VDI Verlag eLibrary

Scrubbing System Design for CO2 Capture in Coal-Fired Power Plants

Elizabeth Heischkamp

Series: Verfahrenstechnik

Volume 953 2017

Results in this title

„… Absorption Process Using Ammonia Solution: Modeling and Experimental Approaches,” Energy Procedia, vol. 4 …” „… . Oeljeklaus and K. Görner, “Chemische Absorptions-Verfahren zur CO - Abtrennung aus Rauchgasen - Teilprojekt B …” „… 2015]. [5] IEA, “World Energy Outlook 2012,” France, 2012. [6] IEA GHG, “Improvement in Power …”

Downstream scrubbing of flue gases S. 18-30

„… chemical absorption lies in the disadvantages of MEA. These include: high energy requirement for …” „… absorption capacity, lower corrosion rate and lower energy requirement for regeneration of tertiary amines …” „… are that absorption/desorption rates are slow and hence, required equipment is large. In an effort to …”

Introduction S. 1-17

„… . Anthropogenic ones are produced from fossil fuel combustion used for energy generation in the industrial …” „… CO2 emissions: • Reduction of energy consumption, for example by increasing efficiency of energy …” „… coal to natural gas. • Increase use of renewable energy sources or to nuclear power2, which produce …”

Summary S. 163-167

„… sources of anthropogenic CO2 is related to energy generation with fossil fuels. This work focuses on …” „… chemical absorption of CO2. The simulation tool Aspen Plus is used to model scrubbing systems for the …” „… . Identifying suitable parameters for minimizing scrubbing systems energy demand. This is achieved by …”

Modelling of CO capture systems S. 31-69

„… to carry-over • Solvent with high CO2 absorption capacity • Low energy demand for solvent …” „… using a solvent with high absorption capacity it might be necessary to supply a higher amount of energy …” „… for regeneration purposes in comparison with the required energy for a solvent with a lower absorption …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XII

„… 0178-9503, ¤ 71,00/VDI-Mitgliederpreis ¤ 63,90. Keywords: CO2 capture – chemical absorption …” „… power plant by 90 %. For this purpose a hard coal power plant is retrofitted with a chemical absorption …” „… ................................................................................ 14 1.3.3.6 Absorption …”

Technical analysis S. 70-142

„… the absorption-desorption system. Figure 4.14 shows how the segment approach works. In this example …” „… column is capable of restraining energy penalties to a minimum. Packed columns performance has been …” „… vapour kinetic energy. High values are characteristic of high liquid rates and high pressures …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186953032

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Generic Topology Optimization Based on Local State Features

Nikola Aulig

Series: Rechnerunterstützte Verfahren

Volume 468 2017

Results in this title

Topology Optimization of Crashworthiness Objectives S. 121-149

„… problem of energy absorption maximization. The considered example is a clamped beam subject to a …” „… beams is optimized for compliance subject to path dependent response [136], desired energy absorption …” „… maximization of energy absorption. The sensitivity number is determined as the internal energy density and …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XVIII

„… Maximum Energy Absorption Beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 6.2.1 Beam Model and Optimization Set-up …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 6.1 Clamped beam subject to rigid cylindrical pole crash. . . . 127 6.2 Energy absorption versus …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 C.2 The optimized update-signals depending on the LSFs for the energy absorption beam …”

Introduction S. 1-7

„… optimize two typical objective functions: maximizing energy absorption and minimizing intrusion. It is 7 …” „… overview of the main components of the thesis. strain energy density. For most proposed learning methods …” „… , the reference structure can be reproduced, even without inclusion of the local strain energy density …”

Conclusions S. 150-154

„… interesting structural concepts with qualitatively similar performance when considering energy absorption …” „… energy-absorbing, progressively-folding tubes. Since every application has its pitfalls and peculiarities, it is …”

Bibliography S. 177-202

„… optimization design of crushed 2dframes for desired energy absorption history. Structural and Multidisciplinary …” „… maximising energy absorption. International Journal of Vehicle Design, 25(1-2):142–163, 2001. 194 …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186468208

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Pinch-based Methods for Absorption and Extraction Process and Solvent Screening

Christian Redepenning

Series: Verfahrenstechnik

Volume 955 2018

Results in this title

Introduction S. 1-20

„… Chapter 1 Introduction Energy efficiency is stimulating engineering research more and more. Today …” „… be maintained, in order to reduce the overall energy consumption and resulting greenhouse gas …” „… emissions, energy efficiency is acknowledged as the most effective and economic lever to sustainably lower …”

Pinch-based solvent screening for absorption and extraction processes S. 90-136

„… (PEN). 122 4.3. Case study 2: Dimethyl ether absorption process Table 4.9.: Summary of energy utility …” „… and costs for optimized absorption process using 2-pentanol as a solvent. energy utility total heating …” „… absorption and extraction processes. Novel solvents leading to energy efficient processes are identified, and …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XII

„… 3 Pinch-based Methods for Absorption and Extraction Process and Solvent Screening Pinch-basierte …” „… Methoden für Absorptions- und Extraktions-Prozess- und Lösungsmittelscreening Pinch-based Methods for …” „… Absorption and Extraction Process and Solvent Screening Pinch-basierte Methoden für Absorptions- und …”

Software S. 137-142

„… of solvents for absorption or extraction processes. The implementations, which are described in this …” „… shortcut, and absorption shortcut are the main features of the software package. The separation analysis …” „… multi-feed distillation columns (Brüggemann & Marquardt, 2004). The absorption shortcut module (Redepenning …”

Bibliography S. 173-198

„… ., & Vuthaluru, H. B. (2010). A new method for prediction of absorption/stripping factors. Computers & Chemical …” „… . Amale, A. S., & Lucia, A. (2008). Non-pinched, minimum energy distillation designs. Chemical Engineering …” „… . Bunse, K., Vodicka, M., Schönsleben, P., Brülhart, M., & Ernst, F. O. (2011). Integrating energy …”

Appendix S. 158-172

„… hybrid absorption-rectification and extraction-rectification processes including optimization of the …” „… ., minimum solvent or energy demand. For the approximation of all other necessary stages, a linear …” „… different solvents or operating conditions. The suggested procedures for the design of absorption and …”

Conclusions S. 157

„… Chapter 7 Conclusions The conceptual design of energy-efficient processes builds on two paradigms …” „… objective such as minimum energy demand of a process. One class of design tools which combines all of these …” „… fields of application stagnated, and pinch-based shortcut methods for the design of absorption or …”

Pinch-based shortcut method for the design of adiabatic absorption columns S. 21-58

„… Chapter 2 Pinch-based shortcut method for the design of adiabatic absorption columns Absorption …” „… gaseous mixtures. Usually, absorption processes combine two separation columns. In the first column, a …” „… solutes are separated from the solvent, which is recycled to the absorption column (Kister, 2008). The …”

Pinch-based shortcut method for the design of isothermal extraction columns S. 59-89

„… liquid-liquid equilibrium. In contrast to an adiabatic column, such as the absorption column discussed in the …” „… previous Chapter 2, no energy balance is required. The rigorous model, which covers all stages (N) and …” „… approximation, but shortcut methods for distillation or adiabatic absorption offer promising approaches. For …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186955036

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Plastics in Automotive Engineering 2016

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 4343 2016

Results in this title

E. Meurer, M. Hanigk Thermoplastic crash-absorbing elements made from PC/PBT (Makroblend®) as part of the sideprotection concept of the BMW i3 S. 225-238

„… collapsing mode with adequate energy absorption of the absorbing system was needed to guarantee the safety of …” „… strength, and its failure limits the energy absorption during deformation. The exterior side-frame …” „… of energy absorption could only be managed by a deformation process. In addition a preferably …”

T. Müller Efficient approach to developing fiber composites S. 205-212

„… laminate to small pieces (see Figure 5, right). A comparison of the specific energy absorption values …” „… it is ensured that the broken CFRP elements can escape, energy absorption by crushing the CFRP does …” „… of construction and design. 209 Fig. 5: Comparison of the energy absorption of aluminum …”

J. M. Fiard, J. M. Cardona, P. Gauquie Mécaplast Plastic oil pan design for an optimized gasoline engine – Project management of novelty by failure mode analysis S. 181-192

„… aging, oil aging, salt aging, 189 absorption and so on) as well as strength on welds are not properly …” „… impactors (cf. Fig. 14) have been carried out to determine properly the resistance in terms of the energy …” „… absorbed by ribs and skin. Fig.14: Stone impact crack and test rig Once the admissible energy was …”

M. Franzen, O. Ghouati Consideration of local thicknesses within finite element simulation of injection molded thermoplastics S. 279-288

„… accurately represented with CAD2FE-based simulations, correctly representing the energy absorption of the …”

H. Schmidhuber Perspectives in automotive polymer glazing – Polycarbonate makes use in side and rear windows possible S. 67-82

„… polycarbonate roof system with infrared absorption, which effectively counteracts heating-up of the passenger …” „… compartment. Fig. 1: Polycarbonate roof system with infrared absorption Innovation history Milestones …” „… Smart roofs absorb solar energy and thus counteract heating up of the vehicle interior. This means that …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783182443438

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38. Internationales Wiener Motorensymposium 27.-28. April 2017

Hans Peter Lenz (ed.)

Series: Verkehrstechnik/Fahrzeugtechnik

Volume 802 2017

Results in this title

M. Ito, K. Takeuchi, K. Ishizuka, K. Uchiyama, S. Sugawara, M. Nakagawa, O. E. Herrmann Innovative Technologieansätze zur Erreichung hoch effizienter Diesel Antriebssysteme mit niedrigsten Abgasemissionen /Innovative Technologies to Realize the Ultimate Diesel System with High Efficiency... S. II-255-II-278

„… next decade is resulting in a growing global energy demand and thus increased CO2 global emissions …” „… , but how to increase energy efficiency and decrease energy consumption is key. From the viewpoint of …” „… Well-to-Wheel energy usage, diesel engines are in no way inferior to rapidly spreading EV and HV powertrains …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186802125

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PIAE EUROPE

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

2020

Results in this title

A. Wüst, T. Metzner Development of an energy-absorbing structural element made of polyamide integrated in the plastic front-end carrier of the new Mercedes S-Class S. 1-4

„… front-end carrier deliver a homogeneously largearea energy absorption and also an early energy absorption in …” „… of different weights, with differences in energy absorption for the occupants of the lighter vehicle …” „… its main function for a controlled energy absorption. The design guidelines for this complex type of …”

A. Tiwari, D. Brands, D. Pelletier, C. Pereira Thermoplastics in electric-vehicle battery applications – A lightweight and efficient EV battery concept S. 349-364

„… need to have the bending stiffness to limit this intrusion and a high energy absorption in order to …” „… adhesively bonded to an extruded aluminum member in order to mitigate energy absorption during pole side …” „… from Fig. 18 that the plastic-metal hybrid side member provides efficient energy absorption. The force …”

J. De Boever, G. Spingler Crash simulation of the new TNGA intake manifold in glass-fiber-reinforced polyamide S. 43-60

„… intake manifold breaks in order to participate in the energy absorption and forward movement of the …” „… fixed at the impact angle and a weight is dropped on it from a height that generates the same energy as …” „… manifold move towards the fuel sensor. This means the flange is the only part to absorb the energy and …”

M. Hoyer Process-integrated material compounding for the sustainable manufacture of high-strength components S. 15-28

„… with PP, the improvement of sustainability factors such as recyclability, CO2 footprint and energy …” „… significantly lower water absorption compared to polyamide and its lower specific weight. When replacing …” „… before the glass fibers are embedded. Compared to direct compounding, additional energy is therefore …”

G. Greene, B. Kilian, R. Reithmeier Increasing the safety of battery modules in electric vehicles with polyurethane pultrusion S. 105-114

„… evaluated energy absorption and deformation. Three ECE R100 tests evaluated mechanical integrity, mechanical …” „… the front or rear, there is still the existing energy dissipation zone forward or aft of the wheel …” „… that helps to protect the battery. In a side crash, the energy dissipation zone is signifi …”

J. Horn, B. Schulze, R. Kolmorgen Highly integrative smart plastic shift fork S. 223-234

„… resistance (oil resistance) - High toughness (dynamic stress) - Low thermal expansion and water absorption …” „… 250 240 75 250 365 290 Shrinkage [%] 0.5 1 0.4 0.3 0.7 0.4 0.1 0.1 Water absorption [%] - 0.5 0.4 …” „… not require their own energy supply. In contrast, sensor technology with an integrated stationary …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023693

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PIAE EUROPE 2021

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2385 2021

Results in this title

A. Wüst, T. Metzner Development of an energy-absorbing structural element made of polyamide integrated in the plastic front-end carrier of the new Mercedes S-Class S. 1-4

„… front-end carrier deliver a homogeneously largearea energy absorption and also an early energy absorption in …” „… of different weights, with differences in energy absorption for the occupants of the lighter vehicle …” „… designed in its main function for a controlled energy absorption. The design guidelines for this complex …”

H. Lehmann Sorting technologies: the key to quality products in a circular economy S. 161-172

„… . In addition, however, it also a matter of questions of resource and energy efficiency, with which …” „… determination and shape analysis by light absorption Emission spectroscopy (LIBS 'laserinduced breakdown …” „… , absorption and fluorescence of laser light Color cameras High-resolution color detection Electromagnetic …”

R. Holschuh, T. Bayerl Shaping the future of electromobility with holistic plastic solutions S. 185-198

„… requirements for a smaller carbon footprint but at the same time for more energy density for ranges comparable …” „… of safety, especially in the environment of high-energy battery storage systems, which is to be …” „… of a battery fire already in progress – a so-called thermal runaway – in which energy is …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023853

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Improvement of Cu ( In,Ga) (S,Se)2 thin film Solar Cells with the help of Gallium and Sulfur Gradients

Björn Jakob Müller

Series: Elektronik/Mikro- und Nanotechnik

Volume 396 2018

Results in this title

Fundamentals of chalcopyrite solar cell devices S. 4-31

„… absorption and emission processes are described in the energy vs. momentum plot where e−, h+, photons (hν …” „… to the generation of charge carriers because the energy is not sufficient for the absorption process …” „… energy bands [24]. In general, electrons 6 2 Fundamentals of chalcopyrite solar cell devices (e−) have …”

Introduction S. 1-3

„… CHAPTER 1 Introduction The worldwide demand for energy in the coming decade will increase due to …” „… alternative energy sources, besides the limited amount of fossil energy sources, like photovoltaics with a …” „… incorporation, which leads to CIGSSe. Due to the fact that CIGSSe has a high absorption coefficient (α), only 2 …”

Appendix S. 167-190

„… non-absorption is described along equation A.19 because the incident photon energy is below Eming . In the second …” „… in A.20. The third energy section displays the constant absorption region in A.21. αeff = 0, 0 < hν …” „… + generation rate (unit: cm−3 s−1), which are caused by absorption of photons [24]. Rn and Rh are the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XIII

„… : Aluminium α: Absorption coefficient αeff : Effective absorption coefficient AZO: Al:ZnO BSF: Back surface …” „… graded absorber e−: Electron EDX: Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy EF : Fermi energy Eg: Band gap En …” „… : One electron energy EMPA: Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology EQE …”

Experimental procedure S. 32-50

„… emission (Stokes process) and absorption (Anti-Stokes process) of one phonon respectively with the energy …” „… an absorption model, the thickness of the individual thin film layers can also be evaluated. Energy …” „… also some microscopic phenomena can take place like luminescence after the absorption of the incident …”

Results and discussion S. 51-163

„… dependence of the absorption on photon energy E for direct semiconductors [24] by plotting [ E · ln ( 1−IQE …” „… i-ZnO via radio frequency sputtering and 72 4 Results and discussion Figure 4.15: PL spectra vs. energy …” „… CIGSe device and to identify possible losses. Photon absorption in the ZnO layer shows up in the region …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186396099

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OPE Journal

Browse Volumes: OPE Journal

OPE Volume 11 (2021) Issue 37 ISSN Online: 2366-8040

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“We don’t use temperature for drying, we dry with the high energy density of NIR radiation” S. 24-26

„… energy very specifically to the respective absorption properties and also the process environment. In …” „… the layer to be dried and excite the molecules there. The absorption of the energy happens in a few …” „… with the high energy density of NIR radiation” Lambda Technology has built up a reputation as …”

doi.org/10.51202/2366-8040-2021-37

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Fahrzeugsicherheit

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2364 2019

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H. Zellmer, A. Soni, S. Schilling, B. Eickhof Injury Risk on Rearward Facing Seats in Frontal Impact – Sled Tests and Simulation in a Generic Test Environment S. 41-60

„… on the energy absorption in back rest and the belt geometry. The movement of extremities especially …” „… the energy absorption remained unchanged yielding in a lower rearward displacement, cf. Table 1. With …” „… first step, the energy absorption was set to 100%. This was done by locking the back rest in its most …”

M. Rohrer, E. Beeh, DLR FK- WVG, Stuttgart; Aktive Energieabsorber – Verbesserte Sicherheit durch intelligente Fahrzeugstrukturen S. 155-166

„… absorbed. By adjusting the peeling depth or the peeled volume, the energy absorption capacity and the …” „… energy absorbers – Improved safety through intelligent vehicle structures Dipl.-Ing. Marc Rohrer …” „… and detected accident situations. By peeling the surface of a telescopic tube kinetic energy is …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023648

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Anwendung spektroskopischer Messverfahren und Multivariater Datenanalyse zur Bewertung und Beobachtung von Bioprozessen

Jan-Patrick Voß

Series: Biotechnik/Medizintechnik

Volume 293 2017

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Spektroskopische Messverfahren als erweiterte PAT-Werkzeuge S. 18-26

„… 0 = 0 0 = 1 0 = 2 0 = 3 0 = 4 vibrational energy states Infrared absorption Rayleigh scattering …” „… Diagramm zur Verdeutlichung der Fluoreszenz absorption E0 E1 vibrational energy states fluorescence …” „… IR-Spektroskopie basiert auf der Absorption von Infrarotstrahlung durch Materie. Dabei werden Moleküle zu …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186293176

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Autonomous Systems 2019: An Almanac

Herwig Unger (ed.)

Series: Informatik/ Kommunikation

Volume 864 2019

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G. K. Heinz Is Global Warming Men-made? The Atmosphere Seen as an Autonomous System S. 1-26

„… /das-geschaeftsmodell-fridays-for-future-der-plant-for-the-planet-foundation-des-club-of-rome/ (28.6.2019)[20] https://klimakatastrophe.wordpress.com/2009/02/26/co2-absorption-im-selbstversuch …” „… ). He has no financial interests in any energy industries nor is heaffiliated with any political party.4 …” „… etc. .6 G. K. HeinzIt can be supposed, that the amount of energy we need and the amount of CO2we …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186864109

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Plastics in Automotive Engineering PIAE EUROPE

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2343 2019

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L. Meistermann, C. Chaut, M. Nieder A new generation of quieter air ducts – Towards a silent HVAC system S. 461-470

„… mismatch Dissipated acoustic energy because of 0° incidence sound absorption properties Acoustic energy …” „… normal incidence sound absorption spectrum measured with a 10mm air gap measured into a Ø29mm impedance …” „… ). By closing the pores, it can become a sound barrier. These are the sound-absorption properties that …”

T. Bröker, N. van Riel, G. Slik, Berend Hoek 30% weight savings and process improvement with a new ABS-LGF alloy material replacing metal for an instrument carrier, enabling a high dimensionally stable part S. 533-552

„… component were generated. Furthermore, values for energy absorption and toughness were determined in drop …” „… construction methods, as weight reduction contributes to greater range and higher energy efficiency …” „… stiffness at 85ºC differs considerably. Water absorption of PA will influence the dimensional stability …”

M. Gross, M. Oehm, M. Richter, G. Oberhofer Integrative crash simulation of short- fiber-reinforced thermoplastics (SFRT) – Investigation of phenomenologically based material modeling S. 97-114

„… makes it possible to describe the energy absorption of a component correctly, which is a crucial key to …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023433

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Commercial Vehicles 2019

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2350 2019

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W. Schmitt, P. Huse, R. Koehnsen A new chassis-concept for electrified, light commercial vehicles based on innovative forming technologies S. 61-72

„… structure is optimized by a new composite material, which raises the absorption of energy especially in …” „… making further energy absorption impossible. With these requisites, a scalable energy absorption …” „… . It also offers a chassis-integrated protection for the energy storage (e. g. the battery system …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023501

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Partitioned Fluid-Structure Interaction Simulation of Maritime Applications

Jorrid Lund

Series: Mechanik/Bruchmechanik

Volume 360 2024

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Wave energy converter S. 62-70

„… − dP T O,t∆t. (6.2)0 2 4 6 8 10 12time in s00.511.52Absorbed power in WFigure 6.5: Power absorption.It …” „… in s00.511.52Absorbed power in WFigure 6.5: Power absorption.It is possible to estimate the power …” „… 6 Wave energy converterAs part of collaborative research between Isfahan University of Technology …”

Bibliography S. 124-138

„… the hydrodynamic coefficients and power ab-sorption of a two-body point absorber wave energy converter …” „… the hydrodynamic coefficients and power ab-sorption of a two-body point absorber wave energy converter …” „… Bibliography[1] N. Panwar, S. Kaushik, S. Kothari, Role of renewable energy sources in …”

Submersible mixer S. 71-80

„… 6 Wave energy converterEven though the WEC design presented here is only preliminary (especially …” „… power absorption. If more details aboutthe PTO mechanism are considered, it could also be possible to …” „… tune the PTO mechanismin combination with the WEC parameters to obtain an optimal energy output.707 …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186360182

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