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DRITEV – Drivetrain for Vehicles 2021

VDI-Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2381 2021

Results in this title

S. Hönicke, K.-F. Wittwer, J. Liebold High-voltage composite test bench for component testing of battery-electric vehicles S. 395-398

„… „Road-to-Rig-Strategie“ bezeichnet. High-voltage composite test bench for component testing of battery-electric …” „… vehicles High-voltage component test of battery electric vehicles? Only in a system context! Sven Hönicke …” „… high-voltage compound test bench that allows all relevant components to be tested before they are integrated …”

D. Morgenweck, M. Großmann, W. Fakler, M. Lamke, F. Bitzer ZF E-Mobility Software Functions for Commercial Vehicles S. 703-718

„… distribution of all high voltage components and the EV-Gearbox controls the transmission. All components are …” „… software and controlled HV components. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2381, 2021 713 to the vehicle’s high voltage …” „… schematic overview of the vehicle. The positions of the aforementioned high voltage components are marked …”

N. Mueller Electrification of heavy commercial vehicles from the perspective of a bodybuilder S. 555-560

„… available system voltage does not match the supply of the existing electrical or electronic components. A …” „… power requirements for rotating the drum while driving is 15 - 20 kW. Much higher power is required …” „… motor powered by a DC source such as a battery. This setup of the aforementioned components creates a …”

B. Krüger, G. Filomeno, D. Dennin, P. Tenberge Holistic Design of All-Wheel Drive Electric Powertrains Using a Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm S. 377-394

„… . In this investigation, the voltage level and the component temperature are assumed to be constant …” „… optimization parameters related to the EM are the nominal power, the voltage level, the nominal speed and the …” „… BEVs towards maximum performance, performance reproducibility, high energy efficiency and low …”

A. Bagh, D. Magnor, J. Kneiber, F. Löhe eTransport – Application of axle-integrated e-drive in urban LCV and MD trucks S. 637-652

„… high-voltage battery from direct to alternating current by power electronics on the one hand and driving a …” „… wheel of Tmax = 3,290 Nm. The system voltage amounts to UDC = 400 V and two high voltage batteries …” „… characterized by compact design, high power density, improved manoeuvrability as well as payload neutral …”

R. Kockisch, J. Müller, Erik Schneider Modular transmission systems for future BEV platform applications S. 11-22

„… be promoted and allow spending higher component costs therefore. In our case, this will be possible …” „… are required to cover an entire vehicle fleet with a minimum of system components. 1. INTRODUCTION …” „… powertrain configuration for a certain vehicle fleet with high modularity and VDI-Berichte Nr. 2381, 2021 11 …”

J. Shutty, A. Moser, D. Gajowski Analysis of propulsion system architectures across vehicle segments and markets S. 23-34

„… impacts the total drive cycle energy by 0.5%. For high voltage SiC based PE, this effect is even smaller …” „… these larger categories are multiple configuration options. These include voltage level (48V, 400V …” „… (eMotors, thermal systems, power electronics, battery systems, control systems, engine components …”

K. Hirano E-Axle with multi driving modes for BEV & Mild HEV P4 – The 3 in 1 e-Axle for EV requiring a wide range of driving force S. 229-240

„… conducted. Expansion to commercial vehicles and sports cars requiring higher output under high voltage …” „… consumption and high driving performance at the same time, together with an improvement of vehicle …” „… possible. In other words, a package design with lower power consumption, higher driving performance, and …”

C. Schörghuber, M. Ortner, J. Pell, S. Pretsch Holistic system design and operation of a fuel cell truck based on an innovative energy management S. 685-700

„… cooling system. All systems have to operate together in an optimal way which is controlled on high level …” „… by the energy management. Due to the special properties of the components and the limited …” „… addition to the zero emission target, the powertrain must be operated with highest efficiencies. Important …”

T. Kaufhold, F. Schneider, O. Groneberg, A. Moser Modular Starting and Damping System integrated in 48V Hybrid Architectures – Efficient Starting System for Hybrid Vehicle Architectures S. 347-360

„… in comparison to High-Voltage (HV) applications, [1]. In addition, the pure electric driving range …” „… and high-voltage hybrid systems, in combination with a PES are discussed. 1.1. ICE Starting …” „… comfortable start High efficiency and low mechanical losses 1.2. PES Introduction The permanently …”

C. Schmidt, H. Dhejne, J. Karlsson High Efficient 2 speed e-Axle – Highly efficient and shiftable under load S. 145-158

„… a state of the art SiC inverter. The system voltage of the e-drive is 800V. The higher voltage is …” „… High Efficient 2 speed e-Axle Highly efficient and shiftable under load Christian Schmidt …” „… , Sweden ABSTRACT: The vehicle architectures for SUV and LD-BEV’s come with higher performance …”

P. Geskes, J. Treier, M. Moser MAHLE 48V Battery for Truck applications S. 581-592

„… wise advantages in comparison to high-voltage applications. Their lower voltage, however, means that …” „… the expected currents are extremely high. MAHLE provides a modular 48-volt mild hybrid drive system …” „… system or can be fed back to the powertrain under high loads. Braking energy can be stored temporarily …”

D. Lechleitner, M. Hofstetter, M. Hirz, C. Gsenger, K. Huber Parking Lock Integration for Electric Axle Drives by Multi-Objective Design Optimization S. 303-318

„… ) c) d) VDI-Berichte Nr. 2381, 2021 305 and thus impose high loads on the mechanical components (e.g …” „… velocities and while driving downhill, VDI-Berichte Nr. 2381, 2021 303 leading to high loads on the e-drive …” „… components. These loads depend on the mounting position of the parking lock and have to be considered in the …”

G. Gao, D. Schöneberger, S. Rinderknecht Development of an innovative and modular test bench to analyse gear shifts in electrified powertrains S. 415-436

„… powertrains Design approach, realization and use cases of the component test bench Guanlin Gao, M.Sc …” „… . In addition to the model-based development and optimization of powertrains or its components …” „… bench components and sensors, as well as the control of the unit under test. In addition, the test …”

S. Kaimer Power to the Wheels – Challenges and Benefits of Electrified AWD for EVs and Hybrid vehicles S. 117-124

„… . High voltage ‘mid’ and ‘high’ axle drives will improve dynamics and CO2 reduction further, the high …” „… components. In addition to lower costs for the OEM, this approach allows for offering end customer-specific …” „… voltage ‘TV’ drive allowing for active torque vectoring between the rear wheels. In principle, there …”

J. De Landtsheere TREMEC HYbrid DRive Axle – HYDRA – Hybridization enables RWD dynamics in a FWD car S. 125-144

„… towards a performance-oriented application. The high voltage e-machine is a permanent magnet, radial flux …” „… leading manufacturer in the North American market for manual transmissions for high performance passenger …” „… high performance DCT’s in recent years, with applications in C8 Corvette, Ford Mustang GT500 and …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XVI

„… Testing High-voltage composite test bench for component testing of battery-electric vehicles …” „… components for hybrids and e-drives Simulation and AI-supported design in development Plenary speeches …” „… conventional and electrifi ed drives Latest test methods for the validation of components Expectations of the …”

G. Brudeli, B. Vestgård, S. Bjørkgård, L. Bjørkhaug Sustainable drivetrain architecture for hybrid and electric trucks S. 567-580

„… up from: base chassis which is same for all 3 variants, the driveline and the high voltage battery …” „… Investment and operating cost for various drivelines Base chassis (no driveline) Driveline High voltage battery Total cost/km VDI-Berichte Nr. 2381 …” „… still at high cost. The BGM modular hybrid aims at making a scalable, affordable, and fuelefficient …”

F. Langhammer, A. Kappes, A. Viehmann, S. Rinderknecht Novel “Two-Drive-Transmission for Long-Range” Powertrain: Ecology and Efficiency meet Driving Comfort S. 207-228

„… high voltage applications, the power of the drive units and also the number of totally available …” „… require large battery capacities of more than 70 kWh. These high capacities have a high energy …” „… requirement in production phase and, due to their large mass, lead to a higher electrical energy consumption …”

W. Sackl Sustainable Powertrain Solutions – the new role of the powertrain at Magna S. 1-10

„… systems for 48V and High Voltage applications. These 3 blue building blocks are the core elements of …” „… are reduced. Main functions are increasingly tied to high level software and controls – following …” „… and individualized. This means electric powertrains will need to have a high level of hardware …”

S. Idler, C. Bünder Scaling the functionality of a DCT-based DHD to segmentspecific requirements – The new high torque DHD Plus S. 241-254

„… (HDT) 7HDT300/400 and ends up at high voltage hybrid powertrains with a dedicated hybrid drive (DHD …” „… dualclutch transmissions as well as 48V and high-voltage variants: this family approach allows for a smart …” „… Scaling the functionality of a DCT-based DHD to segmentspecific requirements The new high torque …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023815

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OPE Journal

Browse Volumes: OPE Journal

OPE Volume 12 (2022) Issue 40 ISSN Online: 2366-8040

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Peter Andersson Ersman, Jessica Åhlin, Kathrin Freitag, Marie Nilsson, Ulrika Boda, Robert Brooke, Valerio Beni, Mats Sandberg Versatility of screen printed electrochromic displays on flexible susbstrates S. 12-14

„… thickness, are an additional advantage of electrolyte-based components.A convenient material Poly(3,4 …” „… aiding simplified manufacturing processes for a variety of printed electronic components and systems with …” „… components, to create a functional system, often increases the number of layers and materi-als that need to …”

doi.org/10.51202/2366-8040-2022-40

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ELIV-MarketPlace 2022

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2405 2022

Results in this title

A. Berger An Advanced High-Efficiency Inverter with High Switching Frequencies to Improve Powertrain Efficiency and Performance S. 85-98

„… )• Aging of the componentsDevelopment of unique in-house feedback sensorsLower computational burdenHigh …” „… overshoot protects devices, reduces ringing significantly, go to higher voltage with 1200V devices (i.e …” „… An Advanced High-Efficiency Inverter with High Switching Frequencies to Improve Powertrain …”

S. Suo Future of Electrified Powertrain in the era of Software Defined Vehicles and Service Oriented Architecture S. 79-84

„… applicationsTo achieve the benefits, EV Power system requires consolidation of high voltage power electronics …” „… Computer Unit (CCU)Vehicle Level Power & Energy Management Controls SW ComponentsEV Power Transfer …” „… Component/ECUs in Electrified Powertrain systemBMS: Battery Management SystemInverter: E-Drive Traction …”

Manuel Gärtner, Nadia Lecci New STi2GaNTM technology for ultra-fast switching automotive applications S. 121-132

„… loop stray inductancecauses higher voltage spikes and limits switching speedLower switching lossesLower …” „… 123Gallium Nitride (GaN) technology 3GaN vs Silicon:• Higher critical electrical field• Higher …” „… • Higher power density• Higher operating frequency• Enabling system miniaturizationSTi2GaN Solutions enable …”

M. Raimann New GaN based DC-DC converter concept for future fuel cell and charging applications S. 331-338

„… Raimann, ZF Friedrichshafen AG, Friedrichshafen Abstract High voltage to high voltage (HV-HV) DC-DC …” „… passenger cars high power density requirements and low cost are a major driver for innovation. For …” „… commercial vehicles higher efficiency of the converter enables lower total cost of ownership (TCO) in typical …”

Florian Pampel, M. Stapelbroek, I. Hazanavicius Tailored battery systems for entry level up to high performance applications Challenges in battery development S. 99-108

„… the highest package efficiency.Source: FEVVehicle integrationComponentChassis + battery …” „… Tailored battery systems for entry level up to high performance applicationsChallenges in battery …” „… meet the high safety requirements for use in partially or fully automated vehicles. Battery systems …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024058

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Drivetrain Solutions for Commercial Vehicles

VDI Wissensform GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2421 2023

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T. Jonsson, S. Balaji, G. Sivaraman, V. Ravindran, J. Engström Effects of PWM on losses and comparison of calculation approaches S. 47-58

„… distorted modulated voltage due to switching, contains within itself higher-order time harmonics in addition …” „… voltage input contributes to higher losses in comparison to sinusoidal input. The harmonic content in the …” „… voltage drives harmonic currents and associated fluxes in the electric machine, leading to higher losses …”

L. Vassieux, A Diop Valeo hybrid solutions for Commercial Vehicle – 48V and HV hybrid solution S. 93-108

„… . This presentation is focused on two optimized architectures for hybrid trucks: 48V and High Voltage …” „… consequence, to increase the drivetrain efficiency. In addition, the High Voltage solution allows zero …” „… the coasting phase (Eco-Roll). The second level is the High Voltage P2.5 & P3 (Figure 2) concept with …”

G. Wiche Voith Central Drive Concept for HD Trucks S. 181-190

„… , Voith has developed a high-voltage drive system in a modular approach tailored to the drivability of HD …” „… comprises three main components: the high-speed EVO motor, the Future Inverter Platform (FIP), and the …” „… purpose vehicle platform. The main components of the developed powertrain are 1) a four-speed AMT with …”

M. Eisele, M. Kohler Modular Electric Driveline Platform for Commercial Vehicles – Central Drives and Electric Axles Built up From Standardized and Scalable Components S. 37-46

„… Built up From Standardized and Scalable Components Markus Eisele, Markus Kohler, ZF Group …” „… the electric axle. They are more suitable for standard truck applications with high volumes, where a …” „… applications matrix, where the effort for e-axle integration might be too high. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2421, 202338 …”

M. Trahand Drivetrain architectures and vehicle integration: The evolution and advantages of in-wheel propulsion for heavy-duty commercial vehicles S. 123-134

„… to maintain high-voltage systems. In North America, many fleets also feature refrigerated trailers …” „… compact, is managing the higher risks of over-heating motors and the complexity of managing high voltage …” „… innovations in development include in-wheel motors for assets and routes with high energy demand, along with …”

H. Heimes, A. Kampker, M. Kehrer, S. Hagedorn, P. Euchner Packaging concepts for fuel cell commercial vehicles – From practical to application-oriented designs S. 13-28

„… , and its powertrain are shown. Fig. 3: The eActros and its powertrain [5] The high voltage battery …” „… M.Sc., Chair of Production Engineering of E-Mobility Components (PEM) of RWTH Aachen Zusammenfassung …” „… components, known as "Packaging." Initially, manufacturers used "Conversion Design" to leverage existing …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024218

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Dritev – Drivetrain For Vehicles 2019

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2354 2019

Results in this title

M. Bahne, A. Wiesebrock Flexible oil management for dual-clutch transmissions S. I-447-I-454

„… even more obvious: Within one vehicle platform, the whole range from 48-V to high voltage hybrid drives …” „… component-specific data. Today´s prediction model accuracy is quite precise, because there is comprehensive …” „… approach ensures safety margins for use cases like regular trailer operation, high heat, humidity …”

J. Grabowski, A. Colognese 48V to 12V Converters for xEV Applications – Managing the headaches of dual voltage automotive architectures S. II-45-II-54

„… produce the power required for the many hybrid features, a higher voltage battery system is required. The …” „… 48V battery provides the higher power required while still maintaining a safe-to-handle voltage …” „… withstanding high transient voltages (up to 60V in some cases). In order to address the problem, three …”

B. Müller, C. Angrick, M. Fritz New concepts for electrical drive trains for high power density S. II-55-II-66

„… high-voltage drives with regards to the installation space and electric output. Fig. 6: Example of a …” „… high-voltage technology), it has been shown that a targeted approach is able to cover a very broad application …” „… New concepts for electrical drive trains for high power density Bruno Müller, Carsten Angrick …”

M. Elshaer, C. Chen Wide-Band-Gap (WBG) power semiconductor switches for automotive HV battery chargers – Opportunities & challenges S. II-1-II-14

„… effect transistor (MOSFET) has been a key component in high voltage and high frequency switching power …” „… . Tihanyi, and H. Weber, “A new generation of high voltage MOSFETs breaks the limit line of silicon,” in …” „… technology for high voltage power MOSFETs,” in Proc. 12th Int. Symp. Power Semiconductor Device ICs, 2000 …”

M. Kruse, H. Decker, Sebastian Eulert Optimisation of electric motor acoustics of a hybrid dual clutch gearbox using virtual methods S. II-111-II-124

„… acoustic functions in the inverter, which apart from torque-forming voltage components of the inverter …” „… AG Group Components, Kassel Zusammenfassung Das von der Audi AG und Volkswagen AG Komponente …” „… Components, has been used since 2018 in the A6 and Q5 model series from Audi. In addition to the demands on …”

H. Schäfer System impacts to the electrical drive by using SIC-power semiconductors S. II-15-II-28

„… advantages like, higher reverse voltages, higher switching frequencies, lower switching – and conducting …” „… SIC-module is much lower. But the voltage drop related to the nominal current is higher. Besides the lower …” „… switching losses the high board thermal capacity of the SIC-components is also a further advantages …”

M. Stulrajter, M. Pacha Challenges of sensorless high-speed drives with PM motors S. II-29-II-44

„… signal is applied on the high-side switches and back-EMF voltage has to be sampled during the PWM …” „… Challenges of sensorless high-speed drives with PM motors Ing. Marek Stulrajter, Ph.D, Ing …” „… high speed area, and to introduce tips and tricks how to extend the speed operating range. 1 …”

P. Lück, K. Bennewitz, J. Tousen Volkswagen’s electric drivetrains of the new modular e-drive kit (MEB) S. I-515-I-530

„… with a flat high-voltage battery built into the floor, the electric drive with power inverter and …” „… systematically intermeshed. The high-voltage battery, a high-performance lithium-ion system, is located into the …” „… maximum rotational speed of 16,000 rpm. The PSM is a system component with a high power density and high …”

A. Kinigadner, T. Biermann Schaeffler eAxle family – future solutions for the electric drivetrain S. I-567-II-VIII

„… a look at high-voltage electric machines here. In addition to the different types of asynchronous …” „… aufweisen. Abstract Electrified cars are expected to reach high quantities during the current decade …” „… system-oriented approach. Future system concepts have a high degree of mechanical, electrical, and electronic …”

A. Alkan Human/machine readable language representation method in HEV drivetrain testing S. II-125-II-140

„… tested by HEV system test: High Voltage Drivetrain: Electric Drive includes the motor for hybrid and …” „… supplies both the electric motor as well as the high voltage battery with electricity. [1] Fig. 1 …” „… : High Voltage Drivetrain [1] Power Electronics: includes an inverter and a DC/DC converter. The …”

C. Möser, T. Märkle, K. Hornung Effective acoustic development of electrified powertrains – Combination of simulation and evaluation methods S. I-329-I-348

„… ]. Nevertheless, high-voltage electrification imposes new demands (see first chapter) on the adopted components …” „… high-voltage electrification. Powertrain Acoustics Development, as part of Audi’s Overall Vehicle Development …” „… tronic dual-clutch gearbox featuring a high-voltage electric motor, which Audi uses for plug-in hybrid …”

T. Pullen Integrated eDrive system for various performance classes S. I-287-I-294

„… . While keeping the interface architecture, a high voltage separator module adjusts the connection to …” „… ratio and a high volumetric power density. Due to the smart and optimized GKN design a scalability of …” „… between the electric motor, high-performance electronics and transmission are consistently transferred to …”

K. von Rueden, C. Danzer, J. Liebold, T. Mueller, T. Hirschbeck 1, 2 or 3 – how much it would be? Evaluating the need of multispeed electric drives coming from different perspectives S. I-227-I-254

„… the multispeed drives increase due to the higher number of mechanical components. In the illustrated …” „… individual powertrain components, particularly in hybrid powertrains with high levels of electrification as …” „… complexity of the goals, requirements and boundary conditions are so high that optimization by means of …”

O. Simon, W. Heubner Triple wet clutch module and actuation system, shift cylinders and park lock for modern hybrid transmissions – Architecture and technical description of a triple wet clutch unit and the related active... S. I-471-I-482

„… TWC with CSC, having a connection to an off-line 48 V or high voltage E-motor realized by a gear set …” „… relative to actuation type. The triple clutch module is still connected to a 48V or high voltage E-motor …” „… central power packs, which are generated by their constant high pressure level and leakages in the spool …”

Y. Le Neindre Great Wall Motors’ 2nd generation of Pi4 platform – A high performance PHEV for premium SUV in China S. II-99-II-110

„… Generation) • High voltage Belt Starter Generator, connected to the engine Front End Accessory drive, which …” „… conditions • Add-on of High Voltage PTC (compared to Fuel Heater in previous generation) to enable more …” „… Great Wall Motors’ 2nd Generation of Pi4 Platform A high performance PHEV for Premium SUV in …”

T. Basbous, J. Mortal Electric driveline adaptation from passenger-car application to Light & Medium Truck application – A competitive, efficient, compact and light solution S. III-19-III-28

„… comply with these restrictions, but also commercial vehicles while these have a very high diesel take …” „… electric truck launches, going further towards higher weight categories as seen in Fig. 1. Fig. 1 …” „… high-volume production passenger cars is one way to achieve these cost targets, as opposed to developing …”

P. Janssen, R. Keizer, T. Rosen Optimization of multi-motor electric drive systems – What is the optimum combination in terms of efficiency and cost? S. I-255-I-264

„… used successfully (e.g. by Tesla, Renault). In vehicles in the mid to high-power range also the use of …” „… (Asynchronous Motor) and EESM (Externally Excited Synchronous Motor) are used. In high power and SUV …” „… different components. The measurements were then scaled to the needed levels. The electric motor was scaled …”

M. Özbek, J. Trommer, K. Akiyama, Y. Yamada Nidec next generation electric traction motor S. II-77-II-84

„… for hybrid and electric vehicles. Nidec’s next generation electric traction motor shows a high power …” „… stator slots. This gives a high fill factor of the copper inside the slots as well as low coil ends …” „… round wire windings. Furthermore, the permanent magnet rotor design results in a high efficiency and …”

A. Gehring, M. Beringer, M. Özdemir Overview of stator technologies motors for electro mobility in passcars – The right technology for each application S. II-67-II-76

„… powertrain: From 42V in the beginning of the millennium over high voltage hybrid powertrain without the …” „… stator represents from the cost point of view one of the A- components of an electric traction drive …” „… development of electric motor technologies, amongst others higher efficiency, increased power density and …”

S. Demmerer Efficiency of electric axle drive systems – Potential of multi-speed-drives S. I-279-I-286

„… reduction gearset with a constant ratio. Two-speed transmissions are then in discussion, if higher maximum …” „… speeds and high starting torques should be achieved at the same time. This is often the case for sports …” „… performance demand on the one hand and higher efficiency on the other. E-mobility seams to offer a solution …”

C. Schoerghuber, I. Müller, H. Wiener Dedicated hybrid transmission for commercial vehicle applications – Mechanical layout, system analysis and simulation of a dedicated hybrid transmission for commercial vehicles S. III-29-III-48

„… with overdrive gear ratio (OD-mode) can be selected. If there is a failure within the high voltage …” „… integrated, high-speed e-motors as its drive sources. With the help of a sophisticated but comparatively …” „… simple transmission con- VDI-Berichte Nr. 2354, 2019 29 cept, high efficiencies, low product costs and a …”

A. Viehmann, J.-E. Schleiffer, S. Rinderknecht Evaluation of the dedicated range-extender transmission powertrain concept DE-REX regarding efficiency, costs and complexity – Comparative assessment of electric and hybrid powertrain configurations b... S. I-21-I-48

„… powertrain architecture for BEVs is a combination of one high-power electric motor (EM) with a fixedspeed …” „… gear ratio for high speed operation leads to a reduced launch torque. Therefore, it would be desirable …” „… to choose the gear ratio as high as possible, because then the torque and accordingly the power …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023549

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Testen und Validieren elektrischer Antriebsstränge 2024

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2431 2024

Results in this title

L. Kopp, F. Schmid, J. Molan, T. König, A. Kolluru, E. Hoffmann, M. Kley Evaluation of sensor signals using a normal distribution analysis considering temperature influences S. 65-80

„… too small. After the speed the voltage has the highest peak. The existing fluctuations are a result …” „… width of the distribution. Recorded signalTrend componentSeasonal componentRest component …” „… torque, speed, voltage and current are shown. This innovation forms a good basis for expanding knowledge …”

A. Kremser Berechnung und Messung von Motor- und Umrichterverlusten nach IEC 61800-9-2 ED2/Calculation and measurement of motor and converter losses according to IEC 61800-9-2 ED2 S. 111-120

„… hysteresis component and kW for the eddy current component of the iron losses. The losses due to friction and …” „… . These are eddy current losses because of the high frequencies. When analytically calculating the eddy …” „… current component, the load-independent additional losses according to Richter [3] are taken into account …”

N. Lupsina, K. Aufderklamm, S. Montoro-Almendral, S. Erker, G. von Falck, M. Plettenberg, P. Schiffbänker „Thermal Propagation“ of Battery Systems Challenges and solution proposals S. 141-X

„… HV. High Voltage ISO. International Standards Organization LCO. Lithium Cobalt Oxide LFP. Lithium …” „… systems require proper management of temperature, current load, voltage, and mechanical integrity to avoid …” „… characteristics, were primarily used. However, due to the constant pursuit of achieving higher cell gravimetric …”

M. Zerl, T. Eisenhauer, J. Teigelkötter Systemprüfung von Antrieben mit Stabilitätsbetrachtung der Regelung im gesamten Betriebsbereich System-testing of electrical machines and stabilityexamination of the control-scheme in the entire ope... S. 81-94

„… . Subsequently, the control structure and its individual components are explained. The stability of the …” „… fundamental frequency. Finally, due to instabilities at relatively high speeds, an alternative control …” „… dem Datenerfassungsgerät „Genesis HighSpeed“. Die Stromwandler werden zur Strommessung für die jeweils …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024317

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Dritev 2023

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2420 2023

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L. Roslaniec, T. Hackl Next generation Electric Drive Units with multi-level GaN inverter for highest HV EV performance and efficiency – Comparison of 2-level and 3-level inverter topologies S. 107-114

„… inverters offer benefits such as higher voltages, reduced harmonic losses, and improved NVH characteristics …” „… damping. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2420, 2023 1071. Introduction The advent of high power and high voltage …” „… is state-of-the-art today´s in electrical drive applications with high power and high voltages (e.g …”

A. Kappes, S. Frei, P. Noone, Stephan Rinderknecht Development and Design of a Range Extended four-speed Two-Drive-Powertrain S. 253-280

„… high-voltage applications. IGBTs feature a fixed forward voltage and an additional bulk resistance. MOSFETs on …” „… Concerning the high-voltage system, increasing system efficiency by using higher DC voltage levels is often …” „… , while ohmic losses (e.g. in high-voltage wiring, motor windings, battery cells or semiconductor bulk …”

H. Sandquist, E. Barrientos, S. Klacar Systemized Modular Approach for Electric Drive Unit Family Development S. 89-106

„… of components and at a highest benefit for the customers and OEM.This approach, breaking down generic …” „… sells high-performance N-in-1 E-Drive system products and components (including E-Motor, inverter …” „… density and power density Ultra-high performance and ultra-low loss silicon steel sheet High voltage and …”

L. Bayoux, K.-L. Kimmig, D. Reitz Has the potential in terms of weight, installation space, and function already been exhausted for hybrid transmissions? S. 205-220

„… between the engine and transmission (P1 or P2, fig. 3 ) in the high-voltage version since 2018, and a …” „… . Fig. 3: Hybrid module designs: P2 high-voltage module with integrated torque converter (left); P1 …” „… module for 48 V with integrated power electronics (center); P1 high-voltage module for a dedicated hybrid …”

C. Reumüller, M. Sedlmair, M. Hein, A. Damm Transformation from conventional to electric powertrains Challenges in testing mechatronic shifting systems S. 359-376

„… and component requirements need to be validated first against higher level requirements or user needs …” „… ] because of interferences due to high induced voltages when the coil of the clutch is powered. Following …” „… important for future drivetrains optimized for highest performance, cost or efficiency. HOERBIGER …”

R. Plavullathil, M. Rihn, C. Bridier Marelli’s eAxle family strategy – Agile answer to a moving EV market S. 281-294

„… individual design elements called component kits. Component kits will have design features and interfacing …” „… e-axles, PUNCH will contribute gearbox components and development as well as manufacturing expertise. Up …” „… mechanical components transmitting the torque. In each variant, a certain flexibility will be allowed …”

J. Bonifacio, V. Warth, S. Scharr Optimizing sustainable high-performance e-drives S. 349-358

„… design of a high-performance oil-cooled PMSM-based e-drive system considering these requirements is …” „… high torque density at least means targeting a low system weight to improve the CO2-footprint …” „… . Optimizing sustainable high-performance e-drivesDr.-Ing. Joao Bonifacio, Dr.-Ing. Viktor Warth, Stephan …”

D. Schweigert, B. Morhard, F. Oberneder, L. Pointner-Gabriel, M. Otto, K. Stahl Speed4E: Simulative and Experimental Results on the Vibration Behavior of a High-Speed Planetary Gearbox S. 441-458

„… powertrain with its main components. The high voltage battery, which is not shown, supplies the power …” „… high-speed test gearbox. In traction mode, the power electronic is supplied by an 800 V DC voltage source …” „… can be a result of non-symmetrical voltage characteristics in the windings at high speeds can also not …”

M. Gukelberger Magna’s Dedicated Hybrid Drive DHD Duo – a Platformbased two e-Machine System S. 197-204

„… architectures are expected to have a high market share even beyond 2035/2040. This presentation will focus on …” „… of driving, offering ease of use, instantly available power, and high comfort. A future-oriented …” „… serial driving operation, as well as parallel mode operation at higher speeds. At low engine loads, the …”

S. Ott, A. Braumandl, K. Bause Product-Production-CoDesign of Electric Traction Motors with Model-Based Systems Engineering S. 61-72

„… developments as well as production facilities must be classified as high. Therefore, current research focuses …” „… agile and demand-oriented production system that allows a high degree of variance with regard to the …” „… a high impact on efficiency, sustainability, comfort and availability of the mobility system …”

C. Gürlich, S. Demmerer, M. Winkel, K. Führer Transmission – the most underestimated part of the electric drive – Next generation transmission S. 183-196

„… coaxial reduction gearbox is the company's most compact transmission, specifically designed to handle high …” „… delivering high torque and power while maintaining low fuel consumption. Its single-stage design reduces …” „… ], but at the moment, it does not make sense for high-efficient electric drivetrains. While a two-speed …”

B. Cebulski, S. Mühlbauer, D. Sailer, L. Schmieden, R. Wunderlich, O. Seidler, A. Stiegelmeyr About the benefits of permanent rotor temperature measurement S. 143-152

„… cost reduction. One crucial ingredient to cover the high thermal stress of modern NdFeB magnets is …” „… the time period before derating at high load. That is accomplished by reducing the safety margin that …” „… continues higher power (~6%) can be observed. Software won´t do the job Currently the rotor temperature is …”

R. Fehrenbacher, P. Duck, K. Bause Ways to increase sustainability by expanding product development processes for vehicles using the example of a hybridized automated transmission S. 411-424

„… secondary markets), characterized by simple adaptations of functions, subsystems, and components through …” „… customer with a high comfort level and complicated technical systems, is susceptible to faults due to many …” „… infrastructure in these markets is superficial and inadequate for servicing and maintaining high-tech vehicles. A …”

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ELIV 2023

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2423 2023

Results in this title

B. Budaker Modular High Power DC/DC Platform for FC-Applications S. 711-XVIII

„… side (FC) current and high side (battery) voltage was taken as boundary parameters. b. The customer …” „… fuel cell side and which are integrated in a high-voltage environment with a voltage level of 800 V …” „… main energy converting elements in a hybrid-FC truck are: - Inverter - high-voltage or high …”

T. Hackl, L. Roslaniec Multi-level GaN inverter for highest HV EV performance and efficiency – comparison of 2-level and 3-level inverter topology S. 247-252

„… currents (e.g., photovoltaics inverter). With the trend of higher voltages and power demand in automotive …” „… characteristics and charge density in the channel, operating at high voltages. These characteristics allow the …” „… POWER ELECTRONIC (PE)FilterCTempn, α Power StageHigh voltage batteryAEDU internal control unitHV+V AAUVWE – Motor (EM)HV‐Vehicle control unit 12 …”

A. Hensel, D. Derix, J. Bornwasser Power electronic system technology for future high-power charging systems on highways or large inner-city electric charging stations with several MVA system size S. 235-246

„… choice of semiconductors. This is because the charger must be able to deliver a higher voltage than …” „… offers high flexibility in controlling the output voltage and power, as well as high efficiency over a …” „… Power electronic system technology for future high-power charging systems on highways or large …”

S. Miller, L. Nicoletti A Holistic Approach for Designing a Battery Electric Vehicle Thermal Management System S. 77-90

„… . The dark blue lines represent the electrical domain and are used for the high voltage (HV) connections …” „… between components. The low voltage (LV) components are also connected to the electrical system and are …” „… energy losses occurring in the powertrain, drivetrain, and thermal management components. Subsequently …”

D. Cotterle, M. Hofmann How to Improve EV Battery Cell Quality – Making Test a Competitive Advantage S. 211-222

„… , and batteries are front and centre. Perhaps no component has ever had such a far-reaching impact on …” „… Electrode manufacturing is where the fundamental components of a battery are made from raw materials. This …” „… and connected in a combination of series and parallel circuits to achieve the desired voltage and …”

N. Pfullmann Electrified commercial vehicle trailers – how to turn a conventional trailer into a hybrid vehicle S. 703-710

„… housing the high-voltage battery, the thermal management system as well as all other components like fuses …” „… are replaced by a combination of a generator axle and a high-voltage battery [2] [3]. This not only …” „… support solutions To realise an electrified traction support system not only a high-voltage battery and an …”

L. Li, M. Schlecker, T. Zipper AI-Based Energy Management of Next Generation Architectures S. 391-404

„… example using higher voltage (i.e. 24V, 42V) to reduce the current in the energy network. Starting in the …” „… , and heater, which operate at high voltage (HV, i.e. 400V, 800V). HV and low voltage (LV) board nets …” „… components and subsystems. Furthermore, the integration of electronic fuses (eFuses) and the availability of …”

C. Wilks, J. Roslak New Opportunities with Software Defined Lighting – Appearance drives Emotionalization S. 61-76

„… Functions The approach of a pixel-based display as a component of a signal light enables a high degree of …” „… smartwatch. Based on a high-resolution display, a very flexible hardware platform has been created, which …” „… high-resolution display, a very flexible hardware platform can be created in both applications, which enables an …”

M. Wegener, R. Savelsberg, A. Alberti, G. Cechini, L. Schäfers, K. Badalian, S. Pischinger A Cloud-based Self-Learning Digital Twin Solution for Increasingly Accurate Range Prediction in Battery Electric Vehicles S. 103-112

„… actuation, steering angle, battery voltage and current, auxiliary device’s currents and component …” „… LSTM model is used to predict the auxiliary energy consumption in the high voltage system of the …” „… , dynamic interactions between the EV, its components and their environment are replicated, enabling a more …”

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ELIV 2021

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2384 2021

Results in this title

J. P. Mercier, O. Ploix Modular, standardized, and innovative Power Electronics for Automotive S. 533-544

„… vehicle market should be electrified, with the high-voltage versions (BEV, HEV and PHEV) accounting for …” „… forecasted Market share in Europe VDI-Berichte Nr. 2384, 2021534 In these high-voltage …” „… 's on-board network from the main high voltage battery pack. Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) is usually …”

B. Kleinsteinberg, A. Hohenhovel Towards lead-acid free 12 V power supply for electrified vehicles and highly automated driving functions S. 593-604

„… comparable, with exception of the cranking, to cover the voltage of the components of 12 V board net, such …” „… voltage battery management system (BMS) for connecting and controlling the high voltage battery, will not …” „… wintertime, the battery voltage drops too much of a not fully charged battery or an aged battery and with …”

A. P. Das, K. Thomas, A. Mohan, A. S. Akhil, K. P. Ganesh A Battery Digital Twin framework for Predictive Maintenance and State of Health Estimation of Electric Vehicles S. 579-592

„… circuit consist of different electrical components such as the voltage source, internal resistance and …” „… requirements of the battery management system (BMS) are getting higher and higher, especially in terms of …” „… performance component of an EV is its battery. The electric battery is a merger of chemical, thermal, and …”

M. Bottigheimer, T. Lammle, C. Lammle, V. Schall, A. Wiebelt Wireless Charging for Electric Vehicles with its Boundary Conditions – A Contribution for Market Breakthrough S. 459-474

„… driving inverter. System operation with high efficiency over a wide range of battery voltages and offset …” „… separately. Customer requirements can set higher bars than standards do. 2.1 Laws Laws are the highest …” „… separately. Customer requirements can set higher bars than standards do. 2.1 Laws Laws are the highest …”

K. Renatus, A. Unger, B. Baker, O. Manicke Machine learning approach towards remote diagnostics and repair of electric vehicle charging processes S. 163-174

„… functions, depending on original equipment manufacturers (OEM). The high-voltage (HV) system concept based …” „… than standard control units or even high performance computers can provide, it makes sense to relocate …” „… CAN-Bus, for example, CCS uses low level communication (pulse width modulated voltage signal on control …”

B. Hellenthal, C. Grimm, J. Koch, A. Breckel, M. Tichy An Eco-System for the Development of Automotive Innovation Roadmaps S. 285-294

„… and ranked innovation scenarios. In an innovation scenario, the high-level functional architectures …” „… , requirements and the availability of required components from suppliers are configured in a consistent way …” „… . This includes in particular the information on the future points in time at which certain components …”

J. Langkau, S. Wenz, T. V. Fernandez, L. Pullen, A. Tekavčič, N. Jezeršek, A. Wagner Electric Charge Lid – System components for future charge lid systems S. 475-488

„… a charging experience for the end customer, lighting components, such as high-resolution LED (Light …” „… Electric Charge Lid System components for future charge lid systems Johannes Langkau, Simon …” „… component here is the actuator system, which allows the opening and closing functions. Another is a control …”

S. Alexander, F. Borrelli, M. Pfeifle Real-time Contextual Intelligence Services for Connected Electrified Vehicles S. 509-522

„… , Smart E-Mobility services are the core pillar necessary to achieve high ROI on these massive vehicle …” „… platform investments. They can generate new high-margin recurring revenue streams from both consumers …” „… high-growth digital enterprise and substantially increase the market value of their companies. The biggest …”

D. Mehlig, M. Muller, J. Treier, A. Loges Long distance e-mobility in the trade-off between battery capacity & charging power – Battery immersion cooling as enabler technology? S. 545-562

„… must be adjusted which could result in a bord net voltage of 800 V combined with a high power battery …” „… concepts, efficient silicon carbide inverters and higher bord net voltages. Fig. 1: BEV …” „… electric vehicle platforms with 800V board net voltage to be ready for high power charging. For example …”

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ELIV 2019

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2357 2019

Results in this title

T. Bürger, Kunal Goray, F. Berg, W. Resende Modular DC-DC converter for high-performance fuel-cell systems in trucks and buses S. 189-200

„… few. The interesting components for the High Voltage (HV) integration are the fuel cell stack itself …” „… high voltage of the battery from getting imposed on the lower voltage components of the fuel cell …” „… is the requirement of 800V output voltage in addition to the power level which is 2-3 times higher …”

S. Wagner, F. Wüst, S. Trampert, F. Sehr, A. Middendorf, O. Wittler, M. Schneider-Ramelow Condition monitoring for failure monitoring of power electronic assemblies S. 115-126

„… boundary conditions TSEP sensitivity time resolution influencing variables threshold voltage high ns Tj …” „… ns Tj, dVce/dt, Ic collector-emitter forward voltage very high µs Tj, Ic Concept 1: Measurement …” „… IGBT’s gate. Three high speed comparators monitor the gate voltage. These define the start and two stop …”

T. Grasshoff, O. Tamm Efficiency Advantages of SiC in Electric Drive Train Applications S. 169-176

„… Curtesy of ROHM Semiconductor VDI-Berichte Nr. 2357, 2019170 high di/dt, resulting in voltage overshoot across the chips …” „… . If the current slope is too high, this overvoltage might exceed the maximum blocking voltage, e.g …” „… reaches a level of similar or even higher voltage drop, relative to the value of the collector-emitter …”

F. Graf, S. Baensch, T. Knorr, D. Ellmer, C. Marechal 48 Volt High Power: Electric Drive for Excellent CO2 Emissions & Electric Driving Features S. 153-168

„… reserved for high-voltage solutions. This paper presents a compact design 48V 30kW electric machine …” „… due to 48V as compared to a high-voltage solution. With the help of simulations and vehicle …” „… component Based on these requirements, Continental has developed a ‘48V High Power’ Electric Drive system …”

O. Bitsche 800V Fast Charging is Reality – From the Vision in 2015 to Reality in 2019 S. 529-536

„… , the power electronics for the high voltage components had to be modified, for example the DC/AC …” „… weight of the high voltage system, it was also necessary to increase the voltage level. 2. How we …” „… realized the 800V powertrain High-Voltage - System In order to support the higher voltage level …”

P. Gesner, F. Kirschbaum, F. Landenberger, J. Scheiffele, L. Morawietz, B. Bäker Modeling and identification of electrochemical energy storage for drive train development – Review and evaluation S. 101-114

„… of high-frequency components is the low-pass behavior of electrochemical cells. Impedance …” „… of charge, this paper demonstrates that a simulation of the frequency components in the voltage …” „… electrification of vehicles. Consequently, it is among the higher priorities of many car manufacturers. Modeling …”

P. Griefnow, J. Andert, M. Engels, J. Richenhagen, D. Jolovic Holistic Energy Management of 48V Mild Hybrid Vehicles S. 127-138

„… to pure electric and high-voltage hybrid vehicles, the 48V technology also plays a decisive role in …” „… will be limited in terms of power and energy reserves. The comparison with high-voltage hybrid systems …” „… . Fig. 1: Comparison of the operating ranges of a high-voltage plug-in hybrid (PHEV) and a 48V mild …”

A. Kashyap, A. Gendron-Hansen, D. Sdrulla, B. Odekirk The Transition of EV Applications from Silicon to Silicon Carbide – Helping the power electronics design community overcome reliability challenges for EV applications that use silicon carbide S. 177-188

„… high-power applications [1]. A high blocking voltage, a high current handling due to the drain contact on …” „… high-efficiency DC-DC converters to down-convert the battery voltage to 48 and 12 V. For the traction motor …” „… high-voltage blocking capabilities. Historically, it was intended to check for positive mobile ion penetrating …”

B. Fähnrich, A. Körner Easy Integration of 48V Mild Hybridization by Dual Voltage Battery Management – Realizing CO2 saving potentials by low implementation efforts S. 139-152

„… lower temperatures show higher voltage drops due to higher internal resistances of the cells, but based …” „… highest voltage drop of approximately 0,5V at the BN12 occurs while power system coupling during a …” „… Easy Integration of 48V Mild Hybridization by Dual Voltage Battery Management Realizing CO2 …”

M. Traub, H.-U. Michel Future electric/electronic architecture – Sustainable design of a digital in-vehicle backend infrastructure S. 201-212

„… architecture supports energy-efficient behaviour at system and component level. Fig. 1: The next generation …” „… . Objective: Energy-efficiency The average electrical power requirement (for all voltage levels) should be …” „… functional scope should be striven for. E.g. the goal on low-voltage side for the next generation is at …”

L. Schindele, D. Schütz, F. Heber, P. Sailer, G. Le Hen, N. Müller Future e-mobility and the change in system requirements – The interplay between battery and thermal management for different mobility concepts S. 87-100

„… vehicle usages. Using examples, the temperature management of the high-voltage battery and the interaction …” „… , ...) and thus the requirements of the vehicle components will change considerably. The segment of fleet …” „… component level. Optimizing a vehicle for a specific use case, like for example parcel delivery, will …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-X

„… Europe GmbH, Aachen Easy Integration of 48V Mild Hybridization by Dual Voltage Battery Management …” „… 139 B. Fähnrich, A. Körner, HELLA GmbH & Co. KGaA, Lippstadt 48 Volt High Power: Electric Drive for …” „… , USA Modular DC-DC converter for high-performance fuel-cell systems in trucks and buses …”

M. Kleinkes, W. Pohlmann, C. Wilks Boost Safety & Styling for vehicle lighting – Individualization and new Functionalities S. 551-566

„… . Abstract High Definition Solid State Lightsources (HDSSL) will boost new functionalities such as light on …” „… highly attractive to customers and boost safety & styling significantly. 2. Introduction High …” „… higher number of pixels, higher brightness, with application specific aspect ratio and higher functional …”

F. Rennig, J. Barthel, M. Sanza, D. Tagliavia CAN FD Light – A novel communication bus supporting digitalization and customization of automotive lighting for the broad market S. 567-580

„… achieved without the need for frequency generating external components like crystals due to their high …” „… relevant diagnostic tasks from up to 4096 individual light spots with a high bus bandwidth. It includes …” „… market. On the LED/OLED driver side it is integrated without the need for additional components like …”

A. Schleicher Service-Oriented HPC Communication Standard for Vehicle Lifecycle Management S. 503-518

„… of considerable complexity to be executed within the vehicle. High Performance Controllers/Computers …” „… . Vehicle topologies with multiple HPCs employ Automotive Ethernet for high-bandwidth connectivity between …” „… High-Performance Controllers (HPCs) and Automotive Ethernet (AE). This new technology is not a mere evolution of …”

M. Brunner, H. Adlkofer Hardware matters: how one chip can impact the security of a connected vehicle S. 455-468

„… interconnection. This in turn requires an increasing amount of data to be processed and higher bandwidth for the …” „… security”, complexity in software particularly becomes a security issue since it results in a higher …” „… components and their corresponding functions. That is, a successful (cyber-) attack may impact certain …”

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Commercial Vehicles 2021

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2380 2021

Results in this title

J. Pell, I. Müller, W. Gruber, A. Schilk E/E architecture and operating strategy for fuel-cell trucks – Challenges and solutions for energy- and cost-efficient operation S. 117-134

„… tank(s), a high voltage (HV) battery as secondary energy source and a low voltage (LV) battery, the …” „… specification of the main components different voltage levels within the system are required and have to be …” „… defined accordingly. Generally, a high voltage level for the highpower consumers is aimed to reduce the …”

D. Morgenweck, M. Großmann, W. Fakler, M. Lamke, F. Bitzer ZF E-Mobility products and software for commercial vehicles S. 1-16

„… delivered power of the drive system. ZF-EMS distributes the available power to all high voltage components …” „… restrictions. For MCV or even HCV, a higher voltage level of 650 V to 800 V is desirable due to the higher …” „… high-voltage, low-voltage, and cooling connections. This also makes it easier to integrate the different drive …”

M. Holzer, F.-D. Speck Hybridization of heavy duty trucks – Market analysis and technology for high voltage as well as low voltage solutions S. 33-42

„… Hybridization of Heavy Duty Trucks Market Analysis and Technology for High Voltage as well as …” „… . High voltage hybrids (hybrids, plug-in hybrids) and low voltage hybrids (mild hybrids). Apart from …” „… . After taking into consideration all these aspects, a higher penetration rate of low voltage hybrids …”

H. Ulmer, M. Rothschuh, F. Brinkmann, R. Wascheck, T. Delebinski eDrive & Fuel Cell powertrain systems engineering for commercial vehicles S. 55-72

„… , safety relevant aspects ranging from High-Voltage (HV) safety, to emergency shut-offs of the hydrogen …” „… power split between the FC system and the high voltage battery has to be optimized taking FC …” „… ” will gain importance. High levels of interconnection and the integration of various supplier systems …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-X

„… Concepts, Stuttgart Hybridization of heavy duty trucks – Market analysis and technology for high voltage as …” „… well as low voltage solutions …” „… frame using dynamic and/or strength simulation, virtual iteration and component testing together with …”

L. Heber, J. Schwab, T. Knobelspies Thermoelectric generators for heavy-duty vehicles as an economical waste heat recovery system S. 17-32

„… systems in the form of Thermoelectric Generators (TEG), caused by higher exhaust enthalpies, to further …” „… convert thermal energy directly into higher-value electrical energy. Installed in the exhaust system of …” „… circuitry of the TEM and the design of the electrical components and thus the efficiency of the …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023808

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Dritev – Drivetrain For Vehicles 2018

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2328 2018

Results in this title

T. Gemassmer Approaches to increase efficiency and dynamics of ipmsm traction drives by optimization of control strategies S. II-85-II-102

„… ) (7) Inserting (6) and (7) into the equations for the stator voltage components (4) and (5) yields …” „… with and without voltage reserve have been performed. The measurement data has been acquired by high …” „… voltage reserve reduction occur, as expected, in the regions with higher speeds: The areas with 85 % are …”

B. Chamberlin, E. Gold HEV P2 module concepts for different transmission architectures clutch and e-motor options S. I-441-I-450

„… arrangement. Figure 2: global LV (light vehicle) HV (high voltage) market forecast (data source: IHS …” „… . This typically falls within either a high voltage or low voltage system. Low voltage systems are …” „… and safety complexity of higher voltage / higher power systems. However, still offer a cost effective …”

R. Heckmann Fully automated EOL E-drive testing – Automation and modularity for efficient testing solutions S. II-73-II-84

„… which addresses all the potential risk factors involved in using high voltage components in the test …” „… electrical safety tests carried out. High currents and voltages need to be supplied, transmitted and …” „… electronics, control units, sensors and the high-voltage power supply, all of which use standard, existing …”

K. Bennewitz, A. Mann Powertrain electrification exemplified by the VW Golf S. II-135-II-168

„… low-voltage hybrid system “Engine Off Coasting” (German: “Freilauf Motor Aus”, FMA) to high-voltage electric …” „… incorporation of the high-voltage battery into the existing packaging of the base model. This challenge was …” „… assistance to high-voltage pure electric driving 3.1 Degrees of Electrification Internal combustion …”

I. Andrasec, B. Jeitler AVL’s future hybrid X mode – A modular transmission family concept S. I-211-I-228

„… be used as a conventional AT (Automatic Transmission), a 48 Volt or High Voltage Hybrid up to …” „… high-voltage systems. Here, the industry has established a voltage level of around 400 volts, but higher …” „… voltage levels are being developed also. The electrification components remain approximately the same …”

R. Bredtmann, M. Beck, O. Mühlfeld, K. Olesen, O. Shajarati Robust multi-chip power module for effective integration to automotive powertrains – Danfoss DCM™1000 meets future automotive requirements S. II-1-II-18

„… power module. It makes up a link between the high-voltage DC grid and traction motors’ AC windings …” „… bonding-and-joining technology guarantees a high availability over full vehicles’ lifetime. Its compact form-factor …” „… simplifies integration to different inverter architectures. More electrification – higher power ratings …”

T. Grasshoff, P. Beckedahl Power module packaging technologies for silicon and silicon carbide in automotive applications – challenges and solutions S. II-19-II-30

„… of overvoltage and DC-link voltage is higher than the blocking voltage, the IGBTs will be damaged …” „… dissipated in chips and parasitic components must be spread with high efficiency, which can be achieved by …” „… parasitic inductances cause voltage spikes due to the high di/dt, resulting in voltage overshoot across the …”

R. Savelsberg, P. Griefnow, G. Birmes, A. Sehr Advanced powertrain functions of 48 V hybrid vehicles – Efficient powertrains does not exclude driving pleasure S. I-499-I-516

„… hand, there are the high voltage systems, which certainly bring the greatest benefits, but lead to …” „… technology in the powertrain market. Compared to high-voltage systems, securing the hazards of 48V systems …” „… components directly via the 48 V power net, since losses during conversion from 48 V to 12 V and the higher …”

L. Dedeleit, M. Ayeb, L. Brabetz Short circuit calculation of permanent magnet synchronous machines with comsol multiphysics S. II-197-III-VII

„… high accuracy. The behavior of the machine is then evaluated on the basis of the currents. The steady …” „… , the usual motorization of electric and hybrid vehicles. PMSM are characterized by high power densities …” „… can exceed the voltage limit of the inverter in the event of a fault at speeds above nominal speed …”

M. Werra, A. Ringleb, C. Sieg, F. Küçükay Thermal behavior of 48 V hybrid systems S. I-529-II-VI

„… machine (EM). Applying a voltage level of 48 V combined with high power levels, the necessary cable …” „… all components. The higher the electric machine’s power, the higher the 95 % temperature. The reason …” „… leads to higher temperatures of the EM’s components compared to the PE. In most cases, the losses in …”

A. Schmidt, H.-P. Fleischmann Enhancement of a dual clutch transmission kit – AUDI S tronic – Version for All-Wheel Drive, Increase of Torque and HV Electrification S. I-33-I-48

„… Electrification The fundamental kit design also includes a high-voltage electrified derivative. The greatest …” „… higher torques and load spectra by way of modifications on specific details. An HV electrified version …” „… with a quattro ultra all-wheel drive. 1. Dual Clutch Transmission Kit Modular component or system …”

D. Bauer, M. Alexander Loss-optimized design of a high performance electrical machine for electric and hybrid cars S. II-183-II-196

„… and robust water jacket cooling - Designed for high DC voltages allowing fast charging of battery …” „… analysis of parallel strands in low voltage high speed machines, In: Industrial Electronics, IEEE …” „… resulting component temperatures is investigated. For example, the additional winding losses due to current …”

R. Stehr, A. Götz, M. Ciesek, S. Köpfler, M. Finsterbusch, R. Willeke Future Schaeffler CVT concepts with an innovative actuation system S. I-49-I-64

„… . Innovative Schaeffler components have been successfully contributing towards this goal for decades. Due to …” „… considerable surplus volume flow for most of the time, combined with unnecessarily high system pressure for …” „… components at LuK, make it possible to fine-tune both, the CVT and actuators, as a complete system …”

H. Neurath, L. Frerichs Holistic method to find suitable drivetrain technology and architecture – How available information can be used to reduce development complexity S. III-57-III-70

„… emissions with electric drives. The disadvantage of higher component costs is expected to diminish, due to …” „… be achieved with electric components, for instance, the chance is high that remaining components can …” „… power. The more power a component has to transmit, the higher the expected weight, for instance. That …”

G. Hellenbroich, I. Steinberg, J. Ogrzewalla Powershift capable 2-Speed Electric Drive Unit for Light – Commercial Vehicles with Short Time to Market S. I-229-I-238

„… for battery-electric light commercial vehicles with highway suitability, the spread between high …” „… . Compared to previous generations, there is a clear trend towards higher integration levels and, depending …” „… vehicles such as delivery vans of the 3.5 ton class, there is a high demand for mature electric drive unit …”

F. Mühlfeld, M. Hochrein, N. Schmidt-Winkel, J. Buhl Electrified automated manual transmission (eAMT) – Synergies by combining an electric drive with an automated transmission S. I-197-I-210

„… a high-voltage power supply including auxiliary components was installed. The performance data of …” „… hybridization of the powertrain are measures to achieve this goal. But development and component costs lead to …” „… providing the necessary powertrain concepts and components while managing development costs and necessary …”

F. Leonardi, A. Munoz, L. Guo, F. Liang, M. Degner Electric machine design approaches for electrified powertrains S. II-169-II-182

„… have high torque density, low energy loss over driving cycles, wide constant-power speed-range, and …” „… high performance computing strategy are discussed and examples of coupled electromagnetic and …” „… trade off with other subsystems, achieving VDI-Berichte Nr. 2328, 2018 171 high torque and power …”

P. Maurel, N. Termenon, Philippe Kraemer, I. Sogoba Efficient hybrid clutch actuator S. I-485-I-498

„… transmissions and with low and high voltage Hybrid e-Machines. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2328, 2018496 References [1 …” „… this efficiency depends on how is used the actuator in term of mission profile, performances and high …” „… electromechanical actuator concept, based on field oriented control that can deliver most of this high level …”

A. Dietrich, H. Klampfl “Friction Stir Welding” – Lightweight through manufacturing technology – The path from a concept to revolutionary gearbox manufacturing S. I-385-I-396

„… of Al- housings - not for a traditional mechanical system, but for a High Voltage e-Drive product …” „… anticipate a noticeable increase of fuel consumption by the required additional mechanical components. An …” „… . The design of a product in the automotive industry is highly dependent on the feasibility for high …”

A. Viehmann, R. König, S. Rinderknecht Investigation of gear shifts in a parallel-series hybrid powertrain with dog clutches in a demonstrator vehicle (two-drive-transmission with range-extender, DE-REX) S. I-323-I-346

„… and high voltage (HV) topology was selected in order to meet the vehicle demands. The schematic …” „… powertrain concept offers potentials in terms of a high energy efficiency and that gear shifts can be …” „… fixed gear transmissions of actual electric vehicles. The TDT concepts aim at achieving high overall …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023280

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ELIV 2024

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2441 2024

Results in this title

T. Huck, A. Achtzehn When innovation demand meets E/E architecture Further endeavours into next-gen architectural designs S. 395-406

„… enable a gradual move to 48 volts for those components where higher voltage levels do make a technical …” „… , because for them the alternative shift of components to a high-voltage power supply is not feasible …” „… introduction of an additional 48V voltage level to supply high-power low-voltage loads, (b) redundancy and …”

D. Simon, T. Wenka Battery-Integrated Multilevel Inverter Technology A Highly Integrated Electric Drivetrain Approach and its Technical Implementation in a Distributed Real-Time System S. 467-476

„… high-voltage battery (HV battery). In addition, the semiconductor switches enable dynamic reconfiguration of …” „… automotive industry towards a high integration of components, especially the high integration of functions in …” „… torque) to all the modules in series connection (highest voltage for maximum vehicle speed) and every …”

C. Lankeit, R. Dorociak, M. Teuber, O. Lüdtke, J. Ziethen Automotive eFuses: Challenges of Today and Solutions for the Future S. 517-528

„… , particularly when dealing with high currents that require additional components on the PCB to ensure efficient …” „… , current flow, or voltage fluctuations can indicate failing or already failed components. This analysis can …” „… are widely still considered as component based features. This leads to high variants in hardware and …”

T. van Wijk Integration of chargers and the grid How to Improve the Charging Experience of Your Customers by Better Integration with the Electricity Grid S. 483-490

„… Dutch “Netcode Elektriciteit”) at voltage up to 50kV at a scale from 0 to 1. Typically, the higher the …” „… theSupraharmonic distor5on- Be aware that the voltage is not always a clean 230V 50 Hz. Distor5ons and voltage …” „… , distor5ons and voltage fluctua5ons can result in the current intake of the vehicle to exceed the maximum …”

M. Obstbaum, I. Wior, J. Kasper, P. Vaudrevange, S. Khan, M. Keckeisen, M. Staib, R. Freitag, J. Schneider SpecBook-Copilot – Efficient Formalization of Requirements using Artificial Intelligence in the Development of MB.OS S. 221-232

„… the low voltage power net domain at Mercedes-Benz on component level, with the goal of automatically …” „… implementations. The main challenges in the formalization of requirements are 1) to deal with the high …” „… to the huge number of trainable parameters, creating and running such models cause high computational …”

M. Münzer, S. Zhang, C. Bauer, D. Graovac Boosting vehicle range by mating semiconductor technologies S. 477-482

„… driver for 800V systems in BEVs. To partially compensate lower efficiency of these higher voltage …” „… contribute to higher range as inverter efficiency can be increased. Higher complexity and energy consumption …” „… in manufacturing however have a negative impact on component cost. To limit commercial impact of wide …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024416

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Autonomous Systems 2018

Maria M. Kubek (ed.), Zhong Li (ed.)

Series: Informatik/ Kommunikation

Volume 862 2018

Results in this title

G. Zhang, Z. Wang, Y. Zhang Design, Analysis and Implementation of High-Step-Up Converters in Renewable Energy Systems S. 130

„… lies in lower components stresses only by re-connecting the same components. For a high voltage with …” „… multi-cell or multi-stage, one should choose components with strict parameters with high currents or voltages …” „… cascaded boost converters and traditional n-cell converters with same components and voltage gain, the …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186862105

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Powertrain Systems in Mobile Machines 2022

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2402 2022

Results in this title

R. Morrison, J. Legner Future Electrified Drivetrain for Off-Highway in the 60-80kW Power Range S. 163-170

„… increase in the voltage of the power supply becomes necessary. All high voltage components need to be …” „… using single speed transmissions and low to high voltage electric motors. But when considering the …” „… , a transmission with multiple gears and high voltage electric drives will be required. 2 Vehicle …”

T. Woopen, S. Hammes, S. Bild Solutions for a needs-based range optimization of battery-electric vehicle platforms S. 127-134

„… vehicle’s high voltage DC grid. All listed components from diesel engine to power electron-ics need to be …” „… air-water/glycol-cooler for the high voltage components. As a diesel-engine seems not to be that eco-friendly and …” „… solution. But that fact is opposed by today’s availability of components which results in high system costs …”

W. Breu, L. Reuter HELIOS – A hydrogen-electric operated tractor system S. 95-104

„… . All high voltage components are connected over a power distribution unit (PDU) which also contains the …” „… demands a DCDC converter which covers the whole power range between the two high voltage power sources …” „… high voltage fuses. To drive the tractor, the electric power is lead to an inverter which controls a …”

S. Mutschler eLION: A New Platform Approach for the Electrification of Mobile Machines S. 151-162

„… Together with two customer pilot projects [1,2,3], Bosch Rexroth has launched the high voltage eLION …” „… selection of electric components robustness, scalability and functional safety need to be considered …” „… . Increased requirements to efficiency and noise lead to innovations, both on system and component level. In …”

S. Rinderknecht, S. Foulard, R. Fietzek Resource-efficient dimensioning, usage and maintenance of machine components through AI-based virtual sensors S. 241-XII

„… intro-duced in vehicle components dimensioning, for which an equal or even higher level of reliability …” „… Resource-efficient dimensioning, usage and maintenance of machine components through AI-based …” „… sensors can enable real-time monitoring of machin-ery components. AI-based virtual sensors use data from …”

S. Eichler, C. Guernsey The Wheel Loader of Tomorrow: Proof-of-Concept Vehicle & Learnings from Full-Electric Drivetrain Conversion S. 185-198

„… application, and high volumes of these vehicles VDI-Berichte Nr. 2402, 2022186 are produced every year. By …” „… and worker’s efficiency can be significantly higher than traditional diesel-hydraulic machines …” „… of skills and knowledge is now needed at the OEMs to understand electric components and how to …”

A. Kampker, H. H. Heimes, M. Kehrer, S. Dünnwald, S. Hagedorn, S. Biegler Integration and modularization approaches for fuel cell solutions in commercial vehicles S. 171-184

„… für Production Engineering of E-Mobility Components (PEM) der RWTH Aachen Zusammenfassung Die …” „… offered within the commercial vehicle sector, which, due to its high mile-age, accounts for a larger share …” „… electrification of commercial vehicles is still at its beginning. Especially the required range with a high …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024027

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