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Automation 2023

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2419 2023

Results in this title

R. Hana, I. Ünal, T. Kleinert Scaling up anomaly detection in measurement data for process plants S. 915-926

„… Scaling up anomaly detection in measurement data for process plants Ramy Hana, Ismail Ünal, Prof …” „… development of machine parsable P&I diagrams such as DEXPI [Data Exchange in Process Industry] [1] and PandIX …” „… (Data Exchange in the Process Industry) is an initiative that was driven by BASF, Bayer Technology …”

G. Ghasemi, D. Braun, N. Jazdi, M. Weyrich, S. Holtkotte, N. Richter, J. Birk A data-driven approach to analyze industrial process alarms using the association analysis method S. 777-790

„… A data-driven approach to analyze industrial process alarms using the association analysis method …” „… is widely established to use alarm management as a continuous improvement process. Therein, big data …” „… process data, system data, and operator actions are visualized in a tree presenting the alarm sequences …”

H. Ouni, R. Tan, M. Gärtler, C. Song Comparison of various Dynamic Time Warping approaches for analysis of time series data from batch processes S. 819-834

„… series data collected from batch processes can be segmented such that the segments correspond to certain …” „… alignment in data driven modeling of batch processes," Frontiers in Chemical Engineering, vol. 2, p. 582126 …” „… Model to Generate Batch Process Data for Machine Learning Testing and Comparison," Computer Aided …”

W. Li, S. Heppner, R. Hana, I. Kornijez, T. Miny, T. Kleinert Praktische Anwendung von Verwaltungsschale zum Aufbau eines Digitalen Zwillings einer hierarchischen Prozessanlage in Laborumgebung S. 137-152

„… ]. [14] R. Hana, Ü. Ismail and K. Tobias, "Scaling up anomaly detection in measurement data for process …” „… Digital Twin of a Hierarchical Process Plant in a Laboratory Environment W. Li M.Sc., S. Heppner M.Sc., R …” „… equipment hierarchies, such as those found in process plants or equipment with multiple subordinate assets …”

R. Hana, T. Kleinert Semantic models in process monitoring – Semantic models for field device performance monitoring in the process industry in the context of industry 4.0 S. 233-244

„… per NE159 PA-DIM EDD attributes Process data properties Location properties NAMUR Standard parameters …” „… to be updated to reflect the new process data. Another plausible change would be replacing a …” „… K. Tobias, "Scaling up anomaly detection in measurement data for process plants (abstract submitted …”

C. Song, K. Kornmeier, M. Gärtler Unsupervised Learning of Batch Production Steps based on Toeplitz Inverse Covariance S. 791-804

„… is highly dependent on the data and process. Additionally, the classifier's prediction quality …” „… that our workflow can identify most batch phases from real process data. In future work, we plan to …” „… states or patterns in various multivariate time series datasets, including automobile sen-sor data [9 …”

K. O. Oladipupo, S. Käbisch, C. Diedrich Integration Concept of PROFIBUS and PROFINET devices into Asset Administration Shell using Asset Interface Description submodel S. 259-278

„… specific information such as asset nameplate, documentation, maintenance information, asset process data …” „… data does it provide (process data, configuration data etc.), what function can the asset exhibit(start …” „… processes provides an avenue to tackle majority of these problems. Asset Administration Shell (AAS) [1 …”

D. Göllner, T. Klausmann, P. Wißbrock, H. Stichweh Automated Setup of Condition Monitoring with Digital Twins S. 5-20

„… series database. In the first step, it gathers the data from the sensor and pre-processes it. Afterwards …” „… condition monitoring solutions as well as runtime access to required process data. The proposed method is …” „… . The time-consuming and labor-intensive process of data acquisition is one of the most significant …”

W. Guo, W. Sun, D. Vrucak, I. Garmaev, T. Kleinert, B. Friedrich, K. Greiff Strukturierung der Datenerhebung für die Recyclingphase: Recycelbare Metalle von Smartphones S. 805-818

„… recycling objects require distinct recycling processes, which in turn necessitate various data models and …” „… smartphone components In the smartphone parameter data collection process, we found that manufacturers …” „… to a database that stores data in a non-relational format and provides a specific method for data …”

A. Stutz, M. Maurmaier, G. Biehler, S. Höme, M. Blumenstein OPC UA FX – A Potential Cross Communication Solution for the Module Type Package Concept S. 215-232

„… intro-duced a new Publish/Subscribe mechanism with an Adaptive Logic extension to pre-process exchanged data …” „… created in the Process Value Set. Process values can be of data types BOOL, DINT, REAL, or STRING. The …” „… VDI/VDE/NAMUR 2658 and the Open Process Automation Standard [9] was presented. In [4] software patterns for the …”

W. Otten, A. Schüller Informationsmodelle für das integrierte Engineering in der Prozessindustrie – Asset Lifecycle Informationsmodelle und Integration der Automatisierungstechnik S. 297-318

„… Herstellers)  Instanz (installiertes Asset) Die DEXPI-Initiative (Data EXchange in Process Industrie) ist …” „… Process Industry Asset Lifecycle Information models and Integration of Automation Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Otten …” „… lifecycle of the process industry based on drawings/diagram (analog) and Excel lists requires high effort …”

B. C. Gül, N. Devarakonda, D. Dittler, N. Jazdi, M. Weyrich Using Federated Learning in the Context of Software-Defined Mobility Systems for Predictive Quality of Service S. 591-610

„… generate an average of 600 gigabytes of data per day, which brings the need to process and interpret data …” „… user-specific data, since the traditional training process exposes personal information. To the best of our …” „… concept starts with data collection, continues with local training, protects model updates and processes …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XX

„… various Dynamic Time Warping approaches for analysis of time series data from batch processes 819H. Ouni …” „… measurement data for process plants 915R. Hana, I. Ünal, T. Kleinert, RWTH Aachen UniversityAnforderungen an …” „… Stellgeräten in der Prozessindustrie – Ein „Small Data“-Ansatz 203H. Steltner, F. Sieber, S. Mayer, S. Schmidt …”

S. Grüner, W. Otten DEXPI submodel for Industry 4.0 Asset Administration Shell – Towards a Digital Thread through Engineering and Operations S. 337-350

„… specification data, piping topology, process control engineering (PCE) requests and their properties, as well as …” „… Verwaltungsschale ergänzt werden können. Abstract The engineering of a process plant is a complex …” „… multi-disciplinary and multi-organization process involving exchange of a vast number of (semi-)standardized …”

J. Alterbaum, B. Vogel-Heuser, D. Pantförder, M. Fischer, L. Rudolph, G. Klinker, R. Lewis, F. Palmas Evolution des Digitalen Zwillings in der Prozessindustrie – Modifikation des Informationsmodells von Brownfield-Anlagen mittels AR/VR-Technologien S. 179-190

„… good quality of data. The required data is handled within a variety of systems along the process plant …” „… Entwurfsphase einer chemischen Anlage ist hier die DEXPI-Initiative (Data Exchange in the Process Industry) zu …” „… – Integration of lifecycle data for process plants including oil and gas production facilities, ISO 15926 [8 …”

N. Hahn, S. Rudolph Digitale Durchgängigkeit, Konsistenz und Interoperabilität im Produktlebenszyklus mit graphenbasierten Entwurfssprachen S. 443-458

„… . Abstract The digital Continuity (of processes), consistency (of data) and interoperability (of software …” „… durch Schlagworte wie Silos, Data Lakes, Wis-sensinseln und Fragmentierung von Daten und Software …” „… quo is still characterized by buzzwords such as silos, data lakes, knowledge islands and fragmentation …”

N. Bennerscheid Studie: Potentialbewertung alternativer Datenquellen zum Nachweis der Betriebsbewährtheit – Funktionale Sicherheit im Brownfield mittels Datamining S. 103-114

„… Funktionale Sicherheit im Brownfield mittels Datamining Study: Potential evaluation of alternative data …” „… sources for the proof of operational reliability Functional safety in the brownfield by means of data …” „… intelligence for data mining in the area of functional safety are being examined. The basis for this is the …”

M. Hoernicke, K. Stark, N. Schoch Modular automation engineering for conventional plants S. 959-972

„… ] VDI/VDE/NAMUR 2658 part 3, "Automation engineering of modular systems in the process industry - Library for data …” „… DataAssembly and other views (since they do not exist in this MTP), but the path to the MTP describing the …” „… , including a modular automation system, has been proven. Since it is expected that only 25% of future process …”

P. Yazdani, G. Cainelli, L. Underberg Shared 5G campus network in industrial working and co-working spaces S. 279-292

„… pilot system in the following exemplary applications:  Programming of welding robots  Process data …” „… acquisition during the welding process  Automation of test benches for fuel cells  Data exchange for …” „… , including faster data transfer rates, lower latency, and higher capacity compared to previous generations of …”

H. Steltner, F. Sieber, S. Mayer, S. Schmidt, N. Tiomeguim Donfack, J. Huber Zustandsüberwachung von Stellgeräten in der Prozessindustrie – Ein „Small Data“-Ansatz S. 203-214

„… Zustandsüberwachung von Stellgeräten in der Prozessindustrie Ein „Small Data“-Ansatz Dr. H …” „… überwinden. „Small Data“-Ansatz für Stellgeräte in der Prozessindustrie Stellgeräte in der …” „… illustriert das Prinzip unseres Ansatzes zur „Small Data“-Zustandsüberwachung, angelehnt an eine …”

L. Wagner, M. Ramonat, A. Fay Methode zur Berücksichtigung von Abhängigkeiten energetisch flexibler Anlagen aus Topologiemodellen in Optimierungsmodellen S. 459-470

„… dependencies into the optimisation model is the Auto-mationML data format, which is characterised by its …” „… ExternalInter-faces ist „ProcessInformation“. Alle diese ExternalInterfaces verbindenden InternalLinks stel-len …” „… der Klassen „ProcessEnergy“ (Energieträger) bzw. „Process Product“ (Medienträger) der jeweiligen …”

A. Can, A. K. El-Rahhal, H. Schulz, J. Krüger Reinforcement Learning in der Serienfertigung: Multivariable Optimierung von Werkzeugmaschinen zur Steigerung der Energieeffizienz S. 611-624

„… is accompanied by an extensive amount of process data, which favors the use of AI-based methods …” „… . However, those methods are often not compatible with the requirements in terms of process safety, so that …” „… an integration into series production can have a conflicting effect with respect to the process goals …”

J. Grothoff, T. Miny, M. Tarnow Challenges Utilizing PLCopen for OPC UA S. 999-1014

„… Variable DataType 1 used none false 138,2 92.010 7.546 143.052 3.307 2 all none false 271,6 195.887 14.977 …” „… thousand program organization unit and data types as well as their instances are addressed. Consequently …” „… and data types, that can be expanded by PLC vendors and users. Though, SFCs are currently not …”

M. Ramonat, A. Fay Methode zur Parametrierung von Simulationsmodellen durch Nutzung von Anlagenmessdaten S. 167-178

„… advantages during the engineering and operation of process plants, but their use is often hampered by a high …” „… manual effort and requires expertise, both in process engineering and in the simulation software …” „… measurement data is used as a basis in order to take plant alteration, e.g. caused by wear, into account in …”

M. Krüttgen, J. Müller Entwicklung eines xml-basierten TGA-Geräteprofils zur informationstechnischen Standardisierung von Assets der prozessnahen GA S. 903-914

„… information of the technical building equipment. The data engineering of building services systems is carried …” „… out through manual processes and activities at great expense. A device profile, based on the …” „… components. The engineering and operational management expenses in the areas of process control, simulation …”

Z. Shi, F. Baer, Z. Xu, S. Zheng Challenges of Robotic-based Intelligent Placing S. 639-654

„… picking and placing was named "data-driven methods" [30] [31]. For example, Form2Fit was designed to learn …” „… last decade, the optimization of processes as well as digitalization and automation have continuously …” „… machines with comparable dexterity to humans is a key priority in robotics [19]. The typical process for …”

M. Weiß, F. Dettinger, N. Jazdi, M. Weyrich DevOps als Enabler der kontinuierlichen Funktionsverbesserung und automatisierten Update-Analyse in software-definierten Systemen S. 487-500

„… striving for a data loop in the context of software-defined vehicles, in which updates are developed in …” „… short cycles and delivered over-the-air to customers. During operation, data from vehicles and backend …” „… large amounts of heterogeneous data presents new challenges for IT teams, which are presented in this …”

I. Gräßler, M. Hieb Cloud-Computing für die Verwendung synthetischer Trainingsdaten für Machine Vision Quality Gates S. 765-776

„… .: "Synthetic Data for Deep Learning". Springer International Publishing; Imprint Springer, 2021 [11] Wang, S.et …” „… , S. et al.: Unity Perception: Generate Synthetic Data for Computer Vision, arXiv, 2021 [17] Borrego …” „… , J. et al.: Applying Domain Randomization to Synthetic Data for Object Cate-gory Detection, 2018 [18 …”

E. Taştan, R. Drath, S. Fluchs Security-Engineering mit AutomationML – Methodik zur Modellierung von Security-Entscheidungen, -Zielen, -Risiken und -Anforderungen S. 413-428

„… aspects along the entire life cycle of production plants and processes has become unavoidable due to …” „… Projektes IDEAS "Integrated Data Models for the engineering of Automation Security" [4] unter anderem ein …” „… Data Dictionary [18], eCl@ss [19] oder das Common Information Model [20], gibt es derzeit kein …”

M. Rentschler, L. Dörner, R. Dunker, B. Vojanec, M. Kiele-Dunsche, J. Nagel, A. Dogan Bereitstellung von Verwaltungsschalen – Typ- und Instanzmodell aus Sicht von Komponentenherstellern S. 351-364

„… ] an, oder auch dedizierte Zubehör-Merkmale im Submodell „General Technical Data“ [11]. Möglicherweise …” „… Data [11] und „Handover Documentation“ [15] sollten als Typ-VWS frei grundsätzlich zugänglich sein …” „… _SpecificationAssetAdministrationShell_Part3a_DataSpecification_IEC61360.pdf [6] https://eclass.eu/eclass-standard/content-suche [7 …”

V. Henkel, L. Scholz, A. Markaj, A. Fay Anforderungen an Leitsysteme modularer heterogener Elektrolyseanlagen S. 927-942

„… Produktion bestehen bereits Leit-systeme, sogenannte Process Orchestration Layers (POLs), die eine …” „… aufeinander abgestimmt werden [7]. Hierfür werden sie in einen übergeordneten Process Orchestration Layer, den …” „… , A., et al.: Orchestration Requirements for Modular Process Plants in Chemical and Pharmaceutical …”

R. Küper-Rampp Digitale Transformation einfach, schnell und effizient umgesetzt mittels dem NAMUR NOA Konzept S. 191-202

„… Solutions, Langenfeld Kurzfassung 191 Bild 1: Wo ist es sinnvoll mehr Einsicht in den Zustand von Process …” „… aus „Big Data“ sinnvolle Handlungsanweisungen zu generieren. Die folgenden App Lösungen können bei dem …”

M. Schieseck, P. Topalis, R. Heesch, J. Putzke, A. Fay, S. Althoff, M. Kroner, R. Ortloff, T. Zech Herausforderungen und Lösungen für die Integration von Künstlicher Intelligenz in Produktionssysteme S. 471-486

„… verschiedenen Experten, wie beispielsweise Data-Scientists, Software-Entwicklern, Prozess- und …” „… ] genannt, beispielsweise Computer Vision, Natural Language Processing, Data Mining, Planning, Recommending …” „… , Forschungsbeirat der Plattform Industrie 4.0/acatech - Deutsche Akademie der Technikwissenschaften, 2021 [8] Data …”

F. Ji, B. Vogel-Heuser, M. Wünnenberg, J. Fottner, R. Schypula, M. Goedicke Inkonsistenzmanagement in Entwicklungsmodellen für Intralogistiksysteme S. 89-102

„… kann der geplante Materialfluss in der Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) während der frühen …” „… . Wünnenberg et al., “Konsistenzmanagement zum optimierten Data Management als Basis zur Anwendung von Data …”

T. Stuke, T. Bartsch, T. Rauschenbach Reinforcement Learning als Lösungsansatz für den Griff-in-die-Kiste im Zeitalter von wandlungsfähigen Produktionssystemen S. 655-668

„… stated in this work and is illustrated by the production process of terminal blocks at Weidmueller. First …” „… des Be-hälters im STP-Format (engl. „Standard for the Exchange of Product Data“) importiert. Im …” „… coordi-nation for robotic grasping with deep learning and large-scale data collection“, IJRR, 2018 [6] Q. Shao …”

S. Eilermann, O. Niggemann, L. Wehmeier, A. Ali, A. Deuter, R. Bach, C. Schultz Die steigende Bedeutung des Digital Twins als Bestandteil eines Intelligent Tutoring Systems in der Automatisierung S. 37-54

„… . Yousefi, and H. Lim, “Data-driven approaches to game player modeling: a systematic literature review …” „… system for teaching–learning process,” Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 1229–1239 …”

M. Zager, A. Fay Grafische Modellierung kontextsensitiver, autonomer Systeme: Ein domänenspezifischer Modellierungsansatz S. 719-740

„… , and J. Kamruzzaman, “A survey on context awareness in big data analytics for business applications …” „… , pp. 101–110. [28] D. C. Wynn and P. J. Clarkson, “Process models in design and development,” Res Eng …”

R. Drath, C. Mosch, S. Hoppe, A. Faath, E. Barnstedt, M. Schleipen Das Zusammenspiel von Verwaltungsschale, AutomationML und OPC UA – Handlungsempfehlungen zur Auswahl und Nutzung bestehender Interoperabilitätslösungen S. 319-336

„… . Stark, and L. Urbas. MTP – automation engineering of modular process plants. In Drath (Ed …” „… , Da-taspaces und Metaverses. Dies beinhaltet die Verwendung der in den OPC UA Companion Spe-cifications …”

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LAND.TECHNIK AgEng 2019

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2361 2019

Results in this title

G. Kormann, H. J. Nissen, S. Stahlmecke Open Integrated Data Platform for Agricultural Machinery – Connecting the Agricultural Production Process S. 113-118

„… “DataConnect” is developed. Initially connecting MyJohn Deere with CLAAS Telematics and 365 FarmNet the …” „… ecosystem for innovative data-driven agriculture. [4] VDI-Berichte Nr. 2361, 2019116 Connection to …” „… Open Integrated Data Platform for Agricultural Machinery Connecting the Agricultural Production …”

V. Tsukor, S. Hinck, A. Ruckelshausen, W. Nietfeld, T. Mosler, H. Tesch, F. Lorenz, E. Najdenko, A. Moeller, D. Mentrup Automated mobile field laboratory for on-the-go soilnutrient analysis with the ISFET multi-sensor module S. 377-382

„… processes (e.g. fertiliser quantity calculation) and the data processing speed to be further increased …” „… "soil2data" process. The process steps operate parallely. The design of the system is modular. Three …” „… platforms are available as carrier vehicles. The overall soil2data process can be divided into 3 …”

H. Vennemann, M. van den Boom, H. Hecheltjen Mobile intelligence for LEMKEN equipment – A retrofittable intelligent hardware generates additional value for various agricultural implements S. 433-438

„… data-generating implements, which already feature ISOBUS or CAN-bus, the MILE module is capable of recording the …” „… data-generating and non-data-generating implements Use cases Within the LEMKEN product portfolio, the MILE …” „… agricultural processes can be automated, by installing intelligent electronics in agricultural implements …”

M. J. Darr, M. M. Qasaimeh, C. J. Murphy, B. R. Covington, V. Fuchs, T. Schaefer, F. Pardina, B. Reddy, J. Petri, T. Fuege, J. Hinze High Definition Yield Maps for Precision Ag Decision Support S. 327-334

„… process involved multiple steps including data alignment, data cleaning, and regression analysis. The …” „… in some cases completely block the response. During the data analytics process clouds and shadows …” „… & Company, Kaiserslautern Abstract Yield data is the most widely used agronomic data source for site …”

P. Munch Predictive Feed-Rate Control for Combine Harvesters S. 545-552

„… process. Adding real-time perception sensing capabilities combined with site specific geospatial …” „… condition information provided by an optical sensor system and geospatial data. Forward-looking speed …” „… geospatial data sources available each having benefits and drawbacks. Site specific geospatial information …”

A. Volbracht, J.-H. Wolker, J. Jeninga TIM empowers cross vendor couples to higher performance S. 573-XVI

„… 2009, TIM solutions – where machines of the same manufacturer exchanged data – were presented, but …” „… tractor functions and optimizes the working process. What is new is that the implement sends information …” „… , an exchange enabling data to be transmitted in both directions and allowing the implement to play …”

M. Rothmund, R. Marx Security Concept for ISOconnect – a Secure ISOBUS Telemetry Device S. 561-572

„… Datalogger (AEF TC- BAS [1] or ISO11783-10 v.4 datalogger [2]) to collect process data from tractors and …” „… . 2361, 2019 561 for instance for tasks control functionality or process data documentation or direct …” „… logging mechanisms ISOconnect can store process data, on a persistent drive to later forward it after …”

H. Schallermayer Next Machine Management – A new Ag-Software generation S. 77-82

„… system uses ISOBUS DDIs (data dictionary IDs) as process data information for automated data detection …” „… tank level or sprayed totals. Data transmission is continuous via mobile connection and all processes …” „… . Part of the system is also the module Guidance Information Transfer. You can transfer all relevant data for guidance systems very easily and fast from machine A to machine B, for example: field …”

J. Sonnen, J. Moller, A. Hammerschmidt agrirouter: First user experiences and next steps with the manufacturer-independent data exchange platform S. 69-76

„… agrirouter: First user experiences and next steps with the manufacturer-independent data exchange …” „… platform Dr. J. Sonnen, Dr. J. Möller, Dipl.-Kaufmann A. Hammerschmidt, DKE-Data GmbH & Co …” „… administrative processes by digitisation has increased significantly in recent years, parallel to many other …”

T. Steckel Process Operation Map for Assessment of ideal Configuration and Behaviour S. 341-346

„… Process Operation Map for Assessment of ideal Configuration and Behaviour Dr. Thilo Steckel …” „… Collaborative Processes Decision making in complex collaborative processes, like harvest chains, is mainly …” „… experience-based. Detailed knowledge of machine characteristics and impact of environmental factors on the process …”

S. Lorenz, H. Wanta, J. Krzywinski, T. Herlitzius FELDSCHWARM©-UI: A User Interface for Controlling Swarm Technology S. 253-264

„… management systems and precision farming applications that collect, process and integrate data into the …” „… for more effective processes, the increasing digital penetration of agricultural systems is heading …” „… vehicle based HMIs to fit the needs of tomorrows increasingly automated fleets and agricultural processes …”

L. Hauer, L. Handl, P. Prankl, M. Datzberger, F. Handler, S. Polly GIS-ELA – Open Source GIS system for small-scale agriculture S. 319-326

„… agriculture. For this purpose, application maps are created by using public available data sources, such as …” „… Sentinel-2 satellite data, and their practice-relevant operational capability is evaluated by means of …” „… precision farming, for example data and GNSS-based precision farming, have become increasingly important in …”

D. Engelmann, S. Becker, R. Stirnimann Transferring agricultural machines from field to the laboratory for emission check S. 479-488

„… . Tractors for example can be combined with different implements to work in agricultural processes. This …” „… , the downside is that In-Use measurements come with certain limitations for the development process …” „… allow the advantages of the In-Use measurements to integrate the development process while minimizing …”

M. Trimmel, P. Riegler-Nurscher, R. Streimelweger Broadband SHF Radar measurements for soil moisture estimation in the range between 1 and 18 GHz S. 347-354

„… . 1, was rotated at a constant rate of 0.1 rpm. During a drying process the VNA data and the …” „… these applications require largesurface and rapid measurements (dynamic data capture) with a high number …” „… of data points [1]. In general for analysis of soil moisture content different methods are …”

C. Weltzien, R. R. Shamshiri SunBot: Autonomous Nursing Assistant for Emission-Free Berry Production, General Concepts and Framework S. 463-470

„… control, commonly used functionalities, message-passing between processes, and package management. The …” „… "energy supply", and Autonomous Work Process with WP "autonomous E-Tractor" and "security systems". This …” „… challenges, a simulation based development process has been set to use. Field visits were carried out for …”

D. Bosenberg, W. Strothmann, C. Halbrugge, H. Korte Approach for increasing automation progress in root crop harvesting S. 439-446

„… be a suitable possibility to increase the automation level of the whole process. As profound …” „… knowledge about the respective process is the key to any automation solution, a structured and methodical …” „… approach presents a goal-oriented way to systematically obtain process knowledge. Therefore initially a …”

T. Herlitzius, H. Fichtl, A. Grosa, M. Henke, M. Hengst Feldschwarm – Modular and Scalable Tillage Systems with Shared Autonomy S. 409-420

„… mapping technologies or cloud computing-based process management and processing of big data have affected …” „… addition, the interfaces for mechanical connection, power transmission and data transfer need to be …” „… density of engines and higher strength materials. However, the processes of tillage and seeding have not …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XIV

„… . Schallermayer, aag (agricultural application group), Frankfurt DataConnect – A solution for Cloud to Cloud data …” „… Nationalbibliographie (German National Bibliography); detailed bibliographic data is available via Internet at …” „… , Italy Content f Data Management AEF – Partnership to develop open standard for cloud communication …”

H. Neurath, L. Frerichs Approach to reduce the complexity increase in development processes of mobile machines S. 265-272

„… Approach to reduce the complexity increase in development processes of mobile machines Hagen …” „… hydraulic and the mechanic drive technology, in order to reach the best process quality with the highest …” „… allows computer aided powertrain synthesis based on available measurement data, in order to reduce the …”

M. Sax, R. Latsch, T. Anken, V. Moser, P. Krummenacher Automated site-specific overseeding of grassland S. 165-228

„… recorded by USB data loggers. The drying process is shown in (fig. 2), as well as the daily variation of …” „… placed in front of the tractor, a data processing unit on the tractor and an adapted pneumatic seeder …” „… tractor. We used the Tegra K1 (NVIDIA, Santa Clara, United States of America) as data processing unit …”

H. J. Nissen, A. Kluge, D. Cowan, N. Shafer DataConnect – A solution for Cloud to Cloud data exchange S. 83-90

„… DataConnect – A solution for Cloud to Cloud data exchange Dipl.-Ing. Hans Jürgen Nissen, John …” „… their cloud solutions as depicted in Fig. 2. DataConnect allows the customer to directly connect the …” „… visible in the customer’s cloud of choice. Fig. 2: DataConnect enables the cloud-to-cloud data exchange …”

S. Braun, M. Trapp, C. Nass, M. Gerbershagen, S. Schweitzer, R. Falcao, M. Schweitzer, N. Wire Growing Smart Farming Services – How to get the best out of farming data S. 335-340

„… entities. Processing steps process and transform datasets, producing new datasets as a result. Data …” „… facilitate the targeted analysis of the data-science-significant requirements of data-driven user stories and …” „… provided for dataset elements. For data sources, details about the database schema and information on how …”

A. Hackfort, G. Happich, M. Lichtenstern Development of a Seamless User Experience for Smart Farming Applications – From Machine Interaction to System Synergy S. 229-234

„… ergonomics. The development process which is described in phase 3 allowed the integration of changes and new …” „… ideas along the way, even at a late stage in the development cycle. Phase 3: Development Process and …” „… verified. Changes and adaptations were made throughout the process of idea generation, concept …”

G. Bombarda, T. Maxeiner Remotely Controlled Electro-Hydraulics ready for the IoT S. 289-294

„… mounting process and increase quality level of the complete machine. The one and only connector simplify …” „… also testing process. On top of that, a Bluetooth connection is available to communicate with the …” „… Electro-Hydraulic pump. Data can be read and sent and the system is compatible with IoT principles. Another …”

A. M. Moanţă, C. Bartolein, T. Riedel, S. Estel, C. Federle Generation of Digital Terrain Models from GNSS Data – Correction signal and working width-based evaluation S. 471-478

„… Generation of Digital Terrain Models from GNSS Data Correction signal and working width-based …” „… determining the potential and limitations in terms of distribution and accuracy of GNSS data sampled during …” „… DTMs from GNSS 3D coordinates contained in documentation data, recorded during field operations, is …”

A. Stoll, M. Duttlinger, S. Klasen Investigation of the working precision and economic efficiency of automatically and manually guided hoes in grain S. 521-526

„… the hoe. In order to get accurate location data of the seed lines, the GPS antenna was placed …” „… in the calculation. The basic machine data base on KTBL references [5] and are shown in Table 1 …” „… camera-controlled hoe. A front-mounted hoe needed 19 s more due to time consuming alignment processes when entering …”

M. Hinrichs, P. Pickel, R. Isermann Model-Based Chiptuning Detection of Diesel Engines S. 1-8

„… repair costs. This paper presents a fuel mass model which helps to create a data basis, or to implement …” „… chambers and is driven at crankshaft speed, there are 4 pumping processes within 720°CA (In Fig. 1 between …” „… before first increase VDI-Berichte Nr. 2361, 20194 The end of the pumping process is always at the same …”

P. Sivasothy, G. Bulun, J. Seewig, J. Imwalle Implementation of a Dynamic Product Development Method for Agricultural Engineering Based on Virtual Prototypes S. 273-280

„… distinguished: a data-based image (black box), a model-based image (white box) or a hybrid, a combination of a …” „… data-based and a model-based image (grey box) [4]. The white box, which is preferred for simple, well …” „… . Individual components are initially developed and combined as white box (model-based), black box (data-based …”

M. Bouten, T. Meinel, W. Kath-Petersen Development and utilization of a new application system for precise fertilizer placement in corn S. 513-520

„… realization could be defined. Based on a systematic development process, favorable concepts were defined …” „… planting process of potatoes and mention alternative application methods for the lateral fertilizer …” „… process was used, comparable to established test methods for precision drills. An impact measuring system …”

D. Smart, V. Brill High Speed ISOBUS, an AEF Project for next generation Ag networking S. 91-106

„… Communications Heavy Duty Vehicle Network 4 https://www.aef-online.org 5 CAN-FD – CAN with Flexible Data-Rate …” „… prescription More precise data logging of as-applied and yield information Higher featured and more …” „… to its ability to support the requirements. Additionally, guided both by historical data and the …”

C. Rechberger, M. Trimmel, F.-F. Huber Hybrid-Disc-Plough – An energy saving plough concept for heavier soils S. 503-508

„… energy intensive process, therefore a significant impact on the carbon footprint in crop production has …” „… prototype (see Fig. 1 right) in combination with a data acquisition system type IMC CRONOS SL, was in use …” „… HDP. This may lead to less effort for the subsequent tillage processes or seedbed preparation. It was …”

R. Schildroth Design and Development of an Autonomous Mower for Agricultural Use S. 153-158

„… was determined, through a market study and functional safety process, that the mower needed to be …” „… software architecture ensures process reliability and consistent control loop timing. The operating …” „… heartbeat of major components to ensure all sensor data is representative of the current system state …”

J. Philipp Behra Development of increased tire diameters and the effects on axles and drive trains of a combine harvester S. 553-560

„… the harvesting process. As a result of the new threshing system, the combine´s length was increased …” „… development process, there was a special focus on costs as well. The new position of the wheel hub is 125mm …” „… stage. The concept of the new LEXION generation was created not only for an improved harvest process …”

M. Ehrl, G. Happich Advanced On-board Electronics Architecture with Automotive Ethernet S. 107-112

„… rapidly reduced to CAN FD and 100BASE-T1 automotive Ethernet. CAN FD (Flexible Data-Rate) is basically …” „… Data-Rate. Specification Version 1.0. April 17, 2012. [3] Hartwich, F. (2012). CAN with flexible data-rate …” „… further capabilities in order to enable data driven approaches. Besides the growth of computing power …”

T. M. J. Ruigrok, L. Voorhoeve , G. Kootstra, E. J. van Henten A robust plant localization and identification system for precision farming – The effects of uncontrolled illumination on an end-to-end deep-learning plant detection algorithm S. 383-390

„… used. Materials and methods Dataset description On the 28th of May and the 1st of June in 2018, data …” „… . During the data campaign, two datasets were acquired: The controlled light, and the uncontrolled light …” „… to data augmentation on the image geometry and image color, using the parameters given in Appendix B …”

A. Biswas, E. Eising SoilReader: A new in-situ multi-depth, multi-constituent, on-the-go precision soil analyzer S. 355-376

„… testing for data acquisition controls: A set of 72 soil samples (Dataset 1) were collected from 9 fields …” „… distribution of the data (Fig. 4). Though in this preliminary study, the datasets were not transformed before …” „… near-infrared wavelength (~900-1700 nm) and transmits data to storage and controllers at a lighting fast speed …”

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International Conference on Gears 2017

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2294 2017

Results in this title

H. Yakaria Gear Data Exchange (GDE) – goLive S. 1235-1246

„… geometry data, GDE also allows the exchange of tool, machining process and measurement data. In this way …” „… the production processes are already running digitally. The input, processing and also output data …” „… of manufacturing data, GDE offers the elements tool, process, process chain and manufacturing stages …”

M. Brumm, H. Müller Cyber physical gear production system – Vision of industry 4.0 gear production S. 1209-1218

„… improvement processes. Unfortunately the data collected in today’s gear production is not complete. On …” „… , tool data and production data. The platform has interfaces to design software for gear and process …” „… . This production system is called GearEngine. The heart of the Gear Engine is a database for gear data …”

K. Kanto, T. Yamada, S. Komatsu, J. Morishita, I. Yamaji, A. Kubo Non-contact measurement of 3D tooth flank form accuracy of bevel gears on 5-axis machining center S. 1039-1050

„… measurement process, it is necessary to well understand the characteristics of measuring errors so that the …” „… optical method is strongly desired. The measuring device should acquire data with enough density not …” „… point cloud data. There are studies about measuring standard or topography measuring by Guenther [4, 5 …”

C. Gorla, E. Conrado, F. Rosa, F. Concli Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) for gears: manufacturing, performances and tests S. 977-988

„… solution combines a cost-effective process with the possibility of obtaining complex geometries of the case …” „… austempering process, a subsequent finishing process is not needed. For these reasons, ADI has been select for …” „… the application to a family of small gearboxes for automation. Due to the limited experience and data …”

C. Peng, C. Li, B. Chen Development of a test rig for transmission performances of precision planetary reducer S. 1127-1132

„… testing date points. In the measurement process, the angle data contains the angular displacement of …” „… with a worm pair. The test rig is equipped with multi-sensor monitoring unit and computer data …” „… acquisition system. Continuous signal sampling, online data analysis and post data analysis make the system …”

B. Kianian, C. Andersson Sustainability-conscious Powder Metallurgy gear manufacturing – An analysis of current manufacturing challenges S. 1251-1264

„… vibration) have been performed. This results in contributing to some PM materials datasheet data in gear …” „… Sustainable Production, sustainable production utilizes processes and systems, in their product and service …” „… creations, which do not pollute the ecosystem and preserve resources and energy. These processes and systems …”

J. Papies Load distribution in planetary gears considering effects of manufacturing tolerances with a statistical approach S. 783-794

„… cannot be derived from this. In reality all measured data has a scatter depending on the process …” „… closely linked with the manufacturing conditions. Certainly, the trend relating to the impact of process …” „… changes can be recorded when applying logical thought processes, but not with exact values for the …”

V. Angelopoulos, M. Hirsch PM gear rolling simulations using advanced plasticity material model and improved initial conditions S. 1277-1288

„… after the primary manufacturing process (pressing of powder particles-sintering). To reduce the …” „… . The optimization of this process is critical in order to reduce the overall design time and to …” „… increase the quality of the rolled gear. One way to optimize the process, tool design and gear with stock …”

G. Goch, K. Ni, Y. Peng, A. Günther Paradigm change in cylindrical gear metrology using areal measurement and evaluation S. 1025-1038

„… flank area can provide holistic information of a produced gear for both process control and product …” „… cover the entire flank instead of one profile and one lead line only, offering an improved data base for …” „… a feedback to the manufacturing process and for a performance assessment of gears. An areal …”

M. Schwenk, J. Hoffmeister, J. Hermes Prediction of local load carrying capacity for gears – a materials science approach S. 989-1002

„… carburizing process without modelling the quenching process for the hardness predictions. The model being …” „… bevel gears considering all physical aspects of the carburizing and quenching process. The …” „… considered. The hardness reduction due to tempering has been derived from quality assurance data in order to …”

B. Leupold, V. Janzen, G. Kotthoff, D. Eichholz Validation approach of PM gears for eDrive applications S. 119-130

„… recent years, a strong move from basic research on process simulation [5] - [7] and performance data …” „… ] could be observed. This paper gives an overview on the described process technologies and the …” „… . PM Process routings Compared to the standard PM process routings for gear production, only routings …”

D. Strasser, S. Troll, R. Sperlich, J. Münch Reliability safeguarding for an 8 MW wind energy gearbox in serial production – Prototype and process development ensuring stable quality at the highest level S. 1085-1100

„… furthermore on reliable serial processes. In future the focus will lie on operational and field data …” „… process development ensuring stable quality at the highest level Dr.-Ing. Dirk Strasser, Dipl.-Ing …” „… combined with several tolerance chain analyses contributed to verify stable processes. A short outlook is …”

M. Ophey, F. Klocke, C. Löpenhaus Approach for modeling grinding worm wear S. 1365-1378

„… experimental setup of both processes as well as the workpiece data is shown in Figure 3. In the analogy trials …” „… Aachen Abstract Despite the wide industrial application of generating gear grinding, the process …” „… efficiency and process stability. Both, economic efficiency and gear quality, are affected by the wear …”

B. Winter Production cells in transition S. 1247-1250

„… cycle-times of each operation should be well balanced. For that it is essential to improve each process and …” „… . 2294, 2017 1247 process stability of all operations, especially if a high degree of automation is used …” „… and the cell is operated with small manpower. Intervention of the processes should be as small as …”

J. Reißmann, E. Leidich Computation of the tooth root strength of Worm Wheels with a calculation program based on local stresses S. 373-394

„… process an integrated computation program [4] was created (see Figure 2). Fig. 2: Calculation …” „… . Model Development Based on the geometry data and the load, the tooth flank including the tooth root …” „… the mesh quality and add the material data. The mesh quality could be adjusted through parameters …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XXVII

„… I- B er ic ht e 22 94 .1VDI-Society for Product and Process Design VDI-Berichte 2294.1 VDI-Society …” „… for Product and Process Design International Conference on Gears 2017 International Conference on …” „… (TUM), Garching (near Munich), Germany VDI-Society for Product and Process Design © VDI Verlag GmbH …”

B. Schlecht, F. Rudolph, S. Schumann Experimental studies and simulation of hypoid gear lapping S. 1403-1414

„… disadvantage compared to competing processes. The flank topology after lapping is not completely predictable …” „… , making the definition of process variables a matter of personal experience and empirical efforts. This …” „… method and deduce possible improvements. 1. Introduction During the lapping process, material …”

B. Schlecht, C. Ulrich, J. Bräunig Investigations on the influence of anisotropic material properties of gear teeth on their macroscopic behavior S. 659-668

„… transmissions. The new production process for gears implies a different component behavior, which has to be …” „… properties in detail. The theoretical principles of material anisotropy following cold forming processes are …” „… production methods for these requirements. Fig. 1 shows the cold transverse rolling process which, at the …”

T. Frech, C. Löpenhaus, F. Klocke Influence of the contact conditions in cold rolling on the density profile of powder metallurgical (PM) gears S. 1265-1276

„… = 0 ° b = 14 mm z2 = 27 da2 = 56.8 mm dBo = 22 mm Gear Data PM Process Chain Powder Production …” „… Equivalent Contact Radius R / mm In fe ed a / m m 0.125 0.2 16 219 0.05 0.025 0.3 23 Process Data Fe + 0,85 …” „… ) gears are pressed from powdered alloys and sintered into their final shape. After the sintering process …”

R. Müller, L. Schirmer New tolerance concepts for the realization of steel-only worm gears S. 467-478

„… additionally by an adaption of commissioning processes. Different tolerance management methods, e.g. Key …” „… . In addition, the production process chain must be modified. This means either the introduction of …” „… adjustment processes or functional tests or both. The adjustment process can compensate axial and/or radial …”

C. Andersson Grinding or shaving? – Performance based economic decision support in the manufacturing of gears S. 1353-1364

„… required input data required to make a decision. With the performance driven cost model used during the …” „… in association with management of manufacturing operations, data on key parameters need to be …” „… operations requires reliable data acquisition (of both economic and production Key Performance Indicators …”

C. Brecher, C. Löpenhaus, J. Brimmers Potential of free flank modifications for beveloid gears S. 553-564

„… geometry the conjugate flank cannot be manufactured with standard manufacturing processes. Standard …” „… hyperbolic body and thus, cannot be manufactured with standard processes, in contrast to the involute …” „… Involute profile Conjugated gear Initial situation Can be manufactured with standard processes …”

L. Gondecki, M. Weibring, P. Tenberge Simulation and test method for the lubricant’s influence on the wear and fatigue mechanisms on tooth flanks S. 29-40

„… conditions several interlinked processes are induced which change the surface characteristics in either a …” „… . The described processes can only be initiated by a certain energy input which emerges from the mixed …” „… fatigue progress over time and to understand the interlinked processes of crack initiation and growth as …”

C. Brecher, C. Löpenhaus, M. Schroers, T. Frech, P. Scholzen Optimization of NVH behavior of gears by alternative gear materials S. 539-552

„… Aachen Abstract The process chain of alternative gear materials offers advantages in material and …” „… energy consumption when compared to conventional milling processes. According to STREHL, the shortening …” „… of the process chain regarding the usage of powder metallurgy (PM) leads to a cost advantage for PM …”

B. Kohn, T. Utakapan, M. Fromberger, M. Otto, K. Stahl Flank modifications for optimal excitation behaviour S. 1319-1330

„… requires sensible modifications of the pure involute flank form besides a proper choice of the main data …” „… grinding process such as flank twist may lead to an even more complicated conflict of goals as figure 1 …” „… shows this trade-off when standard modifications are used, mesh “A” with main data according to table 1 …”

B. Zhmud, J. Blomkvist, M. Fallström An advanced thermal processing & coating process for enhancing gear tribology S. 1451-1462

„… An Advanced Thermal Processing & Coating Process for Enhancing Gear Tribology Boris Zhmud …” „… conjunction with recent advances in the areas of material science, tribology and big data analysis allow …” „… . Similar to plasma nitriding, TriboNite™ process leads to minimal distortion of treated gears eliminating …”

C. Güntner, T. Tobie, K. Stahl “Alternative” microstructures and their influence on mechanical properties of case-hardened gears S. 399-410

„… common heat treatment processes for highly loaded shafts and gears. Due to numerous investigations, a …” „… optimization of the heat treatment process of carburizing to achieve a fine martensitic microstructure with …” „… heat treatment processes it is possible to modify the microstructure specifically. In this way, a …”

A. K. Shojaei, P. Volgers An improved lifetime prediction technique for plastic gears through finite element analysis and continuum damage mechanics S. 1109-1112

„… . Experimental data for DuPont™ Delrin® 100 are utilized to verify the performance of the proposed fatigue …” „… polymers. For injection molded thermoplastic gears, VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 2017 1109 process related …” „… mechanisms, and will provide valuable insight into the design process. As an example, a simple plastic gear …”

X. Kai, L. Guolong A compensation method of tooth surface error in continuous generating grinding based on the virtual-axis S. 1153-1160

„… axes for grinding process is completed. The method can compensate the tooth surface error …” „… the continuous generating grinding process, including geometric error, thermal-induced error …” „… over-compensation can be produced during the compensation process. At present, the trial grinding method is …”

A. Carbonelli, J.-Y. Guerder Computing and minimizing the whining noise – Application to a bogie gearbox S. 517-526

„… meshing process is usually the main excitation source in gearboxes. Indeed, it is commonly assumed that …” „… of vibrations induced by the meshing process. For this reason, a gearbox is an important source of …” „… generation process STE fluctuations need to be minimized by introducing voluntary tooth micro-geometrical …”

A. von Freyberg, A. Fischer Automatic geometry segmentation of involute flank regions S. 1015-1024

„… Science (BIMAQ), Bremen Abstract Quality inspection of gears is a well standardized process. Many …” „… parameters out of the measured geometric data. This is necessary for the replacement of gears for which no …” „… construction data is available, e.g., for reverse engineering, machine tools with ceased support and old-timer …”

K. Mao, V. Goodship, N. Madhav, R. Ramakrishnan, P. Langlois Experimental Investigations of Polymer Composite Gear Performance S. 1625-1636

„… recording wear measurements. Wear and life are recorded on a data-logging system using a dedicated …” „… for acetal and nylon. With so many new polymer materials becoming available, this limited data is a …” „… is incremented (normally by 1 Nm) for another short period of time. This process continues until …”

D. Liang, B. Chen, R. Tan, C. Li Tooth profiles design and stress analysis of double helical gear transmissions with geometric elements constructed tooth pairs S. 411-420

„… the parallel and intersecting axes are carried out [3 through 7]. The manufacturing process and …” „… solve the process utilizing the MATLAB software VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 2017412 package. The …” „… i(i=a, f)--Process angle 4 2 31 4 52 55 e--Addendum chamfer angle of concave tooth 45 …”

R. Weidig Adoption of polymer gears – Challenges and solutions S. 1565-1574

„… overcome this challenge. The journey is supported by test data done with validation customers and …” „… , reduced weight and lower inertia. Further the moulding process offers more design freedom enabling more …” „… Stability (no change in dimension due to moisture absorption) Needs to process on standard injection …”

A. K. Shojaei, P. Volgers, M. Cassata Advanced modeling and experimental techniques for fatigue life prediction of plastic gears S. 1575-1582

„… gear experimental testing where only limited data is available in the literature for plastic gears …” „… thermoplastic gears, process related considerations such as local orientation of molecular chains …” „… experimental data together with simulated results for reaction force. The CDM model performs acceptably at …”

J. Yu, L. Yao, C. Ren, X. Yan, L. Lin Design and experimental validation on a novel tow speed transmission for electric bus S. 97-108

„… from the clutch of the conventional MT system, and the shift process becomes easier than the MT system …” „… transient gear ratio during the gear shifting process. 2.3 The gear ratios optimization for the SDAT …” „… the optimization process, the weight ratios method was adopted to obtain the dynamic performance …”

A. Pogacnik, S. Beermann Measuring permissible root/flank stress of plastic gears according to the VDI 2736-4 S. 1541-1552

„… . Unfortunately for gear designers, “gear data” (SN curves) are rarely measured for new materials. If decision …” „… is taken to measure “gear data”, it is worth doing it correctly so that the measured data can be …” „… explained. Measured data according to the VDI 2736-4 must be converted correctly to become usable for …”

S. Grützner Holistic simulation of gearboxes – system simulation S. 51-60

„… potential natural frequencies in gearsets is critical as part of the design process to ensure a long …” „… need to increase wind turbine reliability to 99.5%[3] which can be achieved by developing new data …” „… sensor data collected and processed from real assets during real world operations. For example …”

I. Moriwaki, R. Kikuchi, D. Iba, M. Nakamura, M. Nagatsuka Contact pattern control with simple cutter motion in face-milling of zerol bevel gears using 5-axis machine S. 1379-1390

„… , experts always play important roles in the bevel gear cutting. In face-milling processes, a spiral …” „… shown in Fig.5. Figure 5 shows the relations evaluated from the data listed in Table 1, 2, and 3 …” „… about z1-axis to yield cutting actions in practical processes of gear cutting, we need only geometry …”

A. Mihailidis, G. Korbetis, N. Drivakos, I. Nerantzis Finite element method based analysis of planetary gear systems considering backlash and manufacturing deviations S. 75-82

„… the same facewidth and are made from case hardened steel. The gear data are included in Figure 1 …” „… . Fig. 1: Gear data and simple planetary gear train with helical gears. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 201776 …” „… , this process needs to be automated. The tools employed in the ANSA pre-processing environment are the …”

J. W. Vriesen Topographical tooth modifications in planetary gears for reduction of the noise excitation without load capacity loss – Optimization of complex systems capable of oscillation S. 185-196

„… a 1.6 MW planet gear stage are represented in figure 5. For reasons of the process history ring …” „… general for the economical turn grinding as with profile grinding. Furthermore the process depending …” „… asymmetrical or symmetrical tooth contacts. The influence of single tooth parameters of the macro data and the …”

Y. Shen, S. Rinderknecht, M. Hoppert General modelling method of power losses in transmission with parameter identification S. 905-916

„… comparisons of available experimental data and calculations show that the combination of the joint model has …” „… deformation of the shaft at different torque input. Fig. 5: The process of the parameter identification …” „… joint model, with the help of the experimental data. The efficiency differences ∆ between measurement …”

A. Kubo Change of gear steel quality as function of globalization – Back ground of the development for high speed automatic hardness tester S. 41-50

„… made from such bloom by press-rolling process. That means, the construction of the steel texture …” „… hardness measurement to evaluate heat treatment to find whether the process is carried out properly or not …” „… . At the measurement when we use light loading, the scattering of measured data becomes large. To …”

J. J. Liou, S. Rakuff The development of worm drives S. 503-516

„… worm drives can be manufactured with the same machining process as are metallic drives by hobbing or …” „… development of new plastics for worm drives is the cost of raw material and manufacturing processes. As an …” „… maximum load capacity is determined mainly by tooth breakage and pitting. Detailed geometry data of the …”

C. Hasl, P. Oster, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Bending strength of oil-lubricated cylindrical plastic gears – Modified bending strength calculation based on VDI 2736 S. 1649-1660

„… some extent possible to validate and confirm the POM fatigue strength data in accordance with VDI …” „… ] including the maximum root strength ( ) data for POM by comparison with own test results for injection …” „… test gears used for the determination of the fatigue strength data ( ) of POM included in [1] are …”

A. L. Kapelevich, Y. V. Shekhtman Root fillet optimization of thin rim planet gears with asymmetric teeth S. 741-750

„… fillet profile, located on the form diameter circles, cannot be moved during the optimization process …” „… further reduced, the optimization process stops. The optimized fillet profile provides even stress …” „… presents geometric data and load conditions for an epicyclic gear stage with asymmetric tooth gears. The …”

B. Černe, D. Zorko, J. Duhovnik Semi-analytical method for the prediction of the flank temperatures of polymer gears during running S. 1611-1624

„… which a validation process will be possible using available experimental data. 1. Introduction …” „… speed data obtained from the analysis it is then possible to develop a semi-analytical procedure for …” „… done by [9], we used the data available for the two commercial materials presented in Table 2. A …”

T. Schöler, H. Binz, M. Bachmann Method for the pre-dimensioning of beveloid gears – Efficient design of main gearing data S. 565-578

„… Method for the Pre-dimensioning of Beveloid Gears Efficient design of main gearing data …” „… beveloid gears. Existing tools for contact analysis are based on predetermined main gearing data. Therefore …” „… a method to pre-dimension main beveloid gearing data based on application requirements was …”

H. B. Endeshaw, S. Ekwaro-Osire, F. M. Alemayehu, J. P. Dias Estimation of remaining useful life of gears with uncertainties in loading and material parameters S. 1063-1072

„… spectrum data of a wind turbine rotor was scaled and used to simulate the stochastic characteristic of the …” „… loading data is scaled down to the level of the nominal loading of the gear pair model used by Zhao et al …” „… determine the characteristics of the input torque condition and the associated loading cycles. Data of the …”

U. Kissling, M. Stangl The documentation of gearbox reliability – an upcoming demand S. 1051-1062

„… describe stochastic processes (see numerous textbooks, e.g. [8]). A probability distribution is a function …” „… probability. A classic source for this calculation is Bertsche's book [2], in which the possible processes …” „… service life is also calculated every time a verification is performed. Consequently, the data for each …”

Y. Cai, L. Yao, Z. Xie, J. Zhang, C. Peng Influence analysis of system parameters on characteristics of the nutation drive with double circular arc spiral bevel gears S. 435-446

„… three-coordinate measuring instrument to collect data from the gear tooth surface [13]. Similarly, Simon et al …” „… parameters [15]. Li et al. described the contact process of the gear pair to assess the influence of …” „… There is inevitable error in the processes of gear machining, installation, and abrasion. The axial …”

M. Hein, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Test method for time-scaled fatigue tests of gear transmission systems S. 1073-1084

„… that the load spectrum is equal for each considered damage mechanism. Only the “Wöhler” curve data …” „… determination of PA is a stepwise process depending on different given values regarding damage mechanism, load …” „… and test method. The underlying process is summarized in Fig. 3 and extensively described in [5]. In …”

T. Nagumo, M. Ishizuka, Y. Satou, S. Matsumura, H. Houjoh Estimation of loaded static transmission error using vibration measurement under operating conditions in a two-stage helical gear reducer S. 857-868

„… vibration measurement result. By repeating this process using an optimization method, the relative tooth …” „… , and a computing device for recording and analyzing the output data from the optical detector and the …” „… the vibration data using the trigger signal [5]. In this experiment, trigger signals corresponding to …”

Y. Wang, B. Peng, G. Liu, L. Liu Design of transmission accuracy of the involute cylindrical gear-worm gear system under large temperature difference based on FE method S. 491-502

„… machining process. Since the system works under large temperature difference, the deformation of the system …” „… . The occurrence of bending is considered due to light or no load. The final data to be obtained is the …” „… considered due to low load or no load. The final data should be radial variation on the axial section, while …”

D. Iba, S. Futagawa, T. Kamimoto, M. Nakamura, N. Miura, T. Iizuka, A. Masuda, A. Sone, I. Moriwaki Print of crack detection sensor for spur gears by laser sintering of conductive ink S. 869-880

„… to 7nm [6]. The conductivity is usually obtained by after curing process at 210°C for 60 min …” „… (Roland MDX-40A) and jig for the laser module. Table 1: Roland MDX-40A Technical data sheet. Workpiece …” „… 2: ZCL-40A Technical data sheet. Maximum angle of rotation ± 99999.999° Loadable workpiece size …”

B. Schlecht, F. Müller, S. Schumann Simulation and measurement of tooth flank deviations on bevel gears caused by pitting and micro pitting S. 293-304

„… measurement technique The obtained data is eventually analysed respect to tooth flank deviations. In order to …” „… the influence of the ongoing damage of the tooth flank. The entire simulation process is shown in Fig …”

D. Krüger, E. Leidich, I. Römhild, R. Heß, H. Linke Geometry, pitting and tooth root capacity of asymmetric gears S. 751-768

„… a bigger amount of data. Furthermore, when using the equations in [7] to calculate the maximum …” „… . Hence the heat treatment process may have to be adjusted. In comparison with gear teeth according ISO …”

J. Champain, S. Dalle, M. Octrue Simultaneous experimental characterization of dynamic transmission error to noise and vibration behavior of a gear system under load S. 953-962

„… different internal processes are represented in Fig. 2. Several sensors are set-up along the transfer path …” „… collect a large database of synchronous measurements to be used in vibro-acoustics computation models …” „… error, vibrations, internal and external noise, establishes a complete experimental database useful for …”

E. Maier, A. Ziegltrum, T. Lohner, K. Stahl Characterization of TEHL contacts of thermoplastic gears S. 1483-1496

„… between the applied hydrodynamic pressure and the surface deformation process known as damping. Moreover …” „… ] Available: http://www.campusplastics.com/campus/en/datasheet/Delrin%C2%AE+100+NC010/Du Pont/52/6fc48544 …”

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International Conference on Gears 2023

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2422 2023

Results in this title

H. Yakaria Securing the Quality Chain by the Networking with the Gear Suppliers S. 1617-1630

„… seamless utilization of data in subsequent processes. By having product specifications in a digital format …” „… domain. The Fig. 3 illustrates the interaction between the gear data required for the measurement process …” „… the measurement process. By employing the GDE data format, compatibility and consistency are …”

T. Jagiella, S. Haller, J. Lechner, T. Rung, M. Wöppermann, B. Zeeb Building a software toolchain for automated mass-customization of specific end-use gear unit parts using AM-driven design guidelines S. 1607-1616

„… support structures and converts the geometry into machine-specific, printable data.Every process step …” „… manufacturing data of the final part. This documentation, including all data generated during the process, is …” „… saved to a data storage and is, due to the design and manufacturing process route, unique for each …”

S. Moschkau, S. Held Optimization of product quality and manufacturing processes in real-time with vibration analysis S. 1821-1828

„… analyzes the physical and process-related measurement data from any number of vibration sensors during …” „… stored reference spectra is to be used for comparison based on the process data that it simultaneously …” „… web-based software that can query and process all data on a wide variety of machines thanks to its high …”

T. Kleiber, B. Neubauer Advancing to The Next Level – Cost Efficient Roll-Inspection: Back from End-of-Line NVH to Skiving Process S. 1591-1606

„… in post data-processing. 4. Double Flank Gear InspectionThe double flank gear inspection, sometimes …” „… why the lower section of negative R-value allows a split of the data-set batch. It is obvious that …” „… Process Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Kleiber, Dr.-Ing. Benedikt Neubauer, Business Division E-Mobility, Schaeffler …”

J. König, M. Obermayr, T. Klein Digitalization of the Gear Development Process – Chances, Benefits and Risks S. 1017-1026

„… of working with isolated software tools is data management. Most tools only process tool-specific …” „… Digitalization of the Gear Development Process – Chances, Benefits and RisksDr.-Ing. Johannes König …” „… the behavior of the product over the whole lifecycle. The latest development in this process is …”

C. van Oss, A. Hilbig, H. Sardemann, S. Schumann, B. Schlecht Opportunities arising from digital twins in gear development S. 1027-1038

„… Process In order to enable a correlation of the 2D flank photography with the 3D geometric data of the …” „… automatic mapping of 2D photo data onto a virtual 3D gear via photogrammetry. This allows for a …” „… straightforward and consistent comparison between occurring damage and the predicted damage from simulation data …”

A. Hilligardt, V. Schulze Gear Skiving with Minimum Twist Errors S. 1749-1764

„… : Workpiece, tool, and process data of example 1Workpiece data Number of teeth z2 -103 Normal pressure angle …” „… . dFf2 134.1 mm Tip form diameter dFa2 128.54 mm Tool and process data Number of teeth z0 63 …” „… : Tool and process data of example 2 Tool and process data Number of teeth z0 73 Constructive tip …”

M. M. Klein Holistic Sustainability-Assessment of Gearboxes S. 815-828

„… products (e.g. energy consumption for manufacturing processes), some data need to be delivered by suppliers …” „… lifecycles can be modeled as processes with referring input and output data. Exemplary …” „… to derive the necessary data. Therefore, databases and software solutions have to be further …”

D. Meyering, C. Hussmann Smart Gearboxes for a Sustainable and Reliable Industry S. 645-658

„… utilized the most, depends on the process and the resulting loads. With the measured real load data, the …” „… enabled operators to reduce dynamic process forces and critical operating conditions. An overall analysis …” „… . Introduction Computer aided engineering has revolutionized the development and design processes for gearbox …”

S. Hendricks, M. Solf, J. Brimmers, T. Bergs Investigation of the machinability of different quenched and tempered steels for the alternative process chain of planetary pinions in wind turbine gearboxes S. 1713-1730

„… each shift loop U during the fly-cutting process. As a result, 15 data sets were created for each …” „… process chain of planetary pinions in wind turbine gearboxesSteffen Hendricks M.Sc., Dr.-Ing. Mareike Solf …” „… environmentally damaging process and is also becoming increasingly unattractive due to rising gas prices. The use …”

L. Klee, T. Bergs, M. Solf, J. Brimmers Binder Jetting in Gears – Process Design and Tooth Bending Strength for Gears made of 17-4PH S. 1665-1680

„… : Influences of Relevant Process Parameters For position 1 in the buildbox, there were not enough data points …” „… Binder Jetting in Gears Process Design and Tooth Bending Strength for Gears made of 17-4PH Lukas …” „… powder bed-based additive manufacturing processes for metals can be classified into binder-based (e.g …”

F. Reinle, D. Mangherini, A. Bongiovanni Enhancing gear performance through advanced mass finishing and DEM simulation S. 1777-1786

„… fatigue behavior in a single process. The technique works by reducing surface roughness, inducing …” „… fully or partially abrasive - and a process fluid, typically a mixture of water and compounds that keep …” „… the process cool and the workpiece clean. Notably, in this context, the granulate material …”

B. Černe, N. Vukašinović, D. Zorko In-situ experimental methods for measuring tooth meshing displacements and wear during polymer gear tests using a high-speed camera with microscopy optics S. 1563-1580

„… processes taking place during a gear test. Using these methods is possible to assess the displacements and …” „… polymer gears display intricate and interconnected mechanical, thermal, and tribological processes …” „… about the actual thermomechanical and tribological processes taking place in the gear meshing zone are …”

F. Eigner, S. Oberle, M. Berger A non-restrictive approach of gear geometry calculation for plastic gears S. 1469-1482

„… filter process with the gear surface and the different data models 4. Advantages for plastic gears …” „… optimisation of a contact point of two gears. Furthermore, the data processing of the surface intersection is …” „… . Here, the manufacturing restrictions are usually different from those of metal cutting processes …”

B. Karba, N. Yildirim Backlash optimization via compatible gear couples on the assembly lines for planetary gearboxes S. 1147-1158

„… processes of design, manufacturing, qualification, and mounting, the data should be checked for consistency …” „… , Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey Abstract To check the data consistency of gears in each of the …” „… at every step of the process. The backlash (mechanical clearance) is one of the key factors changing …”

T. Schmid-Schirling, N. Saum, C. Eberz de Oliveira Löhrer Marker-Free, Single Item Traceability in Gear Wheel Production Based on Inherent Surface Patterns S. 1877-XXIX

„… hardening process, which changed the surface slightly. In use-case 2 almost 100 VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023 …” „… including heat treatment and grinding processes.1. Introduction Traceability on single item level is an …” „… important enabler for the sustainable improvement of production processes in terms of product quality …”

M. Willecke, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher Experimental Investigation of the load carrying capacity of beveloid gears with optimized flank topography S. 125-138

„… a neuronal network was trained with the already existing dataset containing the operational data of …” „… regarding the calculation and the testing of the load caring capacity. The calculation process is described …” „… gear mesh, see Fig. 1. Fig. 1: Overview of the calculation process in ZAKO3D Additionally to the …”

M. Hausmann, E. Kirchner Investigation of the electrical impedance of the gear mesh of helical gears in an industrial gearbox S. 1173-1180

„… these lead to cost-intensive downtimes. Comprehensive process and product data are required to reach the …” „… aim described above. This data is usually obtained via sensory functions integrated into processes or …” „… Uncertainty in Data-Acquisition by In Situ Measurements. Int. J. of Product Lifecycle Management 13 (2021) pp …”

P. Michel New generation in plastic gear technologies S. 1461-1468

„… manufacturing process is to use several injection points to reduce shamrock effect influence and manufacture …” „… points are generated automatically during this alignment process 3. The tool grooming values are …” „… automatically calculated on the basis of the nominal vs. actual data 4. The free form curves will be calculated …”

J. Vorgerd, P. Tenberge, M. Steinrötter Scuffing load carrying capacity of high-speed gears with an isotropic superfinished surface S. 227-242

„… contact. In the conventional manufacturing of cylindrical gears, the process of profile grinding realizes …” „… . Isotropic superfinishing of gears In the process of isotropic superfinishing the outer material layer is …” „… motion of ceramic abrasives to the gears polishes the exposing peaks. The process is repeatedly done in a …”

C. Herzog, D. Drummer Influence of the injection molding process on the tooth deflection of plastic gears during operation S. 1435-1448

„… Influence of the injection molding process on the tooth deflection of plastic gears during …” „… injection molding process on the tooth deflection of plastic gears during operation. Therefore, this …” „… contribution shows the effect of production process induced morphology and contourdeviations as well as the …”

S. Matkovič, D. Šeruga, M. Nagode, M. Kalin Prediction of tooth root fatigue failure of polymer gears for dry and oil lubricated contact and its comparison to experimentally obtained results S. 1301-1318

„… process, loads and reinforcements have vital role in polymer fatigue [16]. Therefore, data from a recent …” „… tribological data. However, the characterization of polymers’ properties and their behaviour in the gear test …” „… more commonly used in the product design process, not only for basic static stimulation but also for …”

J.-A. Meis Parametric system simulation of load sharing in planetary gearboxes S. 269-280

„… like the main shaft or the main bearing. The model only relies on the gear data, which is usually …” „… product development. The two main reasons for this are the necessary data and the numerical effort of …” „… these simulations. To build up a complete system model, all data of the gearbox are necessary, but …”

K. Lübke, K. Stein Quality inspection of special geometries measured with computed tomography – Evaluation of involute cylindrical gears according to ISO 1328-1 S. 1787-1802

„… voxel-based point cloud [2,3,4]. It can be exported in a surface-based STL data format, representing the …” „… involute gears and finishing with continuous processes e.g., generating grinding, these evaluated values …” „… are sufficient to control the manufacturing process. In contrast, conventional plastic gears are …”

L. Becker, P. Tenberge Crossed helical gears – simulative studies and experimental results on non-involute geometries S. 1499-1514

„… coefficients q0 to q4 are calculated with the basic gear data. The term q0 describes the tooth thickness at the …” „… thickness shifts in favor of bigger plastic teeth. The optimization process taking into account the state of …” „… shows the basic gear data of the geometries. Fig. 7: Path of contact from a crossed helical gear …”

J. Woelling, F. Manis Recycling of carbon fiber reinforced plastics – State of the Art and Challenges S. 1287-1296

„… various sides, several process routes have been (and still are) developed up to a commercial state, able …” „… . Public data is available on the distribution of the annually produced virgin carbon fibres (vCF) [7]; it …” „… process chain for recycling of composites is the separation of the individual material components …”

N. Missal, S. Schwertel, M. Ludwig The next level of axial forming for a sustainable component and process chain design S. 1765-1776

„… The next level of axial forming for a sustainable component and process chain design Chipless …” „… leisten. Abstract Based on the state of the art, the known manufacturing processes for producing external …” „… wear, energy inefficiency, required assembly processes, or insufficient gearing quality. As a result of …”

I. Hong, D. Talbot Tooth Bending Strain Rate Analysis in a Counter Shaft Drivetrain and Implications on Fatigue Strength S. 53-66

„… being the driving factor for VHCF failures, demand is increasing for experimental fatigue data in the …” „… surfaces are hardened. The common hardening processes are (i) carburization, (ii) carbonitriding, (iii …” „… ) ferritic nitrocarburizing, and (iv) gas or ion nitriding [5]. Carburization is a process where carbon is …”

M. Vivet, A. Rezayat, J. Verhoogen, K. Kucukcoskun, S. Donders Numerical analysis of bevel gear transmission acoustic emission using a 3D gear contact force model within a multibody system dynamics simulation environment S. 689-702

„… flank measurement data files. This means that a user can analyze the actually designed gear pair …” „… simulation, the process is performed for all teeth possibly in contact and for both tooth flanks, enabling …” „… necessary data is precomputed (prior to a dynamic simulation) using a finite element (FE) model of the …”

M. Fürst, S. Sepp, D. Schweigert, M. Otto, K. Stahl Experimental Investigation of Moving Contact Pattern in Helical Planetary Gearboxes S. 569-582

„… distribution with regard to the carrier rotation is presented. Based on experimental data recommendations for …” „… . In the design process, unequal load sharing and the non-uniformity of the load distribution can be …” „… process is covered in [16–18]. 2.1. Principle In the power path of the test rig, there is a worm gear …”

E. Grabovic, A. Artoni, M. Gabiccini, E. Ciulli Exploration of trade-offs between NVH and efficiency in bevel gear design S. 853-880

„… of the computational grid are extracted from the simulation post-process data. The computational grid …” „… model has been validated against experimental data available in the literature in previous works by the …” „… validated against experimental data for different lubricants. Paschold et al. [10] mathematically modeled …”

D. Yamazaki, D. Iba, J. Chong Low, I. Moriwaki Cross-correlation analysis among tooth profile and helix deviations S. 1273-1278

„… using the measured data of gear surfaces. However, the correlation coefficients cannot evaluate the …” „… periodicity between the deviation data. Therefore, we analyze the characteristics between tooth profile and …” „… method to visualize the relationship between tooth helix deviations as a network using the measured data …”

A. Yavuz Kanyilmaz, B. Karba, M. VARDAR Classifying plastic beveloid gear quality considering manufacturing errors S. 1159-1172

„… printing technology and evaluated the accuracy of gears manufactured using the 3D printing process. Bloju …” „… of AM processes for the fabrication of different types of gears and compared the accuracy and …” „… software, beveloid gears generated with different possibilities then, printed using additive process to …”

G. Guimarães, L. Robatto, R. Rego, A. Faria, A. Borille, J. Mascheroni Surface integrity of 20MnCr5 pinion gears manufactured through laser powder bed fusion S. 1845-1858

„… excessive stress states during finishing processes. For carburizing materials, such as 20MnCr5, the …” „… one of the most promising technologies. Compared to conventional manufacturing processes, AM provides …” „… ability to achieve the highest possible geometrical accuracy and density levels [3]. In this process, a …”

A. Beinstingel, F. Haringer, W. Sigmund, M. Heider, B. Pinnekamp, S. Marburg Investigation of Sound and Vibration Behavior of Cylindrical Gears S. 599-618

„… transmission process of the mating gear teeth, the transfer path of the structure-borne sound is a complex …” „… gearbox design. It is known that the power transmission process leads to an internal vibration excitation …” „… ., shaft misalignment) as well as profile modifications may influence the power transmission process during …”

B. Devaux, C. Hamon, S. Montani Evaluation of specialty polymer performances in gear applications and the bias between modeling and testing approaches S. 1515-1532

„… final dimensions of a gear after the injection molding process. The potential discrepancy on the …” „… injection molding process may affect the results of the experimental and numerical studies, it has been …” „… (injection molding simulation) to predict the final dimensions of the gear after injection molding process …”

A. Alnahlaui, P. Tenberge Optimised statistical evaluation for the determination of tooth root endurance strength S. 19-32

„… load capacity of a component assuming a normally distributed process, then the failure probability …” „… process is targeted. Thus, the tooth strengths can be utilized in this test simulation. Fig. 3: Staircase …” „… two teeth as a sample Test process Staircase with ICT Staircase with DCT Staircase NCT Ascending Using …”

L.-C. Chang, Q. Y. Zhuang, S.-J. Tsai, J.-F. Hochrein, S. Landler, M. Otto, K. Stahl Comparing the contact characteristics of involute gear/ eccentric cycloidal gear calculated by various loaded tooth contact analysis models S. 397-412

„… Generation process of tooth profile of pinion on central tangent plane 2.1 Mathematical equations of …” „… horizontal axis. Fig. 3 Generation process of tooth profile of gear on tangential plane According to the …” „… . Numerical analysis example 4.1 Involute gear 4.1.1 Calculation data The gearing data standardized in [12 …”

J. Langhart, S. Ebrahimi, T. Kelichhaus A comparison of time and frequency domain approaches for NVH S. 583-598

„… . 2422, 2023584Fig. 1: EV transmission with two stage helical gear with housing 2.1 Gear data The gear …” „… macro geometry data are shown in table 1. As typical for EV transmissions, the gears are designed with …” „… macro geometry data Gear Parameters Stage I Stage II Gear 1 Gear 2 Gear 3 Gear 4 Number of teeth [-] 23 …”

M. Reichl, P. Lenz, A. Oliva Challenges and possibilities of virtual development of e-axle transmissions S. 485-498

„… essential during the development process to get a deep understanding of the lubrication system.In this paper …” „… possible without a big preprocessing effort. This saves a lot of time in the development process …” „… considered is a FVA3 oil. The material data of the used oils is shown in Table 2. The three speeds considered …”

D. Gallagher, E. Wiita, R. Weidig Improved Method for Validation of Root Stress in Polymer Gears S. 1333-1350

„… (including material data) are in a lower state of maturity compared to those for steel. 2. Unique …” „… conventional hobbing or shaping, the majority are manufactured by injection moulding, a process which allows …” „… processes, meaning the resulting tooth profile is free from the constraints of kinematic generation and the …”

W. Smet Gear geometry, size and material influences not captured in ISO 6336 S. 1267-1272

„… used processes for wind industry gears as required in IEC 61400-4 [6]. This guiding is mainly developed …” „… failures as well. To be able to make the right choices with sufficient substantiation, more gear test data …” „… the variations in material due to process variations in chemistry, cleanliness, and microstructure …”

A. Donmez, A. Kahraman Experimental Investigation of Influence of Indexing Errors on Gear Rattling S. 703-714

„… tooth surfaces followed by impacts, in the process causing excessive noise issues coined as gear rattle …” „… errors, in the process elevating the RMS value of 1( )t to 608 2rad/s compared to 21 287rad/srms in …” „… distribution. Next set of data considers various input torque fluctuations aT at 10mT Nm, 1 2n , and variable …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XXVIII

„… ); detailed bibliographic data is available via Internet at www.dnb.de.© VDI Verlag GmbH · Düsseldorf 2023Alle …” „… am August 30, 2023 | 15:31:04 | 148 mm x 210 mmScientific supportVDI Society Product and Process …” „… DesignThe VDI SOCIETY PRODUCT AND PROCESS DESIGN (VDI-GPP) and its technical divisions provide all sectors …”

J. Lövenich, M. Zalfen, D. Mevissen, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher Crack growth based tooth root life prediction model – an influence quantity analysis S. 109-124

„… high-purity materials produced in complex remelting processes. On the other hand, the roughness of the …” „… processes and a superfinishing process to optimize the roughness. The combination of high material purity …” „… process usually connected to shot peening. After heat treatment, residual stresses arise due to carbon …”

J. Gründer, A. Monz Analytical Method for Calculating the Nominal Tooth Root Stress in Worm Gear Shafts S. 1091-1110

„… manufacturing process, the technological size, the surface roughness, the hardness of the component as well as …” „… detailed measurements are provided in [12, 20 through 22]. Data of measured surface hardness is found in …” „… in [33]. By simulating the manufacturing process and considering assembly deviations, the load …”

G. Devaraj Vibration reduction of planetary gear drive using mesh phasing: modelling and experimental validation S. 157-174

„… an initial design process of silent planetary gearbox; [3] derived mesh phasing rules to suppress …” „… will be referenced using e-drive motor speed. The test instruments and equipment include a data …” „… is in good correlation with the measured data; therefore, design changes can be made on the system …”

T. Tra My Truong, S. Schumann, B. Schlecht On the Testing of Flank Fracture Calculations Based on 3D-Gears S. 243-256

„… appearance of flank factures. In order to avoid the failure of experimental tests, the gear design process is …” „… more hard and resistant against failure while the core keeps its flexi-bility. During that process …” „… can be calculated almost perfectly. Table 1: Key data of the project FVA 240 II [2] with the modified …”

M. Werner, S. Graf, M. Oehler, O. Koch Investigation of the electrical behavior of a spur gear stage pair by means of impedance measurements S. 67-80

„… supply (A, B). The geometrical data of the investigated straight-toothed gears with a gear ratio of 1:1 …” „… Table 2. Table 1: Geometrical data of the Gears Module 3 mm Number of Teeth (pinion and gear) 20 Width …” „… the run-in process on the impedance and phase angle over the frequency at 40°C, can be seen in in …”

U. Kissling Impact of manufacturing deviations on the NVH behavior of modern gear design concepts S. 367-382

„… Drehweg-abweichung/Festigkeit eingehalten werden.Abstract Gear design is a demanding process. The main objective is clearly the …” „… possible. Gears are produced based on the tool geometry and process kinematics. The kinematics are …” „… calculated by the control software of the machine, using the theoretical gear data and the required tooth …”

M. Rothemund, M. Otto, K. Stahl Applicability of classic analytical calculation approaches for the design of plastic gears S. 1483-1498

„… macrogeometry for the application, which is determined in practice using iterative design processes. Numerical …” „… are suitable for an iterative design process. However, the approaches currently used in the …” „… gears can be produced fast and very easily in large quantities through the injection molding process. As …”

B. van Wissen, L. Pastukhov, F. Mitsuzuka, K. Iwanaga, A. Hasanovic NVH performance of thermoplastic gears: modelling and measuring S. 1389-1402

„… measurements and modelling using an experimental case study. Gear noise data is obtained using sound level …” „… meters and microphones mounted close to high-speed running gears. Via detailed data analysis, combined …” „… molded gears, however due the machining process the achieved accuracy is higher. The metal gears were …”

J. Lohmiller, F. Dobler, M. Wöppermann Investigating different nodular graphite irons for the application of gears – a step towards standardization by using reasonable quality criteria S. 1731-1748

„… ; however, the design freedom of the casting process outweighs this drawback. Although commonly used for …” „… several years, only little data regarding toothing-specific strength values is available. Moreover, ADI is …” „… ADI data points consist of material from different suppliers (differences in chemical compositions …”

S. Sklenak, D. Mevissen, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher, B. Lenz, A. Mehner Analysis of Load Cycles and Local Wear of Dry and Solid-Lubricated Gears S. 727-740

„… rolling-sliding contact is primarily depend-ent on the type of solid lubricant, the coating process and the …” „… flanks show no increased service life for variants that were smoothed with a running-in process before …” „… continuous measurement data was used to analyze the operating behavior. In the second step, local …”

D. Zorko, N. Vukašinović, B. Černe The effect of gear manufacturing quality on the mechanical and thermal state of a plastic gear S. 1319-1332

„… materials are being constantly developed, however, there is very little relevant material data available for …” „… various plastic materials with different properties, cannot be adequately used due to the lack of data …” „… be any VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023 1319standardized design methods and relevant material data …”

P. Chavan, M. Lutz Validation of an industrial gearbox model for predicting vibro-acoustic behavior S. 619-632

„… gear tooth contact and bearing behavior, analytical formulations are utilized in the modeling process …” „… measured values, achieving a good agreement between simulated and experimental data. The experimental …” „… reference data for comparison with the MBS model. Fig. 9 shows the comparison of the frequency content of …”

S. Chen, C. Liu, D. Qin Forward Performance-driven Design of Gear Parameters S. 211-226

„… parameters, the conventional design process requires a number of steps which are time-consuming and complex …” „… mesh loss is calculated through a mesh process analysis, and other power losses are calculated by …” „… calculation and verification steps to obtain a set of gear parameters. The calculation process is cumbersome …”

S. Ebrahimi, U. Kissling, C. S. Matkovič Evaluation of the NVH Characteristics of Gear Drives with Plastic Gears by the Forced Response Analysis S. 1403-1418

„… better NVH characteristics of a powertrain system. In this regard, a dynamic calculation process, called …” „… 1 and 2 specify the gear mesh data of the gearbox for both variants. Fig. 1: A two-stage gearbox …” „… model layout VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 20231406Table 1: Gear mesh data of the gearbox with plastic gears …”

L. Bonaiti, M. Brambilla, P. Chiariotti, A. Cigada, C. Gorla, G. Boni, P. Codeluppi The effect of pinion axial positioning on noise and transmission error of face hobbed and face milled bevel gears S. 839-852

„… The data acquisition system designed to measure TE is based on two incremental optical encoders. The …” „… MS/s/ch data acquisition board (NI 6110) with simultaneous sampling is used to acquire the A, B and zero …” „… the period of each sinusoid (given the time-based data acquisition strategy adopted to measure the TE …”

S.-J. Tsai, Q.-Y. Zhuang, L.-C. Chang Design and analysis of compound stepped planetary gear drives for better transmission performances S. 537-552

„… ] proposed a timing process for installation of the stepped planets and a set of calculation equations to …” „… that of PRi for gear pair R-PRi. This process is repeated for each gear train R-PRi-PSi-S. The final …” „… of each planet will be involved in the model additionally. The numerical solving process is the same …”

S. Sartori, L. Alari, N. Motta, D. Podda Helicopter Drive System Safety Dissertation S. 633-644

„… through fact-based data, to address root causes and system weaknesses as soon as they are identified, and …” „… coming from surface treatments and other manufacturing processes and all other applicable loading …” „… and qualification process Tapered hourglass spherical bearing design functional and structural test …”

J. Zhang, B. Shaw, A. Hammer, I. Sewell Effects of Surface Engineering on the Efficiency of Involute Helical Gears – An Experimental Investigation S. 995-1016

„… lubricant on gear efficiency and demonstrated, through factorisation, how lab test data can be applied to …” „… and data acquisition, which enabled the applied torque, rotational speed and oil temperature being …” „… closely controlled. All data was logged at a frequency of 1 HZ. Test gears Basic gear data Test gears used …”

P. E. Schnetzer, J. Pellkofer, K. Stahl Calculation method for wear of steel-bronze rolling-sliding contacts relating to worm gears S. 907-926

„… slip ratio 𝑠 ( 100 % ∙ / ) and the Table 2: Oil dataFig. 4: Experimental results on the worm gear test …” „… friction and wear processes exist in the literature. The currently available calculation methods usually …” „… geometrical data of the worm gears used can be seen in Table 1. The surface roughnesses are measured in the …”

M. Ruzek, R. Brun, F. Ville, P. Velex, Y. Marchesse On the reduction of windage power losses in gears by the modification of tooth geometry S. 785-800

„… with the geometrical data is presented in the next section, followed by a description of the numerical …” „… terms of WPL is downgraded. Fig. 8: Influence of a ramp on WPL (data from the measurement) 500 1000 …” „… (the symbols are data from numerical approach and the lines correspond to power regression). Fig. 10 …”

T. König, L. Cadau, L. Steidle, M. Kley, D. Cansu Güney, J. Albrecht, K. Weber A concept for comparison of new and aged lubricants in transmissions of electric vehicles and a method of oil aging on a test rig S. 1195-1206

„… meticulously planned and closely monitored process of oil aging is carried out within the transmission. Both a …” „… transmission lubricant. Upon completion of the oil aging process, a comprehensive analysis is performed using …” „… Heavy-Duty Truck E-Axle with Oil Analysis Data. Lubricants 10 (2022) 10, doi: 10.3390/lubricants10100252. [17 …”

J. D. M. Marafona, J. H. O. Seabra, P. M. T. Marques, R. C. Martins Effect of overlap ratio on gear dynamic behavior and noise level S. 1239-1256

„… /- normalized root fillet radius of the basic rack profile 0.38 0.38 Data regarding the other gear parameters …” „… efficiency. Hence, after analyzing this data, it is expected that the IOR100 leads to an improved system …” „… are tested from 50 rpm up to 10000 rpm in steps of 50 rpm.Table 6: Shaft data Shaft inputs Diameter …”

S. Birk, E. Stoppel, V. Labriola Influence of plastic-metal-pairings on the lifetime of gears S. 1535-1546

„… providing simulation and test data. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023 1541Fig. 9 shows the contact stress …” „… by 13%. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 20231542As this is an iterative design process a further step …”

C. Karampatzakis, A. Mihailidis, A. Mantzaflaris, C. Provatidis Contact simulation of tooth flanks using Isogeometric Analysis S. 413-428

„… introduced in the discretization process. Furthermore, there is only continuity between adjacent elements …” „… contact residuals to the tangent stiffness matrix. The process is also presented in [18], but here it has …” „… attained. It is clear from the data, that the second order NURBS basis has converged to less than 1% within …”

E. Virtanen, M. Kanerva, G. Szanti Fatigue testing of large sized bevel gears S. 897-906

„… development of better running-in processes. Old procedures were based on a linear increase of transmitted …” „… geometry data is given to Becal [2], which calculates the flank pressures for the given load. The flank …”

F. Mieth, D. Tazir Local load capacity analysis for the design of a balanced flank modification for cylindrical gears according to bevel gear procedures S. 927-944

„… is not a continuous fatigue process, but rather a spontaneous failure which can also occur after a …” „… VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023 933geometric deviation of the fitting surface quality from the underlying data must …” „… : Geometric deviation of the fitting surface from the underlying data Another way to consider the interaction …”

L. Amar Review of the definition of the loads for spur and helical gears in standards and handbooks S. 301-314

„… describes a reference used for the generation manufacturing process not the gear meshing physics. For a gear …” „… - Easy to calculate with a limited amount of data: number of teeth, module, and torque. - Useful for …”

U. Cihak-Bayr, T. Wopelka, C. Wintersteiger Effect of LOL conditions under high velocity and high injection temperatures S. 763-778

„… friction data are barely published. Typically, available twin-disc rigs cover ranges between 0.5 m/s and 8 …” „… process of both cylindrical and equally sized discs resulted in a surface topography illustrated in Fig. 1 …” „… temperature. Thus, this influence could not be clearly deduced from the experimental data which reflect some …”

M. J. Herberger, F. Rudolph, B. Sievers Efficient concepts for high ratio angular gearboxes S. 801-814

„… data for load, speed, temperature and further gearbox properties. In order to verify the calculation, a …” „… process for an angular stage generally gives possibilities to counteract this relation. But by applying …”

F. Concli, M. N. Mastrone Latest advancements in the lubrication simulations of geared systems: a technology ready for industrial applications S. 499-518

„… meshing process is significantly simplified and completed independently for each subregion. However, the …” „… performance and churning losses displayed a good correlation with experimental data. Deshpande et al. [51 …” „… numerical results showed good agreement with experimental data. Following a similar approach, Liu et al …”

K. Moser, S. Körber Advanced biopolymer compounds for technical applications S. 1297-1300

„… moulding process. The small intensity peak at 19° in the specimen with NA-6 can be traced back to the small …” „… . 20, no. 4, pp. 904–906, May 1987. [2] “Talc R050087 - RRUFF Database: Raman, X-ray, Infrared, and …”

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Automation 2022

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2399 2022

Results in this title

W. Li, M. Winter, C. Roos, T. Kleinert Strukturgraph der Produktion – Ein Konzept für Prozessdatenintegration und -analyse mit Anwendungsbeispielen S. 355-370

„… Anwendungsbeispielen Structure Graph of Production: A concept for process data integration and analysis with …” „… maintain and increase competitiveness. More and more data on production facilities and processes is …” „… Causal questions can be answered through combining data analysis and process model [18]. Traditional …”

C. Song, J. Schlake, S. Emmrich Materialverfolgungsbasierter Softsensor für die Überwachung von Treibhausgasemissionen in der Prozessindustrie S. 161-174

„… requires fine grained process information. In this study, we propose to build a data-driven soft sensor …” „… data, such that the simulator replicates manufacturing events in situ, and fine-grained process …” „… per plant is not sufficient. A soft sensor [10] is a numerical model that combines process data and a …”

M. Platenius-Mohr, J. Schlake, M. Vach, R. Koorts Bring your Machine Learning Intelligence to the Edge – An Example on Edge Analytics for Cement Strength Prediction S. 413-424

„… devices that provide the data to be analyzed. Example use cases from process auto-mation include asset …” „… process industries – and so is Edge Analytics. In addition to the ability to process real-time data …” „… volumes of data can be processed at faster response times.  The possibility to (pre-)process data on the …”

C. Song, M. Gärtler, B. Klöpper Phasenidentifikation von Batch-Prozessen durch aktives Lernen S. 625-636

„… process data can be car-ried out with different methods [1–3], the most efficient techniques are still …” „… historical data, such that the further analysis can take place. Fig. 2: Batch process cycle and batch …” „… framework of KEEN consortium [9] we obtain various batch process data from partners. In this paper we focus …”

B.-M. Pfeiffer, C. Leingang, C. Busse, M. Oppelt, O. Lorenz, A. Cano Nonlinear Model Predictive Control: from Digital Twin to Real-World Application in Polymerization Process S. 205-218

„… such a polymerization process:  Purely data-driven black-box models, e.g. based on artificial …” „… data-points contained in training data, but no extrapolation, and they do not contribute to process …” „… steady state process data for the differ-ent polymer grades produced alternately in the same reactor. PID …”

M. Freund, C. Barth, P. Juhlin, S. Lehnhoff, M. Winter, G. Fachinger Supporting Product Lifecycle Information Management and Distributed Engineering with an Integration Model S. 277-288

„… – engineering processes may vary significantly and can be based on different domains, tools, and data models …” „… , integration, and linking of (engineering) data from different domains across the engineering process such as …” „… in the P&ID (e.g. a control valve and a flow sensor) needs to be represented as DataAssembly of a …”

M. Gärtler, B. Schmidt Auf dem Weg zur Digitalisierung von R&I – Evaluierung von Few Shot Learning Techniken zur einfachen Erkennung bisher unbekannter Elemente S. 453-464

„… system and the subsystem is used to reduce the data requirements of the learning process of VDI-Berichte …” „… ]. Introduction Nowadays, Industry 4.0 and the industrial internet of things (IIoT) with its data-centric view are …” „… (P&ID), which are commonly used for engineering in the process industry. While initiatives like DEXPI …”

G. Cainelli, L. Underberg, L. Rauchhaupt Framework for bringing wireless communication into the context of Industrie 4.0 S. 31-44

„… between elements within the physical domain. It is the data traffic of the production process. For example …” „… domain(Assets)Digital domain(AAS)ASSET_M1ASSET_NWProductive Data ExchangeManagement Data exchangeI4.0 Data exchangeAAS_M1 …” „… G module as delivered. This data generally can be found in the module’s documenta-tion (datasheets …”

M. Krüger, B. Vogel-Heuser, K. Land, G. Grim, J. Lorenzer, M. Hanf Data Mining in der Prozesstechnik als Key-Enabler intelligenter Digitaler Zwillinge für eine datengetriebene Optimierung der Prozessführung S. 231-244

„… how similarities between process variables can be described by data min-ing on historical process data …” „… da-rauffolgenden Separationsphasen abgewogen werden. Der vorgestellte Data-Mining-Ansatz kann Abhängigkeiten in …” „… 01-02.623. [3] M. Krüger, B. Vogel-Heuser, I. Weiß und E. Trunzer, „Data-Driven Product Quality Mon-itoring …”

S. Grüner, M. Hoernicke Orchestrierung hybrider Anlagen – auf dem Weg zur Integration von PackML Komponenten in Modulare Anlagen S. 307-318

„… Anlagen Orchestration of Hybrid Plants – Towards Integration of PackML Machines into Modular Process …” „… automatisch auf MTP mappen. Unser Ansatz wurde durch eine Erweiterung eines MTP-kompatiblen Process …” „… , changeability, and in-teroperability requirements both in discrete manufacturing and process industry. Currently …”

C. Neunzig, D. Möllensiep, S. Fahle, B. Kuhlenkötter, M. Möller, J. Schulz Approach to Data Pre-processing for Predictive Quality of Hydraulic Test Results in a Dynamic Manufacturing Environment S. 425-438

„… using data-driven predictive analytics, the imbalanced ratio of the target also becomes a problem in …” „… production dataset for different time intervals. Time Interval Training Data Test Data class distribution …” „… implementation. In addition, future work will focus on expanding the current database using synthetic data …”

S. Fluchs, E. Tastan, R. Drath, M. Mertens, J. Ritter, A. Horch, A. Fay Security-Entscheidungen „by Design“ in das Engineering prozesstechnischer Anlagen integrieren – Konzept der „Automation Security by Design Decisions“ S. 115-132

„… engineering of process plants Introducing the “Automation Security by Design Decisions” concept S. Fluchs …” „… decisions must be made early enough during the automation engineer-ing process ("security by design …” „… pro-cesses and security integration mechanisms and complements them with a security-by-design concept based …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XVI

„… in the Deutsche Nationalbibliographie (German National Bibliography); detailed bibliographic data is …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 C. Song, J. Schlake, ABB Corporate Research Center, Ladenburg; S. Emmrich, ABB Division Process …” „… Arbeitsgruppe Systemverfahrenstechnik, Technische Universität Dresden; A. Klose, H. Lange, Process …”

E. Tastan, R. Drath, S. Fluchs AutomationML-basierte Modellierungsansätze für ein Security-Engineering- Informationsmodell S. 133-148

„… processes, this is not the case with security. Security engineering, like functional safety, must integrate …” „… into existing automation engineering processes, which is currently undergoing significant changes, but …” „… Rahmen des öffentlich geförderten Projektes IDEAS "Integrated Data Models for the engineering of …”

S. Höme, T. Fischer, G. Biehler, S. Kerschbaum Sichere interoperable Maschine-zu-Maschine- Kommunikation basierend auf OPC UA Field Exchange S. 679-690

„… . Eine autonome Einheit in diesem Beitrag kann eine Maschine2, eine Process Equipment Assembly, eine …” „… Process Unit3 oder vergleichbares sein. Eine autonome Einheit führt einen oder mehrere …” „… Begriff Maschine wird in der Regel im Kontext der Fabrikautomatisierung verwendet. 3 Die Begriff Process …”

I. Gräßler, M. Hieb, D. Roesmann Gestaltung einer Forschungsinfrastruktur für die Anwendung digitaler Werkzeuge in Cyber-Physischen Produktionssystemen S. 667-678

„… über Sensoren und/oder IT-Systeme ab. 2. Die Data-to-Information Conversion Ebene beinhaltet die …” „… folgt: „Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) is an integration of computation with physical processes. Embedded …” „… computers and networks monitor and control the physical processes, usually with feedback loops where …”

A. Stutz, T. Kempin, M. Maurmaier, M. Blumenstein, A. Fay Konfigurierbare Controller-Controller-Kommunikation für modulare Produktionssysteme S. 651-666

„… Remote-Port sowie den Port des eigenen Systems. Die Datentypen WriterGroup, DataSetWriter, ReaderGroup und …” „… DataSetReader sind analog aus [12] übernommen und auf die Übertragung eines Prozesswerts und Quality Codes …” „… der Process Values. Abschnitt 3 führt allgemeine Anforderungen an die Querkommunikation ein, gefolgt …”

D. Vranješ, P. Topalis, O. Niggemann Chancen und Herausforderungen für Künstliche Intelligenz in kleinen und mittelständischen Unternehmen S. 399-412

„… .: Towards a software engineering process for developing data-driven applications. In 2019 IEEE/ACM 7th …” „… : Towards a standard process model for data mining. In Proceedings of the 4th international conference on …” „… 2020. [32] Microsoft: Team Data Science Process, 2022 …”

R. Gitzel, T. Kozel Hot Spot Detection in Electrical Equipment using the Inverse Pixel Count Algorithm S. 479-490

„… Faults in mission-critical electrical equipment can lead to downtime in production processes or technical …” „… example data is from medium voltage switchgear, the algorithm can also be applied to other electrical …” „… based on the image data. For example, the statistical moments of the temperature histogram can be used …”

P. Langlitz, F. Lenhart, M. Roser Datenbasierte Überwachung von reproduzierbaren, chemischen Batchprozessen für modellbasierte Sicherheitsfunktionen S. 101-114

„… Process Control, Springer-Verlag, 2013. [5] Wan, J., Marjanovic, O., Lennox, B.; Uneven batch data …” „… ., Chiang, L.H., Reis, M. S.; Data-driven methods for batch data analysis – A critical overview and mapping …” „… Prozesslenkung (engl. Mul-tivariate Statistical Process Control, MSPC) verwendet. Dies sind lineare …”

G. Just, V. Khaydarov, L. Urbas, B. Klöpper, F. D. Bähner Hidden Markov Models und Active Learning zur automatisierten Kennzeichnung von Batchphasen in der Prozessindustrie S. 615-624

„… Systems. Dos Santos Louçada Coelho Vicente, M. (2021). Model for Batch Process Data Generation - A …” „… , J. I., & Muller, P.-A. (2019). Deep learning for time series classification: a review. Data mining …” „… models for segmenting and labeling sequence data. International Conference on Machine Learning (pp …”

H. S. Steude, D. Vranješ, J. L. Augustin, O. Niggemann, M. Lange-Hegermann, D. Höche Verwendung Neuronaler Netze zur automatisierten Analyse und Modellierung elasto-plastischer Materialeigenschaften von metallischen Zugproben S. 505-520

„… , “Data-driven discovery of Green’s func-tions with human-understandable deep learning,” May 2021, doi: 10.1038/s …” „… laborious and very often manual but elementary process, as it can be used to derive materials-specific …” „… mechanisms during plastic deformation. Respective training data was generated by numerical FEM simulations …”

N. Widulle, J. Ehrhardt, M. Krantz, A. Liebert, A. Nordhausen, O. Niggemann Eine Simulationsumgebung für flexible Cyber-Physische Produktionssysteme zur Generierung realistischer Datensätze für maschinelle Lernverfahren S. 533-544

„… Tennessee Eastman Process (TEP) [14]. Er beschreibt einen Her-stellungsprozess aus der Verfahrenstechnik …” „… industrial process control problem,” Com-puters & Chemical Engineering, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 245–255, Mar …” „… industry 4.0 Processes for virtual simulators,” Applied Sciences, vol. 9, no. 23, p. 4983, Nov. 2019, doi …”

L. Underberg, G. Cainelli, T. Neugebauer Performance Evaluation of a Campus Network emphasizing the ICT-OT-relation S. 637-650

„… performance parameters are not evaluated. Furthermore, the user data length is also not considered during the …” „… ] the performance parameters data rate, transmission time, update time, jitter and packet loss of a 5G …” „… user data length. While we are considering a SA system, the authors are analysing NSA. In [6] the …”

K.-H. Niemann, S. Merklin IT-Security für Automatisierungssysteme mit Ethernet-APL-Feldgeräten S. 149-160

„… : https://enterprise.veri-zon.com/resources/reports/2019-data-breach-investigations-report.pdf [7] Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik …” „… well as OPC UA. Despite the significant benefits for the process industry that APL brings, the OT …” „… _Beitrag_Niemann_Hoh_de.pdf [6] Verizon Enterprise, 2019 Data Breach Investigations Report. [URL …”

I. Garmaev, T. Miny, T. Kleinert, A. Schüller, P. Bitterlich Konzept und Realisierung für die automatisierte Erstellung von Verwaltungsschalen in Unternehmen basierend auf bestehenden Daten aus verschiedenen Informationssystemen S. 263-276

„… automated Creation of Asset Management Shells in Companies based on existing Data from different Information …” „… Industry 4.0 and the associated digital transformation within the process chains, companies have to provide …” „… purpose, the already existing information must be transformed into the new data format. In order to make …”

F. Volkmann, N. Baur, S. Höme, A. Palmin, M. Madsen Vertrauensbasierte Integration von Geräten mittels OPC UA Device Provisioning S. 329-342

„… Subtype of the BaseTicketType DataType defined in 4.5.6. Uri = ProductInstanceUri The ProductInstanceUri …” „… Authentication Process (DAP) 2. OPC UA Part 21 Device Provisioning Mit der neuen Spezifikation OPC UA Part …”

A. Charizanis, M. Müller, M. Weyrich, H. Mettler Validierung von sicherheitsrelevanten KI-Systemen in der Pharmabranche S. 561-580

„… SPEC 92001. April 2019. Artificial Intelligence - Life Cycle Processes and Quality Requirements [9 …” „… ] Baird, Pat ; Nayak, Rohit ; Karceski, Jackie: Data Quality for AI in Healthcare. URL https://static1 …” „… /AI_Whitepa-per_GMLP_Data+Quality+for+AI_final3.pdf – Überprüfungsdatum 2022-01-29 [10] Baird, Pat ; Nayak, Rohit ; Nienburg, Kelly: Building …”

L.-T. Reiche, A. Fay, M. Runge, K.-H. Niemann Konzeption eines vereinheitlichenden Energieinformationsmodells zur Integration unterschiedlicher Energieprofile S. 371-386

„… process the energy information of different energy profiles in a standardized manner. 1 Einleitung Vor …” „… . Reiche, M. Runge, K.-H. Niemann, A. Fay: Communication of energy data in au-tomation systems. In …”

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Plastics in Automotive Engineering 2016

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 4343 2016

Results in this title

R. Vaculik Sensor technology for interconnected injection-molding production: a prerequisite for Industry 4.0 S. 289-296

„… ), which stores the full scope of process and production data on an order-specific basis. The database is …” „… analyses can be carried out with the process data stored in the central database. This goes beyond …” „… development, production or utilization. In other words, data acquisition in the process and the …”

F. Schumann, R. Ankele, F. Jürgens, H-J. Endres The innovative hybrid fleece molding (HFM) concept as a sustainable alternative in direct comparison with the door panel for the Volvo XC90 S. 213-224

„… data are data from databases of the GaBi LCA software. Examples of these are data sets for ABS and …” „… developed hybrid fleece molding technology, which innovatively combines the two manufacturing processes of …” „… manufacturing technology One practical example of a process in which several hundred grams per assembly is …”

E. Meurer, M. Hanigk Thermoplastic crash-absorbing elements made from PC/PBT (Makroblend®) as part of the sideprotection concept of the BMW i3 S. 225-238

„… enabled optimization of property data for the finite element simulation used to define the layout of the …” „… of energy absorption could only be managed by a deformation process. In addition a preferably …” „… process until the honeycomb had completely folded and blocked. The self-stabilization of the linked …”

J. J. Laux, H. Moore, J. Ingram, J. Kowalski Class A Compression-Molded Carbon-Fiber Hood – Development and production of the Cadillac ATS-V and CTS-V Hood S. 59-66

„… consistent with the production process. Without being able to change any of the existing build-to-print data …” „… clearly defined materials and processes to yield a product that is significantly lighter than the previous …” „… viscosity. At the time, most prepregs on the market were tailored for an autoclave process. Magna’s …”

H. Gawinski, E. Neitzel, D. Bauch Potential for weight reduction in commercial vehicles – Air springs with pistons made of glass-fiber- reinforced plastic S. 337-344

„… volume-production specimens – in other words, produced using the same tooling and process data as were used as the …” „… short cycle times to boost cost-cutting potential for material and process costs. 339 Fig. 4 …” „… mold-filling process is simulated firstly by a mold-flow analysis while including the mold geometry and …”

M. Franzen, O. Ghouati Consideration of local thicknesses within finite element simulation of injection molded thermoplastics S. 279-288

„… influence on the development process. The need for CO2 reduction and hence the resulting need to reduce the …” „… Method (FEM) has been applied for a long time. However this process can only be successful when numerical …” „… and this information is therefore included in the CAD data. For blow-molded thermoplastics the …”

M. Gehlen New possibilities for the rapid customizing of mold surface structures – Lasered paint in the mold S. 347-348

„… process is costeffective, quickly implementable, and reproducible. With the appropriate data preparation …” „… with water. The principle advantages of this process are in the processing time and also in the fact …”

B. Pfeiffer, S. Tönnies Local reinforcement in series production – Local reinforcement in series production S. 239-246

„… production. A process has been developed at Celanese in which Celstran tapes are inserted by a robot with …” „… Celstran® tapes (source: Celanese process chart) 239 With Celstran® tapes the pultrudate is not cut into …” „… process has been developed at Celanese [Figure 2] in which local insertion and overmolding can be fully …”

L. Gervat, M. Lacuve, J.M. Fiard, G. Gauge, F. Bekaert Determination of thermal damages undergone by plastic parts in stochastic environments: application to air ducts S. 105-118

„… strength data of a PA66-GF30 from CAMPUS® [9] For many chemical reactions involving covalent bonds, the …” „… different answers as chemists questioned. It is therefore necessary to ask for actual data by a known and …” „… temperature Tc, if t50%(Tc) 3000h. Actually, it is very easy to reconcile these data with the traditional …”

E. Glas, L. Greve, O. Steiln, J. Čopík, R. Flögel Simulation of plastics in crash conditions at Volkswagen – Requirements relating to safety-relevant plastic components S. 119-130

„… process is still not taken sufficiently into account. Thirdly, even today there are still no adequate …” „… resulting from the injection process is equally visible. A first material model for implementing these …” „… anisotropic since the microstructure forms with local differences in the component during the processes of …”

J. M. Fiard, J. M. Cardona, P. Gauquie Mécaplast Plastic oil pan design for an optimized gasoline engine – Project management of novelty by failure mode analysis S. 181-192

„… describe the development process that has been applied with the original equipment manufacturer Mecaplast …” „… . The methodology is based on a failure mode analysis process such as breakage (brutal, fatigue, creep …” „… . Design review by failure mode process Besides the standard process of engine development, a process …”

J. J. Laux, L. Vanin, S. Grgac, G. Schalte Injection-Molded Carbon-Fiber Grille Opening Reinforcement – Development and production of the 2016 Ford Mustang Shelby GT350 GOR S. 93-104

„… processes to yield a product that is significantly lighter than the previous product, while meeting all …” „… process A 20% carbon-fiber-reinforced PA 6.6 resin was chosen as the substrate material to mold the two …” „… Implant Welding (RIW) was chosen as the ideal welding process. The welded enclosure forms part of the …”

R. Mielke, P. Dierks Challenging surfaces and lightweight construction in the instrument panel of the new Volkswagen Tiguan S. 5-16

„… that unevennesses arising from the production process are noticed more quickly. For this reason the …” „… synthetic leather 6 The master model is prepared via a molding process with a negative. The master model …” „… in series production of the instrument panel skin (Figure 3). Fig. 3: Process steps with the …”

R. Krischke, R. Poltrock, S. Stein Development of a lightweight instrument-panel support structure Material and production concept of the instrument-panel support tube made of long-glass-fiberreinforced partly aromatic polyamide for th... S. 259-278

„… requirements are first simulated in the data model and evaluated. 3. Development of the material concept …” „… data sheets [1] Designation Unit State PA6T/6I PA6T/66 PA66+ PA6I/6T PA66 PA6 Tensile modulus of …” „… cost-effective way. It was however possible to demonstrate in one production process which could yield a maximum …”

T. Hilgers Thermally conductive plastics: a mineral solution – Thermal management in thermoplastics and thermosets S. 193-204

„… ) Crystallinity (polymer) Particle shape (additive) Process parameters Wall thickness Thermal conductivity …” „… on the increase in thermal conductivity but also on the resin system retaining good process …” „… (IMA-Europe) Feb 2013 Aluminum metal 11 to 16 to CO2 / to product* Global Life Cycle Inventory Data for the …”

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LAND.TECHNIK 2020

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2374 2020

Results in this title

T. Stein Automatic logging and situation-related evaluation of manufacturer independent machine data S. 47-54

„… legal purposes. Data loggers or smart devices are used to record the work process of a farm machine …” „… challenges is the core of the project “BiDa-LAP – innovative usage of big data in agricultural processes …” „… processes are displayed in Fig. 3 in the boxplot for “recorded data”. To analyse these deviations, a …”

J. Osten, C. Weyers, J. Petereit Modular and Scalable Automation for Field Robots – Lighthouse project “Cognitive Agriculture” S. 227-232

„… processes by developing a living digital ecosystem called Agriculture Data Space. A short introduction to …” „… empowered to control their own shared data in the process by introducing usage control options. One aim is …” „… , standardization is not yet very common. Therefore, one of the main challenges in the automation process of field …”

H. Bernhardt, M. Bozkurt, E. Colangelo, J. HorstmannM. Kraft, J. Marquering, T. Steckel, H. Tapken, C. Westerkamp, C. Weltzien Industry 4.0 and Agriculture 4.0 – The same or different? S. 167-174

„… steering system. Only databases with lanes are built up, which can be used for subsequent processes …” „… components. [4] This also improves the possibility of simulating processes, right up to the digital twin of …” „… the process. However, the networking and service- VDI-Berichte Nr. 2374, 2020168 oriented …”

M. Hengst, T. Herlitzius, S. Pantke, P. Zirker Tool management, controlling and condition detection for highly automated/autonomous soil cultivation S. 73-82

„… work process, for example the condition of the tools, this data can be written to the tool module. A …” „… autonomous machines for agricultural processes mainly with crop care objectives have been published [1,2 …” „… entire process requires perception and control 1 …”

F. Uptmoor, B. Niemöller Automation methods in computational frame development – Standards in FEA modelling and evaluation allow a high degree of automation in virtual strength verification processes S. 309-314

„… pre-processor. If specific data from the material database can be accessed, for example via simple csv-files …” „… allow a high degree of automation in virtual strength verification processes F. Uptmoor, M.Eng, Dr …” „… the operating loads are manifold. Furthermore, measurement data collection is time-consuming, costly …”

S. Steinhaus, L. Frerichs A novel approach to determine the soil aggregate size distribution from high-resolution 3D point clouds S. 361-368

„… technology), measures to increase the efficiency and reduce the fuel consumption in agricultural process …” „… process steps enables an objective assessment of efficiency-increasing measures. For this reason, a …” „… process steps, but to evaluate the relative changes due to efficiency increasing measures within a given …”

M. Gorius, T. Nothdurft, J. Witte, Saverio Zuccotti AEF Wireless In-Field Communication – Agrarian M2M communication for inter brand cooperative machine applications S. 157-166

„… process and control data between agricultural machines worldwide. Establishing a solution based on …” „… . VDI-Berichte Nr. 2374, 2020158 Process data exchange Working groups of cooperative machines have an …” „… approach for the process data might be required in order to synchronize equipment that is temporarily out …”

H. Wanta, M. Holovac, S. Lorenz, J. Krzywinski Evaluation of Human-Machine Interactions with Autonomous Agricultural Systems through Cyber-physical Prototypes S. 245-266

„… machine processes and operation tasks which require new solutions for human-machine interaction and …” „… operator’s terminal in the agricultural sector [e.g. 1]. As such systems and processes are not fully …” „… of the development process. The Feldschwarm project implements the idea of using a swarm of lighter …”

R. Haas, C. Hoffmann Cyber Threats and Cyber Risks in Smart Farming S. 37-46

„… system (AMS). These systems automate the milking process in such a way that only minimal interference by …” „… , and fewer downtimes. Furthermore, it provides more freedom as many processes can be controlled and …” „… and sensitive data 5. The stolen data is sent to the remote attacker VDI-Berichte Nr. 2374, 202038 Multiple …”

L. Trösken, L. Frerichs Process model for an economic evaluation of cultivation methods on agricultural farms S. 435-444

„… conditions of different model farms. The results are available for the process model in form of datasets in …” „… Process model for an economic evaluation of cultivation methods on agricultural farms M. Sc …” „… Machines and Commercial Vehicles, Braunschweig Abstract Starting from an agent-based process model …”

M. Schikora, J. Wildt, M. Zies, T. Schaare, V. Hadamschek, M. Bender Automatic weed spectrum and weed pressure assessment with RGB imagery S. 287-294

„… various sources are stored together with their meta data in a data lake. During the annotation process …” „… learning, augmented reality and an annotated imagery data base from more than 2 million users collected …” „… tractors and sprayers. The data collection was performed for the last 5 years and has a global scope with …”

A. Lindenberger, C. Korn Parameter identification for Discrete-Element-Method (DEM) particles of a self-propelled forage harvester (SPFH) chopping sample S. 135-142

„… Crop-flow processes in forage harvesters are influenced by a variety of parameters where machine settings …” „… are actively used to control process results and compensate disturbances. Thus, there is potential …” „… for optimization by adjusting process parameters to accomplish the desired chopping results. However …”

C. Hoffmann, M. Müller, R. Haas Cyber Security Management Systems for Agricultural Technology Products – A CSMS “light” S. 445-450

„… surrounding ecosystem. Several data breaches and cyber-attacks have been reported and many white hacks …” „… its own data bus standard (4). The connectivity and complexity of these systems opens potential …” „… practices together with lightweight cyber management processes could be useful for product development in …”

R. Schmetz Energy analyses of different advanced drive systems for agricultural machinery S. 315-322

„… of data in the form of the Probas database determined (mainly) by the German Federal Environment …” „… energy-intensive machines and processes. Early methodological approaches including a considerable (but now partly …” „… . Furthermore, extensions followed to derive ecologically important data and to take their effects into account …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XIV

„… Nationalbibliographie (German National Bibliography); detailed bibliographic data is available via Internet at …” „… GmbH & Co. KG f Data Management Farmers’ expectations in Precision Farming Technologies – Transfarm …” „… independent machine data …”

F. Mörth, J. Pfeil Legal Risks and Chances of Automation in Agriculture – Is EU regulation stifling or promoting innovation? S. 93-102

„… complete semantic processing pipeline for data-driven automation in agriculture [3]. The seamless …” „… . Introduction New automation technologies, driven by data and incorporating emerging techniques – such as …” „… , corresponding processes will only be efficient and investments will only be protected, if legal risks are …”

S. Jordan, D. O’Rourke, L. Avery, J. Almond 3D Colour vision for machine automation and safety – AI Sensor Fusion S. 345-352

„… integrity depth data for path planning, autonomy and safety can be produced by fusing conventional RGB and …” „… low resolution lidar data. This is achieved with a neural network which is trained on simulated …” „… resolution than the lidar input data. It is also able to fill in areas where no lidar beams have landed …”

N. Fischer Data insight and expert knowledge combined to maximize uptime S. 55-60

„… Data insight and expert knowledge combined to maximize uptime Combining telemetry, warranty …” „… and diagnostics data on machine status allows for new concepts for early failure detection and …” „… of Ownership and warranty expenditure. In addition, the data insights gained on machine usage in the …”

T. Bund, S. Kuebler, C. Struve, B. Honermeier Seed Spacing in Cereals – Using Artificial Intelligence to define a quality value of precision seed placement S. 61-68

„… processes between farmers and contractors. One aim of this project is to investigate methods used to …” „… distribution is digitized as a coordinate system, the process of Voronoi Triangulation can be used to define …” „… and potential yield For data generation, field tests of volumetric seeded and planted winter wheat …”

A. Roth, C. Puls Development of a 3-speed gearbox in electric powertrain – Ground drive transmission for a commercial vehicle S. 23-30

„… possible applications are garbage collection or sweeping. Technical data: maximum permissible weight …” „… cooperation, process and communication in such a way that the specific competences of the three project …” „… processes. In addition to the professional competencies, this is the success factor for a short and …”

N. Niebrügge, M. Terhaag, M. Ensink Full digital video solution as a forward-looking technology for High Speed ISOBUS S. 295-302

„… work steps in parallel in order to make the work process more efficient. As a side effect these …” „… cameras are used as standard today to monitor their work processes. ISOBUS terminals or dedicated video …” „… work processes at once. Though there are static analogue monitor solutions at the cost of a complex …”

S. Raikwar, T. Herlitzius, J. Fehrmann Autonomous Navigation Strategy for an Orchard Robot Using Simulation Design S. 425-434

„… platform. This navigational unit includes motion planning, obstacle avoidance and data transmission module …” „… process [2]. The design of mobile robots operating in outdoor environments such as agricultural …” „… and obstacle detection. Hassan et al. [6] designed a robot to automate the seed sowing process that …”

S. Tanner Experience gained in developing Autonomous Robots using AI and spot spraying to weed open field crops S. 213-222

„… Networks) or DL (Deep-learning). The training process is mostly based on data. A large amount of images is …” „… required to efficiently train such data-based classifiers, but they usually outperform model-based ones …” „… classifier has been trained and tuned, thus at an advanced stage of the process. It is therefore better to …”

A. Bogatyryov Fast Prototyping of Autonomous Vehicles S. 223-226

„… Netherlands 1. About My name is Alexey Bogatryyov, I'm a Mathematical Engineer and Data Scientist. I have …” „… : radio and internet for interrupting autonomous processes for emergency reasons. During the project we …” „… work on a unified solution. We specifically selected open-source libraries for simplifying the process …”

D. Wildner, T. Herlitzius, T. Berg Concept development of a traction management system using the example of a pipe laying machine S. 387-394

„… technology was identified as the economical and technical optimal solution. Known trench cutting processes …” „… . Due to the experience gained and the analysis of the obtained data, the requirements for future …” „… laying process the functional demonstrator is currently being developed. A concept was designed based on …”

I. Schröter, M. Keppmann, M. Mergenthaler, J. Stiegemann The application of mobile eye-tracking to improve the usability of touch terminals for farm vehicles: an example S. 233-244

„… eye-tracking glasses. Supplementary data was collected with the aid of the ‘Thinking Aloud’ method and a …” „… processes that work well and also difficulties in handling newly developed operator terminals for …” „… and/or by measuring user performance to obtain quantitative data on effectiveness and efficiency …”

R. Streimelweger, J. Karner, C. Rechberger Farmers’ expectations in Precision Farming Technologies – Transfarm 4.0 online survey 2019 S. 31-36

„… animal-related data to optimize feeding, work processes, husbandry, animal health and animal welfare. While PF …” „… . Precision Livestock Farming (PLF), on the other hand, deals with data processing and analysis of …” „… , if they were better educated in this area. Overall, farmers consider the following five data …”

D. Cook, J. Viramontes ROS2 for Autonomous Agriculture Applications S. 103-130

„… : Similar in concept to ROS1, a topic identifies a data-object between a data writer and a data reader. A …” „… the process of transitioning from what has been mostly concept machines and research projects to real …” „… location on the robot/machine and the data produced by the sensors/actuators to be associated with a …”

A. Kunz Alternative drives for agricultural machines – Legal frame, meaning, concepts, validation, conclusion S. 405-412

„… combustion processes in Europe and Germany will be quantified to capture the importance of alternatively …” „… sources ensure energy production this top ranking. These processes are responsible for the very high …” „… %. Competitive products with partially unknown technical parameters have been made comparable with data from …”

A. Holler, C. Mueller From driver to automated driving – Proposal for a holistic step by step approach S. 413-424

„… expects the consideration of a dedicated safety function throughout the design process. Although the …” „… vehicles with an upgraded Safety Controller of type digsy fusion S-P to cope with the high data rates …” „… machine and related data recorders to store videos synchronized with operational data. Furthermore, a …”

R. Schmetz, R. Hartanto Soil protection and energy savings through efficient energy supply to machines for primary and secondary soil tillage S. 83-92

„… 83 machinery, which was presented in 2016, a scheme of the development and design process with five …” „… computers of the individual machines and implements using a standardised protocol, e.g. data distribution …” „… navigation system. The orchestration of the farming processes is done by the central computer which can be …”

J. Baumgarten Challenges of calibrating grain loss sensors of combine harvesters S. 203-212

„… recommendations derived. 1. Motivation Due to the physical nature of the separation process in separation and …” „… cannot be calculated in advance. Field tests are therefore required to determine the statistical data …”

D. Brinkmann, L. Kortenjann, M. Niermann Topology-optimized body structures and possibilities of realization using the example of a combine – feeder house S. 303-308

„… has developed new production processes capabilities such as hydraulic deep drawing and refined …” „… processes offer a high degree of flexibility in terms of tooling and enable rapid prototyping due to the …” „… combine feeder house The basic process of developing structures based on topology optimization is shown …”

B. Klöpper New INFO feature under AEF development – Is the potential for a new and independent ISOBUS Functionality given? S. 175-186

„… test laboratories involved in the conformity process since the end of 2019 with the release of the …” „… systems can be controlled by the various process participants in the future in the field. To the process …” „… service information to the respective user as early as possible in the process, to save this if necessary …”

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Automation 2021

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2392 2021

Results in this title

S. Merkelbach, L. Urbas, J. Gatter, R. Tan, M. Gärtler, R. Gedda, F. D. Bähner Automatic Detection of Start and End Times of Batch Phases for the Process Industry S. 477-490

„… Performance Indicators), data-driven models, but also parameters of mechanistic models. The process industry …” „… " data from the real process, we demonstrate the robustness of the algorithms against typical artefacts …” „… data which are relevant for basic and advanced process analytics can be limited. Measurements of levels …”

A. Karaagac, J. O. Schmitt, D. O. Schulz Bridging the Gap in Digital Systems using Automated Model Transformation Concepts S. 169-182

„… data models, thus the application development processes rely on the manual integration of different …” „… information resources with varying technologies and data models. As this process requires hours of …” „… , CRISP-DM [5], which stands for Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining, envisions the efforts for …”

S. Janzen, N. Öksüz, J. Sporkmann, M. Schlappa, J. Gerhard, L. Ortjohann, P. A. Becker Smart Resilience Services for Industrial Production S. 621-636

„… , the objective of the SPAICER project is the development of a data-driven ecosystem based on lifelong …” „… , we refer to SRS as an adaptive IT application for a more proactive, data-driven approach to …” „… , aggregation, and preparation of sensor data/raw data for use in SRS) Annotator (semi-automatic …”

C. Sonntag, D. Wolff, D. Bleidorn, E. Balling, F. Marx Maximizing Efficiency and Transparency in Batch Processing with Simulation-driven Predictive Decision Support S. 249-260

„… available for the widely established industrial data platform Osisoft PI, for SQL databases (which enables …” „… enable the staff to create production, personnel, and in-process maintenance plans that are efficient …” „… (similar to a flight departure board at an airport). • Integrated preventive in-process maintenance can be …”

V. Gowtham, A. Willner, W. Pilar von Pilchau, J. Hähner, M. Riedl, N.-S. Koutrakis, J. Polte, E. Uhlmann, J. Tayub, V. Frey A Reference Architecture enabling Sensor Networks based on homogeneous AASs S. 5-16

„… received data is persisted utilizing a database on the cloud level for future use. 6. Conclusion and …” „… , S. Kodagoda and N. Ulapane, “Data-driven machine learning approach for predicting volumetric …” „… Komponenten. 1. Motivation - Sensor networks in today’s manufacturing and process industry The goal of …”

D. Göllner, T. Klausmann, M. Kiele-Dunsche, H. Stichweh Creation and Usage of Digital Twins in the Life Cycle of an Automation Solution S. 75-86

„… provided by controllers or inverters. The DTs contain process data for machine monitoring as well as the …” „… process data in later life cycle phases. To provide the necessary information in the AAS format, it needs …” „… . Deriving the initial DT-data for industrial components from existing databases is the first presented use …”

D. Díez Álvarez, U. Berger AIQIIA: General AI Quality Inspector for Industrial Applications S. 491-504

„… between images of the same class in open source datasets (see Fig. 3). Fig. 3: Data variability in …” „… difference between them and the data variability is lower in the industrial dataset. VDI-Berichte Nr …” „… . 2392, 2021496 To introduce data variability in the open source datasets with low divergence …”

R. Kremser, N. Grabowski, D. Tutsch, R. Düssel, A. Mulder Comparison of different spike detection methods in Hall-Héroult cells S. 763-XVIII

„… paper deals with data of pots where no ACM is implemented, thus it is based on classic process data …” „… interaction with classic process data. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2392, 2021 775 Funding This research was funded by …” „… whole dataset is usually splitted into at least training and test data. In this paper a 77/23 splitting …”

S. Grüner, M. Hoernicke, A. Kehl, C. Barth, M. Freund, M. Hoffmeister, T. Klausmann Integration von Module Type Package und Industrie 4.0 Verwaltungsschale S. 421-432

„… demand of modularized production in process industries, several working groups of NAMUR (German user …” „… association of automation technology in process industries) and ZVEI (German association of automation …” „… technology vendors) define a specification of process module interfaces called Module Type Package [1][2 …”

D. Persson, J. Pohl, A. Rieder Increased reliability and safety in Coriolis flowmeter operation by monitoring its physical response to process conditions S. 737-750

„… reduced data set from the in-line cleaning process. The process line is in regular intervals flushed with …” „… occurring cleaning process. When looking at the data in even higher resolution, it could be established …” „… response to process conditions Using the Heartbeat Sensor Integrity (HBSI) parameter to monitor sensor …”

N. Öksüz, S. Bouschery, M. Schlappa, J. Sporkmann, M. Unterberg Towards an Artificial Intelligence based Approach for Manufacturing Resilience S. 649-664

„… changing conditions of a company. It is designed to consider and process a large amount of data from both …” „… which allows us to address the shortfalls of existing concepts and pursue a holistic, data-driven …” „… and take a more proactive approach to resilience management. Such a new data-driven approach will …”

N. Schoch, J. Schlake, S. Grüner, J. Heuschkel Orchestration of Co-Simulations with FMU Integration as a Service S. 447-460

„… , exchangeable, e.g. by means of an according meta-data-container or mapping process or a direct link to the …” „… handling of simulation results and output data. Ultimately, the prototype allows to abstract the use of …” „… allow the efficient exchange and further processing of simulation data. For the prototyping …”

M. Runde, C. Barth, G. Wartmann, M. Brcic NAMUR Open Architecture – Security for NOA S. 353-364

„… Prozessautomatisierung adaptiert werden. Abstract The aim of NAMUR Open Architecture is to promote the data openness of …” „… process automation systems, without any disadvantages in terms of security. To meet this demand, measures …” „… on recognized standards of security that are adapted for process automation. 1. NAMUR Open …”

T. Zeun, A. Frotzscher, A. Nicklas, E. Schmitt, D. Schulze-Zipper, H. Zipper Selbstorganisation und Co-Management verteilter Automatisierungssysteme mit dem Kommunikationssystem S. 751-762

„… . Collaborative robots are used in assembly processes. In all cases, complex process tasks are executed by …” „… engineering of robots have been shown. Ontologies are used to describe the data such as tasks, grippers and 3 …” „… for data exchange and device representation, ontologies to describe skills and capabilities as well as …”

M. Thies, T. Miny, T. Kleinert Ein Konzept für Produkt-Verwaltungsschalen zur Produktbezogenen Integration von Produktionsdaten für die Qualitätsoptimierung S. 405-420

„… , the integration of process data based on the produced product units is required. In this paper, a …” „… product-related integration of production data for quality optimization purposes M. Thies M.Sc., T. Miny M.Sc …” „… Verwaltungsschale modelliert. Abstract For the optimization of production processes across several process steps …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XVI

„… publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliographie (German National Bibliography); detailed bibliographic data …” „… Process Automation Standard (OPAS) und der VDI/VDE/NAMUR 2658 …” „… Detection of Start and End Times of Batch Phases for the Process Industry . . . . . 477 S. Merkelbach …”

M. Blumenstein, A. Fay, A. Stutz, M. Maurmaier, M. Barth Vergleich und Zusammenführung des Open Process Automation Standard (OPAS) und der VDI/VDE/NAMUR 2658 S. 261-274

„… engineering of modular systems in the process industry - Library for data objects …” „… Vergleich und Zusammenführung des Open Process Automation Standard (OPAS) und der VDI/VDE/NAMUR …” „… 2658 Comparison and Alignment of the Open Process Automation Standard (OPAS) and the …”

N. Maisch, M. Both, J. Müller Interoperable Interaktionen semantisch heterogener Industrie 4.0 Komponenten auf Basis einer Capability Ontologie für die Technische Gebäudeausrüstung S. 691-704

„… ermitteln [1, 3]. Mittels Linked Data werden Verknüpfungen zwischen verschiedenen hersteller- und …” „… Check) [3]. Das Konzept basiert auf dem „Process, Product and Resource“ (PPR)-Modell, nach dem in …” „… Linked Open Data Cloud. https://lod-cloud.net/ [5] 2004. GEFMA 100-2: Facility Management …”

J. Fischer, R. Rosen, F. G. Listl, A. Sohr, J. C. Wehrstedt Assistenzsysteme der nächsten Generation für Produktionssysteme S. 461-476

„… efficient operation of automated production systems in the process and manufacturing industry is an ongoing …” „… semantic data and model integration, an interface to assets such as production equipment or IT / OT …” „… , Maschinendaten, Datenbanken oder Data Warehouses und liegen oftmals in unterschiedlichen Formaten vor. In [17 …”

D. Patel, A. Hoell, T. Schildknecht, E. Eberhardt, V. Seelman, P. Becker, M. Stumpert A look inside functional safety over 5G S. 155-168

„… visualized in the Fig. 5 below. Measurement data can be extracted directly from the Schildknecht Dataeagle …” „… . Dataeagle performs data pre-processing and data reduction to ensure PROFINET cycle time. As shown in Fig …” „… transmission channels. Safety protocols aims at reducing the residual error probability of the data …”

G. Sames Zögerliche Digitalisierung der Geschäftsmodelle – Ergebnisse einer repräsentativen Studie S. 611-620

„… business processes. However, more important are the opportunities of digitization for business models. We …” „… ] https://www.ifm-bonn.org/fileadmin/data/redaktion/ueber_uns/ifm-flyer/IfM-Flyer- 2020.pdf [4] Sauer, R. / Dopfer, M. / Schmeiss, J. / Gassmann, O.: Das Geschäftsmodell: Gral der …”

M. Nick, F. Evola, L. Bondzio, A. Gahr, A. Lemke, S. Schmidt Wie IIoT, Predictive Maintenance und proaktiver Support den Einsatz von Analysatoren und komplexer Sensorik ermöglichen S. 599-610

„… • Visual Support Data ScienceData Lake • Preventative Maintenance • Predictive Maintenance • Failure …” „… https://sightcall.com/ [6] B4B – How Technology and Big Data Are Reinventing the Customer-Supplier Relationship; J.B …” „… . [9] Design and engineering processes in highly adaptive plants with ambient intelligence techniques …”

P. Sehr, N. Moriz Zustandsüberwachung und Klassifizierung manueller Montageprozesse mit selbstadaptiven Modellen S. 557-570

„… promote performance-impaired people in manual assembly processes” In Proceedings of the 17th …” „… system based on an individualized profile data model” In Advances in Ergonomics of Manufacturing …” „… , 2021568 [9] K.E. Moore, A. Güngör & S. M. Gupta (2001). Petri net approach to disassembly process …”

M. Blumenstein, A. Fay, K. Gryczycha, S. Lier, C. Kotsch, F. Borgmann, N. Austermann Designprinzipien für den Modul- und Serviceentwurf in modularen Logistikanlagen S. 101-116

„… and Future Production Processes), 2021. https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/228867/reporting/de …” „… Prozessindustrie – Herausforderungen und Systematisierungen. In: 10. ProcessNet-Jahrestagung und 34 …” „… . https://www.din.de/resource/blob/110246/2e29c7b22627d9d22e5f9cc7196019a2/logistik-roadmap-data.pdf, abgerufen am: 17.03.2021 [11 …”

D. Braun, M. Weyrich, W. Schlögl Eine Methodik zur Erstellung multi-dimensionaler Modelle des Digitalen Zwillings für automatisierte Produktionssysteme S. 29-42

„… , “Brownfield process for developing of product families,” in Proceedings of the 18th International Conference …” „… Engineering for Cyber-Physical Production Systems: Data Models and Software Solutions for Handling Complex …” „… Cyber-Physical Production Systems: Data Models and Software Solutions for Handling Complex Engineering Projects …”

C. Siegwart, F. Scherhag, K. Pervölz, G. Frey Ontologiebasiertes Security Management S. 365-376

„… currently making a major contribution to the restructuring of business processes. However, the increasing …” „… [11] Studer, R., Benjamins, V. u. Fensel, D.: Knowledge engineering: Principles and methods. Data …” „… (datatype properties). Mit Abschluss dieses Schrittes sind die zentralen Begriffe und Zusammenhänge des …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023921

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ELIV 2021

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2384 2021

Results in this title

M. Wachs, J. Jager, A. Berthold The Crossroads of Automotive Security and GDPR S. 623-640

„… refurbishment process. Affected data: sensitive vehicle information (vehicle location), vehicle functions …” „… also might process personal data in the vehicle, interact with the OEM’s or 3rd party backends such …” „… process. The system engineering process provides the data protection and cybersecurity engineering …”

K. Saad, A. Sligar, R. Kipp, J. Decker, D. Rey, S. M. Canta Ansys Real Time Physics Based Radar Simulation – An Enabler for Machine Learning in the Context of Autonomous Driving S. 83-94

„… generate raw data, the perception stack processes this data and generates a meaningful virtual map of the …” „… training process of ML algorithms highly relies on labeled training data, Ansys’ Real Time Radar (RTR …” „… extremely well on training data. To generalize such machines to new environments, heterogeneous datasets …”

U. Bodenhausen Make AI Testing Meaningful – From Understanding to Mastering of AI Testing S. 151-162

„… an independent set of data (meaning a set of test data that was not used in the training process …” „… based on data that has not been used in the training process to understand what has been learned from …” „… . VDI-Berichte Nr. 2384, 2021 153 Figure 3 shows the process of dividing the available data into TRANING and …”

J. Becker, D. Pangercic A Safety-Certified Vehicle OS to Enable Software-Defined Vehicles S. 435-446

„… modern software development processes and paradigms, a clean and scalable software architecture …” „… standardized middleware instead of a homegrown data communication approach. In addition, with the release of …” „… rewriting the underlying implementation based on the same open APIs. And we developed a process to take …”

E. Metzker, M. Engelsberger Scalable Automotive Intrusion Detection Systems – From the ECU to the Vehicle Operation Centre S. 613-622

„… . 2384, 2021618 The event processing pipeline is used to semantically process the raw data coming …” „… IdsL with data from the vehicle development process and other sources. After this automotive domain …” „… data and to add valuable information to the datasets for downstream analysis. Subsequently, a list of …”

K. Renatus, A. Unger, B. Baker, O. Manicke Machine learning approach towards remote diagnostics and repair of electric vehicle charging processes S. 163-174

„… using data-driven digital twins of vehicles and infrastructure to perform backend simulations. The …” „… explains how data-driven digital twins can be used for backend simulations supported by intelligent …” „… data-driven digital twins for backend simulations Thinking in a big picture, a main advantage of this …”

F. von Bulow, F. Heinrich, T. Meisen A new perspective for manufacturers: Cloud-based utilization of operational fleet data S. 117-130

„… development process of future fleet generations. Furthermore, data-driven models have increasing importance …” „… to integrate operational data of customers into the development process making the products more …” „… development process at the moment. Presently, vehicle manufactures only have limited data of new vehicles …”

S. Apartsin, H. Stein, G. Reiter, K. Williams AI-based Signal Integrity Monitoring for Integrated Vehicle Health Management S. 143-150

„… technology can simplify the data collection and labeling process that is needed to train the AI-based VHM …” „… process the data. The edge runtime supports one or more AI pipelines that provide Health Indictor outputs …” „… vehicle. This greatly simplifies the data collection process and automates the training process, since it …”

T. Fricke, F. Schuck, J. Vogelpoh, J. Ax, R. Stolpe, H. Amelunxen Collaborative Development of a Test Environment for Automated Driving S. 5-16

„… required during the development process. For sensor raw data injection (via the Rendering-PC, [3 …” „… required to handle the complex environment perception and decision making processes and they must be …” „… , physical sensor characteristics and all relevant data bus communication with a higher maturity and …”

A. P. Das, K. Thomas, A. Mohan, A. S. Akhil, K. P. Ganesh A Battery Digital Twin framework for Predictive Maintenance and State of Health Estimation of Electric Vehicles S. 579-592

„… to process the high frequency time series data that coming from the physical system and need to …” „… render the data in real time. It provides the feature called transforms, which helps to process the data …” „… using NASA dataset and data set generated using plant model. Related Works Even though the battery …”

D. Bartlett, S. Sesia, T. Yuan Liu Hybrid collaborative positioning/navigation scheme for performance enhancements and local perception improvement for automated driving S. 47-60

„… coupled with modern development processes that enable an agile software development and deployment …” „… long-drawn out process. The definition of the future vehicle functions takes place years before the chassis …” „… process. Evolution of hardware and software in the Personal Computer industry To look into the future …”

S. Selitrennikoff, M. Ortegon-Cabrera Architecting for Secure, Safe and Agile Software Defined Vehicles – Learnings from the Personal Computer industry S. 395-408

G. Castignani, F. Chandelle, S. Jafarnejad, I. Scherer Evaluation of a driver’s compatibility with electric, plug-in hybrid, and hybrid vehicles based on mobility patterns analytics S. 489-500

„… solutions. Motion-S developed in the past years a platform that can process mobility and trip data from …” „… how to assess electromobility transition by collecting, augmenting, and profiling driving trip data …” „… to create objective scores The underlying idea of creating profiles from location data is not …”

C. Hurasky HERE HD Live Map – more than a sensor for Automated Driving S. 45-46

„… update this information. The vehicles are equipped with state-of-the-art data-collection sensors. These …” „… systems that collect, evaluate and process real-time information from various sources and allow the …” „… vehicle control maneuvers beyond sensor visibility. We see HD maps acting as a geospatial data memory for …”

C. Heer, J. C. Gobel, D. Mollahassani, S. Forte Future Collaboration Ecosystem for Automotive Microelectronic Innovation Processes S. 295-308

„… of data along the roadmap innovation process are also required. In particular, the versioning of the …” „… Future Collaboration Ecosystem for Automotive Microelectronic Innovation Processes Dr.-Ing. C …” „… Abstract Due to the dramatic increasing relevance of automotive electrification, new data driven business …”

M. Gresser, M. Mende, M. D. Rabe, B. Baker, A. Unger Graph-based Vehicle Diagnostics using Machine Learning S. 131-142

„… graph comprises a process graph connected to a fault graph, combined with sensor data. The approach …” „… knowledge from experts and empirical data from the field. By combining present knowledge and data more …” „… . Machine learning on graphs is one way to achieve this by learning from experimental fault data located in …”

F. Rundo Perceptive Advanced Car-driver Drowsiness Monitoring Neuro-Embedded System S. 317-330

„… , 2021322 configured for 2D imaging is able to process visual data leveraging features from the filtering …” „… 10-15 secs of data buffering. The so collected dataset of hyper-filtered pattern-signals will be …” „… driver’s attention status in a range of 10-15 secs PPG data buffering. The proposed method has been …”

M. Schleicher Paving the way for the „Software Defined Vehicle“ S. 273-284

„… business models, software-hardware separation, shorter development cycles, data-driven development as well …” „… development, test, and integration cycles Data-driven development Virtual development To support these …” „… often processes that communicate over a network to fulfil a goal using technology-agnostic protocols …”

T. Fuchs, O. Manicke, M. Zinser, B. Baker Automotive digital twin: An approach for isolating and virtual validating of software updates in end-to-end architectures based on customer vehicles S. 223-236

„… information about its configuration and component wear to a vehicle-related database. Other data about e. g …” „… configurations representing the subgraphs. This permits behavioral- or data-based weighting of the nodes and …” „… process. Software over-the-air (SOTA) updates allow optimization and change of software within functions …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XIV

„… ); detailed bibliographic data is available via Internet at www.dnb.de. Forword …” „… ? 95 M. Rath, N. KN, A. K. Laxminarayana, R. Tandon, KPIT Technologies Content f Data Analytics …” „… : Cloud-based utilization of operational fleet data 117 F. von Bülow, F. Heinrich, Volkswagen AG …”

A. Matarage User Experience – The key to successfully combining electric mobility and connectivity S. 355-366

„… the smartphone app, going through a (video-) identification process or even buying data volume via a …” „… , banking/payment processes or online shopping have fundamentally changed and shaped customer expectations …” „… integrated into the development process for electric and connected vehicles, to create a great and exciting …”

O. Kath Model-Based Systems Engineering accelerated S. 205-214

„… semantics (static and dynamic). A shared system information data base, supporting collaboration of large …” „… cycle. Fig. 2: MBSE is a means to front-load the product development process MBSE Today We do use …” „… product development process, we apply safety analysis methods to drive design decisions that lead to …”

A. Hohm, B. Hartmann, S. Khodaverdian, D. Bosch, B. Lattke, P. Keck The Evolution of Automation in Parking – Assisted, Automated, Autonomous S. 61-74

„… The parking process is one of the most common situations that motorists are confronted with. For this …” „… perspectives on Continental's series products and research initiatives. Motivation If the process of …” „… parking process are summing up to significant dimensions and there is also a huge benefit by supporting …”

J. Langkau, S. Wenz, T. V. Fernandez, L. Pullen, A. Tekavčič, N. Jezeršek, A. Wagner Electric Charge Lid – System components for future charge lid systems S. 475-488

„… to start the charging process and carry out the charging procedure fully automatic. The automatic …” „… charging process (charge lid system) VDI-Berichte Nr. 2384, 2021476 electronic Lid Actuator (eLA) The …” „… electronics and can thus start the actuator to operate the electrical opening process of the charge lid …”

S. Alexander, F. Borrelli, M. Pfeifle Real-time Contextual Intelligence Services for Connected Electrified Vehicles S. 509-522

„… , sensors and underlying vehicular systems; (2) data-driven models of driver’s and passengers’ behavior …” „… , such as preferred AC settings and driving style; (3) data-driven clustering of data and models on to …” „… . Pages 2245-2250. 2019. [9] Y. Choi, J. Guanetti, S. Moura, F. Borrelli. “Data-driven energy …”

S. Kraus Automotive Software Development – Is it Different? S. 187-196

„… databases, centralized data processing systems for administrations or banks. And much more. So, what is the …” „… software development processes are proven in practice and successfully used over years. But we should also …” „… the underlying processes. A car is not a smartphone. The automotive industry has its own challenges …”

Z. Hermon Active Acoustics Innovations Supported by Tuning & Prediction Tools S. 331-338

„… have grown to trust the data-driven tech-absorbed world in which we live as man's connection with …” „… in vehicle development. Instead of a tedious trial and error optimization process, a CAD tool can …” „… enhance acoustic performance at all stages of the design process. Introduction The evolution and …”

S. Wonneberger, S. Balci Reliable Validation of Highly Automated Driving Functions by Increasing the Virtualization Level of High Performance Computing Platforms and Smart Sensors S. 17-28

„… scaling of test execution we concentrate on typically available data-center or cloud available processor …” „… more into a classic data center architecture bridging into a cloud backend and reducing the …” „… validation of those systems, the amount of scenarios and test-cases requires the usage of data center …”

M. Rath, N. KN, A. K. Laxminarayana, R. Tandon Automated Driving – How cloud infrastructure plays a vital role in future of validation for Automated Driving? S. 95-104

„… scenario database is created. The three data sources of scenarios mentioned below are used as an input to …” „… scenario data are captured, processed, and stored in a structured database in Cloud. The following are key …” „… activities in this framework: o Transforming captured scenarios into a structured database o Data …”

D. Geyer, C. Miedl Safety Architectures for Automotive Cross Domain Servers – Challenges and Potentials S. 447-458

„… safety engineering concepts and processes are described in the next chapter. From Safety Goal to …” „… extension of the QM- VDI-Berichte Nr. 2384, 2021 449 based development process with a safety lifecycle. The …” „… substitute signal is applied. A comparable structure is used to monitor the program/data integrity of …”

M. Ghivari, D. Chakraborty State of Health and State of Charge Estimation method – A Machine Learning based hybrid approach S. 605-612

„… and BEV’s, respectively. The BEV’s process the data in the cloud due to the processing and memory …” „… , data-driven approaches have been favored. They do not require extensive battery parameters like physics-based …” „… techniques like NN, SVM, etc., are also used as a data-driven approach to capture VDI-Berichte Nr. 2384 …”

A. Knoll The Case for an Open Integrating Operating System, Middleware Specification Development Approach S. 257-272

„… which will support the process towards collaborative and open sourced projects. We shall describe the …” „… . The original meaning of middleware was “the enabling of communication and management of data”, but …” „… “individualisation”) at all. Clearly, there are different types of software development processes and people that …”

W. Huhn Adaptive Driving Beam [1] – The next mandatory Safety System? S. 389-394

„… high beam system consisting of a multipurpose camera, several additional sensor data, an image …” „… important aspect is the worldwide legal situation of ADB. The homologation processes according to the ECE …” „… an automotive safety system. The homologation processes according to the ECE R123 and R48 and the …”

B. Hellenthal, C. Grimm, J. Koch, A. Breckel, M. Tichy An Eco-System for the Development of Automotive Innovation Roadmaps S. 285-294

„… reduce risks and to speed up the innovation process. However, any exchange and coordination must …” „… . Details on the processes are described in [3] and [4]. To process the two phases, an eco-system of …” „… formalized statement sections that are tightly entangled, e. g. for entering data in tables or showing …”

I. Trefz Virtual software platform for the car – On the road to the next paradigm shift with VIRTIO standards S. 237-244

„… acceptance in the automotive industry. It makes the development process of software systems more efficient …” „… excessive load on the system's general-purpose compute cores, VIRTIO transfers references to actual data …” „… via virtual queues. For example, to write a large block of data to the physical flash device, the …”

D. Mehlig, M. Muller, J. Treier, A. Loges Long distance e-mobility in the trade-off between battery capacity & charging power – Battery immersion cooling as enabler technology? S. 545-562

„… 2020 [4]. With a linear regression of the data, the average battery cell densities in Wh / kg could be …” „… various e-mobility studies as secondary data and in a second step an own customer survey. VDI-Berichte …” „… . For each charging process, six minutes are considered for starting and stopping the charging process …”

F. A. Schiegg, I. Llatser, H. Tchouankem, T. Frye, F. Wildschutte, F. Hofmann Removing Blind Spots – Infrastructure-assisted Collective Perception S. 29-44

„… communication, such as a data-quality dependent channel resource allocation are described …” „… developing new intelligent data-quality aware resource allocation mechanisms. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2384, 2021 …” „… : https://resources-boschsecurity-cdn.azureedge.net/public/documents/ NBN_7300_Data_sheet_deDE_22455561611.pdf . [Accessed 24 August 2021]. [32] Robert Bosch GmbH …”

M. Minzlaff, M. Rucker, M. Schneider Implementing adequate security for UN R 155 with AUTOSAR – Retrofitting existing architectures S. 641-650

„… data rates, upgrading CAN to CAN-FD). VDI-Berichte Nr. 2384, 2021 643 Develop individual ECUs from …” „… the retrofitting of existing architectures. Since this process does not involve the development of a …” „… substantial difference is that of invehicle intrusion detection, the monitoring of sensitive data (e.g …”

O. Meyer, B. Bohlen Applying Standards for future Vehicle Diagnostic and Vehicle Lifecycle Management S. 409-422

„… monitor in a single vehicle to identify a root cause, long-term data collection to improve quality in …” „… , update, and conFig. HPCs and ECUs, and generally support vehicle maintenance by retrieving data from the …” „… transporting the data from the client to server and back again. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2384, 2021414 The …”

L. Gonzales-Fuentes, M. Harihar, M. Cassol Trajectory tracking using Neural Network for Autonomous Driving Systems S. 75-82

„… denoted that somewhat recreate the neurons, in the sense that they can learn and adapt from training data …” „… curvature block is also used to provide with multiple curvature data which represent the different …” „… , „Using Machine Learning Safely in Automotive Software: An Assessment and Adaption of Software Process …”

M. Kruppa Digital Light for Digital Live S. 339-350

„… highly segmented display. While utilizing existing processes and materials to produce this segmented …” „… cost down process for OLED applications also in A- and B-segmented cars [12]. Next to design driven …” „… : Pedestrians. 2016 Data. Washington, DC, USA, 2018. [7] J. Reschke, M.-T. Auburger, R. Marichalar, and C …”

B. Kleinsteinberg, A. Hohenhovel Towards lead-acid free 12 V power supply for electrified vehicles and highly automated driving functions S. 593-604

„… EIS-Meter (Digatron GmbH). The analysis of the data and fitting was performed regarding the procedure …” „… element (Rpor and Cpor) represents mainly the slower diffusion processes inside the cell. To fulfil the …” „… processes of the cells. This load profile is used to estimate the capability to provide the required safety …”

K. Brand Shifting Left the development of Electric Vehicle Products, from System to Software S. 563-578

„… test prior to hardware availability, as well as efficiency in the development process by reducing …” „… iterated many times during the development process. Much like design verification, bench testing or …” „… development process itself, so clearly, reducing development and testing time with process efficiencies leads …”

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Messunsicherheit praxisgerecht bestimmen – Prüfprozesse in der industriellen Praxis 2023

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2428 2023

Results in this title

S. Cramer, R. H. Schmitt AI-based Predictive Quality Methods: Possibilities and Achievements of the Virtual Measurement Using Real-World Examples S. 329-XVI

„… processes. As a data science project, the lead time to add value to the business and project progress …” „… manufactured components. For a virtual measurement, the process data are correlated with the quality …” „… of quality characteristics solely based on process data, that is, data recorded from machines used on …”

J. Staněk, S. Král, L. Fusková Estimation of Measurement Uncertainty Through – Comparative Measurements with Variable Measured Object S. 295-310

„… the available data to simulate numerous datasets. By repeatedly sampling with replacement, we create …” „… objects. Motivated by a metal sheet cutting process with in-line laser measurements, the research explores …” „… for two devices involved in the measurement process. The reference device adds a known error to …”

M. Ohlrogge Chancen und Möglichkeiten von KI im Bereich der Messdatenanalyse S. 319-328

„… production, networked sensors and collected data can also help to make production processes more effective …” „… years and promises a sustainable change in the industrial process [1]. ChatGPT is just one example that …” „… acquired measurement data are enormous, including in the area of industrial calibration services …”

S. Schönhals, S. Hackel, B. Gloger Maschinenlesbare Digitale Kalibrierscheine (DCC) als Enabler automatisierter Prozesse S. 161-172

„… enablers in the introduction and optimisation of automated processes in Industry 4.0 applications. They …” „… increasing the efficiency of automated processes and avoiding errors due to media discontinuities. In …” „… particular, the legally compliant transfer of data is possible for everyone in a simple, secure, and …”

A.-L. Knott, M. Huber, U. Karakus, R. H. Schmitt Kalibrierung und Messunsicherheitsbetrachtung eines medizinischen Bohrers mit integrierter Temperatursensorik zur Minimierung des Patientenrisikos bei minimalinvasiven Bohrungen an der lateralen Schäd... S. 237-252

„… : Richtlinie DKD-R 5-1“, 2018. [9] Statistical methods in process management: Capability and Performance: Part …” „… 7: Capability of measurement processes, 22514-7, International Organization for Standardization …” „… , 2012. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2428, 2023250[10] Evaluation of measurement data – Guide to the expression of …”

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Electrics / Electronics for Mobile Machines

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2442 2024

Results in this title

K. Krügel, M. Buller From the Freeway to the Field New Paths to Innovative Mobile Machinery S. 35-40

„… increasing the efficiency of work processes. This effective data management starts with data acquisition from …” „… process. The challenge is to extract the relevant data from the lake of redundant data. This can be a time …” „… - and cost-intensive process without the right tool. Manual processing of this data is not only costly …”

N. Keuth, G. Schagerl, C. Mayr AI Based Battery Health Monitoring from Concept to In-Use for Better BEV Performance Accelerate engineering decision with data driven insights S. 53-66

„… Digitizing the development process and using data-driven methods are the keys to improving development …” „… data analysis methods that evaluate and process data throughout the development process. This article …” „… outlines how combining data from the development process with field data and artificial intelligence can …”

S. Tandel GenAI in the Off-Highway Industry: An Analysis S. 27-34

„… extensive data from design, manufacturing, and operational processes. • Model Training: Use this data to …” „… fostering data-driven innovation, and collaborative development. The focus is also on the growing …” „… testing to validate GenAI-generated designs and solutions. Philosophy: • Data-Driven Innovation …”

A. Griesing, J. Riebe Data-driven Predictive Maintenance from Sensor Networks in Customer Fleets under Compliance with new Legislation Aspects and Open System Architectures A new approach based on Operating States S. 67-74

„… Data-driven Predictive Maintenance from Sensor Networks in Customer Fleets under Compliance with …” „… paper, new approaches for a data-driven Predictive Maintenance model for highly automated mobile …” „… offer the possibility of data-driven definitions of operating states [1]. By analyzing signal behavior …”

P. Aguirre, S. A. Lang, S. Schätzle Automation Levels for Mobile Working Machines S. 1-14

„… and experience, interprets real-time process data (cognitive measurement), assesses the deviation …” „… desired set points (references) based on their knowledge and experience, interpret real-time process data …” „… ) and work process automation (WPA). DA emphasizes the role of automation in assisting the operator in …”

A. Locatelli, J. Fauster New Electronic Architectures Enabling Software-Defined Mobile Machinery S. 19-26

„… agricultural process chains in future. Sources [1] Rahmadian, Widyartono: Autonomous Robotic in Agriculture …” „… highlights the need for new competencies and processes in the companies responsible for individual …” „… existing processes to satisfy requirements stemming from functional safety standards which often reference …”

C. Marbach 4D radar and premium safe ultrasonic system from Bosch Engineering for off-highway automation S. 119-130

„… allows the data to be converted into usable information within the system, it is also possible to process …” „… solution that fuses the radar data with satellite positioning and also employs machine learning processes …” „… two parts: data collection and data processing. To collect the necessary data, typical radar systems …”

F. Ott Weed Detector Butterfly Mower maps weed with AI/Tensorflow S. 131-136

„… camera mounted on a mower,2. AI-Controller unit for data processing and communication3. High precision …” „… Detector consist of four basic components: 1. RGB camera mounted on a mower, 2. AI-Controller unit for data …” „… mechanical or chemical treatment, making use of RTK-GPS. This process is called selective weeding. This …”

Y. Frisoni Innovative Environment Perception Solutions – Key Steps on the Path to Safe Mobile Machines Automation Environment perception functions using proven ADAS automotive technologies in off-road multi-purp... S. 137-XII

„… : This algorithm process data fusion of the legal “road signs” (traffic lights, traffic signs, road …” „… computing unit process in real-time a Comprehensive Environment Model (CEM) generating key data used by the …” „… to get a first reliable dataset of this processing layer. Depending on the data fusion methodology …”

T. Löw Electrification of mobile construction machines an OEM perspective S. 75-86

„… illustrated by using the telematic data of two different machine types. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2442, 2024 77 …” „… roller, BW100AD-5 and BW120AD-5 To obtain a better basis for the system design, the telematics data of …” „… tandem rollers In total the data of a fleet of 132 machines was analyzed. During the relevant period of …”

K. Krüger, M. Wittler, D. Becker, F. Wiesemann, D. Fischer How to survive in a pure electric world: Are battery-electric mobile machines becoming competitive and profitable? S. 99-108

„… Approach The underlying data originates from a study on the electrification of mobile machinery, which has …” „… grid and have high energy consumption needs due to the scale and intensity of the processes involved …” „… the major process steps and the corresponding machinery typically employed at each stage. This …”

S. Roure Charging Technology for Off-Highway Applications Specific challenges in a harsh environment S. 87-98

„… process. This requires the development of advanced operational strategies that allow for the seamless …” „… limited. This mode allows a more straightforward and flexible charging process, with limitations in terms …” „… optimize the charging process. Understanding which features are best suited to each application is crucial …”

A. Bohl From Co-Pilot to Auto-Pilot – Autonomy in Agriculture S. 15-18

„… cloud-based tooling • Simplified upgrade process Simplified electronic architecture The number of Electronic …” „… interoperability of farm equipment. This technology enables better data collection, real-time monitoring, and …”

A. R. M. Wagner, P. Pickel, A. Locatelli Novel Connectivity Solutions for Edge-Cloud Continuum Applications in Rural Agricultural Machinery Operations S. 41-52

„… tasks that require minimal latency and real-time processing, while more complex and data-intensive tasks …” „… , facilitating the creation of data-driven applications. The services are designed to be platform-agnostic …” „… energy consumption during stubble cultivation, demonstrating the benefits of offloading data-intensive …”

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LAND.TECHNIK 2022

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2395 2022

Results in this title

T. Herlitzius, B. Striller, N. Staemmler, T. Pohl FMIS evaluation and user experience within “Landnetz” S. 501-510

„… automation in the best possible way. Production processes are increasingly linked to digital data, which is …” „… time, these "island solutions" only enabled departments to process and manage data and information …” „… data management is not realistic. It is mainly due to the complexity of farms and production processes …”

C. von Holst, O. Klaar A Study on Improving Cross-Company Co-Operation by Systems Engineering Implementation and Application S. 185-192

„… consideration of cross-domain cooperation by delivering methods, tools, and processes to optimize the product …” „… each other Process correlation according to o Timepoints and content for information exchange o …” „… artifacts to streamline the collaboration processes The result of this project is an excellent …”

S. Rottgermann, S. Haverkamp Fundamental Concept for Highly Automated Implements with Distinct Regard To Process Automation S. 359-364

„… Handling For making a decision in the optimization process, information and data handling are two …” „… Fundamental Concept for Highly Automated Implements with Distinct Regard To Process Automation …” „… machines and related processes has been recognized. This is due on the one hand to an increasing number …”

J. Doerr, R. Kalmar, B. Rauch, S. Stiene Data Spaces in Agriculture – Status Quo and Perspectives S. 511-520

„… building use cases and services based on such data and agricultural processes. Major challenges in such a …” „… processes that work across system boundaries. Data spaces are not only able to support the interconnection …” „… , software, and processes work together. As of today, the whole agricultural data space provides only little …”

J. S. Stansell, J. D. Luck, T. G. Smith, H. Yu, D. R. Rudnick, B. T. Krienke N-Time: An Automated Decision Support System for Sensor-Based Fertigation Management S. 259-264

„… frequency computational processes. Accept inputs and provide outputs in commercially standard data formats …” „… analytics and recommendations algorithm. Data in N-Time database tables consisted of: records for each …” „… . weekly) monitoring and recommendation cycle for which data analysis, recommendation determination, and …”

S. Becker, B. Kazenwadel, M. Geimer Automation and Optimization of Working Speed and Depth in Agricultural Soil Tillage with a Model Predictive Control based on Machine Learning S. 55-64

„… agricultural processes. [4] Li et al. draft force model based on ASAE D497 and measured real-time data to …” „… previously collected training data. Using different methods, for example transfer learning, the network can …” „… process optimization and automation in agricultural tasks increases due to environmental challenges and …”

A. Hecker, B. Striller, N. Franchi Private mobile ad hoc communications and the application in LANDNETZ S. 251-258

„… requirements in terms of data rates, latency, and temporal/spatial availability. In this paper, we explain the …” „… networks, followed by the description of the continuous process flow for a UAV-based real-time nitrogen …” „… agriculture, i.e. for optimizing agricultural processes and products, is the interconnection of different …”

F. Kraatz Farming 4.0 ready telematics unit for basic, non-intelligent agricultural machines S. 413-418

„… relieve the farmer and enable new functions. At the same time, the recorded data is used for automated …” „… documentation and better mapping as well as for coordination of agricultural processes. Implementing this trend …” „… data landscape for Farming 4.0. Introduction A relevant component for Farming 4.0 is the telematics …”

M. Holovač, J. Krzywinski Aspects of sustainability improvement in the design of future agricultural systems S. 203-218

„… process. Complex products such as agricultural machines and systems, determine the broad scope of areas …” „… implementation of new technologies can create a shift in machine process design and architecture. This shift is …” „… supported by the implementation of smart systems collecting and analysing data, which when transferred to …”

C. Scholz, B. Pamornnak, S. Becker, A. Ruckelshausen Practice of autonomous field robotics compared to a tractor-implement-combination for the example of mechanical weed control S. 111-116

„… that avoidably simple processes (generation of GPS data) can lead to considerable problems when …” „… are driving on the recorded track from the seeding process. In the “Agro-Nordwest” experimental field …” „… approaches as long-term autonomy, the quality of processes, legal and economic aspects (such as functional …”

S. Schwich, J. Schattenberg, L. Frerichs, M. Gallmeier Adaptive control of a self-propelled sugar beet harvester S. 447-456

„… , process models and control algorithm M. Sc. Steffen Schwich, Dr.-Ing. Jan Schattenberg, Prof. Dr …” „… interactions to machine learning-based process models and the combination of the findings into a control …” „… several process steps (topping, scalping, lifting, cleaning and loading) in one pass. Every process step …”

S. Lorenz Machine operation task analysis – A deeper look into the shift of task profiles within operating agricultural cyber-physical production systems S. 473-484

„… highly automated agricultural systems. Changes in machine technology, operation processes and task …” „… , cloud-based routing software, process simulation and AI-based adaptive control algorithms (Liakos et al …” „… ., 2018). With this high level of automation, the system is capable of sensing, analyzing data …”

E. Eder, P. Riegler-Nurscher, J. Prankl Estimation of grassland yield from satellite data with ANN based transfer learning S. 293-300

„… Estimation of grassland yield from satellite data with ANN based transfer learning B.Sc. Elias …” „… the biggest challenges with satellite data processing in the VIS and NIR range are atmospheric …” „… disturbances, like clouds. State-of-the-art methods usually use traditional approaches to interpolate data and …”

L. Petrich, V. Schmidt, A. Stoll Tractor-mounted implement with section control and small-scale robot: Monte Carlo-based scenario analysis for effective weed control in extensive grassland S. 285-292

„… Poisson point processes used for the simulated ground truth datasets CAL, HOM, CEN and SIN. In addition …” „… a solution. Recently, we proposed such a weed control process for the example of the poisonous plant …” „… Colchicum autumnale. Based on image data acquired on the site and their analysis, application maps can be …”

J. Guo, L. Frerichs, F. Shen, S. Munstermann Analysis of abrasive wear of tillage tools on both macro- and microscopic level S. 309-316

„… geometry and material of soil tillage tools are constantly optimized. To make this process more …” „… . Methodical approach The research process is divided into three phases: measurement on tillage tines and DEM …” „… profiles by applications with different process parameters and under different soil conditions. Test bench …”

K. Palm, J. Guo, L. Frerichs, A. Eitzlmayr, F. Maier, P. Seil Calibration of soil models within the Discrete Element Method (DEM) S. 45-54

„… process is set up for the DEM soil model. It is still under development, but already shows good …” „… processes. For simulation, soil can be divided into three categories, namely cohesionless, cohesive and …” „… phenomena preferably similar to the desired application case The tests should yield sufficient data for …”

G. Fiocchi Hybrid and full-electric solution for Telescopic Handler S. 147-152

„… electrification process and how it will generate two proposals based on P3 and P4 concept with the opportunity …” „… related performances, advantages and also TCO impacts. Electrification process The ePower Systems …” „… process implies five macro-phases along the electrification process conceived to minimize designing and …”

F. Keppler, N. Dunkelberg, S. Wagner, K. Janschek Efficient Multi-Robot Path Planning for Autonomous Weed Control on Complex Field Configurations S. 79-86

„… removal along crop rows of complexshaped fields using electric field robots is proposed. The input data of …” „… successfully validated with sample data and prospectively tested in practice within the Fraunhofer lighthouse …” „… transformative process towards more sustainable and efficient agriculture. A key factor for increasing …”

M. Abdipourchenarestansofla, C. Schroth The importance of data quality assessment for machinery data in the field of agriculture S. 495-500

„… must be provided in a machine-readable format (e.g., JSON) to process the data in an automated fashion …” „… The importance of data quality assessment for machinery data in the field of agriculture …” „… farming 4.0, more and more smart sensors are being used and telematics brought lots of machinery data …”

B. Adams Validation Principles of Agricultural Machine Multibody Dynamics Models S. 219-226

„… datasets. Furthermore, to summarize simulation model performance against physical data, applied under a …” „… datasets. These tests can only be applied however if the data measurements are normally distributed. As …” „… error quantification processes. At a high-level, the main methodology concepts for the experimental …”

M. Rothmund, J. Witte, N. Wolniak, T. Nothdurft AEF Wireless In-Field Communication – Common Coverage Map as a first application for interoperable cooperative field work S. 397-404

„… machines from different brands to exchange coverage data directly, continuously, and in real time. This …” „… data integrity. Challenges were found and addressed to enable continuous data exchange and to ensure …” „… also outline how task controller data was handled in detail as well as how communication based on …”

C. Krause, N. Iqbal, J. Hertzberg, M. Hollmann, J. Martinez, D. Nieberg, A. Ruckelshausen, S. Stiene, S. Rottgermann, M. Muter, A. Berghaus, J. Herbers, S. Menke Concept of a Test Environment for the Automated Evaluation of Algorithms for Robust and Reliable Environment Perception S. 177-184

„… data [4]. These algorithms are benchmarked with public datasets like [5] and [6]. These datasets …” „… Bernard Krone GmbH, Spelle Abstract In agriculture processes harsh and uncertain surroundings …” „… machine-learning pipeline was added. To automatically find ground truth and label the sensor data with as little …”

Y. Ehlert A Modular Approach for a Dialog Based Assistance System to Adjust and Optimize Machines and Machine Combinations for Different Agricultural Applications S. 273-278

„… operators struggle to recall which settings need to be adjusted for different work processes with different …” „… , which does not only take into account technical instructions, but also process and agronomical …” „… through all relevant settings and combines technical instructions with process and agronomical knowledge …”

V. Zippel, A. Olliver, S. Stesny, H. J. Nissen, F. Ahlers AEF – Agricultural Interoperability Network S. 419-422

„… to actively establish a data eco-system by developing an interoperability network for data platforms …” „… almost everybody is in the need to handle data. Either creating it by themselves or using data from …” „… retailers. Not only is agricultural equipment one of the major generators of this data but these machines …”

J. P. Fulton, R. Colley III, S. A. Shearer, E. M. Hawkins Generating High-Definition As-Applied Maps for Pneumatic Fertilizer Application Equipment S. 265-272

„… application process. Additional data inputs of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver coordinates …” „… that allow for data collection at a fine scale VDI-Berichte Nr. 2395, 2022 265 [7]. Usage of smart …” „… devices, farm management software, and analysis tools for agricultural data have enabled the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XVI

„… ); detailed bibliographic data is available via Internet at www.dnb.de. f Electrical Agricultural Machines …” „… and Process Optimisation Synchronising machine adjustments of combine harvesters for higher fleet …” „… grassland yield from satellite data with ANN based transfer learning � � � � � � � 293 E. Eder, P …”

F. Martin, G. Lohrmann, A. Stoll Selective weed control in grassland using high-pressure water jets S. 105-110

„… 89 % on a test dataset. An application map was created from these images in an automated process in …” „… . Process of development This article discusses the development process of a non-chemical crop protection …” „… concept. Based on previously analyzed image data, a device can treat individual weeds by applying a …”

A. Paturle, F. Pinet, A. Duparque, D. Martin, V. Tomis, O. Scheurer, C. Ugarte, M. Lefebvre A tyre integrated sensor to monitor real time soil physical properties S. 327-334

„… and properties are involved in the process of compaction at wheeling; they depend on soil structure …” „… potential correlations between tyre sensor data and soil data, as well as their robustness and precision …” „… , and Limagrain. Materials and methods Tyre data The tyre deformation in soft soils has been …”

M. Abdipourchenarestansofla, H. P. Piepho Yield observation outlier detection with unsupervised machine learning in harvest machines S. 343-348

„… . 2395, 2022346 yield harvest monitoring dataset is then taken into the cleaning process. The results …” „… processing operations to be applied on the data. The first data cleaning operation is done by setting …” „… outliers. The developed method is tested on real yield monitoring data from winter wheat and wintery …”

A. Leenknegt, T. Mahieu, G. Nerinckx, B. Lenaerts, B. Missotten Automatic residue spreading control based on radar sensing technology on a combine harvester S. 87-96

„… , the residue spreading process on combine harvesters brings several major technical challenges. In the …” „… that comes with residue spreading process is preventing classical vision or other optical alternatives …” „… , however is posing some challenges to interpret the data. Table 1: Comparison of four major …”

A. Schroder, P. Pickel, P. Emberger, J. Spiegel, E. Remmele The Multifuel Tractor – A Flexible Fuel Option to Reduce Fossil Fuel Consumption S. 441-446

„… parameters via the CAN bus and processes them. The results from field tests for pure diesel and pure …” „… terms of their functionality and to collect reference data for a later use on the tractor. A QLT Sensor …” „… following figure (figure 3): VDI-Berichte Nr. 2395, 2022 443 Fig. 3: Field test data of the VLO-M1 …”

D. Neitemeier, S. Spiekermann, D. Irmer, J. Baumgarten, A. Wilken Automatic adjustment of auger headers with variable table length to improve a continuous crop flow and reduce pickup grain losses of a combine harvester S. 235-242

„… efficient harvest process. The header is one of the most influential components to create a homogeneous …” „… perspective, the focus was on the complex process-related interrelationships, laser-supported environment …” „… measurement data transmission enabled analyzes. Software adjustments could be tested directly in the field …”

M. Mattetti, M. Varani, G. Molari, S. Fiorati Feasibility study of an idling-stop device on agricultural tractors S. 529-534

„… , to record the current flow towards the battery (? ). Data were sampled every 1700 Hz. The NI 9861 …” „… data were analyzed in the same manner reported in other studies of the Authors [4, 5, 6] to discern …” „… restarts counted in the recorded data. Results In Table 1, the average values of the metrics calculated …”

F. de Moraes Boos, S. Pfaffmann, V. Kegel GridCON Swarm – Development of a Grid Connected Fully Autonomous Agricultural Production System S. 17-22

„… a significant role in this process. Limited time windows for realization of tasks, such as …” „… feedback data from the machines (Fig. 3). As a tool for visualization of the synchronization state of the …” „… Environment based User-Interface: Feedback and Reference Tractor model. (b) Live data and Camera footage …”

D. Smart, V. Brill AEF – High Speed ISOBUS – Technology Readiness for a Next Generation Network S. 551-558

„… ), both control and data logging of each row on a planter, or nozzles on a sprayer, will be possible …” „… ISOBUS can update the presentation for a single row. In-Cab viewing of the process, using cameras, has …” „… control or data logging of the GPS position of every seed! Whether we need that level of accuracy or not …”

C. Schoerghuber, M. Ortner, M. Resel, R. Schantl, S. Puster Analysis of the tractor behavior on a powertrain test bed for tractor-specific maneuvers S. 521-528

„… external model inputs. The model is validated with measurement data from appropriate test track maneuvers …” „… Development Process and Utilize the In-Use Phase …” „… ?. https://www.avl.com/-/how-toaccelerate-the-vehicle-development-process-and-better-utilise-the-in-use-phase-. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2395, 2022528 …”

R. R. Shamshiri, C. Weltzien, T. Schutte Multi-Sensor Data Fusion with Fuzzy Knowledge-based Controller for Collision Avoidance of a Mobile Robot S. 349-358

„… Multi-Sensor Data Fusion with Fuzzy Knowledge-based Controller for Collision Avoidance of a Mobile …” „… driving the robot in a real berry field and collecting sensor and steering data. Results from experiments …” „… by incorporating data from real world experiments such as 3D point clouds, high accuracy RTK GPS …”

C. Birkmann, J. Wieckhorst, J. Pieper, C. Ehlert, R. Stirnimann, M. Stettler The Integration of a Scientific Soil Compaction Risk Indicator (TERRANIMO) into a Holistic Tractor and Implement Optimization System (CEMOS) S. 29-36

„… destructive subsoil compaction is not perceptible removed by natural processes and that nutrient leaching and …” „… several data bases depending on automatic selection criteria or manual user selection. In a next step the …” „… combination, the potential soil compaction risk can be calculated. There is no additional user input or data …”

F. Pult, A. Stein, M. Geimer Challenges in the Use of Alternative Fuels: Solutions to handle Boil-Off Gas in Agricultural Machines S. 431-440

„… – https://www.claas.de/blueprint/servlet/blob/2560832/59a08caa5f63934b047b212c5cb4 75dd/443589-23-dataRaw.pdf, Zugriff am 29.11.2021. [15 …” „… Bio-LNG can reduce emissions by up to 77 % [3]. The process chain from production of Bio-LNG to …” „… -160 °C and an input power of 3.3 kW. At the beginning of the cooling process a cooling curve is …”

A. Christ, O. Schmittmann, P. Schulze Lammers Dual use sensor array for crop management in arable farming by CIELab color space – detection of N supply and plant discrimination S. 97-104

„… . The combination of several operation VDI-Berichte Nr. 2395, 2022 97 processes in one sensor unit …” „… implemented field sprayer for the application of herbicides and liquid fertilizer in an online process. We …” „… database of reflection properties (L, a, b, IR) is build up in greenhouse (weed detection) and in field …”

A. Opgenoorth, K. Schmitz Development of hydraulic drive systems in the context of electrified work machines S. 133-146

„… bidirectional power flow. A combustion process is generally not reversible, but in the case of the electric …” „… . https://www.bucherhydraulics.com/datacat/files/Katalog/Fachartikel/Dezentraler%20Lin earantrieb%20HELAX/Fachartikel_dezentraler%20Linearantrieb%20HELAX_100de.pdf. Accessed …”

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Partitioned Solution Strategies for Strongly-Coupled Fluid-Structure Interaction Problems in Maritime Applications

Marcel König

Series: Mechanik/Bruchmechanik

Volume 351 2018

Results in this title

Software Library comana S. 98-157

„… sketched in Figure 5.1. The master process steers the solution process, and it serves to organize the data …” „… those solvers. Following the second data transfer, the master process informs the solver about the …” „… process. In Algorithm 14, the first function called by the solver initializes the driver’s global data …”

Introduction S. 1-4

„… hydrodynamic forces acting on the ship hull and keeps the bow in position. Obviously, this process is …” „… important means to analyze all kinds of physical processes. Due to the ever rising availability of …” „… simulations have developed a great potential to accelerate the product development process by reducing the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XVI

„… Nationalbibliographie (German National Bibliography); detailed bibliographic data is available via Internet at …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 5.2 Generic Data Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 5.2.1 …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 5.3 Communication Data Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 5.4 Mesh …”

Conclusions and Outlook S. 241-251

„… increment. This can be expected to stabilize and accelerate the coupled solution process. Regarding the …” „… ensure the stability of the solution process and to reduce the required number of implicit iterations …” „… the safety of the service personnel during disembarkation or to provide useful data for the …”

Bibliography S. 252-266

„… . [78] K. Iguchi. “Convergence property of Aitken’s Δ2-process and the applicable acceleration process …” „… matrix iterative processes”. In: Journal of the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications 8 (1971 …” „… function for irregularly-spaced data”. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM National Conference. Las Vegas, NV …”

Coupled Problems S. 42-97

„… , for instance, serve to stabilize the solution process and may reduce the number of implicit iterations …” „… process and accelerate convergence, the use of an appropriate convergence acceleration scheme is …” „… data structures is not required for mesh-independent interpolation schemes such as nearest neighbor …”

Advanced Applications S. 218-240

„… partitioned solution approach, this coupled process will be analyzed numerically in the following. It is …” „… berthing operation can still be carried out safely – and to generate a valuable data basis for the …” „… expensive RANS calculation, and the experimental data. 229 7 Advanced Applications Table 7.2: Comparison of …”

Benchmark Problems S. 158-217

„… solution process. In order to compare the convergence acceleration schemes with each other, the average …” „… cavity flow. for the overall computational effort associated to the solution process. In addition to the …” „… = 0.25 and γ = 0.5. In the coupled solution process, we apply an absolute convergence criterion ‖rkj+1‖2 …”

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Systematic and Optimization-Based Synthesis and Design of Chemical Processes

Sebastian Recker

Series: Verfahrenstechnik

Volume 951 2017

Results in this title

Systematic variant generation for catalytic processes S. 55-62

„… existing experimental and literature data. 61 3 Systematic variant generation for catalytic processes 3.6 …” „… 3 Systematic variant generation for catalytic processes In industrial practice heuristics play an …” „… important role for conceptual process design. Wellknown heuristic rules for the design of general chemical …”

Systematic design of a butadiene telomerization process S. 63-94

„… and literature data. In the case of butadiene telomerization, all of the process components are …” „… UNIFAC with parameters taken from the ASPEN R© APV73 database. For the Pd/IMes process, the membrane …” „… 4 Systematic design of a butadiene telomerization process Most chemical products can be obtained …”

Bibliography S. 99-114

„… process systems, Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 16(4), 407–426. Guthrie, K. (1969): Data and …” „… , D. F. (1971): Computer-aided synthesis of chemical process designs. From reaction path data to the …” „… ., Woodley, J. M. and Gani, R. (2015): Sustainable process synthesis–intensification, Computers & Chemical …”

Conclusions and final thoughts S. 95-98

„… 5 Conclusions and final thoughts In industrial practice, conceptual process design is typically …” „… methods for the optimization-based process design by means of superstructure optimization. Marquardt et al …” „… . (2008) proposed a framework for an optimization-based design of hybrid separation processes, which …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XIV

„… 3 Systematic and Optimization-Based Synthesis and Design of Chemical Processes Berichte aus der …” „… Chemical Processes Systematischer und optimierungsbasierter Entwurf chemischer Prozesse Von der Fakultät …” „… Optimization-Based Synthesis and Design of Chemical Processes Dipl .-Ing. Sebastian Recker, Düsseldorf …”

Introduction S. 1-10

„… approaches to conceptual process design deal only with one of these specific subproblems. A recent database …” „… 1 Introduction 1.1 Conceptual design of chemical processes Depleting natural resources, increasing …” „… efficient processes. The conceptual design paves the way for the efficiency of a process and is therefore …”

A unifying framework for conceptual process design S. 11-54

„… 2 A unifying framework for conceptual process design The current interest in the development of …” „… more efficient processes has drawn attention towards the optimization-based design of …” „… reaction-separation processes. The limitations of available design methods can be overcome by an adequate combination …”

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International Conference on Gears 2019

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2355 2019

Results in this title

T. Sturmlinger, A. Comak, A. Albers, S. Gerdhenrichs, R. H. Schmitt Methodical analysis and selection of auto identification systems in the gear box manufacturing S. 1509-1520

„… process development. Two auto-ID systems, Data-Matrix-Code (DMC) and the Track&Trace Fingerprint System …” „… Fraunhofer Institute. 5.2 Usability of the DataMatrix code in the manufacturing process The usability of the …” „… Fraunhofer Institute. 5.2 Usability of the DataMatrix code in the manufacturing process The usability of the …”

J. Brimmers, M. Willecke, C. Lopenhaus, C. Brecher Investigation of the potential of using surrogate models in the gear design process S. 727-740

„… Investigation of the potential of using surrogate models in the gear design process Jens …” „… RWTH Aachen University 1. Abstract The process of gear design usually starts with very few given …” „… investigates on the potential of using surrogate modeling techniques within the gear design process. The …”

K. Holder, C. Salander, S. Rudolph, R. Stetter Automated requirements-driven design synthesis of gearboxes with graph-based design languages using state of the art tools S. 713-726

„… definition in UML and the possible further processing in the different process chains and data formats of …” „… possible. This process is realized and support by an appropriate data model, by a position algorithm for …” „… Applications on real use cases Initial data The design process and its methods introduced in previous section …”

M. Zapf, J. Klose, F. Zanger, V. Schulze Analysis of process forces and surface topography when manufacturing case-hardened gears by double flanked hard skiving S. 1647-1658

„… . 2355, 20191650 Table 1: Workpiece, tool and process data Workpiece data Tool data teeth 23 teeth 3/69 …” „… this test, massive process vibrations occurred during validation. The force data was taken from a …” „… . The acquired data on process forces and surface roughness is a sound base to start from. Dynamic …”

C. Lu, J. Wang, P. Yin Evaluation method of measuring software based on virtual gear measuring center S. 1173-1180

„… data flow diagram is shown in figure 1. Fig 1: Data flow chart of measuring process In the …” „… standard data group. However, the error of measuring software is difficult to identify and evaluate from …” „… the actual measurement results. The standard data group method (software gauge) can only identify …”

F. Rudolph, S. Schumann, B. Schlecht Consideration of solid particles in a gear lapping simulation S. 1675-1686

„… lapping process, quite similar to the methods used by Jiang and Park [2, 3]. For each sufficiently short …” „… simulation or measurement data of an actual gear set. Load data for the considered point in time such as …” „… torque and relative displacements are calculated from the given lapping program. Among other data, the …”

U. Kissling, U. Stolz, A. Turich Combining gear design with manufacturing process decisions S. 1533-1544

„… data itself. What both processes have in common is that the contact line for helical gears runs …” „… Combining gear design with manufacturing process decisions Dr. Ing. U. Kissling, KISSsoft AG …” „… Corporation, München Abstract Gear manufacturing processes are continuously improved, pushed by the …”

J. Hongu, H. Noborio, T. Koide, A. Tamura Proposal of linear mapping model among machining processes for gear tooth surface using graphic analysis S. 1199-1206

„… Proposal of Linear Mapping Model Among Machining Processes for Gear Tooth Surface Using Graphic …” „… processes for gear tooth surface using slices of 2-dimensional spectrum. Focusing on a contour (or a slice …” „… processes. As a result of the graphic analysis using astroid, we obtained one expression of linear map of …”

T. Kleiber DIN Q6 meets DIN Q10 – Need for modern internal gear production S. 415-424

„… parts life cycle e.g. data of the raw material, information of the forging process, heat treatment …” „… machining (honing / power honing / generating grinding). The right process, is a key to success but it is …” „… gears requires a highly sophisticated production process with a well working quality monitoring and …”

M. Keuthen REXS – Standardized gear unit model S. 701-712

„… transmission calculation data between these tools. This leads to many cost- and maintenance-intensive …” „… simple data exchange in transmission development under the name REXS (Reusable Engineering EXchange …” „… interface for the exchange of transmission data. Several OEMs and CAE tool providers are currently …”

J.-A. Meis, F. Teklote, M. Borowski Simulation of the tooth root strength under consideration of material quality, finishing process and size effects S. 161-172

„… blasting processes on the residual stresses are fitted according to the results of the data analysis of …” „… process data, the presented methodology is not applicable. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2355, 2019170 Literature …” „… Simulation of the tooth root strength under consideration of material quality, finishing process …”

M. Lutz, J. Hermes Use of multiple-body simulation during the development process of gear units S. 1077-1086

„… Use of multiple-body simulation during the development process of gear units Markus Lutz …” „… process. Alongside the integration of flexible bodies, these innovations include many further developments …” „… be made available early in the gear unit development process so that various issues can then be …”

B. Azzam, F. Harzendorf, R. Schelenz, G. Jacobs, W. Holweger White etching crack bearing failure: identification of high risk lubricant compounds using artificial neural networks S. 569-582

„… process further explained in section 2.2 on data pre-processing. SeerWorksTM Reliability is an industrial …” „… , 2019572 2. Methods 2.1. Data Description A dataset containing 687 oils was used to perform the data …” „… analyses reported in this paper. From the dataset, the parameters used for the data analyses are the …”

Y. Hawwari, J. Touzet, H. Andre, H. I. Cakar, I. Khelf, L. Alloin Ring gear tooth cracks detected using instantaneous angular speed: wind turbine application S. 1039-1052

„… estimation and correction to varying speed scenario [16]. The first is a data-driven approach based on a …” „… the operator. Then, the resampling process applied on vibration measurement will be explained. In the …” „… 3rd part, the GE correction applied on IAS signals will be detailed. The indicator used to process …”

P. L. Yin, J. H. Wang, C. X. Lu Digital twin of gear measuring center (dtgmc) S. 1521-1532

„… used to construct the geometric error compensation model [9]. At the same time, the error data …” „… and NIST designed standard test data and reference software for least squares fitting evaluation …” „… algorithm of coordinate measurement system[17]. PTB also designed a set of standard test data and conducted …”

M. Fromberger, S. Sendlbeck, M. Rothemund, J. Gotz, M. Otto, K. Stahl Comparing data sources for condition monitoring suitability S. 257-268

„… assemble and evaluate a larger database of both kinds of data. Additionally, evaluating data of the exact …” „… Comparing Data Sources for Condition Monitoring Suitability Dipl.-Ing. M. Fromberger, S …” „… as well as in industrial practice rely on vibration / acceleration data as main measurement value …”

R. Beilicke, L. Bobach, D. Bartel Transient 3D TEHL simulation of spiral bevel gears under mixed friction conditions S. 529-540

„… corresponds to an eight-shaped curve. The shape of the tooth trace depends primarily on the cutting process …” „… selected for the bevel gear teeth. According to ISO 23509, the cutting process of spiral bevel gears can …” „… be classified into face milling and face hobbing processes [2]. Face milling processes usually …”

M. Trubswetter, M. Otto, K. Stahl Evaluation of gear flank surface structure produced by skiving S. 1799-1812

„… symmetric and periodic structures. It is a very productive manufacturing process that can be used for …” „… traces of the tooling from the manufacturing process have an impact on gear noise. The present study …” „… offers a geometrical approach to derive the microstructure of the flank surface from the skiving process …”

B. Schlecht, T. Schulze Improved tooth contact analysis by using virtual gear twins – How helpful is AI for finding best gear design? S. 203-216

„… in with the dataset. For this, the sum of all individual data sets is divided into one group for …” „… are load spectra or transient load data from simulations. Under all these conditions, the tooth flank …” „… the existing calculation model, parametric studies can easily be carried out to cover large data …”

K. Smrczkova Wear resistant plastics – Bespoke plastic compounds for plastic gears S. 1345-1356

„… ) Finally, tool design with the considerations of available machines and process optimization rounds the …” „… development process The choice of polymer material depends on the operating conditions. For example, PA tend …” „… is possible, including the measurement of necessary material data regarding tribology, mechanical …”

A. Carbonelli Transferring knowledge about gear systems to machines in order to improve diagnosis efficiency S. 1065-1076

„… emerge from the data. Then we will present the database used to illustrate the different approaches we …” „… , and on the data on the other hand. We studied a database with different set of gears containing …” „… data-driven approach and algorithms. The Journal of Engineering, 2015(7), 215-222. [3] Wang, D., Tsui, K. L …”

A.-K. Wiemann, M. Stein, K. Kniel Temperature influence on involute gear measurements S. 1557-1566

„… are compared to the results of finite element analysis as well as experimental data. This includes …” „… be regarded as a quality value for the complete measurement process. Small measurement uncertainties …” „… can only be reached when all influences affecting the calibration process are well-understood and …”

J. Klose, F. Zanger, V. Schulze Gear skiving of external gears with internally geared tools S. 1579-1590

„… Technology, Karlsruhe Abstract Gear skiving is a continuously generating machining process used to …” „… the workpiece. The skiving process of internal gears is inversed to convey the enveloping tool motion …” „… take advantage of the beneficial tool engagement of the whirling process for machining of gears. The …”

B. Karpuschewski Detection of surface damages by non-destructive micromagnetic methods S. 1027-1038

„… grinding process can lead to thermo-mechanical damages of the subsurface area, called grinding burn …” „… measurement of the magnetization hysteresis. Processing the measured data gives different values such as the …” „… , a process for rough grinding was defined to achieve four different grades of thermo-mechanical …”

H.-W. Raedt, T. Wurm, A. Busse Lightweight forging initiative III: transmission lightweighting potential based on design and material concepts in a split-axle hybrid vehicle and a heavy-duty truck S. 1777-1786

„… details and vehicle data: passenger car + truck 2. Overview of Lightweighting Potential As part of …” „… Technology (KIT) was commissioned to set up a model of the transmission using a spreadsheet. Data on load …” „… increasingly important to involve all partners of the process chain – from the steelworks and the forging …”

Y. Cai, L. Yao, J. Ding, S. Ouyang, J. Zhang Analysis of dynamic transmission error for nutation drive with double circular arc gears under assembly errors and different loads S. 343-354

„… performance. Hotait et al. [8] provided a comprehensive set of experimental data consisting of both dynamic …” „… non-linear process, the finite element method can comprehensively consider the complex conditions of gear …” „… of two-stage nutation drive In the simulation process, the input speed is set to 1500 rpm, the …”

W. Wagner, S. Schumann, B. Schlecht Co-simulation of the tooth contact of bevel gears within a multibody simulation S. 217-228

„… calculation consists of a pre-process step for the computation of linear compliances and geometric data as …” „… - flank-based local data (alpha, kappa, ...) Input - gear geometry - stage data - cutting settings Obtain …” „… pre-process step In preparation of the simulation, the module performs a pre-processing step. This aims to …”

C. Natali, A. Rezayat, D. Park, P. Jiranek, T. Tamarozzi Analysis of manufacturing variability on the transmission error of an internal gear pair using a multibody framework S. 1099-1110

„… gear contact validation process has been carried out by using data from a gear test rig as shown in …” „… manufacturing and assembly errors, which is inevitable in any manufacturing process. Evaluating the effect of …” „… assembly errors VDI-Berichte Nr. 2355, 20191100 [14] [15] . The validation process involves the simulation …”

B. H. Kien, D. Iba, Y. Ishii, Y. Tsutsui, N. Miura, T. Iizuka, A. Masuda, A. Sone, I. Moriwaki Vibration-based plastic gear crack detection system using a pre-learned convolutional neural network S. 1443-1452

„… computer vision-based data-driven pavement distress detection. Journal of construction and building …” „… learning provides useful tools for processing and analyzing big machinery data. This motivated us to …” „… neural network. In this paper, an automatic data acquisition system for plastic gears firstly are …”

K. Matsuo, Y. Suzuki, I. Moriwaki Simulation of tooth flank profile in the gear honing process S. 1707-1724

„… Simulation of tooth flank profile in the gear honing process Dipl.-Ing. Kouji Matsuo, Hardware …” „… in a series of processes consisting of hobbing, heat treatment and gear honing. In order to reduce …” „… the cost of gear honing, which is the last process in this sequence, the number of dressing gear …”

M. Schrank, C. Kiesewetter-Marko, C. Lopenhaus, A. Epple, T. Bergs, C. Brecher Approach for modeling elasticity in the gear honing process S. 1697-1706

„… involute of the honing ring, Fig. 3 on the right. Fig. 3: Gear Honing and Analogy Process Data 6 …” „… Approach for modeling elasticity in the gear honing process Maximilian Schrank, Caroline …” „… . One possible process for hard finishing is gear honing. In previous investigations, a rigid …”

B. Gierl, D. Drummer spur gears S. 1367-1378

„… running capability and cost efficient manufacturing via the injection molding process. However, there are …” „… crosslinking, can decrease friction and wear. The injection molding process also offers the possibility to …” „… the injection molding process [2]. Higher application requirements however lead to a limiting life …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XXVI

„… VDI-Berichte 2355 VDI-Society for Product and Process Design International Conference on Gears …” „… Nationalbibliographie (German National Bibliography); detailed bibliographic data is available via Internet at …” „… Simulation of the tooth root strength under consideration of material quality, finishing process and size …”

J. Lohmiller, J. Hoffmeister, J. Hermes Conventional high-strength nodular graphite iron as a substitute for austempered ductile iron (ADI) S. 877-892

„… load-carrying capacity can be obtained. Thus, the accurate design process of a cast component may avoid …” „… two-stage heat treatment process consisting of austenitiz- VDI-Berichte Nr. 2355, 2019 877 ing and …” „… process, properties from real thick-walled components were determined. These values can be used directly …”

F. Siglmuller, U. Weinberger, J. Gotz, M. Sedlmair, T. Lohner, K. Stahl Scaling of planetary gear stages according to gear loss similarity S. 115-126

„… data for gear stages with very high power throughput. One possibility is the geometrical scaling of …” „… leads to a change in several relevant properties of the gears. The aim of a scaling process is the …” „… consistent in a similar way. The aim of this paper is to describe and define a process that allows the …”

A. L. Kapelevich, Y. V. Shekhtman Optimization of asymmetric tooth root generated with protuberance hob S. 403-414

„… process. The rest of the finite element nodes are moved along straight lines perpendicular to the fillet …” „… results of the previous iterations in order to reduce stress values. The optimization process stops when …” „… stress reduction 2. Reversed Generation of Tooling (Hob) profile The fabrication process for gears …”

P. H. O. Teixeira, C. Lopenhaus, C. Brecher, T. Bergs Discretization of the contact conditions considering the grain engagement for generating gear grinding S. 1739-1748

„… finishing process mainly used to meet the high requirements for gears in terms of geometry and surface …” „… to the complex contact conditions induced by the process kinematics. The objective of this work is …” „… surface grinding process and last onto an analogy of the continuous generating gear grinding process …”

S. Detzel, Y. S. Krieger, M. F. Traeger, T. C. Lueth Design of gear surface models for 3D-printing of plastic gears S. 1401-1410

„… longer limiting factors. The universal input data for additive manufacturing processes are surface …” „… process is a digital representation of the part. The standard representation for three-dimensional …” „… to at least partially automate the design process. A programmatic approach for this is the …”

C. M. Illenberger, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Flank load carrying capacity of oil-lubricated high performance plastic gears – Analysis of the pitting development in back-to-back tests S. 1379-1390

„… in order to ensure high flank load carrying capacity and to establish reliable strength data for new …” „… calculation methods such as VDI 2736 [11] do not contain any strength data for the flank load carrying …” „… flank in the single contact area. Furthermore, strength data are established which are not available in …”

H.-J. Dennig, S. Monn, A. Vodermayer Thermoplastic high performance composite gears S. 1279-1290

„… their manufacturing method: icotec’s injection molding CFM (Composite flow moulding) process and milled …” „… gears (GP) made of composite plate materials. The wheels produced in the CFM process have very good …” „… insufficient dimensional accuracy from the CFM process. Comparative tests with GP gears were able to confirm …”

D. Marino, H. Binz, M. Bachmann Analytical design method for beveloid gears with a small shaft angle and offset S. 391-402

„… method for designing the main gearing data. A key benefit of beveloid gears is the largely arbitrary …” „… for deriving suitable main gearing data for the available mounting space and the desired axis …” „… position. Most analysis and optimization tools for gearings particularly require these main gearing data as …”

K. Landet, J. Perret-Liaudet, E. Rigaud, J. Y. Guerder, M. Fraces Experimental study of railway gearbox whining noise S. 79-90

„… the meshing process, by using a specific test bench. The test bench consists of a back to back system …” „… by the meshing process. It is usually assumed that the well-known transmission error and the mesh …” „… system Bruel & Kjaer Lan-XI recorder. The sample frequency is limited to 16 kHz to buffer all data …”

P. Barreiro, J. Hoffmeister, J. Hermes, A. Bronner New improvement opportunities through applying topology optimization combined with 3D printing to the construction of gearbox housings S. 1823-1834

„… of gearbox housings is severely restricted by all the currently used machining processes. 3D metal …” „… the housing. Therefore, an iterative design process was needed in order to develop the final support …” „… several conventional manufacturing VDI-Berichte Nr. 2355, 2019 1823 processes such as turning, milling or …”

V. Heuer, D. Bolton Lean heat treatment for distortion control S. 1749-1764

„… the application of a customized case hardening. This case hardening process results in a wear …” „… Carburizing (LPC) – processes. 2. Distortion mechanisms and High Pressure Gas Quenching (HPGQ) The relevant …” „… treat distortion can be significantly reduced. LPC is a case hardening process which is performed in a …”

B. Karpuschewski, T. Lierse, S. Schulze Inline-deep rolling – a new approach to increase tooth root load capacity S. 1787-1798

„… . Compared to shot peening, this finishing process offers the essential advantage of a greater depth effect …” „… miscellaneous manufacturing and assembly processes, which can, for example, produce improved material …” „… variant was developed in which the tool processes a larger area of the tooth flank. Fig. 2 compares the …”

A. Schiller, T. Beckmann, M. Fratz, T. Seyler, A. Bertz Optical gear measurement: holographic system for 100 % inspection S. 1545-1550

„… techniques deliver more data in less time providing more precise and easier to use results. In gear …” „… based on this data. 2. Digital multi-wavelength holography Digital multi-wavelength holography is a …” „… measurement. This makes it possible to capture valid data of a gear from the root circle to the addendum …”

E. Lothman, L. Kamjou, E. Claesson Gear performance beyond current standards – Implementing increased material fatigue performance in gears S. 915-924

„… using material cleanliness as a solution when other processes have already been added and optimized. It …” „… enhance the system further, without altering or adding manufacturing processes. FZG of Technical …” „… , air-melt processes. Open standards for improved macro-cleanliness are already available and there is …”

M. Heider, B. Pinnekamp, A. Beinstingel Planetary gears: modes, noise and modifications application and validation of simulation and experiment S. 57-68

„… early in the development process with the aim to exclude them from the most important operating …” „… ) As the development process progresses, more and more information about the drivetrain is available …” „… : Gear application for testing – main data The original gear design started with the typical selection …”

A. Mihailidis, A. Psarros FEM analysis of the load distribution over the face width of helical gear pairs considering deviations, misalignments and deformations S. 193-202

„… . The process was iterative, and the results were compared with those obtained by finite element …” „… spur gear pair. Its main data are shown in Fig. 1. The second gear pair consists of helical gears (Fig …” „… ] 30 Fig. 1: Gear data of the modelled spur gear Pinion Gear Number of teeth z 13 24 Addendum …”

H. Aurrekoetxea, I. Ruiz de Ocenda Experimental and theoretical study of load mesh factor for different boundary conditions in wind gearbox planetary stages S. 835-844

„… , manufacturing process accuracy is one of the key aspects to control the Mesh Load Factor, and the influence of …” „… in which simulations and experimental data obtained by strain gauge measurements at sun gear roots …” „… . However, due to the nature of the machining process of planet carriers in Gamesa Gearbox, the parts that …”

P. Schneyer Large ring gear milling technology on universal machines – Philosophy of complete machining concept on a universal machine S. 1603-1618

„… conventional single machines. Less clamping and minimal auxiliary process times results in faster, cheaper and …” „… allows to reduce the stock for the grinding process to a minimum. To 2. Universal Gantry Machine …” „… Cutting data for machining a Large Gear Rims Roughing Operation by a form cutter Modul M42, Tool …”

K. Daubach, Manuel Oehler, Bernd Sauer A method to determine local wear of worm gears with highly resolved circumferential backlash curves S. 595-606

„… defines a standardised process to generate a circumferential backlash curve with high spatial resolution …” „… variations of single worm gear teeth and has high potential for automation and process monitoring. 2 …” „… determined using the normalised cross-correlation, which describes the similarity of two data sets with …”

R. Slatter Condition monitoring of gearboxes using magnetoresistive sensors S. 229-244

„… manufacturing and power generation industries. Intelligent sensors also provide data as a basis for “data as a …” „… identified and an eventual machine failure. In the ideal case, a condition monitoring process can already …” „… ). Originally developed for data storage applications, the different MR effects open up new measurement …”

D. V. Kalinin, J. Y. Temis Influence of tooth profile modification on planetary gear sets dynamic S. 777-784

„… the speed of solving process of the analytical model and the accuracy of calculating the mesh …” „… comparing the results of mathematical modeling with the data of an experimental study performed at the …” „… dynamic processes on a real objects. When conducting experimental studies as part of a planetary gearbox …”

M. Uhlig, C. Pastor Simulation tool-chain for plastic gear design S. 1453-1460

„… requirements. Fatigue assessment based on process simulation, structural FE calculation and local stress …” „… time- and cost-intensive testing of samples. With reference to material selection process, the FE …” „… teeth but also for different domains of interest and specialized designs. Material data determined from …”

N. Yildirim, M. Yasar, E. Yildirim, F. Erdogan, B. Karatas Experimental verification of improvements in static and fatigue bending capacity of spur gear tooth via tooth root design optimization S. 959-972

„… effective technique for optimization process with improved fatigue life under the same tooth load. 1 …” „… to minimum through use of standard gear materials and standard gear manufacturing processes, gears …” „… in literature [1-3] for generation type gear manufacturing processes. Experimental verification …”

F. Concli, C. Gorla Dynamic models for planetary gearboxes SHM S. 471-480

„… comparison between the numerical and experimental data for the back-toback test rig, in terms of frequency …” „… . VDI-Berichte Nr. 2355, 2019 475 Figure 3: Comparison between the numerical and the experimental data for …” „… simulation is not catcher: for this reason the process of validation is still ongoing …”

A. Pogačnik, U. Kissling Layout of profile modifications for symmetric and asymmetric plastic gears S. 1461-1472

„… complex manufacturing processes. With the guideline VDI 2736 [3], the strength (both root and flank) of …” „… the plastic gears can be calculated, when the fatigue data is available [4]. But more often, strength …” „… to wear during the running in process. Table 2 shows a comparison of results of VDI 2736 calculation …”

D. Iba, I. Moriwaki, H. Noda, H. Inoue, M. Kim Visualization of phase differences between tooth helix deviations using graph theory S. 1191-1198

„… the inner product between the deviation data of all teeth for acquisition of the phase differences …” „… flanks such as polishing and lapping has been preferred for finishing process of gears. However, the …” „… inner product between the deviation data generates correlation coefficients between all teeth of a gear …”

C. Boehme, D. Vill, P. Tenberge Extension of the application limits for crossed helical gearboxes by new geometries for smaller sliding paths or smaller contact pressures S. 1299-1310

„… straight line on a rolling circle. The calculation process starts with the basic definition of 2 spur …” „… . 2355, 20191300 1.1 Basics of the calculation process First, the centre distance a and the axis …” „… °. Furthermore, a common normal modulus mn and a pressure angle αn must be selected. The basic data of the gears …”

M. R. Mauntz, J. Peuser Deep online oil analysis of dielectric parameters for life time enhancement of industrial gearboxes – Identification of critical operation conditions for reduction of failure rates S. 245-256

„… addressed; the data interpretation has to be redefined to the dominating effect. From this, the very …” „… : Offline / onsite spot measurements versus continuous data acquisition. Fig. 2 shows the compact base …” „… dominating effect: additive consumption, contamination or aging processes. Fig. 4 below illustrates the …”

F. Lubos, Z. Roth Bionic tooth root: fatigue testing and potential on gear units S. 47-56

„… be ignored if this process is chosen. The localization of these points has been described as …” „… the series process in order to ensure comparability of the serial toothing with the test specimens …” „… . The gears are pre-toothed using the hobbing process. The hob cutters used to produce the bionic …”

J. Pellkofer, M. Hein, K. Stahl, T. Reimann, M. Hombauer New calculation method of the micropitting load carrying capacity of bevel and hypoid gears S. 517-528

„… lead to a constantly rising power density. Thus, a major aspect during the design process of a bevel …” „… Schönnenbeck`s [9] results. A possible reason for the results can be scattering in the production process of …” „… investigations 5 different gear geometries with different hypoid offset were examined. The basic geometry data …”

I. Bae, U. Kissling Comparison of strength ratings of plastic gears by VDI 2736 and JIS B 1759 – In vision of building a new international standard S. 1267-1278

„… together with the test setup will surely accelerate the process to obtain reliable data. Table 4 …” „… % for the assessment of the measured data for the allowable stress while JIS assumes that of 1%. JIS …” „… does not provide any data for allowable bending stress while VDI provides for four different materials …”

J. Thomas, C. Gosselin, P. Eng Design and rating by means of loaded TCA of straight bevel differential gears S. 493-504

„… converted into point cloud data files which are used as input for the LTCA calculation program BECAL by FVA …” „… gear set has been RE, the tooth flank topography can be converted into point cloud data files which are …” „… cutting processes. Fig. 1a. shows a Coniflex gear pair with typical blank modifications used in …”

S. Nowoisky, M. Grzeszkowski, C. Guhmann, J. G. Pelham Monitoring concept study for aerospace power gear box drive train S. 269-286

„… Wireless Data Transfer Unit (WDTU) must be introduced [6], [7]. Results of early subscale component test …” „… detect journal bearing mixed friction as well as how to transfer the data from the rotating to the …” „… system design process resulted in the requirement to monitor the gear train to detect possible gear …”

H. Blettery, D. Talbot, A. Kahraman, H. Xu A methodology for measurement of loaded transmission error of hypoid gear pair with misalignments S. 619-634

„… position. These misalignments alter contact patterns along tooth surfaces, in the process changing tooth …” „… experimental data on the effects of misalignments on loaded TE of hypoid gear sets. Such data would also be …” „… to: • position and hold in place a hypoid gear pair in a precisely controlled manner, in the process …”

R. Weidig, H. J. Weimar Powertrain NVH improvement with high-performance polymer gears S. 1421-1430

„… . High-performance polymers, injection moulded in a single step process to a net shape gear have gained growing …” „… single-step thermoplastic injection moulding process offers more design freedom enabling more efficient gear …” „… specific application space and adopt this new technology. The bulk of generated data was not comprehensive …”

R. Ratnagiri, M. Kato, H. Kuchelka Advances in polyacetal materials for gears S. 1357-1366

„… , frequency of loading, and self-heating of the material all play a role in data VDI-Berichte Nr. 2355 …” „… yield a relative comparison of their ability to resist creep deformation. A comparison of fitted data …” „… temperature – a measure of modulus loss with increasing temperature. While the data is a single-state measure …”

B. Mahr, A. Pogacnik, A. Langheinrich Derivation of tooth stiffness of asymmetric gears for loaded tooth contact analysis S. 937-948

„… process (for steel gears) and related costs. 2. Calculation of Tooth Deformation of symmetric Teeth …” „… different. However, the resulting root stress varies only slightly as shown in Table 2. Table 1: Data …” „… for gears with high pressure angles). Table 3: Data of a spur gear with a load close to the root …”

A. D. Rauch, C. Wirth An easy-to-use and fast computational model for the prediction of the influence of manufacturing errors on gear transmission error S. 645-656

„… of any contact line. This process is illustrated in Fig. 3. Neglecting deformation this is per …” „… . Table 1: Gear mesh data for analysis of profile waviness. Length Path of Contact α 15.931 Transverse …” „… mesh data for analysis of sensitivity to misalignment. Length Path of Contact 11.39 Transverse Base …”

T. Kahnenbley, G. Gravel Gear standards for reliable measurement of noise-causing gears – Quick verification of the measurement precision S. 1813-1822

„… caused by various influences and deviations in the manufacturing process [2], [3], [4]. These fine …” „… oscillation of frot = 69 , which results in a 69th ghost order. The gear data is shown in Table 1. Table …” „… 1: Gear data for the gear ripple standard Number of teeth z [-] 37 pitch circle diameter d0 [mm …”

M. Ruzek, F. Ville, P. Velex, Y. Marchesse Windage power loss reductions in high-speed gear pairs S. 91-100

„… . One notices as well that the numerical data compares well with measurements at 100 Hz rotation …” „… impact of WPL process. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2355, 2019 97 (a) (b) Fig. 4: Instantaneous …” „… high-speed gears. Dawson, P H. s.l. : Proc. I. Mech.E.Power and Process Eng, 1984, Vol. 198. 2. Anderson N …”

D. Park, F. Santini, A. Rezayat, T. Tamarozzi, J. Pavel Experimental and numerical investigation of helical gear transmission error under gear misalignments S. 355-366

„… challenging task to acquire meaningful data in measurement due to the poor accessibility of the transmission …” „… grade as high as possible with surface grinding process to minimize the manufacturing error influence …” „… friendly process to build up high-fidelity models of gear transmissions for multibody dynamic simulation …”

F. Andary, G. Jacobs, J. Berroth Application of pre-calculated gear mesh stiffness on elastic gear bodies in multi-body simulation S. 1087-1098

„… make compromises in the modeling process to achieve a balance between the computational effort and …” „… smooth definition for the stiffness data. The spline interpolation has the additional advantage of …” „… process is carried out for the gear geometry shown in Fig. 3. Time domain simulation In order to import …”

D. Mevissen, C. Lopenhaus, T. Bergs Calculation of mixed friction conditions in large-scale rolling-sliding contacts for different surface structures S. 555-568

„… rolling-sliding contacts can be significantly improved by conditioning the surfaces in the manufacturing process …” „… unfiltered topography measurement data of the test and counter shaft is used. For verification, the …” „… explained by the consideration of the measured surface topography. Without filtering the measurement data …”

T. Pinel, J. Bruyere, P.Velex, L. Billet Parametric Study of a 3D trochoidal reducer model with involute profile S. 437-448

„… off-line-of-action contacts( Fig. 2). Table 1: Tooth geometry data for trochoidal reducer Fig. 2: Motion transfer …” „… with small involute teeth Tooth geometry data Tooth number (pinion/ring gear) 51/52 Normal …” „… pine and bore can be modeled according to the same approach. This process is presented for tooth …”

B. J . Siewerin, T. Tobie, K. Stahl, A. Dobler Flank load carrying capacity of hard-soft gear pairings S. 173-184

„… drums), because they are often the key unit in the process chain. Therefore, they need to meet high …” „… , 2019 177 Table 1: Data of the investigated gears Gear parameter Symbol Unit Pinion Wheel Shaft center …” „… pinions are case-hardened VDI-Berichte Nr. 2355, 2019178 Table 3: Data of the investigated lubricants …”

J. Ahn, C. H. Choi, J. H. Yu, S. C. Kim A study of dynamic behavior of tractor pto driveline to analyze a rattle noise S. 461-470

„… acquired data. As a result, it is discovered that the dynamic characteristics of the system are changed …” „… torque and noise. Transient Processes in Tribology, 43, 2003, 109 - 121 [5] Steinel, K. and Tebbe, G …”

B. van Wissen, M. Kanters, F. Mitsuzuka, K. Iwanaga, Ir. A. Hasanovic Predicting wear for high performance plastic gears S. 1323-1334

„… design. Another option is to use data gathered via simplified tests and test specimens, such as a …” „… translating the data of these tests to the application is not as straight forward as it might look. For …” „… due to the injection molding process. This effect is enhanced due to the equal number of teeth in …”

E. Bergstedt, U. Olofsson, J. Lin, P. Lindholm Influence of gear surface roughness on pitting and micropitting life S. 3-14

„… surface cracks. Thus, inhibiting the crack growth process and preventing pitting. There are several …” „… from EHL to mixed lubrication is expected. This transition is visible in the measured data as initial …”

M. Geitner, T. Tobie, K. Stahl, B. Zornek Investigations on the pitting load capacity of internal spur and helical gears S. 301-314

„… internal helical gear model (with the same transverse gear geometry) was designed. The main gear data of …” „… the planets and the ring gears are summarized in Table 1. Table 1: Gear data of the FZG internal …” „… process. To carry out tests in the limited-life range as well, the tooth width of the standard internal …”

A. Kubo, M. Nagae, K. Kawasaki Japanese standardization for gear steel qualification via evaluation of HV-scattering S. 893-902

„… gear steels. The outline and some contents, e.g. data processing incorporated in this standard, is …” „… and annealing process was given. The cracking problem was then over. Fig.1 right shows the HV …”

D. Fuchs, T. Tobie, K. Stahl, S. Schurer Investigations into non-metallic inclusion crack area characteristics relevant for tooth root fracture damages of case carburised and shot-peened high strength gears of different sizes made of high-qu... S. 287-300

„… applying an adequate shot-peening process to the tooth root, beneficial compressive residual stresses are …” „… . Figure 1 illustrates the model approach. As input data, the characteristics of the non-metallic …” „… database and the model approach of [7]. Acknowledgment This research work was equally funded by the …”

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