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International Conference on Gears 2019

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2355 2019

Results in this title

A. Schiller, T. Beckmann, M. Fratz, T. Seyler, A. Bertz Optical gear measurement: holographic system for 100 % inspection S. 1545-1550

„… Optical gear measurement: Holographic system for 100 % inspection M.Sc. Annelie Schiller, Dr …” „… measurement system uses two sensor heads in order to measure the left and right flank simultaneously (see Fig …” „… evaluated. Fig. 2: Digital holographic measurement system: Two sensors heads using the same laser …”

P. L. Yin, J. H. Wang, C. X. Lu Digital twin of gear measuring center (dtgmc) S. 1521-1532

„… algorithm of coordinate measurement system[17]. PTB also designed a set of standard test data and conducted …” „… gear measurement. Fig.1 is the digital twin system of GMC consisting of DTGMC and physical GMC. DTGMC …” „… is a virtual representation of physical GMC hardware system and its measurement process, which can …”

M. Pillarz, A. von Freyberg, A. Fischer Multisensory measurement of the base circle radius as a fundamental shape parameter of large gears S. 1207-1214

„… bringing the measurement system to the target [5]. Measurement systems such as laser trackers, which are …” „… measurement system. Coordinate measuring machines (CMM) and gear measuring instruments with tactile sensors …” „… angle in the measurement coordinate system (x, y) in dependence of the parameters ( , , , ). The …”

R. Slatter Condition monitoring of gearboxes using magnetoresistive sensors S. 229-244

„… invasive measurement is enabling a number of new techniques. A wide range of mechanical faults can be …” „… , namely the measurement of “Instantaneous Angular Speed” (IAS), “Motor Current Signature Analysis” (MCSA …” „… ) and the direct in-situ measurement of component damage during operation (as opposed to offline …”

A.-K. Wiemann, M. Stein, K. Kniel Temperature influence on involute gear measurements S. 1557-1566

„… ], separated and known systematic errors have to be eliminated by corrections, so that the measurement …” „… measurement is unknown, the measurement uncertainty is much higher because the systematic error derives from …” „… large gear ring measurement standard. β Uncertainty from calibration Systematic error for ΔT = 5 K …”

J. Fechler, S. Oberle, M. Knopfle, V. Merz Improvement of the noise and vibration behavior of an electromechanical brake booster – An integral approach S. 1431-1442

„… system and the system is measured on a so called “blocked force test bench” (Fig. 5). This measurement …” „… and vibration behavior of an innovative electro-mechanical brake booster system. Beginning with a …” „… short explanation of the mechanical and functional system setup it follows the approach and procedure …”

C. Lu, J. Wang, P. Yin Evaluation method of measuring software based on virtual gear measuring center S. 1173-1180

„… the measurement system [1]. The independent test designed for coordinate measuring software is …” „… for Coordinate Measurement Systems. J Res Natl Inst Stand Technology, 100(1995)563-574. [4] Frank …” „… the actual measurement results. The standard data group method (software gauge) can only identify …”

M. R. Mauntz, J. Peuser Deep online oil analysis of dielectric parameters for life time enhancement of industrial gearboxes – Identification of critical operation conditions for reduction of failure rates S. 245-256

„… of liquids and solids, measurement range of the presented sensor system marked in green …” „… continuous measurement with the presented oil sensor system. In Fig. 7 you see the significant difference …” „… oil sensor system by the precise measurement of the electrical conductivity and relative permittivity …”

M. Heider, B. Pinnekamp, A. Beinstingel Planetary gears: modes, noise and modifications application and validation of simulation and experiment S. 57-68

„… knowledge of the elastic and dynamic behavior of the transmission system and the excitation mechanisms of …” „… applied to a practical example with test stand measurements. 2. Gear Mesh Excitation For a …” „… real dynamic system. Noise excitation Noise transmission Noise radiation VDI-Berichte Nr. 2355 …”

B. Brodmann, H. Bodschwinna Scattered light measurement on worm gears with high efficiency requirements S. 1567-1578

„… possible due to the design. Figure 9 shows the measurement setup of the scattered light system, which …” „… ) Schematic structure of the scattered light system for worm measurements Figure 10) Correlation of the …” „… ) obvious. An exact system-theoretical description of the method is provided by Seewig in [15]. 4 …”

M. Fromberger, S. Sendlbeck, M. Rothemund, J. Gotz, M. Otto, K. Stahl Comparing data sources for condition monitoring suitability S. 257-268

„… : Higher-end DAQ system used for tests Fig. 5: Lower-end DAQ systems used for tests Raw Data …” „… available. This work provides an insight on the suitability of different kinds of measurements and sensors …” „… operating point of the system. Fig. 2 shows a transverse section of a spur gear mesh for two meshing …”

J. Neufond, E. Rigaud, J. Perret-Liaudet, A. Carbonelli Influence of tooth profile modifications on the dynamic behavior of a planetary gear set – Experimental investigation and numerical validation for different amplitudes of tooth profile modifications S. 765-776

„… a planetary gear set. Measurements are performed using a specific test bench and are compared with …” „… . The comparisons between numerical results and measurements show that the computational scheme leads to …” „… sets under various operating speeds. Measurements are compared with numerical results obtained from an …”

S. Bill Life extension for gearboxes through predictive maintenance S. 1259-1262

„… time. In Fig. 1 we show exemplary friction measurements in Fuchs Pentosin EG FFL-7A oil with REWITEC …” „… ® added after 20 hours. The measurement was performed at 60°C with load of 1 GPa and rotation speeds of …” „… 424 prm / 339 rpm (20 % slip). VDI-Berichte Nr. 2355, 2019 1259 Fig. 1: Friction measurement in …”

Y. Hawwari, J. Touzet, H. Andre, H. I. Cakar, I. Khelf, L. Alloin Ring gear tooth cracks detected using instantaneous angular speed: wind turbine application S. 1039-1052

„… perfect, the IAS signal is sensitive to a particular error caused by the measurement tool imperfection …” „… for increasing the measurement precision towards the relatively low speed applications such as wind …” „… vibrations [9]. However, that kind of measurement is affected by several original types of noise …”

F. Concli, C. Gorla Dynamic models for planetary gearboxes SHM S. 471-480

„… simulate several operating states by changing the boundary conditions in the system. More in detail, the …” „… conditions. The results obtained have been validated with the measurements on a real gearbox. The frequency …” „… could be very dangerous and leads to catastrophic failure of the whole system, pitting is less …”

E. Maier, T. Lohner, K. Stahl, P. Sperka, M. Hartl Detailed analyses of film thickness and friction in thermoplastic EHL contacts S. 1391-1400

„… University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic VDI-Berichte Nr. 2355, 2019 1391 system behavior. Note …” „… that can deteriorate material properties affecting the tribological system. In highly loaded …” „… configuration. PMMA was used for its transparency needed ball-on-disk film thickness measurements and its …”

M. Ruzek, F. Ville, P. Velex, Y. Marchesse Windage power loss reductions in high-speed gear pairs S. 91-100

„… environment. These formulas were mostly driven by a number of experimental measurements, works of Anderson (2 …” „… the single gear simulation with experimental power loss measurements. Recently, the same author …” „… study of the windage power loss was developed in LaMCoS laboratory (Fig. 1). It enables the measurement …”

D. Park, F. Santini, A. Rezayat, T. Tamarozzi, J. Pavel Experimental and numerical investigation of helical gear transmission error under gear misalignments S. 355-366

„… of the static and dynamic system behavior for comparison with simulation results. However, it is a …” „… challenging task to acquire meaningful data in measurement due to the poor accessibility of the transmission …” „… measurements. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2355, 2019 355 In this study, a gear test rig [1] for the specific purposes to …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XXVI

„… micropitting formed on particle-based parkerized gears 69 R. Saito, K. Matsuo, Hardware System …” „… gearbox typologies: CFD analysis and experimental measurements on a cycloidal gear set …” „… transmission error A methodology for measurement of loaded transmission error of hypoid gear pair with …”

R. Weidig, H. J. Weimar Powertrain NVH improvement with high-performance polymer gears S. 1421-1430

„… system where temperatures range from -40 °C (-233 K) to 150 °C (425 K). The gears in engine systems …” „… contributing to the overall requirements for cost reduction, supporting weight reduction and improving system …” „… conditions. Therefore PEEK gears have been applied to the crankshaft balancing system of a series production …”

C. Natali, A. Rezayat, D. Park, P. Jiranek, T. Tamarozzi Analysis of manufacturing variability on the transmission error of an internal gear pair using a multibody framework S. 1099-1110

„… will be compared to the ones experimentally measured. The system components are modeled by following …” „… in displacement between gears generates system vibrations: TE fluctuations are transmitted to the …” „… entire system. This results in a considerable level of energy loss and causes higher fuel consumption …”

F. Siglmuller, U. Weinberger, J. Gotz, M. Sedlmair, T. Lohner, K. Stahl Scaling of planetary gear stages according to gear loss similarity S. 115-126

„… motor shaft via torque and speed. This allows higher measurement accuracy particularly for systems with …” „… facilities reach the technical limits of space, electrical power, measurement technology and heat …” „… technical limits of space, electrical power, measurement technology and heat dissipation capabilities. When …”

D. Mevissen, C. Lopenhaus, T. Bergs Calculation of mixed friction conditions in large-scale rolling-sliding contacts for different surface structures S. 555-568

„… tribological systems depends mainly on the lubrication conditions during operation. The tribological system of …” „… approach, the results are validated by friction measurements in a disk-on-disk test rig. With the novel …” „… or by the choice of the lubricant. The main purposes of the lubricant are the cooling of the system …”

M. Zapf, J. Klose, F. Zanger, V. Schulze Analysis of process forces and surface topography when manufacturing case-hardened gears by double flanked hard skiving S. 1647-1658

„… tools. In-process force measurements supports the accurate analysis of wear mechanisms of the cemented …” „… stability and tool load. The machining result is quantified by gear measurements and flank roughness. 2 …” „… varying forces from the process create the excitation for oscillation. Thus force measurements are an …”

K. Landet, J. Perret-Liaudet, E. Rigaud, J. Y. Guerder, M. Fraces Experimental study of railway gearbox whining noise S. 79-90

„… the meshing process, by using a specific test bench. The test bench consists of a back to back system …” „… vibroacoustics behaviour of the railway gearboxes. It corresponds to a back to back system fitted with two …” „… system. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2355, 2019 81 Fig. 2: T he back-to-back test bench For experimental …”

M. Solf, C. Lopenhaus, T. Bergs Influence of elastic effects on the grinding force in plunging bevel gear grinding S. 1687-1696

„… deformation of the system. In the work presented, the system elasticity in plunging bevel gear grinding is …” „… system deflects elastically during grinding, the stock is not machined completely [8]. If the theoretical …” „… the tangential force, the measurement of the cutting force was not performed in the following …”

K. Mukaiyama, M. Nakagawa, T. Hirogaki, E. Aoyama Investigation of meshing phenomenon of hypoid gears with different offsets via high response infrared video thermography S. 505-516

„… resolution in temperature measurement have improved owing to the development of infrared sensors, and the …” „… developed. Based on the development of such infrared image measurement technology, we proposed a …” „… VDI-Berichte Nr. 2355, 2019506 3. EXPERIMENT AND ANALYSIS METHOD 3.1 MEASUREMENT OF TOOTH SURFACE TEMPERATURE …”

V. Heuer, D. Bolton Lean heat treatment for distortion control S. 1749-1764

„… the steel-grade of the component. Fig. 2 shows a typical industrial system for the HPGQ-process. The …” „… treatment system for 3D-treatment 3. Lean heat treatment Today’s production philosophy for gear …” „… of moving batches of parts. This One Piece Flow production system (OPF) would realize a continuous …”

A. D. Rauch, C. Wirth An easy-to-use and fast computational model for the prediction of the influence of manufacturing errors on gear transmission error S. 645-656

„… microgeometry modifications on the gear flanks to compensate for the system deformation at high loads and to …” „… measured gear topologies to the order cuts from the NVH measurements, either due to the lack of suitable …” „… noise issues in moderate load ranges need to be correlated with quality measurement protocols, or …”

S. Nowoisky, M. Grzeszkowski, C. Guhmann, J. G. Pelham Monitoring concept study for aerospace power gear box drive train S. 269-286

„… and signals is made to facilitate the selection of a suitable gear monitoring system. Power Gear …” „… it depends on a measurement position close to the bearing. Therefore a WDTU is essential to transfer …” „… system design process resulted in the requirement to monitor the gear train to detect possible gear …”

B. Guilbert, P. Velex, P. Cutuli Hybrid models for the study of gear body dynamic deflections – Gear body modes S. 823-834

„… experimental measurements are presented in [11], which prove that the model is sound and can actually capture …” „… rather large rim over a thin web as illustrated in figure 2. The helical pinion-gear system introduces …” „… observer coordinate system (Doppler Effect [14-15]). Considering a disk with free boundary conditions …”

D. Kurten, A. Kailer Hydrogen embrittlement of oil lubricated contacts S. 681-688

„… hydrogen ion to atomic hydrogen. For the measurement of hydrogen diffusion a three electrode application …” „… samples were degreased with acetone and n-hexane. A detailed description of the measurement procedure can …” „… Control System Bearings," Tribology Letters, vol. 49, pp. 357-370, 2013. [6] D. Kuerten, N. Winzer, A …”

B. van Wissen, M. Kanters, F. Mitsuzuka, K. Iwanaga, Ir. A. Hasanovic Predicting wear for high performance plastic gears S. 1323-1334

„… measurement system from KEYENCE (VR-3200) before and after each test. Wear follows from the difference …” „… application this resolves in statements about the tribological behavior of the system. Extensive testing is …” „… set-up, the Disc-to-Disc setup (D2D). Actual gear measurements on a gear tester are used for validations …”

D. V. Kalinin, J. Y. Temis Influence of tooth profile modification on planetary gear sets dynamic S. 777-784

„… aviation engine drives. The effect of tooth profile modification on the dynamic stresses in the system, as …” „… the analyzing system. The main subsystem of the planetary gear set dynamic model is a hybrid dynamic …” „… planetary gear set To estimate the behavior of the nonlinear system of gears of the planetary mechanism, we …”

B. Karpuschewski, T. Lierse, S. Schulze Inline-deep rolling – a new approach to increase tooth root load capacity S. 1787-1798

„… is necessary to raise the tooth root load capacity. Based on this objective a tool system was …” „… fatigue strength. As a reason for these results, further residual stress measurements in the adjoining …” „… square steel specimen, the prototype of the inline-deep rolling tool system and the tooth root deep …”

P. Schneyer Large ring gear milling technology on universal machines – Philosophy of complete machining concept on a universal machine S. 1603-1618

„… Machine for outer ring gear To 1. Multi-Technology Universal - Machining – Center with pallet system …” „… toothed ring gears in the first case, there is a highly automated and flexible production system for the …” „… plants. The system is designed for these workpieces and achieves extremely high productivity. The …”

M. Trubswetter, M. Otto, K. Stahl Evaluation of gear flank surface structure produced by skiving S. 1799-1812

„… calculated and represented as a gear measurement report. Standard modifications and periodic flank …” „… a2 is chosen to be the origin of the Cartesian coordinate system. 0 0 0 . (3) The …” „… axis directional vector b2 is parallel to the z-direction of the coordinate system: 0 0 1 …”

J. Ahn, C. H. Choi, J. H. Yu, S. C. Kim A study of dynamic behavior of tractor pto driveline to analyze a rattle noise S. 461-470

„… PTO(Power Take-off) system to transmit the engine power to the outside. However, it makes gear rattling …” „… acquired data. As a result, it is discovered that the dynamic characteristics of the system are changed …” „… out their rotational power. The tractor has a power-take-off (PTO) system for extracting the …”

K. Lubke Virtual gauge for splined shaft-hub joints – Quality inspection and assembly of involute splines in the context of Industry 4.0 S. 1497-1508

„… measurement of profiles, helices and pitch points. All available points on the flank surfaces can be …” „… axis of the spline. In contrast to this the measurement is in most cases aligned to the axis of the …” „… is the measurement and evaluation of the runout deviation according to DIN 3960:1987 [11]. The …”

M. Uhlig, C. Pastor Simulation tool-chain for plastic gear design S. 1453-1460

„… system and high dynamic pressure build-up. Bosch developed the electromechanical brake booster iBooster2 …” „… system requirements, such as the load profile of brake maneuvers, service life and environmental …” „… flow factors or real 3D topography measurements. Literature, e. g. [7], describes the theory behind the …”

J. Klose, F. Zanger, V. Schulze Gear skiving of external gears with internally geared tools S. 1579-1590

„… same coordinate system [15]. Therefore, the movement and positions of tool and workpiece are …” „… tools coordinate system. The rake face vector is set on the tip of the tool. The maximum cutting …” „… measurements of workpiece geometry show good agreement with the predicted profiles. The remaining asymmetric …”

A. Carbonelli Transferring knowledge about gear systems to machines in order to improve diagnosis efficiency S. 1065-1076

„… labelled data). In this paper, we discuss the possibilities of diagnosis of geared system from a naive …” „… realistic measurement campaign found on the web thanks to the Prognostics and Health Management (PHM …” „… its whole process oriented by the goal of the analysis: determine whether a given gear system is …”

X. Tian, Y. Wu, J. Han, L. Xia Online estimate and compensation of the gear machining error based on electronic gearbox cross-coupling controller S. 1835-XXVIII

„… nonminimal phase systems," Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement and Control, Transactions of the ASME 114 …” „… of integrated control for multi-axis motion systems. IEEE T Contr Syst T 2003; 11(3): 375–382. [9 …” „… closedloop electronic system to realize the complex coupling axes control [2]. Gear machining precision …”

F. Rudolph, S. Schumann, B. Schlecht Consideration of solid particles in a gear lapping simulation S. 1675-1686

„… simulation or measurement data of an actual gear set. Load data for the considered point in time such as …” „… for different applications. In Archard’s theory, the tribological system consists of two …” „… , however, is dependent on the actual tribological system and needs to be determined experimentally …”

J. Han, Y. Zhu, X. Tian, L. Xia A method of tooth longitudinal modification for internal gearing power honing S. 1725-1738

„… function of on-line measurement. From the above analysis, it can be seen that many gear modification …” „… . The coordinate system Sd and Sh are fixed with the dressing wheel and honing wheel respectively. The …” „… transformation matrix Mhd( d) from coordinate system Sd to Sh determines the direction vector and normal vector …”

H. Aurrekoetxea, I. Ruiz de Ocenda Experimental and theoretical study of load mesh factor for different boundary conditions in wind gearbox planetary stages S. 835-844

„… conditions, such as the number of planets, system flexibility, manufacturing and assembling errors and …” „… tests based on strain gauge measurements. Recorded results are used for simulation model updating in …” „… order to achieve accurate calculation and improved gear system sizing, tolerancing schemes, and torque …”

F. Concli, L. Maccioni, C. Gorla Power loss analysis of different high-power density gearbox typologies: CFD analysis and experimental measurements on a cycloidal gear set S. 101-114

„… experimental measurements on a cycloidal gear set Dr.-Ing. Franco Concli, M.Sc. Lorenzo Maccioni, Free …” „… domain. The solution of the system is performed with a PIMPLE (merged PISO-SIMPLE) algorithm. This …” „… : Measurements and computational fluid dynamics calculations,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part J J. Eng. Tribol …”

B. Schlecht, T. Schulze Improved tooth contact analysis by using virtual gear twins – How helpful is AI for finding best gear design? S. 203-216

„… deviation, which balances around expected value zero, caused by measurement deviation of gears, deviation …” „… open source system was used. However, this may still be the focus for the future. In the following …” „… , however, the programming effort is significantly higher than in the commercial systems, so initially no …”

T. Kleiber DIN Q6 meets DIN Q10 – Need for modern internal gear production S. 415-424

„… / clamping etc. and is not surprising because DIN-quality system does not distinguish between external and …” „… system in the car as shown in Fig. 14 (anechoic chamber/ dedicated measuring equipment) must be done …” „… to costs an effort in gear measurement. Cost effective measurement methods like double or single …”

N. Yildirim, M. Yasar, E. Yildirim, F. Erdogan, B. Karatas Experimental verification of improvements in static and fatigue bending capacity of spur gear tooth via tooth root design optimization S. 959-972

„… compared with non-optimized tooth is further verified by strain measurements at tooth roots of both cases …” „… : single tooth root strain measurements under static load and fatigue life cycles tests under dynamic …” „… gear) is used for static root strain measurements to ease the placement of strain gages in tooth root …”

M. Chapron, Q. Theurillat-Bonjour Tooth contact analysis of non-circular gears with non-involute tooth profiles: Application to horological spur gears S. 925-936

„… geared system aimed at counting the minutes (Figure 4b). The gear stage of interest is non-circular, in …” „… rigid-body angular position of the driving gear (rake, θ1). From the experimental measurements, it can be …” „… transmission system. Secondly, the model is validated by comparing the results provided by the model with the …”

R. Ratnagiri, M. Kato, H. Kuchelka Advances in polyacetal materials for gears S. 1357-1366

„… . 1 for Delrin® 100 measured at room temperature. Simultaneous measurement of small and wide-angle …” „… design process. As an example, a simple plastic gear system is considered next. Only a portion of the …” „… deformation and the current model can capture teeth deformations through the life of the gear system. Fig …”

L. Stocco Complementary strengths of orbitless & planetary drives S. 1485-1496

„… Planetary drive using sound measurements to corroborate the simulated results. In Section 4, a high quality …” „… Planetary and Orbitless drives are simulated side-by-side in a common SimulationX Multi-Body System (MBS …” „… . The associated total system power loss and corresponding efficiency are plotted in Fig. 3. As expected …”

K. Daubach, Manuel Oehler, Bernd Sauer A method to determine local wear of worm gears with highly resolved circumferential backlash curves S. 595-606

„… includes a wear measurement system that uses the causal relation between wear and an increasing …” „… gears with different methods to determine wear can be found. In most cases the measurements do not allow …” „… teeth [2]. In studies of Octrue the backlash is used to determine wear, though measurements are …”

P. Scholzen, C. Lopenhaus, C. Brecher, D. Billenstein, F. Rieg, G. Hammerl Investigation of the influence of elastic gear body structures on the operational behavior of gears S. 785-796

„… gear body is constrained in the hub. The resulting equation system is then solved with an FE solver …” „… into the equation system of the FEA using the perturbed VDI-Berichte Nr. 2355, 2019786 Lagrange method …” „… vector ni(M) becomes 1 in the shown equation system. The diagonal element 1/βgL of the extended …”

D. Iba, I. Moriwaki, H. Noda, H. Inoue, M. Kim Visualization of phase differences between tooth helix deviations using graph theory S. 1191-1198

„… application examples of the graph theory are system analysis of electricity transmission networks, railway …” „… the graph theory. Finally, the proposed method is verified through measurement experiments. 2 …” „… phase characteristic of gears using graph theory. In this paper, the measurement object is a grinding …”

T. Sturmlinger, A. Comak, A. Albers, S. Gerdhenrichs, R. H. Schmitt Methodical analysis and selection of auto identification systems in the gear box manufacturing S. 1509-1520

„… system [2] products and production systems and the development of services and business models in the …” „… process development. Two auto-ID systems, Data-Matrix-Code (DMC) and the Track&Trace Fingerprint System …” „… deploying the method “to find the right Auto-ID system”, different Auto-ID systems and optimized ID label …”

S. Yokoyama A study of gear oil performances contributing to wind turbine lifetime extensions S. 845-856

„… 0.50±0.05 2.3 Method of measuring teeth roughness and shape For the measurement of teeth shape and …” „… roughness using the opposite side of 4 pinion teeth surface 6 times during the measurement shown in Fig. 2 …” „… , whose surface condition is always new in each measurement. As shown in Fig. 3, one method is to …”

J. Pellkofer, M. Hein, K. Stahl, T. Reimann, M. Hombauer New calculation method of the micropitting load carrying capacity of bevel and hypoid gears S. 517-528

„… tribological system consisting of lubrication (base oil and additives) and tooth flank condition (roughness …” „… are mounted on the torsional shaft (5). Prior to the test run the measurement device for the load …” „… systematic variation of the hypoid offset was conducted to determine its impact on the micropitting load …”

H.-J. Dennig, S. Monn, A. Vodermayer Thermoplastic high performance composite gears S. 1279-1290

„… shape measurement. A toothing quality of > 12 could be achieved with fibre-reinforced PEEK gears. CFM …” „… 2-shaft system and with a bush for a 3-shaft system (Figure 5, Figure 6). As a comparison, milled …” „… determined with the two-flank rolling test and with the flank shape measurement. A toothing quality of > 12 …”

C. Boehme, D. Vill, P. Tenberge Extension of the application limits for crossed helical gearboxes by new geometries for smaller sliding paths or smaller contact pressures S. 1299-1310

„… definitions. The x,y,z coordinate system is a global system and is identical to the body coordinate system x1 …” „… centre of wheel 2 against the direction of the z1 axis. The x2-axis completes the body coordinate system …” „… of wheel 2. Coordinates relative to the system 2 are subsequently marked with the index suffix "2 …”

R. Beilicke, L. Bobach, D. Bartel Transient 3D TEHL simulation of spiral bevel gears under mixed friction conditions S. 529-540

„… octoid. Within the Cartesian coordinate system (x‘,y‘,z‘), according to Figliolini and Angeles [5], any …” „… bevel gears [2]. Fig. 3: Line of action and local Cartesian coordinate system of the tooth flank …” „… coordinate system (x’,y’,z’), the meshing of a bevel gear pair can be considered by the movement of the …”

T. Kahnenbley, G. Gravel Gear standards for reliable measurement of noise-causing gears – Quick verification of the measurement precision S. 1813-1822

„… Gear standards for reliable measurement of noise-causing gears Quick verification of the …” „… measurement precision M.Sc. Thies Kahnenbley, Prof. Dr. Günther Gravel, HAW Hamburg, Hamburg …” „… ripple measurement on gear measuring machines. The standard is tested regarding its practicality in …”

K. Smrczkova Wear resistant plastics – Bespoke plastic compounds for plastic gears S. 1345-1356

„… specimen geometry. The measurement works with an antibody which is a needle bearing inner ring [2]. At a …” „… coefficient µ (b) [2] Another result derives of the measurement method is the friction resistance with the …” „… static friction µH is another outcome of the measurement method[ME2]: µH = FH/ FN Static friction is …”

C. M. Illenberger, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Flank load carrying capacity of oil-lubricated high performance plastic gears – Analysis of the pitting development in back-to-back tests S. 1379-1390

„… that the steel pinion drives the plastic test gear. Tooth temperature measurements at different …” „… measurements and the different calculation approaches for the flank surface temperature determination, a …” „… (2006). [4] Blok, H.: Measurement of Temperature Flashes on Gear Teeth under E.P. Conditions …”

B. Gierl, D. Drummer spur gears S. 1367-1378

„… Measurement circle diameter dMgear - 38.148 mm Figure 2: Specimen geometry, steel pinion and polymer gear …” „… the circumscribed gear circumference according to DIN 21773 [20]. These measurements were recorded …” „… Figure 3: Schematic illustration of the gear test bench and measurement quantities [3] For the following …”

N. C. Ecke, A. K. Schlarb, J. Holler, Jan Niedermeyer, P. Klein Thermal simulation of anisotropic PEEK-based tribocomposites S. 1411-1420

„… frictional force as well as the temperature at a measurement spot 1,5 mm above the tribological interface …” „… simulated temperature at the position of the measurement spot described above matched the experimental data …” „… provide an important contribution in increasing the efficiency of technical systems. The compounds used …”

A. Miltenović, M. Banić, V. Miltenović Prediction of heat generation of crossed axis gearbox S. 583-594

„… coupling. The measurement of the output torque was made on transmission with a torque gauge bar via a slip …” „… systems using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Also, it is possible to simulate friction heat …” „… thermo-fluids of gearbox systems, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 2015, 81, pp. 337– 346 [6 …”

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Autonomous Systems 2017

Herwig Unger (ed.), Wolfgang A. Halang (ed.)

Series: Informatik/ Kommunikation

Volume 857 2017

Results in this title

Irina Kaiser, Wolfgang Fengler, Maxi Weichenhain Development of Embedded Systems in the Domain of Measurement Techniques S. 201-214

„… . Fengler, T. Fröhlich: ”Metrologic Reliability of an Information Processing System in the Measurement …” „… 201 Development of Embedded Systems in the Domain of Measurement Techniques Irina Kaiser1, Wolfgang …” „… requirements result from embedded systems and specific measurement technique (such as metrological reliability …”

Gerhard Sartorius Metrology and Machine Learning S. 88-104

„… calculation [7]. 2.2 Measurement System with Interference Sources In modern measuring instruments the …” „… measurement results. For advanced measuring systems of the type presented here, the measured values are needed …” „… measuring errors, type B: systematic measuring errors cause imprecise measurement results. They arise, when …”

Gerhard Sartorius Data Preprocessing and Outlier Detection in Multivariate Data S. 105-140

„… objects is the inclusion of the multivariate measurement data for all occurring measurement systems and …” „… or data from other measurement instruments. The raw data, delivered from these measurement data …” „… the measurement range of an analog-to-digital converter, and which must be sampled with a frequency of …”

Nkiedel Alain Akwir, Muhindo Kule Mutengi A Survey of Traffic Flow Modelling Concepts: Pros and Cons of Traditional Models S. 230-244

„… partial differential equations that can be transformed into a system of conservation laws. 232 Nkiedel …” „… . – Black box: Inductive approach. Input and output data of a system are adjusted in order to fit with the …” „… derive parameters of the model exploiting measurement data for instance. • Scale of application …”

Pongsarun Boonyopakorn, Phayung Meesad Performance Evaluation of an Immune Genetic Algorithm S. 32-64

„… . Chong, and D. F. W. Yap, ”Hybrid Artificial Immune System-Genetic Algorithm optimization based on …” „… System (AIS) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). The novel algorithm called the immune genetic algorithm (IGA …” „… determine the input variables (populations) of the system. In order to illustrate the effectiveness of the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-VI

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 Development of Embedded Systems in the Domain of Measurement Techniques Irina Kaiser, Wolfgang …” „… / Kommunikation Reihe 10 Autonomous Systems 2017 Proceedings of the 10th GI Conference Fortschritt-Berichte …” „… VDI Autonomous Systems 2017 Proceedings of the 10th GI Conference Herwig Unger, Wolfgang A …”

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Drivetrain for Vehicles 2017

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2313 2017

Results in this title

S. Jeschke, M. Maarleveld, J. Bärenfänger EMC of highvolltraction systems- Typical dislurbanca pulses, new measurement setups and their practical realization S. 57-58

„… EMC of Highvolt Traction Systems Typical Disturbance Pulses, new Measurement Setups and their …” „… time of the power transistors used in the inverter result in an increase on the system’s EMI. Thus …” „… shaft currents. Furthermore the effect of current energy efficiency measures on the system’s EMI is …”

K. Kanto, T. Yamada Non-contact profile measurement machine-Better insight into complex gear shapes with dense 3D scans S. 29-30

„… preparation for measurement. However, in this system, there is no need. 2.2 System construction This …” „… best effectiveness of this probe. During the measurement, the system uses all 5 axes for scanning …” „… 30 °C, while maintaining accuracy. The system’s total specification is shown below (Table. 1 …”

G. Goch, Y. Peng, K. Ni, A. Günther Optical and areal measurements and evaluations of cylindrical gears S. 31-32

„… Optical and Areal Measurements and Evaluations of Cylindrical Gears Gert Goch, Yue Peng, Kang …” „… . The direct comparison of optical-areal measurements with conventional tactile measurements, obtained …” „… measurement and evaluation of gear geometric features such as profile, helix and pitch deviations have been …”

M. Ruider, M. Heiartz, J. Winkler Innovative dog clutch actuator with integrated sensor function for 48V ZF hybrid drives S. 129-130

„… functional integration of a “sensorless” positioning measurement method is discussed. The presentation …” „… “sensorless” position measurement method for dog clutch actuators in 48V ZF hybrid drives. Presentation …” „… . Bild 33: Schnittdarstellung des 48V Mild-Hybrid Systems von ZF mit elektromagnetischer Klauenkupplung …”

M. Falco lnfluence of electric drive systems and their control on the NVH behavior of hybrid and electric vehicles S. 141-142

„… practical examples and real measurements. Some solutions and remedial actions are shown to existing …” „… Influence of electric drive systems and their control on the NVH behavior of hybrid and electric …”

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LAND.TECHNIK 2024

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2444 2024

Results in this title

W. Fuchs, G. Jedinger-Pauschenwein Field Path Detection for Tractors Based on Acceleration Measurements and Multibody System Simulations S. 289-296

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024447

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International Conference on Gears 2017

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2294 2017

Results in this title

K. Kanto, T. Yamada, S. Komatsu, J. Morishita, I. Yamaji, A. Kubo Non-contact measurement of 3D tooth flank form accuracy of bevel gears on 5-axis machining center S. 1039-1050

„… X-machine. In this report, we introduce on-machine measurement system for 3D form workpiece. 1 …” „… only high accuracy. Optical measurement system like Laser scanner or fringe scan type measuring …” „… manufactured gear on measuring machine 2. Over view of the “On Machine Measurement System” 2-1. 5X-machine …”

A. Carbonelli, J.-Y. Guerder Computing and minimizing the whining noise – Application to a bogie gearbox S. 517-526

„… . All that procedure is here applied to a complete gearbox bogie, with two stages of meshes. The system …” „… gear system for a given torque has been studied by many authors [4-6]. The computation of the STE …” „… requires a good knowledge of the micro-geometry and of the different flexibilities of the system …”

M. Daffner, M. Otto, K. Stahl Elastic deformation of a hypoid gearbox – Measurements on a static test rig to validate the calculated elastic deformation behavior S. 683-694

„… Elastic deformation of a hypoid gearbox – Measurements on a static test rig to validate the …” „… , bearings and shafts for a hypoid gearbox is validated by measurements at a static test rig. The challenge …” „… of compensating friction effects to get high-quality measurement results is successfully met by the …”

G. Goch, K. Ni, Y. Peng, A. Günther Paradigm change in cylindrical gear metrology using areal measurement and evaluation S. 1025-1038

„… system [3] might need one hour or more of inspection time with a tactile measurement. Moreover, complex …” „… Paradigm change in cylindrical gear metrology using areal measurement and evaluation Gert Goch …” „… measurement of gear flanks requires new mathematical approaches and new software solutions for evaluation …”

A. Furtmann, G. Poll Electrical stress and parasitic currents in machine elements of drive trains with voltage source inverters S. 109-118

„… : Voltages for different systems with and without insulations normal system hybrid bearings in motor …” „… EDM-currents, the electrical capacitances of a system are the most important parameter. In a drive train, all …” „… as the parasitic capacitances in the system form a capacitance voltage divider. If the voltage over …”

C. Peng, C. Li, B. Chen Development of a test rig for transmission performances of precision planetary reducer S. 1127-1132

„… stiffness and larger load capacity. In the torsional stiffness measurement system of the cycloid reducer …” „… mechanism and sensor system. The variation in reducers loading is achieved by serial transmission mechanism …” „… acquisition system. Continuous signal sampling, online data analysis and post data analysis make the system …”

A. Kahraman, H. Ligata Effects of external splines on deformations of ring gears of planetary gear sets S. 341-352

„… out without a need for a slip ring. A measurement system that incorporates measurement and …” „… , respectively. The data collection system designed for the measurements outlined above consists of two …” „… components: (i) The deflection measurement system formed by LVDT probes, a custombuilt probe amplifier …”

D. Strasser, S. Troll, R. Sperlich, J. Münch Reliability safeguarding for an 8 MW wind energy gearbox in serial production – Prototype and process development ensuring stable quality at the highest level S. 1085-1100

„… means of advanced measurement methods, here with a photo based system. For this reason, the gearbox is …” „… validation program on the customer’s system test rig as well as on the prototype turbine. After passing …” „… implementing further alignment functionality like e.g. the double-cardanic sun system. The gear’s aspect ratio …”

T. Saito, K. Miyamoto Traction drive analysis identified with rheological friction property of traction fluid S. 1185-1190

„… Simulation Methodology of Half-toroidal IVT Variator System with Feedback Control,” Dassault Systemes …” „… with experimental data. Since half-toroidal CVT variator system was required to analyze simultaneously …” „… into account. This means that the traction behavior of the variator system cannot be readily predicted …”

J. Champain, S. Dalle, M. Octrue Simultaneous experimental characterization of dynamic transmission error to noise and vibration behavior of a gear system under load S. 953-962

„… transmission error measurement for relatively high rotation speeds requires performant measurement systems …” „… behavior of a gear system under load Jerome Champain, Sebastien Dalle, Michel Octrue, CETIM, France …” „… correlation between Transmission Error and radiated noise emitted by a gear system. The scope is also to …”

M. Hein, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Test method for time-scaled fatigue tests of gear transmission systems S. 1073-1084

„… load spectrum truncation is performed based on a detailed system analysis of the gearbox. Exemplary …” „… economic damage, an efficient determination of the system service life with a high confidence level is …” „… based on a system analysis of the gearbox. Exemplary the gearing itself is investigated, regarding the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XXVII

„… Planetary Gear Systems – Design and Analysis S. Grützner Holistic simulation of gearboxes – system …” „… Q. Yan, transmission system C. Xiang, Y. Li Page Gear Endurance – Micropitting and Tooth Flank …” „… endurance test 243 T. Itagaki, system and basic study on load-carrying characteristics N. Maeda, of …”

Y. Shen, S. Rinderknecht, M. Hoppert General modelling method of power losses in transmission with parameter identification S. 905-916

„… , selected and combined to obtain the resulting efficiency map of a complete gearbox system. This paper …” „… are only deep grove ball bearings in the system. The experiment is conducted by an industry partner …” „… model Figure 4 shows a side-by-side comparison of the delta efficiency maps (measurement vs …”

E. Tanaka, H.-C. Lin Gear diagnostic system using zonal laser beam for practical use S. 845-856

„… Gear Diagnostic System Using Zonal Laser Beam for Practical Use Prof. Eiichiro Tanaka …” „… gear damage diagnostic system by the laser reflection data without using rotary encoder in Raspberry …” „… data. In previous diagnostic system, the rotary encoder is precise and has higher sampling frequency …”

M. Takahashi, T. Itagaki, N. Maeda, H. Takahashi Evaluation of developed micro-gear endurance test system and basic study on load-carrying characteristics of micro-spur-gears S. 243-252

„… Evaluation of developed micro-gear endurance test system and basic study on load-carrying …” „… micro-gear of module 0.2 mm. Furthermore, the performance of the developed micro-gear endurance test system …” „… measurements are the most difficult and timeconsuming factors in this process [2]. Therefore, we developed a …”

V. Angelopoulos, M. Hirsch PM gear rolling simulations using advanced plasticity material model and improved initial conditions S. 1277-1288

„… densified C-PT gear, tolerance measurements were conducted to give a better understanding for the accuracy …” „… (Coordinate Measurement Machine) to extract the coordinates and the data were used to compare with the …” „… deformation simulation results. Moreover, tolerance measurements conducted to understand the level of the …”

D. Iba, S. Futagawa, T. Kamimoto, M. Nakamura, N. Miura, T. Iizuka, A. Masuda, A. Sone, I. Moriwaki Print of crack detection sensor for spur gears by laser sintering of conductive ink S. 869-880

„… project is for developing measurement VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 2017 869 systems of steel gears by …” „… materials for printed sensor structures”, 1st Joint International Symposium on System-Integrated …” „… an important role in this evaluation method. Generally, monitoring methods based on measurement of …”

L. J. Stocco, R. Gloeckner Smashing the efficiency barrier – A practical comparison of planetary and orbitless gear-heads S. 319-330

„… . Efficiency Measurements Efficiency values are derived by intermittently recording the current drawn by the …” „… system PIN is separated into electrical losses PELEC, mechanical losses PMECH, and power delivered to …” „… Equations (7-12) are used to derive gear-head efficiency G in equation (13) and total system efficiency …”

T. Jurkschat, T. Lohner, K. Stahl Improved calculation method for load-dependent gear losses S. 893-904

„… based on a four-bearing test unit and uses a variable-speed drive and loss torque measurement system to …” „… from separate measurements at the FZG bearing power loss test rig. Results of this study are used to …” „… load-dependent gear losses from the experimental results, separate measurements of the bearing losses at the FZG …”

M. Brumm, H. Müller Cyber physical gear production system – Vision of industry 4.0 gear production S. 1209-1218

„… Cyber physical gear production system Vision of Industry 4.0 Gear Production Dr. Markus Brumm …” „… these figures several times into machine controls. The main cause is the heterogeneous system …” „… . It describes a concept for a gear production system called GearEngine what is the fundament for data …”

E. Rigaud, P.-H. Cornuault, B. Bazin, E. Grandais-Menant Prediction of the vibroacoustic response of an electric window-lift gear motor S. 635-648

„… fluctuation associated with STE generates a parametric excitation of the mechanical system [4]. For each of …” „… order of magnitude. These results are in good agreement with the experimental measurements performed …” „… dB). This result is also in good agreement with the experimental measurements. Fig. 4b displays the …”

A. Şorea, F. Buus Bendixen Reluctance magnetic gear – Magnetic gears, no longer toothless S. 615-622

„… a more reliable and robust system. 1. Introduction Ever since their invention by C.G. Armstrong …” „… also acts as a safety system, for example, if a blockage occurs on the driven side, the magnetic gear …” „… adjusted in relation to the housing position. This was done by implementing a system to vary the angle of …”

G. Eitzinger Adaptive coatings on gears for NVH improvement S. 1439-1450

„… measurement of the VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 2017 1439 resulting clearance value. Another possibility to reduce …” „… the running-in period of the system the coating wears off in the overloaded areas thereby adjusting …” „… mechanically the gear clearance. This improves the NVH behavior of the whole system. Further reduction of the …”

J. Fechler, M. Böhm, S. Aberle, V. Merz A contribution to the NVH behavior of plastic gears in automotive applications S. 1531-1540

„… and the surrounding system on the acoustic impression are shown. Beside a correct acoustic design of …” „… the gears and the surrounding system the mass production of plastic gears is a challenge, especially …” „… applications in the car. Seat adjusters, electric parking brakes (EPB), electric power steering system (EPS …”

U. Kissling, M. Stangl The documentation of gearbox reliability – an upcoming demand S. 1051-1062

„… request a system reliability proof from the gearbox manufacturers. The AGMA committee reviewing AGMA 6006 …” „… strength value determined during the measurement of the S-N-curve. In mechanical engineering a safety …” „… component are very handy, it lacks an easy statement about the failure probability of the full system. This …”

M. Ophey, F. Klocke, C. Löpenhaus Approach for modeling grinding worm wear S. 1365-1378

„… wear data. 2. State of the Art Tribological system of grinding The tribological system can be …” „… understood as a system with forced internal interactions between the elements of the system by an externally …” „… Tribological System [10] The stress complex consists of normal force Fn, the relative velocity v between the …”

M. Kanters, B. van Wissen, R. Nickel Relevant tribological testing method for high performance plastic gears S. 1507-1518

„… measurement system from KEYENCE (VR-3200). Fig. 3: a ) The gear tester, located at the DSM Japan Tech …” „… sliding wear. To study specific tribological properties, wear and friction measurements are performed on …” „… and machined afterwards to a final diameter of 49.6 mm. Sliding wear measurements were performed on …”

A. von Freyberg, A. Fischer Automatic geometry segmentation of involute flank regions S. 1015-1024

„… (2-2) within the measurement coordinate system (x, y), the translation vector , and the angle ϕ0 are …” „… the workpiece and the measurement coordinate system was neglected in the simulation. This was assumed …” „… ] Auerswald, M. M.; von Freyberg, A.; Fischer, A.: Optical sensor system for 3D measurements on large gears …”

E. Maier, A. Ziegltrum, T. Lohner, K. Stahl Characterization of TEHL contacts of thermoplastic gears S. 1483-1496

„… region is classified by a system parameter ∈ 0.1,2.2 [8]. Each region features characteristic …” „… semi-analytical approach. In optical interferometry measurements, Marx et al. [4] revealed that film thickness in …” „… lubrication unit with heating and cooling possibilities and a filter system provides lubricant at the …”

H. Yakaria Gear Data Exchange (GDE) – goLive S. 1235-1246

„… geometry data, GDE also allows the exchange of tool, machining process and measurement data. In this way …” „… the implementation of the GDE in the gear measurement application is demonstrated. Fig. 1 …” „… , hard machining and the quality inspection by gear measurement. These single processes can be connected …”

T. Nagumo, M. Ishizuka, Y. Satou, S. Matsumura, H. Houjoh Estimation of loaded static transmission error using vibration measurement under operating conditions in a two-stage helical gear reducer S. 857-868

„… Center distance (mm) 61.5 94.0 Total contact ratio 3.03 2.26 3.2 Vibration measurement system …” „… The vibration measurement system comprises an optical detector for detecting each rotation of the …” „… measurement system The loaded STE measurement system comprises two rotary encoders for detecting the rotation …”

F. Concli, C. Gorla Numerical modeling of the churning power losses of gears: an innovative 3D computational tool suitable for planetary gearbox simulation S. 881-892

„… reliability of the system can benefit of a power loss reduction. Furthermore, the majority of the gearboxes …” „… results impossible to estimate the global efficiency of the system also because the load independent …” „… simulations and measurements [17-18] shows that while for high filling levels, where the viscous contribution …”

J. Neufond, Y. Xu, J. Perret-Liaudet, E. Rigaud The iterative spectral method for computing the planetary gear dynamic response S. 209-218

„… basis computed from the mean characteristics of the system, this method is derived in the frequency …” „… , 2017 211 By considering the free undamped time-averaged system, we can introduce a mean modal basis …” „… In order to simulate and compute the stationary coupled dynamic responses of the transmission system …”

M. Schwenk, J. Hoffmeister, J. Hermes Prediction of local load carrying capacity for gears – a materials science approach S. 989-1002

„… to module 10 mm. Introduction Load-carrying capacity of drive system depends strongly on the …” „… , the methodology of finite differences as before can be applied to derive the equation system to be …” „… results using Aichelin software (left) and from literature [22] (right) 0.9 0.8 Measurements taken …”

T. Utakapan, B. Kohn, M. Fromberger, M. Otto, K. Stahl Evaluation of gear noise behaviour with application force level S. 695-706

„… . Among different development stages, different technical measurements are available to estimate the …” „… excitation behaviour of gear meshes. However, the comparison of the result of these measurement types …” „… evaluation by means of different measurement types. Moreover, the evaluation boundary of this characteristic …”

Y. Cai, L. Yao, Z. Xie, J. Zhang, C. Peng Influence analysis of system parameters on characteristics of the nutation drive with double circular arc spiral bevel gears S. 435-446

„… transmission ratio analysis of single-stage and two-stage nutation drive systems, the system parameters …” „… solid theoretical foundation for the design of nutation drive systems. 2. System parameter …” „… Influence analysis of system parameters on characteristics of the nutation drive with double …”

B. Schlecht, C. Ulrich, J. Bräunig Investigations on the influence of anisotropic material properties of gear teeth on their macroscopic behavior S. 659-668

„… crystals of the grains inside the material, see also [3], two specialized experimental measurement methods …” „… summarizes the previous results on that topic. 2.1 EBSD measurement of the crystal orientation at the …” „… compliance tensors according to VOIGT, REUSS and HILL [3] 3 Comparative measurement of the elastic tooth …”

X. Kai, L. Guolong A compensation method of tooth surface error in continuous generating grinding based on the virtual-axis S. 1153-1160

„… movement error of CNC axes cannot be achieved according to the tooth surface error by measurement, the …” „… point-to-point according to the off-line measurement result, which has the advantages of short trial grinding …” „… itself must be achieved. In this paper, the measurement of trial grinding workpiece will be conducted …”

B. Bauer, R. Hambrecht, A. Kube Thermal analysis and optimization of gearboxes by simulation S. 917-926

„… gearboxes, the thermal power limit tends to become the limiting factor. To achieve a balanced system, the …” „… cooling system. Target of this work is, to elaborate an optimal cooling concept with fan and air guiding …” „… temperature level fits a measurement. This is advantageous if one wants to precisely predict the absolute …”

B. Guilbert, P. Cutuli, P. Velex Hybrid dynamic model of hollow thin-rimmed gears S. 623-634

„… into the system as: M C K (6) with 125.0s and 62.5 10 s ( M and K being the …” „… gear (including its shaft): Case A The system is first operated at very low speed ( 10.01 .rad s on …” „… spur and helical geared systems-experiments and model validation, Journal of mechanical design,124:334 …”

R. Müller, L. Schirmer New tolerance concepts for the realization of steel-only worm gears S. 467-478

„… splitting up the overall system into subsystems. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 2017 469 Tolerance Chains …” „… expensive to realize and sometimes not ideal for the overall system optimum. [8] VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294 …” „… achieve a higher overall system improvement. [9] Fig. 2: From left to right: Shortening of one link …”

E. Chiappetta, D. Morrey Non-standard spur gear tooth profiles for improved epicyclic gear system performance in low speed applications S. 825-834

„… Non-Standard spur gear tooth profiles for improved epicyclic gear system performance in low speed …” „… improvement of the last stage of a multiple stage epicyclic system used to transmit the power from the …” „… gear system was designed in such a way that only the sun, planet and annulus were changed, whilst …”

C. Brecher, C. Löpenhaus, M. Schroers, T. Frech, P. Scholzen Optimization of NVH behavior of gears by alternative gear materials S. 539-552

„… lightweight construction, system integration and in particular, the VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 2017 539 …” „… . Therefore, the WZL Cylindrical Gear Measurement Cell is used and mounted on the Electrical Power Circle …” „… measurements of the transmission error. Finally, the structure-borne noise of the material variants is …”

A. Pogacnik, S. Beermann Measuring permissible root/flank stress of plastic gears according to the VDI 2736-4 S. 1541-1552

„… measurements are necessary to calculate a S-N curve for 1 temperature. Cycles to failure for every (T, ϑ …” „… load, similar specific sliding). This should keep the measured data comparable with the measurements …” „… testing, it is very important to have the correct temperature measurements. Here it is crucial that not …”

B. Schlecht, F. Rudolph, S. Schumann Experimental studies and simulation of hypoid gear lapping S. 1403-1414

„… lapping process simulation. Accompanying high-resolution measurements of the flank geometry have shown a …” „… prediction of wear depth for different applications. In Archard’s theory, the tribological system consists …” „… used, either from a manufacturing simulation or measurement data of a real gear set. Load case data …”

B. Kohn, T. Utakapan, M. Fromberger, M. Otto, K. Stahl Flank modifications for optimal excitation behaviour S. 1319-1330

„… distribution with respect to the elastic deformations of the system and thus consist of various combinations …” „… both wheel bodies for torsional acceleration measurements, acceleration sensors at the housing for …” „… structure borne sound measurements and angular position sensors near both wheels for TE measurements …”

P. Kauffmann, P. Schäflein, V. Heuer PM technology for the future powertrain S. 1289-1298

„… system property and solutions for world class quality require a system oriented analysis and design of …” „… and predictable low distortions. Figure below shows a gear profile measurement for the PM process …” „… chain in comparison to a conventionally manufactured gear. Fig. 5: Profile Measurement after …”

G. Hlebanja, S. Kulovec, D. Zorko, J. Hlebanja, J. Duhovnik Influence of the tooth flank shape on thermal load of the gear S. 1583-1592

„… , as well as pitch and runout measurements. There is an obvious difference between two in favour of …” „… . Experimental results The experimental system and layout has already been described in detail e.g. in [10 …” „… Technologies and Systems, Novo mesto; S. Kulovec, Podkrižnik d.o.o., Nazarje, Slovenia; D. Zorko, J. Hlebanja …”

C. Brecher, C. Löpenhaus, F. Goergen, D. Mevissen Crack propagation analysis of pitting damages of high-strength material systems in gear applications S. 281-292

„… and depth for each material system is evaluated to understand the crack formation. The analysis …” „… examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). To analyze the pitting depth, contour measurements in …” „… Crack Propagation Analysis of Pitting Damages of High-Strength Material Systems in Gear …”

M. Koop, E. Melnikov, V. Merz Design investigations and indications for acoustical optimized gear meshes using plastic gears S. 1519-1530

„… measurement at zero speed, perform a ramp up and then measure also at a steady state speed [1]. Acceleration …” „… sensors of a mobile acoustic measurement station register the structure-borne sound at significant places …” „… and system parameters. Indirect is also a statement about the equality of the movement translation …”

C. Brecher, C. Löpenhaus, J. Pollaschek Influence of surface layer properties on tooth root bending strength of cylindrical gears S. 421-432

„… Table 2, whereas Table 3 shows the results of the residual stress measurements. A summary of the varied …” „… . In conclusion, it can be stated that the system behaviour of the Inclusion-Based Weakest Link Model …” „… non-module-specific system parameters can be identified. This is for example the case depth, which, by its non-linear …”

K. Mao, V. Goodship, N. Madhav, R. Ramakrishnan, P. Langlois Experimental Investigations of Polymer Composite Gear Performance S. 1625-1636

„… recording wear measurements. Wear and life are recorded on a data-logging system using a dedicated …” „… temperatures, surface temperature measurements were carried out after stopping the gears. Such methods are …” „… microcomputer. It should be noted that with this mechanism of measurement the tooth deflections cannot be …”

M. W. Seidel, A. Zösch, K. Härtel Grinding burn inspection – tools for supervising and objectifying of the testing process S. 1003-1014

„… metallographic investigations, micro hardness measurements and measurements of residual stresses had been done …” „… . The different defects are clearly detectable. A special CNC unit or robot system is not necessary to …” „… sensitivity for the changing of the etching bath than a pH measurement can offer. The reference blocks for …”

C. Gorla, E. Conrado, F. Rosa, F. Concli Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) for gears: manufacturing, performances and tests S. 977-988

„… mounted on one of the two shafts introduces the load in the system. On the other shaft, a torque meter …” „… allows the measurement of the applied pinion torque. The bench is actuated by an asynchronous motor …” „… , controlled by an inverter, which, during tests, only needs to provide the power losses of the system. On the …”

L. Gondecki, M. Weibring, P. Tenberge Simulation and test method for the lubricant’s influence on the wear and fatigue mechanisms on tooth flanks S. 29-40

„… reduced and an extended usage of different measurement technology is possible. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294 …” „… component test rigs can easily be transferred to the original system. In order to parameterize the …” „… periods. As it is presented in Fig. 7 the original system which underlies a specific tribological system …”

A. Lohrengel, M. Heß Thrust cone bearings provide increased efficiency for helical gear units at moderate speed levels – Indications for possible energy saving potential in an expanded field of application S. 231-242

„… shaft. Input and output torque and the rotational speed are recorded via measurement shafts with …” „… between in- and output is regarded as system losses of the gearbox and the reciprocal quotient as its …” „… efficiency. The system losses are the sum of losses caused by several gearbox elements. To evaluate the …”

B. Sievers, M. Berger, J. Hermes Technical guideline for the quality determination of bronze S. 479-490

„… Three individual measurements each at the reference diameter height and distributed evenly across the …” „… suggests performing the individual measurements according to ASTM E-112-13 [12], for example. This is not …” „… , 2017 485 measurements and the mean grain size for each of the two materials. A sample image of the …”

J. W. Vriesen Topographical tooth modifications in planetary gears for reduction of the noise excitation without load capacity loss – Optimization of complex systems capable of oscillation S. 185-196

„… Measurement Techniques [2] Software FVA-Workbench, FVA GmbH, Garchingen, 2017 [3] Software LVR …” „… load capacity loss Optimization of complex systems capable of oscillation Dr.-Ing. Johannes W …” „… systematic deviations have to be taken into account. 7a) Accumulate modifications of sun gear …”

C. Brecher, C. Löpenhaus, J. Brimmers Potential of free flank modifications for beveloid gears S. 553-564

„… point cloud is a result of a topography measurement of gears on a measurement machine or a …” „… (crowning, angle deviation) as well as manufacturing-related systematic deviations (twist) can further …” „… ) Systematische Auslegung hohlballiger Flankenkorrekturen für konische Stirnräder mithilfe der konjugierten …”

R. Nemoto, E. Tamura, N. Seyama, E. Tanaka Friction loss and surface durability of WN gears – A Comparison with involute gears S. 1133-1138

„… measurement of friction loss, two torque-meters of magneto-striction type were installed. And then, the …” „… , Tokyo, Japan; Prof. E. Tanaka, Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda …”

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Metrology in digital production

VDI / VDE (ed.)

Series: Blaue Papiere

Volume 04/2023 2023

Results in this title

Models S. 17-25

„… measuring system, it becomes apparent that the requirements defined in the measurement or-der directly …” „… not from the technical view of the measuring system. The simplified execution of a measurement order …” „… measuring system has been selected, the third step is to carry out the measurement for which the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-3

„… information” perspective, which is important during measurement, contains the dynamic state of the system …” „… measurement task can be matched with the properties of a measuring system. The assessment of the suitabil-ity …” „… representation of measuring systems and measurement orders in pro-duction are developed. The partially executed …”

Existing standardised interfaces and models for integration S. 10-16

„… is on interfaces for the “cross-measurement integration” of a measuring system into digital …” „… organisation with the task of providing a worldwide uniform and unambiguous system of measurements based on the …” „… measurement result is specified tak-ing into account the so-called D-SI (Digital System of Units) [Hut 2019 …”

Introduction S. 4-5

„… german 2012] uses measuring system as a generic term for all technical systems that provide measured …” „… monitoring and measurement”. However, in the DIN EN ISO 9000 (ISO 9000) terminology standard there is still …” „… 10012. A measuring system used for inspection is referred to as inspection equipment (DIN 1319-2, DIN …”

Integration of measurement technology into digital production S. 6-9

„… measuring systems and in-formation on the measurements carried out with the measuring systems within the …” „… scope of measurement orders. For structuring this information serve:  models for measuring systems …” „… 6 VDI Status Report – Metrology in digital production www.vdi.de 2 Integration of measurement …”

Bibliography S. 26-32

„… Weighing Technology, June 2020. VDMA 40210 OPC UA Companion Specification for Geometric Measurement Systems …” „… : https://www.vdi.de/ueber-uns/presse/publikatio-nen/details/cyber-physical-systems-chancen-und-nut-zen-aus-sicht-der-automation ) [VDMA Internet 2019] UA makes life easier for measurement engineers; OPC Press release, VDMA …” „… Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Inspection of workpieces and measuring in-struments by measurement …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783949971303

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Messunsicherheit praxisgerecht bestimmen 2017 und Prüfprozesse in der industriellen Praxis 2017

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2319 2017

Results in this title

B. Naujoks, T. Engler, M. Michaelis, H.-J. Wuensche Measurement Uncertainty and its Influence on Dynamic Object Tracking in Autonomous Driving S. 111-122

„… Sensors provide their measurements in the corresponding natural sensor coordinate system. For example …” „… in the sensor coordinate system. The major advantage is that in the most cases the measurement errors …” „… ∈ [0, 2π). The measurement function depends on the coordinate system of the state vector. For example …”

E. Helmecke, F. Wohlgemuth, C. Klein, T. Hausotte Numerische Bestimmung der aufgabenspezifischen Messunsicherheit mit Hilfe eines virtuellen metrologischen Röntgencomputertomografen S. 7-18

„… measurement system – a virtual metrological CT (VMCT). Settings and input parameters as well as the …” „… metrologischen Röntgencomputertomografen Numerical determination of task-specific measurement uncertainty …” „… using a virtual metrological X-ray computed tomography system Eric Helmecke, Florian Wohlgemuth …”

B. Hampel, B. Liu, F. Nording, J. Ostermann, P. Struszewski, J. Langfahl-Klabes, M. Bieler, H. Bosse, B. Güttler, P. Lemmens, M. Schilling, R. Tutsch Messunsicherheitsabschätzungen für komplexe Nanosysteme S. 3-6

„… Systeme Der Begriff „komplexes System“ ist nicht scharf definiert, wird aber auf Systeme angewandt, die …” „… werden können, sowie Rückkoppelungseffekte, durch die ein System nicht nur von den Eingangsgrößen, …” „… Unter der Voraussetzung, dass das untersuchte System linear ist, oder im Arbeitspunkt ausreichend genau …”

A. Schäfer Messunsicherheiten für Messungen sehr großer Kräfte, Drehmomente und Drücke – Anforderungen der Industrie den realisierbaren Messunsicherheiten gegenübergestellt S. 221-232

„… könnten. Abstract Measurement uncertainty, when it comes to measuring very large forces, torques and …” „… pressures are often quite large. These measurement uncertainties are, however, essential for the usefulness …” „… of measurements [1] - [4]. At the same time, industrial applications in practice require these to …”

C. Voigtmann, L. Hou, M. Hernla, G. Reichel Eignung komplexer Prüfprozesse – Verfahren für den Nachweis der Prüfprozesseignung S. 311-320

„… . Beuth Verlag, Berlin, 2011 [5] MSA:2011 AIAG Measurement System Analysis (MSA). 4th ed, 2011 [6] VDA …” „… M, Damm J, Harding M, Jatzkowski P, Ottone R Cost-efficient measurement system analysis for …” „… Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement“ (GUM) [1]. Ein wesentliches Konzept des GUM ist die Bestimmung des …”

M. Czaske, M. Kemper Die Revision der ISO/IEC 17025 und ihre Auswirkung auf die metrologische Rückführbarkeit und die Ermittlung der Messunsicherheit S. 145-150

„… der Messunsicherheit wird vorrangig auf den Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement …” „… Ermittlung der Messunsicherheit bilden der „Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement” [4] und …” „… Die Anforderungen an die Ermittlung der Messunsicherheit (measurement uncertainty) wurden neu …”

F. Lindenlauf Messunsicherheit und Tolerierung S. 299-310

„… Emission Measurement System (PEMS) [18]. Die Erkenntnis, dass die Messunsicherheit für Variablenprüfungen …” „… Messunsicherheit und Tolerierung Measurement Uncertainty and Tolerancing Prof. Dr.-Ing. Frank …” „… Messunsicherheit. Abstract For over 90 years it has been known that measurement uncertainties are important in …”

M. Galovska, C. Germer, M. Nagat, R. Tutsch Fortpflanzung der Messunsicherheit in der Virtuellen Messdatenanalyse (VMDA) im Automobilbau S. 163-176

„… Volkswagen AG entwickeltes System, das der Analyse der geometrischen Fahrzeugqualitätsmerkmale dient. Die …” „… Messdatenanalyse (VMDA) ist ein bei der Volkswagen AG entwickeltes System, das der Visualisierung, Vorhersage und …” „… Messunsicherheitsanalyse verhindert. Das Modell eines virtuellen Fahrzeuges wurde mithilfe des System 3DCS entwickelt, das …”

C. Mester, J.-P. Braun, C. Ané Messunsicherheit bei der Kalibrierung von Power Quality Analysern – Kalibrierung, Prüfung und Zertifizierung von Messgeräten für die Versorgungsqualität S. 39-50

„… and interharmonics measurement techniques and instrumentation, for power supply systems and equipment …” „… analysers: measurement uncertainty Kalibrierung, Prüfung und Zertifizierung von Messgeräten für die …” „… METAS in Switzerland operates a calibration system for power quality analysers. This system is …”

J. Nitsche, D. Röske, R. Kumme, R. Tutsch Unsicherheitsabschätzung bei der Kalibrierung sechsachsiger Kraft-Momenten-Sensoren S. 245-258

„… characterization of an hexapodshaped multicomponent force transducer. Measurement 78 (2016) S. 202 – 206 [3 …” „… ] Ferrero C, Zhong L Q, Marinari C and Martino E: New automatic multicomponent calibration system with …” „… crossedflexure levers. In Proc. of the 3rd Int. Symp. on Measurement and Control in Robotics S. Cm.I-31–Cm.I-39 …”

R. Klinke, M.-T. Schablowski Sensorik in der Fahrzeugsicherheit – Anforderungen, Lösungen und Rückführung S. 359-366

„… Systems. Dieses System kann parallel eine größere Anzahl von markierten Stellen auf den Rippen erfassen …” „… Datenvorverarbeitung vorgestellt. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2319, 2017 359 Abstract The Crash measurement is mainly defined …” „… specifications in the SAE J2570, also the measurement uncertainties of the calibrations are defined in the ISO …”

S. Marin, T. Fröhlich Vergleich von FEM-Simulations- und Messergebnissen unter Berücksichtigung ihrer Unsicherheiten – Am praktischen Beispiel des Modells einer Fixpunktzelle zur Kalibrierung von Berührungsthermometern S. 123-138

„… measurements, taking into account their reproducibility and to determine the quality of the agreement between …” „… measurement results and simulation results, considering their both uncertainties. This was made for three …” „… different scenarios, the first with unknown measurement results, the second with known measurement results …”

B. Pesch Festlegung der Kalibrier- oder Nutzungsintervalle von Messmitteln S. 85-98

„… reliable statements on the instruments used in the measurement uncertainty calculations. 1 Forderungen …” „… , Teil 1 – Messmanagementsysteme [6] Diese Norm nennt Vorgaben, wie ein System zur Festlegung von …” „… : Metrology - Calibration and Measurement Guidelines,“ Pasadena, USA, 1994. [10] S. u. G. T. (. S. A. F. A …”

P. Vrdoljak, M. Schalles In situ Einpunktkalibrierung von Thermometern mittels Fixpunkten S. 197-206

„… Measurement System; IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 39 No. 6, 1990. [2] Ronsin, H. und …” „… compared the measurement uncertainties and their contributions of a single point recalibration by means of …” „… a simplified measurement uncertainty budget. Fix-point-cells providing calibration points were …”

J. Leinhos Messunsicherheitsdarstellung bei Vektornetzwerkanalysatoren – Von der Vision zur Realität S. 55-58

„… Berechnung von Messunsicherheiten wird im „Guide to the expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM)“ [1 …” „… measurement data – Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement,” 2010. [2] D. Blackham, "Trends …” „… for computing VNA uncertainties," 2017 89th ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference (ARFTG), Honololu …”

F. Schmähling, G. Wübbeler, B. Ruggaber, U. Krüger, C. Elster Messunsicherheitsbestimmung für Farbkoordinaten und andere integrale Größen aus spektralen Messungen S. 139-144

„… Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement“) [6], mit seinen Zusatzmaterialien. Bild 1 Links: Simulation …” „… and B. K. Tsai, Spectrophotometry: accurate measurement of optical properties of materials. Academic …” „… Press, 2014 [2] N. Pousset, B. Rougi and A. Razet, Uncertainty evaluation for measurement of LED …”

J. van der Grinten Kalibrierung von Gasdurchfluss-Messgeräten S. 27-38

„… calibrations is a calibration and measurement capability (CMC) of 0.10%. The first step is to reduce the …” „… the temperature measurement point. Pulses are directly collected from the turbine wheel of the …” „… measurements 10-6 Gas composition 10-7 ~ 10-8 The mathematical description of the calibration process …”

T. Wilhelm, R. Große-Uhlmann Ermittlung von Messunsicherheitsbudgets für Prozessanalysesensoren unter Einsatzbedingungen – Eine Frage des Vertrauens S. 177-180

„… 100:2008, Evaluation of measurement data – Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement JCGM …” „… GlaselektrodenEffects of Real World Application Conditions on pH Measurements with Glass Electrodes. tm - Technisches …” „… Messen Plattform für Methoden, Systeme und Anwendungen der Messtechnik, 77(3), pp. 140-149. Retrieved 15 …”

M. Hernla Alternative GPS-Standardspezifikationen und -Auswertemethoden S. 287-298

„… unambiguous measurement result, but provides many various measurement values. The evaluation of the …” „… to large measurement uncertainties. The mean gaussian features only are unambiguous and have the …” „… least measurement uncertainties. The gaussian method is also applicable to the associated geometric …”

C. Tiebe, M. Detjens, T. Hübert Messunsicherheit coulometrischer Spurenfeuchtesensoren S. 63-72

„… ] VDI-Berichte Nr. 2319, 2017 67 2.2.5 Druck Die Systemdruck-Messung im Prüfgasstrom erfolgt vor den Messzellen …” „… Humidity Measurement: A Practical Guide, 1, Wiley, 2014. [4] J. Mitchell, D.M. Smith, Aquametry: a …” „… Water by Direct Amperometric Measurement Analytical Chemistry 1959, 31, 12, 2043-2048. [6] M. Detjens …”

T. Stößel, J. Weickmann „Trennschärfe“: Innovatives Abnahmeverfahren für diskret prüfende Systeme S. 321-332

„… [3] AIAG Core Tools, Measurement Systems Analysis (MSA), 4th edition (2010) [4] Schriftenreihe …” „… : Capability of measurement [6] VDA5 , Qualitätsmanagement in der Automobilindustrie, Band 5 …” „… „Trennschärfe“: Innovatives Abnahmeverfahren für diskret prüfende Systeme Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Th …”

B. Stegmaier, C. Wilhelm Messunsicherheiten bei Überwachung der Umweltradioaktivität S. 73-84

„… Geometrie, z.B. durch die Füllhöhe. Näheres kann in „Uncertainty of gamma-ray spectrometry measurement of …” „… [10] Kaminski, S.; Jakobi, A.; Wilhelm, Chr.: Uncertainty of gamma-ray spectrometry measurement of …” „… Systemen. In der Nachfolgenden Abbildung 2 sind die Anteile an der Gesamtunsicherheit schematisch …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XIII

„… Neue Anwendungsgebiete und Herausforderungen der Messunsicherheitsanalyse B. Naujoks, Measurement …” „… „Trennschärfe“: Innovatives Abnahmeverfahren für 321 J. Weickmann diskret prüfende Systeme M. Wiederhold, Die …”

T. Meß, V. Ullmann, E. Manske Ganzheitliche Erfassung von Gewinden als Antwort auf gesteigerte Messunsicherheitsanforderungen S. 207-216

„… Holistic Thread Profile Determination Supported by Optical Focus Variation Measurements. IWK 2017 [5] Norm …” „… systematisch analysiert und beschrieben. Nachfolgend wurde die neu erarbeitete Theorie im Versuch am …” „… Paarungsflankendurchmesser. Eine entsprechende systematische Analyse wurde daher in [3] durchgeführt. Zu den betreffenden …”

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Gefahrstoffe

Browse Volumes: Gefahrstoffe

GrdL Volume 82 (2022) Issue 11-12 ISSN Online: 0949-8036

Results in this title

Fabrizio Innocenti, Rod Robinson Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) Measurements of Pollutants and Greenhouse Gases from Industrial Emissions S. 310-312

„… associated tra-cer gas measurements, and a helicopter-borne near-infrared topo-graphic reflection system.In …” „… Standard defines the performance requirements of the measure-ment system, the application of the …” „… used the DIAL system to carry out a series of measurements of the emissions of methane from onshore …”

Benedikt Thomas, Dietmar Breuer Kanisterprobenahme für VOC und VVOC/Canister sampling for VOC and VVOC S. 285-293

„… Analysen-system direkt untersucht werden kann. Für die meisten Analyten weisen Luftproben in Kanistern …” „… for environmental sampling was applied for the first time for workplace measurements. Feasibility …” „… measurements. Measurements for ethylene oxide at workplaces should finally confirm the suitability of the …”

Gerd Schneider Fünf Millionen Datensätze S. 281

„… Mess-system Gefährdungsermittlung der Unfallversicherungsträger (MGU), dessen 50-jähri-ges Jubiläum diese …” „… system based on Differential Absorp-tion Lidar (DIAL), a sophisticated laser-based remote sensing …” „… . V.Kurzbeiträge310 SERIE: OPTISCHE FERNMESSVERFAH-REN (TEIL V) Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) Measurements …”

Christiane Kaus, Stefanie Könen, Dietmar Breuer, Ralf Schmitt Neue Verfahren für die Messung von Gefahrstoffen in Gießereien/New methods for measuring hazardous substances in foundries S. 295-299

„… methods are established as standard mea -surement procedures in the measurement system for risk …” „… werden als Standardmessverfahren im Mess-system Gefährdungsermittlung der Unfallversicherungsträger (MGU …” „… to workers. For amines and ρ-Toluenesulfonic acid, however, no measure-ment methods existed so far …”

doi.org/10.37544/0949-8036-2022-11-12

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International Conference on Gears 2022

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2389 2022

Results in this title

F. Thurner Light into the black box: using AI software to identify unknown mechanisms of action and resolve acoustic/NVH problems – practical example of a passenger car powertrain S. 779-786

„… measurement system-capable according to MSA type II. Subjective evaluations, on the other hand, are more …” „… system / vehicle during measurement runs on the road. The measurement points must be selected so that …” „… measurement system analyses EoL test bench vs. vehicle The transfer functions are now built for all gears in …”

K. Lubke, M. Stein, S. Lin Validation of evaluation algorithms for cylindrical involute gears on coordinate measuring machines – new challenges according to standardization S. 1529-1538

„… tasks are the measurement of profiles, helices and pitch points on the gear flanks. Based on the …” „… quality assessment of cylindrical involute gears are cmm measurements. Common gear measurements include …” „… direction. Fig. 1 explains the three common measurements. For each measured space a defined test ball …”

C. Schonke, T. Magdy, K. Daubach, W. Kassem, M. Oehler, O. Koch Simulation of high torque density gearbox noise excitation S. 837-848

„… gears, an optical measurement was carried out. The used measuring system is self-developed and was …” „… and gears [6], [7]. Fig. 3: Schematic design of the optical measurement system (left) and the …” „… resulting point cloud of all gear flanks (right) The measurement system (Fig. 3, left) consists of a line …”

D. Drummer, D. Schubert, C. Herzog In situ measurement of geometric and structural influences on the operating properties of polymer gears S. 1099-1116

„… to characterise the wear during operation: Gravimetric or tactile measurement or analysis of a system …” „… increase the measurement error; nevertheless, the system is still very accurate compared to other concepts …” „… measurement to directly quantify gear wear [14]. This and similar systems using tactile measurements, however …”

A. Wedmann, M. Stein, K. Kniel Gear calibration in tactile scanning mode on CMMs S. 1539-1552

„… calibration strategy was applied that minimizes systematic deviations in the measuring process. Measurement …” „… 1. Abstract In industry, gear measurement on coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) is done almost …” „… exclusively using scanning mode. Scanning is not only much more time-efficient than conducting measurements in …”

R. Jaeger, C. Koplin, B. Schluter Lubricated polymer-steel-systems: influence of the surface and interfacial energies of frictional partners on their tribological performance S. 1223-1236

„… and wear measurements are carried out on a selected set of systems. Therefore, the question arises …” „… the PK/pPG system). The POM-systems which exhibit a significant uptake of lubricant show the opposite …” „… lubricated polymer-steel system was investigated with oscillatory tribometry and by determining the …”

T. Konig, M. Kley, F. Wagner, M. Liebschner Enhanced damage classification on transmissions by generating synthetic data with Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) S. 227-238

„… systems have an essential effect on the overall system in terms of reliability and efficiency. Condition …” „… Adversarial Networks (GAN) are used to generate synthetic data and thus to extend existing measurement data …” „… classify different system states. 1. Introduction In industrial practice, high reliability and efficient …”

P. Tenberge, J. Vorgerd, L. Gondecki 2-disc tribometer for various tests on sliding/rolling contacts with tribological loads such as in tooth flank contacts S. 145-156

„… - and test-systems. Furthermore, it will have an integrated measurement device for the friction force …” „… system for steady improvements of the power-density of gears in high-performance transmissions. In this …” „… specimens are accessible for many tactile and non-contact measuring methods. For such measurements, they …”

Y. Koch, G. Martin, E. Kirchner, D. Quirnheim Pais, R. Slatter Feasibility study of measuring instantaneous angular speed of helical gears with magnetoresistive sensors S. 253-264

„… the measurement of structure-borne noise with acceleration sensors. New approaches, such as measuring …” „… typically wish to use existing sensors or measurement points, where no or little effort is needed to …” „… sensor data. Independent of the maturity level of the system under consideration, mechatronic, smart and …”

S. Bill Efficiency improvement and surface protection by using particle-based phyllosilicate-additive S. 935-942

„… measurement of the weld load in grease lubricated systems counts to standard test methods for the grease …” „… used: temperature 98°C, frequency 50 Hz, stroke length 4 mm. The measurement was performed in a common …” „… shows a friction measurement in Fuchs Pentosin EG FFL-7A oil with REWITEC added after 20 hours. The …”

L. Maccioni, F. Concli, C. Paschold A Novel Concept of Nested Cycloidal Speed Reducer S. 969-984

„… automatic approach to build TNMs. They either model their investigated gearbox as an isothermal system for …” „… validated by numerous measurements of spur gearboxes [6] and worm gearboxes [13, 14, 15]. A flow chart of …” „… investigation is taken from Geiger [6], where numerous measurements of transient component temperatures were …”

J. Gotz, F. Siglmuller, M. Furst, M. Otto, K. Stahl Experimental investigation of the dynamic load sharing of planetary gearboxes S. 409-420

„… digitized and contactlessly transmitted to the stationary data acquisition system. All measurement data is …” „… and the operating conditions. Detailed simulations or extensive experimental measurements are required …” „… significantly by the dynamic system behaviour of the planetary gear system, whereas the dynamic load share for …”

E. Tanaka, J. Xia, J. Zhuang, M. Nakasako, K. Ikejo Tooth profile error detection only using a small spot type of laser sensor S. 707-714

„… Abstract A new system to detect the tooth profile error only using a small spot type of laser sensor was …” „… the damaged area. This system can obtain the laser reflection data quickly and so many times …” „… dimensionally [6][7]. However, when we consider to use this system practically, this is a little difficult to …”

A. Hessler, B. Neubauer NVH-performance versus Costs – Coherent R&D for gears, system and manufacturing S. 103-118

„… NVH-Performance versus Costs – Coherent R&D for Gears, System and Manufacturing Interaction …” „… NVH behavior of the entire e-axle system. Subsidiary orders (e.g., beats, ghosts) caused by periodic …” „… system. A gear system can have a different design with respect to shaft and bearing dimensions and …”

C. M. Illenberger, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Operating behavior and performance of oil-lubricated plastic gears S. 1117-1132

„… measurement signal is passed via a hollow shaft from the housing to a telemetry system.Software is used to …” „… to theoretical investigations on the tooth flank load carrying capacity, comprehensive measurements …” „… high-performance plastics in the material pairing steel-plastic. For this purpose, temperature measurements are …”

D. Zorko, Z. Bergant, B. Černe Potential of woven carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite gears S. 1071-1082

„… and refers to the coordinate system shown in Fig. 1. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2389, 20221072 Fig. 1: Woven …” „… testing system (Fig. 2). Experimental runs were performed at five torque levels ranging from 0.4 to 0.8 Nm …” „… ). The temperature measurements presented in this study were made in a 3×3-pixel region of interest (ROI …”

D. Mevissen, L. Uhlmann, U. Kupper, J. Brimmers, T. Bergs Analysis of friction of bowl-shaped surface structures resulting from alternative gear manufacturing processes S. 1371-1382

„… tribological system of two gear flanks, the basic and counter part can be defined as pinion and gear, the media …” „… as lubricant and air. The design and characteristics of the tribological system have a decisive …” „… varying the distance between the single dents. After manufacturing of the test parts, the measurement of …”

A. Gebhard, W. Kassem, M. Oehler Cylinder-on-ring model wear tests as an input data source for the simulation of friction and wear of plastic gears S. 1133-1148

„… heating system and a set of fans for forced cooling. In order to maintain nominal ring temperature, both …” „… coefficient before the start of the test series. The thermometer’s measurement spot was placed in the center …” „… thermal conductivity of the ring material if the measurement spot would have been outside the wear track …”

C. A. Celikay, A. Donmez, A. Kahraman An experimental study of parametric resonances of a spur gear pair at speeds above its primary resonance S. 511-522

„… frequency ranges conventional measurement systems fall far short of these high-speed conditions. Even a …” „… where 1 2 /12( )n ef k m is the natural frequency of the corresponding linear system ( k is the mean …” „… . Measurement of  ( )i t gears to compute ( )q t is not feasible at these very high speed ranges as the …”

E. Lamaj, J. Blomeke, F. Rudolph, J. Hermes A comprehensive, fully parametrized calculation model for improved helical-hypoid gearbox efficiency S. 825-836

„… material and quality of all machine elements. For a complete modular system of gearboxes, this task is very …” „… modular transmission system and its sensitivity with respect to various physical and geometrical influence …” „… and validated by system and subsystem level experiments. The virtual gearbox representation is applied …”

J. Theling, M. Willecke, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher Influences on the Excitation Behavior of Lightweight Planetary Gearboxes S. 421-432

„… meshes caused by global deformation Better load distribution and loadsharingOverall SystemHigher …” „… deformation and deviationof the overall system Misalignment of the centralelements sun gear, ring gearand …” „… planet carrierVDI-Berichte Nr. 2389, 20224223. Presentation of the Measurement Cell for the Investigation …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XXVIII

„… Costs – Coherent R&D for gears, system and manufacturing 103A. Hessler, B. Neubauer, Business …” „… 197K. Fukanoki, K. Matsuo, Hardware System Development Department, JATCO Ltd, Kanagawa, Japan;Y …” „… for parameters identification in a developing smart gear system …”

A. Turich Gear hard finishing with up to 100% in-process inspection S. 1583-XL

„… a basket-based palletizer system. The integrated automation is made by Gleason Automation Systems …” „… establishing a “closed loop” connection between the metrology system VDI-Berichte Nr. 2389, 20221584and the …” „… tolerance could be corrected immediately by a closed loop auto correction system. And even better, by …”

B. Legrady, M. Taesch, G. Tschirschnitz, C. F. Mieth Prediction of churning losses in an industrial gear box with spiral bevel gears using the smoothed particle hydrodynamic method S. 651-664

„… experiment. 4.2 Churning losses of the reduced systemPreliminary churning loss evaluations aim at the …” „… of Technology for a bevel gear pair under 1 kNm nominal load. These measurements provide validation …” „… measurements for a specific gearbox. Therefore, his findings cannot be applied to arbitrary bevel-geared …”

J. Vorgerd, P. Tenberge, M. Joop Scuffing of cylindrical gears with pitch line velocities up to 100 m/s S. 903-914

„… up between a test and a slave gearbox. The shaft system is driven by an electric motor, which only …” „… in V-arrangement whereby the gear wheels can be axially moved by a hydraulic system in relation to …” „… the axially fixed pinions. This system allows to induce a circulating torque by the gears of the slave …”

P. Rodel, R. Spieler, M. Indenbirken, T. Nuisl Holistic friction optimization of transmissions – a significant contribution for sustainability S. 731-744

„… development. For this purpose, a deeper understanding of the complete system and its operating behavior is …” „… . Instead the transmission must be modelled as a complete system including all relevant elasticities …” „… completely coupled system including the pressure distribution for all bearing and gear tooth contacts. The …”

A. Sitzmann, T. Tobie, K. Stahl, S. Hoja, S. Schurer Deep nitriding – contact and bending strength of gears with increased nitriding hardening depth S. 875-890

„… non-destructive measuring methods. This included, for example, a 2- and 3-dimensional surface measurement …” „… a Klingelnberg P40 3D coordinate measuring system. In addition, the gears of all the variants …” „… of the gear quality. The respective measurement records show a comparable quality of the test gears …”

M. Zalfen, J. Lovenich, O. Malinowski, C. Brecher, J. Brimmers, S. Neus, S. Stark, D. Kruger Test rig concept for high power VHCF gear testing S. 485-498

„… statically by a lever and weight system, whereas the torque is fixed by a mechanical clutch [12]. Besides the …” „… lever and weight system, a hydraulic motor can be integrated in the power circle [12]. In both cases …” „… operation. Furthermore, high demands are laid on the test rig monitoring system to ensure an early shutdown …”

I. Hong, Z. Teaford, A. Kahraman A comparison of gear tooth bending fatigue lives from single tooth bending and rotating gear tests S. 45-74

„… pinion was sustained at about 4400 rpm for all load levels used in testing. Dynamic strain measurements …” „… strain measurements were taken in order to validate the fixture design and stress prediction models. A …” „… of maximum tooth root stress. Two sets of loaded strain measurements were recorded. The first was a …”

K. Lubke, H. Rohr Quality inspection of common step gearings – Overview of different types and their assessment S. 959-968

„… ). The task includes measurement and evaluation. The interpreted results enable a closed-loop to …” „… of large cams the measurement of the surface points must be possible without rotary tables. This …” „… requires measurements with probing stars. The evaluation of the points comprises deviations to the …”

P. H. O. Teixeira, J. Brimmers, T. Bergs Consideration of micro-interaction in the modeling of generating gear grinding processes S. 1517-1528

„… measurements performed in Phase 1 as well as the kinematics of the generating gear grinding. Finally, in Phase …” „… Scope Phase 1 begins with the measurement of the grinding wheel topography by means of an optical device …” „… , as shown in the left of Fig. 1. The measurement will be performed in an area of the grinding wheel …”

S. Sklenak, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher Analysis of local wear within the dry lubricated rolling- sliding contact of coated surfaces S. 305-316

„… measured using a 3D optical measurement system, see Fig. 4. An algorithm for highly accurate alignment of …” „… in tooth contact, a coating system based on molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) was investigated in a gear …” „… . Furthermore, the profile of the test shaft after the test shows that the coating system fails locally, causing …”

E. Lothman, M. Hein, U. Steiner Increased load carrying capacity of gears through optimized steel performance, surface conditions and processes S. 637-650

„… 637Introduction Improving system performance is of interests to almost everyone in transmission …” „… . Next to the geometrical measurements, the nital etching method was used to ensure that there was no …” „… grinding burn on the gears, and all the parts were also demagnetized. All these processes and measurements …”

T. Matsumura, K. Mioki, M. Kada, R. Okuizumi, A. Pogačnik Improved calculation methodology for the prediction of tooth temperature of plastic gears S. 1237-1248

„… accurate. There are several possible reasons for that: 1) the measurement method of the coefficient of …” „… method of deriving the COF for the temperature calculation is from the pin-on-disc measurement, since …” „… can differ significantly from the value obtained in gear meas-urements. This can result in gear …”

A. Spatzig, N. Fujimura, P. de Oliveira Teixeira Practical analysis of productivity of grinding tools in the process of internal generating gear grinding S. 1319-1330

„… package, leading to a positive effect on the efficiency of the overall system [1]. At the same time …” „… high sliding speed. A special internal cooling system minimizes spindle heat distortion and allows the …” „… deviation in profile and lead direction was below the class IT3 of the ISO system for cylindrical gears …”

A. Zhang, J. Wei, M. Cao, B. Peng Dynamic modeling and accuracy evaluation method for complex irregular components of aviation transmission S. 573-584

„… al.,Research on dynamic behavior of multistage gears-bearings and box coupling system, Measurement, 150 (2020 …” „… become an inevitable requirement for high-accuracy system-level modeling [1]. With the rapid development …” „… substructure models considering both accuracy and calculation efficiency for the overall system modeling of the …”

J. Hochrein, M. Trubswetter, M. Otto, K. Stahl Direct flank geometry calculation for face gears S. 1447-1460

„… boundaries at the face gear flank, a system of nonlinear equations defines the points of the flank in between …” „… .144 describes the system of nonlinear equations: f λ , ρ , λ , ρ r r 0 f λ , ρ , λ , ρ s c m 0 f λ …” „… thickness at the pointing limit [25]. The system in equation (8) can be solved with the Newton-Raphson …”

U. Kissling Generation of a torque spectrum from measured torque-speed-time data S. 533-544

„… drive system. The magnitude and frequency of these loads depend upon the driven machine, the motor, the …” „… dynamic mass elastic properties of the system and other effects [1]. These variable loads (stresses) may …” „… be determined by such procedures as - experimental measurement of the operating loads at the machine …”

A. Baumann, B. Bertsche Coefficient of friction behavior of gear oils and significance for the meshing process of spur gears S. 745-762

„… function of the speed. A mini traction machine from PCS Instruments with a ball/plate measurement setup was …” „… noise emissions. 1. Introduction The coefficient of friction of a tribological system is determined by …” „… gears, as the system behavior is significantly influenced by the frictional properties. The coefficient …”

F. May Trouble shooting of abnormal gearbox noise S. 545-560

„… 20000 hours of operation at the time of the request. Fig. 2: Steam turboset Renata Measurement setup …” „… and execution The field measurement on site was performed only a few days after the request. It was …” „… comprehensive field measurements and to develop preliminary countermeasures, if possible. For this reason and …”

P. Barreiro, S. Pfrimmer, G. Armutcu, J. Hermes Quality improvement of an aluminum gearbox housing by implementing additive manufacturing S. 1429-1446

„… , the test under normal operating conditions successfully confirmed the cooling system’s effectiveness …” „… , the areas to be cooled down in a controlled way were identified and the corresponding cooling system …” „… because this technology allows the cooling system to be printed without a supporting structure. The …”

A. Hilligardt, J. Klose, V. Schulze A new method for avoiding meshing interference in gear skiving S. 1305-1318

„… the process three coordi-nate systems are used: A fixed coordinate system (machine coordinate system …” „… ) defined by xm, ym and zm; a tool coordinate system with x0, y0 and z0 and a workpiece coordinate system …” „… evaluated in the machine coordinate system and projected into a common transverse section. This first …”

R. Longato, M. Turci The effect of temperature on the SN curve for bending stress measured on a new test rig for plastic gears S. 1209-1222

„… the drive shaft/bearing system is measured with the first setting tests, in relation to the applied …” „… number of cycles is reached. Temperature measurement using two redundant procedures (thermographic camera …” „… measured during the complete test phase. Given the high number of temperature measurements, it is possible …”

X. Zheng, Y. Hu FE analysis and predication on the traveling wave – resonance of aero-gears S. 915-926

„… of multi-parameters in gear drive system are coupled in this model. Predictions of constraint contact …” „… . 62(599):2833-2841. [3] Gosselin C, Guertin T, Remond D,et al. Simulation and Experimental Measurement of the …” „… Bevel gears are widely applied in high-speed transmission systems due to the high contact ratio …”

Y. Marchesse, M. Ruzek, F. Ville, P. Velex On windage power loss reduction achieved by flanges S. 665-676

„… high-speed gearing system the load-independent losses become prominent when peripheral speeds are above 100 …” „… . Experimental set-up A specific test rig dedicated to WPL measurements is available at INSA Lyon. Its general …” „… ), Diab (6), Fondelli (11), Hill (12) and Ruzek (13)). Several measurements were made for each …”

H.-J. Dennig, L. Zumofen, A. Kirchheim, S. Winterberg, D. Stierli Increasing the safety against scuffing of additive manufactured gear wheels by internal cooling channels S. 1345-1364

„… example, integrating a cooling system can increase the safety against scuffing or reduce the amount of …” „… gear elements are essential [8]. A suitable lubrication system, such as an oil bath or injection …” „… , less heat can be extracted in the isobaric system. In other words, the selection of a suitable tooth …”

G. Hlebanja, M. Hriberšek, M. Erjavec, S. Kulovec Influence of the tooth flank shape on wear for a steel-POM gar pair S. 1295-1304

„… same module and number of teeth by measurements of the quality parameters according to DIN 3961/62 on …” „… Wenzel GearTec coordinate measurement machine discloses at least for two grades higher Q of cut gears [5 …” „… calibrated based on laser measurement of shaft deformations with prescribed excitation frequency differences …”

K. Daubach, M. Oehler, B. Sauer Wear simulation of worm gears based on an energetic approach S. 329-342

„… system with large local differences regarding the contact conditions. For that reason, measurement data …” „… was taken from wear tests on the original tribological sys-tem. The tests were performed with worm …” „… results for the wear energy density, since the wear model is also adapted to wear measure-ments of the …”

F. Lagier, A. Bischofberger, K. Bause, S. Ott Suitability of additive manufactured PEEK gears as a means of gear sampling for automotive high-speed gearboxes S. 1045-1060

„… particular offer the possibility of improving the dynamics of the system as well as its acoustic properties …” „… complete system [1]. Despite the added weight of the gearbox, a significant reduction of the total mass of …” „… understanding of the system be-havior is necessary in order to validate its use as gear sampling material. An …”

F. Donner, T. Scheu, M. Weigand Dynamic simulation of a rotor system with variable speed S. 985-994

„… Dynamic Simulation of a Rotor System with Variable Speed Dipl.-Ing. / M.Sc. Florian Donner …” „… system with higher rotor speed variation but constant speed which leads to the consequence that a …” „… / variable rotor speed” that consists of a transmission with variable ratio and a rotor system with rotor …”

F. Muller, S. Schumann, B. Schlecht Innovative tooth contact analysis with non-uniform rational b-spline surfaces S. 171-184

„… measurement data due to e.g. micro-pitting can only be considered insufficiently. Hence, a new method for …” „… is pro-vided by a manufacturing simulation, a geome-try import or measurement data. The geometry is …” „… bearing deflections of the surrounding system and to take these into account in the tooth contact …”

T. Ohno, R. Greschert, J. Brimmers The influence of material roughness, hardness and lubricant additives on micropitting behaviour of gears S. 621-636

„… measurement conditions are shown in Table 2. According to testing standards, test gears do not have a tooth …” „… , 0.5μm Table 2: Roughness measurement conditions Machine name Hommel-Etamic nanoscan 855 Sampling …” „… length 4.8 mm Cutoff value 0.8 mm Measurement interval 0.5 μm Tip radius of stylus 2 μm Taper angle of …”

N. Sagraloff, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Suitability of the test results of micropitting tests acc to FVA 54/7 for modern practical gear applications S. 469-484

„… influence on the micropitting resistance of a gear-lubricant-system. As a result, it is highly recommended …” „… of the lubricant can be divided into a system consisting of base oil and additive and the nominal …” „… gear-lubricant-system according to ISO/TS 6336-22 [20]. Since micropitting occurs under unfavorable lubrication …”

K. Fukanoki, K. Matsuo, Y. Suzuki, K. Fujiki Practical application of asymmetric tooth root geometry for downsizing automotive transmission gears S. 197-214

„… gears Kunihiko Fukanoki, Dipl.-Ing. Kouji Matsuo, Hardware System Development Department, JATCO Ltd …” „… measurement)Gear train deformationAssembly errorGear specificationsMisalignmentTooth flank geometry …” „… study focused on tooth root breakage strength, measurements were made of the tooth root geometry and …”

A. Eric, D. Olveda, T. Froschmeier, V. Schulze Local pitting fatigue concept with EHL simulation for case hardened gears in electrical drives S. 133-144

„… loaded tooth contact analysis performed on a system level with the commercial software MASTA. The …” „… obtained by measurement. Given the full local stress state at each material point, a multiaxial fatigue …” „… hardness distribution and the (run-in) surface profiles are obtained from measurements on a gear sample …”

B. van Wissen, M. Kanters, F. Mitsuzuka, K. Iwanaga, M. Meuwissen, A. Hasanovic Predicting static and fatigue performance of fiber reinforced plastic gears S. 1083-1098

„… , based on non-isothermal durability measurements on a gear tester. 2. Background and theory Static …” „… gear geometry including runner and 6-point gate system VDI-Berichte Nr. 2389, 20221088 Fig. 4: a …” „… durability measurements on a gear tester. Iso-thermal root stress fatigue curves can be predicted by using a …”

L. Hildebrand, F. Dangl, M. Sedlmair, T. Lohner, K. Stahl CFD analysis on the oil flow of a gear stage with guide plate S. 677-694

„… understanding of the system interactions and components is fundamental for optimal design. By means of …” „… experimental measurements whereby a good accordance is stated. In addition to no-load VDI-Berichte Nr. 2389 …” „… meter ahead of the test gearbox enables the measurement of the no-load loss of the test gearbox. The …”

B. Reetz, T. Munch, W. Kappeler Challenges for lead-free brass alloys in worm gears S. 1467-1488

„… known that lead has a positive impact VDI-Berichte Nr. 2389, 2022 1467on the tribological system …” „… wheel tooth flank neither by means of light optical microscopy nor by microhardness measurements. The …” „… additional alloying and microstructure measurements [30]. 9. Possibilities for the further development of …”

D. Linsler, J. Hamann, M. Scherge Online high resolution wear measurement – a powerful tool for the analysis of initial stages of pitting S. 957-958

„… Online high resolution wear measurement – a powerful tool for the analysis of initial stages of …” „… from the labeled area [3]. Here, we demonstrate the potential of RNT-measurement combined with an FZG …” „… al.: Wear measurement using radionuclide-technique (RNT), Wear 2003, 254 Anmerkung: Zum …”

A. Pogačnik, U. Kissling The future of plastic gear standardization S. 1149-1160

„… improvements were made in the wear calculation and in the material properties measurement methodology, but some …” „… , …) capable of measurement of SN curves according to procedures described in VDI 2736-4. It would be important …” „… fatigue data of plastic gears is the time duration of the measurements. With an output speed of 1000 rpm …”

P. Roth, M. Hein, K. Stahl Scuffing load capacity calculation of worm gears S. 811-824

„… . The scuffing temperature is a characteristic parameter of a material-lubricant-system of a gear pair …” „… strongly on the heat dissipation properties of the gear box system [27, 28], the wheel bulk temperature …” „… underlying simulation could further confirm the results. For this, experimental temperature measurements are …”

N. Tros, J. Brimmers, T. Bergs Approach for multiscale modeling the thermomechanical tool load in gear hobbing S. 1489-1502

„… the work done, the energy supplied to the system and consequently the resulting temperature would be …” „… energy supplied to the system is comparable. Fig. 5: Calculation of temperature with variable chip …” „… investigations. For the validation of the cutting forces, force measurements in the fly-cutting trials are …”

A. Kubo, A. Ueda, R. Uehara Development of IP-bevel gears for industrial operation S. 343-356

„… Abstract To find the potential of IP-bevel gears in practice, the measurement of the transmission error was …” „… , the measurement of the transmission error was carried out. The transmission error of IP-bevel gears …” „… ] A.Ueda, Involute iii (bevel gear design system), Catalogue AMTEC Inc. height of wheel is extended …”

S. Matkovič, M. Kalin Effect of tribological properties on tooth root fatigue failure of polymer gears S. 1257-1268

„… of polymer gears was evaluated using experimental measurements on MTM model tribometer to define the …” „… . Stahl, Potential of oil-lubricated cylindrical plastic gears, J. Adv. Mech. Des. Syst. Manuf. 12 (2018 …”

K. Stahl Foreword S. 1-2

„… . Topics like gear efficiency improvements, performance enhancement of plastic gears, new measurement …” „… contributions. With smart gear systems and condition monitoring approaches pioneering technologies are subject …”

T. Arndt, J. Klose, M. Gerstenmeyer, V. Schulze Tool wear development in gear skiving process of quenched and tempered internal gears S. 1331-1344

„… environmental benefit. These results can be reconstructed by comparing the measurement diagrams obtained (Fig …” „… measurement results of the TF of oil and MQL with each other, it is noticeable that no significant difference …” „… workpieces. Furthermore, the measurement logs show that the feed rate marks do not correspond to the set …”

B. Schalley, J. Brimmers, T. Bergs Potential and challenges of profile gear grinding with vitrified bonded cBN S. 1569-1582

„… diagram in the bottom left of Fig. 2 shows the results of the roughness measurements. Low surface …” „… laser scanning microscope. The measurements were performed in a measuring range of Ameas = 5 × 3.5 mm …” „… then used to determine surface parameters from the measurement data of the microscope images. The …”

W. Kassem, M. Oehler, B. Sauer, S. Schmidt, J. Hausmann Investigation of the time-dependent behavior of plastic gears with local tribological simulation S. 1281-1294

„… measurement data of the real tooth flanks using a contact simulation based on half space theory [19]. It …” „… ) Accelerated lifetime testing of reinforced polymer gears. Journal of Advanced Mechanical Design, Systems, and …”

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Autonomous Systems 2019: An Almanac

Herwig Unger (ed.)

Series: Informatik/ Kommunikation

Volume 864 2019

Results in this title

G. Sartorius, St. R. Talbot Evaluation of Hybrid Measurement Structures S. 159-170

„… measurement system. A prerequisite for doing this is the or-ganization of the measurement system into suitable …” „… these commands a command sequence (commandprogram) for controlling the modules of the measurement system …” „… forsetting up the coordination unit to adjust the measurement system will beshown. The measurement results …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-VIII

„… Warming Men-made? The Atmosphere Seen as an Autonomous SystemG.K. Heinz …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Ethical Aspects of Autonomous SystemsG. Schiedermeier …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147Evaluation of Hybrid Measurement StructuresG. Sartorius, St. R. Talbot …”

X. Xu, C. Yuan, Z. Li A Comparative Study of Visual and Visual-inertial SLAM S. 171-174

„… use GPS for position measurement. Inindoor environments, visual information can be extracted for …” „… Detection and Ranging) etc. Combined with additional sensors suchas IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) or wheel …” „… and Zhong Li21Autonomous Systems LabFaculty for Information, Media and Electrical EngineeringTH Köln …”

M. A. De Muirier, C. Yuan, Z. Li Design of a Small-scale Ground Vehicle for Autonomous Navigation S. 175

„… cameras, IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), ultrasonic and LiDAR (LightDetection And Ranging), with which …” „… , Chunrong Yuan1 and Zhong Li21Autonomous Systems LabFaculty for Information, Media and Electrical …” „… efficiency, behaviour predictability, systemextensibility as well as reproducibility. The platform has a …”

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Friction Potential Estimation for Autonomous Driving

Thorsten Lajewski

Series: Verkehrstechnik/Fahrzeugtechnik

Volume 816 2022

Results in this title

Appendix S. 139-154

„… be transformed into the wheel coordinate system.The equations for the velocities at the tyre contact …” „… tyres, the vehicle coordinate system equals the wheel coordinate system.For the front tyres, the …” „… coordinate system with vx describing the forward motion of thevehicle, vy the lateral motion and r the yaw …”

Introduction S. 1-35

„… measure the maximum. The norm also specifies requirementsfor an artificial wetting system if measurements …” „… have their own regulations and measurement systems.The focus of road maintenance friction potential …” „… Global Positioning System (GPS), acceleromet-ers and traction/brake torque measurements to estimate the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XX

„… Measurements 147Bibliography 155VIIAbbreviationsAbbreviation DescriptionABS Anti-lock Braking SystemAD …” „… Navigation Satellite SystemGPS Global Positioning SystemIFI International Friction IndexLQR Linear Quadratic …” „… Autonomous DrivingADAS Advanced Driving Assistance SystemADC Analogue Digital ConverterAIT Austrian Institute …”

Grip Map S. 81-103

„… . Measurement files providedin csv file format provide one coordinate each meter. The results of this system …” „… straights of the test track. Due toproblems with the measurement system, the number of available repetitions …” „… or other not discovered systematic measurement problems.Another argument against the linear relation …”

Development of a Friction Potential Measurement Method S. 55-80

„… measurement wheels. Thus, the normal direction of the wheel coor-dinate system is no longer parallel to the …” „… 3 Development of a Friction PotentialMeasurement MethodIn this chapter, a new method to measure the …” „… conducted. The SWB tests were triggered based on the Global NavigationSatellite System (GNSS) position, so …”

Intermediate Layer Classification S. 104-126

„… Weather Information SystemRoad weather information systems use special weather stations located at the …” „… the next Road WeatherInformation System (RWIS) station. This can be seen as baseline to show the …” „… stationprovides the five input properties specified. During the conducted measurements, themeasured road condition …”

Bibliography S. 155-174

„… dynamic systems, measurement, and control. 2003,vol. 125, no. 4, pp. 607–617.40. AHN, C.; PENG, H.; TSENG …” „… controller for antilock brakesystem. Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control. 2013, vol. 135, no …” „… the starting valueoptimization technique and the IMMa optimization algorithm. Vehicle SystemDynamics …”

Fundamentals of Tyre Friction and its Effect in Tyre Models S. 36-54

„… friction potential measurement systems and calculate the EFI. Eichhorn [90]uses macrotexture measurements …” „… .Other researchers use measurements of the road macro- and/or microtexture to cal-culate characteristics …” „… friction potentialhas been related to RoadSTAR measurements in [94] with a rather good linear correl-ation …”

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AgEng LAND.TECHNIK 2022

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2406 2022

Results in this title

D. Janke, M. Bornwin, T. Amon, B. Amon, K. Coorevits, P. v. Overbeke, A. Declerck, P. Demeyer Development and validation of a low-cost online monitoring tool to manage barn climate and emissions from livestock housing systems S. 203-210

„… measurements were clearly visible (6.7 % for CO2, and 30 % for NH3), the low-cost system is suitable as a …” „… the reference measurements were clearly visible (Δ30%). However, the low-cost system can still be …” „… measurement of barn climate and gaseous emissions from dairy housing systems is associated with enormous …”

S. Dieckmeyer, M. Schröder An interactive solution to calibrate loss sensors of a combine harvester S. 25-30

„… solution description we will present an intuitive approach on setting up the loss measurement system of a …” „… . How could this measurement have implications for the setting of the loss measurement system? How …” „… leads to maladjustments of the loss measurements system of the machine. As a consequence this has a huge …”

C. Stumpe, S. Böttinger Grassland yield prediction and mapping in small-scaled regions S. 149-154

„… Unmanned Aerial System Remote Sensing Satellite Remote Sensing harvest-accompanying Throughput measurement …” „… aerial system (UAS) remote sensing, and power demand measurement of the mower are suitable for small …” „… data and a weather-independent use. Rising Plate Meter measurements The RPM is a system for manual …”

R. R. Shamshiri, C. Weltzien, I. Zytoon, B. Sakal Evaluation of Laser and Infrared Sensors with CANBUS Communication for Collision Avoidance of a Mobile Robot S. 121-130

„… inaccuracies in the GPS and IMU measurements. This paper reports on the evaluation of three laser range finders …” „… CANBUS communication between different electrical control units (ECUs). The Robot operating system (ROS …” „… ) was used for communication between the collision avoidance system and the main GPS-based navigation …”

M. Altaleb, J. Hertzberg, H. Deeken, B. Wrenger Analysis of Combine Harvester Threshing Systems Across Different Climate Regions S. 17-24

„… system to optimize the machine performance of the separation and cleaning systems, while the threshing …” „… correlations with the threshing system in combine harvesters. The research uses a big dataset of machine …” „… optimization system. In both approaches, the combine harvester must be configured with suitable settings. It …”

S. Dekkers, W. Saeys, B. Missotten Assessment of cutting quality on a combine harvester header using optical flow – Relation between velocity drop over knife and stubble height variation S. 165-172

„… cereal harvesting, the cutting system has become the limiting factor for further capacity increases. The …” „… search for innovative solutions requires techniques to evaluate the cutting quality of the system. In …” „… internal processes, the cutting system, separating the stems from the roots has become a limiting factor …”

H. Tavakoli, J. Correa, S. Vogel, R. Gebbers RapidMapper – a mobile multi-sensor platform for the assessment of soil fertility in precision agriculture S. 351-358

„… be in contact with the soil for the measurements, are mounted to the movable frame. The ER system of …” „… different measurement principles may lead to more accurate and reliable predictions [2, VDI-Berichte Nr …” „… (Germany). Within the BonaRes project “I4S (Intelligence for Soil) – Integrated System for Site-Specific …”

S. Hempel, L. Ouatahar, D. Janke, T. Amon A nested semi-mechanistic model to predict the temporal dynamics of ammonia emissions from a solid floor naturally ventilated dairy cattle building – Parameter estimation and associated uncertainties S. 197-202

„… ventilated housing systems with minimal measurement efforts. As test case, a dataset with about ten months of …” „… volume flow and concentration measurements at the building scale to train regression models or a …” „… on-farm measurements in a naturally ventilated dairy cattle building with scraped solid floor in Northern …”

A. Schweiger, H. Bernhardt Natural light interpretation for sports turf management and smart illumination development S. 365-374

„… second (µmol/m2*s). Depending on light measurement device and spectra these two units can be converted to …” „… illumination development system for the areas of the field. In the end an outlook will be given for the change …” „… location is available. Unfortunately, the measurement of natural light in all areas over the change of …”

V. Ernst, J. Schwehn, N. Ebertshauser, S. Böttinger Investigations on the rolling resistance of tractor tires using coast down tests S. 581-588

„… systems of modern tractors without the need of complex and specialized measurement equipment like force …” „… normally requires complex and specialized measurement equipment like force measuring rims or load cells …” „… modern tractors (J1939 or ISOBUS) without the need of complex and specialized measurement equipment like …”

J. M. Anderson, S. Foroushani, A. Hansen, G. Hoffmann, T. Ilte, D. Janke, R. Shamshiri, B. Sturm, M. Senft, C. Weltzien IoT platform challenges, planning, and implementation for the Leibniz Innovation Farm (InnoHof) S. 525-532

„… digital network system is underway, comparing the feasibility of installing wireless network systems and …” „… enable modern research methods and measurement techniques for the numerous studies that will be carried …” „… out by the InnoHof scientists and farmers, a comprehensive Internet of Things (IoT) system will be …”

H. Sahu, D. Janke, T. Amon, S. Hempel Investigation of the vertical distribution of ammonia, methane, and carbon dioxide in a naturally ventilated dairy barn – Evaluation of gaseous pollutants concentrations S. 601-610

„… will be useful for the design of optimized gas sampling setups for the direct measurement of emissions …” „… literature, the bias of sensor positioning on GC meas-urement using physical models [6,7] and the effect of …” „… height for GC measurements. Materials and methods The experiments were conducted over two months in a …”

S. H. F. Al-Rikabi, E. Santolini, M. Bovo, A. Barbaresi, D. Torreggiani, P. Tassinari, B. Pulvirenti Definition of a Porous Media Model Simulating the Presence of a Small Canopy Crops in a Greenhouse – CFD simulations and comparison with experimental tests S. 639-648

„… [1]. Natural ventilation is a system commonly used to regulate the climate in greenhouses. It …” „… bench(on the left) with points of measurements (on the right). The measurements were conducted on the 29th …” „… and averaged over a 10-minute period. The measurements required for this study were made between …”

F. Herter, C. Schwaer Valuation Method for Corn head integrated Stubble Cracker System S. 173-178

„… integrated system has a big benefit in CO2 emission with slight disadvantage in working quality. Both systems …” „… Valuation Method for Corn head integrated Stubble Cracker System Felix Herter, B. Eng …” „… integrated a mechanical stubble cracker system into CLAAS corn heads in order to destroy the habitat of the …”

A. Hecker, B. Striller, F. Boye, Norman Franchi, H. Freytag Aspects on Applying and Operating Campus Networks in Agriculture S. 411-418

„… prerequisites for the functionality of FMIS to become one single, however complex, software system for several …” „… example of site planning and measurement performed prior to the ON/OFF Road Safety Demo – one of the …” „… creation, the operators or owners of the areas must come to an agreement. Measurements at the boundaries of …”

H.-J. Seo, S.-W. Lee, I.-H. Seo Monitoring of worker’s particulate matter exposure concentration in broiler houses – Analysis of the characteristics of worker exposure to particulate matter in broiler houses S. 327-334

„… the raise use of forced ventilation system application in broiler house, workers PM(particulate …” „… ventilation system and animal activity are closely related to particulate matter concentration. VDI-Berichte …” „… immune system diseases and asthma may appear[2],[3],[4],[5],[6]. Particulate matter (PM) containing …”

H. Battke, L. Krause, J. Petri China’s spraying drone trend – a European opportunity? S. 217-234

„… with three measurements per plantSampling Setup and Data collectionFor each spraying system, one test …” „… WSP measurements percanopy height level and 48 per run.VDI-Berichte Nr. 2406, 2022226Figure 7: a …” „… statistical software R (version 4.2.1) andthe library tidyverse. For each height level, all measurements were …”

S. Kubinski, T. Meinel Methodology for the development of a plant detection system based on mechanical properties of crops using the example of corn – Contribution to the cost-effective enabling of plant-individual care mea... S. 135-140

„… single-crop-detection-system [5]. The close2crop zone shall not be hoed to prevent crop damage. Single-crop-detection-systems …” „… Methodology for the development of a plant detection system based on mechanical properties of crops …” „… differencing. This paper deals with the methodology for the development of a plant detection system, which uses …”

N. Katsoulas, M. Aslanidou, A. Elvanidi, A. Mourantian, E. Levizo, V. Vassiliadis, E. Mente Simulation of Ca2+ and K+ concentrations in the nutrient solution of an aquaponic system S. 469-476

„… simulation model, measurements were performed in the pilot aquaponic system of the University of Thessaly in …” „… measurements An experiment was carried out between May and July of 2020 in the decoupled aquaponic system of …” „… design and management of aquaponic systems. Keywords: aquaponic system; model; tilapia; nutrient …”

J. A. Diaz-Olivares, A. van-Nuenen, B. Aernouts, I. Adriaens, W. Saeys Near-infrared spectroscopic sensor system for milk composition analysis: an on-farm real-time application S. 93-100

„… Near-infrared spectroscopic sensor system for milk composition analysis: an on-farm real-time …” „… monitoring of milk composition. For every milking performed by an automatic milking system (AMS), the …” „… equipped with an automatic milking system (AMS) the average number of milkings per cow ranges from 2.2 to …”

S. Röttgermann, G. Podann, J. IJsselmuiden, F. Tamminga, N. van de Westeringh, K. Jayaraj, D. Matos, D. Albrecht Disturbance Input Detection and Performance Monitoring for Smart Agricultural Implements S. 141-148

„… , one of our test implements was equipped with a LiDAR-based measurement and evaluation system. [9 …” „… machine setting. However, at the latest when the field is tilled fully autonomously, the machine system …” „… . Through various preliminary investigations at LEMKEN [5, 6, 7], the prototypical overall system was …”

M. Gränitz, J. Hirth Sensors for Agriculture Robots – How sensors and software enable the transformation towards highly automated and sustainable agricultural production systems – a platform-based development approach – S. 343-350

„… with respect to plants is mandatory. This requires a sensor system which allows the detection of the …” „… be detected. In summary a sensor system is needed that has the following characteristics:  High …” „… experience slippage on slopes. Therefore, an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) has been applied, to have …”

A. Kavga, T. Petrakis, V. Thomopoulos The contribution of innovative semi-transparent photovoltaics for energy autonomy in the field of greenhouse systems S. 61-68

„… cultivation and an energy production system on the same piece of land, such as GIPV systems, could be a …” „… Integrated Photovoltaic System (GIPV) is presented, using all the above elements, with the aim of its …” „… production system using solar radiation is essentially based on the intensity of the radiation incident on …”

A. Kavga, T. Petrakis, I. Lycoskoufis, V. Thomopoulos The contribution of innovative semi-transparent photovoltaics for energy autonomy in the field of greenhouse systems S. 631-638

„… both energy and food. In this paper, a Greenhouse Integrated Photovoltaic System (GIPV) is presented …” „… pollutants, such as CO2. An energy production system using solar radiation is essentially based on the …” „… intensity of the radiation incident on the system. The need for both the cultivation and the specific system …”

L. Wannasek, D. May, D. Tyris, T. Amon Design of an on-farm biomethane upgrading plant with hybrid compression and filling station S. 259-266

„… the pre-treatment, to reduce the energy consumption of the integrated system by about 5%, and enable …” „… constructed entirely in an open-frame design on a 20ft frame. For summer/winter operation, all system …” „… heat-insulated zones of the system, which are not at risk of frost, are also preheated by means of heating for a …”

L. Wenzel, T. Stein, H. J. Meyer Automatic onboard process and worktype identification of agricultural machinery with Edge Devices S. 403-410

„… based on recorded position and/or machine data. The company FarmDok, for example, offers a system that …” „… and determine an appropriate action. The system of 365FarmNet offers the possibility of an automatic …” „… , such as a Farm Management Information System (FMIS). The algorithm has a two-step structure. In the …”

L. Friedrich, P. Simon, A. Hoffmann, K.-L. Krieger Classification of manure type and their influence on the accuracy of nutrient determination in organic manures using NIR spectroscopy S. 359-364

„… system? To explore the effect, we first evaluated different classification algorithms to classify manure …” „… , knowledge about the manure type is often missing, or at least it is unknown to the NIR sensor system …” „… ammonium nitrogen (NH4N). To counteract both inhomogeneity and sedimentation during measurement, we mixed …”

M. Reyhani, E. Santolini, M. Bovo, A. Barbaresi, D. Torreggiani, P. Tassinari A comparative life cycle analysis of living walls S. 235-244

„… a systemic evaluation contributing to the sustainable design of living walls system (LWS). This work …” „… results obtained for the two systems under study shown in Table 3, the felt-based system has higher …” „… Green system, Sustainability, Environmental Impact Assessment, Green wall. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2406, 2022 …”

C. M. Levrault, J. T. Eekelder, J. P. M. Ploegaert, N. M. W. Ogink Measurement of dairy cows‘ individual methane production rates: the Cubicle Hood Sampler, an on-barn alternative S. 85-92

„… Measurement of dairy cows‘ individual methane production rates: the Cubicle Hood Sampler, an …” „… system can collect samples over long periods of time, corresponding to the ten to twelve hours cows spend …” „… ]. Additional sensors and techniques also place this system as a promising tool in terms of both accuracy and …”

E. Thiessen, M. Eslamifar, R. Kock, E. Hartung, P. Lausen On Farm Validation of different NIR Sensors for Manure Sensing S. 9-16

„… . Material and Methods Measurement set up For that purpose, a mobile manure test bench was designed and …” „… constant flow of manure through the whole system. In the test line, there were different NIR and additional …” „… h N, NH4, P, DM, pH Study approach At 13 farms in northern Germany the system was used to …”

A. D. Sonawane, N. Pathak, P. Mahajan, C. Weltzien Ethylene and oxygen evolution inside perforated packages: – A case study for avocados Ethylene and oxygen evolution S. 499-508

„… system was made airtight with the help of nuts and bolts that tightened the hollow ring to fix the …” „… ethylene accumulation inside the cylinder. Measurement of perforation area: The perforation diameters were …” „… al. 2022 [3]. Measurement of ethylene and oxygen inside the package: The ethylene concentration …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XXII

„… University of Athens, GreeceOptimal design of a hybrid power generation system for greenhouses …” „… . Tassinari, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, ItalyMeasurement of dairy …” „… sensor system for milk composition analysis: an on-farm real-time application …”

J. Mellmann, T. Ziegler, T. Teodorov, T. Hoffmann, R. Joachim, B. Sturm Homogenization of belt drying of hops by controlling the supply air humidity using partial air recirculation S. 211-216

„… measurements of the actual state. The controlled partial recirculation operation ultimately had a positive …” „… be tested on a practical system, with the focus on increasing energy efficiency. For this purpose, a …” „… system and control measures to the operator of the drying plant to optimize operation. In summer 2021, a …”

G. Hoffmann, J. Heinicke, S. Wille, T. Amon Influence of barn climate on the rumen temperature of lactating dairy cows – Does the rumen temperature of dairy cows react under heat stress? S. 69-74

„… were collected from 40 cows (2nd to 7th lactation) housed in a loose housing system with cubicles over …” „… ventilated dairy barn with cubicle loose housing system in Brandenburg, Germany, as part of the DigiMuh …” „… %. The THI of both measurement points was averaged afterwards with one average THI value of the barn per …”

D. Sousa, R. Moutinho, C. Resende, J. Oliveira, M. Roque, R. Graca, A. Oliveira-Jr, W. Moreira, L. Carvalho Underground Sensing Probes for Precision Agriculture S. 625-630

„… ), through the VDI-Berichte Nr. 2406, 2022 629Incentive System to Research and Technological development …” „… Different Soil Compositions. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 70, 1-13. [3] Lin, K …” „… ). Experiment Measurements of RSSI for Wireless Underground Sensor Network in Soil. IAENG Int’l Journal of Comp …”

A. Panambilly, P. Schade Smart Constituent Sensing using HarvestLabTM 3000 – An innovative NIR based Constituent Sensing solution S. 335-342

„… intelligence driven smart system. Introduction to NIR based Constituent Sensing and Calibration Development …” „… Constituent Sensing using an RGB Camera Augmented NIR Sensor Fig. 2: Camera Augmented NIR Sensor System The …” „… fundamental difference between a conventional NIR sensor system and our camera augmented approach is …”

A. Tempelaere, H. Minh Phan, T. Van De Looverbosch, P. Verboven, B. Nicolai Non-destructive internal disorder detection in pear fruit using X-ray radiographs and deep learning S. 517-524

„… the absence of a reliable disorder detection system. These disorders are externally invisible and …” „… implemented in an inline sorting system [5]. Here, AI can also be used for detection of deteriorated fruit …” „… gantry CT system (SOMATOM Definition, Flash, Siemens, Germany) in the UZ Leuven hospital (Leuven, Belgium …”

J. Henningsen, C. Schroth Challenges and potential of NIR sensors to simplify the generation of nitrogen flow balances – Digital mapping of nitrogen cycles S. 1-8

„… data) of organic fertilizers or for recording harvest qualities. NIR is an optical measurement …” „… available at: https://food.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2020-05/f2f_action-plan_2020_strategy-info_en.pdf, last …”

Q. Yi, D. Janke, X. Wang, B. Amon, T. Amon Effects of Roof Design on Near Ground Gaseous Emissions from a Naturally-ventilated Pig Barn S. 595-600

„… were calculated. The measurements were performed at the positions densely distributed at different …” „… results will help to further optimise roof design and also contribute to emission measure-ments of …” „… comprehensive measurements under controlled boundary conditions and with varied building geometries, and is …”

M. A. Moreno-Teruel, F. D. Molina-Aiz, D. L. Valera-Martinez, A. Lopez-Martinez, F. Baptista Numerical and Experimental Analysis of the Stomatal Resistance of a Tomato Crop in Almería (Spain) S. 439-446

„… 1 m and 2 m height were installed, as well as sensors for the measurement of solar and PAR radiation …” „… measurements were made with a portable photosynthesis analyzer in 12 tomato plants distributed in the west and …” „… east sector, making a total of 270 measurements. From the climatic parameters measured inside the …”

J. Schemminger, Sharvari Raut, B. Sturm, Albrecht Daniel, Thijs Defraeye A digital shadow to study the convective drying of carrot slices S. 155-164

„… , can contextualize measurements by integrating them into the physical and chemical mechanisms. Thus …” „… of drying – e.g., of its dimensions – is joined by the variability of measurement methods used to …” „… Dynamic Process Control and Measurement Techniques,” Food Bioprocess Technol., no. March, 2021, doi …”

C. Depenbrock, L. Frerichs Investigation and testing of a novel concept for straw management with the “Kombi-Mulcher” – How the decoupling of combine threshing and straw management by means of a “Kombi-Mulcher” contributes to e... S. 179-188

„… . The focus is on two areas of measurement data recording, firstly on the internal data on the data bus …” „… to document the fuel consumption. The evaluation of the measurement fully confirms the investigations …” „… proven. By evaluating the measurement results from the statistical test design, the existing correlations …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024065

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Grid-Based Object Tracking

Sascha Steyer

Series: Mess-, Steuerungs- und Regelungstechnik

Volume 1272 2021

Results in this title

Measurement Grid Representation and Fusion S. 13-38

„… measurement data as occupancy grids that directly use the polar coordinate system of the respective …” „… system, i.e., the angle θrz corresponds to the angle between that radial measurement direction and the …” „… measurement grid is represented in reference to the fixed odometry coordinate system, this time instance is …”

Evaluation S. 127-164

„… evaluated quantitatively using real sensor data of a test vehicle with a reference measurement system. Two …” „… to the standard deviation of the expected measurement, further increases the system robustness, as it …” „… measurement time to focus on the filtering behavior, i.e., sensor and system latencies as well as the …”

Object State Estimation S. 101-126

„… of all radar measurements to an equation system, resulting in a least-squares (LSQ) optimization …” „… 5 Object State Estimation The previous chapters have presented how measurement data are processed …” „… radar velocity measurements and camera classification information are evaluated to further improve the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XII

„… accumulate measurement data by a dynamic occupancy grid model, whereas moving objects are extracted …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2 Measurement Grid Representation and Fusion 13 2.1 Introduction …” „… Measurement Grids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2.3.1 Generic Position-Based …”

Dynamic Grid Mapping and Particle Tracking S. 39-78

„… and fusion of sensor measurements as measurement grids. The fused measurement grid thereby contains …” „… measurement data that approximately represent a single time instance. This chapter focuses on the subsequent …” „… temporal accumulation of the fused measurement grids over time, i.e., the occupancy grid mapping. As the …”

Introduction S. 1-12

„… complex scenarios in the context of autonomous driving, also using reference measurement systems for …” „… measurement data have to be processed in different ways to obtain such information. This environment …” „… measurement data by specific features. A robust object tracking further requires a temporal filtering over …”

Conclusion S. 165-168

„… freespace, which has to be robustly estimated by processing measurement data of multiple sensors – those …” „… tracking with a consistent estimation of static obstacles as well as passable freespace. Measurement data …” „… . Objects are thus estimated based on the combined measurement data of all sensors in this work; the …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186272089

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Messunsicherheit 2019

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2365 2019

Results in this title

S. Vasilyan, N. Rogge, T. Fröhlich Metrology in direct photon momentum measurement S. 193-206

„… considered in case when using a Planck balance [5, 6] like mass/force measurement system and considering …” „… Metrology in direkter Photonenimpulsmessung Metrology in direct photon momentum measurement …” „… Universität Ilmenau Abstract Advances in the field of mass/force measurements together with the …”

T. Fröhlich, N. Rogge, S. Vasilyan, F. Hilbrunner, C. Rothleitner, L. Günther, D. Knopf, S. Lin, F. Härtig The Planck-Balance (PB2) – Using a fixed value of the Planck constant to calibrate E2-weights S. 41-52

„… , 11-external coil and magnet system [20]. The measurement equation for this set-up (neglecting air …” „… magnet system from three single magnet systems (4). The width of the housing is 200 mm [24 …” „… processes any longer, because all measurements are traceable via the electrical quantities to the Planck …”

T. Sasiuk, T. Fröhlich, R. Theska, M. Darnieder Generation of a static torque in the range of 1 mN·m to 1 N·m according to the Jokey-weight principle S. 111-120

„… measurement range up to 1 N·m are part of the different precision devices, for example robot or tools for …” „… laboratories.In order to enable traceable measurements, the measured torques of the devices must be compared with …” „… the measurement uncertainty of VDI-Berichte Nr. 2365, 2019 111 the torque standard machines. For the …”

F. Fern, R. Schienbein, R. Füßl Neues Konzept für eine fünfachsige Nanomessmaschine S. 131-138

„… by an in-situ-measurement system. It consists of three Cartesian arranged Fabry-Pérot-interferometers …” „… comparator principle for all measurement axes the motion error of the sensor during the rotation is measured …” „… der in-situ-Referenzmesssystems ( , , ) ist im Vergleich zum Maschinenkoordinaten-system ( , , ) um 45 …”

D. Imkamp, C. Sommerhuber Konformitätsbewertung bei geometrischen Messaufgaben in der Produktion: ISO 14253 und industrielle Praxis S. 139-146

„… Motor Co., General Motors Corp.: Measurement System Analysis (MSA), Reference Manual, 4 …” „… Neuerung der Ausgabe von 2018. 2. Abstract Measurement uncertainty statements are used in production …” „… measurement uncertainty and tolerance, the measurement uncertainty can have a significant influence on the …”

N. Schiering, O. Schnelle-Werner, K.-D. Sommer Modellbildung in der Messtechnik – ein Überblick S. 171-178

„… ] Sommer, K. D.: Modelling of Measurements, System Theory, and Uncertainty Evaluation. In …” „… Expertenwissen über das (Mess-) System erforderlich Für sehr komplexe Systeme mit unbekanntem Aufbau und …” „… Entwicklungen. Abstract Models are an inseparable part of measurement technology and metrology. Basically …”

C. Mester Technologiegerechtes Kalibrierprogramm für moderne Messgeräte – Neue Möglichkeiten durch Kalibrierung tatsächlich nutzbar machen S. 75-86

„… Measurement of Energy, Efficiency and Power Quality in the Electric Railway System. Conference on Precision …” „… . Bridges use a null method of measurement. Nowadays, much more versatile instruments are available. Even …” „… though they are often wrongly called bridges, they use an indirect method of measurement. This …”

N. Rogge Störgrößenidentifikation in der dynamischen Wägetechnik S. 67-74

„… sowohl mechanischer als auch elektrischer Störphänomene. Abstract The measurement uncertainty and the …” „… by internal and external disturbances. In order to reduce uncertainty and measurement time alike, it …” „… measurement process. This contribution demonstrates the identification of examples of electrical and …”

Eignungsnachweis/Prüfprozessüberwachung S. 307-336

„… Eingriffsgrenzen erfolgen, fällt das System wieder in den Ausgangszustand der Grundqualifizierung zurück. In …” „… „eigenen“ Prüfpläne, also bei einer Datenerfassung in Q-DAS O-QIS (Operator Quality Information System …” „… Werkzeugmaschine in der Produktion ständig wechselnden thermischen Lasten ausgesetzt ist, wurde ein System zur …”

Prüfplanung/Prüfmittelüberwachung S. 257-306

„… ] beschrieben ist. Alternativ dazu kann die Eignung basierend auf dem %QMS (Measurement System) bzw. dem %QMP …” „… Standards beschriebenen Vorgehensweisen entsprechen. Dabei wird auf die MSA (Measurement Systems Analysis …” „… Co., General Motors Corp. Measurement Systems Analysis, Reference Manual, 4. Auflage. Michigan, USA …”

D. Corminboeuf Calibration and application using inductive voltage dividers – Calibration of inductive voltage divider and generation of very small AC voltages for the calibration of lock-in amplifiers. S. 99-110

„… calibration of lock-in amplifiers The principle of this measurement system is based on AC voltage ratios …” „… measurement system for a voltage amplitude of 10 µV at 100 Hz with the folowing components: IVDref …” „… system for the calibration of inductive voltage dividers (IVDs) is presented. The bootstrap method used …”

J. van der Grinten A comparison of statistical testing and Monte Carlo methods for Conformity assessment S. 227-240

„… requirements relating to a product, process, system, person or body are fulfilled (JCGM-106 [1], section 3.3.1 …” „… clients use the measurement results to decide whether the instrument meets its pre-set specifications …” „… . Often this decision is complicated by the measurement uncertainty of the calibration result, especially …”

F. Härtig, K. Lehrmann Das neue internationale Einheitensystem – jetzt auch für Außerirdische S. 1-14

„… system of Units – now approachable for extraterrestrial also Dr.-Ing. Prof. h. c. Frank Härtig, M.Sc …” „… der Basis von Fundamentalkonstanten ist ein System in Kraft getreten, das eine deutlich höhere …” „… Hinblick auf dessen Realisierungsbereiche auferlegt. Ein System, das viele Vorteile bietet, jedoch …”

A. C. Böck Spezifikationen verstehen – Basis der Konformitätsbewertung und Messunsicherheitsbetrachung S. 23-34

„… Understanding specification – basis for conformity statement and measurement uncertainty analysis Dipl.-Phys …” „… influence quantities for the measurement uncertainty budget. 1. Was sind Spezifikationen? Wie lese ich …” „… dazugehörigen Anzeigegeräts des Herstellers AST Angewandte System Technik GmbH, Mess- und Regeltechnik …”

S. Lin, C. Rothleitner, L. Günther, D. Knopf, F. Härtig, N. Rogge, S. Vasilyan, F. Hilbrunner, T. Fröhlich The Planck-Balance (PB2) – Tracing the mass via electrical quantities S. 53-66

„… uncertainty for a 20 g mass measurement will be given. 1. Introduction Originally, Kibble balances were …” „… developed for the measurement of the Planck constant. To this end a well calibrated (traceable to the …” „… in the measurement setup, a calibrated weight can be used and and can be compared, i.e. the Bl in …”

R. Michel Messunsicherheiten und Konformität mit Anforderungen S. 241-256

„… Messunsicherheiten und Konformität mit Anforderungen Uncertainty in measurements and conformity …” „… auf der Grundlage des ISO Guides for the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement zu beurteilen …” „… statistical foundation of the concepts of uncertainty in measurements is discussed. The basics of the ISO …”

L. Günther, F. Härtig Der digitale Zwilling für metrologische Anwendungen S. 217-226

„… Messunsicherheit, beschrieben in “Evaluation of measurement data – Guide to the expression of uncertainty in …” „… measurement methods” (GUM) [1], hat besonders bei nicht-linearen oder korrelierten Zusammenhängen den …” „… measurement data – Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement”. Bureau International des Poids et …”

A. M. Müller, T. Hausotte Verbesserung dimensioneller Messungen auf Grundlage der Einzelpunktgüte und -Messunsicherheit S. 179-192

„… . Wohlgemuth und T. Hausotte, „Simulation-based correction of systematic errors for CT measurements“ in 8th …” „… . Hausotte, „Development of a virtual metrological CT for numerical measurement uncertainty determination …” „… of locally determined work piece deviations and measurement uncertainties for structured-light …”

Prüfprozess-Management in der Praxis S. 337-XIII

„… of capability for dimensional measurements by means of computed tomography on a medical device. The …” „… influencing factors on the measurement uncertainty, the parameter space for the selected representative …” „… inspection process is defined. In order to determine the measurement uncertainty UMP, repeat measurements …”

T. Kistner Oberflächenformmodelle mechanisch bearbeiteter Werkstücke für die Messunsicherheitsbestimmung mit dem virtuellen Koordinatenmessgerät S. 159-170

„… created on the basis of manufacturing data or reference measurements. 1. Einleitung Die …” „… ] JGCM 101:2008: Evaluation of measurement data – Supplement 1 to the “Guide to the expression of …” „… uncertainty in measurement” – Propagation of distributions using a Monte Carlo method, JGCM (Joint Committee …”

M. Hernla Messunsicherheit bei der Best-Einpassung von Lochbildern – Methoden zur Best-Einpassung und zur Unsicherheitsermittlung S. 147-158

„… (Chebycheff) and L1-Norm. The determination of the measurement uncertainty until today is not yet …” „… Berlin 1996 [9] JCGM 101: Evaluation of measurement data – Supplement 1 to the “Guide to the Expression …” „… of Uncertainty in Measurement” – Propagation of distributions using a Monte Carlo Method. Bureau …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-X

„… photon momentum measurement …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 T. Ring, Böhme & Weihs Systemtechnik, Wuppertal Aktualisierte Entscheidungsregeln der …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023655

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16. Internationale VDI-Tagung Reifen-Fahrwerk-Fahrbahn 2017

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2296 2017

Results in this title

J. Pinay, F. Gauterin, H.-J. Unrau Experimental Study of the Tire Cavity Noise and its Correlation with the Exterior Tire-Road Noise Emission S. 199-214

„… measurement system for the application of field operational tests,” in 2016 Annual IEEE Systems Conference …” „… self-developed measurement system, it is now possible to predict the emitted tire-road noise by measuring the …” „… . At the Institute for Vehicle System Technology, a new measurement system was developed in the …”

A. Gallrein, M. Bäcker, F. Calabrese Einfluß der Dynamik des Füllgases des Reifens auf Betriebszustände S. 215-232

„… kann dabei vom MKS-System als konstant, aber auch als zeitlich veränderlich vorgegeben werden, um z. B …” „… and validation of the overall model by comparison with respective measurements, we also describe how …” „… element in polar coordinate system If the cross section area of the tire tube would be constant in …”

T. Raste, B. Hartmann, M. Kretschmann Assistance System for Aquaplaning Situations S. 1-20

„… Assistance System for Aquaplaning Situations Dr.-Ing. Thomas Raste, Dipl.-Ing. Bernd Hartmann …” „… . Furthermore a simulation environment for developing and evaluation of an active safety system for aquaplaning …” „… effects of a vehicle aquaplaning. A control system is designed and tested to evaluate the assistance …”

M. Selig, M. Meyer, F. Petry, S. Westermann Reifensimulationsmodelle der Zukunft S. 33-46

„… variety of tire measurements to extract typical tire characteristics by tuning the curve coefficients …” „… with different measurement protocols, which may lead to hardly comparable tire model datasets. After …” „… the measurement data is available, the tire model parameters are identified. Most of the tire models …”

F. Calabrese, C. Ludwig, M. Bäcker, A. Gallrein Parameter-Identifikation eines thermomechanischen Reifenmodells basierend auf Flachbahn-Messungen S. 57-76

„… Tyre Characteristic Measurement2, Vehicle System Dynamics, Vol. 27, Iss. Sup001, 1997 …” „… Measurements Ing. F. Calabrese, Dr. rer. nat. M. Bäcker, Dipl.-Ing. Dipl.-Math. A. Gallrein, Fraunhofer …” „… (see [1]). The necessary measurements and the parameter identification procedure represent always a …”

K. Höpping, K. Augsburg, F. Büchner Vergleich des Reifenfülldruckeinflusses auf Reifenkennlinienmessungen unter Labor- und Realbedingungen S. 233-256

„… Influence of various pressures in pneumatic tire on braking process of car with anti-lock braking system …” „… of Anti-Lock Braking System Equipped Passenger Vehicles – Part III: Braking as a Function of Tire …” „… (NHTSA): Tire Pressure Monitoring System FMVSS No. 138. Final Regulatory Impact Analysis, Washington D.C …”

T. Linke, M. Wangenheim, K. Wiese, B. Wies Ein neuer Laborprüfstand zur Bewertung von einzelnen Reifenprofilklötzen S. 257-270

„… evaluation of the single tread block. To cope with future requirements to tires a detailed measurement of …” „… local force measurement for single tread block. By controlling and adjusting its degrees of freedom …” „… measured precisely. The possibilities of the new test rig will be demonstrated via exemplary measurement …”

G. Heinrich, A. Das Smart Rubber and Tire Innovations for Next Tire Generations S. 271-282

„… reflected in measurements of the fatigue and wear properties of the corresponding rubber material. We …” „… implementation of sensor systems into the tire which allow, for example, to measure permanently and continuously …” „… multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), conducting carbon black (CCB) and various mixed filler systems [8-10 …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181022962

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