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International Conference on Gears 2017

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2294 2017

Results in this title

M. Hein, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Test method for time-scaled fatigue tests of gear transmission systems S. 1073-1084

„… Test method for time-scaled fatigue tests of gear transmission systems Dipl.-Ing. Michael Hein …” „… consuming. The use of shortened test methods can reduce the required testing time and lead to cost savings …” „… gearbox in a single (truncated) test spectrum. The use of shortened test methods or condition monitoring …”

L. Gondecki, M. Weibring, P. Tenberge Simulation and test method for the lubricant’s influence on the wear and fatigue mechanisms on tooth flanks S. 29-40

„… Simulation and test method for the lubricant’s influence on the wear and fatigue mechanisms on …” „… calculation method for each individual lubricant. An experimental test method is introduced in which the …” „… short extract of an experimental program and some of the results are presented. The test method is …”

C. Hasl, P. Oster, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Bending strength of oil-lubricated cylindrical plastic gears – Modified bending strength calculation based on VDI 2736 S. 1649-1660

„… - Part 1: FZG test method A/8,3/90 for relative scuffing load-carrying capacity of oils. [5 …” „… , load-induced deflections strongly affect the tooth root stresses. In this work, a modified method for …” „… test gears normal module / relative mass of a gear pair [2] rotation speed of pinion [2 …”

M. W. Seidel, A. Zösch, K. Härtel Grinding burn inspection – tools for supervising and objectifying of the testing process S. 1003-1014

„… grinding is high enough to generate local tempering or even re-hardened zones. Different test methods are …” „… evaluation of non-destructive test methods as well as for STE. This lecture shares experience and results …” „… required for the evaluation of non-destructive test methods as well as for STE. They allow the calibration …”

C. Weber, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Investigation on the flank surface durability of gears with increased pressure angle S. 173-184

„… mass temperature and the lubricant temperature. 3. Test program and test method 3.1. Test rig The …” „… test results show that the calculating method for scuffing resistance according to DIN ISO 14635 [1 …” „… investigations were evaluated based on standardized test procedures and calculation methods. It could be shown …”

N. Sagraloff, M. Hein, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Practical use of micropitting test results according to FVA 54/7 for calculation of micropitting load capacity acc. to ISO/TR 15144-1 S. 143-152

„… load cycles. This approved, standardized and widely used test method can be used for deriving the …” „… standardized test methods like the Flender micropitting test [18], BGA- DU micropitting test [3] and the …” „… 54/7 [16] or other test methods already named in chapter 2. Tests should be carefully carried out with …”

A. Pogacnik, S. Beermann Measuring permissible root/flank stress of plastic gears according to the VDI 2736-4 S. 1541-1552

„… extrapolation method for plastic gears is briefly discussed (Figure 2). To help test engineers, a program was …” „… challenges, that arise, are discussed. Furthermore, the statistical procedure to evaluate test results is …” „… strength calculation according to the VDI 2736-2. To help test engineers, a software tool was developed …”

T. Nagumo, M. Ishizuka, Y. Satou, S. Matsumura, H. Houjoh Estimation of loaded static transmission error using vibration measurement under operating conditions in a two-stage helical gear reducer S. 857-868

„… Technology, Yokohama, Japan Abstract In this study, an estimation method of the loaded static …” „… two-stage helical gear reducer. This method is based on the understanding that vibration is determined by …” „… that our proposed method can accurately estimate the loaded STE attributed to each gear in the gearbox …”

M. Takahashi, T. Itagaki, N. Maeda, H. Takahashi Evaluation of developed micro-gear endurance test system and basic study on load-carrying characteristics of micro-spur-gears S. 243-252

„… operation). Moreover, this flowchart also demonstrates a method of an acceleration endurance test, as …” „… micro-gear endurance test system, problems such as partial contact did not occur. (4) The presented method …” „… Evaluation of developed micro-gear endurance test system and basic study on load-carrying …”

T. Jurkschat, T. Lohner, K. Stahl Improved calculation method for load-dependent gear losses S. 893-904

„… ] ISO 14635-1, 2000-06: FZG test method A/8.3/90 for relative scuffing load-carrying capacity of oils …” „… Improved Calculation Method for Load-Dependent Gear Losses Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Jurkschat, Dr.-Ing …” „… which the existing calculation method is analyzed in detail and improved. In drive technology, spur …”

M. Oehler, B. Magyar, B. Sauer A new standardizable calculation method to predict the efficiency of worm gear drives S. 363-372

„… A new standardizable Calculation Method to predict the Efficiency of Worm Gear Drives Dipl.-Ing …” „… scope of the research project FVA 729 I "Worm Gear Efficiency", a physically based simulation method …” „… for the efficiency of worm gear drives was developed. This method is validated by experiments with …”

J. Reißmann, E. Leidich Computation of the tooth root strength of Worm Wheels with a calculation program based on local stresses S. 373-394

„… restricts the load of the gear. At present, the tooth root strength is calculated with analytical methods …” „… . To gain better results a local calculation method was figured out. To improve the userfriendliness …” „… , the calculation method was implemented in a computation program. This contains the preparation of the …”

J. Yu, L. Yao, C. Ren, X. Yan, L. Lin Design and experimental validation on a novel tow speed transmission for electric bus S. 97-108

„… the drive system with proposed two-speed transmission, a bench test and a real driving cycle on …” „… electrical bus are developed. It is shown experimentally that the proposed SDAT method demonstrates a higher …” „… methods to solve the multi-objective optimization problem mainly include conventional methods and …”

B. Schlecht, F. Müller, S. Schumann Simulation and measurement of tooth flank deviations on bevel gears caused by pitting and micro pitting S. 293-304

„… introduced. The gear and test parameters as well as the measuring methods for this example are shown in the …” „… conditions were photographically documented during the test run. However, this method is limited to …” „… are contrasted to determine the capabilities and limitations of the simulation method. 1 …”

C. Gorla, E. Conrado, F. Rosa, F. Concli Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) for gears: manufacturing, performances and tests S. 977-988

„… method [7], while the pitting tests, for which the effective meshing condition must necessarily be …” „… Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) for gears: manufacturing, performances and tests C. Gorla, E …” „… . The paper describes the adopted test procedures and the test results obtained on gear specimens by …”

K. Mao, V. Goodship, N. Madhav, R. Ramakrishnan, P. Langlois Experimental Investigations of Polymer Composite Gear Performance S. 1625-1636

„… methods and in some cases poor correlation has been shown between the standards and test results [3, 4 …” „… An incremental step loading method was employed for the present gear tests as described in the …” „… authors’ research on machine cut acetal gears [15]. In this method a single test gear pair is used. The …”

M. Daffner, M. Otto, K. Stahl Elastic deformation of a hypoid gearbox – Measurements on a static test rig to validate the calculated elastic deformation behavior S. 683-694

„… Analytical Method to Reduce Gear Whine Noise, Including Validation with Test Data. SAE transactions - Journal …” „… Elastic deformation of a hypoid gearbox – Measurements on a static test rig to validate the …” „… , bearings and shafts for a hypoid gearbox is validated by measurements at a static test rig. The challenge …”

J. Cathelin, R. Janssen Material data for advanced plastic gear simulation S. 1553-1564

„… the curve generation, a hybrid method is proposed. A few gear tests are performed below 100,000 …” „… ] Schijve, W. Rüegg, A.: EATC Properties and test methods for LFT materials, European Alliance for …” „… by high cost and test duration. Moreover, some test setups are very specific and do not translate …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XXVII

„… L. Gondecki, Simulation and test method for the lubricant’s influence 29 M. Weibring, on the wear …” „… method for time-scaled fatigue tests of gear 1073 T. Tobie, transmission systems K. Stahl D. Strasser …” „… of globalization – 41 Back ground of the development for high speed automatic hardness tester …”

C. Brecher, C. Löpenhaus, F. Goergen, D. Mevissen Crack propagation analysis of pitting damages of high-strength material systems in gear applications S. 281-292

„… , contact fatigue strength of three test variants of different material or heat treatment is investigated …” „… , calculation methods for rolling-sliding contact fatigue strength were developed based on the concept of local …” „… endurance life [4, 8]. In all methods, a comparison of the present stress state, which is represented by an …”

M. Baar, P. Oster, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Theoretical investigations of the load distribution of small sized crown gear sets different material pairings S. 1593-1610

„… crown gears Fig. 5.2: Test gear sets VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 20171604 5.2 Testing methods The test …” „… distribution is illustrated. Experimental tests were made to determine the load carrying capacity of small …” „… conditions, wear could be determined as main failure of the test gear sets. This basically effects on bad …”

C. Brecher, C. Löpenhaus, M. Schroers, T. Frech, P. Scholzen Optimization of NVH behavior of gears by alternative gear materials S. 539-552

„… necessary. Therefore, a method to adjust the transmission error of alternative gear materials is developed …” „… Test Rig. The third step is the validation of the simulation results with the experimental …” „… transmissions. Method for the transmission error adjustment One of the objectives of the design of tooth …”

A. Kubo Change of gear steel quality as function of globalization – Back ground of the development for high speed automatic hardness tester S. 41-50

„… high speed automatic hardness tester Prof. hc. Dr.-Ing. Aizoh Kubo, Research Institute for …” „… that examination. To find the quality problem of purchased steel, we develop now a new tester for …” „… some steel kinds with this tester are introduced. INTRODUCTION In my job for trouble shooting of …”

J.-A. Meis Flank fracture assessment under consideration of material quality S. 395-398

„… presented methods show good results for the comparison with fatigue tests on notched and unnotched specimen …” „… Finally in Fig. 11 the fatigue test results for this gear are compared with the simulated results. It can …” „… be seen that the simulation gives fatigue strength of nearly 11% above the test results. This is …”

D. Strasser, S. Troll, R. Sperlich, J. Münch Reliability safeguarding for an 8 MW wind energy gearbox in serial production – Prototype and process development ensuring stable quality at the highest level S. 1085-1100

„… validation program on the customer’s system test rig as well as on the prototype turbine. After passing …” „… methods have been developed (see also ZF’s report on International Conference on Gears 2015 [3]). The …” „… methods like the Failure Mode Effect Analyses (FMEA) for designs, but also for processes. The FMEA has …”

D. Ghribi, C. Peyrac, M. Octrue Shot peening of gear tooth flanks: Search for an optimal surface topography against the micropitting S. 153-162

„… development of an interrupted test method to monitor the micropitting progression with the development of a …” „… test method to monitor the micropitting progression with the development of a specific image analysis …” „… micropitting and results of experimental tests (two-disk Rolling-Sliding Contact Fatigue, RSCF, test …”

M. Kanters, B. van Wissen, R. Nickel Relevant tribological testing method for high performance plastic gears S. 1507-1518

„… Relevant tribological testing method for high performance plastic gears Dr.ir. Marc Kanters …” „… can be done by experimentally accessing the long-term performance of a gear pair in a gear tester …” „… . However, usually these tests are performed under conditions that accelerate failure (high loads …”

R. Müller, L. Schirmer New tolerance concepts for the realization of steel-only worm gears S. 467-478

„… additionally by an adaption of commissioning processes. Different tolerance management methods, e.g. Key …” „… adjustment processes or functional tests or both. The adjustment process can compensate axial and/or radial …” „… deviations. A functional test ensures the achievement of the KC. In summary, the combination of the …”

B. Zhmud, J. Blomkvist, M. Fallström An advanced thermal processing & coating process for enhancing gear tribology S. 1451-1462

„… damage under tribological stress. Gear material, machining and finishing methods, lubricant, and enduse …” „… been nitrided with advantageous results. The main nitriding methods used today are gas nitriding …” „… hours. Therefore, the method is considered as a fast method compared to regular nitriding. The surface …”

D. Iba, S. Futagawa, T. Kamimoto, M. Nakamura, N. Miura, T. Iizuka, A. Masuda, A. Sone, I. Moriwaki Print of crack detection sensor for spur gears by laser sintering of conductive ink S. 869-880

„… results showed that the printing method used in this work should be effective for manufacturing the …” „… bending strength” [1]. According to the standard, operating tests of plastic gears must be performed …” „… then the tooth bending strength is estimated. Therefore, failure detection of plastic test gears plays …”

B. Schlecht, K. Neikes, E. Leidich, S. Hauschild Is the mean stress effect for shafts dependent on the geometry, material or load? S. 1145-1152

„… Fatigue determination with staircase method with at least four specimens Only test results for steel …” „… or ultimate strength. In later days tests with mean stress equivalent to the stress amplitude were …” „… taken into account. As fatigue tests are expensive and take a lot of time, often only one or two aspects …”

K. Tsujii, R. Ishikura, K. Inoue, Y. Tanaka, T. Morita Effect of alloying elements on edge part over-carburizing in vacuum carburizing S. 1415-1426

„… edge angle was varied from 60 to 150 degree, were used in the bending tests. In high Cr and low Si …” „… Carburizing and quenching is a representative surface-hardening treatment method for steel, and is used for …” „… years, the vacuum carburizing method has become more widespread, instead of the traditional gas …”

J. Papies Load distribution in planetary gears considering effects of manufacturing tolerances with a statistical approach S. 783-794

„… generate optimized test procedures for simulation runs. The DoE method keeps the test effort to a minimum …” „… obvious to use statistical attempts not only when evaluating test data, but also as an integral part of …” „… this research. Employing methods such as these result in a better understanding of the inner …”

J. Neufond, Y. Xu, J. Perret-Liaudet, E. Rigaud The iterative spectral method for computing the planetary gear dynamic response S. 209-218

„… The iterative spectral method for computing the planetary gear dynamic response J. Neufond, Y …” „… planetary gear dynamic responses, a previously defined iterative spectral method is introduced and …” „… basis computed from the mean characteristics of the system, this method is derived in the frequency …”

B. Bauer, R. Hambrecht, A. Kube Thermal analysis and optimization of gearboxes by simulation S. 917-926

„… balance, analytical calculation methods are too inaccurate for precise evaluations of changes to the …” „… numerical design methods like shape optimizations lead to a higher utilization of available space. The …” „… Today’s common method for calculating gearbox temperatures is described in [1]. At first, the losses of …”

B. Sievers, M. Berger, J. Hermes Technical guideline for the quality determination of bronze S. 479-490

„… -112-13: Standard Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size, American Society …” „… method for calculating the load bearing capacity of helical-worm gear units is defined by DIN 3996 [3 …” „… tooth root breakage according to method C (using a simplified approximation procedure). To calculate …”

J. Champain, S. Dalle, M. Octrue Simultaneous experimental characterization of dynamic transmission error to noise and vibration behavior of a gear system under load S. 953-962

„… , etc… Test bench development The vibroacoustic transfer concept of the structure borne noise and the …” „… reducer gearing with available specific gears for the tests. It is composed of a single gear pair …” „… : Illustrations of the tested gearbox and test bench To enhance and be able to order the generation of …”

G. Eitzinger Adaptive coatings on gears for NVH improvement S. 1439-1450

„… several methods available to optimize the clearance in gear driven systems. Addon mass balancer systems …” „… . Nevertheless, it may increase weight, friction and costs. An efficient method to precisely adjust clearances …” „… Vickers going down to 350 HV 0,020. Especially Copper and Silver alloys are used in the first tests due …”

D. Krüger, E. Leidich, I. Römhild, R. Heß, H. Linke Geometry, pitting and tooth root capacity of asymmetric gears S. 751-768

„… and will provide a comprehensive method to calculate the tooth root capacity of these gears. 1 …” „… the tensile stress component only. Then a method will be presented to assess the tooth root stress …” „… locally. This method can be implemented into software easily. Furthermore, a number of calculations were …”

T. Saito, K. Miyamoto Traction drive analysis identified with rheological friction property of traction fluid S. 1185-1190

„… temperature were identified from the dynamic behavior analysis model for a four-roller test apparatus together …” „… dynamic solver was used. This method made it possible to precisely quantify the torque capacity and power …” „… traction fluid characteristics using a four-roller test apparatus; and • Prediction for the traction …”

F. Concli, C. Gorla Numerical modeling of the churning power losses of gears: an innovative 3D computational tool suitable for planetary gearbox simulation S. 881-892

„… mechanisms involved, many analytical methods and international standard are available. On the other hand, at …” „… methods nor automated simulation tools are available, in particular where the interest is focused on load …” „… applicability of the previously developed computational method to real complex gearboxes. With this additional …”

E. Tanaka, H.-C. Lin Gear diagnostic system using zonal laser beam for practical use S. 845-856

„… , Han-Ching Lin, Waseda University, Japan Abstract We developed a new method for that practical use of …” „… the conventional desktop PC. This new method uses the four positions from tooth root, tooth tip and …” „… the gear rotation angle. To confirm the feasibility and effect of the new method applied in Raspberry …”

Foreword S. 1-4

„… service life of the gear units have increased. Therefore, more and more accurate calculation methods are …” „… required for the load bearing capacity, life expectancy and failure probability as well as better test …” „… methods. This aspect is also becoming more important with regard to Industry 4.0 and Predictive …”

M. Kalin, A. Kupec Wear and Fatigue Behaviour of Polymer Gears under Controlled Temperature Conditions S. 1637-1648

„… suggests that the results from different tests and even different load levels, which are not temperature …” „… table for completeness. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 20171638 The fatigue tests of spur gears were performed …” „… on a polymer-gear testing rig for small polymer gears, as shown schematically in Figure 1b. The test …”

Y. Shen, S. Rinderknecht, M. Hoppert General modelling method of power losses in transmission with parameter identification S. 905-916

„… General Modelling Method of Power Losses in Transmission with Parameter Identification M. Sc …” „… method to calculate the overall efficiency of a complete vehicle gearbox. A number of standards and …” „… a better proximity to the test results. Nevertheless, the uncertainties in the input parameters of …”

R. Nemoto, E. Tamura, N. Seyama, E. Tanaka Friction loss and surface durability of WN gears – A Comparison with involute gears S. 1133-1138

„… circulating test rig. The experiments concerning frictional loss were carried out quite separately from the …” „… experiments of limiting load for pitting. The running-in of test gears was carried out enough. After the …” „… running-in the running state of test gears became stable and there was no fluctuation of power loss. For …”

J. Lohmiller, J. Hoffmeister, J. Hermes, M. Ansorg, H. Dhonau Development and investigation of austempered ductile iron (ADI) for thick-walled gear components S. 963-976

„… staircase method to determine the fatigue limit with a failure probability of 50%. Tests were stopped at …” „… tests, unnotched samples were prepared with cuboidal shape according to DIN EN 1564:2011 [1 …” „… ]. Tension-compression fatigue tests with a stress ratio R = -1 were performed on a MAG 150 kN electromagnetic testing …”

B. Schlecht, F. Rudolph, S. Schumann Experimental studies and simulation of hypoid gear lapping S. 1403-1414

„… (IMM), TU Dresden Abstract Gear lapping is a highly productive method of hard finishing hypoid …” „… paper presents a method to simulate the local surface wear produced by lapping bevel and hypoid gears …” „… method and deduce possible improvements. 1. Introduction During the lapping process, material …”

T. Schöler, H. Binz, M. Bachmann Method for the pre-dimensioning of beveloid gears – Efficient design of main gearing data S. 565-578

„… VoKoS specifications can be gathered from [14]. The method has been applied to a wide set of test …” „… focus on the validation of this predimensioning method on a test rig for beveloid gear sets. Currently …” „… Method for the Pre-dimensioning of Beveloid Gears Efficient design of main gearing data …”

C. Peng, C. Li, B. Chen Development of a test rig for transmission performances of precision planetary reducer S. 1127-1132

„… Development of A Test Rig for Transmission Performances of Precision Planetary Reducer Changyan …” „… planetary reducers, a test rig has been designed and developed. The test rig consists of lock device, load …” „… with a worm pair. The test rig is equipped with multi-sensor monitoring unit and computer data …”

B. Schlecht, C. Ulrich, J. Bräunig Investigations on the influence of anisotropic material properties of gear teeth on their macroscopic behavior S. 659-668

„… evaluated before using the new method. Besides investigations regarding the load capacity, the dynamic …” „… discussed as well as the results of investigations on gear teeth. It is shown that the production method …” „… production methods for these requirements. Fig. 1 shows the cold transverse rolling process which, at the …”

B. Černe, D. Zorko, J. Duhovnik Semi-analytical method for the prediction of the flank temperatures of polymer gears during running S. 1611-1624

„… Semi-analytical method for the prediction of the flank temperatures of polymer gears during …” „… reliable method for the prediction of the flank temperature state of polymer gears after longer running …” „… periods, where a quasi-steady thermal state is achieved. The method consists of a preliminary numerical …”

O. Berka, M. Dub, F. Lopot Experimental measurement of gears impact in transmission S. 1119-1126

„… practice, the meshing quality is mostly observed by so called colour test (Figure 1). Fig. 1: Final …” „… colour prints on teeth However, the colour test has one huge disadvantage – it cannot provide colours …” „… the method for continuous monitoring of meshing quality in gears of big industrial gearboxes. In terms …”

C. Gosselin, E. Fritz, L. Seiler CnC manufacturing of circular faced cylindrical gears S. 1343-1352

„… contact point of the Ease Off is checked to test whether separation is larger or smaller than the …” „… latter is the preferred method as standard cutters can be used. Fig. 8 shows the TE for the same gear …” „… Spurved Gear Sets In order to illustrate the method, two Spurved gear sets, m = 1.352 mm, were designed …”

M. Nakagawa, D. Nishida, D. Sah, T. Hirogaki Development of novel test stand for three-axis driving planetary gear train control and analysis of novel PGT for noise reduction S. 331-340

„… Development of novel test stand for three-axis driving planetary gear train control and analysis …” „… driving conditions. In this report, a novel test stand is designed focusing on the balance of inertia …” „… this paper, a novel test stand is designed to drive the PGT precisely under any driving condition by …”

T. Aoyama, H. Inokura, Y. Shibata Prediction of plastic deformation in hypoid gears S. 669-682

„… deformation test results is confirmed. The plastic deformation is predicted by the index. 1. Introduction …” „… calculation method without contact model shown in Fig. 2 was used to simplify the investigation. Contact load …” „… test gears (a) (b) (c) (d) Number of teeth (pinion : gear) 11 : 41 13 : 49 Module 5 4.2 Pitch …”

C. Zhang, H. Liu, C. W. Yao, Y. Li Study of vibration for spur gears of tooth profile modification and experimental validation of modification method S. 527-538

„… modification method Chen Zhang, Hui Liu, Chou W. Yao, Yu Li, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing …” „… , the results of simulation and test are compared to validate the accuracies of dynamic model and …” „… modification method, and then the root causes of vibration are also studied. In conclusion, under the …”

B. Leupold, V. Janzen, G. Kotthoff, D. Eichholz Validation approach of PM gears for eDrive applications S. 119-130

„… it is 50 mio. cycles. At the end of both test methods S/N curves are generated. A typical data set …” „… The graph above builds on tooth flank and tooth root performance tests of sintered gears and compares …” „… process knowledge. Furthermore, GKN has developed the “GSM test gear” geometry as a standard test gear …”

E. Maier, A. Ziegltrum, T. Lohner, K. Stahl Characterization of TEHL contacts of thermoplastic gears S. 1483-1496

„… twin-disk test rig for representative thermoplastic gear operating conditions. After a comparison to plain …” „… . 2294, 2017 1485 Fig. 3: Schematic illustration of the mechanical layout of the FZG twin-disk test rig …” „… experimentally at the FZG twin disk test rig, which is often used as a model test rig for gear contacts. After …”

S. Stoyanov, V. Dobrev, A. Dobreva Investigating dynamic behavior of planetary gear trains through the systematic approach S. 197-208

„… , conducting functional and reliability tests, executing corrections if necessary and manufacturing the market …” „… methods for a complex analysis of the internal meshing and for the determinations of the permissible and …” „… interaction properties: kinematic contact method or penalty contact method Another advantage of …”

C. Güntner, T. Tobie, K. Stahl “Alternative” microstructures and their influence on mechanical properties of case-hardened gears S. 399-410

„… investigated in experimental test-runs, using spur gears. The results of the variants with “alternative …” „… at er ia l 20 M oC r4 MQ ML ME (*) (*) (**) (**) VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 2017 401 4. Test Gears and …” „… load capacity, spur gears with a gear size of module 5 mm are used. All test gears were made out …”

J. W. Vriesen Topographical tooth modifications in planetary gears for reduction of the noise excitation without load capacity loss – Optimization of complex systems capable of oscillation S. 185-196

„… possible and exactly. The finite elements method (FEM), [13], is very helpfully and nowadays the software …” „… introduced in this article. Particularly come into different grinding methods. A suggestion on a …” „… 6b) Profile grinding Fig. 6: Methods of tooth grinding, see [15] The possibilities of the …”

P. Kauffmann, P. Schäflein, V. Heuer PM technology for the future powertrain S. 1289-1298

„… sintering the process of surface densification follows. A common method is rotary rolling of the sintered …” „… a promising heat treatment method. A hard finishing process, e.g. gear honing or gear grinding …” „… mesh is lower since smooth surfaces are achieved during rolling. Back to back tests for combination …”

A. Şorea, F. Buus Bendixen Reluctance magnetic gear – Magnetic gears, no longer toothless S. 615-622

„… and mechanical gears in terms of performance, reliability and features. Design, simulations and tests …” „… reluctance magnetic gear 7. Test stand In order to prove the results of the simulations, the gear also …” „… needed to be measured. To do so, a test stand (Fig. 7) was built using two arms, one on the housing and …”

J. Fechler, M. Böhm, S. Aberle, V. Merz A contribution to the NVH behavior of plastic gears in automotive applications S. 1531-1540

„… orientation of reinforcements have been tested. This was done by a modal analysis (figure 6). Fig. 6: Test …” „… acoustic behavior of the problem and use suitable analysis methods to objectively measure the failure mode …” „… fully automated in line test was created to check the acoustic quality of each part. The structure borne …”

A. Kahraman, H. Ligata Effects of external splines on deformations of ring gears of planetary gear sets S. 341-352

„… small truck transmission was adapted as the test planetary gear set in this study. Parameters of this …” „… radius where oR and iR are the major (outside) and minor (root) radii of the ring gear. This test ring …” „… gear had a rim thickness parameter of 0.058 . As described in detail in Ref. [6], the test …”

T. Utakapan, B. Kohn, M. Fromberger, M. Otto, K. Stahl Evaluation of gear noise behaviour with application force level S. 695-706

„… test rig or an in-situ gearbox, where the noise behaviour of the real gearbox can be evaluated under …” „… force level can be classified into 3 types (methods) according to the completeness of dynamic influences …” „… excitations is called the estimation according to method C (LA,F,C). In many cases, dynamic influences of …”

A. Carbonelli, J.-Y. Guerder Computing and minimizing the whining noise – Application to a bogie gearbox S. 517-526

„… gearbox (whining noise). This work presents an efficient method to model the whining noise. The two main …” „… procedure [7 - 8]. The original spectral iterative method has been extended in order to take into account …” „… geometry of the housing to minimize its vibration, stiffness of gear bearings…) or to test many different …”

H. Yakaria Gear Data Exchange (GDE) – goLive S. 1235-1246

„… recalculated for validation purpose using other calculation method such as FEA-based methods. The data …” „… transmission sector, the new evaluation methods of gear quality has been developed and fixed in the internal …” „… the manufacturing, such as the test sector of the transmissions. Fig. 11 shows the huge potential of …”

Z. Roth, J. Opferkuch High load capacity gear root fillet contour with a bézier curve S. 719-732

„… tension triangle method for optimizing notches. This method is published in his book “Verborgene …” „… ground can be perfectly simulated with this method, as shown in Fig. 1. For easy mathematical treatment …” „… triangle method for smoothing out the roots of spur wheels has been developed by Voith as early as 2009 …”

A. von Freyberg, A. Fischer Automatic geometry segmentation of involute flank regions S. 1015-1024

„… proven measuring methods as well as analysis software exist for determining geometric deviations and …” „… worm gears, chain wheels or special gears, and many proven measuring methods as well as analysis …” „… , special measuring devices for double flank composite action tests are used. Fig. 1: Tip relief with …”

G. Goch, K. Ni, Y. Peng, A. Günther Paradigm change in cylindrical gear metrology using areal measurement and evaluation S. 1025-1038

„… test and a basis for discussion of areal evaluation methods and areal deviation parameters, proposed in …” „… orthogonal polynomials. This paper primarily will be focused on the mathematical methods to obtain areal …” „… principle of an optical sensor, three types of sensing methods are categorized: pointwise, line-oriented …”

K. Matsuo, Y. Suzuki, K. Fujiki Accuracy analysis of workpiece and tool in the hobbing process using Taguchi Method S. 1331-1342

„… Accuracy analysis of workpiece and tool in the hobbing process using Taguchi Method Dipl.-Ing …” „… the first process of hobbing that facilitates this manufacturing method. The authors previously …” „… process were investigated and made clear using the hobbing simulation and the Taguchi Method. 1 …”

P. Garambois, E. Rigaud, J. Perret-Liaudet Robust optimization of gear macro and micro-geometries in order to minimize static transmission error and gear stiffness fluctuations S. 927-938

„… method for the multi-objective optimization of gear macro and microgeometry parameters in order to …” „… process. The optimization is performed using a genetic algorithm that tests a lot of different gears. The …” „… provides a decision help tool for the designer. The method is illustrated with a reverse gear. 1 …”

C. Brecher, C. Löpenhaus, J. Pollaschek Influence of surface layer properties on tooth root bending strength of cylindrical gears S. 421-432

„… offered by modern construction materials, calculation methods for component strength must rely on a …” „… lead conventional design methods towards larger dimensioned and therefore heavier gears. Calculation …” „… methods that empower an accurate depiction of local load and material properties are able to safely push …”

M. Schwenk, J. Hoffmeister, J. Hermes Prediction of local load carrying capacity for gears – a materials science approach S. 989-1002

„… derived, which will be explained further on. Finite Difference Method Case hardening, with its main sub …” „… implicit Crank-Nicolson method and for further information the authors refer to [4]. Fig. 2: Different …” „… curvatures of a component and corresponding parameters for 1-D Finite Difference Methode [5] The second term …”

Y. Wang, B. Peng, G. Liu, L. Liu Design of transmission accuracy of the involute cylindrical gear-worm gear system under large temperature difference based on FE method S. 491-502

„… Temperature Difference Based on FE Method Y. Wang, B. Peng, CALTR&D Center, China Academy of Launch …” „… influenced. In this paper, the finite element analysis method is adopted to the structural analysis of …” „… of a variety of mechanical equipment, these two classical transmission methods are usually combined …”

I. Moriwaki, R. Kikuchi, D. Iba, M. Nakamura, M. Nagatsuka Contact pattern control with simple cutter motion in face-milling of zerol bevel gears using 5-axis machine S. 1379-1390

„… calculations need longer computation time. Therefore, we took a simplified method in which the minimum …” „… conjugate action. We believe that even the simplified method could be useful in the effect of machine …” „… . 2294, 2017 1389 Unfortunately, no practical cutting tests have been performed at present. We plan to …”

J. J. Liou, S. Rakuff The development of worm drives S. 503-516

„… , investment, or sand cast methods [8, 9]. Fig. 2 shows the microstructure of the cast tin bronzes consisting …” „… . The manufacturing methods of steel worms rely on the tread profile selected. Worms now can be turned …” „… tangential to the base cylinder. This is the similar method used to cut screw threads. Worms can be ground …”

B. Guilbert, P. Cutuli, P. Velex Hybrid dynamic model of hollow thin-rimmed gears S. 623-634

„… illustrated in Fig. 9. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 2017630 Fig. 8: Test Case B and C for new hole …” „… are different depending on the web geometry. It can be noted that the initial test case has a lower …” „… , D.N., A general purpose, multi-stage component modal synthesis method, Finite elements in analysis …”

K. Togai, N. Fujinaga A reduced order internal combustion engine model for transmission development S. 1191-1198

„… torque control measures. For speed tracking application, e.g. emission test cycle simulation, sometimes …” „… Fourier transfer is one of applicable methods to generate the torque profile. Truncation up to eighth …”

M. Brumm, H. Müller Cyber physical gear production system – Vision of industry 4.0 gear production S. 1209-1218

„… material. The strength of the material was determined by standard tests on standard reference gear …” „… out of the GDE protocol what evaluation method was used during gear inspection. This avoids …”

E. Chiappetta, D. Morrey Non-standard spur gear tooth profiles for improved epicyclic gear system performance in low speed applications S. 825-834

„… element method. The gear design approach followed is based on the simple assumption that tooth size is …” „… During Pitting Tests. April-June 2012, Vol. XXXIV, No.2/. pp 135-144 VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 2017834 …”

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Plastics in Automotive Engineering 2017

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 4348 2017

Results in this title

J. Guenther, D. Malecha, J. Reinicke New surfaces and difficulties in applying existing test methods S. 45-56

„… New surfaces and difficulties in applying existing test methods Dipl.-Ing. J. Guenther …” „… qualification and testing of new surfaces in the form of test methods for automotive OEMs, taking the example …” „… of the cross-hatch adhesion test. Introduction The most varied methods have long been used to …”

J. Götzelmann Bumper in thin-wall technology: an update regarding materials, processes, and technology innovations S. 75-90

„… tests. Here there are significant differences on account of 82 the test methods. Although the …” „… deformations of the bumper fascia in climatic and vibration tests have been reduced to an acceptable level …” „… application technology with process-reliable painting and welding methods. In addition, system suppliers …”

M. Franzen, G. Oberhofer, R. Schwarzer Improved crash simulation of endless-fiber-reinforced thermoplastics – organic sheets S. 109-120

„… CAE models with the test data in terms of measured force-deflection curves and observed material …” „… development process. For the crash simulations the explicit Finite Element Method (FEM) has been applied for a …” „… long time. However this process can only be successful when the numerical methods are capable and …”

J. Reddemann, H. Seifert Energy-efficient production of thermoplastic CFRP parts by one-step direct processing S. 135-144

„… in-mold impregnation method. 136 2. The in-mold impregnation process Research was carried out into the …” „… impregnation method the heat is generated directly in the reinforcing fibers. Here the electrical resistance …” „… of test pieces Textile structures, which exhibit marked inhomogeneities during resistance heating …”

R. Korn, T. Reußmann 3-D direct deposition of reinforcement fibers in the fiber blowing process – State of the art in natural fiber processing S. 145-156

„… Reduction in production waste This method has only a few process steps and offers many degrees of freedom …” „… the production of fiber-reinforced plastic components by the 3D fiber-blowing method were carried out …” „… consumption. In addition to the development and qualification of the 3D fiber-blowing method for the direct …”

G. Prautzsch, T. Stier, T. Coeln Electrochemical corrosion and its prevention with polyamides S. 241-244

„… correspondingly tests the raw materials and the finished compound. At the time when work started no such method …” „… realistically expectable service life therefore plays an ever-increasing rôle. Over the years tests and …” „… engine test benches in the automotive industry where 3000 hours of continuous running with different …”

A. Liebsch, R. Kupfer, M. Gude, P. Müller, N. Andricevic Hollow profiles, organo-sheets and LFRT node structures: hybrid components made of fiber-reinforced plastics for automotive serial production S. 215-226

„… weight is offered by highly integrative construction methods with a combination of torsionally and …” „… required in functionalizing FPC hollow profiles with molding compound before this new construction method …” „… dynamic tests were carried out on an acceleration sled in order to validate the functioning of the …”

E. Spini, A. Bernasconi A demonstrator for the experimental assessment of the through-process modeling of injection-molded parts made of short-fiber-reinforced polymers S. 179-190

„… tests conducted on simple specimens to the assessment of the real parts. We have designed a mold for …” „… bending conditions. By simulating the test conditions, the designer can compare experimental results with …” „… ‘demonstrator’. 180 Computations were performed using a method known as Through-Process Modeling (TPM …”

W. Schijve, G. Francato, R. Yaldiz True confidence in thermoplastic composite simulations for any automotive component S. 299-312

„… , robust predictability procedures are not yet state of the art. For this reason, a test component was …” „… injection-overmolding material. Current simulations now show good agreement with test results and as such give …” „… production in this industry. In addition, new predictive methods need to be developed providing the necessary …”

J. Gómez-Monterde, J. Hain, M. Ll. Maspoch Characterization of microcellular plastics for weight reduction in automotive interior parts S. 165-178

„… injection-molding techniques emerge as a promising method of reducing weight in plastic components. The present …” „… only partially in defined areas of interest. 3. Materials and methods - Material. A 20 …” „… direct calcination method, following the guidelines set by the ISO 3451-1 standard. - Mechanical …”

O. Mende The underbody: an underestimated contribution to CO2 reduction S. 57-74

„… means being able to avoid a corresponding fine. When the worldwide harmonized light 63 vehicles test …” „… tests under everyday operating conditions meant that a panel was needed that had to be stronger than a …” „… the 2015 Touran. In its production this differs from conventional methods. A multi-layered …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XI

„… and difficulties in applying existing test methods Dipl.-Ing. J. Guenther, Dipl.-Ing. D. Malecha, J …” „… , Kirchhoff Automotive Deutschland GmbH, Attendorn 109 Methods Innovative processing of thermoplastic …” „… Marbach Baier GmbH, Marbach am Neckar 229 Materials & Methods High-performance polypropylene: does PA 6 …”

M. Steinbach, J. Maier Methodological further development of weight reduction in vehicle interior trim parts – Current and future opportunities from an automaker's perspective S. 21-34

„… new construction and simulation methods but also by the use of new technologies and materials. In …” „… production method must be selected very carefully and the best possible balance achieved between weight …” „… by the selection of the raw material but also by which production method is selected and, associated …”

R. Apfelbeck, S. Müller Application of organo-sheets in underbody components: cost- and weight-optimized off-road package S. 245-256

„… satisfied. Fig. 8: Testing the underbody on the off-road test track In the event of an impact-like …” „… . Different production methods in combination allow a high degree of design freedom and also offer the …”

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Commercial Vehicles 2023

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2417 2023

Results in this title

F. Beringhoff, C. Rösener A Method for Automatic Test Realization for Automated Vehicles S. 179-190

„… A Method for Automatic Test Realization for Automated Vehicles Felix Beringhoff, M.Sc., Dr.-Ing …” „… durch einen Dauerlauf in der realen Welt ist nur unter immensen Aufwand möglich. Der Test automatisch …” „… fahrender Fahrzeuge bedarf deshalb neuer Methoden, um den Testbedarf der komplexen Funktionen gerecht zu …”

N. Büteröwe, G. Müller, S. Müller, H. Ulmer, S. Reetz Road-Tire Friction Potential Estimation for Heavy-Duty Vehicles S. 217-228

„… friction potential estimation method. Fig. 5: Friction potential estimation results for the test …” „… without additional vehicle sensors: A novel cause-based method for predictive estimations applied to a …” „… . Im Rahmen dieses Papers werden Ergeb-nisse von Fahrversuchen, die Methode der …”

B. Lehner What is the UN-R 167 Direct Vision Standard S. 241-246

„… virtual test method is mandatory, unlike in other regulations, while the physical method, being very …” „… driver. The advantage of this volume based assessment method is that it can be applied to a wide variety …” „… of vehicle types and designs without interfering to much with design neutrality. Test methodology …”

F. Domprobst, J.-F. Beaupère Learnings of the 2nd year of CO2 reporting by OEMs S. 153-164

„… , finally defined, and coded by TU Graz. Each component is meas-ured by a standard method, and test results …” „… trucks in Europe. It took some years to define the best method to monitor and declare the VDI-Berichte Nr …” „… measured a standard deviation of 0.7L/100km on 40 repetitions in one analytical test and 1L/100km in …”

F. Schweizer, T. Pflanz, M. Wagenblast, W. Tegethoff, J. Köhler, F. Breuer, L. Frerichs Fuel cell electric drive concept for heavy-duty commercial vehicles S. 123-140

„… GmbH umfassen die Auslegung, Konstruktion und Tests des Wasserstoff-Speichersystems sowie die Fertigung …” „… simulation-based system design is a powerful method to handle the complex drivetrain of the fuel cell truck, even …” „… in the early project phase. This method assumes a simulation model that mathe-matically maps the …”

J. Heseding, P. Meyer-Roesler, D. Rasch Virtual Type-IIa – Software product for homologation of commercial vehicle BEV without additional hardware S. 93-104

„… . Type-IIa Tests, der gewährleisten soll, dass eine ausreichende Dauerbremsfähigkeit des Fahrzeugs …” „… to fulfill the so called Type-IIa tests during homologation according to the underlying ECE R-13 …” „… regulation. This test shall ensure a proper endurance brake capability of the vehicle. For NEV this endurance …”

J. Schöning, N. Kruse AI-Supported Assessment of Load Safety S. 67-80

„… in the new survey. Initial pre-run tests found that overfitting occurs very early in the training …” „… process with the given data. The preliminary test with the InceptionV3 architecture showed, as illustrated …” „… showed comparable effects in the same preliminary tests before they reached the de-sired metrics in terms …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XII

„… , Santa Clara, USAA Method for Automatic Test Realization for Automated Vehicles F. Beringhoff, C. Rösener …”

C. J. J. Bellingwout, J. Schleicher Reducing vehicle emissions for vehicles that are already on the road or on the drawing board S. 141-152

„… methods and additional functionalities. To add data security, different access levels are possible …” „… of any project there is a great freedom to test various approaches and concepts. The further down the …” „… in the process, two new concepts or production methods need to be compared. Because this is exactly …”

K. Beck, H. Flämig, R. Höger, R. Schindhelm Non-driving related activities in heavy goods vehicles with SAE Level 3 and 4 – An attempt to systematise S. 205-216

„… for the takeover, many driving simulator tests would be needed to be able to provide the estimated …” „… , N. u. Fuest, T.: Method development and interaction cognitive driver take-over ability after piloted …” „… of automated driving - Part 1: Common Underlying Concepts [30] Methodische Aspekte und aktuelle …”

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LAND.TECHNIK AgEng 2023

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2427 2023

Results in this title

J. C. Krause, N. Iqbal, M. Niemeyer, B. Thy, L. Plagge, H. Hollmeier, A. Ruckelshausen, S. Röttgermann, A. Tauber, J. Herbers, S. Menke, J. Hertzberg AI-TEST-FIELD – A Test Environment for the Automated Evaluation of Methods for Robust and Reliable Environment Perception S. 547-554

„… AI-TEST-FIELD – A Test Environment for the Automated Evaluation of Methods for Robust and …” „… . et. al.: Concept and Realization of a Novel Test Method Using a Dynamic Test Stand for Detecting …” „… objects like humans in the surroundings of a working machine is crucial. On the AI-TEST-FIELD typical …”

L. Angelucci, M. Mattetti, F. Pinet, A. Vertua Traction test methods to assess the energy efficiency of agricultural tractors and tires S. 263-268

„… Traction test methods to assess the energy efficiency of agricultural tractors and tires Leonardo …” „… indicated as WFTs were installed for measuring dynamic wheel loads. 3. Materials and method Tests were …” „… , University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; François Pinet, Manager Test Beyond Road, Manufacture Française des …”

F. Gerdes, L. Frerichs, A. Eitzlmayr, E. Karer, A. Feyrer, M. Hofer, D. Weberndorfer A comparison between conventional calibration experiments and the Excavator Test for DEM soil calibration S. 79-86

„… A comparison between conventional calibration experiments and the Excavator Test for DEM soil …” „… Landtechnik GmbH, Grieskirchen, Austria Abstract The discrete element method (DEM) is a suitable simulation …” „… method for the investigation and the development of soil tillage tools. The basis of valid simulation …”

F. M. Appich, P. M. Roth, S. Böttinger, A. Bürger, A. Diekamp Frictional characteristics of wheat straw under varying contact pressure S. 161-168

„… methods are a valuable tool for reducing the costs and time requirements of experimental investigations …” „… . These methods allow for the use of a digital prototype in design decisions during the product …” „… interactions with organic material. The successful application of simulation methods requires parameterizing …”

S. Geißler, T. Herlitzius Simulation of filling and venting operations in agricultural cold heat networks by using CFD and the Volume of Fluid method S. 417-424

„… the Volume of Fluid method Determination of velocity limits for overcoming obstacles in simulation …” „… and laboratory tests Dipl.-Ing. S. Geißler, Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. T. Herlitzius, Technische …” „… laboratory tests, a functional procedure that can be realized has to be developed. For this purpose, a …”

V. N. Nguyen, W. Cho, K. Tokuda Outdoor computer vision for aiding agricultural implement hitching by autonomous tractor S. 533-540

„… . Materials and Methods ArUco marker-based computer vision The camera utilized in 3D pose estimation tests was …” „… established for localizing an implement with respect to a tractor. Bench tests and the tractor-implement …” „… hitching tests were conducted with different camera-marker offsets, camera exposure, and outdoor light …”

T. Anken, G. Saravanan, T. Waldburger, G. Sanderson, J. Werthmüller, R. Wohlhauser Lateral distribution of a spray drone applying different nozzles and measuring methods – Different methods are adapted to measure transverse distribution S. 497-504

„… Lateral distribution of a spray drone applying different nozzles and measuring methods Different …” „… methods are adapted to measure transverse distribution T. Anken, G. Saravanan, T. Waldburger, Agroscope …” „… , Switzerland Abstract In Switzerland, spraying drones have to pass a test which includes the measurement of …”

S. Belau, D. Neitemeier, J. Witte, T. Töniges, Y. Ehlert, Janina Amsbeck App based chop quality estimation for silage maize harvest quality optimization S. 321-326

„… , serves as a method for assessing kernel processing level. However, its drawback lies in the time required …” „… consumption, throughput, and wear. This study presents a method to estimate chop quality based on artificial …” „… ) or Corn Silage Fragmentation Index (𝑪𝑺𝑭𝑰) [3]. This laboratory method involves drying, sieving …”

C. A. Arévalo-Montaña, S. Böttinger Tractive effort prediction based on dynamic soil parameters S. 235-246

„… Methods and Materials In this paper, the Tyre-soft soil interaction refers to the transfer of longitudinal …” „… rolling resistance increases. This chapter introduces the methods for the in-field measurement of soil …” „… effort of an agricultural tyre is described. 3.1 Soil response to normal loads In the Sinkage test a …”

A. Tamrakar, M. Roberge Grain Handling Simulations in Combine Harvester – Simulation Development, Validation and Optimization S. 395-402

„… , a review of high-fidelity Discrete-Element Method (DEM) simulations used to model grain flow through …” „… development and validation, examples of particle calibration methods as well as qualitative and quantitative …” „… validation approaches that can be used to assess simulation results against physical test results are …”

C. Korn, T. Herlitzius, K. Lüpping, A. Afting Study on the use of DEM for the optimization of pelleting rollers S. 403-412

„… designed and validated in [3]. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is used in literature in order to model the …” „… in order to investigate breakage behavior of pellets [13]. Discrete Element Method (DEM) applications …” „… generation and broken particles, e.g. [8]-[11]. The method of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is used in …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XX

„… , FinlandTraction test methods to assess the energy efficiency of agricultural tractors and tires 263L. Angelucci …” „… , Eindhoven, The NetherlandsA comparison between conventional calibration experiments and the Excavator Test …” „… of Fluid method 417S. Geißler, T. Herlitzius, Technische Universität Dresden SustainabilityAn …”

C. Campanella User experience evaluation, based on Ergonomics and Virtual Reality tools on CNHi agricultural tractors S. 363-370

„… ” users’ body within a virtual scene, where it was possible to immediately test Usability and User …” „… . Thanks to this new method, CNHi can improve user Experience in driving/maintain/assemble the machine and …” „… integrates different methods for the acquisition of physical and physiological parameters, as follows:  Use …”

K. Blaylock, A. Irlbeck, B. Adams, A. Sporrer Systems Engineering Development and Analysis Approach to Improving Self-Propelled Sprayer Boom Height Control S. 489-496

„… test stand testing, and in-field data collection for performance evaluation, validation, and …” „… and (2) time inside boom height error band across repetitive, controlled test program operating …” „… sprayer as the application example. Materials and Methods Key Performance Indicators: Previous research …”

S. Becka CFD/DEM coupling for the optimization of air conveyor sections of pneumatic seed drills S. 413-416

„… , equipment options) can be evaluated with regard to the required fan power. Based on this, tests to prove …” „… via the riser pipe and the feed lines. The simulations were based on extensive bench tests. In these …” „… friction values determined on the basis of the test rig are finally input variables for the coupled …”

C. Meltebrink New approach for safe environmental perception – A key technology for highly automated and autonomous machines S. 227-234

„… published the validation method “REDA” which provides important insights into sensors in the new approach …” „… for safety solutions [4]. With the REDA and REDAM method, the detection capability of sensors for …” „… independently of the measurement principle. This unique feature of the method allows the system analysis of the …”

P. Riegler-Nurscher, M. Wenzlaff, H. Prankl, S. Stiene, R. Giaffreda Test Concepts AgrifoodTEF – The Test and Experimentation Facilities for AI and Robotics in the Agrifood sector S. 541-546

„… AgrifoodTEF – The Test and Experimentation Facilities for AI and Robotics in the Agrifood sector …” „… , Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy Abstract AgrifoodTEF is a network of test and validation …” „… accuracy of a remote sensing based yield estimation method using in-situ measurement can also be a service …”

T. Blume, L. Neumann Self-supervised learning for an agriculture driver assistant system S. 471-476

„… method for pixel wise classification of camera images. Precise labels are necessary to obtain accurate …” „… transformation into a 2D image VDI-Berichte Nr. 2427, 2023 473Test setup / Dataset creation For the experiments …” „… test samples. After that manual annotation was done for the test set. Additionally 1700 images have …”

S. Devos, B. Missotten Avoiding downtime on combine harvesters by monitoring its vibrations – A fast survey system for bearing health S. 155-160

„… vibrations. Therefore, we have designed and implemented a method to perform the health assessment under …” „… method to perform the health assessment of machine components under stable conditions. VDI-Berichte Nr …” „… bearings In this paper, we will show two cases where the method has been successfully applied on damaged …”

M. Hengst, T. Herlitzius, H. Fichtl, I. Mai, K. Ludwig Field Tests with the Modular and Scalable Tillage Systems Feldschwarm S. 555-XXII

„… Field Tests with the Modular and Scalable Tillage Systems Feldschwarm®1 Dipl.-Ing. Martin Hengst …” „… and transmitted by the control system "helyOS". The main aims were to adjust and test the entire …” „… under real conditions. The tests have been shown that the Feldschwarm®-system meets well the general …”

J. Maxa, S. Thurner, S. Pantke, E. Luber, K. Aulrich New technical approaches to produce high protein feed from alfalfa S. 455-462

„… ) was analysed. Materials and methods Study sites The test of new technical approaches to harvest …” „… study was to analyse and test two innovative technical approaches to harvest alfalfa leaves and plant …” „… ]. Recently, Liebhardt et al. [5] compared two methods of harvesting techniques in alfalfa – a leaf stripping …”

B. Teurlinx, T. Ruigrok, F. Tamminga, J. Ijsselmuiden, K. Bennin, Ö. Babur High Accuracy and High-Speed Crop Root Position Detection for Green-on-Green Mechanical Weeding S. 69-78

„… different detection methods, the resolution used was 640x640 pixels. To train, validate, and test the …” „… methods the dataset was split into a training set (80%), a validation set (10%), and a test set (10%). The …” „… obtained by using detection methods in combination with camera systems. This research presents three crop …”

G. Scotto di Vetta, J. Ladinger Work light modularity, research for real 360° visibility, focus on hidden areas to increase safety and performance for the customer S. 357-362

„… condition Physical Testing Methods Physical testing plays an important role in verifying the accuracy of …” „… the light development. The primary purpose of physical tests is a verification of simulation results …” „… by subjecting the system to real-world conditions, physical tests validate the reliability and …”

T. Herlitzius, H. Döll, M. Lindner Tyre testing methodology to evaluate contact pressure distribution and simulation of the resulting soil compaction risk S. 247-254

„… at Dresden’s tyre test stand with the purpose to assess tractor tyres of the dimension 650/65R42 in …” „… subjected to representative wheel loads in the test rig and the resulting contact surfaces area and contact …” „… conditions of the tyres, the classical full fac-torial test plan, which generates maps of contact areas for …”

K. Kivekäs, A. Lajunen R. Stirnimann#S. Gfeller High-fidelity simulation modelling of agricultural mobile robots S. 255-262

„… utilized test cycle. Overall, the developed model was found to be well-suited for the development of …” „… approaches have included utilizing advanced physics-based techniques such as the Discrete Element Method (DEM …” „… tools for creating multibody models as well as multiple methods for modelling a deformable terrain for a …”

W. Kath-Petersen, P. Müller “GrindStar“ – More efficiency, effectiveness, and economy with ultrashallow soil cultivation S. 63-68

„… . Consequently, increasing emphasis is being placed on mechanical methods to reduce weed competition with the …” „… context – Material and methods The GrindStar was developed with numerous objectives of post-harvest …” „… two of the four scenarios in order to test and compare its effect in the sequence of subsequent …”

E. Eder, U. C. Bicici, P. Riegler-Nurscher Evaluating the work quality of in-row hoeing systems using computer vision methods S. 477-482

„… Discussion To show the application of the method, a weeding test with 24 sample points on maize was conducted …” „… Evaluating the work quality of in-row hoeing systems using computer vision methods Elias Eder …” „… control to meet the needs of farmers and the environment. The presented method uses so-called Panoptic …”

H. Keränen, M. Gorius, J. Witte, T. Nothdurft AEF Wireless In-Field communication – Ad hoc V2V Video Communications S. 379-388

„… , a push-button method, near-field communication (NFC) between devices or device and a compliant RFID …” „… 3815. The test setupTwo Valtra tractors, shown in Fig. 2, each 3.4m high were used in the test. The …” „… is called“rx-tractor” or “rx-side” in this document. The test were performed on SATEL MCCU-TB …”

B. Kazenwadel, S. Becker, L. Michiels, M. Geimer Data-driven algorithms for predicting energy-efficient operating points in agricultural soil tillage S. 519-528

„… state. Field tests were conducted to evaluate the algorithms under varying soil types and operating …” „… demonstrate the method by optimizing the operating speed during soil tillage. The operating speed influences …” „… algorithm (SAC) and is therefore applicable for continuous control problems [7]. Specific tests were …”

M. Mattetti, L. Angelucci The development of a reference working cycles for agricultural tractors S. 15-20

„… tractor’s use in a few hours allowing engineers to design and test next-generation powertrains …” „… nonroad mobile machinery available are ISO 8178, ramped modal test cycles (RMC), and nonroad engine …” „… , 202316Materials and Methods The methodology was applied on the tractor New Holland T7.260 rated of 181 kW …”

S. Bosse, J. Magnusson, E. L. Wisotzky, A. Hilsmann, P. Eisert, E. Gassen, M. Reichardt, A. Stein, J. Heil, M. Hussaini Platform-Based and AI-Enabled Farming to Foster Agricultural Ecosystems S. 441-454

„… continuously recording data today that is used for process optimization. AI methods promise to pave the way for …” „… hand, AI methods need to be adapted to agricultural use cases. On the other hand, domain-specific data …” „… methods for controlling cultivation equipment, and on the other hand, overarching Smart Farming and …”

B.-G. Hülle, S. Böttinger, M. Racs, T. Schempp Design and development of adaptive control elements on agricultural tractors based on ISOBUS communications S. 275-282

„… association is to create additional test definitions for ISOBUS and to promote cross-manufacturer …” „… manufacturers can connect and test their components [8]. The AEF, along with other organisations, now offers a …” „… compliance test that, if passed, will provide the manufacturer with a certificate for their product [10]. The …”

P. Behr, E. Olcay, M. Maier, T. Oksanen Condition Monitoring in Agricultural Disc Mower Machinery using Deep Learning S. 117-124

„… consistently improved to create diagnosis methods that rely on data. These methods help machines figure out …” „… discussed. 2 Method 2.1 Data setup and collection In this research, we set up an experiment using a Krone …” „… Preprocessing with CWT and log spectogram of 200 ms vibrational data segments Two distinct methods were employed …”

R. Grimm, M. Kügle, F. Kattler, J. Mayer, A. Fekete, M. Sepp Classifying tractor operational modes using a supervised machine learning model S. 93-108

„… collected during field tests conducted with high-horsepower Fendt tractors. We iteratively refine the …” „… classification model are obtained from the AGCO Fendt field test high horsepower tractor fleet, for which …” „… implement usage is documented in diaries daily. As features, which serve to train, test, and predict the …”

F. C. Eichhorn, J. Becker Efficient and Reliable Employment of Stereo Cameras in Precision Agriculture S. 333-340

„… RGB monocular images for LiDAR depth map completion and emphasize the application of their method in …” „… distance from camera to crop. In the following, we will present our approach to adapt the method of [5] for …” „… if the requirements for framerate are relatively low. Our approach is to optimize the method in [5 …”

J. Engström, A. Örde, A. Hägglund, J. Jansson, L. Johansson, H. Andersson Modular battery swap system as an enabler for fossil free mobile work machines S. 313-320

„… will have access to electrical energy. New methods of supplying VDI-Berichte Nr. 2427, 2023 313vehicles …” „… startup Traktorarvid together with RISE, here during tests at RISE Testbed Digitalised agriculture in …” „… , but this needs to be further tested in practical operation. During early tests it has pulled a 5,5 m …”

C. Hurd, J. Hollinger, T. Schuster, R. Schildroth Deploying Off-Road Autonomy at Scale S. 463-470

„… requirements and safety analysis, architectural design, implementation, test and verification, deployment, and …” „… we learned the importance of having other methods for constraining estimated location. ○ It is …” „… important to rigorously test across the entire input space, including edge cases ○ A single blade of grass …”

A. Lajunen Numerical simulation of alternative powertrains and fuels in agricultural tractors S. 29-38

„… modelling and simulation tools provide efficient and reasonably accurate methods for assessing and comparing …” „… , fuelling infrastructure and costs [12]. Numerical simulation was used as the research method for the …” „… evaluate the operational performance. Materials and Methods Development of simulation models The …”

F. Wohlfahrt, P. Heymann Potentials of Functional-electrified System Topologies for the Powertrain Design on Combine Harvester Applications S. 341-348

„… . In this regard simulative and testbench-based methods for the analysis and optimization of such …” „… benefits of the system are discussed by performed in-field-tests in comparison to a conventional combine …”

R. R. Shamshiri, E. Navas, V. Dworak, R. Fernández, T. Schütte, C. Weltzien Teleoperation of an Agricultural Mobile Robot inside Berry Orchard using LoRa Connectivity S. 191-198

„… tests were carried out to determine the quality of the LoRa communication link between the robot and the …” „… desired target point in the simulation. This provided a relatively simple yet efficient method for …”

L. Reuter, L. Frerichs Simulation of refueling strategies for a hydrogen operated tractor in agricultural process chains S. 283-288

„… process simulation. The overall model of the agricultural process simulation method consists of two …” „… of approx. 5 percent is achieved compared to the current status. With the forthcoming test deployment …”

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Land.Technik AgEng 2017

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2300 2017

Results in this title

J. Karner, C. Danner, A. Kerschbaumer, H. Prankl Definition of a test method to evaluate vibrations acting on a tractor driver S. 255-262

„… Definition of a test method to evaluate vibrations acting on a tractor driver Dr. Jürgen Karner …” „… an objective test method “Wieselburg vibration test-cycle” with specified driving cycles including …” „… . 4 Summary and Outlook The presented test method defines driving conditions for whole-body-vibration …”

K. Szalay, L. Kovács, G. Bércesi, I. Oldal, E. Piron, J. Charlat, T. Joly, C. Poncet, F. Tran Agricultural Tire Energy Efficiency test method and dedicated equipment to measure the fuel consumption and traction of agricultural tires under real field conditions S. 407-416

„… Agricultural Tire Energy Efficiency test method and dedicated equipment to measure the fuel …” „… the standardized test method have been jointly and gradually developed by the NARIC Hungarian …” „… the ENTAM network, as described in [1]. This test method allows coming up with a dimensionless …”

D. Engelmann, M. R. Unger, M. Geimer Testing and Benchmarking a Powertrain with Independent Wheel Control for Heavy Machinery S. 303-314

„… the system design phase and continuously supporting the development process. MOBiL - A test method …” „… introduce “MOBiL” , a hardware-in-the-loop method adapted for mobile machinery. The MOBiL method will be …” „… explained to bring out the differences in modelling and test procedures compared to on-road …”

S. Pantke, C. Korn, T. Herlitzius, R. Zürn Concept for Weed Seed Separation in Combine Harvesters Th. Leonhardt, S. 117-126

„… . This methode is described in the following chapter, the corresponding test rig is shown in Fig. 10 …” „… combines.Two methods to separate weed seeds in combine harvesters are tested. On the one hand, a …” „… particles is investigated. The tests are carried out with different parameters to find the optimal settings …”

J. Berberich, M. Huth, A. Feiffer, R. Tölle, U. Schmidt Online determination of hectolitre mass during threshing by analyzing air-filled pore volume in grain fills S. 491-496

„… Abstract Determination of hectolitre mass is a traditional and wide spread method to get fast information …” „… about grain quality. Using various analyzing methods in different countries can refer to divergent …” „… why a new method has been developed by Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and the promethano GmbH, Berlin …”

A. Bürger, S. Böttinger Driving comfort analysis of an agricultural tractor with the Hohenheim Tyre Model on complex tracks S. 263-272

„… test methods. Accompanying the design process of a tractor, simulation models of these vehicles can …” „… of the development process, virtual methods based on the objective evaluation of vibration values …” „… can be used. This paper presents a method to objectively evaluate the driving comfort of an …”

W. Stark, C. Pieke Efficiency Optimization by Using “Vehicle in the Loop” Test Methodology S. 399-406

„… stationary PTO power measurement during the stationary PTO test. This method allows testing tractors with …” „… road. This test is considered as a method to determine fuel consumption data under real field and …” „… order to recognize the deviation between the two test methods a deep analysis of the Power Mix1.0 …”

J. Ettl, H. Bernhardt, K. Thuneke, E. Remmele, P. Emberger, G. Huber Real driving emissions of tractors during field work and on the test stand S. 391-398

„… Real driving emissions of tractors during field work and on the test stand M.Sc., Dipl.-Ing. J …” „… ploughing into test cycles. The test cycles are applied at the tractor, which is connected to an eddy …” „… the test stand replicated values can be observed for three repetitions. The specific emission values …”

G. Happich, H. J. Nissen ISOBUS Automation – On the Road to TIM – How to secure liability for open TIM systems S. 469-476

„… identification the AEF decided to create the project team “ISOBUS Automation” to develop and define methods and …” „… acceptable level. The processes and methods are formulated in an AEF Guideline [4], and shall include all …” „… risks affects the work of other AEF project teams, such as the “Conformance Test”, “Engineering and …”

K. Wild, T. Schmiedel, D. Geißler, J. Rottmeier A hand-held measuring device for identifying the sharpness of knives in agricultural machinery S. 497-504

„… measurement method is based on detecting the force which is necessary to cut through a test medium. As test …” „… measuring methods [4], [5], [6], [7]. Up to now there is no system available which can be bought by a …” „… machines with a sufficient accuracy. 2 Principle of Operation The applied method for the developed …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XVII

„… Vehicle Dynamics J. Karner, Definition of a test method to evaluate vibrations acting on 255 C. Danner, a …” „… , Agricultural Tire Energy Efficiency test method and 407 L. Kovács, dedicated equipment to measure the fuel …” „… developments, and technical concepts and methods as a foretaste of the firework of impressions at the …”

C. Korn, T. Herlitzius Coupled CFD-DEM simulation of separation process in combine harvester cleaning devices S. 199-210

„… – Discrete Element Method) for the simulation of the separation process of grain and material other than …” „… applicability of the numerical method by the comparison to corresponding experiments in general. However …” „… , which is not efficient. Those tests are time-consuming, expensive, hard to reproduce and rarely enable …”

P. Riegler-, J. Karner, J. Huber, G. Moitzi, H. Wagentristl, M. Hofinger, H. Prankl A system for online control of a rotary harrow using soil Nurscher, roughness detection based on stereo vision S. 559-566

„… cultivation, a seed drill combination with a rotary harrow is the standard method for sowing grain. The aim …” „… geometry of the harrow tines and soil properties. We propose a method based on a stereo vision system …” „… many machine vision based methods have been published. All these methods share the reconstruction of …”

B. Jung, B. Miller, T. Herlitzius Control concepts for ride comfort improvements of harvesting machines with large headers S. 273-280

„… from simulations and field tests are presented in order to give insights in the improvement potential …” „… of an early command shaping method, known as posicast control, is shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 2 …” „… : Posicast control working principle, as shown in [3] This method takes a baseline command and delays part …”

S. Meyer, M. Liebich, P. Martella Counting seeds in air seeders zu Hoberge, S. 323-328

„… methods to deliver highly accurate counting results at seed frequencies of up to 10,000 bouncing events …” „… addressed and updated on the field. There are also many diagnostic functions, like the built-in self test …” „… seeder to achieve better seed distribution. Different visualization methods can be used to monitor the …”

M. K. Sørensen, M. Beyer, O. Jensen, O. N. Bakharev, N. C. Nielsen, T. Nyord On-line monitoring of nutrients (NPK) in liquid manure by a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) sensor installed at a slurry spreader S. 545-552

„… same tank of slurry. Chemical characterization using standard laboratory methods at the best, only …” „… extensive research in rapid monitoring of nutrient values which mainly have led to methods relying on …” „… before measurement. Material and method The essential parts of the NMR sensor for NPK monitoring is …”

N. Butts, B. Schleusner, M. Bremer Material and Distribution Sensor (MADS) for Combine Material Flow – How to design and build a low-cost material sensor S. 591-598

„… utilize large test stands that provide a snapshot of combine performance. The Material and Distribution …” „… Sensors are a novel method to determine where grain is flowing throughout a combine. The sensors are …” „… dropped on the sensor with a rate between 4 and 360 seeds/test. Each test was 15 seconds in length …”

Á. Kovács, I. J. Jóri, G. Kerényi A new discrete element model (DEM) for maize S. 211-218

„… there is no suitable simulation method that could predict the interactions among fibrous agricultural …” „… this paper. 1. Introduction One of the most efficient testing methods for agricultural machine …” „… these tests are usually limited in time and often prove to be very expensive. Numerical modelling of …”

F. Balbach, E. Nacke, S. Böttinger Method for load-based evaluation of machines using the example of a tractor S. 521-528

„… Method for load-based evaluation of machines using the example of a tractor M.Sc. Florian …” „… tractor condition difficult. This weakness demands for a new evaluation method taking into account …” „… ]. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2300, 2017 521 For these reasons there is a definite need to develop a method for a factor …”

J. Redenius, M. Dingwerth, A. Ruckelshausen, J. Hertzberg, T. Krause, B. Kettelhoit A multilevel simulation framework for highly automated harvest processes enabled by environmental sensor systems S. 157-164

„… Extensive field tests are necessary to represent the diversity of possible constellations in …” „… environment-based functions and cooperative processes in agriculture. Due to harvesting periods, such tests are …” „… tests cannot be reproduced. Environmental models can support the development process of machine control …”

T. Herlitzius, R. Hübner, A. Günther, C. Korn, S. Kirstein, S. Müller, J. Miunske Sensor study to identify process characteristics of crop and air flow in a combine harvester S. 583-590

„… numerous amount of tests was done to prove feasibility and applicability of the optical detection method …” „… turned out to be the preferred technology mix. A simplified test bed for baseline investigations was …” „… interaction as much as possible are under review. Preliminary tests of material flow detector The …”

P. Vervaet, M. Gandillet ‘2 in 1 tire’ technology to allow maximal efficiency of the transmission chain in both road and field usage S. 447-452

„… ] G.Fancello, K.Szalay : ‘Agricultural Tyre Energy Efficiency test method, link with specific fuel consumption …” „… ENTAM workgroup has defined a method to measure the Tire Efficiency in soft soil. This efficiency in …” „… of the tire to transmit high tractive efforts. o This performance can be measured in a test were 2 …”

J. Mengele Field test validation as part of the development of a narrow track tractor S. 417-422

„… Field test validation as part of the development of a narrow track tractor Dipl.-Ing. Agr …” „… increase of efficiency. Extensive field tests of several thousands of hours verify the engineering design …” „… it is important to do intensive tests in the field. Test farmers and test drivers evaluated the …”

M. L. Bilde, T. T. Revsbeck Optimized material flow and cleaning capacity with new return pan system in a combine harvester S. 105-110

„… threshing section and the separation section of the processor. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2300, 2017106 Method …” „… . The test results presented in the following sections are all gathered on a full-scale cleaning shoe …” „… test stand and in a controlled and repeatable lab test environment. A 70/30% grain/MOG mixture has …”

A. Johannes, M. Seitz Automatic plant disease diagnosis using mobile capture devices S. 39-60

„… to address automated plant disease identification by computerized visual diagnostic methods …” „… in combination with statistical inference methods. The resulting algorithm has been validated for …” „… varieties. Results from real field tests received AuCs (Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic …”

A. Sharda, R. Strasser, M. Rothmund Development and Utilization of a Planter Automatic Downforce Evaluation Test Stand to quantify System Response and Accuracy S. 345-354

„… Development and Utilization of a Planter Automatic Downforce Evaluation Test Stand to quantify …” „… ) develop a lab-based test stand to evaluate downforce system response time, accuracy, and downforce load …” „… downforce system using test stand under simulated real-field scenarios. A downforce system test stand was …”

R. Pecenka, D. Ehlert, T. Hoffmann Field performance of a novel mower-chipper for the harvest of short rotation coppices S. 383-390

„… the mower-chipper (EMC ~16 odt h-1) could be observed during the test. Wood chips produced with the …” „… from harvest tests with the mower-chipper MH-130 and two different forage harvester solutions have …” „… been analysed and compared in season 2015/2016. Materials and Methods The different machine …”

D. Hermann, F. Schøler, M. L. Bilde, N. A. Andersen, O. Ravn Computer based Control of the Separation Process in a Combine Harvester S. 599-604

„… throughput prediction method in [6]. Section 2 presents a novel overall distributed control architecture …” „… implementation of the control system is described. Section 4 and 5 presents simulation and field test results …” „… damage; see field test samples in Fig. 1b. An acoustic impact type sensor strip [1] with four membranes …”

A. Yatskul, J.-P. Lemiere Reasons of irregularity of seed’s distribution in the divider heads of air-seeders S. 337-344

„… , (1984). Sowing equipment-Test methods-Seed drills for sowing in lines. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2300, 2017 343 …” „… mostly empirical tests and statement of facts: acceptable solution or unacceptable with a lack of …” „… presented in [19]. Materials and methods for studies on experimental setup The study was carried …”

A. Meiners, S. Häberle, S. Böttinger Advancement of the Hohenheim Tractor Model – Adaption on current demands S. 245-254

„… fitting the project requirements. This paper thereby outlines a method for simulating machines and …” „… to [13] using a test tractor equipped with 2 measuring rims at the rear and one at the front axle …” „… second tractor constantly decelerating the test tractors. Thus, it will be possible to determine the …”

J. Sonnen, J. Möller The Technical Concept of a Manufacturer-Independent Web-Based Data Exchange Platform for the Agricultural Sector S. 73-78

„… stored. This unique and nondiscriminatory method of data transportation that can be combined and …” „… access to an agrirouter test environment in which they can test their app in relation to correct login …”

J. Engström, O. Lagnelöf Battery electric autonomous agricultural machine – Simulation of all operations on a Swedish farm S. 15-22

„… theoretical simulation by building a test platform where knowledge can be gathered about the problems and …” „… diesel tank. 3. Method This study investigates the feasibility of a battery electric and autonomous …” „… ) DLG, 2017. DLG Test Center Technology and Farm Inputs, DLG (Deutsche Landwirtschafts-Gesellschaft …”

C. Geiger, M. Geimer Efficiency Optimisation of a Forestry Crane by Implement Hydraulics with Energy Recovery S. 175-184

„… laboratory test setup as shown below was developed and installed following [6]. Thus, deviations in the …” „… of normalized loading cycles The laboratory test setup is shown in figure 4. Corresponding to the …” „… VDI-Berichte Nr. 2300, 2017178 Fig. 4: Laboratory test setup Fig. 5. Normalized position of inner boom …”

M. Peeters, V. Kloster, T. Fedde, L. Frerichs Integrated wheel load measurement for tractors S. 423-430

„… allowed settings could also be optimized. 2. State of the Art Different methods for an integrated …” „… because of friction, as mentioned above. Figure 6 shows measurements of a tractor in field-test, equipped …” „… same compared to standstill. In field-tests with a semi-mounted cultivator changes of the axle load …”

G. M. Sharipov, D. S. Paraforos, H. W. Griepentrog, C. Gall Defining the dynamic performance of a no-till seeder by measuring the geo-referenced seeding depth S. 329-336

„… Methods A 12-row no-till seeder with 25 cm inter-row distance (AMAZONEN-Werke H. Dreyer GmbH & Co. KG …” „… ) project. The project was conducted at the Max-Eyth Endowed Chair (Instrumentation & Test Engineering) at …”

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DRITEV – Drivetrain for Vehicles 2021

VDI-Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2381 2021

Results in this title

A. Drechsel, J. Pellkofer, K. Stahl, J. Sandor, M. Hein Development of a new test method to investigate the wear behaviour of hypoid gear oils S. 453-468

„… Development of a new test method to investigate the wear behaviour of hypoid gear oils M.Sc …” „… capacity of gears on the basis of physical or chemical oil data alone, experimental test methods are …” „… two sections ensuring a complete running-in. This paper presents the development of a new test method …”

M. Hein, J. Pellkofer, K. Michaelis, T. Tobie, K. Stahl, D. Kadach Test method A/16,6/90 with injection lubrication for discriminating different lubricants for dual-clutch transmissions S. 437-452

„… Test method A/16,6/90 with injection lubrication for discriminating different lubricants for …” „… Research Centre (FZG) is very active in the development of standardized test methods for evaluating the …” „… suitable test method for evaluating the scuffing load capacity of low-viscosity lubricants for DCT …”

A. Albers, M. Behrendt, J. Köber, T. Breitinger Development of a method for the automated validation of the shift quality of modern dual clutch transmissions on full-vehicle test benches S. 399-414

„… method for automated validation of shift quality on full vehicle test benches, the following chapter …” „… ] Albers, A.; Schwarz, A.; Behrendt, M. et al.: Time-Efficient Method for Test-Based Optimization of …” „… Development of a method for the automated validation of the shift quality of modern dual clutch …”

A. Fröhlcke, M. Felbermaier, A. Britten, P. Fietkau Finite element approach for analyzing noise and vibration in electric drives S. 47-60

„… method for various impact factors and confirms them with results from comparable experiments on the test …” „… a test stand (right). 6. Conclusion The FE-based simulation method presented in this paper …” „… with comparable test results on the test stand. The FE-based simulation method has the additional …”

A. Ramsauer, A. Pujari Frontloading for (Hybrid-) Transmission Integration at BMW S. 101-116

„… with shorter development cycles demands a more intensive use of virtual test methods and frontloading …” „… der vorgestellten Methode ist es, die Lücke zwischen der facettenreichen subjektiven Wahrnehmung und …” „… auf das subjektive Empfinden haben. Die Vorteile der Methodik werden durch die Auswertung von …”

R. R. Kasibhatla, P. Neidhardt, K. Caliskan Thermal Simulation according to Maturity Level in E-Drive Development S. 61-76

„… simulation differs. Additionally, the variety of system concepts and cooling methods requires special …” „… coupled system simulation, 3D-CFD/CHT simulations as well as validation tests, is necessary to support …” „… applications Thermal simulation of electric drivetrains can be performed based on two general methods. These …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XVI

„… conventional and electrifi ed drives Latest test methods for the validation of components Expectations of the …” „… Engineering (IMS), Technical University of Darmstadt f Tribological Systems Test method A/16,6/90 with …” „… GmbH, Marktoberdorf Development of a new test method to investigate the wear behaviour of hypoid gear …”

G. Gao, D. Schöneberger, S. Rinderknecht Development of an innovative and modular test bench to analyse gear shifts in electrified powertrains S. 415-436

„… Development of an innovative and modular test bench to analyse gear shifts in electrified …” „… powertrains Design approach, realization and use cases of the component test bench Guanlin Gao, M.Sc …” „… (Hardware-in-the Loop) Simulationen durchzuführen. Im Anschluss wird die Anwendung des Prüfstands zum Testen des …”

K. Seno Prediction for the service lives of drive-train units by model-based development with the measured operational conditions S. 561-566

„… mechanical components by elaborating an evaluation method called modelbased development in which operational …” „… system Simulation system Fig. 5 shows a schematic of the simulation system. it consists of test …” „… scenario model, controller model, network model, plant model. the test scenario model contains a driver …”

X. Zhang, F. Küçükay Driveability optimization of electrified powertrains utilizing machine learning based control and the interaction with ADAS/AD systems S. 361-376

„… objective assessment system with actual test data. A powertrain dynamics model including detailed EM model …” „… a test vehicle in the predevelopment stage. In recent years, we have conducted various vehicle …” „… concepts. At this point we have used existing data and machine learning method to develop a unified …”

D. Lechleitner, M. Hofstetter, M. Hirz, C. Gsenger, K. Huber Parking Lock Integration for Electric Axle Drives by Multi-Objective Design Optimization S. 303-318

„… basiert. Die vorgeschlagene Methodik wird anhand einer Fallstudie demonstriert und die Auswirkung der …” „… , an established computer-based system design method for e-drives by means of a multi-objective …” „… optimization is extended to be capable of considering the parking lock integration. The proposed method is …”

C. Schmidt, H. Dhejne, J. Karlsson High Efficient 2 speed e-Axle – Highly efficient and shiftable under load S. 145-158

„… high efficiency and performance repeatability. New simulation methods are required to obtain an …” „… based on the vehicle boundaries and driving cycles. Advance simulation methods like design of …” „… on virtual test bed already. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2381, 2021154 Fig. 8: Powershift sequence first to …”

J. Shutty, A. Moser, D. Gajowski Analysis of propulsion system architectures across vehicle segments and markets S. 23-34

„… are performed while varying the control parameters. Optimization methods are used, such as genetic …” „… WLTC: Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycle VDI-Berichte Nr. 2381, 202134 …”

S. Dussinger, T. Wiedemann, B. Harter, B. Wiedenmann Simulation of induced axial forces on planet gear bearings at example of ZF’s 8-speed automatic transmission S. 469-486

„… verification of the simulation method, a detailed plausibility check is carried out. Finally, a still ongoing …” „… on the thrust washers. In the context of lean validation and based on existing data from test stand …”

P. Barve Gear Design Challenges of 2-speed-AMT High Torque E-Drives S. 499-516

„… performance. The author presents a method to set up design requirements for these components to control their …” „… EV Hub Drive Using a Full Test and Simulation Methodology. Gear Technology, May 2016, 44 – 53 …”

M. Häßler, O. Werner The Pendulum Rocker Damper – Providing flexible damper characteristics for hybrid powertrains S. 329-346

„… . Roller Track Derivation The method to derivate appropriate roller tracks to achieve a desired torsional …” „… investigations on test rigs under real operating conditions and accompanying calculations on damage …”

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ELIV 2017

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2299 2017

Results in this title

R. Straschill, T. Schäfer Anwendung etablierter Methoden zur Quantifizierung von Testabdeckung zur Sicherstellung der Sicherheit selbstlernender Systeme /Accepting uncertainty – Applying proven methods for quantifying test res... S. 97-98

„… Accepting Uncertainty Applying proven methods for quantifying test results and test coverage …” „… ) system has seen an increase in applied test coverage in line with the increase in functional complexity …” „… homologating bodies alike are confronted with two main questions: Firstly, how can we assure a reasonable test …”

M. Giertzsch Softwaretestmethoden bei Opel – Nahtloses Testen vom C-Code hin zu Endnutzer- Anforderungen /Software test methods being used at Opel – Seamless testing from C-Code to high level feature requirements S. 95-96

„… Software test methods being used at Opel Seamless testing from C-Code to high level feature …” „… bottom-up is known as V-Model. This paper discusses, which test methods are utilized at Opel to verify the …” „… requirements. To ensure this, using a single test method is not sufficient. We need multiple test methods with …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XV

„… Challenges in battery development: The best fit 91 Methoden + Test P. Oel, F. Pohl, J. Timpner, B …” „… - Anforderungen Software test methods being used at Opel – Seamless testing from C-Code to high level feature …” „… proven methods for quantifying test results and test coverage to ensure safety compliance of …”

M. Herrmann, D. Dörr Echtzeitfähige Sensormodelle für den virtuellen Fahrversuch: Klassifikation und Anwendung in Entwicklung und Absicherung automatisierter Fahrfunktionen /Real-time-capable sensor models for virtual tes... S. 29-30

„… testing methods, as ever-larger test catalogs have to be managed within a short period of time. Testing …” „… scenario-based testing. In contrast to the conventional test method, i.e. signal-based testing, there are …” „… Real-Time-Capable Sensor Models for Virtual Test Driving Classification and Application in …”

R. Belke, G. Kiffe FEP – Functional Engineering Platform – Die Entwicklungsplattform der AUDI AG für Automatisiertes Fahren /FEP – Functional engineering platform – FEP solutions enabling the way to automated driving S. 27-28

„… methods to bring car functions on the road. The amount of test kilometers is astronomical high. The AUDI …” „… Different domains have to work together The methods, processes, and tools have to be adopted Since years …” „… important role because functions like intersection assistant is almost impossible to test in reality. The …”

P. Ginal, H. Dörr Testautomatisierung im praktischen Einsatz bei Valeo Siemens eAutomotive /Test automation at Valeo Siemens eAutomotive in practice S. 99-100

„… Test Automation at Valeo Siemens eAutomotive in Practice Peter Ginal, Valeo Siemens eAutomotive …” „… on, e.g., processes, methods, work products, and tools. Although these requirements shall support …” „… modern processes, methods, and tools, such as agile development, continuous integration, and automated …”

B. Hermann, K. Krumbiegel, M. Richter-Friedel, B. Schonlau Interaktive Spezifizierung und Validierung hochautomatisierter Fahrfunktionen in einer Mixed- Reality-Umgebung /Interactive specification and validation of highly automated driving functions in a mixe... S. 101-102

„… Abstract As digitization progresses, new virtualization methods are making it possible to simulate …” „… visualization, this tool already offers a broad scope of different functions. On the basis of test person …” „… numerous system tests, involving real persons and, for example, a physical prototype. In practice, studies …”

H. Abdellatif, B. Schick Virtuelle Homologation von softwareintensiven, sicherheitsrelevanten Systemen: vom ESP bis zum Automatisieren Fahren /Virtual homologation of software intensive safety system: From ESP to autonomous d... S. 31-32

„… , systems and components comply with the legal regulations. Test methods, responsible persons and proof of …” „… the tests must always be documented in detail. The legal authority may, at any time, review compliance …” „… 2007/46/EC Type approval, tests are based on United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN/ECE …”

F. Frank, J. Wilhelm, D. Schramm SoC-Swing basierte Optimierung von Fahrzeugbatterien unter Verwendung von Simulationen /SoC-Swing based optimization of automotive batteries using simulations S. 89-90

„… of a prototype to test with, a lot of iterations, including experts of every domain involved, are …” „… result in a varying electrical and thermal performance. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2299, 2017 89 The method used …”

Vorwort/Foreword S. 1-4

„… enabler technologies: Vehicle wiring system, methods and test, End2End architectures, security and user …”

N. Beringer, O. Koska Erweiterung der Sensorreichweite für Hochautomatisiertes Fahren: Ein neuer Ansatz zur Umfeldmodellierung /Extending the sensor range for highly automated driving: a new approach for environment modell... S. 17-18

„… currently being implemented as a prototype to be used in our test fleet. It combines techniques well …” „… information as described in [12] and [13]. This is quite an efficient method to provide highly accurate …”

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Reifen – Fahrwerk – Fahrbahn

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2438 2024

Results in this title

A. Daberkow, V. Barske, M. Aydogmus Innovative test and simulation methods for very light electric vehicles S. 133-146

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International Conference on Gears 2023

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2422 2023

Results in this title

B. Černe, N. Vukašinović, D. Zorko In-situ experimental methods for measuring tooth meshing displacements and wear during polymer gear tests using a high-speed camera with microscopy optics S. 1563-1580

„… processes taking place during a gear test. Using these methods is possible to assess the displacements and …” „… back-to-back method [9], a motor/brake configuration [10], or a twin-motor arrangement [11,12]. These test rig …” „… tooth thickness variation due to wear during test at M = 0.9 Nm and n = 650 rpm. The presented methods …”

T. König, L. Cadau, L. Steidle, M. Kley, D. Cansu Güney, J. Albrecht, K. Weber A concept for comparison of new and aged lubricants in transmissions of electric vehicles and a method of oil aging on a test rig S. 1195-1206

„… method of oil aging on a test rig Ein Konzept zum Vergleich von neuen und gealterten Schmierstoffen in …” „… evaluated at different stages of aging using suitable measurement methods. A test program is designed and …” „… lubricants. The authors emphasize the need for specialized test methods, including copper compatibility …”

A. Drechsel, J. Pellkofer, K. Stahl Transferability of the scuffing load capacity of gear oils determined on spur gears to hypoid gears S. 881-896

„… Classification of hypoid oils by use of a newly developed scuffing test method Alexander Drechsel, Dr.-Ing. Josef …” „… of gears on the basis of physical or chemical oil data alone, experimental test methods are necessary …” „… test methods are reached. In order to ensure testing highly additivated hypoid oils as close as …”

A. Alnahlaui, P. Tenberge Optimised statistical evaluation for the determination of tooth root endurance strength S. 19-32

„… Stahl [1]. The conversion factors depend not only on the selected test method but also on the …” „… the graphical representation of the whole tests. The test result of the staircase method is not only …” „… the simulations with staircase method were carried out with an increasing calibration test (ICT). This …”

L. Braumann, H. Amri, V. S. Viteri, J. Ochoa LUBGEAR – Experimental Campaign for Aviation Gears in Loss-of- Lubrication S. 1063-1070

„… under LOL requires special experimental methods and test article designs. Benefits of testing strategies …” „… (OFAT, FFAT, Taguchi Method), manufacturing of transversally ground twin-disk test articles and …” „… fractional factorial Taguchi Method. While the reduced number of tests is very attractive for costly TRL2 and …”

J. Zhang, B. Shaw, A. Hammer, I. Sewell Effects of Surface Engineering on the Efficiency of Involute Helical Gears – An Experimental Investigation S. 995-1016

„… ] developed a test method to evaluate the efficiency of spur gears under high-speed and variable torque …” „… methods differed. In this investigation, a mechanical power recirculating gear test rig with a different …” „… , the established test method can also be used to investigate the effect of other factors such as …”

L. Bonaiti, M. Monti, C. Gorla, M. Geitner, T. Tobie, K. Stahl The consequences of different methodologies for the elaboration of pulsator test results with respect to the load spectrum assessment of gears S. 33-52

„… tests represent a simplified test method and are not performed by meshing gears. Therefore, their …” „… . method 2). Both of them have been developed for a symmetric test rig configuration. Those methodologies …” „… the known pulsator test evaluation methods. Conclusions This paper focuses on the usage of pulsator …”

D. Gallagher, E. Wiita, R. Weidig Improved Method for Validation of Root Stress in Polymer Gears S. 1333-1350

„… ) testing is a reliable test method based on the principle of applying a pulsating load to a single tooth …” „… possible using the hybrid method outlined in previous sections. 12. Proposed Test Method and Load Rig The …” „… hybrid method, on a gear using the material in question, and of exactly the same tooth design as the test …”

J.-H. Park, B.-S. Kim, D. Im, D.-J. Moon, J.-H. Kim, Y.-J. Park Development of Damage-based Accelerated Life Test Code for Gearbox using Genetic Algorithm S. 329-340

„… test. The accelerated life test method is a method of estimating the life under normal use conditions …” „… conditions. There are two methods of accelerated life test widely applied to gearboxes. The first method is …” „… accelerated life test was conducted based on the second method, which involved calculating the damage to the …”

P. E. Schnetzer, J. Pellkofer, K. Stahl Calculation method for wear of steel-bronze rolling-sliding contacts relating to worm gears S. 907-926

„… twin-disk test rig. Based on this, the paper covers a new wear calculation method to characterize the wear …” „… wear calculation method on the basis of test results of experimental investigations using the twin-disk …” „… test rig is addressed. Subsequently, results of the new wear calculation method are compared to results …”

K. Yanagisawa, K. Kamoshida, A. Domon Prediction of Gear Fatigue Life Considering Glass Fiber Orientation S. 1351-1360

„… by conventional methodAn example comparing the fatigue test results of actual gears with the fatigue …” „… =1Gear test N=2Gear test N=3VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023 1355fatigue life prediction method, the …” „… predict the fatigue life of gears using fiber reinforced material, a method for predicting fatigue failure …”

E. Virtanen, M. Kanerva, G. Szanti Fatigue testing of large sized bevel gears S. 897-906

„… differences caused by the internal losses of the test rig. As such, a compensation method for the different …” „… based on endurance tests performed on relatively small-size test gears and testing equipment, such as …” „… the standard FZG test rig. Large bevel gears are dimensioned using special standards for bevel gears …”

M. Reichl, P. Lenz, A. Oliva Challenges and possibilities of virtual development of e-axle transmissions S. 485-498

„… Ölverteilung eines Untersetzungsgetriebes einer E-Achse mit Hilfe einer neuartigen CFD-Methode untersucht. Ein …” „… Simulationszeiten von 30 Sekunden und mehr, können VOF (Volume of Fluid) basierte Methoden kaum eingesetzt werden …” „… increasing. The number of prototypes must be reduced, since test bench times are expensive and limited …”

C. Kunik, J. Kunert Wetting and oil flow analysis of planetary gearboxes using oil flow simulations S. 467-484

„… gear unit. The field of CFD (“Computational Fluid Dynamics”) offers a particle-based simulation method …” „… simulations gives great opportunities to save resources like material, test capacities and workforce. In a …” „… first step, the quality of CFD simulations using the SPH method is analyzed by comparing the oil flow …”

F. Mieth, D. Tazir Local load capacity analysis for the design of a balanced flank modification for cylindrical gears according to bevel gear procedures S. 927-944

„… modifications. To validate the accuracy of the calculation methods, a well-documented series of tests from the …” „… factors compared with test results SV variants Conclusion In this study, a simulation method for the local …” „… results for pressure distribution. In summary, it can be stated that the local method represents the test …”

T. Inoue, D. Iba, N. Fujita, A. Nishikawa, M. Ishii, J. Hu, H. Shimasaki, N. Miura, A. Masuda, I. Moriwaki, J. Hongu Effect of Load Cycles on Return Loss and Resistance of Sensor and Antenna Circuits Printed on Plastic Gears S. 659-674

„… , developing such health monitoring systems is very attractive for researchers, and various methods have been …” „… have studied methods for collecting and analyzing vibration data from meshing gears [1]-[3]. However …” „… installing sensors directly on the gears. For example, a method of directly measuring tooth root bending …”

M. J. Herberger, F. Rudolph, B. Sievers Efficient concepts for high ratio angular gearboxes S. 801-814

„… Lagerverluste von Rillenkugellagern ein analytischer, anhand höherwertiger Methoden validierter Ansatz auf der …” „… correlation is shown for both W.7 (SPIROPLAN®) and K.9 (hypoid) gearboxes using different calculation methods …” „… for the load-dependent gearing losses. A comparison of calculation methods shows, that the local …”

T. Schmidt, B. Neubauer, D. Merk White Etching Cracks (WECs) on gears of E-Axle applications S. 257-268

„… Test Apparatus FE8-Part 2: Test Method for Lubricating Greases-Applied Test Bearing: Oblique Ball …” „… Lubricants-Mechanical-Dynamic Testing in the Roller Bearing Test Apparatus FE8-Part 3: Test Method for Lubricating Oils-Applied …” „… -test derivates are used. However, these tests showed an unclear WEC-indication with the suspect oil due …”

C. M. C. G. Fernandes, J. M. A. Pinto, D. E. P. Gonçalves, A. R. Silva Reduction of root and flank temperature using a hybrid polymer-metal rack S. 1547-1562

„… Verschleiß-, Reibungs- und Wärmeverhaltens von Polymerzahnrädern wurden verschiedene Methoden erforscht …” „… methods have been explored to improve the wear, friction, and thermal behaviour of polymer gears …” „… extends previous results by subjecting the hybrid gear rack to a static bending test under different …”

N. Blech, C. Paschold, T. Lohner, T. Tobie, K. Stahl, L. Amar Review of different calculation approaches for the mean coefficient of friction in ISO 6336 S. 191-210

„… . Part 16: Determination of the micro-pitting load-carrying capacity of lubricants using FZG-test-method …” „… von Grauflecken bei Zahnrädern (in English: Test method for investigating the influence of lubricants …” „… temperature method and the calculation of the micropitting load carrying capacity, respectively. Additionally …”

D. Zorko, N. Vukašinović, B. Černe The effect of gear manufacturing quality on the mechanical and thermal state of a plastic gear S. 1319-1332

„… be any VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023 1319standardized design methods and relevant material data …” „… methods for plastic gears. Several national standards were released, e.g., BS 6168 [1], JIS B 1759 [2] and …” „… methods proved to be rather convenient for design evaluations of non-standard gears. Nevertheless a large …”

S. Matkovič, D. Šeruga, M. Nagode, M. Kalin Prediction of tooth root fatigue failure of polymer gears for dry and oil lubricated contact and its comparison to experimentally obtained results S. 1301-1318

„… tribological data. However, the characterization of polymers’ properties and their behaviour in the gear test …” „… reason behind time inefficiency is the length of tests that needs to be performed in order to …” „… root fatigue failure. Lately, computational methods are becoming more advanced, user-friendly and so …”

M. Willecke, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher Experimental Investigation of the load carrying capacity of beveloid gears with optimized flank topography S. 125-138

„… capacity of beveloids with crossing and intersecting axes, a calculation method was therefore developed …” „… , 2023 125calculation method, two geometries were designed whose load-carrying capacity was investigated …” „… in a special developed back-to-back test rig. The results of the durability testing were then …”

L. Klee, T. Bergs, M. Solf, J. Brimmers Binder Jetting in Gears – Process Design and Tooth Bending Strength for Gears made of 17-4PH S. 1665-1680

„… , 10 tests were performed in the endurance strength load range using the stair-step method [23] on two …” „… ), a defined number of tests were performed according to the horizon method at two different load …” „… , rel = 99.0 %) acc. to the Horizon Method The corresponding load cycles N of each test were ranked in …”

L. Bonaiti, M. Brambilla, P. Chiariotti, A. Cigada, C. Gorla, G. Boni, P. Codeluppi The effect of pinion axial positioning on noise and transmission error of face hobbed and face milled bevel gears S. 839-852

„… manufacturing technologies. Test facility layout The tests are performed on a reconfigurable power absorption …” „… test rig, which can be used to test different types of transmissions and gears, depending on the layout …” „… , the test rig consists of an AC electric motor and two eddy current brakes, which can be arranged in …”

J. Vorgerd, P. Tenberge, M. Steinrötter Scuffing load carrying capacity of high-speed gears with an isotropic superfinished surface S. 227-242

„… . Experimental results on the scuffing load carrying capacity 3.1 Test rig and test method In the scope of this …” „… : FZG test method A/8,3/90 for relative scuffing load-carrying capacity of oils, 2000 [HEAT93] Heath, G …” „… gears using a high-speed test rig. The experimental results were evaluated for the internal loads during …”

B. Devaux, C. Hamon, S. Montani Evaluation of specialty polymer performances in gear applications and the bias between modeling and testing approaches S. 1515-1532

„… Energy Density definition from MEGT - Method 2: we consider the outputs of a thrust washer tribology test …” „… performances in working conditions are measured at Longato srls using a specific test rig which allows us to …” „… physical testing for future customer applications. This FE method involves the notion of wear energy …”

K. Suzuki, K. Sakai, K. Sakai, T. Hara Considerations on Lubrication of High-Speed Rotating Gear (First Report) S. 741-752

„… ) and finite volume method (FVM) of thermal fluid analysis were used to verify.4. Test method4.1. Test …” „… of gear meshingAs a visualization method, the behavior of oil was verified by video analysis using a …” „… (PIV). For numerical analysis, the coupled analysis (hereinafter MPS-FVM) of theparticle method (MPS …”

C. Karampatzakis, A. Mihailidis, A. Mantzaflaris, C. Provatidis Contact simulation of tooth flanks using Isogeometric Analysis S. 413-428

„… studies, the standard and two-pass methods fail to pass the patch test exactly. While the bulk mostly …” „… pressure of a mating gear pair. Various methods are used by engineers to estimate the pressure developed at …” „… common indenter shapes [3]. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023414 The elastic foundation method [4; 5 …”

N. De Bie, W. Smet, T. Van Der Kamp Assessing gear mesh misalignment in a parallel gear set by transmission error measurements S. 291-300

„… . Die Güte der beschriebenen Methode hängt von der Genauigkeit des eingesetzten Simulationsmodells und …” „… described method mainly depends on the reliability of the applied simulation model and the accuracy of the …” „… additional measurement method, indicating the actual gear mesh misalignment in parallel gear stages, is …”

L. Binanzer, L. Merkle, M. Dazer, A. Nicola Pitting Detection for Prognostics and Health Management in Gearbox Applications S. 97-108

„… early stage. 3. Methods For a systematic evaluation of different damage stages, test gears with …” „… regarding damage detection in gearbox applications. To investigate the detection possibilities on the test …” „… bench, a single stage spur gearbox is developed. The test gearbox is used on a test bench, which is …”

W. Smet Gear geometry, size and material influences not captured in ISO 6336 S. 1267-1272

„… materials, methods of heat treatment and the influence of gear quality qualification are driving commonly …” „… based on reference tests on gears for surface durability and tooth bending strength (both …” „… failures as well. To be able to make the right choices with sufficient substantiation, more gear test data …”

D. Matsuura, D. Hashioka, T. Kobayashi, H. Maki Generation Method of Polygonal Shaped Work Pieces Based on Gear Meshing Theory S. 1631-1640

„… Generation Method of Polygonal Shaped Work Pieces Based on Gear Meshing Theory – Calculation Scheme …” „… ) Abstract Generative method is a key technology to achieve accurate machining of complicated shapes that can …” „… be described as geometrical functions. One of the major applications of the method is machining of …”

B. van Wissen, L. Pastukhov, F. Mitsuzuka, K. Iwanaga, A. Hasanovic NVH performance of thermoplastic gears: modelling and measuring S. 1389-1402

„… inertia and a non-constant contact stiffness (right). VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023 13913. Materials, Test …” „… Methods, and Analysis Techniques Materials A polyamide 4,6 resin with a weight percentage varying between …” „… 0 and 50% short glass fibers was used in all tests. All tests are performed with samples that were …”

M. Yilmaz, M. Ayar, F. Zerulli, K. Humm, J. König, B. Schwarz Gearbox efficiency of eDrives: correlation between measurement and calculation of load-dependent torque losses S. 985-994

„… the eDrive gearbox are determined at a motor-generator test rig. The necessary lubricant factors for …” „… the calculation of the load-dependent torque losses are determined at a FZG back-to-back test rig. The …” „… load-dependent bearing torque losses PLBP, such as the catalogue methods SKF94 (1) or SKF18 (2) mainly based on …”

I. Hong, D. Talbot Tooth Bending Strain Rate Analysis in a Counter Shaft Drivetrain and Implications on Fatigue Strength S. 53-66

„… concentration and intensity factors were equal between the two test methods, the higher strain rate tests …” „… look to ultrasonic fatigue testing as it is by far the fastest accelerated fatigue test method …” „… test results between ultrasonic and convention testing was done by Mayer [2] and a 2021 review done by …”

S. Sepp, A. Wenig, M. Otto, K. Stahl Acoustical behavior of periodic flank modifications under dynamic operating conditions S. 341-356

„… at the dynamic test rig of the Gear Research Center (FZG) were per-formed. Due to the measurement of …” „… important. The application of modifications to the tooth flank microgeometry is a widely used method for …” „… . Bruy`ere et al. [15] develop a method to derive optimal profile modifications in terms of excita-tion …”

A. Carvalho, R. Rego, N. Fukumasu, D. Tamayo, F. Nascimento, I. Machado PVD Deposition of Nb-MoS2 Coatings on Gear Carburized Steel S. 1071-1082

„… . Some tests were performed to determine the coating microstructural and mechanical properties, the …” „… the Nb:MoS2coatings. 2. Materials & Method The sample steel alloy selection, SAE 8620, was based on …” „… VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 20231072the specific requirements for conducting tribological tests. The manufacturing …”

P. Chavan, M. Lutz Validation of an industrial gearbox model for predicting vibro-acoustic behavior S. 619-632

„… the gearbox on the test rig. A comprehensive analysis of the structure-borne sound, including both …” „… was derived from a corresponding Finite Element Method (FEM) model. By comparing the resulting surface …” „… displaced markers. In the second step, the validated gear unit is assembled on a test bench, as illustrated …”

M. Gebhardt, A. Rhode, B. Legrady Lubrication improvement at the HS-IS spline shaft interface of a wind turbine gearbox using the smooth particle hydrodynamic method S. 519-536

„… smooth particle hydrodynamic method Spline design optimization using an advanced numerical method Dr.-Ing …” „… design. This aim is supported by using the smooth particle hydrodynamic (SPH) method. A sample geometry …” „… . Historically extensive test rig trials were required to come to similar conclusions. Additionally, the results …”

W. Ramdane, C. Changenet, S. S. Ouali, C. Chevrel-Fraux, P. Casanova Thermal model of a planetary gear set using an isothermal approach S. 451-466

„… specific test rig. Multiple operating conditions have been considered. In order to simulate the transient …” „… thermal behavior and efficiency of the above splash lubricated planetary gear set, an isothermal method is …” „… to reduce test time and cost. Planetary gear sets are widely used in industry, whether in automotive …”

C. Herzog, D. Drummer Influence of the injection molding process on the tooth deflection of plastic gears during operation S. 1435-1448

„… Materials and Methods For the gear tests a wire cut steel pinion made of 100Cr6 and plastic gears made of PA …” „… hingegen wirkt sich deutlich auf die Verformung aus.Abstract A new test methodology for in situ deformation …” „… ). The in situ gear test rig evaluates the time differences between successive index pulses from encoders …”

J. Lohmiller, F. Dobler, M. Wöppermann Investigating different nodular graphite irons for the application of gears – a step towards standardization by using reasonable quality criteria S. 1731-1748

„… material. Therefore, fatigue tests on test gears were performed in a pulsator test rig with accompanying …” „… graphite iron EN-GJS-700-2. Test gears were manufactured from cylindrical sections of industrial planetary …” „… properties using standardized fatigue tests such as rotating bending fatigue, cf. Refs. [4, 5] for ADI and …”

C. Westphal, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher Influence of Axis Misalignments in Stepped Planetary Gear Stages on the Excitation Behavior – Test Rig Development and Simulative Analysis S. 175-190

„… influenced. After validation of the results with test rig investigations, the simulation method can be …” „… Influence of Axis Misalignments in Stepped Planetary Gear Stages on the Excitation Behavior – Test …” „… stepped planetary gear stages have not been adequately investigated. This paper presents a test rig that …”

M. Geitner, S. Preintner, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Simulation Study on the Tribological Characteristics in the Meshing Contact in the Context of the Load Carrying Capacity Calculation of Internal Gears with Unbalanced Sliding Conditions S. 429-450

„… profile. Based on existing experimental test methods [1, 8, 22], comparable conditions for the different …” „… the micro-pitting load-carrying capacity of lubricants using FZG-test-method GT-C/8,3/90] (2020). [2 …” „… analytical approaches within standardized load carrying capacity calculation methods are typically based on …”

M. Rothemund, M. Otto, K. Stahl Applicability of classic analytical calculation approaches for the design of plastic gears S. 1483-1498

„… of fast calculation methods for load capacity calculations, whether in the form of standards or …” „… calculation of the load capacity of spur and crossed helical gears and the execution of test rig trials. VDI …” „… are usually observed in practical tests compared to theory. In addition to the calculation of the load …”

S. Birk, E. Stoppel, V. Labriola Influence of plastic-metal-pairings on the lifetime of gears S. 1535-1546

„… substitution and to use the materials at its best performance points. 2 Methods & Results In order to …” „… providing simulation and test data. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023 1541Fig. 9 shows the contact stress …” „… correction can be calculated. If available, test results can help to validate the simulation and reduce the …”

J. Zheng, D. Qin, C. Liu A Novel Dynamic Modeling Method of High-Speed Thin-Rimmed Gear Transmission S. 1279-1286

„… A Novel Dynamic Modeling Method of High-Speed Thin-Rimmed Gear Transmission Ph.D student Jiayu …” „… new gear dynamics modeling and solution methods have been proposed. Velex et al. [1-2] proposed a …” „… above-mentioned studies have proposed new dynamic modeling methods for VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023 1279lightweight …”

F. Concli, M. N. Mastrone Latest advancements in the lubrication simulations of geared systems: a technology ready for industrial applications S. 499-518

„… numerical approaches. Among them, Computational Fluid Dynamics ( CFD) is actually the most widespread method …” „… ! ! " # $% &An application of the FV method for gear lubrication simulations requires specific mesh-handling …” „… method is also called ”frozen rotor approach”: it does not consider the relative motion of a rotating …”

P. Romio Spur Gear Teeth Reconstruction via Direct Laser Deposition S. 1641-1664

„… Basismaterial und dem Masseverlust während der Tests aufgetreten sind. Abstract Fatigue damage, such as …” „… teeth against base material, and mass loss during the tests. 1. Introduction International Standard ISO …” „… cavitation). Some of these failure modes, such as micropitting, might be repaired using conventional methods …”

C. Dongu Im, W.-J. Chung, J.-H. Park, D.-J. Moon, Pfor. Y.-J. Park The effect of working surface deviation on transmission error in helical gears S. 1125-1134

„… data, the analysis model was built using commercial software. The finite element method (FEM) was used …” „… from the involute tooth profile. Various methods, such as experimental, finite element, and analytical …” „… approaches, are employed to to predic the transmission error. In theory, the experimental method is …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XXVIII

„… new and aged lubricants in transmissions of electric vehicles and a method of oil aging on a test rig …” „… experimental methods for measuring tooth meshing displacements and wear during polymer gear tests using a …” „… consequences of different methodologies for the elaboration of pulsator test results with respect to the load …”

S. Sklenak, D. Mevissen, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher, B. Lenz, A. Mehner Analysis of Load Cycles and Local Wear of Dry and Solid-Lubricated Gears S. 727-740

„… stationary in terms of the frictional force and test piece temperature. For the knowledge of the application …” „… and wear behavior in tooth flank contact, test gears are coated with a MoS2:Ti-TiCN solid lubricant …” „… system and an-alyzed in running tests. The comparison of the load cycle numbers at two different load …”

J. D. M. Marafona, J. H. O. Seabra, P. M. T. Marques, R. C. Martins Effect of overlap ratio on gear dynamic behavior and noise level S. 1239-1256

„… ] is made use of while taking into account the test rig available (FZG test rig) - this way, the gears …” „… can be manufactured and experimental tests can then be performed. A brief description of the algorithm …” „… which are reference gears for the test and slave gearboxes of the FZG test rig. The new gears are named …”

N. Fujimura Application-oriented research on internal generating polishing S. 1863-1876

„… polishing. In the next chapter, the test design used to achieve the objective of the research will be …” „… possible improvement areas.4. Materials and MethodsIn this chapter, wheel specifications, part …” „… specifications, process parameter sets, target values and inspection methods are described. At first wheel …”

G. Devaraj Vibration reduction of planetary gear drive using mesh phasing: modelling and experimental validation S. 157-174

„… of the system is predicted using finite element models, and then operational experimental bench tests …” „… that radiated acoustic pressure from the out-of-phase planetary used in their test is considerably …” „… experimentally on a bench test. 2. Demonstration of mesh phasing in planetary gear sets vibration As previewed …”

A. Yavuz Kanyilmaz, B. Karba, M. VARDAR Classifying plastic beveloid gear quality considering manufacturing errors S. 1159-1172

„… using traditional measurement methods on the profile and leads to straight beveloid gear internal and …” „… can function properly within tolerable limits. Various methods are used for gear inspection, these …” „… methods help determine gear quality. The quality classification of cylindrical, worm, and bevel gear types …”

J. Lövenich, M. Zalfen, D. Mevissen, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher Crack growth based tooth root life prediction model – an influence quantity analysis S. 109-124

„… rig tests up to the VHCF range. Introduction and MotivationDue to mandatory weight optimization in …” „… standard specimens [14]. A high-speed stress test rig was set up in a EU clean aviation project to …” „… for the lifetime prediction model. These are determined in the Compact Tension (CT) test. The greatest …”

L. Becker, P. Tenberge Crossed helical gears – simulative studies and experimental results on non-involute geometries S. 1499-1514

„… in test rigs. This confirmed the advantages in load-carrying capacity and efficiency increase …” „… spatial path of contact. Current calculation methods are based on simplifications and assumptions from …” „… insufficiently described and require the new approach. 3.3 Geometry design for the ZC test gears Based on the ZI …”

S. Sartori, L. Alari, N. Motta, D. Podda Helicopter Drive System Safety Dissertation S. 633-644

„… and not only a required final testing phase. Dedicated test campaigns, simulation strategies and …” „… verify the capture efficiency of the chip detector, first of all, a dedicated test campaign has been …” „… performed at sensor level. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023 635Fig. 2: Chip Detector Test Campaign After having …”

J. Hongu, S. Hattori, J. Kato, T. Koide Gear friction coefficient estimation using directional parameter under ATF lubricated condition S. 753-762

„… , efficiency tests are performed using gears with two different finishing processes (grinding and barreling …” „… study focused on only the manual transmission fluid (MTF) for the gear efficiency tests, whereas the …” „… coefficients were calculated using the results of a gear- efficiency test. This machine is a power-cyclic-type …”

M. Werner, S. Graf, M. Oehler, O. Koch Investigation of the electrical behavior of a spur gear stage pair by means of impedance measurements S. 67-80

„… operating points is shown. Furthermore, the running-in phase is observed via this method, too. 1 …” „… electrical substitute system is first explained (chapter 2). This is followed by a presentation of the test …” „… by this. The following chapters show the test setup for determining the impedance of a gear stage as …”

L.-C. Chang, Q. Y. Zhuang, S.-J. Tsai, J.-F. Hochrein, S. Landler, M. Otto, K. Stahl Comparing the contact characteristics of involute gear/ eccentric cycloidal gear calculated by various loaded tooth contact analysis models S. 397-412

„… : Determination of the micro-pitting load-carrying capacity of lubricants using FZG-test-method GT-C/8,3/90. [13 …” „… usefully by utilizing the loaded tooth contact analysis (LTCA) models. Among various LTCA methods, finite …” „… element method (FEM) is a popular method for analyzing contact problem of gear pair, but is not suitable …”

E. Grabovic, A. Artoni, M. Gabiccini, E. Ciulli Exploration of trade-offs between NVH and efficiency in bevel gear design S. 853-880

„… transmission ratio function based on rigid TCA assumptions. A numerical test case demonstrated that this method …” „… constraints are prescribed. Application to a test case involving the design of a spiral bevel gearset reveals …” „… . estimation of the elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) friction coefficient; Numerous models and methods …”

B. Karba, N. Yildirim Backlash optimization via compatible gear couples on the assembly lines for planetary gearboxes S. 1147-1158

„… capacities or design companies with mounting service capacities can follow this method. In this paper …” „… well-known commercial software were used for numerical validation of the predictions whereas a special test …” „… mathematical modelling In our novel method [8], backlash can be minimized by using ideal phasing compensating …”

Y. Koch, E. Kirchner, J. Hirschmann Measuring Instantaneous Angular Speed using a Gear Wheel as Material Measure to detect Pitting Damage during an Endurance Test S. 81-96

„… gearboxes? Method First, the test stand and design of the endurance test are presented. Then the integrated …” „… Damage during an Endurance Test Yanik Koch, Eckhard Kirchner, Institute for product development and …” „… back-to-back test stand is set up for the endurance test. The tests are carried out with an overload load at a …”

G. Vasileiou, C. Vakouftsis, C. Kalligeros, V. Spitas, C. Papalexis, A. Tsolakis, P. Zalimidis Continuous prestressed reinforcement of plastic gear teeth and its effect on bending strength vs conventional reinforcement S. 1375-1388

„… solutions, the proposed method suggests placement of the reinforcing carbon fibres tangent to the tooth root …” „… , experimental evaluation of the method was carried out, confirming the theoretical predictions. 1 …” „… enhanced dimensional stability [12]. Many methods have been suggested so far for enhancing the bending …”

K. Moser, S. Körber Advanced biopolymer compounds for technical applications S. 1297-1300

„… the compounds were pelletized, dried, annealed and injection moulded into universal tensile test bars …” „… were measured using a Ceast HDT 3 VICAT heat distortion temperature test machine. The specimens were …” „… tested according to ISO 75-1 HDT-B (non-reinforced) and ISO 75-1 HDT-A method (reinforced) with a …”

C. van Oss, A. Hilbig, H. Sardemann, S. Schumann, B. Schlecht Opportunities arising from digital twins in gear development S. 1027-1038

„… measurement images (simultaneous calibration) or is determined separately beforehand (test field calibration …” „… hypothesis can be confirmed by tests on real gear sets. The gear sets used in the tests have a linear contact …” „… method of least squares from the results of the variation. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023 1033𝑓 𝑓 𝑓 𝑓 𝑓 …”

M. Fürst, S. Sepp, D. Schweigert, M. Otto, K. Stahl Experimental Investigation of Moving Contact Pattern in Helical Planetary Gearboxes S. 569-582

„… extensive experimental prototype tests are required. In an early design phase, these detailed boundary …” „… misalignment on the tooth contact of a three-planet planetary gear set. 2. Test rig In the present study …” „… test rig itself is designed to fit onto a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) to capture the elastic …”

B. Guilbert, D. Dureisseix, P. Velex Hybrid models for the simulation of displacements and stresses in lightweight gears S. 315-328

„… a Multi-Point Constraint (MPC) method in order to connect the nodes at the shaft/bearing interface …” „… central bearing nodes obtained by the MPC method (Figure 2). (a) (b) Fig. 1: (a) Gear element, (b) base …” „… the Craig and Bampton condensation along with the matrix ebP used in the MPC method [30], leading to …”

T. Schmid-Schirling, N. Saum, C. Eberz de Oliveira Löhrer Marker-Free, Single Item Traceability in Gear Wheel Production Based on Inherent Surface Patterns S. 1877-XXIX

„… cleaning and soldering at 255 °C. The test results were promising VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 20231878as all …” „… tracking every second. An extensive test run was conducted with fingerprints (the features) of 100,000 …” „… . Methods Fraunhofer IPM has developed a practical system based on the fact that components, due to their …”

T. Jagiella, S. Haller, J. Lechner, T. Rung, M. Wöppermann, B. Zeeb Building a software toolchain for automated mass-customization of specific end-use gear unit parts using AM-driven design guidelines S. 1607-1616

„… traditional manufacturing methods, therefore they currently are only used in niche applications. Main …” „… components are produced using this software solution and tested under alternating load on a test bench …” „… alternating load using a flywheel test rig designed to simulate a real-word application.Tests on the flywheel …”

A. Baseer, B. Bauer, C. Wang Mesh Load Factor in Multiple Planetary Stage Gearboxes S. 281-290

„… on a test rig for a PPP gearbox. The validated gearbox is then integrated into a wind turbine …” „… capable gearbox model. After setting up the gearbox model it is implemented into the test rig environment …” „… and validated with measurements from the test bench. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023 283Fig. 2: MBS …”

U. Kissling Impact of manufacturing deviations on the NVH behavior of modern gear design concepts S. 367-382

„… Kissling, KISSsoft AG, Hombrechtikon, Switzerland Zusammenfassung (Abstract in German) Eine Methode, um …” „… beschrieben. Diese Methode wird dann auf unterschiedliche Getriebearten wie Industrie-, EV-, Militär-, Wind …” „… - und Kunststoff-Getriebe angewandt und besprochen. Die Methode hilft zu entscheiden, welche …”

T. Tra My Truong, S. Schumann, B. Schlecht On the Testing of Flank Fracture Calculations Based on 3D-Gears S. 243-256

„… appearance of flank factures. In order to avoid the failure of experimental tests, the gear design process is …” „… capacity. Several TFF calculation methods were developed however the forecasts’ accuracies do not always …” „… different calculation methods to determine tooth flank fracture load capacities of examples in literature …”

W. Kassem, J. Müller, M. Oehler, O. Koch Analytical tooth root stress calculation for short fiberreinforced plastic gears S. 1361-1374

„… analytical method, based on the lamination theory for fiber composites, that considers the inhomogeneous …” „… with numerically intensive methods, such as finite element analysis (FEA), which require a lot of …” „… computational resources and time. Therefore, there is a need for a simpler and faster analytical method that can …”

I. Gonzalez-Perez, A. Fuentes-Aznar, J. Calvo-Irisarri, N. Bilbao-Handley, X. Lopez-Fuentes, A. Fernandez-Sison Evaluation of the effect of the rim thickness on the root stress cycle of helical planet gears with integrated rollers S. 553-568

„… with photoelastic test results. In year 1983, Chang et al. [5] considered a finite element analysis of …” „… planet gear and its shaft on the fillet stresses through photoelastic tests. It is illustrated that the …” „… external and internal gears using finite element analyses and photoelastic tests. It is observed that …”

A. Wedmann, M. Stein, K. Kniel Large gear metrology at PTB S. 1803-1820

„… . Consequently, the proven multilayer calibration strategy can be applied. This measurement method compensates …” „… ]. 3. Different calibration strategies: multilayer method and M3D3 method The reproducibility and …” „… counteract this, a multilayer method is used at PTB for the calibration of gear standards. This procedure …”

I. Criscuolo, F. Carneiro, G. Guimarães, R. Rego, J. Mascheroni Indirect Selective Laser Sintering: Modeling and analysis of surface densification by shot peening S. 1681-1698

„… topography and residual stress state were performed.VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023 16832. Materials and Methods …” „… in the samples. Results of preliminary practical tests also carried out on the LaserFunde 200 machine …” „… noticed. As a method of processing the strain of these elements, a larger RVE geometry was defined in the …”

S. Moschkau, S. Held Optimization of product quality and manufacturing processes in real-time with vibration analysis S. 1821-1828

„… wirkungsvolle Methode ist die Echtzeitüberwachung des Produktionsprozesses auf Basis von Schwingungsanalyse. In …” „… based on vibration analysis is one effective method. This paper describes challenges in real-time …” „… test rig by so-called ghost orders in the vibration pattern. In Fourier transform-based order analysis …”

M. Ruzek, R. Brun, F. Ville, P. Velex, Y. Marchesse On the reduction of windage power losses in gears by the modification of tooth geometry S. 785-800

„… D printing techniques however, make it possible to generate ramps on tooth edges and to test the …” „… measurements of WPL have been performed using the dedicated test rig designed for the purpose of windage power …” „… Fig. 3 : WPL test rig [4]. Table 1: Geometry of the test pinion. Pitch diameter [mm] Tip diameter [mm …”

G. Guimarães, L. Robatto, R. Rego, A. Faria, A. Borille, J. Mascheroni Surface integrity of 20MnCr5 pinion gears manufactured through laser powder bed fusion S. 1845-1858

„… AND MATERIALS. ASTM E2860-12: standard test method for residual stress measurement by X-Ray …” „… the subjects of the investigations. 3. Materials and Methods 3.1 L-PBF process The challenge of …” „… method in an Alkimat Laser Funde 200 machine. This machine is equipped with a single continuous wave …”

J. Sanchez-Espiga, A. Diez-Ibarbia, M. Iglesias, A. Fernandez-del-Rincon, F. Viadero, J. Calvo-Irisarri, A. Fernandez-Sison Statistical study of the mesh load factor of planetary gear transmissions affected by inherent manufacturing errors S. 139-156

„… manufacturing errors Application of the Method of Monte Carlo to the gear manufacturing process in planetary …” „… Studie werden statistische Techniken wie die Monte-Carlo-Methode (MMC) angewandt, um eine ausreichende …” „… by applying statistical techniques such as the Method of Monte Carlo (MMC) to define a sufficient …”

J. Gründer, A. Monz Analytical Method for Calculating the Nominal Tooth Root Stress in Worm Gear Shafts S. 1091-1110

„… Analytical Method for Calculating the Nominal Tooth Root Stress in Worm Gear ShaftsJohannes Gründer …” „… against deflection according to the state of the art, there is a need for a method to calculate the …” „… material stress in worm shafts. This paper presents an analytical method based on the nominal stress …”

P. Fischmann, A. Hilligardt, V. Schulze Tooth Root Burnishing in the Kinematics of Gear Skiving S. 1829-1844

„… capacity of small-modulus gears that can be achieved by shot peening. Another method for increasing fatigue …” „… ]. However, the method is mainly used for rotationally symmetrical components. A transfer to gears has only …” „… tests were carried out with the softest spring combination C8x1-C8x3-C8x3-C8x3, in short C8x1-C8x3x3 …”

A. Hilligardt, V. Schulze Gear Skiving with Minimum Twist Errors S. 1749-1764

„… angle as it was successfully validated in practical tests. Finally, based on a new simulation method …” „… wird auf Basis des Konus-Schraubradgetriebes eine berührlinienbasierte Methode zur …” „… contact line-based method for tool profile calculation for gear skiving is developed based on …”

S. Hendricks, M. Solf, J. Brimmers, T. Bergs Investigation of the machinability of different quenched and tempered steels for the alternative process chain of planetary pinions in wind turbine gearboxes S. 1713-1730

„… NiCrMoVBi7 in different quenching and tempering levels were machined using the fly-cutting method as an …” „… methodsWorkpiece materialsThe gear geometry used for the experiments was derived from an automotive application …” „… summarized. For the reference steel 18CrNiMo7-6, the results known from previous tests, where the target …”

M. Vivet, A. Rezayat, J. Verhoogen, K. Kucukcoskun, S. Donders Numerical analysis of bevel gear transmission acoustic emission using a 3D gear contact force model within a multibody system dynamics simulation environment S. 689-702

„… create representative digital twin models of their transmission systems [2, 3, 4]. Numerical methods to …” „… detection methods, which treat the contact surfaces as arbitrary and result in non-optimized contact …” „… functions in the Finite Element Method. These transfer vectors, which link the coupling surface and the …”

A. Kubo, M. Nagae Estimation of brittleness of CCH-steel via measurement of micro-VH and simultaneous FWHM distribution S. 1699-1712

„… estimating method for tooth ank durability of gears.hen we get gure of actual tooth ank the increasing …” „… uorescent magnetic powder test indicates many cracks initiate there and the tooth ank must be very …” „… . ubo . agae .Akiyama valuation of gear steel by very local fracture test roc. nternational ear …”

D. Krüger Reuse S. 3-12

„… three key engine-related challenges identified: Fig. 6: Rolls-Royce AE 2100 engine test powered by …” „… % compared to traditional jet fuel, depending on the sustainable feedstock used, production method and the …”

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Gefahrstoffe

Browse Volumes: Gefahrstoffe

GrdL Volume 79 (2019) Issue 09 ISSN Online: 0949-8036

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V. Liebers, M. Düser, B. Kendizia, T. Brüning, M. Raulf Quantifizierung von Endotoxin mit dem rekombinanten Faktor-C-(rFc)-Test – Vergleich mit dem LAL-Test/Quantification of endotoxin with recombinant Factor C (rFC)-assay – comparison with LAL-Test S. 337-341

„… and using dust filter extracts to compare both methods. The rFC test proved to be suitable for …” „… replacing the LAL test. Measurement results from both methods correlate highly significant. However, to …” „… Endotoxinbestimmung. Hersteller Messbereich Methode Messwert Ausrüstung Software LAL-Test Charles River (Endosafe …”

C. Wippich, D. Koppisch, D. Breuer Möglichkeit zur Umrechnung der Konzentration von einatembarem in alveolengängigen Staub/Means of converting the concentration of inhalable to respirable dust S. 303-311

„… haben können. 2 Material und Methoden 2.1 Datenauswahl Die Expositionsdatenbank MEGA enthält unabhängige …” „… in die Expositionsdatenbank MEGA. 2.3 Statistische und mathematische Methoden Alle statistischen …” „… statistischen Tests handelt es sich um Standardverfahren aus gängiger Fachliteratur [25; 26]. Für alle Tests …”

A. Smola Fünf Arbeitsschutzausschüsse neu berufen: Neues aus AGS und ABAS S. 297

„… relevanter Themen unter dem Aspekt wirtschaftlicher Machbarkeit informieren? Dann testen Sie jetzt das …” „… . www.vdi-fachmedien.de JETZT KOSTENLOS TESTEN ! RZ_VDIfach_EigenAZ_ProbeAbo_UMWELT_A4.indd 1 24.01.19 12:20 299 …” „… . Quantifizierung von Endotoxin mit dem rekombinanten Faktor-C-(rFc)-Test – Vergleich mit dem LAL-Test …”

E. Zahradnik, I. Thullner, V. Liebers, I. Sander, C. Walther, N. Schäl, T. Brüning, M. Raulf Exposition gegenüber Allergenen, Endotoxin und (1-3)-β-Glucan in verschiedenen Bereichen einer veterinärmedizinischen Fakultät/Exposure to allergens, endotoxin and (1–3)-β-glucan in various areas of a veterinary faculty S. 323-334

„… Limulus-Amoebozyten- Lysat-Test (LAL-Test) eingesetzt [17]. Der Test beruht auf der durch Endotoxin ausgelösten …” „… erfasst werden. 2 Methoden 2.1 Sammlung und Extraktion der Luftstaubproben Die Sammlung von …” „… Filterextrakt mit der chromogen-kinetischen Variante des LAL-Tests entsprechend den Herstellerangaben (Fa …”

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Lärmbekämpfung

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Lärm Volume 17 (2022) Issue 04 ISSN Online: 1863-4672

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Peter Sickert Gehörschutz: individuelle Schutzwirkung versus Anwendung von Praxisabschlägen/Hearing protection: individual protective effect versus use of derating factors S. 100-103

„… Der Einsatz von Methoden zur Bestim-mung der individuellen Schutzwirkung von Gehörschutz (Fit-Test …” „… ) gewinnt an Bedeutung. Ebenso wie die Methode der Pra-xisabschläge führt der Fit-Test dazu, dass die …” „… methods for the individual determi-nation of the protective effect of hearing protectors (fit test) is …”

Bernhard Baumgartner, Reinhard Wehr, Heinz Hoislbauer, Manfred Haider Das Reifen-/Fahrbahn-Rollgeräusch im Nah- und Fernfeld – Korrelationen zwischen Rollgeräuschanhängern und Einzelvorbeifahrten S. 114-119

„… conversions between these methods. Furthermore, it sets out the basis upon which representative test sites …” „… selection of new refer- ence test tyres for use with the CPX method, to be specified in ISO/TS 11819-3 …” „… PIARC-Reifen mit Längsrillen (RVS-Methode) Anwendung [3]. Diese Messmethode erlaubt es im Weiteren, lärmarme …”

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wt Werkstattstechnik online

Browse Volumes: wt Werkstattstechnik online

wt Volume 107 (2017) Issue 11-12 ISSN Online: 1436-4980

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R. Prof. Müller, L. Schirmer Das Beste aus beiden Welten*/Best of both worlds S. 813-817

„… Methoden mit dem KC Flowdown Die Methoden KC Flowdown, die Regressionsanalyse und der Chi-Quadrat-Test …” „… neue Methodenkombination verknüpft die Vorteile kausaler und statistischer Methoden, um deren …” „… Abweichungen in der Montage werden kausale und statistische Methoden genutzt. Beide Ansätze haben Vor- und …”

A. Bader, J. Lorenz, K. Prof. Tracht Logistische Steuerung für Hochdurchsatzsysteme*/Logistic control for high throughput systems S. 847-851

„… tests to increase the system’s throughput. A method for increasing the logistical goals is presented to …” „… berücksichtigt werden muss. Zur Einplanung dieser Sonderprozesse wird eine Methode zur Steigerung der …” „… system requires new methods for planning and control due to process-related restrictions. The planning …”

J. Greipel, D. Ortiz Sarceño, R. Prof. Schmitt Adaptive Prüfplanung für Kleinserien*/Adaptive inspection planning for small series S. 780-785

„… werden. Darauf aufbauend wird eine Methodik zur Erstellung eines adaptiven Prüfplans für Kleinserien …” „… Stichprobenprüfung in der Kleinserienfertigung ohne großen Aufwand zu ermöglichen, ist die Methodik zur adaptiven …” „… und Prüffrequenz mit statistischen Methoden nach Bedarf über die Zeit anzupassen. Beispiel hierfür …”

F Schäfer, M. Brandmeier, M. Kuhn, J. Prof. Franke, H. Prof. Otten Case Based Reasoning im Qualitätsmanagement*/Case Based Reasoning enhances quality management S. 786-792

„… kann ein Qualitätsproblem mit statistischen Methoden und Tests auf seinen Ursprung zurückverfolgt und …” „… unter anderem Tests und statistische Analysen umfassen, können in der individualisierten Produktion zur …” „… QM-Methoden stoßen hier an ihre Grenzen und müssen durch neue QM-Methoden erweitert werden. Durch die …”

C. Teutsch, M. Prof. Schenk Qualitätsdatengesteuerte Produktion*/Quality-driven Production - Technological trends in production S. 793-797

„… qualitätsdatengesteuerten Produktion fokussiert dabei auf Methoden, die einen informationstechnischen Mehrwert aus der …” „… Abhängigkeit von Temperaturdaten (rechts) als Test für die Prädiktion des Nabendurchmessers durch vorheriges …” „… Data-Analytics-Methoden die Abhängigkeit der NC-Bearbeitung von Prozesstemperaturen und weiteren radtypspezifischen …”

T. Knoll, G. Jenke, A. Brenner, H. Schuck, A. Schultz, R. Warmers, A. Zumbülte, M. Turner, K. Seunarine, D. Gibbs, J. Wiest, A. Urban, T. Velten Zweifarben-Druckanlage für die Sensorherstellung/Two-colour printing machine for sensor production - Rotary printing of foil-based graphene sensors S. 827-833

„… Methodik, die außerdem kontinuierlich und in Echtzeit durchgeführt werden kann. Man erhält damit sogenannte …” „… fotolithographischer Methoden hergestellt. Da Kupfer oder Silber zytotoxisch wirkt, sind biologisch unbedenkliche …” „… stets vermieden werden. 3 Material und Methoden 3.1 Zweifarben-Druckanlage – Konzept und Realisierung …”

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Technische Sicherheit

Browse Volumes: Technische Sicherheit

TeSi Volume 12 (2022) Issue 09-10 ISSN Online: 2191-0073

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Peter Sickert Gehörschutz: Berücksichtigung von Praxisabschlägen oder Bestimmung der individuellen Schalldämmung/Hearing protection: individual protective effect versus use of derating factors S. 25-28

„… von Methoden zur Bestim-mung der individuellen Schutzwirkung von Gehörschutz (Fit-Test) gewinnt an …” „… Bedeutung. Ebenso wie die Methode der Praxisabschläge führt der Fit-Test dazu, dass die verringerte …” „… Fit-Test-MethodeAuch Fit-Test-Verfahren haben ihre Nachteile. Das sind insbe-sondere: • Organisatorischer Zusatzaufwand …”

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Optische Technologien in der Fahrzeugtechnik

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2323 2018

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S. Strebel, C. Neumann Durchgängige simulative Evaluierung von Lichtfunktionen S. 159-172

„… umgebenden Module liegen dabei als Simulationsmodelle vor. Im ersten Fall sind Methoden des White-Box-Tests …” „… Skalierbarkeit ist die SiL-Umgebung besonders geeignet für Methoden des modellbasierten Testens und ermöglicht …” „… schwieriger. Die zur Absicherung notwendigen Tests zur Validierung der Wirkkette erfordern die Integration in …”

J. Reschke, P. Rabenau, M. Hamm, C. Neumann Symbolische Fahrzeug-Fußgänger-Interaktion S. 95-106

„… with a size of 300 x 230 mm are mounted on a vehicle’s front. 35 test persons where asked to evaluate …” „… open-answer test design was used. For dynamic situations, dynamic icons are preferred. 1. Einführung Im …” „… Test wurden die Symbole achromatisch, d.h. weiß auf schwarzen Hintergrund, dargestellt. Die beiden …”

V. Sadovitch, M. Wittkämper Akzeptanz von Registrierungsfehlern in einem Augmented Reality Head-up-Display S. 129-144

„… willkürlich und erscheint sprunghaft statt fließend. 3. Methodik Die vorgestellte Taxonomie fasst auf …” „… Effekte statistisch analysiert. Folgendes Regressionsmodell wurde für die Berechnungen eines Wald-Tests (α …” „… durchweg positiven Bewertungen nicht für diese Methode eigneten.4 …”

C. Schneider, C. Haas, M. Akmal, S. Söhner, T. Schaal, W. Stork Tiefenwahrnehmung basierend auf aktuellen Scheinwerferentwicklungen S. 107-128

„… show the methods future applicability for autonomous scenarios. Further on, the paper describes and …” „… visualises the used function blocks such as calibration and image processing methods. As Deep Learning …” „… corresponding training data as well as the detection results are gathered by realistic road tests with the …”

P. Jahn, C. Neumann Bewertungskriterien für die Zulassung lichtbasierter Fahrerassistenz S. 87-94

„… ensure this, subject studies done by an independent institute are a common method. But a validation of …” „… each individual lighting function with the method mentioned above is complicated, time-intense and …” „… negativ ausfielen. Insbesondere negativ ausgefallene Tests werden aber häufig nicht veröffentlicht …”

M. Schöneich, C. Neumann, R. Lachmayer Auswirkungen von Mesostrukturen im Fahrzeuginnenraum auf die Reflexionseigenschaften S. 219-232

„… shown. A test setup measures the effects on luminance and colour coordinates for different textures …” „… Auswertungs-methode ist es, die Farbkoordinaten u’v‘ getrennt voneinander zu betrachten. In Bild 14 wird der Verlauf …”

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Sichere Handhabung brennbarer Stäube 2017

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2314 2017

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M. Schmidt, P. Lüth Wie sicher ist die Bestimmung des Selbstentzündungsverhaltens großer Feststoffschüttungen? – Die Bedeutung von Ringversuchen zur Methodenvalidierung S. 95-106

„… development (validation) and of a laboratory's quality system. The test method DIN EN 15188:2007 is applied …” „… weaknesses of the existing test method respectively deficits in the practical execution in the laboratory …” „… and protection, WG 01 „Test methods for determining the flammability characteristics of substances …”

A. Harmanny, T. Molkens The effect of vent ducts on the reduced explosion pressure in vented vessels S. 193-206

„… stated that the formula using l was in better agreement with the available test result. As there was …” „… years that venting test results for rather small volumes deviate from the cubic law. Therefore, in the …” „… . Verification with test results: VDI/EN The current guidance in EN14491 on the effects of vent ducts is based …”

A. Leksin, U. Barth Brennbarer Staub im quasi-stationären Zustand Auftreten – Ausmaß – Beurteilung S. 69-76

„… VDI-Guideline 2263 Blatt 1. In other words a test method for the determination of a new safety characteristic …” „… as the determination of the test method and the modified burning test instrument. Auftreten Der …” „… Leksin, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Uli Barth, Fakultät für Maschinenbau und Sicherheitstechnik, Lehrstuhl Methoden …”

K. van Wingerden, M. Ghaffari, T. Skjold Simulation of dust explosions: new developments S. 221-232

„… dispersed dust by similar methods as those used for gas explosions. The approach adopted in FLACS DustEx …” „… limitation in current prediction methods where the ignition position is not taken into account, and center …” „… , 2017 225 Table 1. The results show that only in 1 test with coal dust a strong explosion was seen in …”

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„… . Motivation & Methodik Der sichere Umgang mit brennbaren Stäuben in der Industrie und die Auslegung von …” „… durchzuführen. Auch ist zu berücksichtigen, dass die ermittelte Brennzahl stark von der Durchführung des Tests …”

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