VDI Verlag eLibrary

Suppressing Electromagnetic Interference in Switching-Mode Power Supplies by Chaotic Carrier Frequency Modulation

Junying Niu

Series: Informatik/ Kommunikation

Volume 851 2017

Results in this title

„… from the supply’s input power than that working in a switching state, the input and output energy …” „… in the switching-mode power supply (see Fig.1.2), namely a power switch, which is rapidly switched …” „… electric energy of the power supply is transferred to the output device through the switching converter at …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-VIII

„… – Electromagnetic Interference – Switching Mode Power Supply – Chaotic Frequency Pulse Width Modulation Integrated …” „… electromagnetic interference (EMI) of switching mode power supply (SMPS). So far, the study on CCFM was focused …” „… commercial electrical products. Switching mode power supply (SMPS), with the features of high energy …”

Conclusion S. 93-94

„… switching frequency around the nominal value, the discrete harmonic power that usually exists in classical …” „… proved effective to reduce EMI of SMPS, there has been no commercial CCFM-based power supply. Therefore …” „… of power supply so far. The other chaos oscillators will be adopted to generate the modulation signal …”

Application of CCFM in LED Drivers S. 45-63

„… working condition of power supply is determined by the key elements, namely the transistor and the …” „… power supply input port (the pin 1), ground port (the pin 2) and the pin 3 providing the chaotic …” „… converter V12 The feedback circuit The power supply to PWM IC Figure. 4.4: The schematic of the flyback …”

References S. 95-106

„… Modulation for Improved EMC of Switching Mode Power Supply. Electrical Applications, 25(6):71–74, 2006. [78 …” „… . Farzanehfard, and J. Faiz. Classification and Comparison of EMI Mitigation Techniques in Switching Power …” „… . Classification and comparison of emi mitigation techniques in switching power converters - a review. Journal of …”

Digital Chaotic Frequency PWM IC S. 78-92

„… Experiments The experiments on the power supply shown in Fig.6.13 are also carried out. The spectra of the …” „… portability, and intellectuality, the digitally controlled power supplies are in a rapidly growing need. To …” „… systems, the emphasis is focused on the design of a chaotic switching period counter, and Logistic map …”

Chaotic Carrier Frequency Modulation Module S. 17-33

„… such as the supply’s power range, the transistor’s working characteristics, the converter topology. The …” „… Chua’s diode The practical circuit of NR is shown in Fig.2.8, where VDD is the power supply of the …” „… − RIVREF + RTvchaos RT + RI . (2.8) The switching frequency of power supplies is also related to vchaos and …”

Analogue Chaotic Frequency PWM IC S. 64-77

„… , (5.1) where VCC is the power supply of the chaos circuit, R1-R6 are resistors. R1 R2 upp 1 2 R5 R6 R3 R …” „… provide an efficient and economic solution for EMI suppression in power supplies. In this chapter, the …” „… that CCFM can be realized on SMPS for EMI suppression, without modifying the original circuit of power …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186851109

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Suppressing Electromagnetic Interference in Switching Converters by Chaotic Duty Modulation

Yuhong Song

Series: Informatik/ Kommunikation

Volume 850 2017

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Introduction S. 1-13

„… 1 Introduction 1.1 Switching Converters A power supply is the device which transforms the …” „… of AC, which is AC-AC converter. One switching mode power supply, namely a switching converter …” „… 3842. Along with the development of IC and power semiconductor technology, switching converters have …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-VIII

„… 978-3-18-385010-5, ISSN 0178-9627, ¤ 43,00/VDI-Mitgliederpreis ¤ 38,70. Keywords: Switching power supply – Switching …” „… Conclusions 88 References 90 VI Abstract A switching power supply, namely switching converter, which is …” „… switching power supply makes use of the pulse-width modulation (PWM) technology to control the nonlinear …”

References S. 90-100

„… . Pressman. Switching power supply design. McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1997. [3] B. Vtezslav, G. John, and A. Duncan …” „… technology for switching power supply. Low Voltage Apparatus, 19, 2008. [30] K. Tse, R. Ng, H. Chung, and S …” „… of the degradation of MOSFETs in switching mode power supply by characterizing source oscillator …”

The Remaining Useful Life under Chaotic Modulation S. 72-82

„… includes the physical failure model and the statistics analysis. The switching power supply has already …” „… high-efficiency. However, the switching power device has a more potential disability because it works at a higher …” „… in 2011[66]. This chapter studies the service life or remaining useful life of a power supply under …”

Tests of Input and Output Characteristics S. 83-87

„… Characteristics Switching converters normally make use of single-phase two-wire power as the input. The AC …” „… power supply has been tested under normal PWM control and chaotic PWM control, respectively. It shows …” „… experimental tests about the effects of the chaotic modulation on efficiency, power factor, current harmonics …”

Realizing Chaotic Duty Modulation S. 44-56

„… PC’s power supply ATX2.0. is adopted to be the test bed. ATX2.0 has a typical integrated circuit (IC …” „… of the fundamental component and its harmonics of the switching frequency [24]. Among the four modes …” „… spectrum and suppress EMI in the switching converters [17, 21, 22]. However, FMFD is limited in …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186850102

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Autonomous Systems 2016

Herwig Unger (ed.), Wolfgang A. Halang (ed.)

Series: Informatik/ Kommunikation

Volume 848 2016

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Suppression of Disturbances S. 104-132

„… switching mode power supply (SMPS) has been increasingly widely applied in electric industry. However, rapid …” „… Carrier Frequency Modulation in Switching-mode Power Supply 105 The SMPS has to meet some basic …” „… vchaos. By Chaotic Carrier Frequency Modulation in Switching-mode Power Supply 107 adjusting R1-R4 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-VIII

„… in Switching-mode Power Supply J. Niu, Y. Song, Z. Li and W. Halang …” „… fighting electromagnetic interferences in switching-mode power supplies by spreading the spectra of input …” „… suppression of electromagnetical interferences as exemplified for power converters by aperiodic pulse width …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186848109

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LAND.TECHNIK 2016

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2273 2016

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P. Lehmann, F. de Moraes Boos, N. Tarasinski Fail-safe power supply for x-by-wire systems in ag and construction machines S. 117-126

„… phase for a failure to occur in the electric system and thus in switching from the primary power supply …” „… Fail-safe power supply for x-by-wire systems in ag and construction machines Philipp Lehmann, M …” „… fail-operational. Nevertheless, any failure in the exclusive electric power supply of the given setup poses the …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181022733

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ELIV 2017

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2299 2017

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K.-M. Fritsch, C. Schmuelling, T. Binder, M. Cramme Herausforderungen eines 48 V-Fahrantriebs mit 20 kW mechanischer Dauerleistung /Challenges of a 48 V drive system with 20 kW continuous mechanical power S. 85-86

„… International GmbH, Stuttgart Abstract MAHLE developed a high power electric drive system with 48 V supply …” „… system with 20 kW continuous mechanical power at 48 V supply voltage also comes with many challenges to …” „… , due to their advantages in switching losses. With a special power electronics design, up to 600 A rms …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181022993

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ELIV 2023

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2423 2023

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D. Nardo, G. Aiello, F. Gennaro Analysis of WBG based hybrid semiconductors approach for bidirectional PFC in On-board charger applications S. 223-234

„… and enables high switching frequencies. The power rating of modern OBC increases moving from 3.3 or …” „… power losses contribution analyses and comparison is obtained [3-4]. Switching and conduction losses …” „… to SiC, thanks to the lower switching losses, so GaN optimize the power losses between conduction and …”

L. Li, M. Schlecker, T. Zipper AI-Based Energy Management of Next Generation Architectures S. 391-404

„… the reliable energy supply for safety-critical functions in the vehicle. This necessitates a …” „… is to coordinate the energy supply for the electric consumers and optimize the energy distribution to …” „… controllers (Fig. 1a). The electric energy supply of these consumers became a challenge of the EMS. The …”

S. K S, Tata Elxsi, N. Velinov Software-Defined Vehicle: Combining Real-Time Safety Critical Functions with Cloud Connectivity S. 543-558

„… providing upgradeability, modularity, and the computing power required for the integration of AI …” „… units are usually described as devices with high computational power hosting the digital cockpit, the …” „… from malicious actors, a holistic approach to cybersecurity is required. Supply chain, OTA …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024232

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ELIV-MarketPlace 2022

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2405 2022

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Manuel Gärtner, Nadia Lecci New STi2GaNTM technology for ultra-fast switching automotive applications S. 121-132

„… gate)Lower gate structure stress improves reliabilityLower switching losses reaching higher efficiencyPower …” „… 12V power supply• Logic level inputsFlexible range detection:• SPI programmable time-width & peak …” „… New STi2GaNTM technology for ultra-fast switching automotive applications Manuel Gärtner …”

Florian Pampel, M. Stapelbroek, I. Hazanavicius Tailored battery systems for entry level up to high performance applications Challenges in battery development S. 99-108

„… costsMOSFET / Solid State SwitchHigher reliabilityVery fast switching time w/o noiseCont. power supply and …” „… lifetime*Requirements / FunctionsVehicle power supply (might by ASIL C rated)Power supply for its own main control …” „… unitPower supply of standby consumers even during sleep mode(Recuperation and start-stop)ChallengesCost …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024058

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ELIV 2024

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2441 2024

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C. Lankeit, R. Dorociak, M. Teuber, O. Lüdtke, J. Ziethen Automotive eFuses: Challenges of Today and Solutions for the Future S. 517-528

„… this context, establishing and retaining safe power supply is central for sustaining the operation of …” „… immediately and safely shut down the power supply, preventing any damage to the system, or complete loss of …” „… Cybersecurity standards. Looking ahead, integrated eFuses can continuously monitor power supply stability …”

T. Huck, A. Achtzehn When innovation demand meets E/E architecture Further endeavours into next-gen architectural designs S. 395-406

„… introduction of an additional 48V voltage level to supply high-power low-voltage loads, (b) redundancy and …” „… power supply are often insufficiently represented. Hence, this paper serves the secondary purpose of …” „… century, the vehicle power supply system for low voltage has been on 12 volts. All electronics components …”

D. Simon, T. Wenka Battery-Integrated Multilevel Inverter Technology A Highly Integrated Electric Drivetrain Approach and its Technical Implementation in a Distributed Real-Time System S. 467-476

„… platform and offers the possibility of pursuing a HW/SW co-design approach with sufficient computing power …” „… VDI-Berichte Nr. 2441, 2024 469The interconnection of the modules in a string can be reconfigured via power …” „… between parallel modules and batteries. Second, the possibility of parallel switching can be used to …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024416

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Dritev – Drivetrain For Vehicles 2019

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2354 2019

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M. Elshaer, C. Chen Wide-Band-Gap (WBG) power semiconductor switches for automotive HV battery chargers – Opportunities & challenges S. II-1-II-14

„… effect transistor (MOSFET) has been a key component in high voltage and high frequency switching power …” „… from their datasheets. Both designs are operated at 100 kHz and supply a 3.7 kW load. The power loss …” „… converter has a tangible impact on the charger cost. Power and switching frequency are key factors for …”

J. Grabowski, A. Colognese 48V to 12V Converters for xEV Applications – Managing the headaches of dual voltage automotive architectures S. II-45-II-54

„… switching circuits combined into a single stage. The power switches control the current flow in the main …” „… produce the power required for the many hybrid features, a higher voltage battery system is required. The …” „… 48V battery provides the higher power required while still maintaining a safe-to-handle voltage …”

K. von Rueden, C. Danzer, J. Liebold, T. Mueller, T. Hirschbeck 1, 2 or 3 – how much it would be? Evaluating the need of multispeed electric drives coming from different perspectives S. I-227-I-254

„… actuating power for the switching elements. In summary, the 2- and 3-speed drive in the configuration with …” „… conventional, hybrid and allelectric power trains. Development goals, such as high starting performance and …” „… few assemblies as possible with a modular system consisting of e-machine, transmission and power …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023549

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Dritev 2022

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2401 2022

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C. Ugare, A. Sibirko Plastics in high reliability Power Inverter Applications S. 209-222

„… switching frequency of the power modules, the temperature drop (to approx.145°C) has been achieved. Fig …” „… failure are 1. Generation of noise due to high speed, high amplitude switching of power modules 2 …” „… . 2401, 2022 2176.1. Generation of high frequency noise The switching of power modules at high speed …”

F. Duchi, M. Ivarson, A. Schmitt, F. Haag Innovative E-Drive testing and software optimization – Key to maximize range, comfort and robustness of modern electric powertrains S. 37-60

„… is the key component that convert DC voltage from the battery into AC to power the electric motor …” „… Per Flux). The switching frequency was chosen high enough to fulfil a low current ripple to the …” „… E-Motor and low enough to avoid excessive switching losses. The testbed was used to validate the initial …”

J. Gindele, U. Franzmann, L. Herdle, A. Pawlenka The Magna 7HDT400 for BMW’s new 48V hybrid drive family S. 1-12

„… . 2401, 20222lubrication. The EM also handles power generation for all vehicle systems, eliminating the …” „… need for an additional, conventional generator. This saves further weight and costs. The power flows …” „… uses the existing electric motor-driven on-demand oil pump for clutch cooling. An ad-ditional switching …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024010

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Land.Technik AgEng 2017

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2300 2017

Results in this title

R. Schmetz Calculation of the losses in series-hybrid powertrains S. 513-520

„… for an apparent power of approximately 157.1 kVA for a supply of 150 kW power to a DC-link via a B6 …” „… switching of an IGBT in contrast to a passive power-diode. Typical switching (or modulation) frequencies of …” „… efficiency of mechanic-hydraulic power-split powertrains. For verification, the losses of an electric …”

C. Geiger, M. Geimer Efficiency Optimisation of a Forestry Crane by Implement Hydraulics with Energy Recovery S. 175-184

„… (blue dashed graph) over cycle time and the theoretical usable power due to lowering inner or outer …” „… boom for middle-distance ranges respectively long-distance ranges. This power is calculated for time …” „… : P= ∆p · Q (1) with P: Power in W ∆p: Pressure difference between cylinder and environment in Pa …”

M. Rothmund, S. Villwock, P. Pollinger Redundant Communication in Daisy Chains for Improved Diagnostics and System Reliability in Seeders and Planters S. 453-460

„… central implement ECU. Generally, the power supply wires for the controllers are located in the same …” „… . [2] propose to use the electrical power line inside a vehicle as redundant CAN communication channel …” „… components to process CAN traffic from the power line. Moreover, in our specific daisy chain topologies …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023006

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Dritev – Drivetrain for Vehicles 2020

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2373 2020

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M. Deiml High speed electric drive system – A solution for the next generation E-cars S. II-49-II-62

„… transmissions in one housing. The dual inverter uses an interleaving switching strategy to reduce the DC link …” „… capacitor size. The power density reaches 3,5 kW/kg on e-axle-system. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2373, 2020 49 …” „… the power inverter in one easy to install unit. An EDU is characterized by its torque capability at …”

D. Kieninger, J. Hemsen, G. Witham The highly integrated ModulED drive module – Holistic concept design S. I-27-I-44

„… vehicles. It has a peak power of 157 kW and combines innovative technologies in the field of electric …” „… machines, power electronics and transmission: It features a high-speed hybrid synchronous machine with six …” „… planetary gear set (Ravigneaux gear set) and gallium nitride (GaN) power electronics with winding …”

A. Riegauf Transferability of economic electrification concepts in heavy goods traffic to mobile machinery S. I-435-II-VIII

„… Scalable power supply 3 n5 21 4 Modular battery system 1… n m od ul es / pa ck s & s am e ty pe s H2 …” „… , 2020 437 VehicleScalable energy supply One solution is the modular, adaptable powertrain construction …” „… economies of scale ● Low power loss of the entire system ● Use of proprietary technologies available on the …”

K. Sabzewari, M. Vieracker, J. Sagstetter Cost efficient PHEV powertrain solution based on dedicated hybrid transmission – Cost efficiency for small and mid-size plug in hybrid vehicle S. I-89-I-102

„… Maximum speed: 130 km/h purely electric; 160 km/h in hybrid mode Electric power supply auxiliaries 3 …” „… kW 12 V power supply + 5 kW EACC at SOCmin: and any other condition such as during vehicle …” „… 2 and P4 and power-split hybrids. The parallel hybrid approaches are based on conventional …”

F. Völkel, M. Tietz, A. Schamin, S. Giehl Rolling into the future – Bearing solutions for electric mobility S. I-103-I-118

„… rig using a power supply unit. Contact is made using a sliding contact (refer to Fig. 8). The example …” „… elements, and current insulation with rolling bearings provides interesting solutions which allow power …” „… possible combination that is of great interest. For operating synchronous motors, the power electronics …”

H. Gürbüz, S. Ott, A. Sutschet, J. Kern Highly efficient clutch system for multispeed BEV S. I-119-I-132

„… . Overall, there is a trend towards high-speed traction drives, which significantly increases the power …” „… that a shiftable transmission (2-3 gears) can increase the overall efficiency and power density of the …” „… input for e-mobility, the consortium was founded by suppliers who already supply components for …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023730

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Dritev 2023

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2420 2023

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A. Kappes, S. Frei, P. Noone, Stephan Rinderknecht Development and Design of a Range Extended four-speed Two-Drive-Powertrain S. 253-280

„… event is dependent on temperature, current and blocking voltage. The switching loss power is then …” „… power class [1] and the most frequently registered class was the C-segment VDI-Berichte Nr. 2420, 2023 …” „… following. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2420, 2023 255 Fig. 3: Ecological potentials of different power train concept …”

A. Paone, J. Larbig, A. Rohm, T. Höche ZF TherMaS: Holistic Thermal Management for BEV S. 45-60

„… with a smart cooling system enables higher power-density and allows to exceed current power limits of …” „… coolant-supply module, only the coolant tubes have to be connected to ZF-TherMaS. Why energy-management is …” „… increase efficiency, every kind of optimization on the component level (e-motor, power electronics, reducer …”

D. Schweigert, B. Morhard, F. Oberneder, L. Pointner-Gabriel, M. Otto, K. Stahl Speed4E: Simulative and Experimental Results on the Vibration Behavior of a High-Speed Planetary Gearbox S. 441-458

„… regenerative power supply unit. The test rig is furthermore equipped with a large number of sensors for …” „… Herausforderungen. 2. Abstract Increasing the speed of the electric motor can significantly improve the power …” „… power electronics and the electric motors and for lubrication of the gearbox in one circuit. Besides …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024201

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Dritev – Drivetrain For Vehicles 2018

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2328 2018

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R. Bredtmann, M. Beck, O. Mühlfeld, K. Olesen, O. Shajarati Robust multi-chip power module for effective integration to automotive powertrains – Danfoss DCM™1000 meets future automotive requirements S. II-1-II-18

„… inductance and achieve high symmetry in switching. A laminated busbar, shown in Fig. 16, connects the power …” „… Robust Multi-Chip Power Module for effective Integration to Automotive Powertrains Danfoss DCM …” „… , Klaus Olesen, Omid Shajarati, Danfoss Silicon Power GmbH, Flensburg Zusammenfassung Die neue …”

T. Smejkal, C. Wirth Innovative transmission topologies using the example of a P2-hybridtransmission for front-transverse applications S. I-147-I-162

„… synthesized in this way qualify excellently for transmissions with high power density in limited installation …” „… ensuring full power shiftability (up and down shifts). The proposed gear box consists of only three …” „… compactly. The structure of the transmission as well as the power flows and shiftability of the gears will …”

A. Schmidt, H.-P. Fleischmann Enhancement of a dual clutch transmission kit – AUDI S tronic – Version for All-Wheel Drive, Increase of Torque and HV Electrification S. I-33-I-48

„… quattro ultra design, the permanently available yet predictive switching all-wheel drive. The modular kit …” „… provided for in the base S tronic concept, which supply the actuators and lubrication/cooling systems of …” „… power densities, the electric machine stator is manufactured in a winding process newly developed for …”

L. Dedeleit, M. Ayeb, L. Brabetz Short circuit calculation of permanent magnet synchronous machines with comsol multiphysics S. II-197-III-VII

„… , the usual motorization of electric and hybrid vehicles. PMSM are characterized by high power densities …” „… short oversized supply lines on one terminal. Here, the voltages , , of the machine can be assumed to …” „… , the supply line may no longer be neglected. In order to take the converter behavior into account, a …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023280

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Commercial Vehicles 2019

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2350 2019

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M. Fritz Modular Platform Approach for Electric Drive System in Commercial Vehicles S. 103-114

„… the high degree of modularization of the power electronics enables solutions adapted to the available …” „… interaction between electric motor, power switches and motor control has essential impact. Zusammenfassung …” „… systems (EDS) which besides electric motors contains power electronics hardware as well as software. The …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023501

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Results (87)

Suppressing Electromagnetic Interference in Switching-Mode Power Supplies by Chaotic Carrier Frequency Modulation

Suppressing Electromagnetic Interference in Switching Converters by Chaotic Duty Modulation

Autonomous Systems 2016

LAND.TECHNIK 2016

ELIV 2017

ELIV 2023

ELIV-MarketPlace 2022

ELIV 2024

Dritev – Drivetrain For Vehicles 2019

Dritev 2022

Land.Technik AgEng 2017

Dritev – Drivetrain for Vehicles 2020

Dritev 2023

Dritev – Drivetrain For Vehicles 2018

Commercial Vehicles 2019