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Testen und Validieren elektrischer Antriebsstränge 2024

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2431 2024

Results in this title

A. Kremser Berechnung und Messung von Motor- und Umrichterverlusten nach IEC 61800-9-2 ED2/Calculation and measurement of motor and converter losses according to IEC 61800-9-2 ED2 S. 111-120

„… measurement of motor and converter losses according to IEC 61800-9-2 ED2 Kremser, Andreas: Technische …” „… Genauigkeit. Abstract Calculated and measured motor and converter losses are compared using the example of a …” „… range shows a clear deviation from the measurements. To calculate the converter losses, an equation for …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-VIII

„… of motor and converter losses according to IEC 61800-9-2 ED2 111A. Kremser: Technische Hochschule …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024317

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ELIV-MarketPlace 2022

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2405 2022

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Manuel Gärtner, Nadia Lecci New STi2GaNTM technology for ultra-fast switching automotive applications S. 121-132

„… loop stray inductancecauses higher voltage spikes and limits switching speedLower switching lossesLower …” „… , Italy Abstract Key Words: LiDAR, DCDC Converter, OBC, 48V, GaN, Efficiency, Automotive, Wide-Bandgap …” „… ultra-fast LiDAR Driver and smart 48V/12V DCDC converter. 2. LiDAR Driver This patented approach to firing …”

A. Berger An Advanced High-Efficiency Inverter with High Switching Frequencies to Improve Powertrain Efficiency and Performance S. 85-98

„… losses of a converter vs. switching frequency under full-load condition [4] A new method of materially …” „… adverse effect on converter losses, which simplifies motor design and increases motor lifetime by reducing …” „… , 10kWPROOFOF CONCEPT10Materially eliminates switching lossesEnables higher switching frequencies …”

M. Raimann New GaN based DC-DC converter concept for future fuel cell and charging applications S. 331-338

„… DC-DC Converter SystemTotal System Losses12Boundary conditions• Full current operating point• GaN DC/DC …” „… AGConclusionGaN transistors are an excellent choice for HV-HV DC-DC converters• Lower switching losses compared to …” „… New GaN based DC-DC converter concept for future fuel cell and charging applications Manuel …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024058

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Modellbildung, Dimensionierung und modellbasierte Regelung des Modularen Mehrpunktstromrichters zur systemoptimalen Betriebsführung von Drehstrommaschinen

Manuel Oberneder

Series: Elektrotechnik

Volume 424 2022

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Literaturverzeichnis S. 174-186

„… : Feedforward Loss Controlof Three-Level Active NPC Converters. In: IEEE Transactions on IndustryApplications …” „… Semiconductor Loss Comparison ofLow-Voltage, High-Power Two-Level and Three-Level Voltage Source Conver-ters. In …” „… Selection of the Average Capacitor Voltage for Variable-Speed Drives WithModular Multilevel Converters. In …”

Verfahren zur Systemauslegung S. 102-155

„… klassischeSCIG wird dabei mit einem Vollumrichter auf der Maschinen- (FL-MSC, Full LoadMachine Side Converter …” „… ) und Netzseite (FL-LSC, engl. Full Load Line Side Conver-ter) betrieben. Ein Konzept mit einem …” „… Teilumrichter auf der Maschinen- (PL-MSC,engl. Part Load Machine Side Converter) und Netzseite (PL-LSC, engl …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186424211

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Dritev – Drivetrain For Vehicles 2019

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2354 2019

Results in this title

M. Elshaer, C. Chen Wide-Band-Gap (WBG) power semiconductor switches for automotive HV battery chargers – Opportunities & challenges S. II-1-II-14

„… ) System architecture block diagram (b) Power loss breakdown. A. PFC Circuit The PFC-boost converter …” „… , 15, 18]. Fig. 3 shows the topology of a typical quasi-resonant DC-DC converter. The loss breakdown …” „… , 20194 Fig. 3: Isolated DC-DC converter (a) Circuit schematic (b) Loss breakdown. III …”

J. Grabowski, A. Colognese 48V to 12V Converters for xEV Applications – Managing the headaches of dual voltage automotive architectures S. II-45-II-54

„… voltage resulting in a lower power loss. The synchronous buck-boost converter stage is actually two …” „… disconnect switches to reduce losses and maintain high efficiency. Therefore, the cost of this converter …” „… 48V to 12V Converters for xEV Applications Managing the headaches of dual voltage automotive …”

C. Kim New next generation eight-speed automatic transmission for FWD vehicles S. I-397-I-410

„… the friction loss due to viscosity reduction. 4. Torque Converter CPA applied The torsional …” „… , torque converter and oil pump were newly designed to reduce the overall length of the transmission and …” „… increase the transmission efficiency, the clutch drag and oil pump loss was minimized and low friction …”

S. Kluemper Benefits of the new Allison 9-speed fully automatic – Medium duty commercial transmission S. III-61-III-74

„… converter mode. For the new medium duty 9-speed these losses have been minimized by the introduction of 1 …” „… brief discussion on the advantages of the torque converter as a launch device is covered. New optional …” „… in combination with torque converter launch to deliver Allison’s Continuous Power Technology …”

A. Moser, F. Brezger Efficiency improvements in transmissions using new latching technologies in clutch & hydraulic actuation systems S. I-427-I-446

„… vehicle, the DCT utilizes a hydraulic pump for actuation of the clutch and shift forks, which converts …” „… power losses and some approaches to reduce them. BorgWarner investigated several approaches and shows …” „… pressure levels. Here, the leakage losses of an oil feed are avoided totally, but the friction losses are …”

A. Kooy, R. Seebacher Minimize torsional vibrations – Full isolation if necessary S. I-313-I-328

„… combustion engine losses due to lower speeds. If, however, the internal combustion engine is operated at …” „… increased to prevent loss of performance. Other vibration-related challenges arise from downsizing and the …” „… already produced for transmission applications. Two-thirds of those are installed in the converter in …”

W. Wenzel, M. Eglinger, M. Li, C. Sieg, J. Hengst, F. Küçükay Next generation of 48V HEV S. I-295-I-312

„… ) is used. Furthermore, a lossmap-based transmission loss simulation is integrated to improve the …” „… easy to be installed, however, the losses on the recuperation path from the wheels to the motor …” „… characterized by low mechanical losses in the recuperation path. However, the operation point of the EM cannot …”

P. Lück, K. Bennewitz, J. Tousen Volkswagen’s electric drivetrains of the new modular e-drive kit (MEB) S. I-515-I-530

„… to run on overload for short periods and at low drag losses. Therefore, it fits perfect for …” „… platform, the DC/DC converter for supplying the vehicle's 12 V electrical system is not integrated into …” „… the PI, but designed as a separate, liquid-cooled component. The converter can be variably installed …”

S. Demmerer Efficiency of electric axle drive systems – Potential of multi-speed-drives S. I-279-I-286

„… and energy in. In the best case, without any losses, it is 100%. In conventional powertrains, the …” „… e-drive converts electric energy into mechanical energy while driving and mechanical energy into electric …” „… charged energy. Lower charged energy leads to lower losses by the charger. This can be a significant …”

G. Hellenbroich Low-cost DCT for emerging markets incl. 48 V hybridization S. I-67-I-78

„… transmission length. For the hybridization of torque converter based transmissions such as conventional …” „… automatic transmissions, one common solution is the replacement of the torque converter by an electric …” „… converter based transmissions, hybridization of DCT presents an unequally bigger challenge: For a P2 …”

K. Hasegawa, D. Kosaka, S. Shimizu, K. Kawabata, H. Tsukashima Development of new hybrid AWD system for the SUV segment S. I-501-I-514

„… to compensate for driving force loss that occurs when the main front driven wheels slip. To …” „… capable of compensating for front-wheel driving force loss at the rear wheels. Sufficient acceleration to …” „… inverters after the boost converter steps up the voltage supplied by the high-voltage battery. The overall …”

S. Kurokawa, M. Kunihisa, Y. Oyama Development of a new next-generation CVT for small cars S. I-385-I-396

„… (mm) Distance between Pulley shafts Item Torque capacity Control system Torque converter size Gear …” „… : Cross-sectional view of variator structure 4-3 Efforts to reduce mechanical losses Low-friction ball …” „… efforts made to improve vehicle fuel economy, hardware measures were adopted to reduce mechanical losses …”

A. Kinigadner, T. Biermann Schaeffler eAxle family – future solutions for the electric drivetrain S. I-567-II-VIII

„… eddy-current-driving voltages and thereby result in losses due to heating of the stator and rotor, are relevant. These …” „… process is eliminated. This helps to reduce eddy current losses, increase the cooling surface area of the …” „… limitations, loss optimization, torque accuracy, functional safety, and the utilization of various voltage …”

M. Lindström Gas powered heavy duty vehicles from Scania: Current program and future potential S. III-49-III-54

„… pumping losses. The EGR-system can be seen on the hot side of the engine in Fig. 3. VDI-Berichte …” „… automatic transmission with a torque converter or with Scania Opticruise. The Scania Opticruise is an …”

L. Herdle 7DCT/HDT400 – New fuel-efficient FWD DCT and hybrid transmission for up to 400 Nm S. I-95-I-102

„… sliding speed in the mesh. A second area of improvement is a reduction of oil splash losses: A lower oil …” „… systems. For a fair comparison the connecting and damping element (Flex plate for torque converter …”

A. Locher, M. Ebenhoch, P. Gutmann Innovative 8HP modular design kit for conventional, MHEV and PHEV transmissions S. I-103-I-112

„… suppliers. Torque converter transmissions, dual clutch transmissions and continuously variable …” „… purely electric driving results in significant CO2 advantages. In addition, mechanical losses in the 4th …”

C. Schoerghuber, I. Müller, H. Wiener Dedicated hybrid transmission for commercial vehicle applications – Mechanical layout, system analysis and simulation of a dedicated hybrid transmission for commercial vehicles S. III-29-III-48

„… considered system and negative if the power is going out of the system. No losses are considered in the …” „… . The resulting transmission output power equals the battery power as no losses are considered in Fig …” „… . 2354, 201944 sion (AT) and torque converter is performed. Thereby, a state-of-the-art AT transmission …”

K. von Rueden, C. Danzer, J. Liebold, T. Mueller, T. Hirschbeck 1, 2 or 3 – how much it would be? Evaluating the need of multispeed electric drives coming from different perspectives S. I-227-I-254

„… the three points of view: • Vehicle longitudinal performance, • Efficiency, powertrain losses and …” „… socalled DC/DC-voltage increased by means of a boost converter, or the maximum switching frequency of the …” „… , speed-dependent losses, such as friction losses on bearings and seals or the ventilation losses of the rotating …”

M. Maillard, L. Laurenty, S. Chretien Impact of hybridization on functional safety for low voltage eMotors – Impact of electrical and hybrid architectures (P2 P4) on the ASIL of electrical machines (eMotors) S. II-141-II-150

„… or negative, Loss of torque, no torque, under torque positive or negative) Table 4: Powertrain …” „… safe state is ASC mode (Active Short Circuit). The ASC mode prevents the machine to convert mechanical …”

A. Harsch, G. Clausen, A. Rink Modular system 8G-DCT with all-wheel drive S. I-79-I-94

„… automatic transmission with torque converter for Mercedes-Benz specific comfort, figure 2, [2]. Featuring …” „… Minimization of mechanical and electrical losses Reduction of weight through systematic lightweight design …” „… the disconnect clutch find place in the power head. The low-loss wet disconnect clutch is integrated …”

R. Nasdal, K. Masser Diverse requirements, one product family – The HV Kit for LCV from MAGNA S. III-55-III-60

„… only few components are contributing to losses in transmission system. These are mainly gears …” „… manual transmissions. Torque-Converter Automatics use the same components but in addition a …”

A. Esser, J.-E. Schleiffer, T. Eichenlaub, S. Rinderknecht Development of an optimization framework for the comparative evaluation of the ecoimpact of powertrain concepts S. I-137-I-162

„… and power ratings of energy converters are assigned to characteristic vehicles that are intended to …” „… that consists of components for the energy converters (Internal Combustion Engine ICE, Electric …” „… into account. Subsequently, the operating strategy chooses operating points for the energy converters …”

V. Schroiff A modular Concept for EMI shielding of thermoplastic housings for E-Cars – An innovative approach to support weight saving and function integration S. II-161-III-VIII

„… task as the seal against media loss, dirt and water penetration. However, it is based on completely …” „… , converters and onboard charging units What’s the impact from AUTOSAR and ASIL? Design and test methods of …”

K. Baron, C. Rübsam, M. Werra, F. Küçükay Hybridized manual transmission – Opportunities and challenges of mild hybridization S. I-49-I-66

„… electrical motor and an electric actuated clutch. Components like DC/DC converter and 48V battery are not …” „… wheels resulting in low torque losses in electrical drive mode and recuperation. To keep the …” „… the wheels independently from gear actuation. The negative effect of propulsion torque loss during …”

A. Lampe, R. Serway, L. Große Siestrup, C. Gühmann Artificial intelligence in transmission control – Clutch engagement with reinforcement learning S. I-113-I-132

„… low-speed range thanks to the natural, smooth transmission behavior of the hydraulic torque converter. In …” „… 's expectations. While a hydraulic torque converter is mechanically designed to fulfill these requirements, an …” „… additional friction loss constraints which must be taken into account when defining the control targets. As a …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023549

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ELIV 2023

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2423 2023

Results in this title

D. Nardo, G. Aiello, F. Gennaro Analysis of WBG based hybrid semiconductors approach for bidirectional PFC in On-board charger applications S. 223-234

„… converter, considering only the power losses of all semiconductors, for both horizontal and vertical legs …” „… higher operating temperature compared to silicon. Moreover, WBG reduces conduction and switching losses …” „… switching losses and optimize the RDS(on)xArea (Ω/cm2). Table 1: Summary of material properties and their …”

A. Hensel, D. Derix, J. Bornwasser Power electronic system technology for future high-power charging systems on highways or large inner-city electric charging stations with several MVA system size S. 235-246

„… losses lead to a high compactness and at the same time high efficiency. In simulations, efficiencies of …” „… system. The long cable runs and high power ratings result in high installation costs and high line losses …” „… range of 1.5 kVDC (see Fig. 1). A galvanically isolated converter couples the DC distribution network to …”

S. Miller, L. Nicoletti A Holistic Approach for Designing a Battery Electric Vehicle Thermal Management System S. 77-90

„… (and the DC-DC converter) are represented together and have a lesser impact. The HVAC losses are …” „… energy losses occurring in the powertrain, drivetrain, and thermal management components. Subsequently …” „… the thermal behavior of these components, it is necessary to model their electrical load, losses, and …”

T. Hinzmann Achieving Ubiquitous Connectivity for Future Vehicles S. 331-346

„… . It will turbocharge the 5G FR1 MIMO performance, avoiding signal loss on cables inside the car …” „… satellite result in high losses and reduced signal strength performance and, thus, data rate. Fig. 6: Low …” „… transmission. Its own transceiver and data converters feed each antenna element. Digital beamforming enables …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024232

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Suppressing Electromagnetic Interference in Switching Converters by Chaotic Duty Modulation

Yuhong Song

Series: Informatik/ Kommunikation

Volume 850 2017

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Introduction S. 1-13

„… 1 Introduction 1.1 Switching Converters A power supply is the device which transforms the …” „… frequency [1]. It makes use of the rectifier or the inverter, or both. A rectifier converts AC into DC while …” „… an inverter DC into AC, which are called AC-DC converter and DC-AC converter respectively. The …”

System Stability under Chaotic Duty Modulation S. 57-71

„… 6 System Stability under Chaotic Duty Modulation 6.1 Introduction The switching converter is a …” „… ]. According to the classical control theory, the stability analysis of the switching converter is normally …” „… analyze the stability of boost converter with chaotic frequency modulation [53], and CaliskanV used CAM to …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-VIII

„… existing PWM module of the switching converter, which is practicable without the loss of the generality. It …” „… Reihe 10 Suppressing Electromagnetic Interference in Switching Converters by Chaotic Duty Modulation …” „… Suppressing Electromagnetic Interference in Switching Converters by Chaotic Duty Modulation DISSERTATION zur …”

Conclusions S. 88-89

„… switching converter, which is practicable without the loss of the generality. b. The central frequency of a …” „… 9 Conclusions Switching converters play an important role in many fields. However, converters …” „… EMI for application of switching converters. Chaotic modulation has been developed to suppress EMI of …”

The Remaining Useful Life under Chaotic Modulation S. 72-82

„… rising result in the increase of the output voltage ripples in buck DC converter with computer simulation …” „… the remaining useful life of switching converters. Firstly, from the failure modes of the switching …” „… converter, the critical components and their failure model are obtained, which lead to the whole converter …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186850102

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ELIV 2019

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2357 2019

Results in this title

T. Bürger, Kunal Goray, F. Berg, W. Resende Modular DC-DC converter for high-performance fuel-cell systems in trucks and buses S. 189-200

„… Interleaved DC-DC Converter with Reduced Loss for Fuel Cell Vehicle Application: IEEE 2017 [5] Cheng, el al …” „… Modular DC-DC converter for high-performance fuel-cell systems in trucks and buses Thorsten …” „… and new requirements on the DC-DC converter and other electronics of the PEM fuel-cell system. The …”

T. Grasshoff, O. Tamm Efficiency Advantages of SiC in Electric Drive Train Applications S. 169-176

„… IGBT´s. IGBT´s in this voltage class have three time the dynamic losses compared to the lower blocking …” „… typical power range is between 40 and 250kW. The cost split of a reference converter shows that the power …” „… switching unipolar device which enables low switching losses. Figure 1 shows the material characteristics …”

A. Kashyap, A. Gendron-Hansen, D. Sdrulla, B. Odekirk The Transition of EV Applications from Silicon to Silicon Carbide – Helping the power electronics design community overcome reliability challenges for EV applications that use silicon carbide S. 177-188

„… converters, and EV traction inverters must consider established and new technologies that enable achievement …” „… include the external DC charger, the on-board charger, a DC-DC converter and the traction motor control …” „… parts or SiC modules provides a viable AC-DC converter architecture. At and above 120 kW power levels …”

O. Bitsche 800V Fast Charging is Reality – From the Vision in 2015 to Reality in 2019 S. 529-536

„… requirement of more than 600 hp (440kW). To solve the trade-off between cable cross-section, heat-loss and …” „… converter for the electrical drive engines and the electronics of the H2O heater. The 12V and the 48V …” „… System is powered by a combined DC/DC converter from the 800V battery. The 48 V voltage level is mainly …”

S. Wagner, F. Wüst, S. Trampert, F. Sehr, A. Middendorf, O. Wittler, M. Schneider-Ramelow Condition monitoring for failure monitoring of power electronic assemblies S. 115-126

„… events, of which only one is evaluated at the moment. The time to digital converter (TDC), an Acam GP 22 …” „… collector-emitter voltage are measured by analog digital-converters (ADC) and communicated to the evaluation unit …” „… switching losses, i.e. the non-linear behaviour of the semiconductor, result in a current dependent …”

P. Griefnow, J. Andert, M. Engels, J. Richenhagen, D. Jolovic Holistic Energy Management of 48V Mild Hybrid Vehicles S. 127-138

„… supplied by a bi-directional DC/DC converter with a peak power of up to 3.5 kW. Due to the modifications …” „… additional air and fuel mass, the BSG converts electrical energy directly into mechanical propulsion energy …” „… the coolant pump and the 12V system via the DC/DC converter. The available battery discharge capacity …”

B. Fähnrich, A. Körner Easy Integration of 48V Mild Hybridization by Dual Voltage Battery Management – Realizing CO2 saving potentials by low implementation efforts S. 139-152

„… Battery Management (2VBM) comes in. This bridging technology makes it possible to convert vehicles to a 48 …” „… vehicle also needs to be able to accommodate a 48V lithium ion battery and a 48V/12V DC/DC converter …” „… converter within the package space of the existing 12V lead acid battery (between battery size H5 and H7 …”

F. Graf, S. Baensch, T. Knorr, D. Ellmer, C. Marechal 48 Volt High Power: Electric Drive for Excellent CO2 Emissions & Electric Driving Features S. 153-168

„… common that the drag losses of the combustion engine are avoided during braking, coasting and electric …” „… Combustion Engine (ICE) and the transmission (Fig 5). Hence drag losses in hybrid states such as …” „… , the catalytic converter from EMICAT® with two heating discs represents a logical step towards heating …”

P. Gesner, F. Kirschbaum, F. Landenberger, J. Scheiffele, L. Morawietz, B. Bäker Modeling and identification of electrochemical energy storage for drive train development – Review and evaluation S. 101-114

„… energies and particularly the high efficiency of their drive trains. The power losses no longer occur …” „… advantage is a graphical separation of the individual effects causing the power loss. Additionally, they …” „… ). He converts his ECM into a mathematical structure, similar to an ARX model, and can thus estimate …”

K. Hohmann, F. Rabe, C. Menzenbach 3D-Displays with Lightfield Technology for a natural look and feel – User experience between attention-guiding and brand emotion S. 79-86

„… brightness losses. The limitation to two views can give the 3D contents an “artificial” appearance. To …” „… Automotive Software Development Kit (SDK) helps to create or convert content to the Lightfield format, with …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023570

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Drivetrain for Vehicles 2016

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2276 2016

Results in this title

O. Back, A. Damm, P. Echtler Clutches with positive fit for Automatic Transmissions S. 221-230

„… gaining market share, while traditional torque-converter transmissions will stay at approximately the same …” „… ), traditional torque-converter transmissions continue to rely on integrated hydraulics with common oil …” „… related required number of frictional elements result in significant drag loss when the shifting elements …”

M. Maisch, M. Homm, U. Keller The Highly Efficient 9GH-TRONIC Plug-In Hybrid Transmission by Mercedes-Benz S. 339-352

„… electrified by the innovative and highly compact plug-in hybrid powerhead with an integrated torque converter …” „… now being hybridized by means of a new, even more powerful hybrid powerhead with a torque converter …” „… developed hybrid powerhead combines a disconnect clutch, torque converter with lock-up clutch, electric …”

V. Warth, B. Reick, B. Bertsche, M. Geimer Efficient analysis of complex continuously variable power split transmissions with multiple in- and outputs S. 719-730

„… the path attached to the energy converter. Ideally: (21) With loss: (22 …” „… common that they convert the speed and the torque between two shafts and according to an adjustable ratio …” „… instance, pressure losses in the hydrostatic variators, result in torque losses that are calculated using …”

J.-N. Mach, G. Poll Influence of surface structures on the operational behavior of continuously variable transmissions S. 919-920

„… proportion of the additional losses occur due to sliding of the belt or the chain in the torque converter …” „… far intentional structuring of the torque converter surfaces can influence the traction behavior of …” „… performance data were power in- and output and thereby losses and efficiency, belt slip and the ratio of …”

G. McIndoe, E. Taskiran CVT powerpath solutions using Variglide Continuously Variable Planetary for maximum fuel economy S. 921-930

„… evaluate and optimize various power path configurations, a loss model is developed to estimate total …” „… transmission losses. This transmission loss model can then be used within a full vehicle simulation to …” „… are presented and the loss model results are developed. These models are used in an analysis of a …”

F. Brezger, A. Moser Energy Saving Potentials by Advanced Functionalities of Clutch or Brake actuator Systems for Vehicle Drivetrains S. 137-156

„… as possible in low loss regions of its VDI-Berichte 2276, 2016138 characteristic map. Fig. 1 shows …” „… evaluated. 2. State of art 2.1. Continuously Variable Transmissions and torque converters In CVTs there …” „… clutches in CVTs a third one is used to bypass the Torque Converter (T/C). This Torque Converter LockUp …”

A. Lampe, U. Mettin, R. Serway Clutch control of stepped automatic transmissions by using a virtual DCT-structure – Power shifts made easy with generic control software S. 405-420

„… loss of traction power. These so called power shifts work in the same way for both transmission types …” „… each gear (right). In most ATs a starting element, e.g. a torque converter, is used to ensure a …” „… comfortable start. To reduce losses an additional clutch locks the starting element in normal driving mode …”

D. J. Franco, L. Dalla Palma, P. Rossi, F. Panizzolo HVT high dynamics and power management strategies for wheel loader application S. 595-604

„… traditional power-shift technology with Torque Converters (TC), the Hydromechanical Variable power split …” „… the HVT unknown external loads (hydraulics working, auxiliaries losses, …) C yan M agenta Y ellow B …”

R. Nasdal, U. Bernhardt Cascaded gears: Possible Applications and Experiences S. 101-108

„… the transmission in its original use as a converter for VDI-Berichte 2276, 2016 101 torque and speed …” „… leading to a slightly increased torque loss in this ratio, but the ratio is used only for such a short …” „… gear, leading to reduced splash losses and significant savings in weight and package space requirement …”

B. Kluge Systematic approach to generate Multi-Mode-Transmissions – Method to evaluate the potential of Multi-Mode-Transmissions S. 157-166

„… , friction shift elements, a hydraulic system and a torque converter. For the hybrid functionalities an …” „… energy-conversion losses. On the other side, the vehicle velocity is restricted by the maximum speed of the …” „… achieve this, the function of the torque converter was transferred to a shifting element. VDI-Berichte …”

S. Fujimoto, N. Shiomura, K. Sato, Y. Kawahara The Trend and Future of Torque Converter for CVT S. 869-878

„… The Trend and Future of Torque Converter for CVT Shinji Fujimoto, Nobuyoshi Shiomura, Keiji Sato …” „… 2276, 2016 869 to the development of variator design and the reduction of friction loss with low …” „… viscosity CVTF. Torque Converter (TC) can be the best launch device system at the point of smoothness. At …”

Y. Takeda, M. Kawaminami, M. Tsuchida, H. Takekawa Gear Whine Noise Reduction Technology of New Model Transmission for FF-Hybrid Vehicle S. 435-450

„… driving force. For deceleration, it converts the kinetic energy of the vehicle into electric energy. And …” „… . (2) Reducing the weight and mechanical loss to contribute to fuel economy. (3) Improving the …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181022764

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Nutzfahrzeuge 2017 – Commercial Vehicles 2017

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2298 2017

Results in this title

F. Sauter, H. Mozer, B. Fessler, J. Glückler Development of an 8-speed Automatic Transmission for Medium-duty Trucks and Buses – Market analysis, selection, detailed definition and comparison of concepts and rollout of a segment-optimized tra... S. 197-208

„… words, torque converter transmissions (AT) and dual-clutch systems (DCT) – had the most potential to …” „… countershaft design or the torque converter automatic transmissions (AT) of a planetary design. An extensive …” „… ZF analysis examined both the DCT and torque converter AT transmission concepts and evaluated how …”

T. Huber, T. Grossner Future CO2 legislation and innovations to reduce TCO – using Continental Innovation Truck as an example – Evaluation of Photovoltaic System and Coasting Technology S. 79-102

„… vehicle architecture via Solar DCDC Converter which improves vehicle energy management Depending on …” „… intelligent connection with the battery system via a 24 V solar- DCDC converter. The DCDC converter system …” „… energy balance reporting. The Continental DCDC converter system charges batteries from 6 V to maximum …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181022986

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Dritev – Drivetrain For Vehicles 2018

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2328 2018

Results in this title

M. Roßhuber, G. Schromm, K. Kranz The new BMW automatic transmission – Challenges in development S. I-11-I-22

„… an earlier and faster control process. This reduces the energy losses in the converter without …” „… reduced friction losses at the same time. More sportiness and driving pleasure with less fuel consumption …” „… , torque converter/damper, ...) 2 Selection of an appropriate transmission concept The basic decision …”

G. Bednarek, K. Geratz, H. Chariou The all-new 8-speed AT for the Opel Grandland X S. I-1-I-10

„… converter with clutch and twin-stage Super Long Travel Damper provides noise and vibration benefits. A newly …” „… material reduce heat generation and accompanying losses. A chain driven off-axis low loss oil pump, dynamic …” „… super flat torus Torque Converters with integrated two-stage super long travel dampers and lock-up …”

C. Sibla, A. Donges, F. Jauch Third Generation of ZF’s 8-speed automatic transmission – Reducing CO2 emissions in the 8HP transmission S. I-23-I-32

„… meantime, converter transmissions, dual clutch transmissions and continuously variable transmissions have …” „… pump losses, leakages, clutch drag losses or improving damping elements to further reduce engine …” „… comprehensive analysis of the remaining sources of loss for different consumption cycles was performed. The …”

T. Smejkal, C. Wirth Innovative transmission topologies using the example of a P2-hybridtransmission for front-transverse applications S. I-147-I-162

„… torque converter. With the help of the transmission synthesis program “PlanGear”, developed by ZG GmbH …” „… losses as well as installation space compared to conventional AT by using dog clutches and thereby …” „… clutches and brakes. A torque converter between motor and gearbox enables for smooth take-offs and a …”

M. Bahne, U. Frey, G. Schlager Transmission technology contribution to CO2 roadmap – a benchmark S. I-285-I-304

„… gears (DCT and AT), torque-converter and hydraulic losses (AT and CVT), and clamping forces for …” „… proprietary Magna designs. This article will first compare the efficiency losses of current DCT, AT, and …” „… also include a discussion of the pros and cons of torque-converter-based eight-speed automatic …”

R. Savelsberg, P. Griefnow, G. Birmes, A. Sehr Advanced powertrain functions of 48 V hybrid vehicles – Efficient powertrains does not exclude driving pleasure S. I-499-I-516

„… (LFP) technology and a 3 kW bidirectional DC/DC converter. The 12.5 kW electric machine is integrated …” „… components directly via the 48 V power net, since losses during conversion from 48 V to 12 V and the higher …” „… cable losses due to the higher currents are avoided. Pumps, heaters, active suspensions as well as the …”

M. Mileti, H. Pflaum, K. Stahl TorqueLINE cone clutch: Thermo-mechanical stability of cone clutches for ATs S. I-357-I-368

„… torque converter own a consolidated share of the overall transmission market, especially in northern …” „… important source of losses in ATs is still determined by drag torque of disengaged wet multiple disc …” „… clutches. To reduce said losses, the latter can be substituted in some cases by dog clutches, causing …”

M. Werra, A. Ringleb, C. Sieg, F. Küçükay Thermal behavior of 48 V hybrid systems S. I-529-II-VI

„… as various operating modes. Loss maps define the efficiency behavior, calculated in advance by a …” „… separate transmission loss calculation. It is possible to integrate up to nine electric machines into the …” „… converter or a rigid connection. The input of the launch element represents the boundary conditions for any …”

R. Bredtmann, M. Beck, O. Mühlfeld, K. Olesen, O. Shajarati Robust multi-chip power module for effective integration to automotive powertrains – Danfoss DCM™1000 meets future automotive requirements S. II-1-II-18

„… ®”: Due to a full cover with copper foil on the chips’ top metal surface, resistive losses can be reduced …” „… performance because the Eon losses of the IGBTs are significantly reduced due to SiC Diode. A SiC chipset …” „… . Dr. Ronald Eisele; Direct liquid cooling of power modules in converters for the wind industry, PCIM …”

W. Guo, M. Jordan, X. Xu The application of fast and efficient clutch coordination control in a P2 hybrid automatic transmission S. I-465-I-484

„… torque converter with the C0 (engine disconnect) clutch, the IMG (Integrated Motor/Generator) and the …” „… the first shift process effectively for second shift, the second shift slip energy loss can be …” „… reduced much. The whole shift energy loss can also be reduced at the same time. Fig.11 compares shift …”

K. Bennewitz, A. Mann Powertrain electrification exemplified by the VW Golf S. II-135-II-168

„… ). Electric motor and transmission share the same shaft bearing to minimize friction losses. Oil supply is …” „… to a low-loss fixed/floating bearing arrangement. Overall, the acoustic characteristics of the …” „… DC/DC converter form the power electronics, which is water-cooled overall. The electric motor torque is …”

A. Viehmann, R. König, S. Rinderknecht Investigation of gear shifts in a parallel-series hybrid powertrain with dog clutches in a demonstrator vehicle (two-drive-transmission with range-extender, DE-REX) S. I-323-I-346

„… (which are less efficient due to drag losses, cost intensive and require a lot of application effort …” „… simulator instead of a HV battery. Furthermore, the OBC and the DC/DC converter are not necessary and the …” „… transmission parts lose speed due to drag losses (here: EM2 in phase ADC2). Additionally, the speed of the …”

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Suppressing Electromagnetic Interference in Switching-Mode Power Supplies by Chaotic Carrier Frequency Modulation

Junying Niu

Series: Informatik/ Kommunikation

Volume 851 2017

Results in this title

References S. 95-106

„… Converters–a Review. Journal of Power Electronics, 11(5):767–777, 2011. [3] W. H. Parker. Electromagnetic …” „… 177–186, Feb 1996. [4] H. Li. Reducing Electromagnetic Interference in DC-DC Converters with Chaos Control …” „… . Classification and comparison of emi mitigation techniques in switching power converters - a review. Journal of …”

Introduction S. 1-16

„… goal of soft switching technique is to reduce the switching loss when converters operate at high …” „… electric energy of the power supply is transferred to the output device through the switching converter at …” „… application of SMPS. Even more, some sensitive devices have to adopts the linear power supply with a loss of …”

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Gießtechnik im Motorenbau 2023

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2410 2023

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W. Schöffmann, M. Plettenberg, P. Kapus, M. Howlett Hybridmotoren mit CO2 neutralen Kraftstoffen – Anforderungen an Wasserstoff-, Alkohol- und e-Fuel Kompatibilität S. 57-74

„… losses.VDI-Berichte Nr. 2410, 202362 Figure 6 Engine Technology for High Efficiency - BTE and specific power [4 …” „… minimise mechanical losses of the base engine: long stroke (S/B > 1.2) crankshaft offset 12~15% of stroke …” „… higher thermal losses compared to conventional fuels, although actual achievements in heavy duty engines …”

P. Grzeschik, M. Schwaderlapp, A. Plumpe Sustainable Drivetrains for Non-Road Mobile Machinery The DEUTZ TCG 7.8 H2 Hydrogen Combustion Engine S. 91-108

„… wheel. If the electric power is convert-ed into any kind of fuel the first step is the electrolysis from …” „… water to hydrogen. Every further conversion creates losses. Finally, the limited average efficiency of a …” „… , 45% will arrive on the wheel using electric drive considering battery charging and decharging losses …”

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LAND.TECHNIK AgEng 2019

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2361 2019

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H. Neurath, L. Frerichs Approach to reduce the complexity increase in development processes of mobile machines S. 265-272

„… given example of a hydraulic drive shows, pumps and motors are represented by one converter symbol …” „… . General speaking, converters change the energy form from the input to the output, here mechanical to …” „… converter-transformercombinations, since here the major complexity arises. Developer tool As described above, the three drive …”

M. Sax, R. Latsch, T. Anken, V. Moser, P. Krummenacher Automated site-specific overseeding of grassland S. 165-228

„… germinate or are suppressed by the present plants. The costs of seed loss prevent farmers from overseeding …” „… considerable amount of seeds are suppressed by the existing vegetation [5]. These seed losses can reach up to …” „… 90% [6]. The goal of the present project is to reduce these signficant seed losses by means of a …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023617

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ELIV 2024

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2441 2024

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D. Simon, T. Wenka Battery-Integrated Multilevel Inverter Technology A Highly Integrated Electric Drivetrain Approach and its Technical Implementation in a Distributed Real-Time System S. 467-476

„… multilevel series parallel converter (MMSPC) and represents a highly integrated electric drivetrain in a …” „… drivetrain for function demonstration based on multilevel converter technology. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2441, 2024 …” „… component – the so-called AC battery implemented with multilevel converter technology. The AC battery …”

T. Huck, A. Achtzehn When innovation demand meets E/E architecture Further endeavours into next-gen architectural designs S. 395-406

„… . Unsurprisingly, a large-scale fault in the wiring system can nowadays mean a total loss of the vehicle. That’s …” „… designers have removed the secondary DC/DC converter and the second low-voltage battery. The performance of …” „… balancing and pack switching. The challenge in the component design is with the DC/DC converters. They need …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024416

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41. Internationales Wiener Motorensymposium 22.-24. April 2020

Bernhard Geringer (ed.), Hans-Peter Lenz (ed.)

Series: Verkehrstechnik/Fahrzeugtechnik

Volume 813 2020

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T. Hamatani, T. Uehara, K. Akimoto, T. Hayashi, H. Kitadani, T. Aoki, K. Yamanaka, Y. Nishikawa, T. Okochi, M. Kanehara Neuentwicklung des Hybridsystems für die Kompaktklasse/New Development of Hybrid System for Compact Car S. II-1-II-15

„… results in a further reduction of electrical loss. DC/DC converter Packaging copper parts and …” „… increased output density and loss reduction, transaxle developed with enhanced lubrication method …” „… system total loss.(Fig. 6) The new engine has been developed under TNGA philosophy with a 500cc cylinder …”

E. Jean, E. Barrieu, M. Capirchia, C. Herbers Elektrisch heizbarer Katalysator: technische Anforderungen und Haupteinflussfaktoren /Electrically Heated Catalyst: Requirements, Controls and Key Parameters S. I-311-I-327

„… under 12V would require very high currents, leading in turn to high Joule effect losses, making very …” „… the current by a factor around 4. Associated losses, wiring sections and costs can be reduced …” „… accordingly. High Voltage HEV/ PHEV systems increase the available power, but a current converter is needed …”

O. Bitsche Porsche Taycan, 800V Technologie fur hochperformantes Laden und Fahren /Porsche Taycan, 800V Technology Enabling High Performance Charging and Driving S. I-28-I-38

„… between cable crosssection, heat-loss and weight of the high voltage system, it was also necessary to …” „… example the DC/AC converter for the electrical drive motors and the electronics of the H2O heater. The …” „… 12V and the 48V System is powered by a combined DC/DC converter from the 800V battery. The 48 V …”

D. Song, W. Happenhofer, Z. Yuan, Y. Cui, Z. Zhang, D. Wang 1,5 T - Modulare Motorplattform mit hoher Effizienz/1.5T High Thermal Efficiency Modular Engine Platform S. II-186-II-201

„… regulation, thus reducing the pump gas loss and engine fuel consumption. CVVL mechanism mainly comprises …” „… free control, so as to reducing the pump loss and fuel consumption; In the middle load area, medium …” „… consumption due to the reduced pumping loss; it can also improve engine dynamic performance by reducing knock …”

R. Golisano, V. Rampino, A. Vassallo, N. P. Sacco, L. Magro, G. D'Aurizio, S. Trimboli, A. G. Marino, V. Biasin, I. Zallio, R. Vernassa, J. Wartha, D. Kaminski Der neue General Motors 1.5 Liter Diesel 3-Zylinder-Motor/The New General Motors 1.5 Liter Diesel 3-Cylinder Engine S. II-149-II-185

„… engine overall power loss. At the same time, it must be sized according to the max peak firing pressure …” „… to further reduce the overall mechanical friction losses has been considered since the beginning of …” „… to reduce the piston side load on the thrust side as another key contributor to overall power losses …”

V. Schallhart, T. Steiner, L. Möltner, M. Hohensinner, L. Flicker Vergleichende Untersuchungen von frischen und gealterten Katalysatoren in Diesel-Abgasnachbehandlungssystemen und der Einfluss von NO2 auf den NOx-Umsatz /A Comparative Study of Fresh and Aged Catalyt... S. II-462-II-476

„… Converters in Diesel Exhaust Gas Systems and the Impact of NO2 on the overall NOx Conversion Abstract …” „… Effects of Catalytic Converters in Diesel Exhaust Gas Systems and Their Influence on Real Driving NOx …” „… ., Chatterjee, D., Bandl-Konrad, B., and Burkhardt, T., "Modelling of an SCR Catalytic Converter for Diesel …”

H. Karacali, O. Senturk Remote-Testautomatisierungssystem/Remote Test Automation System (RTAS) S. II-342-II-349

„… . Given the increasing need for testing, this difficulty leads to loss of productivity. The aim of this …” „… 7, a brand-specific bench, a brand-specific ECU, a USB CAN converter cable, and improved special …”

M. Bell, S. Kollamthodi, N. Hill, A. Greaney Die „Net-Zero-Herausforderung“ - Auswirkungen der Lebenszyklusanalyse auf Antriebssystemtechnologien, Lieferketten und die regulatorische Landschaft /The Net Zero Challenge - Life Cycle Impacts on Pro... S. I-171-I-190

„… Summary of the applied methodological proposal Losses Losses associated with grid integration …” „… differentiated material compositions, material losses, process energy and auxiliary materials for generic …” „… ; (5) Inverter, Boost converter, Power control unit, Wiring harness, Regenerative braking system, HVAC …”

N. Andrisani, F. Contarin, A. Lorenzon, M. Nencioni, M. Scassa, F. Mallamo, T. Korfer, H. Busch Innovative Ventiltriebe als Beitrag zur Erfullung zukunftiger Emissionsanforderungen im Stadtbetrieb /Novel Valvetrain Design as Enabler for Compliance with Upcoming Stringent Emission Demands in Urba... S. I-285-I-310

„… the SCR. The first three catalytic converters are designed as a close-coupled system upstream of low …” „… lead to a reduced heat losses, which helps to improve efficiency and increase exhaust gas temperature …” „… - ▪ In CDA mode only two cylinders are fired and thereby the surface area for heat losses from the …”

J. Kolling Die Rolle von Kooperationen fur die BMW Group/The Role of Cooperations for the BMW Group S. I-433-II-X

„… Converters in Diesel Exhaust Gas Systems and the Impact of NO2 on the Overall NOx Conversion 462 – 476 …” „… Reduce Wall Heat Losses on a Diesel Engine 488 – 511 Prof. Z. J. Sroka, Technische Universität …”

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