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Drivetrain for Vehicles 2016

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2276 2016

Results in this title

F. Markowsky Efficient Friction – Use of modern tools in friction system development S. 637-644

„… friction system de elopment Dipl .- Ing. lorian ar o s y, M ib a Frict ec G m b H, Roith am usammenfassung …” „… tools in the development process. Miba as a developer and producer of wet running friction systems has …” „… efficiency of the friction system from the manufactures view and deduction of development targets, the drag …”

M. Spreckels, U. Christoffer Efficient synchronizer for comfort and performance – increase of manual and dual clutch transmissions S. 207-220

„… transmissions Dr.-Ing. Marcus Spreckels, Dipl.-Wirtsch.-Ing. Ulf Christoffer, Oerlikon Friction Systems …” „… technology with a Carbon friction layer; technologies invented and developed in the previous millennium …” „… Synchronizer Systems S3 from Oerlikon Friction Systems is fulfilling the requirements and is having the …”

O. Back, A. Damm, P. Echtler Clutches with positive fit for Automatic Transmissions S. 221-230

„… transmissions are the drag power and contact forces of the multi-disk clutches and brakes. Friction and the …” „… for shifting points where either powershifting can be ensured by parallel friction elements or which …” „… preferably reduce the installation space. The solution is to reduce the number of friction surfaces, monitor …”

T. M. Wolf Optimizing the gearbox efficiency rate by rolling bearings – Six speed manual transmission for front wheel drive cars S. 281-296

„… the primary task is the definition of a friction optimized internal bearing geometry. It is …” „… demonstrated that minimal bearing friction VDI-Berichte 2276, 2016 281 on the one hand and high bearing …” „… friction and hence generate corresponding power loss. Therefore the challenge for the bearing supplier is …”

A. Albers, K. Bause, S. Ott, S. Reichert, M. Behrendt, U. Reichert applications Tribosystemic view of CVT in drive systems – Getting tribological mechanisms in CVT under control S. 905-918

„… continuous variable transmissions. owever, slipping of variator and thus of friction contact destroys the …” „… comple friction mechanisms in conte t of overall system behaviour. In this way, robust friction systems …” „… for efficient CVT applications are generated. Besides regarding at the friction contact, it is …”

M. Jordan, P. Tenberge Optimized Start-Stop-Control of a P2-Hybrid – Identification of critical parameters for comfort and timing S. 421-434

„… mass of the flywheel to establish a frictional damping. The friction characteristics are tuned to give …” „… friction torques are considered. This gives a realistic instantaneous cranking torque characteristic (see …” „… a series of coil springs acting on dedicated friction elements as depicted in Fig 4. When …”

S. Fujimoto, N. Shiomura, K. Sato, Y. Kawahara The Trend and Future of Torque Converter for CVT S. 869-878

„… 2276, 2016 869 to the development of variator design and the reduction of friction loss with low …” „… . It has an advantage in durability of LU piston and friction material. 2- Production history of CVT …” „… development and use of friction materials to achieve better judder performance. CVT was mainly without SLU …”

J.-N. Mach, G. Poll Influence of surface structures on the operational behavior of continuously variable transmissions S. 919-920

„… for power transmission by friction. In the research work presented here it was investigated how …” „… performance including the variation in lubrication regime and hence in friction coefficient along the arc of …” „… of these simulations, coefficients of friction were derived which vary alongside the contact arc …”

F. Brezger, A. Moser Energy Saving Potentials by Advanced Functionalities of Clutch or Brake actuator Systems for Vehicle Drivetrains S. 137-156

„… designed as friction clutches or brakes in the vehicle. In a 8- or 9-speed automatic 2 clutches are …” „… usually engaged for a selected gear, as well as the lock-up clutch. Also CVTs usually have friction …” „… keep normal forces at clutch disks. The transmittable toque is determined by the occurring friction …”

B. Kluge Systematic approach to generate Multi-Mode-Transmissions – Method to evaluate the potential of Multi-Mode-Transmissions S. 157-166

„… , friction shift elements, a hydraulic system and a torque converter. For the hybrid functionalities an …” „… hybrid Mechanical complexity - - (several gear sets and friction shifting elements, launch element …” „… friction shift elements, two electrical machines and one hydraulic system. It features four fixed gear …”

R. Kronstorfer, F. Kolb, U. Pinschmidt Audi quattro – Four wheel drive becomes more efficient S. 369-382

„… is driven by the road and wheels thereby incurring friction and churning losses. In order to make a …” „… closed. Following this the system can be considered as a known all-wheel drive with friction clutch. The …” „… friction clutch and the dog clutch the bevel gear and propshaft will stop rotating. Losses in the rear …”

J. Utz, V. Lichtenwald, G. Hirt Short Synchro (STSS) – reduced shift travel for MT’s and DCT’s – Development of a synchronizer system for future demands in transmissions S. 231-242

„… costs due to a reduction in the number of friction cones while maintaining the same gearshift force and …” „… using ring packages with high stiffness, highly wear resistant friction layers or restricted axial …” „… system were not reduced. The wear reserve, clearance and friction layer width of the ring package are …”

K. Fronius, A. Harsch, P. Neuwirth, J. Gindele The AMG SPEEDSHIFT DCT from the Mercedes-Benz 7G-DCT Family – Performance for the Road and Race Track in the Compact Segment S. 53-68

„… : Twisted tooth flank for optimized contact pattern The number of friction surfaces in the 7G-DCT AMG …” „… The actual lock consists of a multi-disk clutch with four friction pairings made of steel with …” „… basket difficult at a differential speed (transition from adhesion in sliding friction in the disk …”

A. Lampe, U. Mettin, R. Serway Clutch control of stepped automatic transmissions by using a virtual DCT-structure – Power shifts made easy with generic control software S. 405-420

„… drivers request within the shift using both clutches. A friction clutch can transfer a torque in both …” „… applied friction torque with , / 0. If the clutch is locked, a torque can be transferred in both …” „… into three phases. In phase (1) C1 is closed. The transferred friction torque , is calculated with eq …”

S. A. Pahlovy, S. Faria Mahmud, M. Kubota, M. Ogawa, N. Takakura Improvement of transmission efficiency by reducing the drag torque in disengaged wet clutch – Development of a model for calculating drag torque or spin loss of disengaged wet clutch of transmission S. 879-896

„… schematic images of a clutch pack and the major components of a clutch pack respectively. A friction disk …” „… gap between friction disk and separator plate can be expressed as 22 22 inout ino rr rr …” „… up to 20,000 rpm (iii) Capable of testing actual clutch pack assemblies (iv) Friction within the …”

A. Albers, S. Ott, N. Bursac, S. Rapp Product Generation Engineering – efficient and effective to innovative drivetrain solutions S. 17-32

„… are now between secondary flywheel and one friction lining of the clutch disk and between the …” „… pressure plate and the second friction lining of the clutch disk. This topology of the coupling system …” „… of the base friction besides the sealing function. This provides another degree of freedom for …”

A. Albers, U. Reichert, S. Ott, A. Radimersky Software supported development of a Battery Electric Vehicle powertrain considering the efficiency S. 321-338

„… friction losses within the shifting progress [12]. In summary, the increasing volume and losses of gearbox …” „… without traction interruption, the specific friction work and the specific shifting capacity are …” „… the tool to calculate the specific friction work and the specific shifting capacity. If the work and …”

M. Funk, G. Bofinger, J. Patzer, D. O. Lautenschlager, E. Granderath The New Porsche Dual Clutch Gearbox (PDK) – an Important Component of the Powertrain of the Future S. 69-84

„… the required minimum system pressure, lossoptimised selection of synchronisers, friction-optimised …” „… torque. The sizes of the clutches differ primarily as a function of the number of friction plates. The …” „… a shift from fourth to fifth gear is up to 23 m/s, and the specific friction is approx. 20 W/mm2 at …”

D. Kupka, P. Tenberge Automated concept design for the evaluation of favourable AT structures S. 193-206

„… operation conditions. The layout of the shifting elements is based on data for friction materials …” „… shafts around the clutch the radial size of the shifting element and the number of friction plates is …” „… designed so that the layout criteria of the friction materials maximum slipping speed, maximum pressure on …”

M. Maisch, M. Homm, U. Keller The Highly Efficient 9GH-TRONIC Plug-In Hybrid Transmission by Mercedes-Benz S. 339-352

„… speed range. A fundamental design requirement here is an almost friction-free behavior of the spring …” „… - GEN2 powertrain 7G-TRONIC Plug-In GEN3 powertrain 9GH-TRONIC friction reduction energy for additional …” „… frictional losses of the optimized disconnect clutch with 79 percent and the main transmission with 28 …”

R. König, A. Viehmann, S. Rinderknecht Development of the transmission control for a High-Speed Multi-Gear Powertrain Concept for Electric Vehicles S. 543-562

„… control, no friction-based synchronizer parts are necessary. This can save installation space, cost and …” „… increase efficiency due to the fact that there are almost no friction losses when engaging the dog clutch …”

W. Hinz, G. Bednarek The new 8-speed FWD Automatic Transmission for General Motors / A. Opel AG S. 383-396

„… Fig. 3). The LaCrosse has a 207 k torque converter. The transmission is filled with low friction oil …”

B. Löffler, J. Patzner, M. Drabek, K. Armbruster Modular 8-Speed Hybrid Dual Clutch Transmission With Integrated All-Wheel Distributor by ZF S. 85-100

„… also designed in a modular manner: The number of friction multidisks defines the torque that can be …”

V. Warth, B. Reick, B. Bertsche, M. Geimer Efficient analysis of complex continuously variable power split transmissions with multiple in- and outputs S. 719-730

„… Hydrostatic variator Friction wheel variator Hydrodynamic variator Ratio range Operating principle Power …” „… Frictional engagement Hydraulically Enveloped variator Electric variator Spur gears and planetary gears …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181022764

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Friction Potential Estimation for Autonomous Driving

Thorsten Lajewski

Series: Verkehrstechnik/Fahrzeugtechnik

Volume 816 2022

Results in this title

Remaining Risk of Overestimating the Friction Potential S. 127-135

„… 0.8–10510required frictionfrequencyin%Figure 6.4: Required friction potential distribution based on the …” „… 6 Remaining Risk of Overestimating theFriction PotentialIn this chapter, the results of the …” „… friction potential. The missing in-gredient of this estimation is the required friction during normal …”

Development of a Friction Potential Measurement Method S. 55-80

„… frictionpotentialFigure 3.11: Friction potential measurements on brake point 29 splitted by used tyre and …” „… similarresults with friction potential values around 0.9. While on the wet asphalt, the frictionpotential only …” „… 3 Development of a Friction PotentialMeasurement MethodIn this chapter, a new method to measure the …”

Fundamentals of Tyre Friction and its Effect in Tyre Models S. 36-54

„… .422.1 Important Influencing FactorsRubber FrictionThe two main phenomena generating the rubber friction …” „… frictionpotential reduction of 36 % compared to a wet intermediate layer.Rubber Friction on Wet SurfacesThe classic …” „… friction.AquaplaningA larger water layer on the road can lead to aquaplaning, which can lead to a completeloss of the …”

Introduction S. 1-35

„… properties not resolved by the categorisation influence the frictionpotential.The median friction potential …” „… frictionpotential values confirm a similar friction potential range as the Forschungsvereini-gung Automobiltechnik …” „… frictionpotential related accidents may also happen when the friction potential is reduced tovalues above 60 % of …”

Conclusions S. 136-138

„… 7 ConclusionsThe guarantee of a lower friction potential bound is a requirement for safe route …” „… change in a comfortable manner,a large preview distance, which is dependent on the friction potential …” „… friction potential estimation method. If the objective is using thismethod type, the relevant factors …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XX

„… Slipκe Ordinate of Slip-force Curveλ Length of Road Asperities mµ Frictionµpot Friction …” „… E-ISBN: 978-3-18-681612-2BAND 1|1VOLUME 1|1NR. 816REIHE 12VERKEHRSTECHNIK/FAHRZEUGTECHNIKLajewskiFriction …” „… · Seite 2L_220487_Reihe_12_816_Cover.pdf · Seite 222Friction Potential Estimation for …”

Grip Map S. 81-103

„… friction. Since this frictioncomponent is also an interaction of surface texture and rubber properties, it …” „… 4 Grip MapIn order to provide continuous information about the friction potential to the AV …” „… continuous friction potentialmeasurement method needs to be used. Measurements found in literature and …”

Bibliography S. 155-174

„… Institute, 2001.23. HALL, J.; SMITH, K. L.; TITUS-GLOVER, L. et al. Guide for pavement friction.Final Report …” „… Tire-Force Ellipse (Friction Ellipse) and Tire Char-acteristics. In: SAE Technical Paper. SAE International …” „… friction performance models. In: 2nd international colloquium on vehicle tyreroad interaction, Friction …”

Appendix S. 139-154

„… intermediate layer combinations.B.1 Friction Measurements on FAT trackFigure B.3 shows a comparison between SWB …” „… can be seen, that the friction potential values of the SWB measure-ments are always higher than the …” „… , that several of the braking points spe-cified in the FAT project have a lower wet friction potential …”

Intermediate Layer Classification S. 104-126

„… the SWB measurementson the test course, a change from dry to damp conditions decreases the friction …” „… po-tential by some margin, while ice or snow massively reduces the friction potential.Therefore, in this …” „… ’Friction’ EU-project [66] and the MARWIS sensor were considered as ground truth sensors. Bothsensors …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186816122

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International Conference on Gears 2022

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2389 2022

Results in this title

P. I. Pedrero, D. Martinez–Lopez, M. Pleguezuelos, J. Calvo–Irisarri, M. B. Sanchez, A. Fernandez–Sison Minimum friction losses in wind turbine gearboxes S. 715-730

„… Minimum friction losses in wind turbine gearboxes Prof. Dr.-Eng. José I. Pedrero, Eng. Débora …” „… , Zamudio, Vizcaya, Spain Abstract In this paper, a study on the variation of the friction losses with …” „… the gears are calculated to minimize the friction losses. 1. Introduction High efficiencies are not …”

P. Rodel, R. Spieler, M. Indenbirken, T. Nuisl Holistic friction optimization of transmissions – a significant contribution for sustainability S. 731-744

„… Holistic friction optimization of transmissions A significant contribution for sustainability …” „… are faced with new challenges. The topic friction optimization gains higher importance during …” „… required. The only means to achieve cost and time efficient holistic friction optimization is the usage of …”

D. Mevissen, L. Uhlmann, U. Kupper, J. Brimmers, T. Bergs Analysis of friction of bowl-shaped surface structures resulting from alternative gear manufacturing processes S. 1371-1382

„… solid contact points for the entire mixed friction area.Determination of the frictional behavior of …” „… Procedure0,040,050,060,070,080,090,100 1000 2000FrictionCoefficientµ/ -Turning Speed Test Part n1 / min-1vg …” „… % Test RigDisk-on-Disk Friction ForceFNFRFDMSn1n2FrictionCoefficientμ / -Turning Speed Test Shaft n1 …”

A. Baumann, B. Bertsche Coefficient of friction behavior of gear oils and significance for the meshing process of spur gears S. 745-762

„… D E0.4vg(x)v0.20Line of action gNormal force per tooth pairCoefficient of frictionSliding velocityr1 …” „… coefficient of friction behavior of oils is a measure of the frictional force in relation to the contact …” „… different frictional behavior in the area of 10–880 mm/s speed range. In the area of fluid friction from 880 …”

A. Miltenovic, M. Banic Investigation of the meshing friction heat generation of worm gears and influence of the contact shape S. 803-810

„… Investigation of the meshing friction heat generation of worm gears and influence of the contact …” „… Niš, Serbia Abstract Two interesting research topics for worm gears are friction losses and scuffing …” „… worm gears is complicated, and it is leads to a high friction between contact surfaces. High friction …”

A. Gebhard, W. Kassem, M. Oehler Cylinder-on-ring model wear tests as an input data source for the simulation of friction and wear of plastic gears S. 1133-1148

„… [2]. This procedure uses the coefficient of friction (COF) in sliding to simulate frictional heat …” „… Cylinder-on-ring model wear tests as an input data source for the simulation of friction and wear …” „… , friction, wear and wear track temperature of PA46/GF30 rings sliding against 16MnCr5 cylinders were …”

R. Jaeger, C. Koplin, B. Schluter Lubricated polymer-steel-systems: influence of the surface and interfacial energies of frictional partners on their tribological performance S. 1223-1236

„… coefficient of friction (COF) at low gliding velocities, the surface hardness and the wear rate. The study …” „… of the Stribeck curve”, i.e. the boundary friction regime, is influenced by these interactions [1 …” „… ” not only yields results on the tribological performance in the boundary friction regime and the …”

W. Kassem, M. Oehler, B. Sauer, S. Schmidt, J. Hausmann Investigation of the time-dependent behavior of plastic gears with local tribological simulation S. 1281-1294

„… tribological simulation, which includes local calculation of coefficient of friction, temperature and wear. 1 …” „… tribological simulation to analyse friction and wear. Abrasive wear alters the tooth geometry, which in turn …” „… geometry of size 2 FE analysis Friction simulationTemperature calculation Wear simulationGeometry …”

S. Bill Efficiency improvement and surface protection by using particle-based phyllosilicate-additive S. 935-942

„… sheared in the tribological contact, which leads to a significant reduction in friction. More detailed …” „… treated systems can run better with reduced friction, wear, surface roughness and temperature. These …” „… analysis of the friction modifiers. To simplify the study and to keep costs low we started with an FZG …”

S. Sklenak, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher Analysis of local wear within the dry lubricated rolling- sliding contact of coated surfaces S. 305-316

„… the lubricant loses its friction-reducing effect. In addition to extreme operating conditions, hygiene …” „… . The friction force curves show comparable characteristics. An increased frictional force is observed …” „… mechanisms, tests with interval operation were carried out and evaluated in relation to the friction force …”

K. Daubach, M. Oehler, B. Sauer Wear simulation of worm gears based on an energetic approach S. 329-342

„… friction and wear by considering the change of wheel flank geometry. The wear model correlates frictional …” „… based on an energetic wear equation. This approach associates wear with solid friction energy oc-curring …” „… tribological calculation to determine the local solid tooth friction and wear. The calculation is iterated with …”

S. Matkovič, M. Kalin Effect of tribological properties on tooth root fatigue failure of polymer gears S. 1257-1268

„… . The friction and wear, and the tribofilms, in the polymer-metal contacts are influenced by various …” „… behavior. In addition, a predictive model for the friction along the meshing line on the gear flank based …” „… coefficient of friction measured on real gears. It was found [9] that the failure of polymer gears is usually …”

B. Reetz, T. Munch, W. Kappeler Challenges for lead-free brass alloys in worm gears S. 1467-1488

„… contributes to the gear losses and is transformed into frictional heat. To overcome friction and to prevent …” „… (castability, hot workability, machinability). On the other hand, they need to function under wear, friction …” „… to increasing wear under high loadings. This wear is further driven by the generation of friction …”

G. Hlebanja, M. Hriberšek, M. Erjavec, S. Kulovec Influence of the tooth flank shape on wear for a steel-POM gar pair S. 1295-1304

„… temperature properties or internal lubricants are at disposal. Heat is prevailingly generated by friction …” „… induced by sliding of the contacting surfaces of a mating gear pair. And work of friction, treated as …” „… energy loss, can be attributed to the meshing gear pair flank load, to the friction coefficient (material …”

S. Vonderschmidt, A. Ott, A. Vonderschmidt High speed machining with magnetically geared driven tools on rotatory milling machines S. 1415-1428

„… conventional planetary gears. These advantages are mainly due to the lack of friction. - No lubricant: Because …” „… there are no active components in contact, there is no friction and no need for lubricants. - High …” „… speeds: Due to the lack of friction, very high speeds can be realized. - Overload protection: If the …”

J. Vorgerd, P. Tenberge, M. Joop Scuffing of cylindrical gears with pitch line velocities up to 100 m/s S. 903-914

„… , occurring at operating conditions with boundary friction conditions, and warm scuffing. In the case of warm …” „… locally roughened resulting in increased vibrations and gear friction. Extensive experimental studies …” „… moving heat source. Local loads from Hertzian stress, gear friction and sliding heat the contacting …”

B. Zhmud, M. Bengtsson, L. Everlid Improving the tribological and nhv behavior of gears by mechanochemical surface finishing S. 1365-1370

„… gears are expected to reveal improved scuffing resistance, reduced friction and wear, and lower noise …” „… levels. Thus, the reduced friction shear is translated into improved power transmission efficiency …” „… friction shear [4] Figures 4 compares the FZG scuffing load and wear before scuffing for conventionally …”

C. M. Illenberger, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Operating behavior and performance of oil-lubricated plastic gears S. 1117-1132

„… transmitted drive power and the coefficient of friction prevailing in the tooth contact, the lubrication …” „… conduction from the tooth surface. The friction in the tooth contact results in heating of the tooth surface …” „… gears, VDI 2736 [10] recommends a coefficient of friction of μ = 0.04. Fig. 6 shows the maximum measured …”

K. Stahl, T. Tobie, C. M. Illenberger Standardized methods of load capacity calculation of plastic gears S. 1173-1180

„… gear. Grease lubrication is one possibility to reduce friction in the gear contact and thus minimize …” „… friction losses in order to increase the possible drive power. Operation under oil-lubricated conditions is …” „… by means of lower friction losses due to lubrication but heat is also removed from the gear contact …”

P. Roth, M. Hein, K. Stahl Scuffing load capacity calculation of worm gears S. 811-824

„… local coefficient of friction ? ?,? , the local Hertzian contact stress ? ?,? and the local sliding …” „… coefficients of friction are calculated iteratively depending on the local contact temperature and with a mixed …” „… friction approach according to [24]. 3.2 Solution of the model The numerical model then considers following …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XXVIII

„… University, Higashi-hiroshima, Japan f FrictionMinimum friction losses in wind turbine gearboxes …” „… , SpainHolistic friction optimization of transmissions – a significant contribution for sustainability …” „… . Nuißl, Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG, Herzogenaurach, GermanyCoefficient of friction behavior of …”

M. Zalfen, J. Lovenich, O. Malinowski, C. Brecher, J. Brimmers, S. Neus, S. Stark, D. Kruger Test rig concept for high power VHCF gear testing S. 485-498

„… friction to overcome. This significantly reduces the possibility of friction-induced overheating. Since …” „… axial forces from the gear set must be greater than the friction forces in the shaft hub connection. The …” „… the friction forces are the same. To ensure a load release in case of increased friction return …”

K. Yanagisawa, A. Weinmann Weight and cost reduction potentials with high performance polymers for gears S. 1019-1032

„… friction was requested here, too. Finally, the materials of choice show a working combination of unfilled …” „… to the low deviation of rotation speed of the driven gear) and, less wear (due to less friction …” „… speed of the driven gear) and, less wear (due to less friction between the teeth). In order to stay …”

P. Tenberge, J. Vorgerd, L. Gondecki 2-disc tribometer for various tests on sliding/rolling contacts with tribological loads such as in tooth flank contacts S. 145-156

„… mechanisms [2 ... 5], as shown in Fig. 2. Thin lubricating films reduce the friction and, by the influence of …” „… also good models for calculating the coefficients of friction [13] in the lubricated contacts and also …” „… - and test-systems. Furthermore, it will have an integrated measurement device for the friction force …”

M. Weigand, C. Gachot Improved rotorcraft drivetrain safety and related research with special focus on improved lubricants for rotorcraft transmissions S. 561-572

„… test benches in combination with FVA – reference oils. Fig. 7: Friction coefficient for base …” „… friction coefficient is much lower when the base oil is blended with ionic liquids. This leads to better …” „… www.Springer.com/journal/40544 | Friction. Accepted: 12 May 2022 [5] Weigand, M.; Faruck, M.: Loss of Lubrication in …”

P. H. O. Teixeira, J. Brimmers, T. Bergs Consideration of micro-interaction in the modeling of generating gear grinding processes S. 1517-1528

„… investigated: friction, plowing and shearing. In order to verify the distribution of the chip formation …” „… 0.8 1.0Example of path for grain 6Contact zoneRegion with no engagement detectedRegion of friction …” „… + plowing Region of friction + plowing + shearing2.01.51.00.50.0Grain 1Grain 2Grain 3Grain 4Grain 5Grain 6 …”

S. Reitschuster, C. M. Illenberger, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Application of high performance polymer gears in light urban electric vehicle powertrains S. 1181-1196

„… friction behavior positively. Thus, experimental studies in [9, 10] have shown that very low coefficients …” „… of friction in the range of superlubricity are technically possible in the lubricated polymer contact …” „… increased efficiency due to very low coefficient of friction in the area of superlubricity under specific …”

K. Stahl Foreword S. 1-2

„… contributions to the conference discuss additional possibilities, for example by reducing friction losses. Other …”

J. Koenig, D. Kehle, K.-P. Heinzle Investigation of the failure mechanisms of plastic materials with and without fiber reinforcement S. 1269-1280

„… friction-reducing additives such as PTFE in PA66 lead to reduced frictional power and an associated lower tooth …” „… that, in the case of oil-lubricated gearings, friction-reducing additives such as PTFE and graphite …” „… calculated the local temperature increase from a friction and deformation part, and according to Hachmann and …”

I. Moriwaki, K. Tatsuoka, K. Kobayashi, W. Nakamoto, D. Iba, A. Ueda Load-capacity evaluation of polyacetal (POM) internal gears according to JIS B 1759:2016 S. 1161-1172

„… integral value times the friction coefficient corresponds to the frictional work done on a tooth during one …” „… moderate the heat due to tooth-flank friction so that the temperature-rise factor in Eq. (3) would be …” „… tangential force per unit area. If the friction coefficient is constant over the tooth flank, therefore, the …”

N. Tros, J. Brimmers, T. Bergs Approach for multiscale modeling the thermomechanical tool load in gear hobbing S. 1489-1502

„… . It can therefore be assumed that the material model is also valid for the present case. The friction …” „… at the tool-chip interface was described by the COULOUMB friction law at a constant coefficient of …” „… friction of μ = 0.4. The fraction of plastic work converted into heat was considered by a QUINNEY-TAYLOR …”

S. Oberle, V. Labriola, E. Melnikov, G. Gariglio High performance plastic gear solution in the engine environment S. 1033-1044

„… ones allowed relevant improvements in terms of NVH behavior, friction, weight / inertia and cost …” „… good damping, low friction and wear behavior while achieving good tooting quality grades. On the other …” „… the material leads to good manufacturing tolerances. The tooth mesh will have low friction and good …”

F. Reinle, D. Mangherini, E. Morgano, A. Bongiovanni Combining improved gear efficiency and improved fatigue performance through mass finishing S. 609-620

„… for its high relevance regarding friction. Due to the high impact of surface gradients which the …” „… proportion can be increased and friction can be reduced. However, Rdq or Sdq are parameters where the …” „… frictional energy input. The finished surface is a combination of improved roughness, compressive stress and …”

B. van Wissen, M. Kanters, F. Mitsuzuka, K. Iwanaga, M. Meuwissen, A. Hasanovic Predicting static and fatigue performance of fiber reinforced plastic gears S. 1083-1098

„… composition, excellent wear and friction properties and retains its mechanical properties for a long period of …” „… performed within a range of environmental temperatures. Due to friction the local tooth temperature …” „… due to additional heat generation by friction at the tooth contacts. Even despite the presence of the …”

X. Zheng, Y. Hu FE analysis and predication on the traveling wave – resonance of aero-gears S. 915-926

„… model for hysteretic friction damping of travelingwave vibration in axisymmetric structures. J. Vib …” „… . Acoust. 2008, 130, 011005. [18] Tangpong, X.W.; Wickert, J.A.; Akay, A. Distributed friction damping of …”

C. Li, B. Peng, Y. Luo Research on indexing error of gear with few teeth in rolling process S. 445-456

„… L. et al. [15] quantitatively analyzed the influence of friction factor and initial bite on the slip …” „… ratio of the surface is 0.01 to refine the mesh, as shown in Fig 7 (b). The friction coefficient between …”

T. Matsumura, K. Mioki, M. Kada, R. Okuizumi, A. Pogačnik Improved calculation methodology for the prediction of tooth temperature of plastic gears S. 1237-1248

„… friction (COF) is unclear, 2) the equation for the gear temperature calculation is not precise enough. In …” „… parameter for the temperature calculation is coefficient of friction (COF). Usually, the COF is measured on …”

J. J. Zhang, Prof. Y. M. Hu, X. X Luan, Z. S. Zhang Research on the effectiveness of roelands formula with constant VPC in EHL of higher pair contact S. 119-132

„… , which has a non-negligible effect on the characteristic parameters such as film thickness, friction …” „… friction shear heating was considered in this work on the basis of Spikes et al. [8] & Reddyhoff et al. [9 …”

D. Zorko, Z. Bergant, B. Černe Potential of woven carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite gears S. 1071-1082

„… generated heat is predominantly a consequence of the sliding friction effect during gear meshing. Based on a …” „… function of the coefficient of friction (COF), the sliding speed and contact pressure. Here, the COF was …” „… transient mechanical finite element meshing analysis, the frictional heat flux could be calculated as a …”

A. Eric, D. Olveda, T. Froschmeier, V. Schulze Local pitting fatigue concept with EHL simulation for case hardened gears in electrical drives S. 133-144

„… foundation for many subsequent approaches. Later, Li et al. [4] developed a sophisticated mixed friction EHL …” „… based on existing approaches and includes a mixed-friction EHL contact model as well as a new procedure …”

L.-C. Chang, S.-J. Tsai, C.-H. Huang Contact characteristics of cycloid planetary gear drives considering backlashes and clearances S. 215-226

„… the bearing rollers. Friction and gravity are not considered. 3.2 Final position due to the …” „… ) A Study on loaded tooth contact analysis of a cycloid planetary gear reducer considering friction …”

A. Mihailidis, A. Psarros, I. Nerantzis FE tooth contact analysis of crossed helical gear drives considering misalignments and deviations S. 597-608

„… quasi-static. In the case studied, output torque is set 12 Nm. The friction coefficient of the mating flanks is …”

P. Mahendra Rao, S. Foletti, L. Bonaiti, C. Gorla, S. Beretta, F. Concli Mode III threshold under rolling contact fatigue and development of a test gearbox for planet gears S. 499-510

„… the results with the full-scale test articles of the experimental campaign. Friction has been …”

A. Pogačnik, U. Kissling The future of plastic gear standardization S. 1149-1160

„… coefficient of friction). However, as research has shown, there can be a significant difference in measured …”

W. Wagner, S. Schumann, B. Schlecht Enhanced loaded tooth contact analysis of hypoid gears within a multi-body-system simulation S. 357-370

„… contact and therefore the reaction forces under consideration of friction. This leads to a simplification …”

T. Arndt, J. Klose, M. Gerstenmeyer, V. Schulze Tool wear development in gear skiving process of quenched and tempered internal gears S. 1331-1344

„… in the orthogonal cut, should be carried out to understand the complex interrelations of the friction …”

K. J. Winkler, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Influence of grinding zones on the tooth root bending strength of case carburized cylindrical gears S. 287-304

„… friction-locked between both jaws, therefore an underload is needed, which was always lower than 10 % of the test …”

H.-J. Dennig, L. Zumofen, A. Kirchheim, S. Winterberg, D. Stierli Increasing the safety against scuffing of additive manufactured gear wheels by internal cooling channels S. 1345-1364

„… the following article. The tooth flank is primarily exposed to pressure and friction with simultaneous …”

B. Legrady, M. Taesch, G. Tschirschnitz, C. F. Mieth Prediction of churning losses in an industrial gear box with spiral bevel gears using the smoothed particle hydrodynamic method S. 651-664

„… is required to decrease friction between the contacting gears and to absorb the dissipated heat from …”

L. Hildebrand, F. Dangl, M. Sedlmair, T. Lohner, K. Stahl CFD analysis on the oil flow of a gear stage with guide plate S. 677-694

„… effects of DLC coatings on fluid friction in EHL contacts. Lubrication Science 30. Heft: 6, S. 285–299 …”

D. Drummer, D. Schubert, C. Herzog In situ measurement of geometric and structural influences on the operating properties of polymer gears S. 1099-1116

„… efficiency and friction of plastic cylindrical gears. Part 2: Influence of tooth geometry,“ Proceedings of …” „… expansion Compared to metals, polymers have a high thermal expansion. Due to frictional heating, the gear …” „… µm after 106 load cycles, probably due to reduced stiffness caused by frictional heating of the …”

K. Kumagai, H. Liu, S. Kurokawa Improving pitting durability by introducing the non-linear wear propagation property of helical gears S. 317-328

„… depending on a contact state of the frictional surface. Studies on wear prediction methods [4] [5] have been …”

S. A. Bohme, J. Keski-Rahkonen, T. Komssi A standardizable approach to tooth flank fracture S. 371-388

„… , transverse normal, and frictional shear stresses and imposed bystatic residual stresses. With failures …” „… occurring frictionalshear stresses. As Figure 3 shows, the difference between τMRH,max and τxy,a is in the …”

C. Schonke, T. Magdy, K. Daubach, W. Kassem, M. Oehler, O. Koch Simulation of high torque density gearbox noise excitation S. 837-848

„… torque transmission between gears and shaft is realized by an axial frictional shaft-hub-connection. The …” „… also included by these functions. The gear meshing was modeled by frictionless contacts. The housing …”

S. Matkovič, M. Kalin, A. Pogačnik Dimensional stability of moulded polymer gears under various environmental conditions S. 1061-1070

„… gearbox can increase due to frictional heating or the rise of the ambient temperature. Furthermore, the …”

R. Longato, M. Turci The effect of temperature on the SN curve for bending stress measured on a new test rig for plastic gears S. 1209-1222

„… speeds and with a total frictional moment of approximately 0.01÷0.08 Nm. In any case, the actual loss of …”

A. Kubo, M. Nagae High-speed measurement of hardness distribution with X-ray diffraction S. 1553-1568

„… tooth flank is somewhat higher than that of polished tooth flank. The frictional heat generation on …” „… changes in the direction along tooth width as grinding/polishing proceeds. The frictional heat generation …”

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International Conference on Gears 2019

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2355 2019

Results in this title

E. V. Kozharinov, J. M. Temis Dynamic model of bevel gearing with friction damper S. 635-644

„… Dynamic model of bevel gearing with friction damper Ph. D. Egor V. Kozharinov, Central …” „… gear with friction damper has been developed. Frequency response of «gear - damper» system depending …” „… level of alternating stress is using friction dampers [2]. To design such a friction VDI-Berichte Nr …”

M. Yilmaz, T. Lohner, K. Michaelis, K. Stahl Minimizing gear friction with water-containing gear fluids S. 669-680

„… Minimizing Gear Friction with Water-Containing Gear Fluids M.Sc. Mustafa Yilmaz, Dr. Thomas …” „… Universität München, Garching Abstract Lubricants have a large influence on gear friction and therefore …” „… on gearbox losses and heat balance. Synthetic oils can exhibit significantly lower gear friction …”

E. Maier, T. Lohner, K. Stahl, P. Sperka, M. Hartl Detailed analyses of film thickness and friction in thermoplastic EHL contacts S. 1391-1400

„… ). Results show that measured film thickness can deviate from approximation equations and solid friction …” „… affect the machine Detailed analyses of film thickness and friction in thermoplastic EHL contacts M.Sc …” „… thermoplastic contacts, oil lubrication reduces friction and wear and provides heat dissipation …”

R. Beilicke, L. Bobach, D. Bartel Transient 3D TEHL simulation of spiral bevel gears under mixed friction conditions S. 529-540

„… Transient 3D TEHL simulation of spiral bevel gears under mixed friction conditions Dipl.-Ing …” „… the assessment of mixed friction conditions, non-Newtonian flow behavior and mass-conserving …” „… in [3] and [4]. A discrete mixed friction model is included as well as a non-Newtonian flow model …”

D. Mevissen, C. Lopenhaus, T. Bergs Calculation of mixed friction conditions in large-scale rolling-sliding contacts for different surface structures S. 555-568

„… Calculation of Mixed Friction Conditions in Large-Scale Rolling-Sliding Contacts for Different …” „… approach, the results are validated by friction measurements in a disk-on-disk test rig. With the novel …” „… calculation method, the load dependency of the friction coefficient as well as the curvature of the STRIBECK …”

K. Takaki, M. Sugimoto Optimization of hypoid gear macro/micro geometries for high efficiency drives, taking into consideration NVH and strength S. 367-378

„… is to reduce the meshing friction of hypoid gear drives. However, it is known that reducing hypoid …” „… gear meshing friction adversely affects noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) and strength. A method …” „… developed by calculating the load distribution, sliding velocity, and coefficient of friction on each …”

K. Smrczkova Wear resistant plastics – Bespoke plastic compounds for plastic gears S. 1345-1356

„… increased friction if not lubricated or modified. In many fields of applications an external lubrication …” „… optimized wear and sliding friction, based on different thermoplastics (e.g. PA, POM, PBT, PC, PPS) with …” „… they have optimized emergency operation features like dry run and mixed friction [2]. The low mass …”

B. Hu, M. Zheng, C. Zhou Tribo-dynamics model of a spur gear pair with gyroscopic effect and flexible shaft S. 541-554

„… Vibration, 229 (2000) 287-310. [10] M. Vaishya, R. Singh, SLIDING FRICTION-INDUCED NON-LINEARITY AND …” „… transient and non- Newtonian effects are considered in the EHL model to predict tooth friction forces and …” „… behavior. Results indicate that the friction force and moment exert a negligible influence on dynamic …”

S. Nowoisky, M. Grzeszkowski, C. Guhmann, J. G. Pelham Monitoring concept study for aerospace power gear box drive train S. 269-286

„… gear teeth loss [1]. The journal bearing mixed friction will be detected by the use of an acoustic …” „… the gearbox. To extract the mixed friction pattern by the applied signal processing steps from the …” „… allows the monitoring of journal bearing mixed friction events in a planetary gearbox [2], [3]. The …”

S. Bill Life extension for gearboxes through predictive maintenance S. 1259-1262

„… the products treated machinery, gearboxes and bearings can run better with reduced friction, wear …” „… developments. Friction Reduction in Gears The friction process in gears can be well simulated by the 2 …” „… -disc assembly bench with rolling friction with a slip of 20 %. Therefore, numerous tests with …”

J. Cathelin Material data for advanced plastic gear simulation S. 1335-1344

„… humidity expansion [1/°C], [1/°Rh%] Center distance correction Friction coefficient [-] Gear temperature …” „… application performance. Wear and friction Wear and friction properties are usually measured on dedicated …” „… test specimen geometry. The friction and wear coefficients are influenced by many parameters: contact …”

B. Brodmann, H. Bodschwinna Scattered light measurement on worm gears with high efficiency requirements S. 1567-1578

„… friction behaviour of the surfaces and the efficiency of gears. Critical are the material distribution of …” „… action between the involved friction partners is a core element for an economically successful product …” „… development. In addition to the material and lubricant properties, the geometry of the friction partners in …”

H. Linke, R. Hess Tooth root bending capacity – An analysis of stress and strength S. 949-958

„… or heavy shrink fits of thin-rimmed gears The effect of friction on the tooth root bending stress …” „… Friction and Load Dependent Contact Ratio The gear mesh friction contributes to the tooth root bending …” „… stress as well but less obvious. During meshing the friction introduces shear stress at the current …”

X. Du, B. Chen, X. Shan Robust force control of series elastic actuator using disturbance observer S. 1111-1122

„… introduce challenging problems associated with large reflected inertia, friction, backlash and torque ripple …” „… article, a generic model is derived that the friction and backlash are regarded as unmodeled disturbances …” „… drawbacks of multistage gears are friction and backlash. To increase inherent safety and reduce the effect …”

T. Pinel, J. Bruyere, P.Velex, L. Billet Parametric Study of a 3D trochoidal reducer model with involute profile S. 437-448

„… contacts, and friction is taken into account by using a Coulomb model for all contacts. In this paper, a …” „… ˄ ˄ A Coulomb’s friction model is used in order to define the tangential load along the tangential …” „… is the friction coefficient, and is equal to 1 or -1 and defines the orientation of the tangential …”

A. Miltenović, M. Banić, V. Miltenović Prediction of heat generation of crossed axis gearbox S. 583-594

„… occurrence of scuffing. The main cause for overheating is heat generated inside the gearbox due to friction …” „… of bearings, frictions in sealing and above all friction between tooth flanks in contact. By …” „… gearbox due to friction of bearings, frictions in sealing and above all friction between tooth flanks in …”

F. Siglmuller, U. Weinberger, J. Gotz, M. Sedlmair, T. Lohner, K. Stahl Scaling of planetary gear stages according to gear loss similarity S. 115-126

„… PLGP(y) can be calculated based on Coulomb’s law of friction: ∙ ∙ (2) The load-dependent …” „… : ∙ ∙ ∙ (3) The distribution of the coefficient of friction along the path of contact is generally unknown …” „… and a mean coefficient of friction μmz is defined. Hence, the load-dependent gear loss PLGP can be …”

K. S. Ivanov, E. K. Yaroslavtseva Creation of gear self-controlled variator S. 1135-1144

„… optimum use of a friction is considered. Introduction Subject of research is two-mobile mechanism …” „… motion of wheels with different velocities can occur only thanks to internal friction in the mechanism …” „… the basis of optimum use of a friction and other decisions is presented. The video of …”

A. Weis, T. Deliktas, M. Liewald, N. Missal Cold forging of gear components by a modified Samanta process S. 1765-1776

„… forming process, large friction surfaces and increased punch forces are expected. The second approach …” „… counteracts VDI-Berichte Nr. 2355, 20191766 this problem of large friction surfaces by introducing a …” „… . The extended forming stroke explained above results in large friction surfaces. This should increase …”

J. Tavčar, J. Kos, D. Zorko, J. Duhovnik A multi-criteria polymer gears design optimisation procedure S. 1473-1484

„… reduced, first of all by reducing the load level or coefficient of friction. Using grease or oil can …” „… coefficient of friction is not a feature of a single material, but a pair of materials, therefore the …” „… smaller coefficient of friction (µ) or reduced power transmitted over gears can significantly reduce …”

M. Chapron, Q. Theurillat-Bonjour Tooth contact analysis of non-circular gears with non-involute tooth profiles: Application to horological spur gears S. 925-936

„… to predict the quasi-static behavior, accounting for tooth friction, is discussed. 2.1 Contact …” „… conditions and therefore, the influence of tooth friction needs to be implemented. Following [14] and …” „… force. Incorporating the friction force into the inter-mesh force wrench, the updated mesh stiffness …”

L. Stocco Complementary strengths of orbitless & planetary drives S. 1485-1496

„… not rotate, resulting in reduced friction losses, as reported in [5, 6]. Parallel-Axis drives are the …” „… not simulate gear tooth friction, a new “gear- Losses” block (beta version) computes the friction of …” „… gears meshes associated with a rotary joint, and applies an equivalent amount of friction to that joint …”

H.-J. Dennig, S. Winterberg Test stand for internally cooled metal gears S. 1263-1266

„… effect of the mostly liquid lubricant, the unavoidable friction between the tooth flanks is reduced to a …” „… friction losses of the circulating, partly turbulent, flows, which are so-called ventilation losses. If a …”

H.-J. Dennig, S. Monn, A. Vodermayer Thermoplastic high performance composite gears S. 1279-1290

„… sliding of the flanks High wear Low wear resistance or strong abrasive surface of the friction …” „… good friction and wear properties. The disadvantage of this plastic is that it is costly. Figure 1 …” „… abrasive surface of the friction partner; caused in part by chipping and in part by abrasion. This is …”

K. Mukaiyama, M. Nakagawa, T. Hirogaki, E. Aoyama Investigation of meshing phenomenon of hypoid gears with different offsets via high response infrared video thermography S. 505-516

„… model to predict friction-related mechanical efficiency losses was proposed [4]. Kolivand shows that …” „… ), pp.1085-1090 (in Japanese). [4] H. Xu, A. Kahraman, Prediction of friction-related power losses of …” „… , the offset of hypoid gears increases friction loss and leads to an increment of temperature at the …”

Y. Omiya, M. Fujii, H. Sekishita, K. Ishimoto, A. Ueda Effect of surface characterization induced by fine shot peening on scuffing of steel roller S. 37-46

„… torque, the friction coefficient and the temperature just below the interface using k thermocouple were …” „… . The friction coefficient between two rollers was calculated with the value measured by a torque …” „… , (1) where, μ is the friction coefficient, T [N･m] is measured shaft torque, r [m] is the outer …”

B. Gierl, D. Drummer spur gears S. 1367-1378

„… crosslinking, can decrease friction and wear. The injection molding process also offers the possibility to …” „… design in design guides like VDI 2736 [3]. The treatment of friction and wear problems is from great …” „… practical importance. Friction and wear are phenomena taking place at the part surface and cannot be …”

N. C. Ecke, A. K. Schlarb, J. Holler, Jan Niedermeyer, P. Klein Thermal simulation of anisotropic PEEK-based tribocomposites S. 1411-1420

„… lubricant to lower the coefficient of friction [1-2]. A further improvement of the materials’ performance …” „… regarding both friction and wear can be achieved by the incorporation of micro- and nanoparticles [3-7 …” „… .; Schlarb, A.K.: Friction and wear variations of short carbon fiber (SCF)/PTFE/graphite (10 vol.%) filled …”

S. Yokoyama A study of gear oil performances contributing to wind turbine lifetime extensions S. 845-856

„… the software by the oil properties. The value of roughness parameter Rz used in friction coefficient …” „… results of μPV in the condition of first teeth contact is shown in Fig. 9. As μPV stands for friction …” „… only indicate the degree of friction wear by damages to gears but also indicate the degree of oil …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XXVI

„… bevel gears under mixed friction conditions 529 R. Beilicke, Tribo Technologies …” „… , Hunan University, Changsha, P. R. China Calculation of mixed friction conditions in large-scale …” „… with friction damper …”

F. Eigner, R. Michel, M. Berger Analysis on the efficiency of HypoGear S. 127-136

„… and Scheurle [2]. The efficiency is approximately calculated as solid friction by setting up the …” „… and must be collinear to the friction force, so that the force polygon can be solved. Using the …” „… brake that equals any application. The braking force is distributed over 12 friction surfaces, which …”

D. Kurten, A. Kailer Hydrogen embrittlement of oil lubricated contacts S. 681-688

„… diverse nature. Contact mechanics (force, slip, friction) can cause lubricant degradation and hydrogen …” „… responsible for hydrogen generation [1, 2, 3]. Friction and slip promote surface wear and thus fragmentation …”

M. Uhlig, C. Pastor Simulation tool-chain for plastic gear design S. 1453-1460

„… , friction and wear in stationary and dynamic systems. Contacts can either be dry or lubricated. The elastic …” „… prediction at teeth is expected, especially with respect to friction, lubrication, temperature and tooth …”

K. Stahl Foreword S. 1-2

„… components offers favorable properties such as low friction, dry-running capabilities or good VDI-Berichte …”

P. Falbriard Index hobbing for asymmetrical gears S. 1181-1186

„… , Vendlincourt,Switzerland The components of a modern gearbox are optimized to minimize friction, weight, noise and …”

B. van Wissen, M. Kanters, F. Mitsuzuka, K. Iwanaga, Ir. A. Hasanovic Predicting wear for high performance plastic gears S. 1323-1334

„… torque level on local temperature When two bodies are in contact, they experience friction, which …” „… , annealing of the material, or a decrease in friction coefficient due to the formation of a surface layer …” „… it is evident that it will different when the friction coefficient changes, the heat transfer changes …”

Z. H. Wu, Y. Q. Xu, K. A. Liu The Analysis on Grease Lubrication at Two Tapered Bodies Contact Considering Surface Roughness S. 1223-1236

„… can be decomposed into three parts: grease shear stress fτ, rolling resistance force fr and friction …” „… speed (Ac=0) is also greater than the speed at valley bottom of the friction curve (the Stribeck curve …” „… bearing with low torque: Reduction of sliding friction between large flange and roller end faces machined …”

J. Hongu, H. Noborio, T. Koide, A. Tamura Proposal of linear mapping model among machining processes for gear tooth surface using graphic analysis S. 1199-1206

„… Surface texture of gear tooth flank is an important design factor relating to meshing friction, sound and …” „… (in Japanese) [2] S. Matsumoto Estimation Formula of Friction Coefficient of Rolling-Sliding Contact …”

M. Ruzek, F. Ville, P. Velex, Y. Marchesse Windage power loss reductions in high-speed gear pairs S. 91-100

„… accelerated to its maximal speed by a friction wheel. Once the maximum speed is reached, the friction wheel …”

R. Ratnagiri, M. Kato, H. Kuchelka Advances in polyacetal materials for gears S. 1357-1366

„… creep resistance, dimensional stability, good wear and friction properties and impact toughness. We …” „… wear and friction behaviour that is so beneficial with Delrin®. Examples of such formulations are also …”

W. Wagner, S. Schumann, B. Schlecht Co-simulation of the tooth contact of bevel gears within a multibody simulation S. 217-228

„… distribution functions, comparable to those used for the compliances. The calculation of friction and local …” „… were used. For comparability reasons damping and friction were neglected in the calculation. The gear …”

P. H. O. Teixeira, C. Lopenhaus, C. Brecher, T. Bergs Discretization of the contact conditions considering the grain engagement for generating gear grinding S. 1739-1748

„… quality. However, due to the friction generated in the contact zone, high temperatures are achieved …” „… modeling based on friction, plowing and shearing. Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, 139 …”

B. J . Siewerin, T. Tobie, K. Stahl, A. Dobler Flank load carrying capacity of hard-soft gear pairings S. 173-184

„… parameters. Especially, the friction coefficient in the gear mesh µ has an effect on the pitting load …” „… capacity. An increase in the friction of a lubricating oil leads to a decrease of the pitting lifetime …”

N. Wan, L. Yao Efficiency modelling and analysis for a novel double-arc bevel gear nutation transmission system for pure electric vehicles S. 1253-1258

„… tooth width, and μ is friction coefficient. Equivalent gear is used to simplify the complex meshing …”

D. V. Kalinin, J. Y. Temis Influence of tooth profile modification on planetary gear sets dynamic S. 777-784

„… . Oswald, Dennis P.: Townsend. Dynamic Measurements of Gear Tooth Friction and Load. National Aeronautics …” „… (t,q)} is a column matrix of frictional forces [4]; ( , ) is a periodically varying mesh stiffness …”

F. Concli, L. Maccioni, C. Gorla Power loss analysis of different high-power density gearbox typologies: CFD analysis and experimental measurements on a cycloidal gear set S. 101-114

„… friction of bearings (on the eccentric input shaft), between the rollers and the cycloidal disk, in the …” „… and C. H. Marston, “Friction drag on bladed disks in housings as a function of reynolds number, axial …” „… .” . [11] J. W. Daily et al, “Chamber dimension effects on induced flow and frictional resistance of …”

B. Azzam, F. Harzendorf, R. Schelenz, G. Jacobs, W. Holweger White etching crack bearing failure: identification of high risk lubricant compounds using artificial neural networks S. 569-582

„… under Mixed Friction: Influences and “Friction Energy Accumulation” as Indicator," Tribology …” „… Hypothesis of Frictional Surface Crack Initiation and Corrosion Fatigue Driven Crack Growth," NREL 2011 …”

S. Vonderschmidt, A. Ott, A. Vonderschmidt High speed driven tool for machine tools using magnetic transmission technology S. 1145-1154

„… losses due to gear friction it is not loss free. There are several aspects causing losses in a magnetic …” „… transmission a magnetic gearbox is frictionless. Different advantages come out of contactless torque …”

K. Landet, J. Perret-Liaudet, E. Rigaud, J. Y. Guerder, M. Fraces Experimental study of railway gearbox whining noise S. 79-90

„… ., 1980, “Analysis of Defective Anti-Friction Bearings in the Paper Industry,” Virginia-Caro lina Section …”

M. R. Mauntz, J. Peuser Deep online oil analysis of dielectric parameters for life time enhancement of industrial gearboxes – Identification of critical operation conditions for reduction of failure rates S. 245-256

„… on the internal friction of the oil and therefore, also on its temperature. The conductivity kappa …”

S. Detzel, Y. S. Krieger, M. F. Traeger, T. C. Lueth Design of gear surface models for 3D-printing of plastic gears S. 1401-1410

„… applications, dry friction between two SLS-parts is a limiting factor. Therefore, third-party ball bearings …”

D. Park, F. Santini, A. Rezayat, T. Tamarozzi, J. Pavel Experimental and numerical investigation of helical gear transmission error under gear misalignments S. 355-366

„… higher gear contact friction at this low speed of revolution tested, where Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication …” „… (EHL) film is not established whereas the frictionless contact was assumed in the simulation. 5 …”

C. Boehme, D. Vill, P. Tenberge Extension of the application limits for crossed helical gearboxes by new geometries for smaller sliding paths or smaller contact pressures S. 1299-1310

„… on tooth pairs in the multiple contact area can be calculated. With existing tooth friction …”

P. Lopez Garcia, S. Crispel, T. Verstraten, E. Saerens, B. Vanderborght, D. Lefeber Wolfrom gearboxes for lightweight, human-centered robotics S. 753-764

„… . • Load Hysteresis during subsequent loading and unloading of the gearbox, mainly rooted on friction …”

C. Hegger, T. Kruger, J. Maas Two-speed transmission based on energy-efficient MRF-coupling elements and power split mechanism S. 867-876

„… a lower torque density compared to a friction based clutch was determined as most significant …”

P. Barreiro, J. Hoffmeister, J. Hermes, A. Bronner New improvement opportunities through applying topology optimization combined with 3D printing to the construction of gearbox housings S. 1823-1834

„… cooling channels into the housing structure. Thus, the relevant friction points cool down by an oil …”

Y. Cai, L. Yao, J. Ding, S. Ouyang, J. Zhang Analysis of dynamic transmission error for nutation drive with double circular arc gears under assembly errors and different loads S. 343-354

„… contact deformation, friction between teeth, assembly errors and loads, which can accurately solve the …”

J. Pellkofer, M. Hein, K. Stahl, T. Reimann, M. Hombauer New calculation method of the micropitting load carrying capacity of bevel and hypoid gears S. 517-528

„… thickness For determining the local lubricant film thickness the knowledge of the friction coefficient …”

L. Hui, X. Changl, Y. Shouw, L. Cheng, Z. Chen, L. Yu Research on Dynamic Drum Shape Modification of Helical Gear Pair S. 1011-1026

„… friction, as shown in equation (13): =f mF F (13) The calculation process of the distributed …”

M. Zapf, J. Klose, F. Zanger, V. Schulze Analysis of process forces and surface topography when manufacturing case-hardened gears by double flanked hard skiving S. 1647-1658

„… machining. Due to the much lower percentage of friction compared to grinding, the dissipation of process …”

M. Solf, C. Lopenhaus, T. Bergs Influence of elastic effects on the grinding force in plunging bevel gear grinding S. 1687-1696

„… the friction between the rotating grinding wheel and the grinding oil in the contact zone. The shear …”

H. Wang, X. Wen, C. Zhou, Z. Liu Wear prediction for double helical gears grinded by forming method S. 315-330

„… , where larger contact pressure occurs. Under the action of friction, the heat flux increases, induces …”

S.-J. Tsai, VDI, L. C. Chang, C.-H. Huang A study on tooth profile modification of cycloid planetary gear drive with tooth number difference of two S. 997-1010

„… considering friction and bearing roller stiffness. J Adv Mech Des Syst (2017) .11: Vol.11, No.6. [7] Rogers …”

C. Chevrel-Fraux, R. Fargere, J. Bruyere, P. Velex Modelling of high power geared transmissions, introduction of a filling material S. 903-914

„… a stiffness element connected in series to another stiffness element paralleling to a frictional …” „… element (fig. 5). The frictional element is introduce with a Coulomb law. The parameter represents the …” „… frictional element slipping, which corresponds to the kinematic hardening At every time-step, the …”

S. J. Ma, G. Y. Wu, G. Liu Study on the contact characteristics of threaded surfaces in a planetary roller screw mechanism S. 1155-1164

„… analysis [1 through 4], the meshing mechanism and contact position calculation [5 through 7], frictional …” „… [8] Ma, S. J., Liu, G., Tong, R. T. and Fu, X. J.: A frictional heat model of planetary roller screw …”

S. Matkovič, A. Pogačnik, M. Kalin Comparison between VDI 2736 wear calculation and experimentally obtained results S. 1311-1322

„… ) [2], which means that the generated frictional heat is not removed from the teeth efficiently …”

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Dritev 2022

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2401 2022

Results in this title

G. Göppert, M. Adrian AI Approach to Wet Friction Torque Model Adaptation S. 321-334

„… AI Approach to Wet Friction Torque Model Adaptation Georg Göppert, Marcel Adrian, Schaeffler …” „… of a friction system plays a central role for example in P2 hybrids to fulfill seamless shifts or …” „… demonstration of feasibility has two aspects. The one aspect is the technical question, if wet friction torque …”

P. He, A. Eßer, S. Rinderknecht, M. Schmiedt A Degradation Model of a Wet Friction Clutch based on Theoretical and Experimental Analysis and the Application for a Condition Monitoring Method S. 303-320

„… Conclusion and future work The frictional behavior of a wet friction clutch is analyzed based on a physical …” „… A Degradation Model of a Wet Friction Clutch based on Theoretical and Experimental Analysis and the …” „… analyzed the friction vibrations in the clutch. It is well known that the coefficient of friction (CoF …”

M. Hein, S. Prinke, A. Damm, P. Fischer Testing of shift elements – Standardized Methods, State of the Art and Future Challenges S. 73-94

„… friction systems (MPFS) are typical shift elements in the drivetrain of ICE and hybrid vehicles (HEV). Also …” „… Synchronizers and multi-plate friction systems (MPFS) are typical shift elements in the drivetrain of ICE and …” „… function, NVH-behavior or efficiency (i.e. drag torque). Functionality is confirmed by friction …”

T. Skubacz, C. Burkhardt, S. Krischke Proof of Concept: Bistable Shift Element S. 241-252

„… changing the state and low drag and friction losses in both states (open/closed) but also the special …” „… . blocking of the drive motor due to a short circuit). The use of friction elements instead of positive …” „… . to [1, 2]), modular system and sample parts The cone friction clutch (Fig. 3, 4) transmits the torque …”

F. Schuchter, M. Schönstein, K. Bause, A. Albers Temperature Modelling of a Dual Clutch with Artificial Neural Networks S. 335-346

„… temperature are the friction power and the cooling behavior. The frictional power is largely determined by the …” „… with a paper friction lining (see Figure 1). Temperature measurements are conducted with a telemetry …” „… friction factor of the clutch. The friction factor is very variable in the friction pairings that are used …”

H. Spånberg Electric Torque Vectoring Disconnect unit, eTVD S. 253-266

„… , meaning the oil is incorporated within the unit. The friction system consists of sintered brass friction …” „… purpose/application. By optimizing the piston size and number of friction discs, the same torque capacity and disc …” „… by applying pressure generated by the BorgWarner Generation VI actuator, on the friction discs. The …”

J. Gindele, U. Franzmann, L. Herdle, A. Pawlenka The Magna 7HDT400 for BMW’s new 48V hybrid drive family S. 1-12

„… , and supply of the cooling oil for the EM. The roller bearings now have friction-reduced sealing …” „… . Finally, using asymmetrical gearing reduces tooth friction losses. Figure 3 illustrates the asymmetrical …” „… gearing. A larger pressure angle reduces specific sliding. This reduces friction in the tooth mesh and …”

A. Eßer, J. Mölleney, S. Rinderknecht Potentials to reduce the Energy Consumption of Electric Vehicles in Urban Traffic S. 133-152

„… dog clutches without friction surfaces, allowing shifting without interruption of traction force …” „… (I-AMT) or a dual-clutch transmission (DCT). The friction clutch(es) and its periphery are cost-intensive …” „… EMs during shifting and simple, low-cost and energy-efficient dog-clutches without friction surfaces …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-X

„… Model of a Wet Friction Clutch based on Theoretical and Experimental Analysis and the Application for a …” „… Approach to Wet Friction Torque Model Adaptation …”

S. Bümmerstede Flowforming – High-strength complex components including toothing formed from a single sheet of metal S. 197-208

„… close to the center of the preform or circular blank. The combination of pressure and friction causes …” „… is entrained by frictional locking and, in some cases, by positive locking. The spinning rollers grip …”

J. Merckling Use of Power-Dense Fuel-Efficient Tapered Roller Bearings in E-Drives under Low-Viscosity Oil and High-Speed Conditions S. 153-168

„… and conformity of these surfaces, which may reduce the coef-ficient of friction and heat generated …” „… : Pocket wear damage Noise, vibration and harshness (NVH): Due to frictional problems such as severe …”

Z. Liu, V. Stegmayer, S. Rinderknecht, U. Fechter Multiphase CFD investigation of splash lubrication S. 169-184

„… necessary for wear and friction reduction of all machine elements in vehicle transmissions, while the …”

S. Cortès, A. Albers, C Dettmann, P. Boche Chassis Dynamometer – a development environment for calibration and validation of vehicle drivetrains in context of RDE legislation? S. 347-364

„… condi-tions, for example the road slope or actual road friction coefficient, it is not possible to repro-duce …” „… during real driving identically. This includes frictional (Ffric), air (Fcw), acceleration (Facc) and …”

F. Lagier, N. Freund, K. Bause, S. Ott, A. Albers Simulation-based evaluation of high-speed PEEK gears in automotive powertrains and design of a validation environment for high-speed gears S. 223-240

„… sensors into the gear so that the signal is not weakened by the material’s inner friction. Planned …”

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Reifen – Fahrwerk – Fahrbahn

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2425 2023

Results in this title

N. Büteröwe, G. Müller, S. Müller, H. Ulmer, S. Reetz Road-Tire Friction Potential Estimation for Heavy-Duty Vehicles S. 197-208

„… Road-Tire Friction Potential Estimation for Heavy-Duty Vehicles Friction potential estimation …” „… tire-road friction potential estimation. Current automated driver assistance systems are not designed to …” „… take the friction potential into account, leaving the friction potential estimation to the driver [1–3 …”

V. Yordanov, L. Eckstein Supplying Real-Time Data to a Digital Twin of the Road System using Tyres and Chassis as Data Providers S. 133-144

„… friction pair, determined by the data employed for parameter identification. Consequently, the handling …” „… between a low cycle time and sufficient modelling depth for simulating the friction processes in the …” „… means of static and sliding friction coefficients depending on the local pressure and the relative speed …”

T. Ahrenhold, H. Lausch, J. Iatropoulos, R. Henze Fahrsimulatorstudie zur Akzeptanz von reibwertadaptiven Lenkmomentapplikationen eines Steer-by-Wire Lenksystems für das teilautomatisierte Fahren S. 225-238

„… .: Accuracy requirements for the road friction estimation of a friction-adaptive Automatic Emergency Steer …” „… .; Küçükay, F.: Accuracy requirements for the road friction estimation of a friction-adaptive Automatic …” „… .; Iatropoulos, J.; Panzer, A.; Henze R.: Studies on acceptance of a friction-adaptive automatic emergency steer …”

T. Schlögl, R. Nagel, M. Frey, F. Gauterin Schätzung des Fahrbahnzustands mit Hilfe KI-basierter Auswertung von LiDAR-Sensoren S. 27-42

„… . (1997): Slip-based Tire-Road Friction Estimation. Automatica, 6/1997, 1087-1099. [6] Acosta, M., S …” „… . Kanarachos und M. Blundell (2017): Road Friction Virtual Sensing. A Review of Estimation Techniques with …” „… ): Machine Learning Models for Road Surface and Friction Estimation using Front-Camera Images. 2018 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-X

„… Technologie (KIT), Karlsruhe;A. Killik, Mercedes-Benz Group AG, SindelfingenRoad-Tire Friction Potential …”

J. Schütte, W. Sextro Einfluss der Radhubkinematik auf den Reifenverschleiß S. 165-180

„… Correlation Between Rolling Tire Contact Friction Energy and Indoor Tread Wear“, in Tire Sci. Technol., Bd. 30 …” „… , Nr. 2, S. 83–99, Apr. 2002. [9] H. Sakai, „Friction and Wear of Tire Tread Rubber“, Tire Sci. Technol …”

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Commercial Vehicles 2023

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2417 2023

Results in this title

N. Büteröwe, G. Müller, S. Müller, H. Ulmer, S. Reetz Road-Tire Friction Potential Estimation for Heavy-Duty Vehicles S. 217-228

„… Road-Tire Friction Potential Estimation for Heavy-Duty Vehicles Friction potential estimation …” „… aspect of this is the implementation of a tire-road friction potential estimation. Current automated …” „… driver assistance systems are not designed to take the friction potential into account, leaving the …”

T. Kattenberg, D. Rasch Wheel slip control in electric vehicles – Combining the advantages of electric drives and friction brakes S. 229-240

„… Wheel slip control in electric vehicles Combining the advantages of electric drives and friction …” „… launching without noticeable wheel- and drivetrain-oscillations, also in situations with different friction …” „… combining the advantages of the friction brake and the electric drive system the overall vehicle …”

J. Heseding, P. Meyer-Roesler, D. Rasch Virtual Type-IIa – Software product for homologation of commercial vehicle BEV without additional hardware S. 93-104

„… including fallbacks. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2417, 2023 93Motivation Friction brakes of any kind are per design …” „… performed by friction brakes. In case of overheating/fading the brake performance decreases significantly …” „… achievable deceleration of the friction brakes enabling the use of friction brakes inside the Type-IIa …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XII

„… , Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen, Bergisch-GladbachRoad-Tire Friction Potential Estimation for Heavy-Duty Vehicles …” „… advantages of electric drives and friction brakes T. Kattenberg, D. Rasch, ZF Group - Commercial Vehicle …”

F. Domprobst, J.-F. Beaupère Learnings of the 2nd year of CO2 reporting by OEMs S. 153-164

„… percent torque and friction per-cent torque. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2417, 2023160 It is then possible to …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024171

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Schwingungen 2023

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2429 2023

Results in this title

S. Keller, A. Fidlin Thermomechanical Investigation of a Friction Oscillator under High-frequency Excitation S. 171-184

„… the friction-temperature and the friction-velocity slopesinfluence the stability of the equilibrium …” „… publication of Thomsen [1] deals with quenching friction-induced oscillationsusing high-frequency excitation …” „… . Applying the averaging method, friction-induced oscillations and thestabilizing influence of superposed …”

A. Zürbes, V. Moor, B. Wehner, S. Maas Analytische und experimentelle Untersuchung instabiler Schwingungen beim Koordinatenschleifen von Taschenkonturen S. 25-42

„… normal and frictional forces with Coulomb's law of friction. With this assumption, a two-degree of …” „… unstable state in a 90° corner, i.e. that friction-induced self-excited vibrations are to be expected. The …” „… between 0° and 180°. This shows that minimum coefficients of friction exist for the formation of unstable …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-X

„… Technologie, KarlsruheThermomechanical Investigation of a Friction Oscillator under High-frequency Excitation …”

P. Altoé, U. J. Römer, A. Fidlin Rotordynamik in Axialfluss-Reluktanzmaschinen unter dem Einfluss externer Schwingungsanregung S. 155-170

„… ] Hochlenert, D. et al.: Friction Induced Vibrations in Moving Continua and Their Application to Brake Squeal …”

H. Nebeling Optimierung der Dämpfung von Maschinenstrukturen S. 221-234

„… Simulation with Included Damping and Linearized Friction Effects [Buch]. - Amsterdam : Elsevier B. V., 2020 …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024294

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International Conference on Gears 2023

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2422 2023

Results in this title

J. Hongu, S. Hattori, J. Kato, T. Koide Gear friction coefficient estimation using directional parameter under ATF lubricated condition S. 753-762

„… Gear friction coefficient estimation using directional parameter under ATF lubricated condition …” „… adapted to estimate the gear friction coefficient with various finishing processes. However, this new …” „… ) and the obtained experimental friction values are compared with the estimation values obtained from …”

N. Blech, C. Paschold, T. Lohner, T. Tobie, K. Stahl, L. Amar Review of different calculation approaches for the mean coefficient of friction in ISO 6336 S. 191-210

„… Review of different calculation approaches for the mean coefficient of friction in ISO 6336 N …” „… temperatures occurring during operation, knowledge of the friction in the gear mesh is crucial. Currently …” „… , various approaches exist in the literature for calculating the mean coefficient of friction, which weight …”

U. Cihak-Bayr, T. Wopelka, C. Wintersteiger Effect of LOL conditions under high velocity and high injection temperatures S. 763-778

„… been performed on a twin-disc test rig to study the limits of stable friction condition at high …” „… topography, all based on 3D measurements. Experimental and simulation results showed that friction under full …” „… friction level and clearly higher robustness against LOL conditions as compared to the transversally ground …”

J. Vorgerd, P. Tenberge, M. Steinrötter Scuffing load carrying capacity of high-speed gears with an isotropic superfinished surface S. 227-242

„… ] Hertzian contact stress µ [-] Coefficient of friction qav [W/mm²] Frictional heat ers [mm] Meana …” „… be improved by reducing gear friction due to isotropic superfinishing. However, in the state of the …” „… art there is no standard to quantify these potentials in friction and load carrying capacity …”

T. Schmidt, B. Neubauer, D. Merk White Etching Cracks (WECs) on gears of E-Axle applications S. 257-268

„… specific friction energy (ea,kin), high mixed friction conditions, high Hertzian pressure and a critical …” „… to low viscosity in combination with friction modifying additives. Therefore, the Schaeffler derivate …” „… influences on WEC-risk are electric current, the combination mixed friction and high sliding speed, Hertzian …”

M. Yilmaz, M. Ayar, F. Zerulli, K. Humm, J. König, B. Schwarz Gearbox efficiency of eDrives: correlation between measurement and calculation of load-dependent torque losses S. 985-994

„… of friction μmz and the geometric tooth loss factor HV(L)according to formula (3) are necessary. The …” „… mean gear coefficient of friction as tribological influence can be calculated with the friction …” „… gear coefficient of friction μmz according to Schlenk (3). The necessary lubricant factor XL value for …”

I. Gonzalez-Perez, A. Fuentes-Aznar Improvement of the transmission efficiency in electric vehicles by using double staggered helical gears with shortened teeth S. 1083-1090

„… frictional energy. The amount of load-dependent power losses due to friction will be compared in several gear …” „… nodes of the finite element model. A constant friction coefficient is being considered between the …” „… present macro-geometrical modifications that allow power losses due to sliding friction to be reduced …”

R. Beilicke, D. Bartel, L. Bobach Simulation-based optimization of gearing efficiency using thin coatings S. 975-984

„… gear units lead to increased operation of the gear teeth in the mixed friction regime. To counteract …” „… increasing wear, the use of friction- and wear-reducing thin coatings (DLC coatings) can be a possible …” „… more frequently to reduce fluid friction as well as churning and pumping losses. At operating …”

T. König, L. Cadau, L. Steidle, M. Kley, D. Cansu Güney, J. Albrecht, K. Weber A concept for comparison of new and aged lubricants in transmissions of electric vehicles and a method of oil aging on a test rig S. 1195-1206

„… addition, the powertrain of BEVs requires special lubricants, such as to reduce friction and wear in the …” „… corrosion protection are also requirements for such lubricants as well as the coefficient of friction. [6 …” „… analyze the viscosity, coefficient of friction, and aging of the lubricants. In this publication …”

M. J. Herberger, F. Rudolph, B. Sievers Efficient concepts for high ratio angular gearboxes S. 801-814

„… of friction µzm. The equation illustrates, that the gearing geometry or rather the lead angle has a …” „… decisive influence on the gearing efficiency. At constant coefficient of friction the gearing with a …” „… transmit-ted normal force, the occurring sliding speed distribution and the local coefficient of friction are …”

W. Ramdane, C. Changenet, S. S. Ouali, C. Chevrel-Fraux, P. Casanova Thermal model of a planetary gear set using an isothermal approach S. 451-466

„… power losses, associated with gear tooth friction and bearing friction; ii) load independent power …” „… losses, generated by sealing friction, bearing hydrodynamic losses and gear churning. Those power losses …” „… friction dissipation [1]. Concerning load independent power losses, different experimental methods [2][3][4 …”

E. Grabovic, A. Artoni, M. Gabiccini, E. Ciulli Exploration of trade-offs between NVH and efficiency in bevel gear design S. 853-880

„… Minimizing NVH and friction-induced power losses is becoming paramount in the design of geared transmissions …” „… exist in the literature for evaluating friction-induced losses. The primary differences between these …” „… 242.3 Frictional power losses estimation The friction coefficient computed using eq. (1) represents the …”

A. Carvalho, R. Rego, N. Fukumasu, D. Tamayo, F. Nascimento, I. Machado PVD Deposition of Nb-MoS2 Coatings on Gear Carburized Steel S. 1071-1082

„… coatings to mitigate friction-related issues in gear applications. However, further investigation is needed …” „… obtained coatings showed lower coefficient of friction and proper adhesion on carburized SAE 8620 steels …” „… mitigate issues related to friction, wear, and energy losses. Among the various coating materials …”

S. Sklenak, D. Mevissen, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher, B. Lenz, A. Mehner Analysis of Load Cycles and Local Wear of Dry and Solid-Lubricated Gears S. 727-740

„… friction-reducing effect (Fig. 1). In addition to extreme operating conditions, hygiene regulations, such as those …” „… functions of this lubricating film are to reduce friction and to dissipate frictional energy. The liquid …” „… coefficient of friction and thus the frictional force of a solid lubricated rolling contact is a decisive …”

P. Fischmann, A. Hilligardt, V. Schulze Tooth Root Burnishing in the Kinematics of Gear Skiving S. 1829-1844

„… of the contact point when friction is predominant in the direction of movement, the PoI was expanded …” „… inertia force FT which arises during springing in and out. The friction model used is Coulomb friction …” „… with a friction coefficient =0.1 for the lubricated material pairing steel-steel. The friction force FR …”

M. Werner, S. Graf, M. Oehler, O. Koch Investigation of the electrical behavior of a spur gear stage pair by means of impedance measurements S. 67-80

„… contact (e.g. in mixed friction) is established between the contact partners. The following resistance is …” „… tribological states of boundary friction, mixed friction and full lubrication. According to the current state …” „… angle approaches 0 , a purely resistive behavior and thus boundary friction is assumed. The concrete …”

S. Chen, C. Liu, D. Qin Forward Performance-driven Design of Gear Parameters S. 211-226

„… P P P PP (14)The mesh power loss Pmesh is divided into sliding friction power loss and rolling …” „… friction power loss. Based on the gear slicing meshing model, the sliding friction power loss and rolling …” „… friction power loss of each contact unit on each meshing gear tooth can be obtained, then the meshing 21 …”

M. Geitner, S. Preintner, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Simulation Study on the Tribological Characteristics in the Meshing Contact in the Context of the Load Carrying Capacity Calculation of Internal Gears with Unbalanced Sliding Conditions S. 429-450

„… ∙| | ∙.∙𝑋1.2 ∙ 𝑋 . (3)* Here, the mean coefficient of friction 𝜇 is calculated according to Schlenk [21 …” „… Nr. 2422, 20234446. Further Considerations on Calculation of the Coefficient of Friction for Gears …” „… of friction has a corresponding influence on the bulk and flash temperatures in analytical …”

J. Zhang, B. Shaw, A. Hammer, I. Sewell Effects of Surface Engineering on the Efficiency of Involute Helical Gears – An Experimental Investigation S. 995-1016

„… losses are believed to be caused by the windage, churning and friction of the components of a gearbox …” „… additional friction losses of meshing gears and loaded bearings. In this research, only the mesh friction of …” „… further studied the gearbox efficiency and gear mesh friction coefficient. T. T. Petry-Johnson et al [2 …”

S. Matkovič, D. Šeruga, M. Nagode, M. Kalin Prediction of tooth root fatigue failure of polymer gears for dry and oil lubricated contact and its comparison to experimentally obtained results S. 1301-1318

„… their growth. Several authors found a high influence of friction coefficient on fatigue crack and its …” „… obtaining coefficient of friction. The FEM simulation was performed in the commercial FEM software (Abaqus …” „… simulations were performed considering coefficients of friction of 0.28 for dry contact, as measured in [18 …”

A. F. İnceel, B. Özkan, B. Karba, M. Vardar A study on the efficiency prediction of a gear bearing drive by means of mathematical modelling S. 1135-1146

„… gear mesh. 𝜇 1 (13) 𝜇 1 (14) 𝜇 1 (15) (𝜇 : Coefficient of Friction, 𝑁2/𝑁1, 𝑁3/𝑁2 …” „… from the second stage ring. The values of mesh efficiency and viscous friction coefficients inside …” „… order of the friction losses [9].  Churning Loss Model: The Terekhov model for churning losses in …”

B. Devaux, C. Hamon, S. Montani Evaluation of specialty polymer performances in gear applications and the bias between modeling and testing approaches S. 1515-1532

„… at the contact point. Note that for this analysis, a friction coefficient of 0.35 is here used based …” „… be further investigated are the friction coefficient selected in our model, the material law used for …” „… friction coefficient parameters. 4. Sensitivity to gear dimensions after injection molding process …”

J. Cathelin Plastic Gears: Investigation on Noise and NVH Behavior S. 1449-1460

„… coefficient of friction under different load levels, the difference of stiffness and as consequence the …” „… friction on NVH behaviour. Similar gear pairs could be tested without internal lubrication and with an …” „… external grease lubrication to quantify the influence of the coefficient of friction on the noise …”

K. Suzuki, K. Sakai, K. Sakai, T. Hara Considerations on Lubrication of High-Speed Rotating Gear (First Report) S. 741-752

„… friction Low Mechanical friction Low Tooth surface frictionGeometry optimization Gear specificationsLow …”

A. Drechsel, J. Pellkofer, K. Stahl Transferability of the scuffing load capacity of gear oils determined on spur gears to hypoid gears S. 881-896

„… , Reichert-Friction wear scale, Four-Ball-Fig. 1: Scuffing marks at the drive flank of a hypoid gear [4] VDI-Berichte …” „… limit scuffing temperature [10]. Additionally, a friction coefficient is required to determine the limit …” „… scuffing temperature. Depending on the friction coefficient approach, deviations in the limit scuffing …”

J.-A. Meis Parametric system simulation of load sharing in planetary gearboxes S. 269-280

„… with corresponding friction coefficients for the elastohydrodynamic behaviour. The contact between the …” „… plant pins and the carrier is also set up as a nonlinear contact, but the inference fit and the friction …” „… be set up, e.g. if a special friction coefficient or geometrical modification shall be used. An …”

L. Braumann, H. Amri, V. S. Viteri, J. Ochoa LUBGEAR – Experimental Campaign for Aviation Gears in Loss-of- Lubrication S. 1063-1070

„… , coatings, surface finishing and material choice) show great potential to reduce friction and wear, as well …” „… friction conditions the COF was determined by calculating its average over a 10 minute test duration. These …” „… results. [7] In LUBGEAR key aspects of frictional behavior of gears in different operating conditions …”

A. Miltenovic, M. Banic Influence of misalignment of large cylindrical gears on contact pattern in operation S. 1257-1266

„… coupling and less-than-optimal assembly, which leads to increased sliding and friction during engagement …” „… distribution was assessed by transient structural analysis. The value of friction coefficient of µ = 0.02 was …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XXVIII

„… | 15:31:04 | 148 mm x 210 mm Efficiency and frictionGear friction coefficient estimation using directional …” „… , Mechanical Engineering Research Group UNED, Madrid, Spain Efficiency & frictionSimulation-based optimization …” „… , standardizationReview of different calculation approaches for the mean coefficient of friction in ISO 6336 191N. Blech …”

C. M. C. G. Fernandes, J. M. A. Pinto, D. E. P. Gonçalves, A. R. Silva Reduction of root and flank temperature using a hybrid polymer-metal rack S. 1547-1562

„… methods have been explored to improve the wear, friction, and thermal behaviour of polymer gears …” „… mentioned before. Different approaches were tried to improve wear, friction and thermal behaviour. Some of …” „… Nr. 2422, 20231560References [1] K. Mao, W. Li, C. J. J. J. Hooke, and D. Walton, “Friction and wear …”

F. Reinle, D. Mangherini, A. Bongiovanni Enhancing gear performance through advanced mass finishing and DEM simulation S. 1777-1786

„… tangential forces of friction and normal adhesive forces. For the normal force model as overlap between …” „… compressive stress is contingent on relative particle movement and the shear forces generated by friction …” „… large, deriving substantial benefits from the rotational effect. The high frictional energy generated …”

P. E. Schnetzer, J. Pellkofer, K. Stahl Calculation method for wear of steel-bronze rolling-sliding contacts relating to worm gears S. 907-926

„… investigations in literature. Oehler et al. [6] investigate the friction of steel-bronze contacts on a twin-disk …” „… rest rig under boundary and mixed lubrication to analyze the local coefficient of friction of a worm …” „… friction and wear processes exist in the literature. The currently available calculation methods usually …”

A. I. Aydeniz Modelling and Analysis of the Effect of Root Modification on Load Sharing and Stress Values on Spur Gears S. 1039-1062

„… pitch errors of tooth pair,  Damping factors and tooth contact friction. After the construction of the …” „… (19b) VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 20231050In Equation 19 (a-b), is the angle of friction (Figure 10) that …” „… , 9]. Fig. 10: The effect of tooth contact friction 2.5. Adding the “off line of” action effect to the …”

B.-R. Höhn, Y. Zhang, M. Geitner, M. Otto Efficiency-improvement with low-loss-gears by two different application S. 13-18

„… configuration and not valid for all applications. It can be seen that the friction coefficient is low for the …” „… ). For the losses in all gear-meshes a coefficient of friction 0,3 is estimated. Fig.18 show the result …”

B. van Wissen, L. Pastukhov, F. Mitsuzuka, K. Iwanaga, A. Hasanovic NVH performance of thermoplastic gears: modelling and measuring S. 1389-1402

„… . This polyamide-based grade has, due to its unique composition, excellent wear and friction properties …” „… were performed at an ambient temperature of 23°C. Due to friction however the local teeth temperature …”

F. Mieth, D. Tazir Local load capacity analysis for the design of a balanced flank modification for cylindrical gears according to bevel gear procedures S. 927-944

„… friction and film thickness, and geometry coefficients like sliding speeds. In addition, the local load …” „… single load cycle. It appears as vertical scratches which cause friction and martensite on the surface …” „… . Micro pitting is fatigue damage on the surface caused by mixed friction. It results in material removal …”

F. Concli, M. N. Mastrone Latest advancements in the lubrication simulations of geared systems: a technology ready for industrial applications S. 499-518

„… load-dependent power losses, i.e. the one related to friction and proportional to the transmitted load. Those …” „… . [3] S.-w. Zhang, Green tribology: Fundamentals and future development, Friction, vol. 1, pp. 186 194 …” „… . Mann and C. H. Marston, Friction drag on bladed disks in housings as a function of reynolds number …”

L. Becker, P. Tenberge Crossed helical gears – simulative studies and experimental results on non-involute geometries S. 1499-1514

„… properties, the friction coefficient zm was assumed to be constant and comparable to similar materials …” „… . Accordingly, the efficiency results as a geometric quantity. A changing friction coefficient for a …”

B. Černe, N. Vukašinović, D. Zorko In-situ experimental methods for measuring tooth meshing displacements and wear during polymer gear tests using a high-speed camera with microscopy optics S. 1563-1580

„… friction [26,27] µ [/] 0.2 Module m [mm] 1 Gear ratio i [/] 1 Number of teeth z1,2 [/] 20 20 Face width b …” „… laminated carbon fibre-reinforced polymer gears with implicit model for coefficient-of-friction evaluation …”

B.-S. Kim, D. Im, J.-H. Park, W.-J. Chung, Y.-J. Park Development of Optimal Design Program for Macro-Geometry of Planetary Gear Set using Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm S. 1181-1194

„… mesh friction loss was calculated as follows through the method defined in AGMA 6123 [10]. 𝑃 𝑃 𝑃 𝑁 …”

E. Virtanen, M. Kanerva, G. Szanti Fatigue testing of large sized bevel gears S. 897-906

„… friction in the contact and the soft bronze wearing out instead of the steel part of the shaft – this …”

A. Wallinger, R. Vonderschmidt, S. Vonderschmidt Lubricant Free Transmissions for the food industry – A Comparison S. 715-726

„… ; no friction, contactless. Solid lubricants and additives contained in the plastic allow dry running …”

O. Harris, C. Poyser, R. Patel, O. Shires Developing CAE solutions for Robotics gears: Cycloidal and Strain Wave Gear Drives S. 1111-1124

„… friction and bearing roller stiffness,” Journal of Advanced Mechanical Design, Systems, and Manufacturing …” „… the disc and output pins were frictionless with normal Lagrange contact formulation to ensure minimal …”

C. Herzog, D. Drummer Influence of the injection molding process on the tooth deflection of plastic gears during operation S. 1435-1448

„… operational behavior of the gear set, influences of progressing wear and rising temperatures due to friction …”

M. Vivet, A. Rezayat, J. Verhoogen, K. Kucukcoskun, S. Donders Numerical analysis of bevel gear transmission acoustic emission using a 3D gear contact force model within a multibody system dynamics simulation environment S. 689-702

„… damping gear contact force, and a Coulomb-based friction force [7].Accurate geometry. A set of procedures …”

D. Zorko, N. Vukašinović, B. Černe The effect of gear manufacturing quality on the mechanical and thermal state of a plastic gear S. 1319-1332

„… resistance and friction) is crucial for the development of highly optimized gears. Therefore a huge amount of …”

M. Willecke, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher Experimental Investigation of the load carrying capacity of beveloid gears with optimized flank topography S. 125-138

„… friction losses within the system during operation, an electric motor is employed, ensuring a constant …”

M. Fürst, S. Sepp, D. Schweigert, M. Otto, K. Stahl Experimental Investigation of Moving Contact Pattern in Helical Planetary Gearboxes S. 569-582

„… ). With this procedure, the influence of tooth friction forces on the deformation can be assessed. The …”

M. Rothemund, M. Otto, K. Stahl Applicability of classic analytical calculation approaches for the design of plastic gears S. 1483-1498

„… temperature Fla °C Flank temperature characteristic µ - Coefficient of friction *aP0 - Tip radius coefficient …”

P. Romio Spur Gear Teeth Reconstruction via Direct Laser Deposition S. 1641-1664

„… diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), microhardness tester, and friction and wear tester …”

I. Hong, D. Talbot Tooth Bending Strain Rate Analysis in a Counter Shaft Drivetrain and Implications on Fatigue Strength S. 53-66

„… properties of case carburized SAE/AISI 8620 steel. Frictional losses are assumed to be negligible (input …”

C. Karampatzakis, A. Mihailidis, A. Mantzaflaris, C. Provatidis Contact simulation of tooth flanks using Isogeometric Analysis S. 413-428

„… for frictionless contact. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 200, (2011), pp …”

B. Morhard, T. Lohner, K. Stahl Influence of Surface and Material Technologies on Loss of Lubrication Performance of Gears S. 779-784

„… frictional and damage behavior of gears operating under loss of lubrication is strongly VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422 …”

G. Vasileiou, C. Vakouftsis, C. Kalligeros, V. Spitas, C. Papalexis, A. Tsolakis, P. Zalimidis Continuous prestressed reinforcement of plastic gear teeth and its effect on bending strength vs conventional reinforcement S. 1375-1388

„… . 2422, 20231380contact pairs and the non-free boundary is considered to have non-frictional sliding …”

S. Ebrahimi, U. Kissling, C. S. Matkovič Evaluation of the NVH Characteristics of Gear Drives with Plastic Gears by the Forced Response Analysis S. 1403-1418

„… frictional heat and constraining the motion amplitudes can be modeled. The accuracy of the natural …”

N. Missal, S. Schwertel, M. Ludwig The next level of axial forming for a sustainable component and process chain design S. 1765-1776

„… and significant surface enlargement can be completely avoided. The frictional forces can thereby be …” „… the forming zone, only the frictional forces between the die and the component exist, which cause the …”

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Reifen – Fahrwerk – Fahrbahn

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2356 2019

Results in this title

C. Carrillo Vasquez Investigation of the Effects of Road Texture on Friction Behavior for Passenger Car Tyre Rubber Compounds to Enhance Friction Characteristics on Tyre Model Simulations S. 151-168

„… Properties Linear Friction Test Rig Friction Map ‐ 5 Vertical Loads & 5 Sliding Speeds …” „… Investigation of the Effects of Road Texture on Friction Behavior for Passenger Car Tyre Rubber …” „… Compounds to Enhance Friction Characteristics on Tyre Model Simulations Untersuchung der Auswirkungen …”

K. Singh, F. Petry, P. Alipour, D. Khadraoui Application of Machine Learning & Deep Learning Techniques in the Context of Use Cases Relevant for the Tire Industry S. 241-268

„… be immune to such problems. Tire slip angle (α) and the tire-road friction coefficient (μ) are …” „… Application Enabled Vehicle Sideslip Estimation Tire-Road Friction Estimation Data Type Time series …” „… between the tire and the road. The importance of road- friction estimation is reflected by the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-VIII

„… Texture on Friction Behavior for Passenger Car Tyre Rubber Compounds to Enhance Friction Characteristics …”

B. Oelze, U. Steinhagen, S. Dachner, B. Wies Quantifizierung von Einflussfaktoren auf Menge des Reifenabrieb – Quantification of influencing factors on tire wear volume S. 89-110

„… die Entwicklung einer Standardtestmethode für Reifenabrieb aufgezeigt. Abstract Friction between …” „… tire and road surface is an essential safety asset in our daily life. A side effect of this friction …” „… . Motivation Friction between tire and road surface is an essential safety asset in our daily life. A side …”

W. Jarisa, R. Henze, F. Küçükay, F. Schneider, J. Denzler, B. Hartmann Fusionskonzept zur Reibwertschätzung auf Basis von Wetter- und Fahrbahnzustandsinformationen S. 169-190

„… , S.Woxneryd, and B. Wälivaara: Road Friction Estimation IVSS Roject Report. Technical Report, IVSS, 2007 …” „… , Düsseldorf, 2015 [HJ17] R. Henze, W. Jarisa: Potentials of Friction Adaptive AEB Systems. In: FAST-zero ´17 …”

H. Niemann, H. Winner, C. Asbach, H. Kaminsk, M. Zessinger Untersuchung des Partikelemissionsverhaltens von Scheibenbremsen unter transienten Lasten S. 111-132

„… Friction Interfaces. EuroBrake 2019, Dresden [4] Gramstat, S.: Methoden der in-situ Visualisierung der …”

C. Cramer, B. Wies Objektive Bewertung querdynamischer Reifeneigenschaften bei Limithandlingfahrten – Anwendung eines Objektivierungsansatzes bei Fahrversuchen auf Fahrbahnoberflächen mit verschiedenen Kraftschlussbeiwe... S. 191-216

„… axle cornering stiffness and lateral friction coefficient on front- and rear axle of the vehicle …”

R. Uil, F. Petry, M. Bäcker, A. Gallrein, F. Calabrese Virtual tire pre-development using the CDTire model suite – A feasibility study using the CDTire model suite paving the road towards virtual tire development S. 217-240

„… inner friction behavior. The tread is modelled by a brush-type contact formulation, allowing for local …”

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Dritev – Drivetrain For Vehicles 2018

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2328 2018

Results in this title

T. Nishikawa, Tomoo Kubo The development of a low friction and low viscosity final drive oil S. I-347-I-356

„… The Development of a Low friction and Low viscosity Final Drive Oil Tadashi Nishikawa, Tomoo …” „… development of a new F/D gear oil that could contribute to all friction factors (Fig.1) even if the F/D is …” „… F/D friction reduction (Fig.2). The target for the new oil was to reduce friction losses further by …”

A. Dietrich, H. Klampfl “Friction Stir Welding” – Lightweight through manufacturing technology – The path from a concept to revolutionary gearbox manufacturing S. I-385-I-396

„… : https://www.twi-global.com/capabilities/joining-technologies/frictionwelding/friction-stir-welding, side called on 14.03.2018 [2], [3]: DIN EN ISO 25239-1 Rührreibschweißen – Aluminium – Teil 1 …” „… . “Friction Stir Welding” – Lightweight through manufacturing technology The path from a concept to …” „… reduction in axle drive is the implementation of Friction Stir Welding technology. This special …”

M. Mileti, H. Pflaum, K. Stahl TorqueLINE cone clutch: Thermo-mechanical stability of cone clutches for ATs S. I-357-I-368

„… however a perceptible reduction in shifting comfort. To unite the advantages of a multiple disc friction …” „… disc clutch has been chosen to generate the synchronizing friction torque, reducing the friction …” „… experimentally proved at HOERBIGER and FZG and can be found in [8]. However, as the friction surface of a clutch …”

M. Behzad, V. Saxena, M. Schaefer Thermal-hydrodynamic optimization of grooves in a wet clutch S. I-101-I-118

„… in terms of friction characteristic which is the key for torque response and controllability as well …” „… cut into friction linings that are bonded to the friction plate (FRP), (b) a separator plate (SP) and …” „… discrepancy in overall clutch performance, such as torque loss and friction characteristics between PA and …”

D. Evenschor, D, Dennin, P. Tenberge Automated design concept generation of automatic transmissions – Design concept generation based on results of transmission synthesis S. I-181-I-196

„… executed for five cases / boundary conditions and an increasing number of friction surfaces: 1. Static …” „… torque load 2. Dynamic torque load 3. Friction energy (single shift event) 4. Friction power (single …” „… shift event) 5. Circumferential velocity (friction disk) Each case / boundary condition leads to …”

T. Smejkal, C. Wirth Innovative transmission topologies using the example of a P2-hybridtransmission for front-transverse applications S. I-147-I-162

„… the relative speed of the friction partners and establishing a frictional connection between the …” „… nesting conventional elements or replacing friction discs by compact dog clutches. Furthermore, an often …” „… planetary gear sets. For changing the gear stage of the transmission, one friction element is opened while …”

B. Arnold, B. Lecointre Shift simulator for shift feel and quality development of manual transmissions S. I-425-I-440

„… as lever lengths and angles where taken from CAD, ball joint compliance, friction and end-stop …” „… 1D to represent their inertia and friction (depending on load and velocity). Cables bushings are …” „… . 2328, 2018 433 slot profile and ball size, preload and stiffness, while friction was identified from …”

M. Roßhuber, G. Schromm, K. Kranz The new BMW automatic transmission – Challenges in development S. I-11-I-22

„… reduced friction losses at the same time. More sportiness and driving pleasure with less fuel consumption …” „… shorter slip and overlapping phases significantly reduce friction during the shifting process …” „… . VDI-Berichte Nr. 2328, 201816 Fig. 3: Reduced friction losses (upshift) In addition, the temperature …”

C. Sibla, A. Donges, F. Jauch Third Generation of ZF’s 8-speed automatic transmission – Reducing CO2 emissions in the 8HP transmission S. I-23-I-32

„… friction-related losses (see shaded area before and after optimization) and, on the other hand, it reduced the …” „… dog clutch, a friction clutch without a paper lining was looked at. This shift element represents a …” „… in Fig. 5 and have considerably reduced the drag losses due to the reduced friction surfaces. When …”

B. Chamberlin, E. Gold HEV P2 module concepts for different transmission architectures clutch and e-motor options S. I-441-I-450

„… a conventional wet friction clutch. In addition to this packaging advantage, the OWC also reduces …” „… mechanism If the efficiency of a wet friction clutch shall be further improved, the integration of a …” „… lowered to 0. Although this mechanism can be combined in any friction clutch (and is not limited to a …”

R. Savelsberg, P. Griefnow, G. Birmes, A. Sehr Advanced powertrain functions of 48 V hybrid vehicles – Efficient powertrains does not exclude driving pleasure S. I-499-I-516

„… gas recirculation, water injection, but also continuous friction reduction and a variable compression …” „… along with it and the friction torque of the combustion engine would have to be permanently overcome …” „… vehicle continues to roll without any noticeable friction torque of the drive. The combustion engine …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-I-I-X

„… friction and low viscosity final drive oil � � � � � � � 347 T. Nishikawa, Tomoo Kubo, Nissan …” „… Transmission manufacturing “Friction Stir Welding” – Lightweight through manufacturing technology – The path …”

G. Bednarek, K. Geratz, H. Chariou The all-new 8-speed AT for the Opel Grandland X S. I-1-I-10

„… developed super low viscosity oil together with improved gear surface finishing and improved friction …” „… %. Optimized low drag friction plates with new material and a new segment design and allocation contribute 13 …” „… Pump reduced drive torque (-39% gear diam.) -8% 3) Optimized Friction Plate Design low drag & opt …”

M. Bahne, U. Frey, G. Schlager Transmission technology contribution to CO2 roadmap – a benchmark S. I-285-I-304

„… ), the engine technology (mapping, combustion technology, friction losses, thermal management …” „… are primarily to be found in friction of gear wheels and bearings, and in lubrication. Depending on …” „… friction locking of the push belt or link chain (CVT). However, while the mechanical and hydraulic …”

J. van der Meer, G. Hangen, J. Uhlig The new plug-in hybrid module as an addition to the AUDI S tronic gearbox family – Design, layout and manufacture S. I-451-I-464

„… -way corrugation while the friction linings feature a multi-segmented and milled waffle slot. In this …” „… of the electric drive motor. Apart from dissipating the friction energy in the disengagement clutch …” „… rotor package with frictional engagement around the external diameter and transfers the sum of torque …”

D. Engelmann, S. Herr Validierung neuer Funktionen eines mechanischen Antriebsstrangs für mobile Arbeitsmaschinen mit radindividueller Steuerung S. III-81-III-82

„… , varying parameters such as vehicle speed, coefficient of friction and trailer mass. The simulation …”

A. Schmidt, H.-P. Fleischmann Enhancement of a dual clutch transmission kit – AUDI S tronic – Version for All-Wheel Drive, Increase of Torque and HV Electrification S. I-33-I-48

„… additional friction surfaces. An additional stabilizing measure was the optimization of the dual clutch …” „… of robustness also contributes to good friction coefficient behavior repeatability and thus also …”

W. Guo, M. Jordan, X. Xu The application of fast and efficient clutch coordination control in a P2 hybrid automatic transmission S. I-465-I-484

„… driving. Hence C4 is strengthened to be the sliding-friction clutch which could also be used as a …” „… engaging clutch, the target of the fill phase is to quickly eliminate the clearance between friction discs …” „… not only shorten the shift time and improve the response, but also reduce the friction energy …”

J.-M. Veith, B. Krüger, A. Albers, M. Behrendt Torque prediction in vehicle drive trains based on bus signals using artificial neural networks S. I-413-I-424

„… their friction coefficient, damping behaviour, (rotational) mass and stiffness. All attributes directly …”

D. Bauer, M. Alexander Loss-optimized design of a high performance electrical machine for electric and hybrid cars S. II-183-II-196

„… in an electrical machine Friction losses will be neglected within this paper. VDI-Berichte Nr …”

Y. Endo Development of new torque converter lockup control for new generation of infiniti QX50 S. I-79-I-94

„… durability of related parts, including heat generation and wear of the lockup clutch friction material …”

A. Viehmann, R. König, S. Rinderknecht Investigation of gear shifts in a parallel-series hybrid powertrain with dog clutches in a demonstrator vehicle (two-drive-transmission with range-extender, DE-REX) S. I-323-I-346

„… separation clutch C0. This carry-over friction clutch dispenses with launch capabilities and therefore …” „… instead of friction clutches. In Table 1 some important evaluation criteria from literature are listed …” „… 22) are form-locking tooth clutches without frictional elements like synchronizer rings. Toothed …”

R. Stehr, A. Götz, M. Ciesek, S. Köpfler, M. Finsterbusch, R. Willeke Future Schaeffler CVT concepts with an innovative actuation system S. I-49-I-64

„… inductance, the mass moment of inertia, and friction maps into account. This allows to precisely examine …”

J.-E. Moseberg, J. Kohlhoff, S. Hekeler Electric all-wheel drive: enhancing vehicle dynamics and driving safety by wheel-individual torque distribution – How to make use of the over-actuation of electrified vehicles S. II-103-II-116

„… limit which depends on the wheel load and the friction between tire and ground. The wheel torque …”

D. Güth, J. Haupt, T. Gassmann Seamless-shift two-speed eAxle with torque vectoring S. I-255-I-268

„… combination of a friction clutch and a lockable freewheel enables the eTwinsterX to provide seamless up- and …”

M. Hein, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Holistic approach for fatigue life design of vehicle transmissions S. I-131-I-146

„… increased dynamics / noise. Additionally, friction martensite of high hardness is formed on the surface and …”

L. Dedeleit, M. Ayeb, L. Brabetz Short circuit calculation of permanent magnet synchronous machines with comsol multiphysics S. II-197-III-VII

„… constant friction of 7 Nm is assumed here. This results in the speed dependent torque curve. Fig. 6 …”

W. van Harselaar, M. Brouwer, T. Hofman A generic transmission model for hybrid electric drives – Integration of the dynamic behavior of all conventional-, electric-, and hybrid-transmission mode types in a single model S. I-163-I-180

„… distinction is made between a friction clutch and a dog clutch. A clutch pair represents a pair of two …”

M. Werra, A. Ringleb, C. Sieg, F. Küçükay Thermal behavior of 48 V hybrid systems S. I-529-II-VI

„… Vehicle parameters Vehicle mass m kg 1530 cD*A - 0.64 Friction force Ffric N 40 Battery capacity C …” „… directly connected to the gearbox module. This launch element can be a frictional clutch, a torque …”

K. Bennewitz, A. Mann Powertrain electrification exemplified by the VW Golf S. II-135-II-168

„… ). Electric motor and transmission share the same shaft bearing to minimize friction losses. Oil supply is …”

M. Hofstetter, D. Lechleitner, M. Hirz, M. Gintzel, A. Schmidhofer Multi-objective gearbox design optimization for xEV-axle drives under consideration of package restrictions S. I-239-I-254

„… bearing loads, which in turn leads to high frictional losses in the bearings. This exemplary conflict …”

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Kupplungen und Kupplungssysteme in Antrieben 2021

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2382 2021

Results in this title

V. Föge, S. Blaschke New semi-dry friction solution for highly integrated active torque-controlled drives S. 103-114

„… New semi-dry friction solution for highly integrated active torque-controlled drives Volker …” „… to reconcile these drastic actions towards efficiency enhancement with constant friction performance …” „… development process from raw materials to the final application within the Miba Friction Division. 1 …”

G. Göppert Adaptation of a Wet Clutch Torque Model in Electrified Drivelines S. 333-XIII

„… , setting and especially aging effects of friction partners lead to changes in the torque transfer function …” „… on the simple relation T = m μ r F, comprising the number of friction elements m, friction …” „… constant, the other quantities might change with usage. The effective number m of friction elements is …”

D. Groetsch, K. Voelkel, H. Pflaum, K. Stahl Echtzeit-Temperaturberechnung und Temperaturprädiktion nasslaufender Lamellenkupplungen S. 115-128

„… clutches is the temperature on the friction interface. Owing to the thin, rotating geometry of the plates …” „… temperature-dependent friction behavior is assumed. The model is validated on a test rig and in a vehicle transmission …” „… strategy. In addition, they show a strong temperature-dependent friction behavior. The model shows a very …”

M. Hoić, B. Škugor, A. Miklik, J. Deur, A. Tissot Experimental characterization and modeling of dry clutch wear with emphasis on fading effect S. 265-278

„… friction [2]. While typically associated with manual transmissions (MT), automated dry clutches have also …” „… features of friction material: the coefficient of friction (COF) [9, 10] and wear [11]; both of which are …” „… even above 450 C̊ [18] depending on friction material and on the clutch operation scenario [19], and …”

K. Völkel, H. Pflaum, K. Stahl Einlaufverhalten nasslaufender Lamellenkupplungen im Schlupfbetrieb S. 59-72

„… start of operation in which the friction behavior can change significantly by adjusting the friction …” „… surfaces. This running-in behavior can strongly depend on the characteristics of the friction system …” „… consisting of friction material, steel plate and fluid. With the aim of good controllability and thus high …”

T. Schneider, K. Völkel, H. Pflaum, K. Stahl Einfluss von Vorschädigung auf das Reibungsverhalten nasslaufender Lamellenkupplungen im Dauerschaltbetrieb S. 73-90

„… Dauerschaltbetrieb Influence of Pre-damage on the Friction Behaviour of Wet-running Multi-plate Clutches in an …” „… [1] Anderson, A. E. u. Knapp, R. A.: Hot spotting in automotive friction systems. Wear 135 (1990) 2 …” „… of Friction Material and Quantitative Analysis for Hot Spot Phenomenon in Wet Clutch System. SAE …”

J. Seiter, C. Acker, T. Cassiani, A. Grossmann, T. Kubicek, S. Morel NVH-optimization for drivetrains of commercial vehicles with a newly slipping absorber S. 181-194

„… to main- and PTO-drivetrain inertia and angular acceleration. A friction between absorber mass and …” „… connection element between absorber mass and drivetrain. The torque limiter is a package of friction and …” „… rings, two steel friction control plates, which are form-locked with the hub and a friction retainer …”

S. Chen, K. Bause, C. Mandel, A. Albers, K. Erdmann Modellierung und Bewertungsansatz für das tribologische Systemverhalten zur Vorhersage der Schaltqualität der Kegelkupplung in elektrifizierten Antriebssträngen S. 145-158

„… on the influence of speed and energy on temperatures and coefficients of friction on the friction …” „… modellierten Beziehungen zu „synchronizer ring“ und „friction cone of clutch body“ erklärt (vgl. Abbildung 3 …” „… friction system in synchronization for E-powertrain. 22. International Colloquium Tribology. 2020, 271-272 …”

T. Klotz, K. Bause, S. Ott, A. Albers Gezielte Variation des Beanspruchungskollektivs zur Verbesserung des Einlaufverhaltens im Trockenlauf S. 279-290

„… .: Coupling between friction physical mechanisms and transient thermal phenomena involved in pad–disc contact …” „… .: Fundamental studies on the brake friction of resinbased friction materials. Wear 23 (1973) 3, S. 349–365 [12 …”

R. Fehrenbacher, K. Bause, S. Ott, A. Albers Aufbau eines Vorgehensmodells zur Analyse von Haft-Gleit-Übergängen trockenlaufender Friktionspaarungen S. 291-304

„… fundamental importance for the functional performance of dry-running clutches and brakes. The static friction …” „… without any friction partners' relative movement. Understanding the adhesion-sliding transition is the …” „… collectives based on different friction pairings. The measures provide information about the tribology system …”

T. Skubacz, C. Burkhardt, S. Krischke Innovative Schaltelemente für elektrische und hybride Antriebsstränge S. 223-234

„… efficiency for holding and changing the state and low drag and friction losses in both states (open/closed …” „… to be reduced. The use of friction elements instead of positive engagement connections also enables …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-X

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 S. Steinmetz, C. Denda, Schaeffler Automotive Bühl GmbH & Co. KG, Bühl New semi-dry friction …”

R. Fehrenbacher, K. Bause, S. Ott, A. Albers Vorkonditionierung trockenlaufender Reibpaarungen für eine stabile Reibfunktion im Feld S. 173-180

„… dynamometer testing of automotive friction materials, Artikel. Wear 103. Detroit 1985 [3] Albers, A., Ott, S …”

H. Gürbüz, K. Bause, S. Ott, A. Albers Testmethodik zur Verbesserung der Kupplungsdynamik und Reduzierung der Schleppverluste in nasslaufenden Lamellenkupplungen durch Getriebefedern S. 43-58

„… springs contribute to the parallel closing of all friction pairs and prevent torque shocks. The presented …” „… . Jörgen Schulz. 2011. Separating springs for active separation of the friction plates in wet clutch …”

J. Selzam, M. Fister, C. Spieker Weiterentwicklung des Konzepts einer schnell schaltenden Kupplung im Hinblick auf die technische Anwendung S. 159-172

„… von Simulationsergebnissen aufgezeigt. Abstract The losses that occur within a friction clutch …”

R. Leister, J. Kriegseis, B. Frohnapfel, D. Gatti, A. F. Najafi Analytical modeling and dimensionless characteristics of open wet clutches in consideration of gravity S. 129-144

„… frictional force is shifted to another equilibrium due to the presence of grooves. The analytical solutions …” „… frictional resistance of enclosed rotating disks. In: Journal of Basic Engineering 82(1), 217-230 (1960 …” „… .: Laminar flow in the gap between two rotating parallel frictional plates in hydroviscous drive. In …”

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Ventiltrieb und Zylinderkopf 2017

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2291 2017

Results in this title

J. van, M. Meuwissen, T. Besseling, M. Broda, B. Pearce, B. Atzberger Ruiten, Lowering Friction in Timing Chain Drive Systems by Tuning Tensioner Materials S. 127-128

„… Lowering Friction in Timing Chain Drive Systems by Tuning Tensioner Materials Jippe van Ruiten …” „… paper addresses the friction losses in the valve train chain drive system where about half of the …” „… been made to reduce these friction losses by optimizing the chain link profile, the geometry of the …”

T. Fink, F. Zimmermann Innovative Kettentriebsysteme für die Automobilindustrie S. 107-126

„… Friction Loss 36 41 46 51 56 61 Fo rc e in [N ] Engine speed [rpm] Measurement of frictional force on …” „… another key aspect of development work. Furthermore, possibilities for reducing friction losses in order …” „… (Material und Form) beeinflusst werden. Distribution of Friction Shares Joint friction 45-50% Chain-Rail …”

M. Breuer, G. Bartsch, R. Friedfeldt, U. Heiter, U. Kramer, M. Lauterbach, T. Schorn, S. Siebrandt 3- Cylinder SI Engine with fully variable Valve Train – UpValve on Intake and Exhaust Side S. 27-44

„… engine load and peak pressures while minimizing the friction drawbacks. Change to CNG Direct …” „… shut off up to full lift [8]. The system is based on a low-friction roller finger follower (RFF) with …” „… is revealed with Fig.10(b). At maximum lift, the friction is somewhat higher compared to a standard …”

D. Spaltmann, M. Woydt Reibungsminderung in Wälzkontakten durch Werkstoffund/oder Schmierstoffkonzepte S. 261-272

„… Friction in Slip-Rolling Contacts via Material and/or Lubricant Concepts Dr. Dirk Spaltmann, Ph.D …” „… , the friction and wear reduction potential of DLC-coatings on state-of-theart steel substrates will be …” „… Köhler, N.: Zero Wear and Low Friction under Dry Sliding. Proc. 3rd European Symp. on Friction, Wear and …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-IX

„… , Lowering Friction in Timing Chain Drive Systems by 127 M. Meuwissen, Tuning Tensioner Materials T …”

F. Himsel, W. Christgen, V. Schmidt Trends im Ventiltrieb – Variabilitäten für zukünftige Ottound Dieselanwendungen S. 7-26

„… features for lowest possible packaging • Lowest feasible friction Referring to Figure 3, the current …” „… circle and consequently allowing for a low friction roller-bearing only cam contact • Design …” „… the roller on the secondary lever. This resulted in a disadvantageous friction situation for the main …”

A. Boucke, J. Lang, G. Knoll, M. Y. Ali, T. Sanders, M. Ejakov Untersuchung der Auswirkung von Einbauabweichungen von Ventiltriebskomponenten auf Ventilführung und Sitz mittels numerischer Simulation S. 159-172

„… friction power density) für die Ventilführung für die Basisfälle und die Variante 3 mit beiden …” „… . VDI-Berichte Nr. 2291, 2017 171 Literatur [1] Calabretta, M., Cacciatore, D. & Carden, P., „Valvetrain Friction …” „… ., „Reduction of Friction Losses in Journal Bearings of Valve Train Shaft by Application of Running-in Profile …”

C. Zielinski, C. Ebenhöh, H. Elendt, A. Grötsch Ventiltriebtechnologien für die Herausforderung Motorrad – Besonderheiten im Vergleich zu Automobilmotoren S. 45-58

„… the use of friction-reducing components as well as increase the complexity of the system. Taking into …”

R. Janak, J. Baltrucki Next Generation of Valve Train Technology for Engine Braking and More S. 223-240

„… reduce engine friction resulting in low retarding power without a downshift. Mass reduction increases …”

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International Conference on Gears 2017

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2294 2017

Results in this title

T. Saito, K. Miyamoto Traction drive analysis identified with rheological friction property of traction fluid S. 1185-1190

„… Traction drive analysis identified with rheological friction property of traction fluid Toshihiro …” „… Saito, Honda R&D Co.,Ltd.,Japan; Koji Miyamoto, ITO CORP.,Japan Abstract The rheological friction …” „… being downsized in order to reduce friction. In the area of transmissions, there are calls for wider …”

L. Geng, N. Mimi, L. Lan, Z. Ying, W. Liyan Mesh stiffness of cylindrical gear including tooth surface – Friction based on FEA method S. 807-814

„… 14 de fo rm at io n/ μm T/mesh cycle frictionless gear frictionless pinion Coulomb friction gear …” „… m .m m ) T/mesh cycle frictionless and oilless oilless and Coulomb friction oil and Coulomb …” „… and oilless, 10000N frictionless and oilless, 20000N oil and Coulomb friction, 10000N oil and …”

R. Nemoto, E. Tamura, N. Seyama, E. Tanaka Friction loss and surface durability of WN gears – A Comparison with involute gears S. 1133-1138

„… Friction Loss and Surface Durability of WN Gears A Comparison with Involute Gears Prof. R …” „… measurement of friction loss, two torque-meters of magneto-striction type were installed. And then, the …” „… friction loss of the gears was measured by monitoring the input torque and output torque of gearing. In …”

M. Ophey, F. Klocke, C. Löpenhaus Approach for modeling grinding worm wear S. 1365-1378

„… friction and wear on the system elements and thus leads to changes in the surface, loss of material and …” „… , Energy Dissipation (Wear and Friction) Wear Characteristics Intermediate Medium (Cooling Lubricant …” „… quantities are then converted into energy, substance or signal variables and as a result friction and wear …”

M. Oehler, B. Magyar, B. Sauer A new standardizable calculation method to predict the efficiency of worm gear drives S. 363-372

„… and the mean tooth friction coefficients, as well as the gearing and overall efficiency of the …” „… gearbox under test. The average gear friction coefficient can also be used to check the transmission for …” „… tooth friction coefficients and the overall efficiency of worm drives operating in the mixed friction …”

A. Miltenović, M. Banić, Ž. Mišković, R. Mitrović, V. Miltenović Prediction of heat generation in transmission bearings by application of FEM S. 1199-1208

„… elements were defined as the frictional contact, with the friction coefficient value of 0.08. The contacts …” „… heat generation within rolling bearing: by friction between the rolling bodies and raceways, due to …” „… hydraulic resistance of lubricants, friction between the rolling bodies and cage, friction between the cage …”

T. Jurkschat, T. Lohner, K. Stahl Improved calculation method for load-dependent gear losses S. 893-904

„… distributions and (ii) a mean coefficient of friction derived from empirical equations based on spur gears …” „… coefficient of friction µmz has been enhanced by regression analyses. A comparison of the improved calculation …” „… coefficient of friction according to the state of the art are mainly based on empirical data derived from …”

E. Maier, A. Ziegltrum, T. Lohner, K. Stahl Characterization of TEHL contacts of thermoplastic gears S. 1483-1496

„… , low coefficients of friction, noise damping behavior and demonstrate low-cost manufacturing by …” „… steel TEHL contacts, the focus is on friction, film thickness and heat management. Results show that …” „… high local surface conformity leads to low hydrodynamic pressures and thus very low friction. 1 …”

A. Lohrengel, M. Heß Thrust cone bearings provide increased efficiency for helical gear units at moderate speed levels – Indications for possible energy saving potential in an expanded field of application S. 231-242

„… bearable loads under mixed friction conditions for various thrust cone design configurations are …” „… , it is a crucial condition, that the friction losses in the thrust cone bearing are lower than the …” „… reduction of losses in the bearings of the housing. Since the friction coefficient under full film …”

X. Gou, L. Zhu, C. Qi Modelling of a gear-rotor system considered tooth contact temperature and its dynamic characteristics S. 1177-1184

„… friction, the backlash, the comprehensive transmission error and so on are considered. The flash …” „… friction. Mao[4] described a detailed analysis of the flash temperature of polymer composite gears and the …” „… flash temperature is due to the heat of conversing with the energy which consumed by the friction …”

J. Thomas, C. Wirth Determination and improvement of bevel gear efficiency by means of loaded TCA S. 707-718

„… component causes friction force Fr. Frictional force Fr is always opposed to the sliding direction. The …” „… forces acting on the flanks. Due to occurring friction in any considered contact point any sliding …” „… friction force Fr1 orientated tangential to flank and points towards the centre of pinion. Of course …”

J. Cathelin, R. Janssen Material data for advanced plastic gear simulation S. 1553-1564

„… distance correction Friction coefficient [-] Gear temperature Wear coefficient [mm3/N.m] Flank wear …” „… , the influence of the sliding friction force modifying the contact force orientation is not present …” „… rig. (c.) Influence of the wear on fatigue S-N curve shape Wear, friction and noise Wear and …”

G. Hlebanja, S. Kulovec, D. Zorko, J. Hlebanja, J. Duhovnik Influence of the tooth flank shape on thermal load of the gear S. 1583-1592

„… power along the path of contact, work of friction and deriving flash temperatures along the path of …” „… plastic gears due to their thermal sensitivity. Heat is generated by friction at the contacting surfaces …” „… . Work of friction depends on the flank load, the friction coefficient and on the sliding path length of …”

L. Gondecki, M. Weibring, P. Tenberge Simulation and test method for the lubricant’s influence on the wear and fatigue mechanisms on tooth flanks S. 29-40

„… grinded so that the surface characteristic is dominated by the grinding grooves. Under mixed friction …” „… friction inside the lubrication gap. In this contribution a calculation procedure for the fatigue and wear …” „… contacting surfaces under mixed friction conditions. The relative lubrication film thickness sets the …”

F. Yang, W. Bi Efficiency evaluation of multi-speed transmission S. 1101-1108

„… Kozma [5] built models for oil churning loss and considered the tooth- and bearing friction losses in …” „… gearboxes can be decomposed into two types: load dependent and load independent. Gear mesh friction and …” „… bearing friction loss are load dependent power losses which can be calculated according to the reference …”

Y. Cai, L. Yao, Z. Xie, J. Zhang, C. Peng Influence analysis of system parameters on characteristics of the nutation drive with double circular arc spiral bevel gears S. 435-446

„… nutation transmission devices [1-3]. Elu et al. presented a nutation friction traction transmission …” „… and friction coefficient on transmission efficiency. 2.1 Transmission ratio, pitch angle and …” „… design parameters including nutation angle , spiral angle β, cone distance R, and friction coefficient μ …”

K. Mao, V. Goodship, N. Madhav, R. Ramakrishnan, P. Langlois Experimental Investigations of Polymer Composite Gear Performance S. 1625-1636

„… , nylon and PEEK) to understand the gears’ contact, friction, wear and fracture behaviour. Two …” „… fractures. The fractures seen are related to the tooth friction and wear form. Excessive wear of the tooth …” „… al [8] monitored a nylon 6/6 gear body temperature using an infrared camera, reporting friction as …”

M. Daffner, M. Otto, K. Stahl Elastic deformation of a hypoid gearbox – Measurements on a static test rig to validate the calculated elastic deformation behavior S. 683-694

„… of compensating friction effects to get high-quality measurement results is successfully met by the …” „… . 500 Nm) was measured two times (loading and unloading). The friction force in the tooth contact of the …” „… static test rig can be described by the following characteristics. - The direction of the friction force …”

Y. Shen, S. Rinderknecht, M. Hoppert General modelling method of power losses in transmission with parameter identification S. 905-916

„… the friction related mechanical power losses in gear meshing [3][7]-[9]. And the cause of is that …” „… coefficient of friction and the tooth normal force , shown in Equation (2). | | ∙ ∙ (2) Through tooth …” „… . Modelling of the friction coefficient is complex, because it is affected by the tribology factors like …”

P. Kauffmann, P. Schäflein, V. Heuer PM technology for the future powertrain S. 1289-1298

„… necessary to reduce the friction while pressing and during ejection of the compact. The powder is filled in …” „… Coefficient of friction µm at the mesh is influences the surface roughness Ra and power loss during mesh is …” „… power [W] and HV is dimensionless tooth loss factor. Hence for a rolled gear losses due to friction at …”

K. Togai, N. Fujinaga A reduced order internal combustion engine model for transmission development S. 1191-1198

„… speed range. Output torque approximated with fuel mass in a cycle and friction as the following section …” „… torque, A: torque conversion coefficient, fi: fuel mass injected in a cycle, Tl : friction torque of an …” „… friction torque of an ICE is depending on engine speed. However, that may be considered constant for …”

B. Zhmud, J. Blomkvist, M. Fallström An advanced thermal processing & coating process for enhancing gear tribology S. 1451-1462

„… parts during the quenching step. This allows further reduction in friction and wear, better resistance …” „… parts. 2. Experimental Friction, wear and scuffing load measurements were carried out using discs …” „… . 2294, 20171456 3.2 Tribological performance (i) Reciprocating friction and wear test. 100Cr6 steel …”

L. J. Stocco, R. Gloeckner Smashing the efficiency barrier – A practical comparison of planetary and orbitless gear-heads S. 319-330

„… off-the-shelf Planetary gear-head, friction losses are reduced by up to 59% and total input power is reduced by …” „… friction losses associated with the motor PM and gear-head PG, as shown in equation (8). (7) (8 …” „… Table 1. Motor friction losses PM are computed in equation (9) where CM is the manufacturer-specified …”

C. Peng, C. Li, B. Chen Development of a test rig for transmission performances of precision planetary reducer S. 1127-1132

„… stiffness, hysteresis and friction effects of harmonic drives in robot joint with the IRIS Facility. Wang[3 …” „… ] revealed the influence of the measurement accuracy with friction effect during the torsional stiffness …” „… .: An Experimental Study of Nonlinear Stiffness, Hysteresis, and Friction Effects in Robot Joints with …”

J. J. Liou, S. Rakuff The development of worm drives S. 503-516

„… ; therefore, the load capacity for worm drives is relatively limited and friction greatly affects the …” „… in much lower friction forces that cannot be found in other metal combinations. It also results in …” „… entraining action and mostly sliding contact, most of worm drives have far more friction in the gear mesh …”

P. Wang, M. Yang, Y. Guan, Z. Yang, Q. Li Global synthesis of speed increasing spiral bevel and hypoid gears S. 433-434

„… speed increasing and reducing cases are: (a) the direction of friction reverses and (b) the approach …”

C. Brecher, C. Löpenhaus, R. Greschert Influence of the grinding process on the formation of boundary layers on gears S. 1427-1438

„… economical design of gears. 1. Introduction Gear transmissions are usually run under mixed friction, i.e …” „… normal section, since that direction resembles the direction of the friction forces induced by the …” „… tooth flanks from solid-state contacts and therefore influence friction and wear. The characteristics of …”

Foreword S. 1-4

„… for power train components offer favorable properties such as low friction, dry-running capabilities …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XXVII

„… stiffness of cylindrical gear including tooth 807 N. Mimi, surface – Friction based on FEA method L. Lan …” „… planetary reducer B. Chen R. Nemoto, Friction loss and surface durability of WN gears – 1133 E. Tamura, A …” „… dynamic characteristics C. Qi T. Saito, Traction drive analysis identified with rheological friction 1185 …”

S. Stoyanov, V. Dobrev, A. Dobreva Investigating dynamic behavior of planetary gear trains through the systematic approach S. 197-208

„… damping, defined as is an energy dissipation which is proportional to velocity, i.e. viscous friction. The …” „… associated with friction. Fig. 4: Mechanical model of a planetary train Fig. 5: Meshing of a …” „… models, the “hard” contact type is chosen. The viscous friction is taken into account trough the …”

C. Brecher, C. Löpenhaus, F. Goergen, D. Mevissen Crack propagation analysis of pitting damages of high-strength material systems in gear applications S. 281-292

„… or rather the friction force referred to the damaged surface [3], Fig. 1. Fig. 1: Introduction and …” „… observations in literature, pointing in direction of the friction force FR. In the lower region of the pitting …” „… the surface is due to the influence of friction. In the principal shear stresses τI/II case, it can be …”

D. Liang, B. Chen, R. Tan, C. Li Tooth profiles design and stress analysis of double helical gear transmissions with geometric elements constructed tooth pairs S. 411-420

„… surface and it is Targe170. Sliding friction coefficient is 0.08 due to well lubricant condition between …” „… contact stress from friction. Based on an extended Lagrange algorithm, the whole analysis process is …”

H. Hansson, H. Alm, A. Eng, M. Olsson Beveloid gears in planetary gear trains for increased Grundström, power density and reduced backlash Stensson, S. 579-590

„… . Friction is assumed to be μ=0.05 in the gear contacts. The simulated load distribution between the planets …” „… many factors e.g stiffness in gear contacts and bearings, clearance in bearings, friction, speed etc …”

G. Eitzinger Adaptive coatings on gears for NVH improvement S. 1439-1450

„… . Nevertheless, it may increase weight, friction and costs. An efficient method to precisely adjust clearances …” „… reduce NVH but may increase weight, friction and costs. Precisely coated gears mounted with nearly …”

M. Kalin, A. Kupec Wear and Fatigue Behaviour of Polymer Gears under Controlled Temperature Conditions S. 1637-1648

„… the temperature with an increasing gear-pair coefficient of friction, torque (load) and speed, and …” „… temperature due to the different friction and hysteresis deformation losses. However, as shown in this work …” „… sensitive to frictional heating; therefore, during the tribological testing, besides the load and velocity …”

P. Norgauer, W. Sigmund, D. Kadach, K. Stahl Comprehensive simulation methods for crossed helical gear sets with the main focus on the calculation of contact patterns S. 353-362

„… stress, thickness of the lubricating film or coefficient of friction. 1. Introduction Crossed helical …” „… or the local coefficient of friction, could be integrated into the calculation program. Furthermore …”

M. Kanters, B. van Wissen, R. Nickel Relevant tribological testing method for high performance plastic gears S. 1507-1518

„… sliding wear. To study specific tribological properties, wear and friction measurements are performed on …” „… friction behavior in relevant plasticplastic material pairs. This showed that the ranking of different …” „… conventional methods, such as a thrust-washer setup, since the influence of the frictional heat generated will …”

S. T. Ping, Y. M. Shao, L. M. Wang, H. W. Li, J. Xu, Y. Cheng, J. Liu The influence of mesh misalignment on planetary gear set with time-varying mesh stiffness S. 219-230

„… affected by misalignment, torque, and friction [8]. In most of studies, mesh misalignment is only …” „… Gear-Coupling Contact and Loads Considering Misalignment, Torque, and Friction Influences. Mechanism & Machine …”

D. Krüger, E. Leidich, I. Römhild, R. Heß, H. Linke Geometry, pitting and tooth root capacity of asymmetric gears S. 751-768

„… stress, the coefficient of friction, the direction and magnitude of sliding speed as well as the effect …” „… loaded at the highest point of single tooth contact and the friction is neglected. The maximum of the …”

F. Concli, C. Gorla Numerical modeling of the churning power losses of gears: an innovative 3D computational tool suitable for planetary gearbox simulation S. 881-892

„… . This is fundamental to reduce the friction coefficient as well as to prevent damaging like wear and …” „… , Friction Drag on Bladed Disks in Housings as a Function of Reynolds Number, Axial and Radial Clearance …” „… document [1] Daily, J., and Nece, R., 1960, Chamber Dimension Effects of Induced Flow and Frictional …”

T. Frech, C. Löpenhaus, F. Klocke Influence of the contact conditions in cold rolling on the density profile of powder metallurgical (PM) gears S. 1265-1276

„… stress states on the material deformation [4, 5, 6]. Since friction does not influence the normal …” „… material flow, friction is not considered in the FE model [3]. The numerically and experimentally obtained …”

N. Sagraloff, M. Hein, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Practical use of micropitting test results according to FVA 54/7 for calculation of micropitting load capacity acc. to ISO/TR 15144-1 S. 143-152

„… micropitting. In areas of sliding the lubricant film thickness usually is smaller than in rolling friction …” „… - Fundamentals. 17th International Colloquium Tribology Solving Friction and Wear Problems, TAE Esslingen (2010 …”

A. Şorea, F. Buus Bendixen Reluctance magnetic gear – Magnetic gears, no longer toothless S. 615-622

„… friction which greatly reduces losses, however there is iron losses mainly in the flux carriers. All in …”

J. Yu, L. Yao, C. Ren, X. Yan, L. Lin Design and experimental validation on a novel tow speed transmission for electric bus S. 97-108

„… desired dynamic performance and efficiency for the EV, this paper presents a novel seamless dry-friction …”

R. Meissner, M. Liewald, T. Benkert, M. Hiller, W. Volk Multi-component gearwheels and their manufacturing processes S. 1299-1306

„… contact describes the tangential behavior using a friction value of 0.1. There are two boundary …”

B. Černe, D. Zorko, J. Duhovnik Semi-analytical method for the prediction of the flank temperatures of polymer gears during running S. 1611-1624

„… , can be defined as , (4) Where μ is the coefficient of friction, which we will presume as constant …” „… Increased temperatures due to frictional heat generation play a major role in the behaviour and life …” „… [1], [2]. In most studies of frictional contact systems it is presumed that nearly all of the sliding …”

L. Zhao, R. C. Frazer, B. A. Shaw The influence of overlap ratio on transmission error in parallel axis gears S. 939-952

„… for Minimum Transmission Error, Mesh Friction Losses and Scuffing Risk through Computer-Aided …”

E. Rigaud, P.-H. Cornuault, B. Bazin, E. Grandais-Menant Prediction of the vibroacoustic response of an electric window-lift gear motor S. 635-648

„… magnetic field generated by the ferrites. There is no friction and no iron loss due to the hysteresis of …”

C. Güntner, T. Tobie, K. Stahl “Alternative” microstructures and their influence on mechanical properties of case-hardened gears S. 399-410

„… the whole face width can be assumed. The test gear was friction-locked between both jaws, therefore …”

S.-J. Tsai, L.-C. Chang, C.-H. Huang Design of cycloid planetary gear drives with tooth number difference of two – a comparative study on contact characteristics and load analysis S. 61-74

„… , 3] and also the complete tooth contact considering the bearing stiffness and the friction [8]. The …”

A. Kubo Change of gear steel quality as function of globalization – Back ground of the development for high speed automatic hardness tester S. 41-50

„… frictional force due to slipping tooth flank contact or they were born during the gear operation by strong …” „… frictional heating. This shows those hard particles in the matrix of high strength gear steel carry much …”

C. Zhang, H. Liu, C. W. Yao, Y. Li Study of vibration for spur gears of tooth profile modification and experimental validation of modification method S. 527-538

„… . Lundvall,N. Strombcrg and A. Klarbfing. A Flexible Multi-Body Approach for Frictional Contact in Spur Gears …”

J. Langhart, I. Zotos, G. Franzoso Casing stiffness variations and influence on the gear meshing properties S. 1161-1168

„… ‘frictionless’, which allows sliding but no movement in compression or rising direction. Hence, no lifting of …” „… ‘frictionless’ to ‘compression only’. This definition allows the lifting of the casing, what is required for …”

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Reifen – Fahrwerk – Fahrbahn

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2398 2022

Results in this title

V. Yordanov, L. Eckstein Continuous Estimation of the Local Friction Value Potential based on Tyre Acoustic Data S. 83-96

„… Continuous Estimation of the Local Friction Value Potential based on Tyre Acoustic Data Ventseslav …” „… systems, at any driving situation, is the accurate and continuous monitoring of the local fric-tion value …” „… hand, from a data evaluation point of view, mainly the resulting effects from the complex friction pair …”

J. Alexander Heidelberger, M. Wangenheim, K. Wiese, B. Wies, C. Bederna Realistic lab test pattern studies of rotated tread block samples measuring longitudinal and lateral forces on different road surfaces (dry, wet, snow and ice) S. 157-174

„… . This test rig allows to mimic the friction process of a tire tread block running through a footprint …” „… friction is calculated. The measurement results and videos on the one hand help to understand the …” „… influence of an inclination angle of a tread block sample on the friction process and show the different …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-VIII

„… ReifenentwicklungContinuous Estimation of the Local Friction Value Potential based on Tyre Acoustic Data . . . . .83V …”

B. Schick, M. Böhle, P. Pfeffer, M. Niegl, S. Vorderobermeier Use of driving simulators in chassis development – applications and potentials S. 175-190

„… Criteria’s  boost curve  active damping  center finding  active return  friction compen-sation  inertia …”

J. Buschmeier, B. Oelze Einfluss von Reifengröße und Fahrzeuggewicht auf Abriebrate und Laufleistung von PKW- Reifen S. 1-14

„… heavier vehicles in combination with larger tire sizes lead to more tire weight loss. The total frictional …” „… larger sizes. Here, the higher total frictional energy due to higher load can be compensated with higher …”

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