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Kupplungs- und Bremssysteme für mobile und stationäre Anwendungen

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2414 2023

Results in this title

L. Pointner-Gabriel, K. Voelkel, H. Pflaum, K Stahl A Methodology for Data-driven Modeling and Prediction of the Drag Losses of Wet Clutches S. 125-154

„… A Methodology for Data-driven Modeling and Prediction of the Drag Losses of Wet Clutches M.Sc …” „… 125 Abstract In wet clutches, load-independent drag losses occur in the disengaged state and under …” „… reliably by means of costly and time-consuming measurements. As an alternative, the drag losses can already …”

C. Sax, A. Stroh, R. Leister, M. Dreisbach, J. Kriegseis, C. Denda, P. Bürk Fluid-mechanical evaluation of different clutch geometries based on experimental and numerical investigations S. 109-124

„… vectoring modules, have losses in the disengaged state that contribute in the range of one digit percentage …” „… to the energy losses in the drive train. Therefore, causing additional energy consumption, which …” „… causes increased CO2 production and further wear on parts in the drive train. The losses induced in the …”

R. Leister, B. Frohnapfel, J. Kriegseis Die Strömung in einer offenen nasslaufenden Lamellenkupplung – The fluid flow in an open wet clutch S. 99-108

„… . It allows an improved gain of knowledge regarding the generated drag torque and the physical process …” „… . Parameters contributing to power loss in disengaged wet clutches. SAE Transactions, 83:2498–2507, 1974. ISSN …” „… , M. Kubota, M. Ogawa, and N. Takakura. Prediction of drag torque in a disengaged wet clutch of …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-X

„… Methodology for Data-driven Modeling and Prediction of the Drag Losses of Wet Clutches 125L. Pointner-Gabriel …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024140

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Drivetrain for Vehicles 2016

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2276 2016

Results in this title

S. A. Pahlovy, S. Faria Mahmud, M. Kubota, M. Ogawa, N. Takakura Improvement of transmission efficiency by reducing the drag torque in disengaged wet clutch – Development of a model for calculating drag torque or spin loss of disengaged wet clutch of transmission S. 879-896

„… Development of a model for calculating drag torque or spin loss of disengaged wet clutch of transmission …” „… efficiency of clutch performance by reducing the drag torque (DT) or spin loss. To reduce the drag torque …” „… Improvement of transmission efficiency by reducing the drag torque in disengaged wet clutch …”

O. Back, A. Damm, P. Echtler Clutches with positive fit for Automatic Transmissions S. 221-230

„… related required number of frictional elements result in significant drag loss when the shifting elements …” „… clutch allows drag loss to be significantly reduced, without considerably increasing control-related …” „… requirements. As shown in Fig. 1, the goal is to reduce drag loss, maintain the actuating force, and …”

T. M. Wolf Optimizing the gearbox efficiency rate by rolling bearings – Six speed manual transmission for front wheel drive cars S. 281-296

„… bearings drag losses vary with the engaged gear (1 to 6) too. It is also vital to emphasize that there is …” „… bearing arrangement – can result in a significant reduction of power loss. With the focus on CO2-savings …” „… conditions, functional bearing stiffness and ultimately a reduced bearing power loss at the same time the …”

R. König, A. Viehmann, S. Rinderknecht Development of the transmission control for a High-Speed Multi-Gear Powertrain Concept for Electric Vehicles S. 543-562

„… order to reduce the drag losses caused by the transmission and EM2. For STM1 no information about the …” „… and drag curves of the subtransmissions and the mechanical part of the electric machines, loss and …” „… performance of an electric vehicle. Furthermore, powertrain losses can be reduced by implementing an …”

M. Maisch, M. Homm, U. Keller The Highly Efficient 9GH-TRONIC Plug-In Hybrid Transmission by Mercedes-Benz S. 339-352

„… lubrication in purely electric driving, and the drag losses are reduced to a minimum. This makes a major …” „… driving, as a result of which the drag losses are reduced to a minimum. The efficiency advantages of the …” „… pairs of plates with a very low drag torque, and is actuated hydraulically. The clutch allows …”

R. Kronstorfer, F. Kolb, U. Pinschmidt Audi quattro – Four wheel drive becomes more efficient S. 369-382

„… system efficiency has been significantly increased. Additional losses in an all-wheel drive system …” „… is driven by the road and wheels thereby incurring friction and churning losses. In order to make a …” „… mode, the rotating plates fling the clutch oil into a reservoir in order to reduce drag torque …”

F. Markowsky Efficient Friction – Use of modern tools in friction system development S. 637-644

„… efficiency of the friction system from the manufactures view and deduction of development targets, the drag …” „… with a parallel complete compensation of inner parasitic losses, induced by sealings and bearings. In …” „… ] Drag torque phase III II I C yan M agenta Y ellow B lack 60_2276_M arkow sky.pdf M ai 17, 2016 | 15:39:17 7 dr …”

A. Albers, U. Reichert, S. Ott, A. Radimersky Software supported development of a Battery Electric Vehicle powertrain considering the efficiency S. 321-338

„… raise with higher speed [11]. In addition, losses in the shifting occur elements like drag losses and …” „… battery systems this could also be attained by multispeed gearboxes to reduce the losses in power …” „… greasing system etc. This increases gearbox volume and losses. Gearing and Bearing losses could be …”

J. Winchester, A. Favale, S. A. Martin Lightweight, Highly Efficient Drive System S. 667-680

„… losses created within the machine. This means that an intelligent cooling/air circulating design is …” „… towing conditions generating high turning losses and heat when pulled for extended periods. With the …” „… stages will rotate under towing conditions subsequently reducing gearbox drag, heat and noise. This …”

S. Fujimoto, N. Shiomura, K. Sato, Y. Kawahara The Trend and Future of Torque Converter for CVT S. 869-878

„… 2276, 2016 869 to the development of variator design and the reduction of friction loss with low …” „… drag. Fig. 11: Pulley doesn’t reach to the target 7- Performance balance of TC for CVT At the damper …”

D. Kupka, P. Tenberge Automated concept design for the evaluation of favourable AT structures S. 193-206

„… transmission components for high cost efficiency and low mechanical drag losses. To fulfil these contrary …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181022764

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DRITEV – Drivetrain for Vehicles 2021

VDI-Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2381 2021

Results in this title

T. Skubacz, C. Burkhardt, S. Krischke Shift Elements for Electric and Hybrid Drivetrains – Shift elements with low drag losses, high actuation energy efficiency and integrated overload protection S. 487-498

„… Shift Elements for Electric and Hybrid Drivetrains Shift elements with low drag losses, high …” „… small amount of play in the actuation engagement ensures low drag losses and freedom from axial forces …” „… in addition to high energy efficiency for holding and changing the state and low drag and friction …”

S. Kaimer Power to the Wheels – Challenges and Benefits of Electrified AWD for EVs and Hybrid vehicles S. 117-124

„… elimination of the longitudinal propeller shaft and hypoids with related drag losses. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2381 …” „… . It comes with relevant drag losses in the clutches, otherwise shows good response times …” „… electrical power, and a decoupling device is required to avoid drag losses. eTV The eTV drive type, like …”

T. Kaufhold, F. Schneider, O. Groneberg, A. Moser Modular Starting and Damping System integrated in 48V Hybrid Architectures – Efficient Starting System for Hybrid Vehicle Architectures S. 347-360

„… conjunction with a simplified pinion starter, this efficient ICE starting system has no losses at and above …” „… is limited by the smaller battery size, for which reason system efficiency and reduced losses grow …” „… system-related losses depending on engine speed, which ends up in a lowered overall system efficiency. This …”

S. Idler, C. Bünder Scaling the functionality of a DCT-based DHD to segmentspecific requirements – The new high torque DHD Plus S. 241-254

„… the highest gear, the EM can be disconnected, avoiding EM drag losses. At the same time, the 120 kW …” „… controlled actuation of C1 and C2, the EM torque can drag the engine up to the required ignition speed. To …” „… common general design benefits like reduced splash losses [4]. While the ICE can be decoupled as …”

F. Langhammer, A. Kappes, A. Viehmann, S. Rinderknecht Novel “Two-Drive-Transmission for Long-Range” Powertrain: Ecology and Efficiency meet Driving Comfort S. 207-228

„… ) for a full hybrid with more percentual usage of the ICE because of ASMs’ lower drag losses. For pure …” „… power shifters. This eliminates the unwanted losses of friction clutches (friction losses, drag losses …” „… to drag losses, since it is not connected to the transmission output any more. Afterwards, in phase …”

B. Krüger, G. Filomeno, D. Dennin, P. Tenberge Holistic Design of All-Wheel Drive Electric Powertrains Using a Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm S. 377-394

„… drag torque would require decoupling both drive shafts, which is not considered in this paper. While …” „… maximum torque or minimal loss, resulting in a full load torque curve and a respective efficiency map …” „… . For IMs the tool is adapted, so that iron losses are neglected at zero output torque [6]. Further …”

M. Dilzer BorgWarner P2 Modules – from HV to 48V S. 35-46

„… has positive secondary effects on the level of drag torque within the rotating parts of the module …” „… pump, AC etc. are consequently electrified, associated losses and packaging space can be dropped. This …” „… many evolutionary (small) efficiency measures to cut down the friction losses – like in bearings …”

F. Müller-Deile Advanced design of electric machines for trailers with electric axles S. 653-668

„… and reducing the losses of the drivetrain, reducing rolling resistance and air drag, predictive …” „… the ICE produces a drag torque. This drag torque leads to a brake energy of 6 kWh. This is why the …” „… to the losses of the e- Drive system finally 40.5 kWh are then recuperated and stored in the battery …”

R. Kockisch, J. Müller, Erik Schneider Modular transmission systems for future BEV platform applications S. 11-22

„… speeds is the zero drag loss for the second gear justified to a normally closed second gear while dog …” „… clutch of the first gear is open without drag losses. The variation for the electric machine is based on …”

R. R. Kasibhatla, P. Neidhardt, K. Caliskan Thermal Simulation according to Maturity Level in E-Drive Development S. 61-76

„… electromagnetic losses in electric drives into account to compute the thermal behavior of electric drive. The …” „… local thermal losses are implemented in each subdomain continuum, which interacts with the other …” „… numerical simulation. As simulation input the electro-magnetic losses from electric machine, splash and …”

A. Nees Flexible Electro-hydraulic Actuation System for Multi-speed Electrified Drivetrains – Requirements and Concept S. 275-290

„… efficiency can be gained by reducing drag and electrical losses. This can be interesting, especially for …” „… in cost, weight and drag losses. Actuation systems therefore play a major role in the value equation …” „… penalties in cost, weight and package. Furthermore, an actuation system is needed, which adds to the losses …”

C. Schmidt, H. Dhejne, J. Karlsson High Efficient 2 speed e-Axle – Highly efficient and shiftable under load S. 145-158

„… the second gear only, therefore drag losses in first gear need to be avoided as much as possible …” „… comfortable power shift with low-loss gear shifting with manageable control effort. With this innovative …” „… have lower switching losses than state of the art IGBT solutions and allows to increase the switching …”

J. De Landtsheere TREMEC HYbrid DRive Axle – HYDRA – Hybridization enables RWD dynamics in a FWD car S. 125-144

„… TM losses), direct response of the electric assistance in hybrid mode regardless of ICE drivetrain …” „… oil, improving churning losses and clutch controllability. The offset between input and output shafts …” „… between the clutch plates to ensure minimal drag torque with open clutches. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2381 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XVI

„… low drag losses, high actuation energy efficiency and integrated overload protection …”

P. Barve Gear Design Challenges of 2-speed-AMT High Torque E-Drives S. 499-516

„… to minimize drag losses. Fig. 4 shows the design process that is followed for the transmissions …”

G. Herbillon Performances Validation of an electrically-commanded dog clutch system for multi-speed and disconnectable eDrives S. 255-274

„… (such as e-motor drag torque, bearings drag torque, gears churning losses, sealing losses), the …” „… packs’ complexity. - Efficiency: Low drag torque, traction motor operation within its best efficiency …” „… secondary axle with disconnection clutch for efficiency optimization. As all types of losses are tracked …”

M. Muether, B. Heuser, L. Virnich, A. Guedden, T. Luediger, D. van der Put Development trends towards CO2-neutral powertrains for HD applications S. 529-550

„… losses and reducing engine friction improves efficiency by ~1.0 %points. In the second phase an updated …” „… , aerodynamic drag improvements and electrification of the propulsion system will massively reduce the energy …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023815

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International Conference on Gears 2023

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2422 2023

Results in this title

W. Ramdane, C. Changenet, S. S. Ouali, C. Chevrel-Fraux, P. Casanova Thermal model of a planetary gear set using an isothermal approach S. 451-466

„… , and show that the conventional drag losses for planetary gears cannot be used, due to the predominance …” „… lossesTooth friction power losses W Mo Load independent torque lossesN.m ρoil Oil density kg/m3Sm Surface of …” „… losses W PB,0 Load independent bearing power lossesW PB,l load independent bearing power lossesW Pseals …”

A. F. İnceel, B. Özkan, B. Karba, M. Vardar A study on the efficiency prediction of a gear bearing drive by means of mathematical modelling S. 1135-1146

„… of conventional bearings. The drag loss caused by the drag force of these disks on the grease can be …” „… experimental results. In the reference study, the drag loss in the sun and planet gears is not taken into …” „… assumes that there is no drag loss at the sun and planet contact. As oil properties, the properties of a …”

C. Kunik, J. Kunert Wetting and oil flow analysis of planetary gearboxes using oil flow simulations S. 467-484

„… ) to analyze the fluid flow and evaluate the power losses for a wide range of gear unit variants in …” „… about the wetting of components, the power losses [2 - 4] and the heat dissipation of gear units, it is …” „… losses. The investigations of Liu et al. [6-9] considers the determination of the oil distribution and …”

M. Ruzek, R. Brun, F. Ville, P. Velex, Y. Marchesse On the reduction of windage power losses in gears by the modification of tooth geometry S. 785-800

„… On the reduction of windage power losses in gears by the modification of tooth geometry Dr. M …” „… windage power losses (WPL) in high speed transmissions can be mitigated by flanges and/or shrouds close to …” „… Power losses in gear transmissions are traditionally separated into load-dependent and load independent …”

M. J. Herberger, F. Rudolph, B. Sievers Efficient concepts for high ratio angular gearboxes S. 801-814

„… gearboxes identifies the load-dependent gearing losses and the load-dependent bearing losses as crucial for …” „… correlation between increasing ratio and in-creasing load-dependent gearing losses is derived. This …” „… for the load-dependent gearing losses. A comparison of calculation methods shows, that the local …”

F. Concli, M. N. Mastrone Latest advancements in the lubrication simulations of geared systems: a technology ready for industrial applications S. 499-518

„… temperatures. A decrease of the power losses allows also a downsize and a reduction of the weight of the system …” „… accurate to capture the power losses of geared systems, the computational effort required for their …” „… losses of gearboxes can be classified into two main categories. The first one comprises the …”

S. Chen, C. Liu, D. Qin Forward Performance-driven Design of Gear Parameters S. 211-226

„… mesh loss is calculated through a mesh process analysis, and other power losses are calculated by …” „… ] studied the effect of gear parameters on the thermal loss of gearboxes, and optimized the gear parameters …” „… using NSGA-II with the optimization objectives of transmission error and thermal loss. Finally …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024225

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Dritev – Drivetrain For Vehicles 2018

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2328 2018

Results in this title

C. Sibla, A. Donges, F. Jauch Third Generation of ZF’s 8-speed automatic transmission – Reducing CO2 emissions in the 8HP transmission S. I-23-I-32

„… pump losses, leakages, clutch drag losses or improving damping elements to further reduce engine …” „… open shift elements was a too great disadvantage regarding drag losses and thereby also CO2. Analysis …” „… detail. The mechanical losses break down into drag loss on the shift elements, bearing losses, gearing …”

M. Mileti, H. Pflaum, K. Stahl TorqueLINE cone clutch: Thermo-mechanical stability of cone clutches for ATs S. I-357-I-368

„… important source of losses in ATs is still determined by drag torque of disengaged wet multiple disc …” „… clutch in terms of shifting comfort with the low drag losses and high transmittable torques via form-fit …” „… surface and thus the drag losses. The advantages of this choice and its potentials have been …”

G. Bednarek, K. Geratz, H. Chariou The all-new 8-speed AT for the Opel Grandland X S. I-1-I-10

„… material reduce heat generation and accompanying losses. A chain driven off-axis low loss oil pump, dynamic …” „… measures, from a drag torque reduction in four main areas (8th VDI-Berichte Nr. 2328, 2018 7 gear, 2000rpm …” „… kinematic viscosity than the current AW-1, resulting in an 11% reduced torque loss. The off-axis oil pump …”

J. van der Meer, G. Hangen, J. Uhlig The new plug-in hybrid module as an addition to the AUDI S tronic gearbox family – Design, layout and manufacture S. I-451-I-464

„… and thermal stability even with high torque requirements. To minimise the copper losses, a wave …” „… stator tooth leads to optimum heat dissipation of the copper losses in connection with a high torque …” „… losses in the machine compared with single tooth winding in the same installation space because fewer …”

M. Roßhuber, G. Schromm, K. Kranz The new BMW automatic transmission – Challenges in development S. I-11-I-22

„… lower power input and less mechanical losses. The drag torques in the transmission were further …” „… reduced friction losses at the same time. More sportiness and driving pleasure with less fuel consumption …” „… is accompanied by efficiency deterioration (increase of drag torque, inertia, weight, actuating …”

C. Schmahl, W. Hildebrandt, D. Reith The impact of efficiency enhanced drivetrain components on the energy consumption of electric and conventional vehicles S. I-119-I-130

„… engaged, no fuel is used. The engine’s drag torque can support the braking action to a minor extent. In …” „… the loss characteristics, originally introduced for internal combustion engines, assumes a linear …” „… gives the reciprocal value of “efficiency” ƞ, on the other the drag effect can be read off the …”

M. Behzad, V. Saxena, M. Schaefer Thermal-hydrodynamic optimization of grooves in a wet clutch S. I-101-I-118

„… as drag loss. 2 Introduction Wet clutch surfaces are commonly grooved to enhance their …” „… some sources of flow loss are ignored, resulting in a more extreme flowrate values. 5.3 Drag and …” „… patterns on clutch friction characteristics and drag loss, which show no significant differences between …”

T. Smejkal, C. Wirth Innovative transmission topologies using the example of a P2-hybridtransmission for front-transverse applications S. I-147-I-162

„… creep functionality for reversing and parking. Modern transmissions reduce the drag losses of the …” „… because of the synchronizers connecting the gears to the shafts and having less drag losses compared to …” „… closed, resulting in two open LSE, which produce drag losses (except for Gear 5, where LSE 6 is closed …”

D. Güth, J. Haupt, T. Gassmann Seamless-shift two-speed eAxle with torque vectoring S. I-255-I-268

„… advantages in terms of drag losses and efficiency can be achieved as already proven by the basic eTwinster …” „… clutch, what reduces the level of complexity, space requirements, weight and drag losses compared to …” „… Twinster system, the proposed eAxles represents a very efficient system with very low drag-losses and very …”

T. Högnäs, G. Beldie 48 volt torque vectoring electric rear drive module (eRDM) – Excellent driving dynamics with significant CO2 savings S. I-517-I-528

„… with drag optimized clutches and lubrication management, the losses, also with the system inactive …” „… high current losses at a nominal 12V standard, which constrains the electrical power, torque available …” „… : Comparative TV Efficiencies Peak and average losses during dynamic driving are also an import …”

R. Savelsberg, P. Griefnow, G. Birmes, A. Sehr Advanced powertrain functions of 48 V hybrid vehicles – Efficient powertrains does not exclude driving pleasure S. I-499-I-516

„… components directly via the 48 V power net, since losses during conversion from 48 V to 12 V and the higher …” „… cable losses due to the higher currents are avoided. Pumps, heaters, active suspensions as well as the …” „… auxiliaries Automatic stop/start Intelligent alternator control Comfort start (P0/1) / drag start (>P2) Launch …”

M. Werra, A. Ringleb, C. Sieg, F. Küçükay Thermal behavior of 48 V hybrid systems S. I-529-II-VI

„… as various operating modes. Loss maps define the efficiency behavior, calculated in advance by a …” „… separate transmission loss calculation. It is possible to integrate up to nine electric machines into the …” „… this case, loss maps define the efficiency behavior of the combustion and electric engine. To sum up …”

A. Schmidt, H.-P. Fleischmann Enhancement of a dual clutch transmission kit – AUDI S tronic – Version for All-Wheel Drive, Increase of Torque and HV Electrification S. I-33-I-48

„… rear-axle differential to prevent drag losses. If the system identifies an impending extreme situation in …” „… transmission structure. The benefits of this inline design are fewer components and losses, and reduced mass …”

G. van Spijk, A. Klaassen, A. van der Leest, A. Brandsma, M. Tweehuysen CVT: dedicated to hybrid solutions – Setting the benchmark on all KPI’s S. I-65-I-78

„… downstream, drag losses are minimized (B). With clutch C1 closed as well, the ICE is connected to the power …” „… ’ configuration with minimal components and gears further explains the low system losses and high efficiency …”

A. Viehmann, R. König, S. Rinderknecht Investigation of gear shifts in a parallel-series hybrid powertrain with dog clutches in a demonstrator vehicle (two-drive-transmission with range-extender, DE-REX) S. I-323-I-346

„… (which are less efficient due to drag losses, cost intensive and require a lot of application effort …” „… transmission parts lose speed due to drag losses (here: EM2 in phase ADC2). Additionally, the speed of the …” „… clutches or dog clutches tend to be cheaper, produce less drag torque in neutral position and need less …”

S. Rinderknecht, A. Esser, P. Jardin Relevance of multidimensional real-driving optimization for the development of a battery-electric vehicle 5.0 S. II-117-II-134

„… . The aerodynamic drag shall only be considered for the longitudinal vehicle axis and is described by …” „… the front surface and the drag coefficient . Furthermore, the road slope has an influence on the …” „… efficiency due to losses prior to departure which are not considered within this work. Additionally, its …”

I. Andrasec, B. Jeitler AVL’s future hybrid X mode – A modular transmission family concept S. I-211-I-228

„… without ICE drag losses, on the one hand. On the other hand, the ICE’s transmission should be used for …” „… prerequisite for this shift method. ECVT2 can be used here to cancel out the dissipation losses in the opening …”

W. van Harselaar, M. Brouwer, T. Hofman A generic transmission model for hybrid electric drives – Integration of the dynamic behavior of all conventional-, electric-, and hybrid-transmission mode types in a single model S. I-163-I-180

„… and with 0, which enables the modeling of ICE drag torque. For fixed gear modes of types Ψ 5 and Ψ 6 …” „… design of the clutches and transmission losses. Also the procedures for transitions between operating …”

K. Bennewitz, A. Mann Powertrain electrification exemplified by the VW Golf S. II-135-II-168

„… between approx. 80 and 130 km/h. The drive clutch is closed briefly to drag the engine for starting …” „… ). Electric motor and transmission share the same shaft bearing to minimize friction losses. Oil supply is …” „… to a low-loss fixed/floating bearing arrangement. Overall, the acoustic characteristics of the …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023280

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Dritev 2023

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2420 2023

Results in this title

J. Ahn, S. Yang Disconnect Actuator System (DAS) for AWD EV’s Driveline – Increasing electric efficiency, Seamless shifting system S. 115-130

„… mechanical elements rotate and have low electric efficiency due to drag loss. Therefore, to reduce drag loss …” „… development priority of the DAS. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2420, 2023118As can be seen in Figure 4, the drag loss that …” „… middle axis. Fig 4: Result of analysis of drag loss by location of DAS Table 1: result of analysis of …”

J. Gindele, F. Faistauer The Future of BEV: High Performance Without Compromising Driving Efficiency S. 37-44

„… decoupled. Magna Powertrain’s ASM secondary drives are optimized for minimal drag losses through the …” „… . Drag losses of the clutch system are minimal thanks to increased air gaps and oil ejection. Compared to …” „… requires a transmission design that is specifically optimized for reducing drag losses, particularly in the …”

J. Jennings, D. Finn, T. Hunter Novel Multi-Functional Clutch Technology for EV Drivetrain Disconnects – Next Generation Disconnect with One-Way-Clutch for Automatic, and Non-Blocked Shifting S. 325-338

„… parasitic drag losses are reduced or eliminated. This includes the hypoid gear meshes in the PTU and RDU …” „… , bearing drag, seal drag, fluid churning losses and spin losses from the propshaft and propshaft …” „… torque of the rear driveline system, cold weather drag and shift engagement time. Finally, by design, the …”

A. Kappes, S. Frei, P. Noone, Stephan Rinderknecht Development and Design of a Range Extended four-speed Two-Drive-Powertrain S. 253-280

„… therefore important to minimize the drag losses of the unused EM. For non-disengageable transmissions …” „… in the corresponding STM. In this way, the major disadvantage of high drag losses of permanently …” „… and aerodynamic drag. Although the latter has great potential, especially at high speeds, it is not …”

Z. Liu, S. Rinderknecht A sequential adaptive sampling strategy for surrogate model construction of transmission losses S. 425-440

„… to alternately shift gears without power interruption. Hydrodynamic drag losses can be generated, due …” „… A sequential adaptive sampling strategy for surrogate model construction of transmission losses …” „… vehicle system, transmission losses have been extensively investigated with the experimental approach. In …”

M. Gukelberger Magna’s Dedicated Hybrid Drive DHD Duo – a Platformbased two e-Machine System S. 197-204

„… internal efficiency is consequently optimized, among others through lowest drag losses and a purely …” „… transmission losses at the same time in parallel operation. The share of serial and parallel operation can be …”

R. Plavullathil, M. Rihn, C. Bridier Marelli’s eAxle family strategy – Agile answer to a moving EV market S. 281-294

„… actuator is not activated. The 2-speed system uses dog clutches to minimize drag loss. For the same …” „… is used. The use of an electro-mechanical actuator improves the efficiency and avoids losses when the …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024201

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Land.Technik AgEng 2017

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2300 2017

Results in this title

K. Ritters, P. Winkelhahn, L. Frerichs, B. Kriebel Determining saving potentials in a tractor drivetrain using a simulation model and measured operating data S. 297-302

„… : Validation of losses and fuel consumption without drivetrain control unit and drag force control unit …” „… purposefully, it is beneficial to analyse the power flow and thereby to identify significant sources of losses …” „… able to recognise losses already in an early development stage. To find potentials for energy savings …”

F. Hantschack, R. Rahmfeld, J. Bagusch, A. Meyer, E. Dohm Development of a high performance continuously variable drive for mobile agricultural and construction machinery S. 315-322

„… splashing and drag losses of a second engine, additional antifriction bearings and clutches for engagement …” „… losses. The overall peak efficiency is at 97%. Table 1: Parameters of 370cc Rotating Group …” „… negative direction. Using yokes also allow bigger cross sections which reduces the pressure drop (losses …”

R. Schmetz Calculation of the losses in series-hybrid powertrains S. 513-520

„… Calculation of the losses in series-hybrid powertrains Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dipl.-Wirt. Ing. Roland …” „… efficiency of mechanic-hydraulic power-split powertrains. For verification, the losses of an electric …” „… series-hybrid powertrain of 150 kW power are for example calculated and compared with the losses of a typical …”

C. Korn, T. Herlitzius Coupled CFD-DEM simulation of separation process in combine harvester cleaning devices S. 199-210

„… the demand for the tracking of individual particles to determine grain loss and purity, only the …” „… and interactions to grain loss, purity and tailings developed on the base of literature review …” „… Fig. 3, for zero distribution (all particles of a class have the same size) the grain loss is almost …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023006

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Powertrain Systems in Mobile Machines 2022

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2402 2022

Results in this title

R. Himmelsbach, J. Ziegler, E. Nachbaur eCVT for Tractors – Experience report about potentials and challenges S. 223-232

„… transfer of the variable path of the CVT as well as reduced drag losses compared to hydrostatic units …” „… machines com-pared to hydrostatic units is higher at partial load and the drag losses have a bigger impact …” „… . The drag losses within the transmission can further be reduced with an improved hydraulic system. The …”

L. Serrao Driving the electric transformation – The evolution of off-highway powertrain S. 135-150

„… single-speed variant. The drag losses due to oil churning are simulated with mesh-based CFD, because it was …” „… losses may have an immediate payoff in saving on the energy storage. We are referring generically to …” „… machine. The main disadvantages are higher losses from extra driveline components, which are offset by the …”

R. Morrison, J. Legner Future Electrified Drivetrain for Off-Highway in the 60-80kW Power Range S. 163-170

„… design keeps drag losses low when the clutch is open. The aspect of serviceability was also considered …” „… efficiency is ensured by the purely mechanical power flow while maintaining low windage losses. Both brake …”

S. Eichler, C. Guernsey The Wheel Loader of Tomorrow: Proof-of-Concept Vehicle & Learnings from Full-Electric Drivetrain Conversion S. 185-198

„… still experiences some of the same losses and is not optimized to achieve all the benefits of …” „… drag-and-drop graphical interface for fast application development, as well as access to other languages such as …” „… reduce idle losses. Our team calculated more than a 50% reduction in energy consumed by the hydraulic …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024027

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Kupplungen und Kupplungssysteme in Antrieben 2021

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2382 2021

Results in this title

R. Leister, J. Kriegseis, B. Frohnapfel, D. Gatti, A. F. Najafi Analytical modeling and dimensionless characteristics of open wet clutches in consideration of gravity S. 129-144

„… presence of cooling oil. This so-called drag torque is a source of energy loss, which motivated various …” „… Abstract Wet clutches are widely used in power transmission, but lack of the fact of an energy loss in …” „… actual geometric parameters, the drag torque can be described as . An additional aeration condition is …”

H. Gürbüz, K. Bause, S. Ott, A. Albers Testmethodik zur Verbesserung der Kupplungsdynamik und Reduzierung der Schleppverluste in nasslaufenden Lamellenkupplungen durch Getriebefedern S. 43-58

„… to improve the control and comfort behavior. Furthermore, drag losses in the open state of the …” „… springs are used to set a uniform air gap in order to reduce drag losses. During synchronization, the …” „… drag losses and achieve a reproducible torque transfer function. The behavior of the springs was …”

R. Leister, S. Pasch, B. Frohnapfel, J. Kriegseis, P. Mattern, T. Fuchs Hochaufgelöste, optische Geschwindigkeitsmessungen in einer radialgenuteten, offenen, nasslaufenden Lamellenkupplung S. 313-318

„… . Literatur [1] Lloyd F.: Parameters contributing to power loss in disengaged wet clutches. In: SAE …” „… .: Parameter study on the influence of a radial groove design on the drag torque of wet clutch discs in …”

T. Skubacz, C. Burkhardt, S. Krischke Innovative Schaltelemente für elektrische und hybride Antriebsstränge S. 223-234

„… efficiency for holding and changing the state and low drag and friction losses in both states (open/closed …”

V. Föge, S. Blaschke New semi-dry friction solution for highly integrated active torque-controlled drives S. 103-114

„… , which are a given in many cases because of the positive impact to drag loss limitation and efficiency …”

J. Seiter, C. Acker, T. Cassiani, A. Grossmann, T. Kubicek, S. Morel NVH-optimization for drivetrains of commercial vehicles with a newly slipping absorber S. 181-194

„… drivetrains at any driving condition Loss of function of the TLA does not lead to a dead vehicle 2 …” „… activated PTO is without implement, the only load is drag torque of the PTO-drivetrain. This is the most …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023822

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Dritev 2022

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2401 2022

Results in this title

D. Lindvai-Soos, S. Kaimer Electric Drives for All-wheel Functions – A System Comparison of ASM and PSM S. 109-118

„… be considered. Magna Powertrain investigates drag losses, response times and costs of these two …” „… identical PSM primary drive. The criteria examined in the system comparison are drag losses, the torque …” „… secondary drive (b) (© Magna) Drag loss comparison The efficiency advantage of a dual-motor drive compared …”

T. Skubacz, C. Burkhardt, S. Krischke Proof of Concept: Bistable Shift Element S. 241-252

„… Proof of Concept: Bistable Shift Element Shift element with low drag losses, high actuation energy …” „… changing the state and low drag and friction losses in both states (open/closed) but also the special …” „… com-ponents. It offers high actuation energy efficiency and low drag losses. In contrast to positive engaged …”

T. König, L. Stütz, L. Bauer, M. Kley Model-based simulation of a longitudinal dynamics vehicle model with a single-wheel drive S. 381-396

„… determining the efficiency of transmissions, a distinction is made between power loss measurement and power …” „… power loss measurement, the power loss ? and the input power ? are measured. The measurement can be …” „… measuring equipment and not, as in power loss measurement, also on the measuring equipment and the current …”

M. Hein, S. Prinke, A. Damm, P. Fischer Testing of shift elements – Standardized Methods, State of the Art and Future Challenges S. 73-94

„… function, NVH-behavior or efficiency (i.e. drag torque). Functionality is confirmed by friction …” „… resulting drag torques, shift elements may also have a significant impact on the efficiency of the whole …” „… . Regarding efficiency, the drag torque of the synchronizer system is relevant. Due to VDI-Berichte Nr. 2401 …”

J. Gindele, U. Franzmann, L. Herdle, A. Pawlenka The Magna 7HDT400 for BMW’s new 48V hybrid drive family S. 1-12

„… churning and pumping losses. The oil level was lowered by creating an oil tank integrated into the housing …” „… . Finally, using asymmetrical gearing reduces tooth friction losses. Figure 3 illustrates the asymmetrical …” „… thus increases the transmission efficiency. Fig. 3: Lower friction losses through asymmetrical tooth …”

H. Spånberg Electric Torque Vectoring Disconnect unit, eTVD S. 253-266

„… caused by the increased rotational losses as well as increased weight and cost. In order to achieve a low …” „… disconnect. Reduced losses by clutch disc separation and active lubrication enabling stopped E-motor …” „… becomes disconnected and can spin down to minimize drivetrain losses. Fig. 1: A schematic layout of a …”

M. Schröder, K. Herold, C. Monissen Efficiency Increase of Electric Machines with Active Thermal Field Weakening S. 119-132

„… context, the electric machine contributes to the losses in the drive train of elec-tric vehicles. With …” „… active thermal field weakening, FEV reduces the overall losses and thus increases the range. Currently …” „… the overall losses in typical driving cycles. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2401, 2022 1191. Introduction Electric …”

A. Eßer, J. Mölleney, S. Rinderknecht Potentials to reduce the Energy Consumption of Electric Vehicles in Urban Traffic S. 133-152

„… . Dynamic programming is applied as operational strategy for all simulations considering shifting losses to …” „… and lead to relatively high losses compared to a simple dog-clutch and the use of active …” „… in comparison to a simple dog-clutch (AMT). The reasons for this are the friction losses in the …”

H. Seidl, L. Momsen, D. Güth, S. Nett Network-based System Development and Integration Approach S. 277-290

„… the electric drive when not needed to significantly reduce system drag losses hence improving overall …” „… ). Disconnecting close to the wheels with almost no rotating parts in the transmission provides lowest drag torque …”

G. Göppert, M. Adrian AI Approach to Wet Friction Torque Model Adaptation S. 321-334

„… , ? is the friction coefficient, and ? denotes the applied force. Without loss of generality the positive …” „… optimizer, such as adam, and a loss function, such as Mean Squared Error (MSE): ? ∑ ? ? with the reference …” „… offset, drag pressure and hysteresis (right). Comparing the pressure compensation ? to the classical …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024010

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Dritev – Drivetrain for Vehicles 2020

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2373 2020

Results in this title

S. Demmerer Next generation electric drives S. II-63-II-74

„… element to lower drag losses. e2Drive is ZF’s 2-speed approach to simultaneously enhance driving …” „… conventional 4WD drivelines, to avoid drag losses. The drag losses of the mechanics and the electric drag …” „… one of our electric drives, we reduce the drag losses by 90%. Depending on the vehicle, overall …”

F. Brezger, A. Moser Investigation and potential analysis of shiftable form-locked one-way clutches for hybrid and electric vehicles S. I-133-I-148

„… (right). An improvement of ~ 83% less power loss due to drag torque reduction in WLTP as well as in NEDC …” „… , shift, overrun but also endurance tests. The investigations confirm the assumptions of drag torque and …” „… later on, friction clutches. Brake bands and dog clutches have the advantage of (almost) no drag torque …”

K. Kim New high efficiency CVT for middle class FWD vehicle S. I-271-I-284

„… . This prevents the drag torque loss from increasing because the disk is positioned to one side …” „… the biggest losses in the transmissions using hydraulic control and We could improve transmission …” „… efficiency through optimization of capacity and minimized drive losses. The oil pump of CF28 is vane type …”

H. Gürbüz, S. Ott, A. Sutschet, J. Kern Highly efficient clutch system for multispeed BEV S. I-119-I-132

„… friction partners can result in higher drag torques in the open state and a higher loss of axial piston …” „… relevant for drag losses is set as low as possible and active coupling of the discs is achieved. Newly …” „… increased. In order to reduce the axial force losses in the clutch pack, the plates are pressed together on …”

T. Casper, G. Spengler, M. Bromberger The high-efficiency fully electric drivetrain of the new Porsche Taycan S. I-289-I-304

„… torque losses. By this measure alone, the drag torques, especially in first gear, could be significantly …” „… losses of the more complex design had to be compensated by a higher overall efficiency of the …” „… (Fig. 12): Low-viscosity lubricating oil with optimized power loss for lubrication systems …”

K. Sakai, T. Kishimoto, T. Kobayashi, T. Maekawa, T. Shinohara, M. Ogawa Development of the new chain CVT for middle capacity S. I-79-I-88

„… rotational speed at high way by reducing overdrive ratio, furthermore, its power loss was reduced by 22 …” „… % compared to the previous CVT by reducing hydraulic and stirring loss (Fig3, 4). Fig. 3: Transmission …” „… power loss forecast as of 2016 (80km/h road load) Torque converter Control valve FWD & REV planetary …”

M. Deiml High speed electric drive system – A solution for the next generation E-cars S. II-49-II-62

„… exceeds 20 m/s due to the fact that drag losses will increase drastically with speed, which reduces the …” „… higher efficiency due to the dry sump which reduces the drag losses of rotating components. There are …” „… high-frequency losses in the windings, a distributed round wire winding was preferred to a hairpin winding due …”

D. Kieninger, J. Hemsen, G. Witham The highly integrated ModulED drive module – Holistic concept design S. I-27-I-44

„… ) switches. The advantage of very low losses of the GaN switches comes with the drawback of reduced current …” „… influences the resulting total losses and the thermal management of the module. Due to the complexity of …” „… concepts (e.g. SiC material for high-speed concepts) or optimization targets (high-speed for low loss …”

D. Schöneberger, S. Rinderknecht, D. Reitmeier, A. Mertens Development of a transmission control for an innovative high-speed powertrain using motor-related control – Simulative approach to develop an angular position controlled engagement of dog clutches in ... S. I-195-I-212

„… . Decoupling is however not necessary because EM1 is an ASM with very small drag losses when inactive. This …” „… using SIC semiconductors to achieve low losses at a switching frequency of 48 kHz. Both, power …”

P. Ramminger, R. Jäger Evolution of the drivetrain and high voltage system in the new Corsa-e S. I-173-I-194

„… ), one kWh electrical energy creates 337g CO2 [1]. Assuming 20% distribution and charge losses source …” „… example curve is idealized, while with higher power (and for higher speeds) losses in the entire system …” „… engine. A lighter car with better aero and drag behavior can afford a smaller capacity (and thereby …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023730

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International Conference on Gears 2017

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2294 2017

Results in this title

Y. Shen, S. Rinderknecht, M. Hoppert General modelling method of power losses in transmission with parameter identification S. 905-916

„… SKF model is composed of four loss contributors to calculate the drag torque of a bearing, rolling …” „… General Modelling Method of Power Losses in Transmission with Parameter Identification M. Sc …” „… publications concerning the calculation of power losses specifically for one transmission component such as …”

A. Lohrengel, M. Heß Thrust cone bearings provide increased efficiency for helical gear units at moderate speed levels – Indications for possible energy saving potential in an expanded field of application S. 231-242

„… mechanism might be explained by drag losses in the bearings, which are highly depending on the roller …” „… importance of the nearly static difference between the bearing concepts due to the drag losses is shrinking …” „… frictional losses in sliding bearings raise proportionally to the square of the differential velocity …”

F. Yang, W. Bi Efficiency evaluation of multi-speed transmission S. 1101-1108

„… power loss, such as clutch drag, churning oil, windage, etc. In order to make the efficiency evaluation …” „… multi-speed transmission is proposed. Load dependent/load independent power losses of each component and idle …” „… power losses caused by idle components are taken into consideration. Efficiencies of each component and …”

F. Concli, C. Gorla Numerical modeling of the churning power losses of gears: an innovative 3D computational tool suitable for planetary gearbox simulation S. 881-892

„… Numerical modeling of the churning power losses of gears: an innovative 3D computational tool …” „… present for the prediction of the power losses and the efficiency of gears, neither accurate analytical …” „… independent power losses. The authors have been working on this topic for several years and have developed …”

J. Yu, L. Yao, C. Ren, X. Yan, L. Lin Design and experimental validation on a novel tow speed transmission for electric bus S. 97-108

„… Curb Mass (kg） Gross Mass (kg） Frontal Area（m2） Drag Coefficient Rolling Radius（m） Final drive …” „… reason for high efficiency is that the novel SDAT has fewer churning loss, due to its less requirement …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181022948

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Gleit- und Wälzlagerungen 2017

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2308 2017

Results in this title

T. Kiekbusch, J. Liebrecht, B. Sauer Dynamiksimulation von Wälzlagern unter Berücksichtigung der Plansch- und Schleppverluste S. 207-218

„… integration of the drag and churning losses in the dynamic simulation models available at the Institute of …” „… , B., Schwarze, H.: Calculation Approach of Drag and Churning Losses of Rolling Bearings. Tagungsband …” „… DFG-SCHW826/9-1) entwickelte Berechnungsmodell CoDaC (Calculation of Drag and Churning) verwendet, das eine …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023082

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International Conference on Gears 2019

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2355 2019

Results in this title

C. Hegger, T. Kruger, J. Maas Two-speed transmission based on energy-efficient MRF-coupling elements and power split mechanism S. 867-876

„… advantageous MR-fluid movement control concept can significantly reduce the drag losses. Coupling elements …” „… minimized drag losses taken the lower torque density of MRF-based coupling elements into account by power …” „… bearings and sealings as well as the effective radius is minimized to reduce drag losses during operation …”

F. Concli, L. Maccioni, C. Gorla Power loss analysis of different high-power density gearbox typologies: CFD analysis and experimental measurements on a cycloidal gear set S. 101-114

„… Power loss analysis of different high-power density gearbox typologies: CFD analysis and …” „… research, models are available for the prediction of the power losses related to gear meshing (sliding …” „… ), bearings and seals, literature is lacking in terms of load independent power loss of gears models (deep …”

J. Ahn, C. H. Choi, J. H. Yu, S. C. Kim A study of dynamic behavior of tractor pto driveline to analyze a rattle noise S. 461-470

„… affect gear rattle noise. Gear inertia, drag torque, macro design, and many other factors affect gear …” „… . There have been several studies to reduce the rattle noise. Some studies focused on drag torque to …” „… shafts are considered rigid body inertia because they are unloaded. The power loss caused by the …”

M. Ruzek, F. Ville, P. Velex, Y. Marchesse Windage power loss reductions in high-speed gear pairs S. 91-100

„… Windage power loss reductions in high-speed gear pairs Dr.-Eng. M. Ruzek, Prof. F. Ville, Prof …” „… and numerical research in the possible reduction of windage power losses (WPL). It is accepted that …” „… these load-independent losses become prominent over other sources in mechanical transmissions with …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023556

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SIMVEC – Simulation und Erprobung in der Fahrzeugentwicklung

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2333 2018

Results in this title

I. Vogeler, R. Untermaierhofer, R. Petz, T. Schütz Different methods for road load determination in comparison – Wind tunnel, Wind tunnel method according to WLTP and Coastdown method S. 469-486

„… . The Wind tunnel method uses the measurement of aerodynamic drag in a wind tunnel with the remaining …” „… components of the road load (mostly rolling resistance and drive train losses) determined by a flat belt or …” „… schematically shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 2: Wind tunnel method according to WLTP The aerodynamic drag is …”

J. Wimmer, P. Stopp Einbindung eines pradiktiven Elektro-Chemischen Batteriemodells in ein virtuelles E-Fahrzeug S. 399-414

„… BEV model. Table 1: Summary of vehicle parameters in BEV model. Vehicle Mass 1600 kg Vehicle Drag …” „… heat losses and reaction heat losses; whereas there are additional heat losses, deemed reversible heat …” „… loss due to entropy changes in the active material of electrodes during the …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023334

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Results (76)

Kupplungs- und Bremssysteme für mobile und stationäre Anwendungen

Drivetrain for Vehicles 2016

DRITEV – Drivetrain for Vehicles 2021

International Conference on Gears 2023

Dritev – Drivetrain For Vehicles 2018

Dritev 2023

Land.Technik AgEng 2017

Powertrain Systems in Mobile Machines 2022

Kupplungen und Kupplungssysteme in Antrieben 2021

Dritev 2022

Dritev – Drivetrain for Vehicles 2020

International Conference on Gears 2017

Gleit- und Wälzlagerungen 2017

International Conference on Gears 2019

SIMVEC – Simulation und Erprobung in der Fahrzeugentwicklung