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Kupplungs- und Bremssysteme für mobile und stationäre Anwendungen

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2414 2023

Results in this title

P. Strobl, T. Schneider, K. Voelkel, K. Stahl Influence of the Steel Plate on the Friction Behavior of Automotive Wet Disk Clutches S. 21-48

„… topographyReconditioning Measurement of friction behaviorMeasurement of creep behaviorVDI-Berichte Nr. 2414, 202332first …” „… Influence of the Steel Plate on the Friction Behavior of Automotive Wet Disk Clutches M.Sc. P …” „… ), Garching b. München Abstract Friction behavior is the key parameter for the design of automotive wet disk …”

I. Minas, N. Morris, S. Theodossiades, M. O’Mahony, J. Voveris A Methodology to Study Automotive Brake and Dry Clutch NVH S. 155-168

„… behavior in friction disc systems such as brake and clutch systems has been presented. A case study …” „… ) issues. The development of physics-based transient dynamic models, of friction disc powertrain …” „… is to investigate friction disc oscillatory response throughout the engagement process, link the …”

A. Sutschet, K. Bause, A. Bischofberger, S. Ott Feinstaubemissionen trockenlaufender Friktionssysteme in Fahrzeugen S. 3-18

„… information for the existing friction behavior in the friction contact. The method is intended to provide …” „… friction behavior. For this purpose, the authors extend the (clutch and) brake test rig of IPEK - Institute …” „… the wear particles, knowledge can also be gained about friction processes in the friction system. In …”

L. Pointner-Gabriel, K. Voelkel, H. Pflaum, K Stahl A Methodology for Data-driven Modeling and Prediction of the Drag Losses of Wet Clutches S. 125-154

„… the material properties of the friction lining affect the drag loss behavior [12, 21]. The …” „… measurement are evaluated to quantify the drag loss behavior. The characteristic values serve as target values …” „… non-time-consuming estimation. 1.1 Drag loss behavior The drag loss behavior of wet clutches has been frequently …”

S. Altenburg, F. Schuchter, K. Bause, A. Albers Nutzung von KI-Methoden für die Kupplungsentwicklung in automobilen Antriebssträngen S. 199-216

„… neural networks, a friction coefficient model and a temperature model of a clutch with high accuracy are …” „… friction ma-terials by means of artificial neural networks. Wear 262(7-8):778–790. https://doi.org/10.1016 …” „… abnormal tribological regimes using a microphone and semi-supervised machine-learning algo-rithm. Friction …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-X

„… , Österreich TribologieInfluence of the Steel Plate on the Friction Behavior of Automotive Wet Disk Clutches …”

M. Baese, A. Lebel Analyse der Einflussparameter auf Performance und Lebensdauer von nasslaufenden Fahrzeugkupplungen S. 49-66

„… influencing the tribological process and their degree of influence on friction level and friction behavior …” „… der Reibungszahl „CoF“ (Coefficient of Friction) als Maß für das Reibungsniveau. Während der …”

J. Neumeyer, H. Baumgartl, M. Hanke Auslegung einer Wirbelstrombremse mittels numerischer Simulation S. 169-184

„… systems operating on the principle of mechanical friction continue to be used for the most part for …” „… addition to the field simulation, the entire behavior can also be observed in a system simu-lation. For …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024140

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International Conference on Gears 2022

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2389 2022

Results in this title

A. Baumann, B. Bertsche Coefficient of friction behavior of gear oils and significance for the meshing process of spur gears S. 745-762

„… Coefficient of friction behavior of gear oils and significance for the meshing process of spur …” „… used to determine the coefficient of friction behavior of gear oils. This allows the coefficient of …” „… elastohydrodynamic fluid friction at high speeds. The investigations show that the coefficient of friction behavior …”

D. Mevissen, L. Uhlmann, U. Kupper, J. Brimmers, T. Bergs Analysis of friction of bowl-shaped surface structures resulting from alternative gear manufacturing processes S. 1371-1382

„… characterized by bowl-shaped cups which may lead to an optimized running behavior in terms of friction or load …” „… influence on the running behavior in terms of friction, wear and contact fatigue [7; 10]. The friction in …” „… behavior with respect to friction results for bowl-shaped structures compared to polished surfaces [9 …”

S. Sklenak, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher Analysis of local wear within the dry lubricated rolling- sliding contact of coated surfaces S. 305-316

„… investigate and characterize dry rolling contacts is tested. The friction force behavior is characterized in a …” „… in different phases of the test run, the influence on the characteristic friction force behavior is …” „… ]. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2389, 2022 309 Fig. 4: Specimens, coating and topography measurement Friction Behavior under …”

W. Kassem, M. Oehler, B. Sauer, S. Schmidt, J. Hausmann Investigation of the time-dependent behavior of plastic gears with local tribological simulation S. 1281-1294

„… Investigation of the time-dependent behavior of plastic gears with local tribological simulation …” „… tribological simulation, which includes local calculation of coefficient of friction, temperature and wear. 1 …” „… stress-strain behavior is nonlinear, strongly temperature-dependent, and influenced by other factors such as …”

P. Rodel, R. Spieler, M. Indenbirken, T. Nuisl Holistic friction optimization of transmissions – a significant contribution for sustainability S. 731-744

„… Holistic friction optimization of transmissions A significant contribution for sustainability …” „… are faced with new challenges. The topic friction optimization gains higher importance during …” „… development. For this purpose, a deeper understanding of the complete system and its operating behavior is …”

S. Matkovič, M. Kalin Effect of tribological properties on tooth root fatigue failure of polymer gears S. 1257-1268

„… behavior. In addition, a predictive model for the friction along the meshing line on the gear flank based …” „… specific Wöhler curves and tribological behavior, so the calculation of the gear’s lifetime is uncertain …” „… . The friction and wear, and the tribofilms, in the polymer-metal contacts are influenced by various …”

A. Miltenovic, M. Banic Investigation of the meshing friction heat generation of worm gears and influence of the contact shape S. 803-810

„… Investigation of the meshing friction heat generation of worm gears and influence of the contact …” „… Niš, Serbia Abstract Two interesting research topics for worm gears are friction losses and scuffing …” „… worm gears is complicated, and it is leads to a high friction between contact surfaces. High friction …”

C. M. Illenberger, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Operating behavior and performance of oil-lubricated plastic gears S. 1117-1132

„… friction behavior of oil-lubricated PEEK disks in a steel-plastic pairing in a two-disk test rig and …” „… (2014). [11] Reitschuster, S.; Maier, E.; Lohner, T.; Stahl, K.: Friction and Temperature Behavior of …” „… Operating behavior and performance of oil-lubricated plastic gears C. M. Illenberger, M.Sc …”

K. Stahl, T. Tobie, C. M. Illenberger Standardized methods of load capacity calculation of plastic gears S. 1173-1180

„… behavior is required both during production and in subsequent opera-tion. For this purpose, it is necessary …” „… standardization started later. Among the first investigations on the thermal behavior of plastic gears is the work …” „… operating behavior of polyamide gears and the resulting gear strength. As a result of their research they …”

B. Zhmud, M. Bengtsson, L. Everlid Improving the tribological and nhv behavior of gears by mechanochemical surface finishing S. 1365-1370

„… Improving the Tribological and NHV Behavior of Gears by Mechanochemical Surface Finishing The …” „… gears are expected to reveal improved scuffing resistance, reduced friction and wear, and lower noise …” „… levels. Thus, the reduced friction shear is translated into improved power transmission efficiency …”

M. Zalfen, J. Lovenich, O. Malinowski, C. Brecher, J. Brimmers, S. Neus, S. Stark, D. Kruger Test rig concept for high power VHCF gear testing S. 485-498

„… , 20224862 State of the Art In the following the material behavior and the occurrence of tooth root breakages …” „… , the behavior of bending orbital test specimens in the range of high number of load cycles can also be …” „… continuous operation, a good shock resistance and a vibration damping behavior. However, a high-power loss …”

K. Yanagisawa, A. Weinmann Weight and cost reduction potentials with high performance polymers for gears S. 1019-1032

„… friction was requested here, too. Finally, the materials of choice show a working combination of unfilled …” „… processing behavior to achieve a light, compact and modular design of the shown coolant control valve here …” „… significant. Compared to PA46, GENESTAR™ is offering smaller backlash, leading to a better NVH be-havior (due …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XXVIII

„… . Nuißl, Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG, Herzogenaurach, GermanyCoefficient of friction behavior of …” „… University of Munich, Garching, GermanyInfluences on the Excitation Behavior of Lightweight Planetary …” „… University, Higashi-hiroshima, Japan f FrictionMinimum friction losses in wind turbine gearboxes …”

A. Gebhard, W. Kassem, M. Oehler Cylinder-on-ring model wear tests as an input data source for the simulation of friction and wear of plastic gears S. 1133-1148

„… Cylinder-on-ring model wear tests as an input data source for the simulation of friction and wear …” „… , friction, wear and wear track temperature of PA46/GF30 rings sliding against 16MnCr5 cylinders were …” „… measured in dry and lubricated friction over a wide range of pressures and sliding velocities as well as at …”

S. Oberle, V. Labriola, E. Melnikov, G. Gariglio High performance plastic gear solution in the engine environment S. 1033-1044

„… ones allowed relevant improvements in terms of NVH behavior, friction, weight / inertia and cost …” „… good damping, low friction and wear behavior while achieving good tooting quality grades. On the other …” „… considered, but rather the behavior of the material during the applied loading conditions. A material with …”

K. Stahl Foreword S. 1-2

„… contributions to the conference discuss additional possibilities, for example by reducing friction losses. Other …” „… subjects of the conference are the NVH-behavior and gear dynamics of geared transmissions. Furthermore …” „… , measures to reduce excitation behavior are developed and analyzed from different perspectives in numerous …”

P. Roth, M. Hein, K. Stahl Scuffing load capacity calculation of worm gears S. 811-824

„… local coefficient of friction ? ?,? , the local Hertzian contact stress ? ?,? and the local sliding …” „… coefficients of friction are calculated iteratively depending on the local contact temperature and with a mixed …” „… friction approach according to [24]. 3.2 Solution of the model The numerical model then considers following …”

J. Koenig, D. Kehle, K.-P. Heinzle Investigation of the failure mechanisms of plastic materials with and without fiber reinforcement S. 1269-1280

„… the damage behavior. For a reliable application of plastic gears, the knowledge of these different …” „… behavior of the investigated materials is considered. 1. Introduction The importance of plastics as a gear …” „… that, in the case of oil-lubricated gearings, friction-reducing additives such as PTFE and graphite …”

S. Vonderschmidt, A. Ott, A. Vonderschmidt High speed machining with magnetically geared driven tools on rotatory milling machines S. 1415-1428

„… high fatigue strength. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2389, 2022 14152 Magnetic Transmissions The kinematic behavior …” „… conventional planetary gears. These advantages are mainly due to the lack of friction. - No lubricant: Because …” „… there are no active components in contact, there is no friction and no need for lubricants. - High …”

B. van Wissen, M. Kanters, F. Mitsuzuka, K. Iwanaga, M. Meuwissen, A. Hasanovic Predicting static and fatigue performance of fiber reinforced plastic gears S. 1083-1098

„… analysis, including the local fiber orientation in combination with the intrinsic material behavior, is …” „… composition, excellent wear and friction properties and retains its mechanical properties for a long period of …” „… material behavior.  An approach to predict root fatigue failure, including its temperature dependence …”

N. Tros, J. Brimmers, T. Bergs Approach for multiscale modeling the thermomechanical tool load in gear hobbing S. 1489-1502

„… interpretation of the wear behavior, uncut chip geometries such as the maximum uncut chip thickness are often …” „… and rake face temperatures are obtained from the simulation based on the work-piece material behavior …” „… / - ? / - 281 521 20 1500 0.22 1.3 0.017 0.001 The thermomechanical workpiece material behavior was described …”

S. Reitschuster, C. M. Illenberger, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Application of high performance polymer gears in light urban electric vehicle powertrains S. 1181-1196

„… friction behavior positively. Thus, experimental studies in [9, 10] have shown that very low coefficients …” „… of friction in the range of superlubricity are technically possible in the lubricated polymer contact …” „… increased efficiency due to very low coefficient of friction in the area of superlubricity under specific …”

X. Zheng, Y. Hu FE analysis and predication on the traveling wave – resonance of aero-gears S. 915-926

„… , 122(3):109-122. [4] Kahraman A, Blankenship G. W. Experiments on nonlinear dynamic behavior of an oscillator …” „… Behavior and Optimum Design Parameters for round Damping Rings. ASME, 1975, 75-DET-4. [11] Buyucataman …” „… model for hysteretic friction damping of travelingwave vibration in axisymmetric structures. J. Vib …”

F. Reinle, D. Mangherini, E. Morgano, A. Bongiovanni Combining improved gear efficiency and improved fatigue performance through mass finishing S. 609-620

„… match the stress generated in the root of the DEMO-gear are used. The consistent fatigue behavior is …” „… for its high relevance regarding friction. Due to the high impact of surface gradients which the …” „… proportion can be increased and friction can be reduced. However, Rdq or Sdq are parameters where the …”

J. J. Zhang, Prof. Y. M. Hu, X. X Luan, Z. S. Zhang Research on the effectiveness of roelands formula with constant VPC in EHL of higher pair contact S. 119-132

„… , which has a non-negligible effect on the characteristic parameters such as film thickness, friction …” „… friction shear heating was considered in this work on the basis of Spikes et al. [8] & Reddyhoff et al. [9 …” „… behavior, resulting in the reduction of the central film thickness difference among the four VPCs …”

D. Zorko, Z. Bergant, B. Černe Potential of woven carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite gears S. 1071-1082

„… generated heat is predominantly a consequence of the sliding friction effect during gear meshing. Based on a …” „… function of the coefficient of friction (COF), the sliding speed and contact pressure. Here, the COF was …” „… , Tribological behaviors of plasma-treated carbon composite grooved surfaces, Composite Structures. 92 (2010 …”

A. Eric, D. Olveda, T. Froschmeier, V. Schulze Local pitting fatigue concept with EHL simulation for case hardened gears in electrical drives S. 133-144

„… foundation for many subsequent approaches. Later, Li et al. [4] developed a sophisticated mixed friction EHL …” „… based on existing approaches and includes a mixed-friction EHL contact model as well as a new procedure …” „… dynamic behavior of the components. In the second step, it is necessary to choose a critical 2D section …”

A. Pogačnik, U. Kissling The future of plastic gear standardization S. 1149-1160

„… the behavior of polymers at high number of cycles, usually based on the knowledge they have on fatigue …” „… coefficient of friction). However, as research has shown, there can be a significant difference in measured …”

B. Legrady, M. Taesch, G. Tschirschnitz, C. F. Mieth Prediction of churning losses in an industrial gear box with spiral bevel gears using the smoothed particle hydrodynamic method S. 651-664

„… is required to decrease friction between the contacting gears and to absorb the dissipated heat from …” „… coefficient. For a rotational speed of 600 RPM, the oil fully covers the wheel. This behavior could only be …” „… the rear and front tip of the pinion shortly after the meshing zone. This behavior is stable. Oil …”

L. Hildebrand, F. Dangl, M. Sedlmair, T. Lohner, K. Stahl CFD analysis on the oil flow of a gear stage with guide plate S. 677-694

„… ] performed extensive experimental investigations on the loss behavior of spur gears. Based on his results, a …” „… the no-load gear loss behavior, both in a time-dependent manner and depending on the circumferential …” „… . In terms of dip lubricated gearboxes, investigations on the oil flow and no-load gear loss behavior …”

K. J. Winkler, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Influence of grinding zones on the tooth root bending strength of case carburized cylindrical gears S. 287-304

„… the original residual stress state in the tooth root area).  Shot peened gears show a behavior …” „… friction-locked between both jaws, therefore an underload is needed, which was always lower than 10 % of the test …” „… ).  Shot peened gears show a behavior similar to that of shot blasted gears with reductions of the tooth …”

T. Arndt, J. Klose, M. Gerstenmeyer, V. Schulze Tool wear development in gear skiving process of quenched and tempered internal gears S. 1331-1344

„… process. This characteristic behavior of the different cooling lubrication strategies in relation …” „… in the orthogonal cut, should be carried out to understand the complex interrelations of the friction …”

D. Drummer, D. Schubert, C. Herzog In situ measurement of geometric and structural influences on the operating properties of polymer gears S. 1099-1116

„… . Künkel and G. Ehrenstein, “Effects of morphology on the tribological behavior of thermoplastics in …” „… efficiency and friction of plastic cylindrical gears. Part 2: Influence of tooth geometry,“ Proceedings of …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023891

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Dritev – Drivetrain For Vehicles 2019

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2354 2019

Results in this title

U. Stockinger, H. Pflaum, K. Stahl Single vs. multi-cone synchronizers with carbon friction lining – A comparison of load limits and deterioration behavior S. I-455-I-470

„… ; TK73, LS9, V150, MTF-Car The friction behavior is evaluated using the following specific values …” „… Single vs. Multi-Cone Synchronizers with Carbon Friction Lining – A Comparison of Load Limits and …” „… Deterioration Behavior Einfach- vs. Mehrfachkonus-Synchronisierungen mit Carbon-Reibbelag – Ein Vergleich …”

H. Göbbels, S. Scholz, S. Volkmer Efficient 6-speed manual transmission for modern downspeeding solutions S. I-411-I-426

„… ) behavior in line with today's expectations. 1. Introduction As a result of their high installation …” „… to optimize friction at bearings and seals. In addition, the performance specification required an …” „… : Transmission case design Increasing efficiency with lower-friction main bearing points and a new seal design …”

H. Gürbüz, S. Ott, A. Albers Potentials for improving the system behaviour of highspeed clutches for BEV using optimal transmission springs S. I-265-I-278

„… positively influence the system behavior of the highspeed clutch and maximize efficiency. The use of …” „… stable position of the friction and steel discs and prevent high drag losses in the open state of the …” „… “Highspeed Clutch” Miba develops and manufactures the friction pairs and sliding coatings required for …”

S. Johnsen, R. Wexenberger Mechatronic transmission control module for agile AMT Transmission actuation in commercial vehicles S. III-75-III-84

„… rearmost VDI-Berichte Nr. 2354, 2019 77 4 position. The locking element, embodied as a friction …” „… strength polymer and is used in its as-cast state. When lubricated, friction properties have been proven …” „… larger variations in friction and high wear rates on both the nut and lead screw, as can be seen in Fig …”

A. Moser, F. Brezger Efficiency improvements in transmissions using new latching technologies in clutch & hydraulic actuation systems S. I-427-I-446

„… seals. There are many investigations about their leakage and friction behavior, as for instance FVA 678 …” „… pressure levels. Here, the leakage losses of an oil feed are avoided totally, but the friction losses are …” „… present, too. The friction losses are not only geometry and lubrication dependent but also force and speed …”

A. Kooy, R. Seebacher Minimize torsional vibrations – Full isolation if necessary S. I-313-I-328

„… requirements for vibration damping and noise behavior (noise vibration harshness, NVH) as early as possible in …” „… industrial scale. Pendulum mass guide friction may constitute another disturbance. That is why very rigid …” „… rollers are mostly used here that are virtually friction free. Hardly any heat is lost because the DMF …”

C. Leonhardt, M. Otto, K. Stahl Potential of lightweight construction and component properties of joined spur gears S. I-179-I-196

„… transmitted by friction, an adequate interference fit pressure is needed. This leads to conflicting …” „… interference fit pressure. Other investigations on multi-component gears are focused on the dynamic behavior …” „… behavior. Within the literature research no holistic investigations on the load carrying capacity, the …”

T. Basbous, J. Mortal Electric driveline adaptation from passenger-car application to Light & Medium Truck application – A competitive, efficient, compact and light solution S. III-19-III-28

„… : Truck characteristics used for this study The total losses (L) due to friction and aerodynamics, that …” „… : Table 1 below compares the behavior improvement that can be expected by using Valeo highspeed eMotor …” „… with the selected reducer. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2354, 201926 Table 1: Comparison of behavior on …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-I-I-XII

„… synchronizers with carbon friction lining – A comparison of load limits and deterioration behavior …”

A. Lampe, R. Serway, L. Große Siestrup, C. Gühmann Artificial intelligence in transmission control – Clutch engagement with reinforcement learning S. I-113-I-132

„… such as the start-up controller for automatic transmissions with friction clutch as start-up element …” „… controller behavior is derived from minimizing the cost function and maximizing the reward function. In …” „… algorithm runs on standard hardware, together with more opportunities for fine-tuning control behavior. The …”

K. von Rueden, C. Danzer, J. Liebold, T. Mueller, T. Hirschbeck 1, 2 or 3 – how much it would be? Evaluating the need of multispeed electric drives coming from different perspectives S. I-227-I-254

„… , speed-dependent losses, such as friction losses on bearings and seals or the ventilation losses of the rotating …” „… a result of internal friction in open switching elements (cf. source [Alt15], [Gas17]). Whether the …” „… limitation of friction energy penetration (heat input) into the clutches, which represents the durability …”

K. Baron, C. Rübsam, M. Werra, F. Küçükay Hybridized manual transmission – Opportunities and challenges of mild hybridization S. I-49-I-66

„… engine speed, to represent the different driving behaviors. Every combination of these variations adds up …” „… maneuver the friction brakes are only active when the EM braking capacity is not sufficient to obtain the …” „… and friction caused by the hybrid system components predominates the limited opportunity to …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023549

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Reifen – Fahrwerk – Fahrbahn

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2356 2019

Results in this title

C. Carrillo Vasquez Investigation of the Effects of Road Texture on Friction Behavior for Passenger Car Tyre Rubber Compounds to Enhance Friction Characteristics on Tyre Model Simulations S. 151-168

„… Investigation of the Effects of Road Texture on Friction Behavior for Passenger Car Tyre Rubber …” „… Compounds to Enhance Friction Characteristics on Tyre Model Simulations Untersuchung der Auswirkungen …” „… of the effects of the running surface characteristics in road-tyre friction behaviour is needed …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-VIII

„… Texture on Friction Behavior for Passenger Car Tyre Rubber Compounds to Enhance Friction Characteristics …”

B. Oelze, U. Steinhagen, S. Dachner, B. Wies Quantifizierung von Einflussfaktoren auf Menge des Reifenabrieb – Quantification of influencing factors on tire wear volume S. 89-110

„… die Entwicklung einer Standardtestmethode für Reifenabrieb aufgezeigt. Abstract Friction between …” „… tire and road surface is an essential safety asset in our daily life. A side effect of this friction …” „… . Motivation Friction between tire and road surface is an essential safety asset in our daily life. A side …”

K. Singh, F. Petry, P. Alipour, D. Khadraoui Application of Machine Learning & Deep Learning Techniques in the Context of Use Cases Relevant for the Tire Industry S. 241-268

„… be immune to such problems. Tire slip angle (α) and the tire-road friction coefficient (μ) are …” „… Application Enabled Vehicle Sideslip Estimation Tire-Road Friction Estimation Data Type Time series …” „… between the tire and the road. The importance of road- friction estimation is reflected by the …”

R. Uil, F. Petry, M. Bäcker, A. Gallrein, F. Calabrese Virtual tire pre-development using the CDTire model suite – A feasibility study using the CDTire model suite paving the road towards virtual tire development S. 217-240

„… inner friction behavior. The tread is modelled by a brush-type contact formulation, allowing for local …” „… includes a non-linear part in the elastic component of the material description due to different behavior …” „… under compression and tension regimes. The geometric formulation of the material behavior allows for …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023563

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Dritev 2023

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2420 2023

Results in this title

T. Schneider, K. Völkel, K. Stahl Failure Characteristics of Wet-Clutches in Limited Slip Differentials S. 307-324

„… friction plate) are investigated concerning damage behavior. The investigations show that with Friction …” „… . In Figure 9 the damage behavior of three friction systems investigated during different step tests is …” „… service life, loss behavior, and shifting comfort. Failure of wet-running clutches in vehicle transmission …”

S. Kaimer Vehicle Motion Control by Advanced Wheel Torque Management S. 13-20

„… Vehicle Motion Control itself, the Smart Actuators it commands, and the resulting Real Vehicle Behavior …” „… individualize the vehicle behavior within the physical limits. These modes can range from a very stable standard …” „… domain, see below. The fifth step, the Real Vehicle Behavior, is described below in its own chapter. 2 …”

S. Yan, P. Piecha, N. Hetzel Virtual Generation of Load Profiles and Spectra for Designing Electrified Vehicles – The influence of software and driving scenarios on powertrain design S. 377-390

„… TVS of the electric vehicle, the driving behavior and traffic situation were varied as well. The …” „… ) calculates a force based on the slip factor and takes non-linearities at the friction limit into account [3 …” „… . A serial recu-peration strategy is applied here. The friction brakes on both axles are only used …”

Z. Liu, S. Rinderknecht A sequential adaptive sampling strategy for surrogate model construction of transmission losses S. 425-440

„… order to characterize transmission loss behaviors and to further improve their analytical models …” „… . Laboratory experiments are mainly employed to characterize the transmission loss behavior under various …” „… behavior over the entire input domain. Moreover, additional regression is required for further estimation …”

L. Bayoux, K.-L. Kimmig, D. Reitz Has the potential in terms of weight, installation space, and function already been exhausted for hybrid transmissions? S. 205-220

„… significantly, which has a positive effect on the dynamic behavior. For excellent NVH behavior, innovative …” „… for 2030. End consumer behavior is likely to be even more inhomogeneous, with both costs and …” „… . Consumer behavior is not constant but can be influenced by purchase incentives or even usage bans - for …”

J. Gindele, F. Faistauer The Future of BEV: High Performance Without Compromising Driving Efficiency S. 37-44

„… powerful and large displacement spark ignition engines run with higher throttle and friction losses at …” „… , hybridization have helped to overcome this to some extent. Electric drives show an almost contrary behavior. And …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024201

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International Conference on Gears 2019

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2355 2019

Results in this title

K. Smrczkova Wear resistant plastics – Bespoke plastic compounds for plastic gears S. 1345-1356

„… products in dry run is not recommended because of bad wear and friction behavior. This means in contact …” „… combined with metals with a rough surface leads to good sliding and friction behavior. On both sliding …” „… behavior. The sliding speed and movement type (rotation, linear, etc.) influences the sliding and friction …”

B. Hu, M. Zheng, C. Zhou Tribo-dynamics model of a spur gear pair with gyroscopic effect and flexible shaft S. 541-554

„… behavior. Results indicate that the friction force and moment exert a negligible influence on dynamic …” „… negligible effect on the LOA vibration. The effect of tooth friction on gear dynamic behavior manifests the …” „… transient and non- Newtonian effects are considered in the EHL model to predict tooth friction forces and …”

E. Maier, T. Lohner, K. Stahl, P. Sperka, M. Hartl Detailed analyses of film thickness and friction in thermoplastic EHL contacts S. 1391-1400

„… behavior that affects its tribological characteristics. For highly loaded power-transmitting thermoplastic …” „… behavior on film thickness of thermoplastic EHL contacts. Experimental investigations on an EHL tribometer …” „… ). Results show that measured film thickness can deviate from approximation equations and solid friction …”

R. Beilicke, L. Bobach, D. Bartel Transient 3D TEHL simulation of spiral bevel gears under mixed friction conditions S. 529-540

„… the assessment of mixed friction conditions, non-Newtonian flow behavior and mass-conserving …” „… Transient 3D TEHL simulation of spiral bevel gears under mixed friction conditions Dipl.-Ing …” „… in [3] and [4]. A discrete mixed friction model is included as well as a non-Newtonian flow model …”

J. Cathelin Material data for advanced plastic gear simulation S. 1335-1344

„… behavior. 4. New developments for gear wear and friction characterization Usually gear wear and …” „… & friction behavior were measured on thrust washer, pin-on-disc and gears for the same material pairing and …” „… humidity expansion [1/°C], [1/°Rh%] Center distance correction Friction coefficient [-] Gear temperature …”

S. Bill Life extension for gearboxes through predictive maintenance S. 1259-1262

„… the products treated machinery, gearboxes and bearings can run better with reduced friction, wear …” „… developments. Friction Reduction in Gears The friction process in gears can be well simulated by the 2 …” „… -disc assembly bench with rolling friction with a slip of 20 %. Therefore, numerous tests with …”

T. Pinel, J. Bruyere, P.Velex, L. Billet Parametric Study of a 3D trochoidal reducer model with involute profile S. 437-448

„… trochoidal reducer dynamic model with elastic behavior has been elaborated. To take in account every …” „… contacts, and friction is taken into account by using a Coulomb model for all contacts. In this paper, a …” „… ˄ ˄ A Coulomb’s friction model is used in order to define the tangential load along the tangential …”

F. Siglmuller, U. Weinberger, J. Gotz, M. Sedlmair, T. Lohner, K. Stahl Scaling of planetary gear stages according to gear loss similarity S. 115-126

„… behavior. To reach this similarity, a set of parameters is derived, which is used to compare the scaled …” „… design with regard to power loss and efficiency behavior, gear excitation parameters and load carrying …” „… capacity. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2355, 2019 115 1. Introduction As the efficiency and loss behavior of …”

M. Chapron, Q. Theurillat-Bonjour Tooth contact analysis of non-circular gears with non-involute tooth profiles: Application to horological spur gears S. 925-936

„… to predict the quasi-static behavior, accounting for tooth friction, is discussed. 2.1 Contact …” „… induced by a leaf spring. Finally, its quasi-static behavior, in terms of transmitted torque and contact …” „… conditions and therefore, the influence of tooth friction needs to be implemented. Following [14] and …”

M. Yilmaz, T. Lohner, K. Michaelis, K. Stahl Minimizing gear friction with water-containing gear fluids S. 669-680

„… Minimizing Gear Friction with Water-Containing Gear Fluids M.Sc. Mustafa Yilmaz, Dr. Thomas …” „… Universität München, Garching Abstract Lubricants have a large influence on gear friction and therefore …” „… on gearbox losses and heat balance. Synthetic oils can exhibit significantly lower gear friction …”

X. Du, B. Chen, X. Shan Robust force control of series elastic actuator using disturbance observer S. 1111-1122

„… introduce challenging problems associated with large reflected inertia, friction, backlash and torque ripple …” „… article, a generic model is derived that the friction and backlash are regarded as unmodeled disturbances …” „… drawbacks of multistage gears are friction and backlash. To increase inherent safety and reduce the effect …”

K. Stahl Foreword S. 1-2

„… dynamic behavior, on component level, like CFDsimulations of the oil flow and TEHL simulations and even on …” „… regarding the efficiency, NVH-behavior, cost and load-carrying capacity of gears are presented. The …” „… of the conference is the NVH-behavior of geared transmissions. Not only for automotive powertrains …”

D. Mevissen, C. Lopenhaus, T. Bergs Calculation of mixed friction conditions in large-scale rolling-sliding contacts for different surface structures S. 555-568

„… Calculation of Mixed Friction Conditions in Large-Scale Rolling-Sliding Contacts for Different …” „… approach, the results are validated by friction measurements in a disk-on-disk test rig. With the novel …” „… calculation method, the load dependency of the friction coefficient as well as the curvature of the STRIBECK …”

N. C. Ecke, A. K. Schlarb, J. Holler, Jan Niedermeyer, P. Klein Thermal simulation of anisotropic PEEK-based tribocomposites S. 1411-1420

„… lubricant to lower the coefficient of friction [1-2]. A further improvement of the materials’ performance …” „… regarding both friction and wear can be achieved by the incorporation of micro- and nanoparticles [3-7 …” „… a more thorough understanding of the systems behavior due to the highly temperature-dependent …”

B. Brodmann, H. Bodschwinna Scattered light measurement on worm gears with high efficiency requirements S. 1567-1578

„… friction behaviour of the surfaces and the efficiency of gears. Critical are the material distribution of …” „… action between the involved friction partners is a core element for an economically successful product …” „… development. In addition to the material and lubricant properties, the geometry of the friction partners in …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XXVI

„… University, Chongqing, China A study of dynamic behavior of tractor pto driveline to analyze a rattle noise …” „… bevel gears under mixed friction conditions 529 R. Beilicke, Tribo Technologies …” „… , Hunan University, Changsha, P. R. China Calculation of mixed friction conditions in large-scale …”

M. Uhlig, C. Pastor Simulation tool-chain for plastic gear design S. 1453-1460

„… beneficial in terms of efficiency due to light-weight design, tribological properties and noise behavior …” „… orientation causes an anisotropic material behavior. Local fiber orientation is mapped to the mesh of the …” „… , friction and wear in stationary and dynamic systems. Contacts can either be dry or lubricated. The elastic …”

B. Gierl, D. Drummer spur gears S. 1367-1378

„… crosslinking, can decrease friction and wear. The injection molding process also offers the possibility to …” „… bench and the performance increase in terms of thermal and tribological material behavior was analyzed …” „… behavior and possible applications Dipl.-Ing. Bernhard Gierl, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dietmar Drummer, Institute …”

R. Ratnagiri, M. Kato, H. Kuchelka Advances in polyacetal materials for gears S. 1357-1366

„… creep resistance, dimensional stability, good wear and friction properties and impact toughness. We …” „… mechanical behavior of polyacetals. To be able to better characterize the performance of polyacetal gears …” „… constant load and temperature are the primary testing variables, fatigue behavior is more challenging to …”

H.-J. Dennig, S. Monn, A. Vodermayer Thermoplastic high performance composite gears S. 1279-1290

„… sliding of the flanks High wear Low wear resistance or strong abrasive surface of the friction …” „… good friction and wear properties. The disadvantage of this plastic is that it is costly. Figure 1 …” „… abrasive surface of the friction partner; caused in part by chipping and in part by abrasion. This is …”

B. van Wissen, M. Kanters, F. Mitsuzuka, K. Iwanaga, Ir. A. Hasanovic Predicting wear for high performance plastic gears S. 1323-1334

„… application this resolves in statements about the tribological behavior of the system. Extensive testing is …” „… example, to predict wear of gears it involves the tribological behavior of VDI-Berichte Nr. 2355, 2019 …” „… torque level on local temperature When two bodies are in contact, they experience friction, which …”

P. H. O. Teixeira, C. Lopenhaus, C. Brecher, T. Bergs Discretization of the contact conditions considering the grain engagement for generating gear grinding S. 1739-1748

„… quality. However, due to the friction generated in the contact zone, high temperatures are achieved …” „… the investigation of the influence of the grains on the material removal behavior and the …” „… objective of this work is the investigation of the influence of the grains on the material removal behavior …”

C. Hegger, T. Kruger, J. Maas Two-speed transmission based on energy-efficient MRF-coupling elements and power split mechanism S. 867-876

„… and damper are parallel arranged. Due to the adaptive behavior of the MRF-clutch the non-uniformity …” „… a lower torque density compared to a friction based clutch was determined as most significant …” „… the rotational speed, which can be comprehended by the simulated transient transmission behavior at n …”

M. Ruzek, F. Ville, P. Velex, Y. Marchesse Windage power loss reductions in high-speed gear pairs S. 91-100

„… applied to a spur gear by Pallas (13). This worked helped to understand the air flow behavior around the …” „… accelerated to its maximal speed by a friction wheel. Once the maximum speed is reached, the friction wheel …”

D. V. Kalinin, J. Y. Temis Influence of tooth profile modification on planetary gear sets dynamic S. 777-784

„… planetary gear set To estimate the behavior of the nonlinear system of gears of the planetary mechanism, we …” „… . Oswald, Dennis P.: Townsend. Dynamic Measurements of Gear Tooth Friction and Load. National Aeronautics …”

D. Park, F. Santini, A. Rezayat, T. Tamarozzi, J. Pavel Experimental and numerical investigation of helical gear transmission error under gear misalignments S. 355-366

„… of the static and dynamic system behavior for comparison with simulation results. However, it is a …” „… the gear contact behavior in industry for various gear pair assembly conditions with different …” „… pair testing is a prerequisite to ensure the correlation in gear contact behavior, especially for …”

B. J . Siewerin, T. Tobie, K. Stahl, A. Dobler Flank load carrying capacity of hard-soft gear pairings S. 173-184

„… parameters. Especially, the friction coefficient in the gear mesh µ has an effect on the pitting load …” „… capacity. An increase in the friction of a lubricating oil leads to a decrease of the pitting lifetime …” „… 17] Schultheiß, H.; Tobie, T.; Stahl, K.: The Wear Behavior of Small Module Gears Lubricated with …”

M. R. Mauntz, J. Peuser Deep online oil analysis of dielectric parameters for life time enhancement of industrial gearboxes – Identification of critical operation conditions for reduction of failure rates S. 245-256

„… several parameters can help with the identification of normal or abnormal behavior. Fig. 1 …” „… on the internal friction of the oil and therefore, also on its temperature. The conductivity kappa …”

P. Barreiro, J. Hoffmeister, J. Hermes, A. Bronner New improvement opportunities through applying topology optimization combined with 3D printing to the construction of gearbox housings S. 1823-1834

„… cooling channels into the housing structure. Thus, the relevant friction points cool down by an oil …” „… similar behavior is not observed on the bearings, because they are partly submerged in oil from the …”

Y. Cai, L. Yao, J. Ding, S. Ouyang, J. Zhang Analysis of dynamic transmission error for nutation drive with double circular arc gears under assembly errors and different loads S. 343-354

„… transmission accuracy. Yuan et al. [4] investigated the effects of output torque on the dynamic behaviors of a …” „… contact deformation, friction between teeth, assembly errors and loads, which can accurately solve the …”

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International Conference on Gears 2017

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2294 2017

Results in this title

E. Maier, A. Ziegltrum, T. Lohner, K. Stahl Characterization of TEHL contacts of thermoplastic gears S. 1483-1496

„… , low coefficients of friction, noise damping behavior and demonstrate low-cost manufacturing by …” „… Friction behavior As a characteristic quantity to characterize the tribosystem’s behavior, friction is …” „… increasing sliding speed. The friction curve indicates Newtonian fluid behavior (cf. section 4.1) that is …”

T. Jurkschat, T. Lohner, K. Stahl Improved calculation method for load-dependent gear losses S. 893-904

„… distributions and (ii) a mean coefficient of friction derived from empirical equations based on spur gears …” „… (Noise-Vibration-Harshness) behavior and flank modifications for uniform contact patterns are used. The modified mesh and …” „… coefficient of friction µmz has been enhanced by regression analyses. A comparison of the improved calculation …”

M. Daffner, M. Otto, K. Stahl Elastic deformation of a hypoid gearbox – Measurements on a static test rig to validate the calculated elastic deformation behavior S. 683-694

„… calculated elastic deformation behavior Dipl.-Ing. Markus Daffner, Dr.-Ing. Michael Otto, Prof. Dr.-Ing …” „… of compensating friction effects to get high-quality measurement results is successfully met by the …” „… presented approach. There are several computer programs to calculate the elastic deformation behavior of …”

M. Oehler, B. Magyar, B. Sauer A new standardizable calculation method to predict the efficiency of worm gear drives S. 363-372

„… dimensionless film thickness , the deformation behavior of the two friction partners is decisive for the …” „… and low-noise running behavior compared to other gear transmissions. These positive properties …” „… and the mean tooth friction coefficients, as well as the gearing and overall efficiency of the …”

T. Saito, K. Miyamoto Traction drive analysis identified with rheological friction property of traction fluid S. 1185-1190

„… traction surfaces in the behavior analysis model as a friction transmission model, it is necessary to …” „… Traction drive analysis identified with rheological friction property of traction fluid Toshihiro …” „… Saito, Honda R&D Co.,Ltd.,Japan; Koji Miyamoto, ITO CORP.,Japan Abstract The rheological friction …”

J. Cathelin, R. Janssen Material data for advanced plastic gear simulation S. 1553-1564

„… distance correction Friction coefficient [-] Gear temperature Wear coefficient [mm3/N.m] Flank wear …” „… threepoint bending test performed according ISO or ASTM standards. Creep behavior and Poisson coefficient are …” „… bending test is a fair approach to quantify material stiffness, strength and creep behavior for gears …”

A. Miltenović, M. Banić, Ž. Mišković, R. Mitrović, V. Miltenović Prediction of heat generation in transmission bearings by application of FEM S. 1199-1208

„… heat generation within rolling bearing: by friction between the rolling bodies and raceways, due to …” „… hydraulic resistance of lubricants, friction between the rolling bodies and cage, friction between the cage …” „… and rim of rings and friction between the seals and rings. This paper discusses the first of these …”

K. Togai, N. Fujinaga A reduced order internal combustion engine model for transmission development S. 1191-1198

„… modeled in a linear equation. When dynamic behavior of an ICE is required, response from the control mean …” „… behavior simulation, is obtained with an amplitude modulation of the mean value torque. 1 …” „… property is less than 20. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 2017 1191 When dynamic behavior of an ICE is required …”

M. Ophey, F. Klocke, C. Löpenhaus Approach for modeling grinding worm wear S. 1365-1378

„… improve the load-carrying capacity and the running behavior of gears, it is state of the art to grind …” „… [4], on the calculation of undeformed chip geometries [5, 6], on the wear behavior of dressing …” „… friction and wear on the system elements and thus leads to changes in the surface, loss of material and …”

G. Hlebanja, S. Kulovec, D. Zorko, J. Hlebanja, J. Duhovnik Influence of the tooth flank shape on thermal load of the gear S. 1583-1592

„… reflect actual flank shape and difference in actual thermal behavior deriving from there. So, frictional …” „… power along the path of contact, work of friction and deriving flash temperatures along the path of …” „… plastic gears due to their thermal sensitivity. Heat is generated by friction at the contacting surfaces …”

X. Gou, L. Zhu, C. Qi Modelling of a gear-rotor system considered tooth contact temperature and its dynamic characteristics S. 1177-1184

„… friction, the backlash, the comprehensive transmission error and so on are considered. The flash …” „… develop silent gears system requires a good understanding of the dynamic behavior of the system [1]. The …” „… friction. Mao[4] described a detailed analysis of the flash temperature of polymer composite gears and the …”

C. Brecher, C. Löpenhaus, R. Greschert Influence of the grinding process on the formation of boundary layers on gears S. 1427-1438

„… behavior of the parts. In this paper, the influence of the grinding process on the characteristics of …” „… economical design of gears. 1. Introduction Gear transmissions are usually run under mixed friction, i.e …” „… contacts. The initial characteristics of boundary layers and the running behavior of gears are determined …”

Foreword S. 1-4

„… plastics material, from hobbed to sintered gears and more. One focus of the conference is the NVH-behavior …” „… of geared transmissions. Especially for automotive powertrains, the NVH-behavior gets more and more …” „… conference address the subject of modelling and simulating the noise behavior of geared transmissions and …”

A. Lohrengel, M. Heß Thrust cone bearings provide increased efficiency for helical gear units at moderate speed levels – Indications for possible energy saving potential in an expanded field of application S. 231-242

„… bearable loads under mixed friction conditions for various thrust cone design configurations are …” „… , it is a crucial condition, that the friction losses in the thrust cone bearing are lower than the …” „… reduction of losses in the bearings of the housing. Since the friction coefficient under full film …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XXVII

„… Systems – NVH Behavior J. W. Vriesen Topographical tooth modifications in planetary gears for 185 …” „… oscillation S. Stoyanov, Investigating dynamic behavior of planetary gear trains 197 V. Dobrev, through the …” „… . Liou, The development of worm drives 503 S. Rakuff Page NVH Behavior – Noise A. Carbonelli, Computing …”

B. Zhmud, J. Blomkvist, M. Fallström An advanced thermal processing & coating process for enhancing gear tribology S. 1451-1462

„… are all important factors both for the early-life running-in behavior and life-long performance …” „… parts during the quenching step. This allows further reduction in friction and wear, better resistance …” „… parts. 2. Experimental Friction, wear and scuffing load measurements were carried out using discs …”

G. Eitzinger Adaptive coatings on gears for NVH improvement S. 1439-1450

„… . Nevertheless, it may increase weight, friction and costs. An efficient method to precisely adjust clearances …” „… mechanically the gear clearance. This improves the NVH behavior of the whole system. Further reduction of the …” „… coating of the reference gear with DIN quality of 3 (REF) does not show much adoptive behavior. This was …”

S. Stoyanov, V. Dobrev, A. Dobreva Investigating dynamic behavior of planetary gear trains through the systematic approach S. 197-208

„… Investigating Dynamic Behavior of Planetary Gear Trains through the Systematic Approach S …” „… simulation with great deformations and nonlinear behavior of material including inertia effects as results …” „… damping, defined as is an energy dissipation which is proportional to velocity, i.e. viscous friction. The …”

J. J. Liou, S. Rakuff The development of worm drives S. 503-516

„… ; therefore, the load capacity for worm drives is relatively limited and friction greatly affects the …” „… in much lower friction forces that cannot be found in other metal combinations. It also results in …” „… action causes unfavorable tribological behavior and leads thinner oil film thickness. Previous works …”

L. J. Stocco, R. Gloeckner Smashing the efficiency barrier – A practical comparison of planetary and orbitless gear-heads S. 319-330

„… off-the-shelf Planetary gear-head, friction losses are reduced by up to 59% and total input power is reduced by …” „… concluded once any abnormal behavior is detected such as a change in sound or a substantial increase in …” „… friction losses associated with the motor PM and gear-head PG, as shown in equation (8). (7) (8 …”

M. Kanters, B. van Wissen, R. Nickel Relevant tribological testing method for high performance plastic gears S. 1507-1518

„… friction behavior in relevant plasticplastic material pairs. This showed that the ranking of different …” „… material behavior is required, both to be able to support customers when using our materials and to be …” „… sliding wear. To study specific tribological properties, wear and friction measurements are performed on …”

H. Hansson, H. Alm, A. Eng, M. Olsson Beveloid gears in planetary gear trains for increased Grundström, power density and reduced backlash Stensson, S. 579-590

„… . Friction is assumed to be μ=0.05 in the gear contacts. The simulated load distribution between the planets …” „… many factors e.g stiffness in gear contacts and bearings, clearance in bearings, friction, speed etc …” „… Sussex, John Wiley & Sons, 2012. [2] A. Singh, “Load sharing behavior in epicyclic gears: Physical …”

S. T. Ping, Y. M. Shao, L. M. Wang, H. W. Li, J. Xu, Y. Cheng, J. Liu The influence of mesh misalignment on planetary gear set with time-varying mesh stiffness S. 219-230

„… behavior of a face gear trans- VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 2017 219 mission for an unmodified gear set …” „… affected by misalignment, torque, and friction [8]. In most of studies, mesh misalignment is only …” „… gear dynamic behavior. Journal of Sound & Vibration 191(1996)5 pp. 629-660 [3] LI M., YU L …”

R. Meissner, M. Liewald, T. Benkert, M. Hiller, W. Volk Multi-component gearwheels and their manufacturing processes S. 1299-1306

„… contact describes the tangential behavior using a friction value of 0.1. There are two boundary …” „… press fit area, as contact behavior tends to become unstable if mesh sizes of contact partners differ …” „… finite sliding. The contact formulation defines normal and tangential interaction behavior. In normal …”

P. Norgauer, W. Sigmund, D. Kadach, K. Stahl Comprehensive simulation methods for crossed helical gear sets with the main focus on the calculation of contact patterns S. 353-362

„… stress, thickness of the lubricating film or coefficient of friction. 1. Introduction Crossed helical …” „… force-deflection behavior. Fig. 6 describes an abstracted tooth contact in a random mesh position. The model …” „… or the local coefficient of friction, could be integrated into the calculation program. Furthermore …”

F. Concli, C. Gorla Numerical modeling of the churning power losses of gears: an innovative 3D computational tool suitable for planetary gearbox simulation S. 881-892

„… . Numerical solvers and grid-handling The behavior of the lubricant inside the gearbox is described by …” „… . This is fundamental to reduce the friction coefficient as well as to prevent damaging like wear and …” „… , Friction Drag on Bladed Disks in Housings as a Function of Reynolds Number, Axial and Radial Clearance …”

T. Frech, C. Löpenhaus, F. Klocke Influence of the contact conditions in cold rolling on the density profile of powder metallurgical (PM) gears S. 1265-1276

„… stress states on the material deformation [4, 5, 6]. Since friction does not influence the normal …” „… material flow, friction is not considered in the FE model [3]. The numerically and experimentally obtained …” „… .: Plastic and fracture behavior of ductile materials incorporating void nucleation, growth, and interaction …”

N. Sagraloff, M. Hein, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Practical use of micropitting test results according to FVA 54/7 for calculation of micropitting load capacity acc. to ISO/TR 15144-1 S. 143-152

„… micropitting. In areas of sliding the lubricant film thickness usually is smaller than in rolling friction …” „… material factor takes into account the load carrying behavior of different steels compared to 16MnCr5 …” „… - Fundamentals. 17th International Colloquium Tribology Solving Friction and Wear Problems, TAE Esslingen (2010 …”

E. Rigaud, P.-H. Cornuault, B. Bazin, E. Grandais-Menant Prediction of the vibroacoustic response of an electric window-lift gear motor S. 635-648

„… Abstract A numerical approach is proposed for analyzing the vibroacoustic behavior of an electric …” „… . 1. Introduction The aim of this paper is to analyze the vibroacoustic behavior of an electric …” „… contribution to the vibroacoustic behavior of the gear motor. 2. Excitation sources Under operating …”

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Schwingungen 2023

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2429 2023

Results in this title

S. Keller, A. Fidlin Thermomechanical Investigation of a Friction Oscillator under High-frequency Excitation S. 171-184

„… friction behavior was investigated and deliveredinteresting results concerning different types of motion …” „… AbstractThe frictional behavior, temperature evolution, and system dynamics in tribological systems …” „… Zielgrößen.Thermomechanical Investigation of a Friction Oscillatorunder High-frequency ExcitationThermomechanische Betrachtung …”

A. Zürbes, V. Moor, B. Wehner, S. Maas Analytische und experimentelle Untersuchung instabiler Schwingungen beim Koordinatenschleifen von Taschenkonturen S. 25-42

„… behavior depending on the enclosing angle. These minimum coefficients of friction decrease to zero with …” „… normal and frictional forces with Coulomb's law of friction. With this assumption, a two-degree of …” „… unstable state in a 90° corner, i.e. that friction-induced self-excited vibrations are to be expected. The …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024294

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Dritev – Drivetrain For Vehicles 2018

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2328 2018

Results in this title

M. Behzad, V. Saxena, M. Schaefer Thermal-hydrodynamic optimization of grooves in a wet clutch S. I-101-I-118

„… both friction plate rotational speeds (see Fig. 9(c) & (d)). This behavior agrees well with the CFD …” „… orientations. The model is capable of predicting the two-phase flow and thermal behavior of ATF inside the …” „… temperature and thereby, overall performance of clutch system. In addition to optimizing thermal behavior …”

M. Mileti, H. Pflaum, K. Stahl TorqueLINE cone clutch: Thermo-mechanical stability of cone clutches for ATs S. I-357-I-368

„… , the friction behavior of such a shift is not optimal anymore. Being the temperature on the friction …” „… loads such as friction loss and power increase accordingly. Therefore, being the thermal behavior …” „… however a perceptible reduction in shifting comfort. To unite the advantages of a multiple disc friction …”

A. Dietrich, H. Klampfl “Friction Stir Welding” – Lightweight through manufacturing technology – The path from a concept to revolutionary gearbox manufacturing S. I-385-I-396

„… . “Friction Stir Welding” – Lightweight through manufacturing technology The path from a concept to …” „… reduction in axle drive is the implementation of Friction Stir Welding technology. This special …” „… principles of the Friction Stir Welding process as well as the development steps, which were necessary to …”

M. Roßhuber, G. Schromm, K. Kranz The new BMW automatic transmission – Challenges in development S. I-11-I-22

„… reduced friction losses at the same time. More sportiness and driving pleasure with less fuel consumption …” „… driving behavior can be realized with 8 gears. The existing topology in conjunction with a limited …” „… shorter slip and overlapping phases significantly reduce friction during the shifting process …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-I-I-X

„… – Integration of the dynamic behavior of all conventional-, electric-, and hybrid-transmission mode types in …” „… friction and low viscosity final drive oil � � � � � � � 347 T. Nishikawa, Tomoo Kubo, Nissan …” „… Transmission manufacturing “Friction Stir Welding” – Lightweight through manufacturing technology – The path …”

R. Savelsberg, P. Griefnow, G. Birmes, A. Sehr Advanced powertrain functions of 48 V hybrid vehicles – Efficient powertrains does not exclude driving pleasure S. I-499-I-516

„… gas recirculation, water injection, but also continuous friction reduction and a variable compression …” „… transient behavior and the raw emissions with a relatively powerful electric motor or, if necessary, with …” „… along with it and the friction torque of the combustion engine would have to be permanently overcome …”

B. Chamberlin, E. Gold HEV P2 module concepts for different transmission architectures clutch and e-motor options S. I-441-I-450

„… resources, and/or the eco-friendly behavior of consumers. For HEVs, a common nomenclature is in place …” „… a conventional wet friction clutch. In addition to this packaging advantage, the OWC also reduces …” „… mechanism If the efficiency of a wet friction clutch shall be further improved, the integration of a …”

J.-E. Moseberg, J. Kohlhoff, S. Hekeler Electric all-wheel drive: enhancing vehicle dynamics and driving safety by wheel-individual torque distribution – How to make use of the over-actuation of electrified vehicles S. II-103-II-116

„… vehicle dynamics as well as driving safety. First, a desired vehicle behavior is realized which the …” „… wheel-individual drive torque distribution permitting an improvement of the vehicle’s lateral dynamic behavior as …” „… speed (longitudinal motion). Nevertheless, its self-steering behavior (yaw motion) is determined by the …”

M. Bahne, U. Frey, G. Schlager Transmission technology contribution to CO2 roadmap – a benchmark S. I-285-I-304

„… ), the engine technology (mapping, combustion technology, friction losses, thermal management …” „… are primarily to be found in friction of gear wheels and bearings, and in lubrication. Depending on …” „… friction locking of the push belt or link chain (CVT). However, while the mechanical and hydraulic …”

L. Dedeleit, M. Ayeb, L. Brabetz Short circuit calculation of permanent magnet synchronous machines with comsol multiphysics S. II-197-III-VII

„… machine behavior and the associated risks must be evaluated. This paper presents various calculation …” „… high accuracy. The behavior of the machine is then evaluated on the basis of the currents. The steady …” „… to evaluate the behavior of PMSM in an SSC in an early development stage. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2328 …”

M. Werra, A. Ringleb, C. Sieg, F. Küçükay Thermal behavior of 48 V hybrid systems S. I-529-II-VI

„… Thermal behavior of 48 V hybrid systems M. Werra, M.Sc., A. Ringleb, M.Sc., C. Sieg, M.Sc., Prof …” „… powertrain topologies. So far, in this simulation model thermal behavior of electric components is not taken …” „… into account. This paper describes the thermal behavior of electric components in 48 V hybrid …”

A. Schmidt, H.-P. Fleischmann Enhancement of a dual clutch transmission kit – AUDI S tronic – Version for All-Wheel Drive, Increase of Torque and HV Electrification S. I-33-I-48

„… of robustness also contributes to good friction coefficient behavior repeatability and thus also …” „… additional friction surfaces. An additional stabilizing measure was the optimization of the dual clutch …”

W. van Harselaar, M. Brouwer, T. Hofman A generic transmission model for hybrid electric drives – Integration of the dynamic behavior of all conventional-, electric-, and hybrid-transmission mode types in a single model S. I-163-I-180

„… A Generic Transmission Model for Hybrid Electric Drives Integration of the dynamic behavior of …” „… integrates the dynamic behavior of all conventional-, electric-, and hybrid- transmission mode types. Mode …” „… of the vehicle. Distinct topologies enable distinct behavior, which can be represented by a …”

M. Hein, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Holistic approach for fatigue life design of vehicle transmissions S. I-131-I-146

„… market of electric cars, if gearboxes are designed for motorsports applications or if the user behavior …” „… can be used to describe the fatigue life behavior. It can either be obtained by extensive testing or …” „… increased dynamics / noise. Additionally, friction martensite of high hardness is formed on the surface and …”

R. Stehr, A. Götz, M. Ciesek, S. Köpfler, M. Finsterbusch, R. Willeke Future Schaeffler CVT concepts with an innovative actuation system S. I-49-I-64

„… inductance, the mass moment of inertia, and friction maps into account. This allows to precisely examine …” „… the control behavior of the actuators in combination with the physical conditions of the transmission …”

D. Güth, J. Haupt, T. Gassmann Seamless-shift two-speed eAxle with torque vectoring S. I-255-I-268

„… etc. that leads to noticeable understeering behavior. Ultimately the traction of these vehicles is …” „… combination of a friction clutch and a lockable freewheel enables the eTwinsterX to provide seamless up- and …”

K. Bennewitz, A. Mann Powertrain electrification exemplified by the VW Golf S. II-135-II-168

„… holds the main responsibility associated to vehicle’s driving behavior and customer’s experience of it …” „… instance (fig 10). Though, the operating behavior tends to an increased e-drive ratio in urban situations …” „… ). Electric motor and transmission share the same shaft bearing to minimize friction losses. Oil supply is …”

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International Conference on Gears 2023

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2422 2023

Results in this title

T. König, L. Cadau, L. Steidle, M. Kley, D. Cansu Güney, J. Albrecht, K. Weber A concept for comparison of new and aged lubricants in transmissions of electric vehicles and a method of oil aging on a test rig S. 1195-1206

„… addition, the powertrain of BEVs requires special lubricants, such as to reduce friction and wear in the …” „… corrosion protection are also requirements for such lubricants as well as the coefficient of friction. [6 …” „… analyze the viscosity, coefficient of friction, and aging of the lubricants. In this publication …”

A. Carvalho, R. Rego, N. Fukumasu, D. Tamayo, F. Nascimento, I. Machado PVD Deposition of Nb-MoS2 Coatings on Gear Carburized Steel S. 1071-1082

„… of the substrate residual stress state on coating behavior. Preliminary results suggest a significant …” „… obtained coatings showed lower coefficient of friction and proper adhesion on carburized SAE 8620 steels …” „… mitigate issues related to friction, wear, and energy losses. Among the various coating materials …”

W. Ramdane, C. Changenet, S. S. Ouali, C. Chevrel-Fraux, P. Casanova Thermal model of a planetary gear set using an isothermal approach S. 451-466

„… study the thermal behavior of a double stage planetary gear train, severalmeasurment were performed on a …” „… thermal behavior and efficiency of the above splash lubricated planetary gear set, an isothermal method is …” „… , and the associated development of sustainable technologies. Studying the thermal behavior makes …”

S. Sklenak, D. Mevissen, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher, B. Lenz, A. Mehner Analysis of Load Cycles and Local Wear of Dry and Solid-Lubricated Gears S. 727-740

„… behavior can VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023 729be observed in experimental investigations [7]. The friction …” „… contact, the characteristic application behavior of the coefficient of friction with a stationary and …” „… behavior with respect to the coefficient of friction and the test body temperature. Moreover, the dry and …”

M. Werner, S. Graf, M. Oehler, O. Koch Investigation of the electrical behavior of a spur gear stage pair by means of impedance measurements S. 67-80

„… angle approaches 0 , a purely resistive behavior and thus boundary friction is assumed. The concrete …” „… so far that with mixed friction the electrical behavior changes in a defined frequency range from …” „… Investigation of the electrical behavior of a spur gear stage pair by means of impedance …”

T. Schmidt, B. Neubauer, D. Merk White Etching Cracks (WECs) on gears of E-Axle applications S. 257-268

„… procedure was established to investigate the mixed friction behavior of point and line contacts. The DIN …” „… specific friction energy (ea,kin), high mixed friction conditions, high Hertzian pressure and a critical …” „… consequential damage is changed due to their kinematic behavior. To prove WEC-potential of gear box oils, FE8 …”

R. Beilicke, D. Bartel, L. Bobach Simulation-based optimization of gearing efficiency using thin coatings S. 975-984

„… gear units lead to increased operation of the gear teeth in the mixed friction regime. To counteract …” „… increasing wear, the use of friction- and wear-reducing thin coatings (DLC coatings) can be a possible …” „… more frequently to reduce fluid friction as well as churning and pumping losses. At operating …”

I. Gonzalez-Perez, A. Fuentes-Aznar Improvement of the transmission efficiency in electric vehicles by using double staggered helical gears with shortened teeth S. 1083-1090

„… nodes of the finite element model. A constant friction coefficient is being considered between the …” „… present macro-geometrical modifications that allow power losses due to sliding friction to be reduced …” „… the friction coefficient and consequently of the power losses in gear drives. To this end, in [5], a …”

M. J. Herberger, F. Rudolph, B. Sievers Efficient concepts for high ratio angular gearboxes S. 801-814

„… displacement behavior of hypoid and SPIROPLAN® angular stages is presented. Result-ing from a lower sensitivity …” „… to their displacement be-havior. The relative position of pinion and wheel shifts due to housing …” „… contact pat-tern on the gear flanks. Table 1 shows an example for the displacement behavior for both …”

M. Geitner, S. Preintner, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Simulation Study on the Tribological Characteristics in the Meshing Contact in the Context of the Load Carrying Capacity Calculation of Internal Gears with Unbalanced Sliding Conditions S. 429-450

„… validated. In this context, it is to be noted that the friction behavior and efficiency determination of …” „… film thickness profile of an isothermal EHL contact with Newtonian lubricant behavior. The solution of …” „… contact with non-Newtonian lubricant behavior. Here, in addition to the lubricant film thickness and the …”

U. Cihak-Bayr, T. Wopelka, C. Wintersteiger Effect of LOL conditions under high velocity and high injection temperatures S. 763-778

„… injection temperatures only. 5. Results of friction behavior under LOL conditions Scuffing models and …” „… been performed on a twin-disc test rig to study the limits of stable friction condition at high …” „… topography, all based on 3D measurements. Experimental and simulation results showed that friction under full …”

K. Suzuki, K. Sakai, K. Sakai, T. Hara Considerations on Lubrication of High-Speed Rotating Gear (First Report) S. 741-752

„… lubricating oil behavior and airflow on the tooth surface Kensuke Suzuki, Kazuki Sakai, Kaori Sakai, Tomoyuki …” „… tooth surface and the oil behavior on the tooth surface have been reported in a number of literatures …” „… of lubricating oil behavior on the tooth surface of high-speed rotating gears, which is one of the …”

S. Matkovič, D. Šeruga, M. Nagode, M. Kalin Prediction of tooth root fatigue failure of polymer gears for dry and oil lubricated contact and its comparison to experimentally obtained results S. 1301-1318

„… their growth. Several authors found a high influence of friction coefficient on fatigue crack and its …” „… obtaining coefficient of friction. The FEM simulation was performed in the commercial FEM software (Abaqus …” „… simulations were performed considering coefficients of friction of 0.28 for dry contact, as measured in [18 …”

J. Vorgerd, P. Tenberge, M. Steinrötter Scuffing load carrying capacity of high-speed gears with an isotropic superfinished surface S. 227-242

„… be improved by reducing gear friction due to isotropic superfinishing. However, in the state of the …” „… art there is no standard to quantify these potentials in friction and load carrying capacity …” „… by friction in the local slide-roll contacts due to gear damage and thermal heat emission. The local …”

P. E. Schnetzer, J. Pellkofer, K. Stahl Calculation method for wear of steel-bronze rolling-sliding contacts relating to worm gears S. 907-926

„… behavior of steel-bronze rolling-sliding contacts regarding worm wheels. Therefore, the basics for the new …” „… cost-effective information on the wear behavior of worm gears. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 20239083. Introduction Worm …” „… running behavior. Currently, industrial applications mostly use pairings of a hard worm (case-hardened …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XXVIII

„… , Donaueschingen, Germany Tribology and thermal behaviorReduction of root and flank temperature using a hybrid …” „… detectionInvestigation of the electrical behavior of a spur gear stage pair by means of impedance measurements 67M …” „… KingdomInfluence of Axis Misalignments in Stepped Planetary Gear Stages on the Excitation Behavior – Test Rig …”

B. Devaux, C. Hamon, S. Montani Evaluation of specialty polymer performances in gear applications and the bias between modeling and testing approaches S. 1515-1532

„… implemented by Longato srls to characterize the behavior of our Amodel PPA gear in working conditions. The …” „… . Experimental results For the studied Amodel PPA A-1133 HS gear, the wear behavior corresponds to a gradual …” „… at the contact point. Note that for this analysis, a friction coefficient of 0.35 is here used based …”

A. F. İnceel, B. Özkan, B. Karba, M. Vardar A study on the efficiency prediction of a gear bearing drive by means of mathematical modelling S. 1135-1146

„… understanding the behavior of GBD and determining for which systems it is suitable to be used is understood from …” „… ] conducted successful kinematic modeling of the GBD also helped in understanding the behavior of the GBD in …” „… gear mesh. 𝜇 1 (13) 𝜇 1 (14) 𝜇 1 (15) (𝜇 : Coefficient of Friction, 𝑁2/𝑁1, 𝑁3/𝑁2 …”

J. Cathelin Plastic Gears: Investigation on Noise and NVH Behavior S. 1449-1460

„… Plastic Gears: Investigation on Noise and NVH Behavior Sr. Application Development Engineer, Dr …” „… used to judge the impact of a gear train on the noise behavior. A high Transmission error results in a …” „… coefficient of friction under different load levels, the difference of stiffness and as consequence the …”

J.-A. Meis Parametric system simulation of load sharing in planetary gearboxes S. 269-280

„… allows to analyze the interaction between gear contacts and the behavior of the journal bearing under …” „… with corresponding friction coefficients for the elastohydrodynamic behaviour. The contact between the …” „… plant pins and the carrier is also set up as a nonlinear contact, but the inference fit and the friction …”

A. I. Aydeniz Modelling and Analysis of the Effect of Root Modification on Load Sharing and Stress Values on Spur Gears S. 1039-1062

„… Abstract In this study, the effect of root relief modification on the dynamic behavior of the gear …” „… more flexible. Thus, softening dynamic behavior of the tooth pair, without a marginal change in the …” „… general-purpose computer program is used to analyze the static and dynamic behavior of the mechanisms. The program …”

L. Braumann, H. Amri, V. S. Viteri, J. Ochoa LUBGEAR – Experimental Campaign for Aviation Gears in Loss-of- Lubrication S. 1063-1070

„… , coatings, surface finishing and material choice) show great potential to reduce friction and wear, as well …” „… has shown that relying solely on low-TRL testing to predict the behavior of gears can yield misleading …” „… results. [7] In LUBGEAR key aspects of frictional behavior of gears in different operating conditions …”

L. Becker, P. Tenberge Crossed helical gears – simulative studies and experimental results on non-involute geometries S. 1499-1514

„… design parameters and demonstrate the effects on operating behavior, with those a design recommendation …” „… properties, the friction coefficient zm was assumed to be constant and comparable to similar materials …” „… . Accordingly, the efficiency results as a geometric quantity. A changing friction coefficient for a …”

F. Reinle, D. Mangherini, A. Bongiovanni Enhancing gear performance through advanced mass finishing and DEM simulation S. 1777-1786

„… fatigue behavior in a single process. The technique works by reducing surface roughness, inducing …” „… tangential forces of friction and normal adhesive forces. For the normal force model as overlap between …” „… compressive stress is contingent on relative particle movement and the shear forces generated by friction …”

F. Concli, M. N. Mastrone Latest advancements in the lubrication simulations of geared systems: a technology ready for industrial applications S. 499-518

„… load-dependent power losses, i.e. the one related to friction and proportional to the transmitted load. Those …” „… high complexity of the underlying behavior, which precludes a description of fluid flows that is at the …” „… new physical behavior was possible by simply adding a source term in the mass conservation equation …”

M. Fürst, S. Sepp, D. Schweigert, M. Otto, K. Stahl Experimental Investigation of Moving Contact Pattern in Helical Planetary Gearboxes S. 569-582

„… of the gearbox. This behavior is influenced by several factors, such as manufacturing and assembly …” „… experimental studies extensively evaluated the behavior and influencing factors on planetary load sharing and …” „… load distribution. Singh [2] derived a physical explanation for the load sharing behavior considering …”

C. M. C. G. Fernandes, J. M. A. Pinto, D. E. P. Gonçalves, A. R. Silva Reduction of root and flank temperature using a hybrid polymer-metal rack S. 1547-1562

„… methods have been explored to improve the wear, friction, and thermal behaviour of polymer gears …” „… mentioned before. Different approaches were tried to improve wear, friction and thermal behaviour. Some of …” „… Nr. 2422, 20231560References [1] K. Mao, W. Li, C. J. J. J. Hooke, and D. Walton, “Friction and wear …”

B. Černe, N. Vukašinović, D. Zorko In-situ experimental methods for measuring tooth meshing displacements and wear during polymer gear tests using a high-speed camera with microscopy optics S. 1563-1580

„… friction [26,27] µ [/] 0.2 Module m [mm] 1 Gear ratio i [/] 1 Number of teeth z1,2 [/] 20 20 Face width b …” „… tooth displacements cannot be measured directly this way. To investigate the mechanical behavior of …” „… wear behavior of polymer based spur gears, Tribology International. 118 (2018) 264–272. https://doi.org …”

C. Herzog, D. Drummer Influence of the injection molding process on the tooth deflection of plastic gears during operation S. 1435-1448

„… operational behavior of the gear set, influences of progressing wear and rising temperatures due to friction …” „… deformation behavior. The design of the shaft-hub connection of the plastic gear, however, significantly …” „… concerned [2].However, there are also some disadvantages due to the characteristic material behavior of …”

A. Drechsel, J. Pellkofer, K. Stahl Transferability of the scuffing load capacity of gear oils determined on spur gears to hypoid gears S. 881-896

„… , Reichert-Friction wear scale, Four-Ball-Fig. 1: Scuffing marks at the drive flank of a hypoid gear [4] VDI-Berichte …” „… between results on simple testing machines and the behavior of the lubricants in tooth contact [5]. Thus …” „… limit scuffing temperature [10]. Additionally, a friction coefficient is required to determine the limit …”

B. van Wissen, L. Pastukhov, F. Mitsuzuka, K. Iwanaga, A. Hasanovic NVH performance of thermoplastic gears: modelling and measuring S. 1389-1402

„… . This polyamide-based grade has, due to its unique composition, excellent wear and friction properties …” „… including first order estimations of predicted NVH behavior 2. Background If we focus only on the noise …” „… were performed at an ambient temperature of 23°C. Due to friction however the local teeth temperature …”

M. Willecke, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher Experimental Investigation of the load carrying capacity of beveloid gears with optimized flank topography S. 125-138

„… contact behavior. The existing meshing conditions result in a point contact on the tooth flank, which …” „… friction losses within the system during operation, an electric motor is employed, ensuring a constant …” „… for intersecting axis would only be a point contact. To reach a better operational behavior therefore …”

M. Vivet, A. Rezayat, J. Verhoogen, K. Kucukcoskun, S. Donders Numerical analysis of bevel gear transmission acoustic emission using a 3D gear contact force model within a multibody system dynamics simulation environment S. 689-702

„… orders, and thus also the tonality. Yet, LTCA approaches only simulate the static behavior of the gear …” „… damping gear contact force, and a Coulomb-based friction force [7].Accurate geometry. A set of procedures …” „… (housing and shafts) has non-negligible effects on the gear pair’s contact behavior. Finally, a fully …”

B.-S. Kim, D. Im, J.-H. Park, W.-J. Chung, Y.-J. Park Development of Optimal Design Program for Macro-Geometry of Planetary Gear Set using Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm S. 1181-1194

„… load dependent loss and load independent loss. Each loss is calculated through the behavior of gears …” „… mesh friction loss was calculated as follows through the method defined in AGMA 6123 [10]. 𝑃 𝑃 𝑃 𝑁 …”

E. Virtanen, M. Kanerva, G. Szanti Fatigue testing of large sized bevel gears S. 897-906

„… friction in the contact and the soft bronze wearing out instead of the steel part of the shaft – this …” „… removed the fretting failure and improved the wear behavior of the shafts themselves by concentrating most …”

A. Wallinger, R. Vonderschmidt, S. Vonderschmidt Lubricant Free Transmissions for the food industry – A Comparison S. 715-726

„… ; no friction, contactless. Solid lubricants and additives contained in the plastic allow dry running …” „… 20 Nm. Fig. 11: torque behavior of the different types of drives 8 Conclusion Three different …”

M. Rothemund, M. Otto, K. Stahl Applicability of classic analytical calculation approaches for the design of plastic gears S. 1483-1498

„… , such as nonlinear material behavior or temperature dependencies. However, the results of FE …” „… material behavior of thermoplastics, there are numerous dependencies that are not present in steel gears or …” „… temperature Fla °C Flank temperature characteristic µ - Coefficient of friction *aP0 - Tip radius coefficient …”

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Kupplungen und Kupplungssysteme in Antrieben 2021

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2382 2021

Results in this title

D. Groetsch, K. Voelkel, H. Pflaum, K. Stahl Echtzeit-Temperaturberechnung und Temperaturprädiktion nasslaufender Lamellenkupplungen S. 115-128

„… temperature-dependent friction behavior is assumed. The model is validated on a test rig and in a vehicle transmission …” „… strategy. In addition, they show a strong temperature-dependent friction behavior. The model shows a very …” „… Behavior of Innovative Carbon Friction Linings for Wet Multi-Plate Clutches,” Forschung im Ingenieurwesen …”

M. Hoić, B. Škugor, A. Miklik, J. Deur, A. Tissot Experimental characterization and modeling of dry clutch wear with emphasis on fading effect S. 265-278

„… friction [2]. While typically associated with manual transmissions (MT), automated dry clutches have also …” „… features of friction material: the coefficient of friction (COF) [9, 10] and wear [11]; both of which are …” „… even above 450 C̊ [18] depending on friction material and on the clutch operation scenario [19], and …”

K. Völkel, H. Pflaum, K. Stahl Einlaufverhalten nasslaufender Lamellenkupplungen im Schlupfbetrieb S. 59-72

„… start of operation in which the friction behavior can change significantly by adjusting the friction …” „… surfaces. This running-in behavior can strongly depend on the characteristics of the friction system …” „… parameters for slip operation mode. The running-in behavior of clutches with different friction systems is …”

G. Göppert Adaptation of a Wet Clutch Torque Model in Electrified Drivelines S. 333-XIII

„… , setting and especially aging effects of friction partners lead to changes in the torque transfer function …” „… on the simple relation T = m μ r F, comprising the number of friction elements m, friction …” „… constant, the other quantities might change with usage. The effective number m of friction elements is …”

T. Schneider, K. Völkel, H. Pflaum, K. Stahl Einfluss von Vorschädigung auf das Reibungsverhalten nasslaufender Lamellenkupplungen im Dauerschaltbetrieb S. 73-90

„… ] Schneider, T., Voelkel, K., Pflaum, H. u. Stahl, K.: Friction Behavior of Pre-Damaged Wet- Running …” „… Dauerschaltbetrieb Influence of Pre-damage on the Friction Behaviour of Wet-running Multi-plate Clutches in an …” „… [1] Anderson, A. E. u. Knapp, R. A.: Hot spotting in automotive friction systems. Wear 135 (1990) 2 …”

V. Föge, S. Blaschke New semi-dry friction solution for highly integrated active torque-controlled drives S. 103-114

„… New semi-dry friction solution for highly integrated active torque-controlled drives Volker …” „… to reconcile these drastic actions towards efficiency enhancement with constant friction performance …” „… development process from raw materials to the final application within the Miba Friction Division. 1 …”

J. Seiter, C. Acker, T. Cassiani, A. Grossmann, T. Kubicek, S. Morel NVH-optimization for drivetrains of commercial vehicles with a newly slipping absorber S. 181-194

„… to main- and PTO-drivetrain inertia and angular acceleration. A friction between absorber mass and …” „… 30 % to 50 %. This is an effective improvement of the impact behavior of a divided flywheel which is …” „… connection element between absorber mass and drivetrain. The torque limiter is a package of friction and …”

S. Chen, K. Bause, C. Mandel, A. Albers, K. Erdmann Modellierung und Bewertungsansatz für das tribologische Systemverhalten zur Vorhersage der Schaltqualität der Kegelkupplung in elektrifizierten Antriebssträngen S. 145-158

„… relations between design and behavior parameters of the synchronization system in order to predict the …” „… tribological system behaviors. In this way, the system behavior will be predicted already in the early phase …” „… has been assembled. The evaluation approach for system behavior of the synchronization is based on the …”

T. Skubacz, C. Burkhardt, S. Krischke Innovative Schaltelemente für elektrische und hybride Antriebsstränge S. 223-234

„… efficiency for holding and changing the state and low drag and friction losses in both states (open/closed …” „… ). Both solutions are based on a bistable behavior ("stable state") and require no actuation force in …” „… to be reduced. The use of friction elements instead of positive engagement connections also enables …”

H. Gürbüz, K. Bause, S. Ott, A. Albers Testmethodik zur Verbesserung der Kupplungsdynamik und Reduzierung der Schleppverluste in nasslaufenden Lamellenkupplungen durch Getriebefedern S. 43-58

„… to improve the control and comfort behavior. Furthermore, drag losses in the open state of the …” „… the losses are also required. This paper presents a test methodology to improve the system behavior …” „… springs contribute to the parallel closing of all friction pairs and prevent torque shocks. The presented …”

R. Fehrenbacher, K. Bause, S. Ott, A. Albers Aufbau eines Vorgehensmodells zur Analyse von Haft-Gleit-Übergängen trockenlaufender Friktionspaarungen S. 291-304

„… fundamental importance for the functional performance of dry-running clutches and brakes. The static friction …” „… without any friction partners' relative movement. Understanding the adhesion-sliding transition is the …” „… collectives based on different friction pairings. The measures provide information about the tribology system …”

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Dritev 2022

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2401 2022

Results in this title

M. Hein, S. Prinke, A. Damm, P. Fischer Testing of shift elements – Standardized Methods, State of the Art and Future Challenges S. 73-94

„… function, NVH-behavior or efficiency (i.e. drag torque). Functionality is confirmed by friction …” „… . The NVH-behavior of shift elements is mainly affected by the friction characteristic and the …” „… as well as the wear behavior of the analyzed Friction Systems (FSY). However, there are further …”

P. He, A. Eßer, S. Rinderknecht, M. Schmiedt A Degradation Model of a Wet Friction Clutch based on Theoretical and Experimental Analysis and the Application for a Condition Monitoring Method S. 303-320

„… system behavior of a vibrating powertrain including a friction clutch. The aim is to investigate how the …” „… friction behavior. However, the interaction effect between the material and the ATF degradation cannot be …” „… Equation (9), the friction behavior, including the degradation procedure, can be mathematically described …”

G. Göppert, M. Adrian AI Approach to Wet Friction Torque Model Adaptation S. 321-334

„… AI Approach to Wet Friction Torque Model Adaptation Georg Göppert, Marcel Adrian, Schaeffler …” „… of a friction system plays a central role for example in P2 hybrids to fulfill seamless shifts or …” „… demonstration of feasibility has two aspects. The one aspect is the technical question, if wet friction torque …”

F. Schuchter, M. Schönstein, K. Bause, A. Albers Temperature Modelling of a Dual Clutch with Artificial Neural Networks S. 335-346

„… temperature are the friction power and the cooling behavior. The frictional power is largely determined by the …” „… with a paper friction lining (see Figure 1). Temperature measurements are conducted with a telemetry …” „… friction factor of the clutch. The friction factor is very variable in the friction pairings that are used …”

H. Spånberg Electric Torque Vectoring Disconnect unit, eTVD S. 253-266

„… , meaning the oil is incorporated within the unit. The friction system consists of sintered brass friction …” „… purpose/application. By optimizing the piston size and number of friction discs, the same torque capacity and disc …” „… by applying pressure generated by the BorgWarner Generation VI actuator, on the friction discs. The …”

J. Gindele, U. Franzmann, L. Herdle, A. Pawlenka The Magna 7HDT400 for BMW’s new 48V hybrid drive family S. 1-12

„… , and supply of the cooling oil for the EM. The roller bearings now have friction-reduced sealing …” „… . Finally, using asymmetrical gearing reduces tooth friction losses. Figure 3 illustrates the asymmetrical …” „… gearing. A larger pressure angle reduces specific sliding. This reduces friction in the tooth mesh and …”

A. Eßer, J. Mölleney, S. Rinderknecht Potentials to reduce the Energy Consumption of Electric Vehicles in Urban Traffic S. 133-152

„… dog clutches without friction surfaces, allowing shifting without interruption of traction force …” „… (I-AMT) or a dual-clutch transmission (DCT). The friction clutch(es) and its periphery are cost-intensive …” „… EMs during shifting and simple, low-cost and energy-efficient dog-clutches without friction surfaces …”

Z. Liu, V. Stegmayer, S. Rinderknecht, U. Fechter Multiphase CFD investigation of splash lubrication S. 169-184

„… und dem analyti-schen Ansatz für alle Zahnräder. Abstract To investigate the lubricant behavior and …” „… the right wetting behavior of the gears. At the numerical simulation step, the Navier-Stokes equations …” „… lubricant flow be-havior and the churning loss on the gears are analyzed in three dimensions. Besides the …”

F. Lagier, N. Freund, K. Bause, S. Ott, A. Albers Simulation-based evaluation of high-speed PEEK gears in automotive powertrains and design of a validation environment for high-speed gears S. 223-240

„… and to design a test bench that is able to analyze the behavior of PEEK gears under high turning rates …” „… torque is lowered, the be-havior of polymers as novel automotive gearing materials is not yet …” „… gliding speeds and challenges the gear design in terms of load-carrying capacity, NVH behavior, and …”

S. Cortès, A. Albers, C Dettmann, P. Boche Chassis Dynamometer – a development environment for calibration and validation of vehicle drivetrains in context of RDE legislation? S. 347-364

„… condi-tions, for example the road slope or actual road friction coefficient, it is not possible to repro-duce …” „… accompanied by a significant expansion of the operating range of power-trains, emission behavior and fuel and …” „… control system is essential in order to fully map the recuperation behavior as well. Initial positive …”

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Kupplungen und Kupplungssysteme in Antrieben 2019

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2341 2019

Results in this title

U. Stockinger, K. Völkel, H. Pflaum, K. Stahl, K. Mühlenstrodt, D. Lipinsky, H. F. Arlinghaus Analyse tribologischer Schichten mit der Flugzeit-Sekundärionenmassenspektrometrie (ToF-SIMS) – Additiveinflüsse auf das Reibungsverhalten nasslaufender Lamellenkupplungen S. 197-210

„… Zusammensetzungen der Grenzschichten bei ähnlichem Reibungsverhalten. Abstract The friction behavior of wet …” „… ) were performed to correlate friction behavior and composition of the boundary layer. The friction …” „… behavior was analyzed for paper type friction linings and lubricants of a known composition on the …”

M. Hoic´, B. Škugor, J. Deur, A. Tissot Experimental characterization and modeling of automotive dry clutch friction lining wear – Clutch lifetime prediction S. 25-36

„… vorgestellt. Abstract The paper presents results of experimental characterization of dry clutch friction …” „… . Characterization relates to both run-in effects and stationary wear behavior with respect to various influencing …” „… . 1. Introduction The term dry friction wear encompasses different physical processes. While a …”

T. Klotz, S. Ott, A. Albers Analyse des Schädigungs- und Erholungsverhaltens trockenlaufender Friktionspaarungen S. 37-46

„… . K.: Influence of modified phenolic resins on the fade and recovery behavior of friction materials …” „… . K.: Friction properties of a phenolic resin filled with iron and graphite - Sensitivity to load …” „… , Wear 259 (2005) 7-12, S. 1068– 1078 [5] Rakowski, W. A.: The surface layer of friction plastics, Wear …”

K. Völkel, H. Pflaum, K. Stahl Einflüsse der Stahllamelle auf das Einlaufverhalten von Lamellenkupplungen mit Papierreibbelag S. 231-246

„… Influences of the Steel Plate on the Running-In Behavior of Wet Multi-Plate Clutches with Paper Friction …” „… a result of manufacturing may influence the friction- and running-in behavior. Distinct changes of …” „… the friction behavior can occur and make the actuation of the clutch challenging. This contribution …”

T. Schneider, M. Strebel, H. Pflaum, K. Stahl Spontanschädigungsverhalten von nasslaufenden Lamellenkupplungen mit organischen und metallischen Reibbelägen S. 275-290

„… Reibbelägen Spontaneous damage to wet-running multi-plate clutches with organic and metallic friction …” „… multi-plate clutches with organic and metallic friction materials is reported with regard to spontaneous …” „… reveal that the specific friction loss, which a clutch can bear, increases as the maximum of the …”

H. Lührs, K. Sittig, T. Niendorf Cladded steel for clutch disc carriers – On the formability and wear properties S. 247-260

„… of 2.15 mm were mounted to the cross beam with friction discs as spacer. The disc carrier was …” „… is a major parameter determining the wear behavior, the wear rate for the splined shaft connections …” „… and, thus, the wear behavior of a real clutch is experimentally determined as close as possible based …”

H. Gürbüz, S. Ott, A. Albers Entwicklungsansätze für innovative Hochdrehzahlkupplung in E- Fahrzeugen S. 85-100

„… order to find economic solutions to positively influence the system behavior of the friction clutch …” „… strength and controllability. With the main goal of systematically researching and developing new friction …” „… is quantified. Furthermore, the design of the friction system for fiber composite and Sinter friction …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023419

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Kupplungen und Kupplungssysteme in Antrieben 2017

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2309 2017

Results in this title

G. J. Meingaßner, H. Pflaum, K. Stahl Reibungsverhalten nasslaufender Lamellenkupplungen am Übergang Haftreibung – Gleitreibung S. 159-172

„… Friction Behavior of Wet Multi-Plate Disk Clutches at the Transition from Static to Dynamic Friction …” „… understanding of the friction behavior of disk clutches under microslip conditions as well as the transmittable …” „… static torque without slip. Therefore, basic experimental investigations on the friction behavior under …”

F. Markowsky Echtzeit-Analyse des Trennverhaltens von Lamellenkupplungen – Einfluss auf die Systemfunktion und dessen Reproduzierbarkeit S. 125-134

„… wet running friction systems has set itself the goal of presenting the interaction of the …” „… . In addition to the in the industry already established high performance friction test rigs, Miba has …” „… the exact position of wet running friction lamellas in real time is explained. In particular …”

K. Völkel, F. Wohlleber, H. Pflaum, K. Stahl Kühlverhalten nasslaufender Lamellenkupplungen in neuen Anwendungen S. 215-226

„… household. Thus, insight into the thermal behavior is crucial not only in the friction phase but also in …” „… multi-disk clutches, beside optimization of friction lining and lubricants, new groove arrangements are …” „… friction and the cooling phase of the load spectrum is determined for various clutch sizes, friction …”

C. Schlösser, F. Kohlmann, M. Fister Verteilung der Flächenpressung im Reibspalt – Vorstellung und Anwendung eines neuen Messverfahrens für nasslaufende Anfahrkupplungen S. 241-258

„… processes in the tribological friction gap decisively determine the operating behavior of a wet running …” „… behavior of the friction disc package. Specific knowledge of the surface pressures during the clutch …” „… multi-disc clutch. The measurement of such operating variables allows a detailed view of the friction …”

F. Frietsch, B. Wolf Hydraulische Betätigungssysteme für nass laufende Kupplungen – Vorhandene Potentiale nutzen S. 205-214

„… . At the end of the article it is described how to calculate the NVH behavior of a clutch system and …” „… ] BEARINX-online Easy Friction, Berechnungstool, Schaeffler, https://bearinx-onlineeasy-friction …”

P. Mall, A. Krüger, A. Fidlin Automatisierte Schwingungsdämpferkonzipierung für Sportwagen in frühen Entwicklungsphasen S. 417-430

„… : Springer-Verlag 2014 [8] Fidlin, A. u. Mall, Ph.: On the effect of the distributed friction in the arc spring on …” „… the dynamic behavior of the automotive transmission. International Conference on Engineering …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023099

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Gleit- und Wälzlagerungen 2023

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2415 2023

Results in this title

M. Busch Numerical simulation of rotor and gas-film dynamics in Schaeffler’s foil air bearings S. 221-234

„… ]. • The contacts between the foils and the contacts at the bearing shell consider Coulomb friction according to Ref. [25]. This can affect the damping behavior …” „… radial Schaeffler bearing is shown at varying speed and clearance, plot (b) shows the corresponding friction loss. As the speed increases, the hydrodynamic support improves and the film thickness rises almost linearly. However, the behavior depends also on the clearance which has a nonlinear influence. At very small …” „… foil bearing. As can be seen, the friction optimum depends significantly on the clearance, especially if the clearance is very small. The nonlinear influence on the friction behavior can be verified with test‐rig measurements, see Fig. 9. The friction …”

V. Hoffmann, D. Bartel Einfluss der Kranzdicke auf die Gleitlagerung des Rades eines Planetengetriebes S. 163-176

„… planetary rim thickness on the bearing behavior of journal bearings, a new calculation method is applied, in …” „… which the deformation of all components involved is taken into account and the bearing behavior of the …” „… possible mixed friction conditions. It is shown that low calculation times can be achieved with the help of …”

L. Maccioni, F. Concli Flows in Oil-Bath Lubricated Tapered Roller Bearings: CFD Simulations Validated via PIV S. 247-266

„… behaviors within TRBs. The first goal of the present paper is to introduce Computational Fluid Dynamics …” „… appropriate service life through friction reduction and heat removal [1]. On the other hand, the lubricant …” „… flooded conditions, the axial flow in TRBs has very different behavior between high and low speeds, i.e …”

H. Grillenberger Wälzlagergeräuschberechnung – Unterschiedliche Phänomene und deren Simulationsansätze S. 267-278

„… stiffness influences the vibration behavior of the rotary system and thus also the transfer paths and …” „… friction-induced vibrations. Noise simulations are typically performed in the time domain using finite element …” „… , the cage dynamics and the system behavior must be included - in this case, the calculation is …”

O. Atalay, O. Koch, V. Kramer, M. Bartz, S. Goetz, S. Wartzack, B. Schleich Methode zur Berücksichtigung geometrischer Abweichungen bei der Auslegung von Zylinderrollenlagern S. 117-132

„… importance in mechanical engineering due to their precise and low-friction guidance of rotating components at …” „… . 303-312. [15] Liqin, W.; Li, C.; Dehzi, Z.; Le, G.: Nonlinear Dynamics Behaviors of a Rotor Roller …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024157

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