through a holistic approach to in-cabin monitoring S. 327-342

„… inside the vehicle such as the steering wheel, dashboard or windows. Over the years, airbags have played …” „… efficiency. By minimizing the number of sensors and control units, manufacturers can simplify the design and …” „… ] https://www.wevolver.com/article/steering-towards-safer-rides-the-role-of-radar-and-tof-sensors-in-in-cabin-monitoring-systems-icms [4.6] PEREZ-CERROLAZA, Jon, et al. Artificial intelligence for safety-critical systems in …”

F. Langner, W. McCaig, T. Nilges Efficiency in UNECE R155. Type Approvals for Small OEMS – Lessons Learned S. 553-564

„… measurable results that allowed steering the cyber security activities at AML. • Variant management is the …” „… difficult an analysis of its security becomes without additional design information. As a result, the …” „… every case: neither code nor detailed design information are typically available to the OEM. Therefore …”

L. Badescu Ensuring high reliability inside fail-operational systems Key prerequisite for SAE L3->L5 compliant automated driving S. 293-298

„… sophisticated x-by-wire systems are gradually replacing them for sending vehicle braking, and steering commands …” „… vehicle operations, controlling braking, steering, and acceleration. However, with the advent of E/E …” „… driver in accelerating, braking, and steering (e.g., lane keeping, electronic power steering, emergency …”

T. Ost, D. Petanjek, M. Beer Ensuring ADAS functionality during periodic technical inspection ADAS/AD functionalities over a vehicle’s lifetim S. 281-292

„… documented. Testing components such as wheels, tires, brakes, and steering, which has been a standard for …” „… advanced systems continue to provide the benefits they are designed for, ultimately contributing to safer …”

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LAND.TECHNIK 2016

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2273 2016

Results in this title

P. Lehmann, F. de Moraes Boos, N. Tarasinski Fail-safe power supply for x-by-wire systems in ag and construction machines S. 117-126

„… potential to disable the vehicle’s steering system altogether. Such design necessarily raises the question …” „… , Kaiserslautern Abstract In addition to requirements targeting the design and performance of x-by-wire …” „… of maintaining the safe operation of a mobile machine equipped with an x-by-wire steering system …”

B. Seiferth, S. Thurner, J. Fehrmann Selective pasture maintenance by an autonomous mobile machine – Development of a pasture robot S. 235-246

„… , e.g. requirements according chassis design of the robotic platform and machine capabilities were …” „… vehicle. The front wheels are steered via a steering linkage which is driven by a double acting hydraulic …” „… high level controller (see the detail of the speed and steering control algorithms in [15]). After this …”

S. Nagel, A. Neumann Embedded Security in agricultural machines S. 153-158

„… automotive industry learned that security has a big impact on the design of the system architecture as well …” „… to engage driver assistance functions. This led to control over steering, acceleration as well as …” „… . To make it harder for an attacker, there are a few simple things a system designer can do. First of …”

T. H. Langer, K. Holm-Petersen, D. Metker K. Beckmann#J. Pförtner#S. Böttinger Comfort Evaluation Criteria for Pitching Vibration Damping of Agricultural Tractors S. 437-444

„… variation of road contact of the steering tires. Fig. 1: Pitching movement of an agricultural tractor …” „… , D.E.: Active Suspension Design for a Tractor by Optimal Control Methods (1998), Technische …”

J. Feldhaus, S. Kuebler, A. Johannes, M. Nachtmann A generic system to support spray drift regularities – Process optimization for crop spraying applications regarding drift compliance regulations S. 247-256

„… steering system in a 80°-angle to the switching border (buffer zone) in a way that the left section …” „… exchange data between FMIS and the machine [6]. Other open data exchange formats are in general designed …”

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Reifen – Fahrwerk – Fahrbahn

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2398 2022

Results in this title

R. A. Bandy, R. Uil, F. Petry Driving virtual tire development with dynamic driving simulators S. 191-206

„… , A., Ran, S. (2020). Virtual Tire Design/Assessment in the Early Vehicle Development Process. In …” „… VDI-Berichte Nr. 2398, 2022 193start of a development process to set the initial design space, followed by more …” „… robust but more computationally expensive tools as the design space converges to a final candidate [3 …”

R. Schurmann, T. Kersten, G. Ungemach, N. Harendza, M. Martynkewicz, B. Schick, M. Böhle Investigation of the damage criticality of axle components of a four-link rear axle on the driving simulator S. 35-58

„… possible damage on controllability already during the design of the components. 2. Theoretical background …” „… conse-quences of such vehicle misuse in the form of steering wheel and wheel misalignments or only insufficient …” „… that the vehicle is damaged. This could be expressed, for example, by wheel and steer-ing wheel …”

K. Schuler, S. Aydogdu, B. Schick Comfort experience with automated driving – How good do chassis systems have to be? S. 59-72

„… the steering VDI-Berichte Nr. 2398, 2022 61wheel was replaced with a 15-inch screen for task …” „… on the 210° screen. Fig. 3: Look inside the simulator cabin (with steering wheel instead of screen …” „… found in this study, which is most likely due to the experimental design. The relationship between …”

V. Yordanov, L. Eckstein Continuous Estimation of the Local Friction Value Potential based on Tyre Acoustic Data S. 83-96

„… variation of the road surface texture characteristics and weather conditions paired with the complex design …” „… subsystems (e.g. steering system, drivetrain) based on the assumption that tyre slip stiffness depends on the …”

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SIMVEC – Simulation und Erprobung in der Fahrzeugentwicklung

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2333 2018

Results in this title

M. Herold, O. Said, H. Winner Simulative Assessment of Differential Braking for Steering Redundancy in Automated Driven Trucks S. 241-254

„… , the design of the castor offset is a trade-off between increased steering potential and stability …” „… Simulative Assessment of Differential Braking for Steering Redundancy in Automated Driven Trucks …” „… . wheel individual braking - as a fallback for an automated steering system for highly automated driving …”

D. Klinder, S. Müller Modellbasierte Grundauslegung des Lenkgefuhls fur Steer-by-Wire – Lenksysteme S. 273-286

„… the main steering characteristics on the basis of an extended single-track model. The design steps …” „… detailing of the functional structure as well as the development of a model-based design methodology for …” „… regard to the relevant beneficial and interfering information. The derivation of the design methodology …”

D. Frerichs, M. Borsdorf Quality for Vehicle System Simulation S. 835-846

„… certain objective characteristic values of the virtual prototypes, e.g. self-steering gradient. The …” „… . In this example we choose the steering model from [9] which will be the component in the following …” „… part. On the subsystem level the steering model is connected to the Electronic Power Steering (EPS …”

M. Bruschetta, D. Minen Assisted and Autonomous Driving on Driving Simulators – Advanced features to make Dynamic Driving Simulators suitable for studies on Assisted and Autonomous Driving S. 671-684

„… have when fully empowered in control. For example, when the human grabs the steering wheel control …” „… attention, if any). One other big difference is that the driver might not have hands on the steering wheel …” „… , and if yes, the steering (when still existing) could rotate under robotic control. As a consequence …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XIV

„… Braking for Steering Redundancy in Automated Driven Trucks …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 J. Kaths, B. Schott, F. Chucholowski, TESIS GmbH, München f E-Mobilität E-Motor Design using …” „… – Design and Optimisation of Electric Drives …”

H. Schneider, T. Weck Effizientes Testen von Active-Safety Funktionen auf dem Testgelande und in der Simulation . S. 287-304

„… beginnend beim Design der Umgebung bis zur Positionierung und Festlegung der Bewegungsprofile der …” „… gewünschte Ergebnis erzielt wurde. Eine bessere Methode stellt die Optimierung mittels „Statistical Design …” „… der durchzuführenden Tests. Alle relevanten Design Variablen, hinsichtlich einer bestimmten …”

M. Peperhowe, S. Bannenberg, R. Rasche Smart Testing of Intelligent Systems S. 731-748

„… behavior of the Ego-vehicle is described by a maneuver for which speed and steering angle or the …” „… analysis Surrogate modeling Design of experiments Training of neural networks Artificial …”

I. Vogeler, R. Untermaierhofer, R. Petz, T. Schütz Different methods for road load determination in comparison – Wind tunnel, Wind tunnel method according to WLTP and Coastdown method S. 469-486

„… transmission is placed in neutral. Any movement of VDI-Berichte Nr. 2333, 2018470 the steering wheel shall be …” „… the shown cases. Schnepf et al. already compared on-road ride heights for different wheel designs on …”

J. Neumann, T. Tentrup, T. Weck How to calibrate and test advanced driver assistance and autonomous driving systems EoL – From development into the end-of-line S. 527-542

„… technology interacts with the vehicles steering, braking and powertrain system to allow scenario based sensor …” „… in the center of the test stand by the driver steering straight ahead. This is necessary to avoid …” „… . Therefore, the driverless testing of a vehicle on a roll test stand is only possible, if the steering wheel …”

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Autoreg 2019

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2349 2019

Results in this title

J. Ultsch, J. Brembeck, R. de Castro Learning-Based Path Following Control for an Over-Actuated Robotic Vehicle S. 25-46

„… propulsion, steering and braking such that the vehicle follows a parametric path and reference velocity. For …” „… the design of traditional model-based PFC approaches a sufficiently accurate synthesis model of the …” „… vehicle has to be available in order to design a performant controller. However, constructing …”

V. Ewald, U. Konigorski Regelung eines redundant aktuierten Steer-by-Wire-Systems – Control of redundant actuated Steer-by-Wire-Systems S. 233-244

„… ] Nexteer: Nexteer’s Steering on Demand™ System – Nexteer, 2018 …” „… . https://www.nexteer.com/a-d-a-s-automated-driving/steering-on-demand/, abgerufen am: 17.10.2018 [4] Konigorski, U.: Regelung einer mechatronischen …” „… .: Übertragung des Lenkgefühls einer Servo-Lenkung auf Steer-by-Wire. Steer-by-wire Control Design for …”

G. Nareyko, T. Koch, A. Trächtler Model Predictive Control of an Active Roll Stabilization System S. 245-256

„… self-steering behavior towards neutral steering depending of the driving situation There are several actuator …” „… 247 2. Model Design Assuming a linear vertical car model, it contains seven degrees of freedom: body …” „… presented e.g. in [2]. To carry out a model predictive controller design we further assume the output …”

E. Enders, F. Fent, M. Lienkamp, G. Burkhard, D. Schramm Objectification Methods for Ride Comfort – Comparison of Conventional Methods and Proposal of a new Method for Automated Driving Conditions S. 323-352

„… [60] claims to improve correlation by taking into account steering wheel vibration, Cucuz [13 …” „… ] and Rericha [60] additionally take into account accelerations, measured at the steering wheel. The …” „… method of Rericha [60] also uses the angular acceleration of the steering wheel. A falsification …”

J. Schucker, T. Kohlmann, U. Konigorski A Complete Concept for Combined Longitudinal and Lateral Trajectory Planning for Automated Driving on Highways S. 259-270

„… applied to a point mass model. The control signals are the steering wheel angle δc and the driving force …” „… designed in a conservative way. Once the standstill trajectory is activated it stays active until the …”

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Commercial Vehicles 2023

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2417 2023

Results in this title

S. Han, G. Park, Y. Ahn, K. Huh Development of A Path-Tracking Controller for Tractor with Two Articulated Trailers Based on Model Predictive Control S. 247-260

„… designed model. In the design of the proposed state observer, a Kalman filter based on a dynamic model is …” „… units and lane boundaries. The optimal steering angle is calculated through the designed cost function …” „… Predictive Control Hitch angle estimation and optimal controller design for T-MUT vehicle Sangwon Han …”

B. Lehner What is the UN-R 167 Direct Vision Standard S. 241-246

„… Transport for London TfL together with Loughborough Design School LDS, represented the first Direct Vision …” „… of vehicle types and designs without interfering to much with design neutrality. Test methodology …” „… passenger’s side. This does not only increase the requirement level, but also introduces possible design …”

M. Wöhrmann The air must get out of the truck, bus and trailer – Why hydro-pneumatic suspension systems are the future for electrified vehicles S. 165-176

„… enormous gain in installation space due to a very compact design of the individual components and an almost …” „… design of the spring system. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2417, 2023166As a result, low natural frequencies can be …” „… achieved in the design position, but the necessary degrees of shock can also be achieved. . Fig. 1 …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024171

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Systematic Derivation of Objective Requirements on Vehicle Steering System

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Reifen – Fahrwerk – Fahrbahn

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