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Autonomous Systems 2016

Herwig Unger (ed.), Wolfgang A. Halang (ed.)

Series: Informatik/ Kommunikation

Volume 848 2016

Results in this title

„… external interfaces [B2], • Throughput and real-time characteristics, that means, time constraints [B3 …” „… safety-related real-time data processing. 3.1 Unstructured Specification Techniques The main characteristics of …” „… for specifying real-time systems, because at any time the given time constraints are known and can be …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-VIII

„… /VDI-Mitgliederpreis ¤ 72,90. Keywords: Autonomous Systems – Safety-related and Real-time Systems – Networks and …” „… considered in this volume. To begin with, in its first section on safety-related and real-time systems …” „… . Herwig Unger Wolfgang A. Halang VI Contents Safety-related and Real-time Systems A Comparative Survey of …”

Education S. 195-218

„… real addresses may change within short periods of time. Now there is a concept, called virtual machines …” „… courses on project management, group communication, and so on.) These project assignments simulate real …” „… the time in the classroom for fostering understanding. This is done by asking the students questions …”

Neural and Evolutionary Computing S. 133-166

„… Dual Echo State networks. First, the importance of a real-time matrix inversion function is highlighted …” „… the others. To start with, the real time processing contexts are complex. Same is the case when the …” „… real time computation is to be done, that might prove to be really challenging. Another issue in such …”

Networks and Routing S. 70-103

„… doing so, it is aimed to minimise travelling times between source and sink nodes, and to use as …” „… networktopological characteristics, using Pajek [6]. According to the objectives minimising the travelling time and …” „… Travelling Time Resulting Route Topological Analysis of Network Fig. 3: Concept of routing approach The …”

Natural Language Processing S. 167-194

„… words – as representations of real-world entities – but a certain composition of them [1], too. In many …” „… co-occurrence graph – similarly to the knowledge in the human brain – may be built step by step over a long time …” „… over time topical centers of interest (a notion normally used to describe the part of a picture that …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186848109

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Autonomous Systems 2017

Herwig Unger (ed.), Wolfgang A. Halang (ed.)

Series: Informatik/ Kommunikation

Volume 857 2017

Results in this title

René Schwantuschke High-frequency Trading as a Real-time Application S. 258

„… 258 High-frequency Trading as a Real-time Application René Schwantuschke Faculty of Mathematics …” „… stock exchanges is considered as an application in the financial sector for which real-time requirements …” „… suitability. It turns out that this platform was not designed with real-time capability in mind, and that the …”

Stefan Widmann A Data Specification Architecture S. 215-229

„… operation result Violation of real-time requirements Violation of deadline Premature data update Late data …” „… appropriate error handling can be applied. 4.5 Deadline Tag Systems with hard real-time constraints are …” „… ; http://heartbleed.com/; 2014 [9] B. Dasarathy: Timing Constraints of Real-Time Systems: Constructs for Expressing Them …”

Dit Suthiwong, Maleerat Sodanil, Gerald Quirchmayr, Herwig Unger Stock Selection by Using an improved quick Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm S. 65-77

„… complex task in real-world problems. In this work, we proposed a Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) to deal with …” „… first proposed by Karaboga [1] in 2005, ABC had shown competitive performance [2] on many real world …” „… return of stock i at current time t, Pi,t denote price of stock i at current time t, Pi,t−1 denote …”

Nkiedel Alain Akwir, Muhindo Kule Mutengi A Survey of Traffic Flow Modelling Concepts: Pros and Cons of Traditional Models S. 230-244

„… real-time traffic state”, Physica A, vol. 437, pp. 55–67, 2015. [32] Nooshin Davoodi ; Ali R. Soheili ; and …” „… fundamental traffic flow parameters) over space and time through partial differential equations. Different …” „… and time equals zero [3]). We will notice that, nevertheless, this model is still useful when it comes …”

Theodor Tempelmeier Keynote 2 Ethics in Autonomous Driving S. 10-19

„… ., Konakovsky, R. M.: Sicherheitsgerichtete Echtzeitsysteme. (Safety-oriented Real-Time Systems. In German) 2 …” „… . Auflage, Springer, Berlin 2013. [10] Section on “Safety-related and Real-Time Systems”. In: Autonomous …” „… with “sufficient” buffer time, if it is necessary for the driver to take over [5, para. 1a]. That would …”

Pongsarun Boonyopakorn, Phayung Meesad Performance Evaluation of an Immune Genetic Algorithm S. 32-64

„… suitable form such as string form, real valued vector form, and hybrid form are considered as self-data …” „… : subject, section, instructor, time, and room. 110011100110011 Fig. 3: Chromosome Representation where bit …” „… represents times, and 13–15 represents room. 2.5 Initial Population The chromosome’s fitness value is …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-VI

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 High-frequency Trading as a Real-time Application René Schwantuschke …” „… needs time and honest, non-egoistic and enduring talk among colleagues and friends. Nevertheless, like …”

Maleerat Sodanil, Yuttana Lungkatoong, Gerald Quirchmayr Named Entity Recognition in Thai Messages to Detect Natural Disasters S. 78-87

„… relevant to disaster management, shareable information at the same time. These information are beneficial …” „… for people in order to help and support just in time or in advance. Normally, data type can be either …” „… . The results given such a good score which can be applied to use in the real world. 1 Introduction …”

Gerhard Sartorius Metrology and Machine Learning S. 88-104

„… inmachine learning consist of two steps: 1. Detection of a real status or object in the form of data which …” „… real value exceeds the limit. To avoidmaking bad decisions following the golden rule of metrology, the …” „… measurement time can lead to feedback effects. The magnitude of this error is dependent on the deviation …”

Günter Fahrnberger Secure Filtering Techniques for Instant Messaging S. 174-187

„… key. Altogether, Alice remains anonymous for the sieve and can be sure at the same time that merely …” „… in the whitelist in future or excluded from there. One-time secret keys to assure privacy: Alice and …” „… . Promoting internet safety through public awareness campaigns - guidance for using real life examples …”

Gerhard Sartorius Data Preprocessing and Outlier Detection in Multivariate Data S. 105-140

„… value. However, the following is important when cleansing the data: real data such as measured values …” „… measured at different times, at different locations or under differing conditions, which represent the …” „… of the sample plus three times of the standard deviation, estimated by s with formula 8 in [15] for …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186857101

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ELIV 2021

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2384 2021

Results in this title

S. Alexander, F. Borrelli, M. Pfeifle Real-time Contextual Intelligence Services for Connected Electrified Vehicles S. 509-522

„… Real-time Contextual Intelligence Services for Connected Electrified Vehicles OEM Digital …” „… : Context-Aware Smart E-Mobility Services A real-time contextual intelligence fabric is a fundamental …” „… Health (SoH) and degradation of vehicle components like batteries, among other capabilities. Real-time …”

K. Saad, A. Sligar, R. Kipp, J. Decker, D. Rey, S. M. Canta Ansys Real Time Physics Based Radar Simulation – An Enabler for Machine Learning in the Context of Autonomous Driving S. 83-94

„… Ansys Real Time Physics Based Radar Simulation An Enabler for Machine Learning in the Context of …” „… electromagnetic applications, Ansys physics-based Real Time Radar (RTR) introduces a new paradigm for sensor …” „… training process of ML algorithms highly relies on labeled training data, Ansys’ Real Time Radar (RTR …”

J. Becker, D. Pangercic A Safety-Certified Vehicle OS to Enable Software-Defined Vehicles S. 435-446

„… , real-time execution, and with automotive functional safety certification. We draw an analogy to the field …” „… real-time) ten years ago and addressed the first five challenges by developing ROS (the Robot Operating …” „… Apex.OS (Apex.AI’s proprietary fork of ROS 2), we addressed real-time and deterministic execution by …”

M. Rath, N. KN, A. K. Laxminarayana, R. Tandon Automated Driving – How cloud infrastructure plays a vital role in future of validation for Automated Driving? S. 95-104

„… Monitoring framework: The executions are monitored continuously on real time by APM (Application Performance …” „… ) will be extremely time consuming and expensive. Thus, ADAS/AD applications must be tested virtually …” „… the cloud environment. This offers scale to run millions of scenarios in a cost and time efficient …”

T. Fricke, F. Schuck, J. Vogelpoh, J. Ax, R. Stolpe, H. Amelunxen Collaborative Development of a Test Environment for Automated Driving S. 5-16

„… Systems In this paper, we focus on HIL testing of AD-HPCs using closed-loop real-time HIL testing …” „… behaviour. All of this has to happen in real time. In setting up such a HIL test environment, many …” „… real-time computer (RT-PC), which provides the communication interface simulation for the system under test …”

A. P. Das, K. Thomas, A. Mohan, A. S. Akhil, K. P. Ganesh A Battery Digital Twin framework for Predictive Maintenance and State of Health Estimation of Electric Vehicles S. 579-592

„… of data during the operation of a vehicle, with poor real-time capability and data utilization rate …” „… based representation of battery. 2. Edge device interfaces The real-time data of an EV battery pack is …” „… in the ecosystem. The system should have features such as better interoperability, real-time data …”

T. Fuchs, O. Manicke, M. Zinser, B. Baker Automotive digital twin: An approach for isolating and virtual validating of software updates in end-to-end architectures based on customer vehicles S. 223-236

„… multi-physical, scalable, precise, and real-time simulations, enhances testing of software in customer vehicles …” „… Analysis for Task Chains in Communicating Threads. 2016 IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and …” „… success of SOTA updates. While real prototypes are accessible during the vehicle development process, the …”

J. Klesing, P. Schmitt Chassis Health Management – End-to-End Architecture and Methods S. 105-116

„… System are Fault Symptoms, which are generated via real-time system models. The Diagnostic Reasoner uses …” „… cloud aggregates data from the entire vehicle fleet in real-time, which enables trend analyses to be …” „… provides Remote Real-Time Data Central Monitoring of Vehicle + Cloud " 3 Proactive Component-level Alerts …”

S. Apartsin, H. Stein, G. Reiter, K. Williams AI-based Signal Integrity Monitoring for Integrated Vehicle Health Management S. 143-150

„… vehicle in real-time, AI-based VDI-Berichte Nr. 2384, 2021 143 Integrated Vehicle Health Management (IVHM …” „… signals in real time, these deep learning pipelines can provide valuable prognostic and predictive …” „… the input signals and varies in real time as the monitored system’s conditions change. Because it …”

K. Renatus, A. Unger, B. Baker, O. Manicke Machine learning approach towards remote diagnostics and repair of electric vehicle charging processes S. 163-174

„… of the environment can be real, virtual or hybrid. Two major challenges arise, if real-time effects …” „… . Future work will focus on expanding and improving the method, as well as implementing a real vehicle …” „… mainly recommendations, thus real implementations can differ. On the one hand, the numbers of EVSE …”

D. Bartlett, S. Sesia, T. Yuan Liu Hybrid collaborative positioning/navigation scheme for performance enhancements and local perception improvement for automated driving S. 47-60

„… the health and safety aspects of the vehicle, executing functions in real time. VDI-Berichte Nr …” „… need real-time response times. This includes not only health and safety functions, but also non-health …” „… Central Controller Compute A Compute B Compute C ADAS Compute 4G / 5G Capability B Real Time / PT‐CAN Real Time …”

S. Selitrennikoff, M. Ortegon-Cabrera Architecting for Secure, Safe and Agile Software Defined Vehicles – Learnings from the Personal Computer industry S. 395-408

S. Wonneberger, S. Balci Reliable Validation of Highly Automated Driving Functions by Increasing the Virtualization Level of High Performance Computing Platforms and Smart Sensors S. 17-28

„… state-of-the-art virtualization and deployment technologies. - High Real-Time Factor For fast test responses we …” „… further demand an simulation factor close to one (real-time) and thus exclude processor or partial …” „… middleware platform as described above and where able to stream even high resolution image data in real-time …”

G. Reichart, R. Asmus, B. Mattner AUTOSAR Vehicle Operating System (AVOS) – The Safe and Secure Framework for Automotive System Architectures S. 245-256

„… . On the one hand, there are the requirements for real-time behavior or the scalability of memory and …” „… layered architecture, where the realtime operating systems (e.g., OSEK-OS, POSIX), non-real-time operating …” „… (memory, timing, etc.). It is statically configured and scaled and suitable for hard real-time …”

I. Trefz Virtual software platform for the car – On the road to the next paradigm shift with VIRTIO standards S. 237-244

„… of guest operating systems such as Linux, Android, AUTOSAR or other real-time operating systems in …” „… real-time operating systems. The standard, officially called "OASIS Virtual I/O Devices", is promoted and …” „… , reduces development and BOM costs, and shortens time-to-market. Especially in the cockpit, manufacturers …”

K. Heurtefeux, M. Kumar, M. Cassol New Automotive E/E architecture and how TC4xx enables it – From domain-based to zone-based approach S. 429-434

„… 4Dx. In terms of security, the TC4xx includes the Cybersecurity Real-time Module (CSRM) which is …” „… article, with the AURIX™ Real-time Microcontrollers Infineon offers right fitting microcontrollers to …” „… a central gateway have grown over time and became very complex. As an illustration, the weight of …”

F. Rabe ShyTech Displays – Enabling a new era of puristic vehicle design and enhanced user experience S. 381-388

„… passenger’s needs will typically change with the traffic situation, the individual type of journey, time of …” „… time, enabling information on demand. There is no “one size fits all” when it comes to information …” „… exciting user experience, they can benefit from being ‘shy’ at times: Hiding control surfaces made of …”

U. Bodenhausen Make AI Testing Meaningful – From Understanding to Mastering of AI Testing S. 151-162

„… base and test-time data augmentation. The principles should be spread in the automotive industry …” „… real-world application of the system. Deep AI Testing To bridge the gap in the short term, we propose a …” „… improvement as well as testing throughout the project. Test-Time Data Augmentation These principles and …”

C. Hurasky HERE HD Live Map – more than a sensor for Automated Driving S. 45-46

„… systems that collect, evaluate and process real-time information from various sources and allow the …” „… must be correct in space and time. For the map to be of HD-quality, conditions such as road layout …” „… Reliability – to be correct in space and time Global coverage – products that can scale where our customers …”

D. Mehlig, M. Muller, J. Treier, A. Loges Long distance e-mobility in the trade-off between battery capacity & charging power – Battery immersion cooling as enabler technology? S. 545-562

„… charging time. Based on a customer analysis, this paper analyses different vehicle configurations for a …” „… battery capacity was increased more than four times higher. The same technical trend could be seen on …” „… points to realize reduced charging times with higher charging power. Leading European provider are for …”

M. Gresser, M. Mende, M. D. Rabe, B. Baker, A. Unger Graph-based Vehicle Diagnostics using Machine Learning S. 131-142

„… , NASA presented timed fault propagation digraphs for real-time fault diagnostics of industrial plants …” „… ] S. Padalkar, G. Karsai and J. Sztipanovits, "Graph-based real-time fault diagnostics," NASA …” „… customers and the laws regarding safety, connectivity, and sustainability. At the same time, vehicle …”

Forword S. 1-4

„… result. Not only the long-overdue push towards digitalization, for example, but also the time gained by …” „… manufacturers are currently having a hard time due to the enormous development costs of automated driving …” „… functions. But at the same time it is clear that this trend must be taken seriously, not least on account …”

G. Castignani, F. Chandelle, S. Jafarnejad, I. Scherer Evaluation of a driver’s compatibility with electric, plug-in hybrid, and hybrid vehicles based on mobility patterns analytics S. 489-500

„… allows to profile and analyze vehicle status and driving behavior in near-to-real time for a large …” „… typical stop times close to chargers, among other factors. Assessing the transition potential to BEV …” „… average trip distance, the time between charging cycles, among other factors. 2. The technology used …”

K. Brand Shifting Left the development of Electric Vehicle Products, from System to Software S. 563-578

„… approximately thirty seconds of real-time. This gives a lot of scope for many iterations of parameterized …” „… development turn-around time with continuous integration flows. Specifically, within the xEV product domain …” „… iterated many times during the development process. Much like design verification, bench testing or …”

H. Zeltwanger CAN XL: The third CAN protocol generation S. 309-316

„… . For real-time control networks and mission-critical tasks high-reliable network technologies are …” „… be used to improve the real-time capability of the CAN XL communication in case of transmitting …” „… XL controllers would use 64-bit time stamps, which cannot wrap around during life time. TF higher …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XIV

„… 75 L. Gonzales-Fuentes, M. Harihar, M. Cassol, Infineon Technologies, Munich Ansys Real Time Physics …” „… Real-time Contextual Intelligence Services for Connected Electrified Vehicles …” „… dynamics, traveling time and CO2 emissions The CO2-Life Cycle Assessment for the Porsche Taycan …”

M. Schleicher Paving the way for the „Software Defined Vehicle“ S. 273-284

„… system, depending on needs for computing power and determinism (real-time) needs as well as bandwidth in …” „… lifetime. At the same time consumers expect at least the same level of quality and availability for …” „… Over-the-Air updates there are specific requirements according to UNECE. A real Software Defined Vehiocle …”

D. Geyer, C. Miedl Safety Architectures for Automotive Cross Domain Servers – Challenges and Potentials S. 447-458

„… real-time requirements near the sensors and actuators on the other. Signal interactions between functions …” „… quantitative proof of each concept part Signal timing and fault tolerance times (FTT) require more cascaded …” „… of the software. In general, the CDS is a suitable methode for partial virtualization of real ECUs …”

A. Hohm, B. Hartmann, S. Khodaverdian, D. Bosch, B. Lattke, P. Keck The Evolution of Automation in Parking – Assisted, Automated, Autonomous S. 61-74

„… annoying and time-consuming task. This can be strongly supported by some impressive dimensions [1 …” „… ]: Searching for parking spaces costs Americans 73bn $/year, time for searching a parking space in New York …” „… : 107 hours per year and driver Searching for parking spaces costs Germans 40bn $/year, time for …”

S. Kraus Automotive Software Development – Is it Different? S. 187-196

„… innovations in the field of propulsion, but their importance has diminished over time. Very quickly …” „… – became a major driver of innovation. Motorized coaches became real automobiles. A third stage was the …” „… innovation over time. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2384, 2021 187 embedded system. This kind of software is modular …”

C. Heer, J. C. Gobel, D. Mollahassani, S. Forte Future Collaboration Ecosystem for Automotive Microelectronic Innovation Processes S. 295-308

„… to reduce the time-tomarket in smart mobility engineering innovative processes, methods and IT tools …” „… device driven by a human. At the same time, a transformation of mobility takes place, which will go hand …” „… very long time till the start of production (SOP). Different development approaches or methods within …”

Z. Hermon Active Acoustics Innovations Supported by Tuning & Prediction Tools S. 331-338

„… prediction through simulation, real-time vehicle data indications, and system components validation …” „… and manufactured anti-noise reach occupants' eardrums at precisely the same time and cancel each …” „… private call, at the same time other occupants listen to public radio, or a parent who needs to hear …”

E. Metzker, M. Engelsberger Scalable Automotive Intrusion Detection Systems – From the ECU to the Vehicle Operation Centre S. 613-622

„… 's archive databases, real-time dashboards, or third-party analysis tools like the previously mentioned SIEM …” „… security events and sensors which are specific to their products while at the same time they can use the …” „… System (ADAS) or even data from traffic lights in close proximity to the vehicle at the time when the …”

J. P. Mercier, O. Ploix Modular, standardized, and innovative Power Electronics for Automotive S. 533-544

„… CO2 and real world pollutant emissions in order to realize a sustainable society. A deep …” „… cost while at the same time an important technological evolution is presented with the generalization …” „… side cooling – base plate compatible with TIM, soldering and sintering processes 750 / 1200 V …”

C. Cremers, P. Hubertus, R. Laszlo, M. Pfeifle, O. Muratov Augmented Reality Guidance based on 6D Positioning and HD Lanes S. 367-380

„… requires detection in real-time of some of the HD map localization objects. Specifically, the localization …” „… the same time - maintain passenger comfort levels. An electronic horizon powered by HD map data also …” „… estimate movement of a vehicle in a short time window, with very high accuracy and low latency. However …”

W. Huhn Adaptive Driving Beam [1] – The next mandatory Safety System? S. 389-394

„… Driving Beam Report, March 30th, 2021 [2] Hamm, M.; Matrix Beam and ADB in Real Traffic, DVN Workshop …” „… “How to save Lives in Night-Time Driving?” Novi, USA; September 21st, 2021 …”

F. von Bulow, F. Heinrich, T. Meisen A new perspective for manufacturers: Cloud-based utilization of operational fleet data S. 117-130

„… for manufacturers enabling the integration of real-world fleet usage data into the manufacturer’s …” „… exist in vehicles for a long time, but it is only today, with the evolution of centralized …” „… , nor owned or operated by the same person or institution. Also, the size of a fleet can vary over time …”

F. A. Schiegg, I. Llatser, H. Tchouankem, T. Frye, F. Wildschutte, F. Hofmann Removing Blind Spots – Infrastructure-assisted Collective Perception S. 29-44

„… . Introduction Mobility is one of the essential drivers of modern times. A world without vehicles is …” „… objects (motorized vehicles, pedestrians, and cyclists) in the observed traffic space in terms of time …” „… perception. To investigate the described scenario in the real world, a demonstrator vehicle (left part of …”

F. Rundo Perceptive Advanced Car-driver Drowsiness Monitoring Neuro-Embedded System S. 317-330

„… times of cardiac contraction between consecutive beats), could be used as second level monitor of the …” „… (Pulse Rate Variability) indicator, detected starting from the PPG time-series. Another different …” „… allows to filter the components that are not useful for our target. Furthermore, considering the real …”

O. Kath Model-Based Systems Engineering accelerated S. 205-214

„… . We shall support agile system architecture development & design, including real-time cross-function …”

M. Kruppa Digital Light for Digital Live S. 339-350

„… of segments the real revolution is accomplished by combining the multi-segmentation with the …” „… mirrors to be tilted at a rate of up to 5,000 times per second. Depending on the setting, the light is …”

M. Wachs, J. Jager, A. Berthold The Crossroads of Automotive Security and GDPR S. 623-640

„… industry and lacks processes tailored towards the automotive domain. With this paper, we analyse real …” „… information about the vehicle, its state and usage such as current position, time and date of use …” „… consider it as a key challenge when following new business models as we saw in the real-world incidents we …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023846

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Land.Technik AgEng 2017

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2300 2017

Results in this title

W. Maaß, I. Shcherbatyi, S. Marquardt, A. Kritzner, B. Moser Real-time Smart Farming Services – Yield optimization of potato harvesting S. 67-72

„… Real-time Smart Farming Services Yield optimization of potato harvesting Prof. Wolfgang Maaß, …” „… for making decisions in real-time is currently a challenging task. In this paper, we introduce a …” „… providing services to various stakeholders. Special emphasis is given to real-time decision-making. The …”

J. Schroeter, W. Angermair, S. Pauli Real-time View and Documentation of Manufacturer Independent Machine Data S. 149-156

„… Real-time View and Documentation of Manufacturer Independent Machine Data Julian Schroeter …” „… present agricultural data streams in a genuine real-time view. Material and Methods: The paper …” „… challenges of our time [1]. In addition, farmers are constantly facing new demands in the form of additions …”

J. Wieckhorst, T. Fedde, L. Frerichs A Traction Field Test – Real Time Tire Soil Parameters of a Tractor in Tillage Applications S. 431-438

„… A Traction Field Test – Real Time Tire Soil Parameters of a Tractor in Tillage Applications …” „… all sensors necessary to generate real time tire soil mappings at one of the rear wheels of the …” „… Fig. 5: Real time tire soil mappings for different tire inflation pressures whilst stubble …”

A. Sharda, R. Strasser, M. Rothmund Development and Utilization of a Planter Automatic Downforce Evaluation Test Stand to quantify System Response and Accuracy S. 345-354

„… changes. Real-time field data was used to develop simulation test files with target disc loading …” „… included a main data display screen to observe real-time critical parameters during test stand operation …” „… . Real-time values displayed were total stand load, disc load, gage wheel load, press wheel load setting …”

W. Stark, C. Pieke Efficiency Optimization by Using “Vehicle in the Loop” Test Methodology S. 399-406

„… using topographic road profiles, modeled trailers and implements in a real time environment. The …” „… real-time investigation of various vehicle performance specifications. The main advantage is the reduction …” „… with each dyno module. The simulation platform uses a detailed real-time multibody model for wheels …”

C. A. Shearer, J. D. Luck, J. T. Evans Development of a Sprayer Performance Diagnostic Tool for Better Management Practices of In-Field Spraying Operations S. 575-582

„… Coverage Tool (PACT) based in MATLAB. The PACT program was developed to process real-time sprayer …” „… collection service offered by Farmobile (Farmobile, Inc.; Overland Park, KS), where real-time sprayer …” „… real time kinematic (RTK) corrected values. Program Functionality A real-time sprayer performance …”

D. Engelmann, M. R. Unger, M. Geimer Testing and Benchmarking a Powertrain with Independent Wheel Control for Heavy Machinery S. 303-314

„… by the real-time computer on which the simulation models run. The test bench machines and the …” „… real-time computer. Hence, the same unit can be tested as if mounted on different machines only by changing …” „… the machine model on the real-time computer (Fig. 3).[8] Fig. 4: MOBiL test bench architecture …”

A. Johannes, M. Seitz Automatic plant disease diagnosis using mobile capture devices S. 39-60

„… color and textural descriptors allow for real time performance, since only suspicious regions are …” „… color constancy on the image by means of the developed algorithm succeeding on real time conditions and …” „… descriptors allow real time performance as only the suspicious regions are trained and described by the higher …”

K. Ritters, P. Winkelhahn, L. Frerichs, B. Kriebel Determining saving potentials in a tractor drivetrain using a simulation model and measured operating data S. 297-302

„… in the real use of the tractor, it is essential to simulate typical application cases with …” „… . Since those measures may influence the tractor speed, it is necessary to transfer the time-based model …” „… . As input data for the model, measurement data of real machines is used, so that realistic load …”

N. Schlingmann, H. Schallermayer, J. Witte, C. Gossard Challenges of digital revolution – How the AEF plans to manage interoperability S. 477-484

„… communications between devices directly wireless to a server or a cloud system in real time is necessary and has …” „… - Implement-Mananagement with tough real time requirements and more data oriented aspects like sharing of process data or …” „… high demands on safety, security and real-time behaviour. There are some concepts how to use IP based …”

J. Redenius, M. Dingwerth, A. Ruckelshausen, J. Hertzberg, T. Krause, B. Kettelhoit A multilevel simulation framework for highly automated harvest processes enabled by environmental sensor systems S. 157-164

„… output were implemented in the sense of scalability (fig. 3). For real-time capability there is no …” „… environmental sensor simulation for reducing the number of time- and cost-intensive vehicle tests [2]. However …” „… physics simulation of laser pulses, beam deflection or time-of-flight but a phenomenological behavior …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XVII

„… for fungicide applications 61 M. Tempel W. Maaß, Real-time Smart Farming Services – Yield …” „… Page Data Management and Simulation Concepts J. Schroeter, Real-time View and Documentation of …” „… tractors 423 V. Kloster, T. Fedde, L. Frerichs J. Wieckhorst, A Traction Field Test – Real Time Tire …”

C. Geiger, M. Geimer Efficiency Optimisation of a Forestry Crane by Implement Hydraulics with Energy Recovery S. 175-184

„… loading processes, reference loading cycles have been established based on field measurements of real …” „… % of the time forwarders are driving [4]. Regarding to this, loading processes are an important …” „… the evaluation of loading cycles, measurements in the forest under real conditions in a CTL thinning …”

C. Körtgen, G. Morandi, G. Jacobs, A. Kramer Efficient development by automatic calibration of tractor transmission control units S. 291-296

„… maneuvers are controlled by real-time hardware. Here, the desired maneuvers are automatically performed and …” „… a tractor simulation model and the second option is the testing of the real tractor on a test bench …” „… characteristic value is the time required to reach a desired velocity. In the last step, improved transmission …”

T. Oksanen Extending ISO 11783 for four wheel steering and implement steering S. 461-468

„… compatible with the latest communication patterns that make the real time communication safer, in terms of …” „… algorithms are able to control multiple steering actuators at the same time, like front wheel steering of …” „… Joint Point (VJP), which appears in some cases in conjunction with real joint. All four examples follow …”

T. Herlitzius, R. Hübner, A. Günther, C. Korn, S. Kirstein, S. Müller, J. Miunske Sensor study to identify process characteristics of crop and air flow in a combine harvester S. 583-590

„… algorithms with real process measurements. Introduction and state of the art Productivity enhancement and …” „… harvesters which, for the first time, optically captures the grain separation and at the same time, realizes …” „… , build and tested in a real combine cleaning device under laboratory conditions. Eventually the last …”

F. Balbach, E. Nacke, S. Böttinger Method for load-based evaluation of machines using the example of a tractor S. 521-528

„… monitoring lead to better material usage and result in higher up-time rates. At the same time condition …” „… varying loads over time into one overall damage factor, the application of a damage accumulation …” „… updated “Kuratorium für Technik und Bauwesen in der Landwirtschaft” (KTBL) working time classification …”

C. Birkmann, T. Fedde, L. Frerichs Influence of the Drive Train and Chassis on Power Shift Operations in Standard Tractors S. 439-446

„… 2 nEngine Time Preparation Torque Transfer Synchronisation Finalization 1200 TClutch 1, theoretical …” „… , the clutch will start to slip after a certain time. If the differential speed between primary and …” „… ). As a consequence the slippage torque of the clutch remains on a higher level. Time C lu tc h D …”

J. Ettl, H. Bernhardt, K. Thuneke, E. Remmele, P. Emberger, G. Huber Real driving emissions of tractors during field work and on the test stand S. 391-398

„… Real driving emissions of tractors during field work and on the test stand M.Sc., Dipl.-Ing. J …” „… recent years. But there is only little knowledge about the emission behaviour under real-life operating …” „… this, comprehensive knowledge is necessary about real emission behaviour of mobile machinery. By using …”

R. Bumberger, W. Klinger, D. Botev Electric traction drive on a plough – More power for the driveline S. 23-30

„… connector has a power sockets for the three-phase e-drive and a signal interface for real-time high-speed …” „… total lifetime of an 8-furrow plough with medium heavy soil, this results in a time saving of around 25 …” „… before 6 Furrows after 8 Furrows increased area performance 33,3 % increased time saving 25,0 …”

T. H. Langer Model-in-the-Loop Tuning of Hitch Control Systems of Agricultural Tractors S. 191-198

„… obtain within a short time period. In other words, identification and tuning of the parameters can be …” „… challenging in terms of time, conditions and repeatability resulting in semi-optimum set of parameters. In …” „… tuned and improved any time a year without available fields. With the possibility to conduct repeatable …”

K. Lüpping New Techniques for Mobile Pelletisation S. 375-382

„… when pelletising. Real cost benefits are offered to the end customer thanks to the automatic usage …” „… [1]. At that time, pellets were produced by means of two rollers. One roller pushed the material …” „… bale must be considered individually. Although several bales can be transported at the same time each …”

P. Riegler-, J. Karner, J. Huber, G. Moitzi, H. Wagentristl, M. Hofinger, H. Prankl A system for online control of a rotary harrow using soil Nurscher, roughness detection based on stereo vision S. 559-566

„… real-time automatic control of the rotary harrow machine parameters is based on the soil roughness indices …” „… extrinsic parameters. However, during the tests over a time period of two years we did not observe such …” „… maximal framerate of the camera is 60 fps, but due to the high computation time the actual sampling rate …”

M. Peeters, V. Kloster, T. Fedde, L. Frerichs Integrated wheel load measurement for tractors S. 423-430

„… additional signals to determine machine weight each time. The sensors are integrated into kinematics of …” „… tractor operation. 1. Motivation The new approach is to measure the real tire loads under dynamic …” „… : Functionality of a magnetostrictive bending sensor 4. Sensing Unit To get the real front axle load, masses …”

P. Hannukainen, R. Åman Biomethane as tractor fuel – Opportunities for customer, manufacturer or climate S. 355-366

„… tractors in 80’s in South America [3] Biodiesel has been under development for a long time. Also Valtra …” „… the time project was started, dual fuel NRMM vehicles did not exist in the market. One major reason …” „… measurement system (PEMS) to track tractor emissions during real working conditions. Four different loading …”

K. Wild, T. Schmiedel, D. Geißler, J. Rottmeier A hand-held measuring device for identifying the sharpness of knives in agricultural machinery S. 497-504

„… .: Real-time acoustic monitoring of cutting blade sharpness in agricultural machinery, IEEE/ASME Transactions …” „… other hand the sharpening or grinding process or the replacement of knives are time …” „… the time of the short to identify the end of the cut through the insulation material. Due to …”

C. Korn, T. Herlitzius Coupled CFD-DEM simulation of separation process in combine harvester cleaning devices S. 199-210

„… , which is not efficient. Those tests are time-consuming, expensive, hard to reproduce and rarely enable …” „… the real separation process. A distinction is made between input parameters for the simulation, which …” „… macroscopic values like separation time and purity. Both, simulation and experiment identified the particle …”

A. Bürger, S. Böttinger Driving comfort analysis of an agricultural tractor with the Hohenheim Tyre Model on complex tracks S. 263-272

„… test tractor. The measurements and the simulation results show a good correlation in both time and …” „… generations. These forces have to be reproduced as exactly as possible in both time and frequency domain …” „… results to measurements on a real ISO 5008 smoother track. For this reason, a Fendt 313 Vario test …”

D. Hast, B. Rosenbaum Predict the unpredictable – Benefits and limits of machine data analytics and component health prediction S. 529-536

„… lifetime prediction, these comprehensively processed smart data sets also deliver engineering-ready real …” „… was known at every time, maintenance could be optimized in terms of cost and risk. Boosting knowledge …” „… at the same time identify wear-induced faults before they cause failure. Our approach combines …”

K. Szalay, L. Kovács, G. Bércesi, I. Oldal, E. Piron, J. Charlat, T. Joly, C. Poncet, F. Tran Agricultural Tire Energy Efficiency test method and dedicated equipment to measure the fuel consumption and traction of agricultural tires under real field conditions S. 407-416

„… consumption and traction of agricultural tires under real field conditions Kornél Szalay, László Kovács …” „… representativeness of the measurements, with reproducible records carried out on real agricultural fields, in …” „… performance of the tires under real working conditions, on the field. In 2011 according to this new …”

N. Butts, B. Schleusner, M. Bremer Material and Distribution Sensor (MADS) for Combine Material Flow – How to design and build a low-cost material sensor S. 591-598

„… . Hence the difference in metric versus flow rates. Material distribution can be visualized in real time …”

J. Schwehn, S. Häberle, S. Böttinger Development of energy requirements of tractors and implements S. 237-244

„… our primary source of energy, has also been increasing for a considerable time. Significant changes …” „… can be graded as rare. To make statements about real life fuel consumptions of tractors, part load …” „… kNs2/m4) and real measurements [8] 0.20 0.25 0.30 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 kN/m Lines of constant …”

L. Meyer, P. Noyer Holistic Tractor Setup and Optimization System – CLAAS Electronic Machine Optimization for the Tractor S. 185-190

„… time different methodologies have been established to find the correct settings of the machine …” „… Management TIM. A challenge of this development is the necessity to add VDI-Berichte Nr. 2300, 2017 187 …” „… , especially in real world conditions, were seen in unawareness of the loss of efficiency, uncertainty about …”

F. Haussmann, R. Obermeier- The CLAAS AXION 900 TERRA TRAC Product Range – Benefits of the CLAAS Axion 900 halftrack tractor concept Hartmann equipped with CLAAS Big Driver Terra Trac S. 127-134

„… thanks to a steering assistance system adjusting in real time the speed of the tracks in order to steer …”

A. Yatskul, J.-P. Lemiere Reasons of irregularity of seed’s distribution in the divider heads of air-seeders S. 337-344

„… must allow to cultivate sizeable areas efficiently and finalize the seeding in a short amount of time …” „… seeding material type and a given distribution head (table 1). Material flow rate corresponded to the real …” „… follow the air flow direction. At the same time, the air with a low velocity cannot produce a sufficient …”

R. Schmetz Calculation of the losses in series-hybrid powertrains S. 513-520

„… hydrostat of the comparative powertrain. Because of these deficiencies, real efficiencies of hydrostats …” „… for off-road applications for long periods of time, despite their ability to deliver constant power …” „… conduction time per IGBT is tcond < 50% of a full period (tcond ≤ (T/2) - tturn-on - tturn-off) and the …”

Á. Kovács, I. J. Jóri, G. Kerényi A new discrete element model (DEM) for maize S. 211-218

„… these tests are usually limited in time and often prove to be very expensive. Numerical modelling of …” „… on the chosen parameters, the geometrical parameters of the real plant parts can be calculated based …” „… parameters of the real plant are known then the physical parameters of the DEM model can also be calculated …”

H. Vöcking, C. Heitmann, A. Wilken Automatic Adjustments of Combine Harvesters S. 99-104

„… performance of the machine at any time. Starting from automatic guidance and steering systems over situation …” „… possible throughput. This corresponds to real life. Experienced drivers also adjust the settings of the …”

G. M. Sharipov, D. S. Paraforos, H. W. Griepentrog, C. Gall Defining the dynamic performance of a no-till seeder by measuring the geo-referenced seeding depth S. 329-336

„… ) attached on the developed sensor-frame. The real-time tilting information (roll-pitch-yaw) of the seeder …”

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LAND.TECHNIK 2022

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2395 2022

Results in this title

M. Verhoeven, B. Missotten, J. Clarisse, S. Van Campenhout, S. Devos Artificial Intelligence based Grainloss Calculator and Real Time Connected APP S. 535-540

„… Artificial Intelligence based Grainloss Calculator and Real Time Connected APP M.Sc. Marcel …” „… provided to the APP by the Real Time Connected combine (combine needs to be equipped with telematics …” „… calibrate the loss sensors and/or as an input for the automation system. Fig. 5: Real Time …”

A. Paturle, F. Pinet, A. Duparque, D. Martin, V. Tomis, O. Scheurer, C. Ugarte, M. Lefebvre A tyre integrated sensor to monitor real time soil physical properties S. 327-334

„… A tyre integrated sensor to monitor real time soil physical properties Dr. A. Paturle, F. Pinet …” „… , mechanical strength and traffic-induced compaction, can be estimated and mapped, from the real-time …” „… allowing a real time and geolocalized measurement of the tyre deformation. This deformation results from …”

M. Grella, P. Marucco, F. Gioelli, P. Balsari, L. Athanasakos, N. Mylonas, S. Fountas, I. Zwertvaegher, D. Nuyttens, A. Caffini, F. Meroni, R. Rossi Airblast sprayer electrification for real-time, continuous fan-airflow adjustment according to canopy density during pesticide application in 3D crops S. 389-396

„… Airblast sprayer electrification for real-time, continuous fan-airflow adjustment according to …” „… solutions are not able to vary continuously and in real time the airflow characteristics as is needed …” „… real time by a GPS antenna, are processed, the fan setting is obtained as output. The field trials to …”

C. Schoerghuber, M. Ortner, M. Resel, R. Schantl, S. Puster Analysis of the tractor behavior on a powertrain test bed for tractor-specific maneuvers S. 521-528

„… bed with the tractor on real road or field. In this contribution the model-based operation of a …” „… skilled tractor calibration engineer in the real vehicle when performing defined maneuvers. Because of …” „… in overall the calibration is a complex and time-consuming task. A solution to overcome this …”

A. Hecker, B. Striller, N. Franchi Private mobile ad hoc communications and the application in LANDNETZ S. 251-258

„… broadband and real-time networking are key drivers for the digitalization in agriculture [1], [2]. Private …” „… networks, followed by the description of the continuous process flow for a UAV-based real-time nitrogen …” „… agriculture (especially in real time) requires full coverage and reliable communication links. Unfortunately …”

N. Strieker, T. Kohmascher Increased Dynamics and System Efficiency with Position-Controlled Hydraulic Cylinder S. 125-132

„… tension spring and counter-acts the force of the proportional magnet in real time. This control concept …” „… counter-acts the force of the proportional solenoid in real-time. This principle is well known from the …” „… 127 Fig. 4: Characteristics of deflector angle vs. time On the one hand, the deflectors need to …”

R. R. Shamshiri, C. Weltzien, T. Schutte Multi-Sensor Data Fusion with Fuzzy Knowledge-based Controller for Collision Avoidance of a Mobile Robot S. 349-358

„… localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithms have been widely used for real-time collision avoidance, however …” „… aviation plug ports for interfacing with other devices via serial and CANBUS for real-time monitoring of …” „… driving the robot in a real berry field and collecting sensor and steering data. Results from experiments …”

M. Mattetti, M. Varani, G. Molari, S. Fiorati Feasibility study of an idling-stop device on agricultural tractors S. 529-534

„… may idle from 10 to 43% of their service time and this inoperative time must be minimized since it is …” „… shutdown. The minimum idling time that permits energy savings is about 4 seconds. Introduction Over …” „… idle from 10% up 43% of their service time [3]. Idling can be classified as necessary and unnecessary …”

S. Brodie, T. Oksanen Virtual CAN Network for Remote Development of ISOBUS Devices S. 485-494

„… hardware. Within the university network, round trip times of under 50 ms were recorded between bus …” „… traffic from the client software to PC applications, but also to a real CAN bus interface. A requirement …” „… features of ISO 11783 in a way that would one day work with real hardware in a plug-and-play manner. For …”

G. Fiocchi Hybrid and full-electric solution for Telescopic Handler S. 147-152

„… , redesigned mechanical components and control electronics: working at the same time on all these tree …” „… phases real VDI-Berichte Nr. 2395, 2022 147 objects are realized in order to complete the Components …” „… . The vehicle mission is now properly defined and the real electric process can start based on the …”

M. Rothmund, J. Witte, N. Wolniak, T. Nothdurft AEF Wireless In-Field Communication – Common Coverage Map as a first application for interoperable cooperative field work S. 397-404

„… machines from different brands to exchange coverage data directly, continuously, and in real time. This …” „… real time when the machines were working in parallel. A big update of one machine missing 30 minutes …” „… implements work in the same operation (e.g. seeding) on the same field at the same time (working group …”

T. Anken, A. Latsch, M. Hatt Spot spraying broad-leaved dock plants in meadows S. 279-284

„… detect the plants in real time. This makes it possible to selectively treat only the target plants. With …” „… cameras per unit take images of the vegetation, which are analysed in real time by an on-board computer …” „… circled areas. The real pixel size in mm2 was determined by photographing and converting scales placed in …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XVI

„… Airblast sprayer electrification for real-time, continuous fan-airflow adjustment according to canopy …” „… Calculator and Real Time Connected APP � � � � � � � � � � 535 M. Verhoeven, B. Missotten, J …” „… , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg N-Time: An Automated Decision Support System for Sensor-Based …”

A. Grever, M. Muter, B. Johanning A generic approach to bridge the gap between route optimization and motion planning for specific guidance points of highly automated machines S. 71-78

„… objective function during route optimization regarding optimization criteria such as the working time or …” „… minimization of unproductive working time, energy consumption or soil compaction, whereby application-specific …” „… real-world applications. Fig. 2 schematically illustrates the goal of hybridization to reduce avoidable …”

I. Stasewitsch, J. Schattenberg, L. Frerichs, K. Kruger, J. Schobel, M. Lehr, T. Neugebauer Localization with a ground penetrating radar in harsh agricultural environments S. 153-162

„… in real time, so C++ and parallelization must be used. The measurement rate of the radar must be …” „… ) Sketch of the setup (b) Real test setup For development of the localization system a test vehicle is …” „… time domain by an inverse Fourier transformation with a Chebyshev window function. Zero padding is …”

S. Lorenz Machine operation task analysis – A deeper look into the shift of task profiles within operating agricultural cyber-physical production systems S. 473-484

„… has to fill the gap between the systems capabilities and dynamic requirements of real fieldbased …” „… mapping of autonomy shares also highlights the assumption that a real-world shared autonomy scenario is …” „… by the system and provide information and/or control actions to ensure process up time OM3b …”

M. Holovač, J. Krzywinski Aspects of sustainability improvement in the design of future agricultural systems S. 203-218

„… the machinery provide the optimal response to the real world conditions. Autonomous machines, in …” „… maximise yields of the field or to fulfil time critical processes at the right time. The application is …” „… additional product reliability create more loyal customers, but at the same time we are affecting the sales …”

F. Martin, G. Lohrmann, A. Stoll Selective weed control in grassland using high-pressure water jets S. 105-110

„… with RTK-GNSS (Real Time Kinematic Global Navigation Satellite System) [5]. Using a machine-learning …” „… is often mowed only one or two times a year. The first cut is usually only in June. At the same …” „… time, toxic plants such as Colchicum autumnale and Senecio jacobaea appear more frequently. If their …”

C. Krause, N. Iqbal, J. Hertzberg, M. Hollmann, J. Martinez, D. Nieberg, A. Ruckelshausen, S. Stiene, S. Rottgermann, M. Muter, A. Berghaus, J. Herbers, S. Menke Concept of a Test Environment for the Automated Evaluation of Algorithms for Robust and Reliable Environment Perception S. 177-184

„… described in [8] focuses on a long period of time to catch as many environmental conditions as possible. On …” „… its position from time to time. Therefore, static objects – with exceptions – can mostly be …” „… practical orientation establishes the reference to real application scenarios on agricultural machines …”

J. Guo, L. Frerichs, F. Shen, S. Munstermann Analysis of abrasive wear of tillage tools on both macro- and microscopic level S. 309-316

„… conditions are determined according to load profiles and abrasion loss on the tillage tool in real …” „… between working conditions and load. Compared to the real field, the soil in the soil bin is homogenous …” „… diagrams (Fig. 2) are created based on the measurement data. The red points are real measured data, while …”

S. Becker, B. Kazenwadel, M. Geimer Automation and Optimization of Working Speed and Depth in Agricultural Soil Tillage with a Model Predictive Control based on Machine Learning S. 55-64

„… agricultural processes. [4] Li et al. draft force model based on ASAE D497 and measured real-time data to …” „… real speed (? ) which is derived from GNSS-measurements, and the pitch angle (? ) which is used …” „… a single formula that only leaves unknown variables: theoretical and real speed of the vehicle …”

F. de Moraes Boos, S. Pfaffmann, V. Kegel GridCON Swarm – Development of a Grid Connected Fully Autonomous Agricultural Production System S. 17-22

„… with models of the swarm participants, exported from CAD software, which are animated using real-time …” „… a significant role in this process. Limited time windows for realization of tasks, such as …” „… preparing a field in time for planting season, as well as wheel-slip, especially during tillage work …”

M. Bruck Lost, but reconnected virtually – AEF ISOBUS Plugfest is back and better than ever S. 405-412

„… need to be bridged with as little delay as possible and as close to reality (near real-time) as …” „… event. The SARS Covid 19 pandemic makes hosting these events impossible for a long period of time …” „… and speed. Even with a hypothetical transmission at the speed of light, a round-trip time (RTT) of …”

L. Petrich, V. Schmidt, A. Stoll Tractor-mounted implement with section control and small-scale robot: Monte Carlo-based scenario analysis for effective weed control in extensive grassland S. 285-292

„… one weed to the next might have much shorter travel distances (and thus lower energy and time costs …” „… in drone images of extensive grassland sites. In addition to real data sources, we generated and …” „… to real experimental data, we also considered simulated data, i.e., we generated and analysed …”

V. Zippel, A. Olliver, S. Stesny, H. J. Nissen, F. Ahlers AEF – Agricultural Interoperability Network S. 419-422

„… experience around interoperability in the agricultural market. Especially projects like TIM (Tractor …” „… ) already set up for projects like TIM AEF will introduce a registration process which will provide a safe …” „… this network can be VDI-Berichte Nr. 2395, 2022 419 of any kind related to a real-world use case like …”

I. Beermann, A. Kipp Synchronising machine adjustments of combine harvesters for higher fleet performance S. 65-70

„… synchronised in a whole fleet near real-time by providing communication capabilities via cloud solutions …” „… walkers). This can also be easily changed at any time in the mobile app without the machine operator …” „… purchase a license for each combine. At the time of purchase the combine is then registered in the cloud …”

F. Pult, A. Stein, M. Geimer Challenges in the Use of Alternative Fuels: Solutions to handle Boil-Off Gas in Agricultural Machines S. 431-440

„… long periods (Table 2). This contrasts with the holding times of the insulated tanks of 5-10 days [7 …” „… off the excess BOG into the atmosphere. Because methane is about 25 times more harmful to the climate …” „… daily 10-12 hours nonstop heavy duty during harvest time completely in winter, between crop …”

M. Kissel, N. Tarasinski, A. Klein, V. Kegel, F. de Moraes Boos Fully electric Tractor with 1000 kWh battery capacity S. 23-28

„… operation time in the field. Fig. 1: Design render of the 1 MWh fully electric battery tractor …” „… results in a higher productivity while avoiding carbon dioxide emissions at the same time. The dimensions …” „… efficiency of the system and contributes to a longer operating time. 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Vehicle speed in …”

T. Herlitzius, B. Striller, N. Staemmler, T. Pohl FMIS evaluation and user experience within “Landnetz” S. 501-510

„… time, these "island solutions" only enabled departments to process and manage data and information …” „… management activities, the real challenge for the agricultural companies lies in transferring the data from …” „… administrative and time-consuming burden. Table 1: Data management survey in three farms of the test field …”

J. P. Fulton, R. Colley III, S. A. Shearer, E. M. Hawkins Generating High-Definition As-Applied Maps for Pneumatic Fertilizer Application Equipment S. 265-272

„… provide real-time evaluation of applicator performance, provide useful feedback to the operator, and …” „… . The IMAQ unit was mounted 5 m downstream of the fertilizer metering point to allow ample mixing time …” „… strobing technique was implemented using a camera capable of minimal exposure time in a dark environment …”

S. Geisler, T. Herlitzius Combi-mulcher – Development of a modular biomass processing and soil blending system S. 317-326

„… cost, time and energy input of additional technical equipment and processes such as the use of …” „… a short time. For field tests, a selection of variants can be made to validate the results. The …” „… number of test configurations for validation in field trials and with it the time and effort required …”

M. Abdipourchenarestansofla, H. P. Piepho Yield observation outlier detection with unsupervised machine learning in harvest machines S. 343-348

„… filling/emptying times. To identify measurements with such error sources, the proposed pipeline incorporates two …” „… outliers. The developed method is tested on real yield monitoring data from winter wheat and wintery …” „… , speed changes, field topography, non-fully used cutting bar, start/end delays, filling/emptying time …”

C. J. Lee, S. Schatzle, S. A. Lang Evaluation of perception sensors for safety of highly automated machine operations S. 163-170

„… ] Christiansen, P.: Vision-based Real-time Detection for Autonomous Vehicles in Agriculture. Aarhus Diss …” „… Vehicles, a minimum perception range of 8 m is necessary [2, 6]. The perception-reaction time (refresh …” „… of at least 8 m) - Required perception-reaction time: 100 ms (10 Hz) - Functional elements …”

S. Schwede, T. Herlitzius Identification of draft force characteristics for a tillage tine with variable geometry S. 37-44

„… . In this research project, it is to be determined if real-time adjustment of the tool geometry can be …” „… carried out in three times. Material und method of field tests For the field tests, a support frame …”

A. Schroder, P. Pickel, P. Emberger, J. Spiegel, E. Remmele The Multifuel Tractor – A Flexible Fuel Option to Reduce Fossil Fuel Consumption S. 441-446

„… under real conditions. Exemplary results of the VLO- M1 sensor from the field tests are shown in …” „… for rapeseed oil fuel. This means that there will be a time lack after engine start before they work …”

L. Frerichs, L. Buck Structuring of electrified agricultural machine systems – Diversity of solutions and analysis methods S. 1-10

„… demonstrated several times, including in various stages of development by DOWLER between 1978 and 1988 [5]. An …” „… agricultural technology" (EKoTech). Among other key figures, energy demand, times and costs of the entire …” „… analyzed with the simulation tool, taking real year effects into account. The process chain is composed of …”

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ELIV 2023

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2423 2023

Results in this title

S. K S, Tata Elxsi, N. Velinov Software-Defined Vehicle: Combining Real-Time Safety Critical Functions with Cloud Connectivity S. 543-558

„… Software-Defined Vehicle: Combining Real-Time Safety Critical Functions with Cloud Connectivity …” „… safety-critical real-time Driver Monitoring System (DMS) with cloud-based non-critical applications. It explains …” „… how a software platform based on Green Hills Software’s INTEGRITY Real-Time Operating System (RTOS …”

M. Nestoriuc, H. Walia Criticality driven data acquisition in autonomous driving – A basis for completeness and safety argumentation S. 1-16

„… it is the inverse of its score from the Scoring function. The edge weights are the real-world times …” „… validate new functions of automated vehicles, very extensive and cost-intensive real world test drives are …” „… autonomous driving systems (AD). This methodology is based on real, experienced, and recorded scenarios. In …”

F. Mayer, J. Apelt, R. Münzenberger, F. Kraft, C. Winkler Event-Chain-Focused Development of System Architectures Makes Complex Systems Manageable S. 645-662

„… , and a new, methodical approach is required to ensure real-time, tool-supported compliance …” „… decomposed into its event chain components, leading to end-to-end validation of real-time capabilities. As a …” „… sharing of these resources within a zonal architecture does not lead to missed real-time requirements. In …”

O. Schmidt, K. Albers, P. Rehkop, R. Münzenberger Strategically Migrating, Mapping and Scaling Software to new SoC, domain and zone architectures and HPC S. 169-184

„… software architectures and software deployment to different ECUs. Real-time operating systems and …” „… . Liu James W. Layland: Scheduling Algorithms for Multiprogramming in a Hard-Real-Time Environment …” „… Logical Execution Time Paradigm for Distributed Real-time Automotive Software. ACM Trans. Cyber-Phys. Syst …”

O. Kotte, L. Beermann, D. Ziegenbein, S. Ravi, M. Vinnakota Master Algorithm for Event-based Co-Simulation with FMI 3.0 for Timing Accurate Software-in-the-Loop S. 447-462

„… real-time automotive systems, Software-in-the-Loop (SiL) represents the state-of-the-art for testing …” „… (ECUs) are embedded real-time systems executing a great variety of software (SW) elements, including …” „… real-time constraints. This is usually done by building a model (for example as an open-source AMALTHEA …”

A. Kraus, R. Lokner Virtual Homologation – new opportunities for the automotive industry to enable more efficient development processes and improving safety and quality of vehicles for high scaling software updates S. 437-442

„… involved are very time-consuming due to the strictness of the regulatory requirements concerned …” „… , time savings and increased safety resulting from virtual performance of more extensive tests. With …” „… work. For the first time, the results of their collaboration will serve as the validation proof for a …”

P. Dreiseitel, D. Yesilbas Generative Artificial Intelligence – How AI Models Change the Way We Develop Automotive Products S. 405-418

„… issues. These bots can be integrated into vehicle systems, offering real-time support to users. Research …” „… impact on the automotive industry. It discusses real-world use cases in support processes, development …” „… phases, and direct product integration. At the same time, we will also address the current challenges of …”

C. Hübscher, R. Geppert Addressing the challenge of “integrating everything” S. 589-598

„… Development is a new concept to address multiple challenges at the same time: Working efficiently and …” „… real life you often get overwhelmed with tons of customer requirements that need to be evaluate and …” „… further broken down. It is often tricky to understand the real customer needs and the requirements may not …”

S. Spitzer, S. Wahl Hydrogen – A Game Changer in the Automotive Industry ... and Beyond S. 689-702

„… for these solutions. H2 applications take advantage of all use cases where short refueling times and …” „… generation of solutions available. Collecting a large amount of real data from its mobile and sta- tionary …” „… low fuel consumtion under real world driving conditions. Therefore, a system approach is crucial to be …”

K. Eliasch, Dr. P. Friedel, D. Li, D. Shan Cooperative Perception Services to Improve the Safety of Road Users S. 347-364

„… reflect the system actual GNSS positioning quality as it is not stable along time. The column of the real …” „… . The reaction time left for drivers can be significantly increased if a potentially dangerous situation …” „… QT based visualization window. 4.2 CPS System Time Delay According to the system composition, the …”

C. Wilks, J. Roslak New Opportunities with Software Defined Lighting – Appearance drives Emotionalization S. 61-76

„… data is to be transmitted from a central control unit to the headlamp, in the case of real-time …” „… realization of a real-time application such as Adaptive Driving Beam, however, lossless compression with the …” „… possibilities have long been recognized by OEMs and are particularly driven in the time of LED applications. LED …”

M. Wegener, R. Savelsberg, A. Alberti, G. Cechini, L. Schäfers, K. Badalian, S. Pischinger A Cloud-based Self-Learning Digital Twin Solution for Increasingly Accurate Range Prediction in Battery Electric Vehicles S. 103-112

„… advantages. Firstly, it allows us to capture and process real-time data from the vehicle and its environment …” „… twin is further improved over time and adapted to individual drivers – simply by driving the vehicle …” „… representations of physical objects that can simulate real-world behavior and performance. By using such models …”

G. Shirasat, T. Dannemann Snapdragon Ride Flex SoC: The central compute solution that’s bringing the SDV vision to reality S. 253-266

„… microservice or incumbent real-time operating system (RTOS) based or a combination of both. In case of the …” „… low latency hard real-time OEM applications.  Automotive Cloud-Native Container Infrastructure: On …” „… the developer feedback. The developer feedback can be defined as the time it takes for a developer to …”

K. Fuchs, G. Hasenbichler How Data-driven Approaches Enhance Agile and Quality-assured Software Development for AD S. 663-672

„… sector some time ago and are performing more and more tasks – and doing so across systems. Today …” „… performance levels of the implemented automated function. At the same time development duration and cost need …” „… the SUT as well as data from vehicle CAN need to be stored on data storage devices in a time …”

N. Ilg, D. Sisejkovic, P. Duplys Where is Everybody? – Looking for Remote Attacks on Cars in the Wild S. 623-634

„… traveled at 1 percent of the speed of light, our galaxy should have been colonized 1000 times [1]. In …” „… Valasek [3] in 2015, remote attacks on series cars have been published time and again, e.g., in [4], [5 …” „… . VDI-Berichte Nr. 2423, 2023624Large and/or stable: The current population is already large, but the real …”

M. Pfeifle, N. Zeller, A. vom Felde Combining ADAS and SD Maps for Augmented Reality Guidance S. 135-148

„… approach, the tracking front-end has to run in real time with the frame rate of the recorded image sequence …” „… sensor modality for ADAS, often complemented by radar and, at times, by LIDAR – when it comes close to AD …” „… real-word scene with the ability to occlude (or not) scenery items that are behind or before the turn path …”

U. Bodenhausen How to Become a Leader by Development of AI – ChatGPT Research Papers Analysed S. 281-292

„… domain that, even in Machine Learning friendly environments, had for a long time been subject to “manual …” „… models with hand-crafted rules have for a long time been more performant than data driven, machine …” „… learned language models. That paradigm has changed completely over time. Natural language understanding …”

S. Duda, Laurent Emmerich A unified middleware for SoC-agnostic application development S. 379-384

„… hard real-time capability and small, static memory. AUTOSAR Adaptive, on the other hand, supports CPUs …” „… , at the same time, enables the vehicle manufacturers to take over the development and responsibility …” „… frameworks: AUTOSAR Classic specifies the RTE (RunTime Environment) on which the corresponding software …”

A. Beyfuß, M. Wirtz, T. Hein, J. Feng, P. Crowther, O. Forrest QuietComfort Road Noise Control – Helping Carmakers Design Better Cars S. 39-60

„… can often use existing microphones for real-time adaptation to different driving conditions. An …” „… solutions require some form of error feedback to enable real-time adaptation of the cancellation system for …” „… requirement of critical importance to good RNC performance. Latency refers the time required for a vibration …”

M. Cupelli Rust for Automotive – A Modern, Memory-Safe and Secure Programming Language S. 533-542

„… hardware from Infineon, engineered for safety, security, and multicore real-time performance, complements …” „… primary advantage is its guaranteed memory safety at compile time. This static memory management …” „… eliminates unforeseen run-time vulnerabilities related to the access of unowned or unintended memory. The …”

H. Ghezali, L. Trautmann, S. Witke, S. Herbold A Review of using Artificial Intelligence in Large Projects for Requirements Classification S. 573-588

„… techniques to make the computations run faster, especially in real-time use cases where processing time is …” „… approach the assignment time can be reduced significantly, especially in acquisitions of short duration …” „… time-consuming and error-prone when performed manually, under the assumption that tens of thousands of …”

F. Kraemer Development and Testing Autonomous Vehicles (AV) at Scale S. 149-158

„… they can reduce data bottlenecks and spend their time on optimising ADAS/AD systems. Smarter Data …” „… carry out real on road driving tests. One major goal is to collect measurement data from sensors …” „… amounts of data and ensure time-synchronous recording for the further validation process. Digital Data …”

A. Weichslgartner Automotive Software Vulnerabilities: Strategies for Early Detection, Mitigation, and Prevention in the Software-Development-Lifecycle S. 463-478

„… the cost and complexity increases with time of the software development lifecycle, it is crucial to …” „… vulnerabilities. Additionally, we will examine selected publicly known real-world cases to explore how …” „… considered CVEs. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2423, 2023466Figure 3 shows the development over time of selected CWEs. It …”

A. Matarage A leap in innovation – What European OEMs can learn from Chinese OEMs in terms of User Experience S. 503-518

„… improved their standards – at times even surpassing some of the most prestigious European brands! The …” „… foreign countries). It is that time period that officially marks the beginning of the numerous joint …” „… pollution and low air quality. At the same time political shifts and changes are bringing new challenges and …”

P. Fietkau, L. Diebolder Challenges in the Synchronous Development of Software, Hardware and Mechanics for Drive Systems S. 559-572

„… securing all requirements with tests [6]. At the same time, virtualization of the validation process is …” „… the vehicle. The time required for tooling is high, especially for the last loop with production tools …” „… software development. Since it still takes time to create the physical prototypes, some of the physical …”

J. Hansson, L. Henderson, M. Sadeghi Kati, D. Möller, S. Ray, S. Schoutissen Safe and efficient regenerative braking strategies for BEV heavy vehicle combinations S. 91-102

„… defined range, allowing for sufficient lateral force to be available on the drive axles at all times. 2 …” „… imposed in time. The friction limit depends on both the tyre vertical load and the tyre-road friction …” „… changing, this plot represents a snapshot in time where the limit is set at a specific level. In the plot …”

A. Till, R. Hayton Why Trusted Execution Environments are Critical for Automotive Security S. 599-612

„… – both real and perceived. It is to the embarrassment of the industry that the majority of vehicle thefts …” „… Real? A question often asked is whether the cybersecurity threat to vehicles is real. Outside of …” „… Source, and the difficulty in keeping it secure. Imagine X evolves Y1 into Y2 over time, adding features …”

I. Lidovski, A. Geynis Tales from a Penetration Testing Team S. 497-502

„… zero-day vulnerabilities are found in real-time embedded automotive systems today? We believe that by …” „… place at the right time to eavesdrop on the specific validation traffic, this is not the case. In fact …”

T. Hinzmann Achieving Ubiquitous Connectivity for Future Vehicles S. 331-346

„… by providing real-time, highly reliable, and actionable information flows to enable safety, mobility …” „… approximately 25 times higher than the sub-7 GHz bands, resulting in a 4-5 times higher data speed …” „… methodology for algorithms and math will replace the traditional time-consuming trial-and-error beamforming …”

T. Huck, A. Achtzehn Towards the next step in vehicle E/E architectures S. 185-198

„… . In traditional E/E architecture time periods, this is full throttle …” „… ) called “uno”, “duo”, or “trio”. The uno pattern represents the highest level of integration. Over time …” „… domain-centralized architecture. Moving further towards a real vehicle centralization, the amount of HW resources …”

T. Löhr, B. Bauer Supply chain security risks of software driven products S. 479-496

„… . Real-time supply chain visibility solutions are invaluable tools for monitoring shipments and inventory …” „… this by providing real-time insights into potential issues. The development and maintenance of a robust …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XVI

„… EDV-Systeme GmbH, Saarbrücken Software-Defined Vehicle: Combining Real-Time Safety Critical Functions with …”

L. Heinrich, M. Springer, D. Schütz, J. Pannek A Holistic Approach for a Universal Vehicle-to-Robot (V2R) Communication Interface S. 365-378

„… real-time communication with minimal latency and regulate data transmission via allocated time slots. B LTE …” „… broker and precise time synchronization using IOT devices. IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic …”

P. Laufer Estimation of Gender and Age of Vehicle Occupants Using Deep Learning S. 27-38

„… data augmentation (right). To minimize inference time for age and gender estimation and reduce the …” „… . Sriharsha and P. J. A. Alphonse, “Anthropometric based Real Height Estimation using Multi layer peceptron …”

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Gießtechnik im Motorenbau 2017

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2304 2017

Results in this title

N. Gramegna Foundry 4.0: Smart casting process control and real time quality prediction S. 227-234

„… Foundry 4.0: Smart casting process control and real time quality prediction The digitalization of …” „… predict in real-time the Quality and the cost of the casting Nicola Gramegna, M. Eng, EnginSoft SpA …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-VII

„… . Gramegna Foundry 4.0: Smart casting process control and real time 227 quality prediction …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023044

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Reifen – Fahrwerk – Fahrbahn

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2425 2023

Results in this title

R. Schurmann, N. Harendza, A. Lion Comparison of numerical methods for real-time simulation of spontaneous axle component failure S. 103-118

„… Zeitschrittintegrator in der Mehrkörpersimulationssoftware ADAMS/Car RealTime. Die spontane Deformation kann sowohl …” „… durch CarMaker als auch durch ADAMS/Car RealTime exakt und echtzeitfähig berechnet werden. Beim Abriss …” „… liefert lediglich ADAMS/Car RealTime gute Ergebnisse, jedoch muss das Modell in der Komplexität reduziert …”

V. Yordanov, L. Eckstein Supplying Real-Time Data to a Digital Twin of the Road System using Tyres and Chassis as Data Providers S. 133-144

„… Supplying Real-Time Data to a Digital Twin of the Road System using Tyres and Chassis as Data …” „… , real-time data on these interactions cannot be collected directly, as a direct measurement of the force …” „… data generation to address this challenge is presented. At the core of this approach is a real-time …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-X

„… numerical methods for real-time simulation of spontaneous axle component failure 103R. Schurmann …” „… . Friederichs, M. Harris, fka GmbH, AachenSupplying Real-Time Data to a Digital Twin of the Road System using …” „… ) - RWTH Aachen University, Aachen Innovative ReifenentwicklungErstellung von realen Prüfzyklen für …”

C. Strübel, G. Sagar, B. Wies Impact Parameters on Tire Rolling Resistance under specific consideration of Ambient Temperature S. 89-102

„… stable surface over time due to missing tire and surface abrasion. In addition it is possible to …” „… schemes over a long period of time. The motivation for this defined test procedure is a precise …” „… under real driving condition. The underlying valid hypothesis for this approach is, that ranking and …”

N. Büteröwe, G. Müller, S. Müller, H. Ulmer, S. Reetz Road-Tire Friction Potential Estimation for Heavy-Duty Vehicles S. 197-208

„… .: ‘Development of a real time friction estimation procedure’, in Bargende, M., Reuss, H.-C., Wiedemann, J. (Eds …” „… can only infer the available friction potential at the current time, whereas cause-based methods have …” „… the longitudinal deceleration ax during a 0.5 s time period before the vehicle VDI-Berichte Nr. 2023 …”

M. Winter, G. Leister Erstellung von realen Prüfzyklen für Indoor Reifenverschleiß-Prüfstände auf Basis von GPS-Daten und eines MKS Fahrzeugmodelles S. 145-164

„… Erstellung von realen Prüfzyklen für Indoor Reifenverschleiß-Prüfstände auf Basis von GPS-Daten und …” „… tire must undergo another time-consuming and costly wear test. Classically, the tire wear tests are …” „… shortening of the measurement time compared to an outdoor test and, on the other hand, pays special attention …”

T. Ahrenhold, H. Lausch, J. Iatropoulos, R. Henze Fahrsimulatorstudie zur Akzeptanz von reibwertadaptiven Lenkmomentapplikationen eines Steer-by-Wire Lenksystems für das teilautomatisierte Fahren S. 225-238

„… Lenksystems für das teilautomatisierte Fahren M.Sc. Tim Ahrenhold, M.Sc. Hendryk Lausch, M.Sc. Jannes …” „… ) befestigt ist. Durch den realen Fahrerraum wird ein sehr hoher Immersionsgrad und eine kurze Adaptionszeit …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024256

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International Conference on Gears 2023

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2422 2023

Results in this title

S. Moschkau, S. Held Optimization of product quality and manufacturing processes in real-time with vibration analysis S. 1821-1828

„… Optimization of product quality and manufacturing processes in real-time with vibration analysis …” „… flanks at an early stage to avoid high reworking costs. Real-time monitoring of the production process …” „… based on vibration analysis is one effective method. This paper describes challenges in real-time …”

D. Meyering, C. Hussmann Smart Gearboxes for a Sustainable and Reliable Industry S. 645-658

„… real load cases of some industry fields can be specified more accurate. To obtain a well utilized and …” „… reliable gearbox, the real loads during operation must fit to the presumed load cases. These load cases are …” „… effort is put into a design that is resource-saving, sustainable and at the same time offering the …”

B. Devaux, C. Hamon, S. Montani Evaluation of specialty polymer performances in gear applications and the bias between modeling and testing approaches S. 1515-1532

„… model which computes the evolution of the tooth wear with time. The wear energy density is here …” „… the nominal dimensions of the gear to the ones related to the real gear dimensions (extracted from 3D …” „… scans on real molded parts).VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 202315162. Experimental measurement of the gear …”

L. Binanzer, L. Merkle, M. Dazer, A. Nicola Pitting Detection for Prognostics and Health Management in Gearbox Applications S. 97-108

„… time keep the power output constant [1]. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023982. Fundamentals Many drive …” „… time-consuming repair work. This particularly applies to large gearboxes and appli-cations in remote locations …” „… that time, so they can with-stand a higher load. Thus, the other teeth on the circumference compensate …”

M. Reichl, P. Lenz, A. Oliva Challenges and possibilities of virtual development of e-axle transmissions S. 485-498

„… geometries and kinematics with the required real times.In the following paper an SPH-based simulation method …” „… Fähigkeiten dieses Verfahrens aufgezeigt und die Ergebnisse an einer realen Anwendung im Detail diskutiert.Im …” „… increasing. The number of prototypes must be reduced, since test bench times are expensive and limited …”

T. Jagiella, S. Haller, J. Lechner, T. Rung, M. Wöppermann, B. Zeeb Building a software toolchain for automated mass-customization of specific end-use gear unit parts using AM-driven design guidelines S. 1607-1616

„… simulating real-world application.4. Approach and software functionality The software leverages several …” „… cost, this also leads to shorter manufacturing time because less material needs to be fused during the …” „… support structures.Automation of design and print preparation leads to time savings in CAD-design …”

T. König, L. Cadau, L. Steidle, M. Kley, D. Cansu Güney, J. Albrecht, K. Weber A concept for comparison of new and aged lubricants in transmissions of electric vehicles and a method of oil aging on a test rig S. 1195-1206

„… distinguishes itself by describing a concept for the real-time aging of lubricants in a transmission …” „… deteriorate with increasing operating time. Zeng et al. analyzed the performance degradation of used …” „… as well as the enrichment of acidic substances and insoluble wear debris, occur over time in its …”

K. Lübke, K. Stein Quality inspection of special geometries measured with computed tomography – Evaluation of involute cylindrical gears according to ISO 1328-1 S. 1787-1802

„… tasks like profile, helix and pitch measurements. According to a measurement on a real cmm the surface …” „… one hand computed tomography is known for increased measurement times and issues related to …” „… working with a real part on a cmm. The stylus is a virtual one with a probe diameter equal to zero. With …”

U. Kissling Impact of manufacturing deviations on the NVH behavior of modern gear design concepts S. 367-382

„… to ensure that the real gears perform as designed, will restrict manufacturing deviations as much as …” „… . This increases cycle times and therefore manufacturing costs. This begs the question whether the …” „… required high quality actually produces any real improvements or whether, for example, a well-sized profile …”

C. M. C. G. Fernandes, J. M. A. Pinto, D. E. P. Gonçalves, A. R. Silva Reduction of root and flank temperature using a hybrid polymer-metal rack S. 1547-1562

„… realen Zahnradanwendungen nachahmen, waren sie nützlich, um Materialien zu charakterisieren, Modelle zu …” „… don’t mimic real gear applications they were useful to characterize materials, validate models and …” „… reference rack was achieved, but the VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 20231548testing conditions barely replicate real …”

F. Concli, M. N. Mastrone Latest advancements in the lubrication simulations of geared systems: a technology ready for industrial applications S. 499-518

„… , the real challenge is not anymore to have only time-efficient models for predicting the power …” „… different design solutions already during the design stage can pave the way to a real transition to a …” „… application to real gearboxes is still hurting with the industrial practice. Moreover, new phenomena related …”

S. Matkovič, D. Šeruga, M. Nagode, M. Kalin Prediction of tooth root fatigue failure of polymer gears for dry and oil lubricated contact and its comparison to experimentally obtained results S. 1301-1318

„… bench devices employing gear meshing under controlled parameters, is time- and cost-inefficient. The …” „… reason behind time inefficiency is the length of tests that needs to be performed in order to …” „… thermoplastics is more than 100-times lower, the existing standards and norms cannot be applied for polymer gear …”

T. Kleiber, B. Neubauer Advancing to The Next Level – Cost Efficient Roll-Inspection: Back from End-of-Line NVH to Skiving Process S. 1591-1606

„… is low cycle time – a well-established advantage across the global gear industry. An additional …” „… advantage of 2FI provides standard data in time domain and order analysis in frequency domain. However …” „… machine invest and higher cycle times and difficulties in availability at gear manufacturers. Another …”

H. Yakaria Securing the Quality Chain by the Networking with the Gear Suppliers S. 1617-1630

„… , real-time updates, and prompt responsiveness to errors or user requests. These requirements can be fulfilled …” „… performance. By providing real-time data and insights, it enables ZF and suppliers to identify areas for …” „… development. The wealth of quality data collected throughout the production time holds immense potential to …”

A. Hilligardt, V. Schulze Gear Skiving with Minimum Twist Errors S. 1749-1764

„… efficiency and material utilization. At the same time, the limited space available for mobile applications …” „… in the production of internal gears. For example, main times of only 10 seconds can be achieved for …” „… the width of the workpiece, different center distances are present at the time of workpiece tooth tip …”

J. Zheng, D. Qin, C. Liu A Novel Dynamic Modeling Method of High-Speed Thin-Rimmed Gear Transmission S. 1279-1286

„… dynamics modeling process is shown in Fig. 2. First, in the meshing force calculation model, the real …” „… accelerationRotational effectsTime-varying meshing stiffnessAscertaining the length of meshing lineInertia …” „… , 20231282AmplitudeAmplitudeFrequency(Hz)Time(s)Time and frequency domain diagram comparison of experiment …”

Y. Koch, E. Kirchner, J. Hirschmann Measuring Instantaneous Angular Speed using a Gear Wheel as Material Measure to detect Pitting Damage during an Endurance Test S. 81-96

„… artificial tooth flank damage. Therefore, this contribution focuses on real fatigue pitting damage. A …” „… signals of the MR sensors (MR Pos 3, MR Pos 4, MR Z1, MR Z3, MR B) are time-synchronous recorded with an …” „… shown in Table 1. During the endurance test, endoscopies are carried out at several times to document …”

B. Karba, N. Yildirim Backlash optimization via compatible gear couples on the assembly lines for planetary gearboxes S. 1147-1158

„… installation parameters• Estimating time-varying (one cycle rotation) operating backlash• Determining center …” „… time-varying backlash and constant backlash. The dynamic backlash (time-varying) occurs during meshing effects …” „… ) for each tooth to understand behavior of gears time-varying and/or time-independent. Case study for …”

A. I. Aydeniz Modelling and Analysis of the Effect of Root Modification on Load Sharing and Stress Values on Spur Gears S. 1039-1062

„… represented. 1. Introduction Studies on gear modeling have been going on for a long time. The main purpose of …” „… that occur as a result of these loads, and to determine the dynamic effect. In a real gear mechanism …” „… defects. Therefore, to create a real model, a very complex spatial model is required. Assuming that the …”

S. Ebrahimi, U. Kissling, C. S. Matkovič Evaluation of the NVH Characteristics of Gear Drives with Plastic Gears by the Forced Response Analysis S. 1403-1418

„… time-varying gear meshing stiffness are very sensitive to the damping value of the gear mesh. Mainly three …” „… time-varying damping. In this context, a non-linear damping model with backlash and under no lubrication …” „… pair of low contact ratio spur gears with a time-varying meshing viscous damping with the inclusion of …”

C. Karampatzakis, A. Mihailidis, A. Mantzaflaris, C. Provatidis Contact simulation of tooth flanks using Isogeometric Analysis S. 413-428

„… affects both the accuracy of the results as well as the computational time and resources required. In FE …” „… as half-spaces of constant curvature. This is almost never the case in real-world applications, but …” „… ] offers a compromise between solution time and accura-cy of results. This method approximates one of the …”

U. Cihak-Bayr, T. Wopelka, C. Wintersteiger Effect of LOL conditions under high velocity and high injection temperatures S. 763-778

„… Umfangsgeschwindigkeit bei konstantem Schlupf – auf die Zeit bis zum Versagen (time of failure TOF). Eine Superfinish …” „… on the time of failure (TOF). Frictional energy increased with pressure and with entrainment velocity …” „… of time or decrease at high rotational engine speeds according to the engine characteristics. The …”

L. Klee, T. Bergs, M. Solf, J. Brimmers Binder Jetting in Gears – Process Design and Tooth Bending Strength for Gears made of 17-4PH S. 1665-1680

„… the results verifies the suitability of BJT in gear production for the first time [16]. A pressed and …” „… ambient temperature to the curing temperature TC = 200 °C over a defined period of time tR (ramp time …” „… holding time tH. The process times in the oven can be calculated by the amount of binder used during …”

L. Bonaiti, M. Monti, C. Gorla, M. Geitner, T. Tobie, K. Stahl The consequences of different methodologies for the elaboration of pulsator test results with respect to the load spectrum assessment of gears S. 33-52

„… Festigkeitseigenschaften weitere Effekte aus dem realen Betrieb von Getrieben im Rahmen der praktischen Zahnradauslegung …” „… zwischen dem Pulsatorversuch und dem realen Zahnradeingriff im Lauf berücksichtigt werden. Die vorliegende …” „… verdeutlichen. Die Bewertung basiert auf einer tatsächlichen Lastkollektivmessung unter realen …”

J. König, M. Obermayr, T. Klein Digitalization of the Gear Development Process – Chances, Benefits and Risks S. 1017-1026

„… scarcity of computers, particularly until the 1990s, posed significant challenges. Computing time was …” „… first time through adjustments in product development should be integrated into an interrelated model …” „… , primarily through virtual validation of real-world products. Further, this project serves as an enabler for …”

P. Romio Spur Gear Teeth Reconstruction via Direct Laser Deposition S. 1641-1664

„… FZG-Getriebes unter realem Betrieb zu bewerten. Diese Arbeit beschreibt die Strategie zur Wiederherstellung …” „… study intents to evaluate how this particular combination of materials would perform under real …” „… Deposition track overlap 0.30 Perimeter-core idle time 10 s Inter-layer idle time 27 s Carrier gas 4.0 l/min …”

A. F. İnceel, B. Özkan, B. Karba, M. Vardar A study on the efficiency prediction of a gear bearing drive by means of mathematical modelling S. 1135-1146

„… relevant schematic diagram is depicted in Fig. 2. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023 1137Fig. 3: Real torques in …” „… possibility to see the selected transmission ratio and efficiency at the same time with the input power …” „… the tooth flank based real mesh characteristics. - Design and performance analysis will be conducted …”

J. Lohmiller, F. Dobler, M. Wöppermann Investigating different nodular graphite irons for the application of gears – a step towards standardization by using reasonable quality criteria S. 1731-1748

„… heat-treated under real industrial conditions. In doing so, the tension-compression fatigue strength Sf,tc was …” „… nodular cast iron, the test gears were prepared using real components of planetary gear units. Due to the …” „… prepared from planetary carriers, which were cast and heat-treated under real industrial conditions similar …”

M. Ruzek, R. Brun, F. Ville, P. Velex, Y. Marchesse On the reduction of windage power losses in gears by the modification of tooth geometry S. 785-800

„… dimension is 3 times the tooth width. Because of the problem symmetry, only one-half of the real tooth width …” „… , 10-11]. The radial dimension of the domain is taken as 15 times the tooth height, while the axial …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XXVIII

„… real-time with vibration analysis 1821S. Moschkau, S. Held, Schaeffler Digital Solutions GmbH, Chemnitz …” „… quality and the time- and cost-benefit ratio.www.vdi.euPreflight Lx3 am August 30, 2023 | 15:31:04 | 148 …” „… : AnalysisA comparison of time and frequency domain approaches for NVH 583J. Langhart, S. Ebrahimi, KISSsoft …”

B.-R. Höhn, Y. Zhang, M. Geitner, M. Otto Efficiency-improvement with low-loss-gears by two different application S. 13-18

„… this type is characterized by a high efficiency as the value of losses of type I is six times higher …” „… real design the value of = 1,05 can be increased for quieter gears (losses become higher!) or helix …”

E. Virtanen, M. Kanerva, G. Szanti Fatigue testing of large sized bevel gears S. 897-906

„… fatigue criteria do exist, they are demanding to calculate or produce unrealistic results compared to real …” „… against lubrication failures. At the same time, due to an unrelated incident with the test rig, the oil …”

L. Amar Review of the definition of the loads for spur and helical gears in standards and handbooks S. 301-314

„… efficiency (by avoiding errors due to misunderstandings, cost and lead times reduction, improved …” „… perspective of the pinion or the gear (see Fig. 7). It does not have a real physical significance and does not …”

J. Zhang, B. Shaw, A. Hammer, I. Sewell Effects of Surface Engineering on the Efficiency of Involute Helical Gears – An Experimental Investigation S. 995-1016

„… real gear meshes when running at no load, EHD and boundary lubrication conditions. The authors also …” „… from spur gears [4], testing helical gears would be more representative to many real applications …” „… test stage. There were 3 phases for each stage. The total running time for an efficiency test was 14.25 …”

J. Lövenich, M. Zalfen, D. Mevissen, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher Crack growth based tooth root life prediction model – an influence quantity analysis S. 109-124

„… 106 and AGMA up to 107 load cycles which is far less than the expected life-time of turbo gearbox …” „… , however, the real scatter of the influencing variables is determined in a comprehensive material …” „… increases the electric resistance [20]. Thus, the change in crack length over time can be determined. The …”

G. Devaraj Vibration reduction of planetary gear drive using mesh phasing: modelling and experimental validation S. 157-174

„… following application case (see Figure 5) concerns a real-life manufactured planetary e-drive set-up on a …” „… section 3.2. Figure 13 shows a short time Fourier transform of a run-up signal collected at one …”

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A Modular and Scalable Software Reference Architecture for Decentralized Real-Time Execution on Edge Computing

Volkan Gezer

Series: Informatik/ Kommunikation

Volume 874 2021

Results in this title

State of the Art S. 11-54

„… its goals. Sec. 2.2 moves into Real‐Time Computing domain, which the thesis aims to connect with Edge …” „… Computing. It also explains its challenges (Sec. 2.2.1) and how the scheduling works on real‐time operating …” „… related work, CM does not target controlling the factories remotely or performing real‐time computations …”

Bibliography S. 129-152

„… 91] Audsley, N. C.; Burns, A.; Richardson, M. F.; Wellings, A. J.: Hard Real‐Time Schedul‐ ing: The …” „… (Teil 2) (Distinctness of Reaction ‐ A Method for the Evaluation of Real‐Time Systems (Part 2 …” „… Oh; Son, S. H.: New strategies for assigning real‐time tasks to multiprocessor systems. IEEE …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XIV

„… Decentralized Real-Time Execution on Edge Computing M.Sc. Volkan Gezer, Kaiserslautern BAND 1|1 VOLUME …” „… Real‐Time Execution on Edge Computing Dem Fachbereich Maschinenbau und Verfahrenstechnik der Technischen …” „… Scalable Software Reference Architecture for Decentralized Real-Time Execution on Edge Computing …”

Introduction S. 1-10

„… for CPS is an effective, reliable, accurate and real‐time control. In IoT, however, the goal is better …” „… dependency of the systems to the Internet, making real‐ time computation and real‐time control possible, even …” „… communication, whereas solid arrows are real‐ time capable connections. The aim is to execute tasks requested by …”

Conclusion and Outlook S. 116-128

„… architecture for the Edge Servers in the Edge Computing domain, to handle real‐time task requests, and execute …” „… ‐ ments of Edge Computing. Later, it moved to the real‐time computing domain where the thesis is mostly …” „… focused on. It defined the real‐time term, listed its challenges, problems, and how they can be overcome …”

Software Reference Architecture S. 65-82

„… Edge Servers to put Edge Computing benefits such as real‐time execution, self‐configuration …” „… figure, Edge Servers have direct ac‐ cess to the End Devices or each other using real‐time communication …” „… due to the behaviour of Cloud Computing, whereas solid ar‐ rows show real‐time capable communications …”

Implementation and Validation S. 83-115

„… Computing domain. The presented architecture enables execution of real‐time tasks in a scalable, extensible …” „… created framework is later validated with two complex scenarios. This frame‐ work is called Real‐Time Edge …” „… these concepts are realized in an exemplary framework called Real‐Time Edge Frame‐ work (RTEF). The RTEF …”

Scheduling and Decision Making Methodology S. 55-64

„… Cloud Computing, Edge Computing and Real‐ Time Computing were clarified and the state‐of‐the‐art …” „… real‐time proven. Assuming that the service types are periodic and that they satisfy the requirements by Liu …” „… , Least Slack Time (LST) (Sec. 2.2.2) can be used. However, LST cannot optimally schedule non‐resumable …”

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AgEng LAND.TECHNIK 2022

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2406 2022

Results in this title

J. A. Diaz-Olivares, A. van-Nuenen, B. Aernouts, I. Adriaens, W. Saeys Near-infrared spectroscopic sensor system for milk composition analysis: an on-farm real-time application S. 93-100

„… Near-infrared spectroscopic sensor system for milk composition analysis: an on-farm real-time …” „… prediction performance. In this work, we present and evaluate an accurate analyzer for the on-farm, real-time …” „… transmittance mode was presented and evaluated [13]. The analyzer was validated in a real-time implementation …”

A. Panambilly, P. Schade Smart Constituent Sensing using HarvestLabTM 3000 – An innovative NIR based Constituent Sensing solution S. 335-342

„… approach for real time constituent sensing in Agriculture. Owing to their unique position in various …” „… the reliability of predictions from an NIR constituent sensor in real time during in field operations …” „… indicate that the model can predict constituents with an acceptable margin of error. 2. Real time Grain …”

H.-J. Seo, S.-W. Lee, I.-H. Seo Monitoring of worker’s particulate matter exposure concentration in broiler houses – Analysis of the characteristics of worker exposure to particulate matter in broiler houses S. 327-334

„… openings. PM concentration and particle size monitoring by animal activity was measured using real-time …” „… determine the real-time exposure concentration of PM of the worker, the PM concentration was measured at 6 …” „… second intervals using a real-time suspended dust measuring device by particle size along the workflow of …”

S. Dieckmeyer, M. Schröder An interactive solution to calibrate loss sensors of a combine harvester S. 25-30

„… harvesting time, because of climate change consequences, less farmers per cultivated area and market pressure …” „… time by maintaining a good harvesting quality. Therefor several inventions are made to increase the …” „… . This leads to the need of a statistical calculation which estimates to the real losses. On the other …”

E. Michielan, M. Mattetti Combine harvester – Outlining the combine harvester usage through CANBUS data analysis S. 41-46

„… datalogger and a GNSS receiver were mounted on two combines operating in real world conditions. By analysing …” „… moving activities for 67%, 10% and 10% of the time, respectively. This methodology can help to understand …” „… where time is important, because performing the activities at the right moment could make the difference …”

F. Regler, F. Hausmann, H. Bernhardt, M. Krueger Potential and improvement of maintenance efficiency of agricultural machines by a new digital maintenance assistant S. 419-428

„… supported by new, time- and cost-efficient maintenance and service concepts. In an online survey on current …” „… routine and 22.7 % maintain when there is time. 16.2 % maintain their machines according to their instinct …” „… farms to prove the usability in real life farm operation. Presentation Topic: Precision Agriculture …”

D. Janke, M. Bornwin, T. Amon, B. Amon, K. Coorevits, P. v. Overbeke, A. Declerck, P. Demeyer Development and validation of a low-cost online monitoring tool to manage barn climate and emissions from livestock housing systems S. 203-210

„… proper trend monitoring system, which can be used for real-time monitoring purposes. Introduction The …” „… considered suitable as a proper trend monitoring system for ammonia, which can be used for real-time …” „… space and time. Hence, usually costly measurement devices and measurement procedures are applied …”

H. Burkhardt Simulation environment for the development of intelligent algorithms for agricultural applications S. 131-134

„… environment, a real-time execution of the model and the calculation of the sensor data are required. These …” „… real controller hardware in the form of data streams using suitable interfaces. In this way, algorithms …” „… phase under real conditions can be reduced considerably. Introduction Characterized by smart farming …”

N. Schmid, J. Audenaert, F. Reinmuth, S. Kuebler, P. Breunig The role of business model innovation in the context of site-specific weed management – Unveil adoption preference drivers and the impact of Business Model Innovation in the context of site-specific w... S. 275-282

„… savings can be unlocked, the implementation of real-time weed sensing and spot spraying of herbicides …” „… enabled in-season real time weed sensing and treatment [4]. Publications quantifying the economic and …” „… innovations, such as real-time weed sensing with spot spraying, require rethinking of existing mechanisms to …”

L. Wenzel, T. Stein, H. J. Meyer Automatic onboard process and worktype identification of agricultural machinery with Edge Devices S. 403-410

„… trained with pre-recorded data. Evaluation shows a hit rate over 80 % for a correct time corridor and …” „… of the farm. But at the same time, fully comprehensive documentation is time-consuming and thus also …” „… a cost factor. This time required can be significantly reduced by partially or fully automated …”

M. Agrusti, M. Ceccarelli, M. Bovo, S. Benni, A. Barbaresi, E. Santolini, D. Torreggiani, P. Tassinari Assessment of milk yield loss induced by heat stress in dairy cows – Researching the sustainability and the animal welfare S. 75-84

„… models for forecasting production trends. The availability of data recorded in real time about the …” „… , continuous and real-time monitoring of the animals and the barn's environmental parameters contributes to an …” „… Animal Agriculture: Application of Real-Time Sensors to Improve Animal Well-Being and Production.,” Annu …”

A. van Dueren den Hollander Intra row weeding in sugar beets with the use of Artificial Intelligence – From theory to practice S. 267-274

„… existing Windows based hardware was not able to perform real time inferencing of the provided images. This …” „… and find the bounding box coordinates. A study was done to potential solutions for real time …” „… however have the same start time for emerging. This can sometimes cause the cultivated crop to be similar …”

N. Katsoulas, S. Faliagka, A. Bari, Y. Naounoulis Precimed: a simulation model for nutrient uptake prediction of a hydroponic cucumber crop grown in the Mediterranean region S. 101-106

„… composition of the nutrient solution changes about two to three times during the growth period. Keywords …” „… will increase by 60% [1]. At the same time, it is estimated that in 2050 food production will increase …” „… crop’s nutrient uptake. The daily cumulative thermal time (CTTi) results from the addition of the thermal …”

L. Brinkschulte, S. Antoni The best of two worlds: Spray boom control with hydropneumatic suspension technology S. 291-298

„… . In 2022, the prices for crop protection agents have reached an all-time high [1]. Politicians …” „… spray nozzles and the plant canopy. At the same time, these systems must be as independent as possible …” „… model-based development approaches, experiments on a test rig and real field tests. For more information, see …”

S.-W. Lee, I.-H. Seo Evaluation of particulate matter concentrations by crop cultivation in reclaimed land – Reduction of particulate matter by crop cultivation S. 533-540

„… area for real-time weather observation of the target area. Since particulate matter is measured in the …” „… particles for each time period in real time at the generation point and the measurement point. To monitor …” „… monitoring of particulate matter, it was necessary to set the main wind direction according to time. To set …”

A. Barbaresi, M. Ceccarelli, M. Bovo, M. Agrusti, E. Santolini, D. Torreggiani, P. Tassinari, G. Menichetti Machine Learning Models for Predictions of Thermal Energy Need in Farm Buildings S. 477-484

„… residential units. Consequently, the reduction of computational time is becoming an essential requirement. An …” „… important advancement in the reduction of computational time could come from the application of machine …” „… times faster than classical energy simulations. Moreover, the research tries to overcome the classical …”

S. Dekkers, W. Saeys, B. Missotten Assessment of cutting quality on a combine harvester header using optical flow – Relation between velocity drop over knife and stubble height variation S. 165-172

„… time span. To obtain interpretable results, the flow fields were converted into real scene crop …” „… camera and to calculate the image-to-real-world ratio for conversion of distance in pixels into a real …” „… optical flow algorithm is less time consuming and labour intensive than the traditional stubble height …”

J. Henningsen, C. Schroth Challenges and potential of NIR sensors to simplify the generation of nitrogen flow balances – Digital mapping of nitrogen cycles S. 1-8

„… fluctuations can be recorded in real time with NIR sensors, thus also improving the fertilizer application …” „… harvested crop is of particular interest and this can also be recorded in real time with NIR sensors. 2.2 …” „… relevant files in terms of nitrogen were not available for the defined time frame. The lack of data quality …”

D. Tyris, P. Panagakis, D. Manolakos, A. Gkountas, P. Bakalis A dynamic heat pump model for precise environment control of a broiler house in Northern Greece S. 485-492

„… developed model accurately calculates the real time behavior of the broiler house in a predefined time step …” „… achieving maximum flock performance and optimal growth rate, while at the same time ensuring health and …” „… operating time of each heat pump. The study showed that the energy necessary to cover total loads during …”

N. Katsoulas, M. Aslanidou, A. Elvanidi, A. Mourantian, E. Levizo, V. Vassiliadis, E. Mente Simulation of Ca2+ and K+ concentrations in the nutrient solution of an aquaponic system S. 469-476

„… equation that expresses their concentration in the fish tank and at the same time their concentration at …” „… , the input of the real concentration in the fish tank and in the solution imposed in the hydroponic …” „… of concentration of the nutrients on time. Then the concentration of the nutrients in the drainage …”

F. Regler, K. Ziegler, H. Bernhardt, T. Förster, K. Hemmert, C. Koch, H. Sauerwein Closing data-gaps between calves and cows – Conceptualization of a specified sensor system for data acquisition in calf and heifer husbandry S. 387-396

„… cattle is getting more common for adult dairy cows but is infrequent during the rearing time of calves …” „… feeding-station. Besides the amount of intake, different activity, time, weight, and temperature data is collected …” „… time of calves and heifers, even though that time is forming the foundation for the later condition and …”

E. Thiessen, M. Eslamifar, R. Kock, E. Hartung, P. Lausen On Farm Validation of different NIR Sensors for Manure Sensing S. 9-16

„… they perform under real field conditions? VDI-Berichte Nr. 2406, 2022 9This question is addressed by …” „… with a part of the stirred-up subsample and each tube measured three times. Data analysis For the …” „… were described by the calculation of the standard deviation over that time. For the NMR measurement the …”

A. Tempelaere, H. Minh Phan, T. Van De Looverbosch, P. Verboven, B. Nicolai Non-destructive internal disorder detection in pear fruit using X-ray radiographs and deep learning S. 517-524

„… Ir. A. Tempelaere, KU Leuven MeBioS, Belgium; M.Sc. Hoang Minh Phan, Dr. Tim Van De Looverbosch, Dr …” „… cavities were generated. Also, real CT data of 22 more real healthy pears, collected by the medical CT …” „… the predictions. In Figure 1, examples are given for one healthy pear and three defect pears (one real …”

J. Schemminger, Sharvari Raut, B. Sturm, Albrecht Daniel, Thijs Defraeye A digital shadow to study the convective drying of carrot slices S. 155-164

„… , they provide real-time insights about what is happening during drying [2]. A digital twin is …” „… shadow provides the water activity as a metric for decision making during the process: drying time can be …” „… . By doing so, metrics for decision making can be made accessible in order to reduce drying time and …”

N. Katsoulas, C. Baxevanou, D. Feidaros Optimal design of a hybrid power generation system for greenhouses S. 53-60

„… (PV+WT+DG+batteries) are optimised for two technologies of existing greenhouses with different time profiles of energy …” „… . 2. Methodology For the optimisation of a hybrid power system including RES two time-series should be …” „… known: a) the time-series of the power demand and b) the time-series of the available RES potential (in …”

M. Messieux, D. Touze, R. Guillaud, O. Bensehila, O. Marchand, S. Foroushani, L. Wannasek, T. Amon Conversion of a diesel farm tractor to run on bioCNG – Adapted in-use livestock farm tractor for biomethane S. 253-258

„… livestock farm will follow this work to monitor the bioCNG tractor in real usage. The work reported in …” „… Innovation Farm [4] near Potsdam, Germany. It will be monitored and tested in real conditions of duty for two …” „… the real tractor usage over a 2 year-period. Exhaust, catalyst and particulates filter The exhaust …”

R. R. Shamshiri, C. Weltzien, I. Zytoon, B. Sakal Evaluation of Laser and Infrared Sensors with CANBUS Communication for Collision Avoidance of a Mobile Robot S. 121-130

„… simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithms have been widely used for real-time collision avoidance …” „… challenges, advanced perception solutions such as LiDARs (Figure 2.a), multiple Time-of-Flight (ToF) sensor …” „… based on the ToF principle, which calculates the time that a light wave travels from a source to the …”

D. H. Basavegowda, C. Weltzien High Nature Value grassland identification using deep learning S. 375-380

„… model based on the EfficientDet architecture [9] to develop a real-time detection model of higher …” „… dataset. The data include (i) time series of proximal images acquired in the greenhouse and (ii) UAV …” „… , M. Förster, Grassland habitat mapping by intra-annual time series analysis–Comparison of RapidEye …”

S. Gros-Hardt, H. Korte Smart Traction – Design And Experimental Set up of a Track and Traction-Regulated Caterpillar-Track Chassis for Agricultural Tractor-Trailer Combinations S. 589-594

„… , resources such as personnel and time are limited. As a result, experiments must be carried out under limited …” „… statistical evaluation. At the same time, this enables a more efficient experimental design. When selecting …” „… this period therefore only represent real use to a limited extent. Nevertheless, tests currently are …”

S. Kubinski, T. Meinel Methodology for the development of a plant detection system based on mechanical properties of crops using the example of corn – Contribution to the cost-effective enabling of plant-individual care mea... S. 135-140

„… are then replacing the real plants on the test rig shown in Figure 2. A year-round and economic …” „… plants can be used for a longer period of time compared to growing plants. Transfer of the determined …” „… plants are designed, which can be used throughout the year and several times to test the sensor. In order …”

M. Altaleb, J. Hertzberg, H. Deeken, B. Wrenger Analysis of Combine Harvester Threshing Systems Across Different Climate Regions S. 17-24

„… variables are continuous and measure a real behaviour of the machine in a real environment. Therefore, it is …” „… independence between the logged measurements, especially with time series, is hard to prove because the data …”

B. Amon, F. Dragoni, X. Diaz de Otalora, G. Cinar, V. Anestis, T. Bartzanas “MilKey” and “MELS”: the role of information and communication technologies in mitigating emissions and increasing sustainability of livestock systems – Information and communication technologies and ... S. 299-304

„… , including i) real-time monitoring of animal health and welfare, ii) monitoring and modelling of barn and …”

M. Schmidt AI-Based Tillage Job Quality Assessment for Advanced Machine Automation in Agriculture S. 567-572

„… , E. et al.: ERFNet: Efficient Residual Factorized ConvNet for Real-Time Se-mantic Segmentation: IEEE …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XXII

„… sensor system for milk composition analysis: an on-farm real-time application …”

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Automation 2019

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2351 2019

Results in this title

J. Elsner, R. Mueller, S. Thümmel Flooded Edge Gateways – Real-Time Aggregation of High-Density Data Using Complex Event Processing and Machine Learning S. 719-730

„… Flooded Edge Gateways Real-Time Aggregation of High-Density Data Using Complex Event Processing …” „… in real-time by means of cloud platforms cannot be guaranteed anymore. Approaches of Edge Computing …” „… and technologies. A special focus are technologies or frameworks that cover the real-time aspect of …”

S. Malakuti, J. Schlake, C. Ganz, K. E. Harper, H. Petersen Digital Twin: An Enabler for New Business Models S. 807-820

„… . Examples scenarios are: Information exchange across the value chain, real-time simulation of production …” „… models of real-world assets. The digital twin definition has been enriched over the time to be an …” „… . These models are typically less complex since they must run in real time within the storage and …”

A. Elkhashap, D. Abel, R. Meier Modelling and Control of a Continuous Vibrated Fluidized Bed Dryer in Pharmaceutical Production S. 159-174

„… controller) ensuring a real-time monitoring of the process CQAs. Moreover, such models have other technical …” „… time and to increase the flexibility of tablet production, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA …” „… drying process has shown a good match to the real process with a maximum of 1.18% prediction standard …”

Y. Zhou, M. Allmaras, A. Massalimova, T. Schenk, A. Sohr, J. C. Wehrstedt Assist System Framework for Production Priorization – Flexible Architecture to integrate Simulation in Run-Time Environment S. 27-40

„… . Kim, „A real-time scheduling mechanism for a flexible manufacturing system: Using simulation and …” „… ] „Simulation-based real-time scheduling: review of recent developments - IEEE Conference Publication“. [Online …” „… Simulation in Run-Time Environment Dr. Yayun Zhou, Dr. Moritz Allmaras, Aidana Massalimova, Tim Schenk …”

M. Klein, B. Maschler, A. Zeller, B. Ashtari Talkhestani, N. Jazdi, M. Weyrich, R. Rosen Architektur und Technologiekomponenten eines digitalen Zwillings S. 89-102

„… Systems: Design Challenges, 11th IEEE International Symposium on Object Oriented Real-Time Distributed …” „… kontinuierlichen Synchronisation der verschiedenen digitalen Komponenten eines CPS mit ihren realen Pendants in …” „… aktuellen Zustand des realen Assets konsistent und die Vorteile des digitalen Zwillings können nicht …”

F. Diehm, J. A. Nagel, A. Höpfner, P. Barth Bedarfsgerechte Ablaufsteuerung in einem energieautarken Sensor S. 1071-1082

„… communication and task scheduling for network-on-chip architectures under real-time constraints. Proceedings …” „… efficient real-time task scheduling for embedded systems with hybrid main memory. 2014 IEEE 20th …” „… International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications. IEEE, Aug. 2014 [6] Liu …”

M. Röhler, J. Berg, G. Reinhart Aufgabenorientierte Konfiguration autonomer Robotersysteme zur industriellen Anwendung von Reinforcement Learning S. 753-766

„… sich daher mit dem Transfer der in einer Simulation trainierten Agenten auf reale Systeme. In [12 …” „… Reibungskoeffizienten innerhalb der Trainingsphase variiert und somit ein direkter Transfer des Agenten auf ein reales …” „… des Systems, welche vom realen System vorgegeben wird bzw. in einer Simulation approximiert wird. Der …”

A. Stutz, M. Maurmaier Dezentralisierte Kommunikationsarchitektur für direkte Modul-Modul-Interaktion auf Basis von standardisierten Konstrukten der VDI/VDE/Namur 2658 S. 343-360

„… ); www.vdi.de/2658 [3] J. Jaspernite; P. Neumann; M. Theis; K. Watson; Deterministic Real-Time Communication …” „… Variable (see WQC) V REAL Value VSclMin REAL Value Scale Low Limit (see ScaleSettings) VSclMax REAL …” „… ) VendorSpecificParameter String - SessionTimeout Time (ja, Default-Konfiguration) MonitorConnection Time (ja …”

T. Schenk, A. Botero Halblaub, R. Rosen, T. Heinzerling, J. Mädler, A. Klose, S. Hensel, L. Urbas, C. Schäfer, S. Bröcker Co-Simulation-based virtual Commissioning for modular process plants – Requirements, Framework and Support-Toolchain for a Virtual Automation Testing Environment S. 229-242

„… commissioning allows testing and validation of automation and control systems before operating the real plant …” „… plant has already been validated. This way it is expected that one of most time-consuming phases in the …” „… can vary significantly from PEA type to PEA type. The several times mentioned interlocks for both …”

D. Sun, S. Willmann, S. Sathananthan, S. Hoch, D. Gamrad, A. Gladisch, E. Simsek, J. Myrzik Deep Auto-encoder-based Approach for Dependability Assessment of Industrial Wireless Network S. 1047-1070

„… Prediction Models for Real-Time Communications[J]. ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications …” „… measurement data recorded from the Multifaces, deep auto-encoder approaches with time-series consideration and …” „… no time-series consideration are analyzed to show the results of dimension reduction. Kurzfassung …”

M. Graube, S. Hensel, C. P. Iatrou, A. Klose, J. Mädler, L. Urbas Rezeptgetriebene Prozessführung in modularen Anlagen – Konzepte und Erfahrungen aus dem P2O-Lab Dresden S. 255-268

„… . können als Konfigurationsparameter ausgelegt sein. Timer ist ein einfacher self-completing Service …” „… kann es beispielsweise mehrere Instanzen eines Timers geben. In der Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstelle des …” „… POL können virtuelle Dienste ähnlich wie reale Dienste dargestellt werden, z.B. gruppiert in einem …”

T. Gamer, B. Kloepper, M. Hoernicke, V. Biagini, M. Subasic, C. Gross Autonome Systeme – Eine Industrie-Sicht auf Autonomie – Anwendung einer Taxonomie auf eine autonome Anlage S. 705-718

„… requirements such as high availability and bandwidth, low latency and jitter, or real-time capabilities. 5G is …” „… levels has been introduced first in a previous paper [7], which also gives some real examples for the …” „… system takes control occasionally, typically on request of human operator and for a limited time period …”

M. Oppelt Nutzung von rigorosen Modellen für Simulation und Optimierung des laufenden Anlagenbetriebs S. 423-436

„… zumindest eine Gruppe von Spaltöfen. Diese Real-Time-Optimierung (RTO) kann auch weitere Eingangsgrößen wie …” „… . Virtual multisensor for real-time measurement of key cracking furnace operational values …” „… , dessen Ziel es vor allem ist, ein System besser zu verstehen, um damit Rückschlüsse auf das reale System …”

J. Ohms, M. Böhm, D. Wermser, M. Meier, D. Schulze, M. Riedl Flexible Konfiguration von TSN für industrielle Kommunikationsnetze S. 1013-1024

„… für aktuell verfügbare industrielle Lösungen in Form von PROFINET IRT (Isochronous Real-Time …” „… Kommunikationsanforderungen in der Serie von Spezifikationen, die unter Time-Sensitive Networks (TSN) zusammengefasst werden …” „… Bridging Task Group entstandene Time-Sensitive Networking Task Group (IEEE 802.1 [1]) entwickelt Standards …”

M. Blumenstein, A. Stutz, M. Maurmaier Rollenbasierte Entwurfsmethodik für modulare Anlagen auf Basis von sogenannten Super-Services S. 197-214

„… Time-to-Market drastisch reduziert werden kann. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2351, 2019 197 Dieses schnelle und …” „… die reale Topologie abweichen. Auch hier ein Beispiel zur Veranschaulichung. Der Anlagenbau kennt …” „… eine Real-Topologie gemäß der Schema-Topologie umzusetzen. Eher bekannt aus dem Kraftwerksbau gibt es …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XVIII

„… , Ladenburg Flooded Edge Gateways – Real-Time Aggregation of High-Density Data Using Complex Event …” „… Simulation in Run-Time Environment …” „… Warmwalzprozesses für Draht und Stabstahl am Beispiel eines realen Walzwerks – Details zur Modellierung und …”

R. Pugliese, T. Konrad, R. Zweigel, D. Abel, A. Kluge-Wilkes, R. H. Schmitt Automatische Multikopter-basierte Indoor-Inspektion großer Oberflächen – Vorstellung der Systemelemente eines zerstörungsfreien Inspektionssystems für die Oberflächeninspektion von Flugzeugen nach Bli... S. 767-780

„… Applications., Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2008. [5] O. Khatib, „Real-time obstacle avoidance for …” „… unter realen Bedingungen zu niedrig zur verzögerungsfreien Übertragung der LiDAR-Daten. Daher ist als …” „… der Defect-Map werden ein Modell des realen Flugzeugs und der mit Messtechnik bestückte Multikopter in …”

C. Groß, H. Abuwaik, M. Aleksy Plug & Use von Anwendungen zur Zustands- und Prozessüberwachung im 5G-fähigen Industriellen Internet der Dinge S. 855-866

„… introduces a variety of new features and characteristics that make mobile communication for the first time …” „… battery life time of field devices with a reduced functional complexity. Furthermore, in comparison to …” „… stations, time sensitive networking (TSN) switches). Thereby, the communication between the different field …”

J. Ulmer, J. Wollert, C. Y. Lai, C. Cheng Integration von VR und AR in Produktlebenszyklen – Eine Übersicht über die Nutzung virtueller Technologien im industriellen Umfeld S. 911-930

„… Context, 2003 [76] Vacchetti, L., et al.: A Stable Real-time AR Framework for Training and Planning in …” „… Anlagen im virtuellen Raum getestet, validiert und verbessert werden, bevor ein reales Produkt verfügbar …” „… Trainingsapplikationen können bereits vor Beginn der realen Fertigung genutzt werden, um Zeit und Kosten einzusparen …”

C. P. Iatrou, J. Rahm, M. Graube, L. Urbas Echtzeitfähiger OPC UA Server als Hardware-Peripherie für single chip Rechenplattformen – Konzepte und Entwurfsentscheidung um den OPC UA RT IP Core S. 895-910

„… Ikeda, Masao Horita, und Hideyuki Ishinaka, „The e-RT3 Plus Real-time-OS-based Controller with …” „… Excellent Usability“, E-RT3 Plus Real-Time-OS- Based Controll. Excell. Usability Yokogawa Tech. Rep. Engl …” „… in realen Geräten ist vorgesehen, diese Namensraumdaten in einen dedizierten, nichtflüchtigen …”

W. Maaß, S. Janzen Echtzeit-Optimierung in der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion – Smart-Harvesting-Services und EdgeAI S. 693-704

„… . Estimating crop yields and production by integrating the FAO Crop Specific Water Balance model with real-time …” „… realen Kartoffeln Bild 3: Grafische Nutzeroberfläche der nPotato Farmer domain 3. Technische …” „… reale Umgebung zu erfassen oder zu verändern, z.B. durch Betätigen eines Roboterarms. Obwohl …”

M. Ay, S. Stemmler, D. Abel, M. Schwenzer, T. Bergs Adaptive modellprädiktive Kraftregelung beim Schruppfräsen S. 183-196

„… an einem Bearbeitungszentrum beim Fräsen untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen die realen Probleme in …” „… , 1998 [8] Espinoza, M., Falck, T., Suykens J., De Moor, B.: “Time Series Prediction using LS- SVMs” in …” „… European Symposium on Time Series Prediction, 2008 [9] Cherkassky, V. and Ma, Y.: “Practical selection of …”

S. Schneider, H. Rüschhoff, M. Krauß, J. Birk Mit Automatisierung und Digitalisierung zur autonomen Prozessanlage – Herausforderungen und Lösungen auf dem Weg zur autonomen Prozessanlage in der Praxis S. 437-448

„… , 2019444 Technologien im Bereich Assistenzsysteme: A1: Real-time Optimization (RTO): Modellbasierte …”

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AUTOMATION 2016

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

2016

Results in this title

J. Wollert Security und Echtzeit – Divergierende Anforderungen bei Industrie 4.0 – Security and Real Time – Divergent Requirements on Industry 4.0 S. 11-12

„… Security und Echtzeit – Divergierende Anforderungen bei Industrie 4.0 Security and Real Time …” „… Real Time – Divergent Requirements on Industry 4.0 Prof. Dr.-Ing. J. Wollert, FH-Aachen - LFG …” „… minimization of the reaction times of the automation systems. On the other hand side, the connection of the …”

G. Quirós, M. Gora, J. Neidig, R. Ermler Emulation von SPS auf virtueller Zeitbasis: Eine Voraussetzung für die virtuelle Inbetriebnahme S. 17-18

„… systems requires PLC emulation with a virtual time base. The virtual time guides the internal execution …” „… Simulationsumgebungen werden Risiken (und Kosten) vermieden, die VDI-Berichte 2284, 2016 17 mit realen Versuchen …” „… deutet „hardware-in-the-loop“ (HiL) auf eine Anbindung zwischen der realen Hardwaresteuerung und einer …”

S. Nsaibi, L. Leurs Chancen und Grenzen der Leistungssteigerung von Industrial Ethernet Systemen bei der Verwendung von Ethernet Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) S. 59-60

„… , damit das Standard-Ethernet die höchste Stufe von Echtzeitfähigkeit (Hard Real Time HRT) erreicht …” „… von Ethernet Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) Dipl.-Ing. S. Nsaibi, Prof. Dr.-Ing. L. Leurs …” „… , Bosch Rexroth AG, Lohr am Main Kurzfassung Aktuell wird in der IEEE Standardisierung Time …”

A. Pfoh The attackers can be anywhere – Results of a Honeynet project of a small town German water works – In an eight-month honeynet project, TÜV SÜD recorded over 60,000 attempts to break into a virtual wat... S. 101-102

„… combined real hard- and software with a simulated environment of a smallscale water works. Attacks were …” „… a highinteraction honeynet, which combined real hard- and software with a virtual environment. The …” „… total period of eight months. The first access attempt happened virtually at the same time to its …”

B. Schäfer, T. Engelhardt, D. Abel Automatisierte Befliegung von Windenergieanlagen mit einem Multikopter zu Inspektionszwecken – Multikopter-Prototyp mit 2D-LiDAR für 3D-Mapping und Kollisionsvermeidung sowie Vektorfeld-basierte Pfadf... S. 47-48

„… Multikopter-Prototyp aufgebaut, der mit einem 2D-LiDAR-Sensor und einem GPS-RTK-Empfänger (Real Time Kinematic …” „… hinaus dient ROS als Systemsoftware des Prototypen im realen Betrieb. Der Beitrag geht auf die …”

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ELIV 2024

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2441 2024

Results in this title

D. Simon, T. Wenka Battery-Integrated Multilevel Inverter Technology A Highly Integrated Electric Drivetrain Approach and its Technical Implementation in a Distributed Real-Time System S. 467-476

„… and its Technical Implementation in a Distributed Real-Time System M.Eng. D. Simon, Porsche …” „… vehicle. The overall system is designed as a distributed real-time system and uses semiconductor switches …” „… platform required to control and regulate the distributed real-time system and the further developed …”

S Gowrishankar, KV Muralidhara, M. Ghivari Leveraging AI/ML Techniques in Software Defined Architecture: Towards Emotional Quotient Prediction in Smart Automotive Cabins by Integrating Physiological and Vehicle Data. AI-driven Smart Cabin in S... S. 343-358

„… real time. Due to high computational processing capability of newer micro-processors, it is possible to …” „… performance in real-time by integrating solution in HPC and Zonal ECUs with high-speed data communication …” „… driver’s emotional state in real-time, ensuring safety and enhancing comfort and thus can also be called …”

K. Szelechowicz, K. A. Rösler AI in Traffic: New Dimensions of Vehicle Intelligence New method for optimizing traffic flow through AI-based implementation of real-world traffic data from other road users S. 81-92

„… users in real-time. This not only enhances traffic safety but also lays the foundation for the further …” „… deep learning. By integrating real-time data from sensors, camera images and historical traffic …” „… dynamic braking probabilities and distance behavior in real time, the flow of traffic can be made not only …”

L. Hendrawan, R. Martin, L. Abdelkader State-of-The-Art of Foundation Software for Software-Defined Vehicle S. 133-140

„… real-time requirements, functional safety and security, and also the promise of workload consolidation. 1 …” „… safety-critical systems is the real-time operating system (RTOS). The main difference between real-time operating …” „… real-time requirements executing a critical task. This is possible due to the priority based preemptive …”

T. Liedtke, R. Messnarz TARAs Performed on Different Levels of the Supply Chain – Experiences Based on Real Example ESLF Insights into Applying ISO/SAE 21434:2021 in Automotive Cybersecurity S. 541-552

„… ECUs and connected via a real-time bus. This section explores how OEM-level TARA addresses …” „… communicating according to the real-time communication matrix (supported by standard bus protocols e.g. CAN-FD …” „… TARAs Performed on Different Levels of the Supply Chain – Experiences Based on Real Example ESLF …”

P. Dreiseitel, R. Grewe Quo vadis Vision Zero – Can AI help us to make our vision come true? S. 41-52

„… data for autonomous driving systems without the time and expense of real-world data collection will …” „… behavioral changes of drivers through real-time feedback or personalized risk management which were not …” „… 2024].[19] EMI, Fraunhofer, „Artificial Intelligence for real-time injury prediction,“ [Online]. Available …”

D. Shankar, T. Jose Optimizing Electronics Architecture for the deployment of Convolution Neural Networks using System-Level Modeling S. 257-264

„… , allowing object detection in a single forwardpass through the network, which enhances real-time performance …” „… suitable for real-time applications [5]. These advancements demonstrate the superiority of deep …” „… applications. In scenarios where precision and real-time processing are critical, such as in-flight object …”

F. Schreiner Managing Reuse and Dependencies of Hardware and Software Components in SDV Architectures S. 407-418

„… real parts of the hardware stack, depending on cost, time, resources, and risk considerations. The next …” „… , VDI 2023 [4] Selic, B., Gullekson, G., Ward, P. T.: Real-Time Object-Oriented Modeling. Hamburg, MBSE …” „… fundamental strategy to deal with cost, time, and quality pressure Today, the software-defined vehicle is …”

N. Neis, L. Eisemann, D. Hermann, J. Zhou, L. Toettel From Reality to Simulation: Automatized Transfer and Simulation of Critical Driving Scenarios with Digital Twins S. 453-466

„… that standard Linux kernels arecapable of managing real-time tasks in robotic applications — aligning …” „… einer automatisierten Pipeline von der Datenerfassung in der realen Welt bis zur Simulation kritischer …” „… annotierten Manöverinformatio-nen verwendet, die eine Eins-zu-eins-Simulation realer Situationen ermöglichen …”

T. van Wijk Integration of chargers and the grid How to Improve the Charging Experience of Your Customers by Better Integration with the Electricity Grid S. 483-490

„… real world usage scenarios of smart charging; Fluctuating charging speed test, Intermittent charging …” „… station and if it responds in time according to the maximum time limits. The EV shall adjust its maximum …” „… accurate and in time. It is recommended to take 1 minute for each step to allow the charging speed to …”

L. Eisemann, L. Toettel, T. Watzl, T. K. Rupp, J. Schaper Using Large Language Models to generate critical driving situations for virtual and hybrid ADAS/AD testing S. 265-280

„… reale Aufnahmen eine solide Grundlage für die Erstellung von Simulationen bilden, liegen …” „… real-world observance. While real-world recordings build a solid foundation for identifying critical …” „… time. The presented approach leverages large language models for transforming scenario descriptions …”

P. Reilhac, C. Nowakowski, A. Manila, J. Almeida Immersive In-car AR Live Gaming Enabled by SDV Architecture, ADAS Cameras & AI Software S. 313-326

„… interior,representing the driver and passengers as avatars animated in real-time with body trackingdata. Similar to …” „… real-time video and real-world perception data to the game running onthe mobile device. The roadway becomes …” „… like Real-timeTransport Protocol (RTP) for delivering audio and video over IP networks. Fortunately …”

K. Brand, T. Tang, D. Selvaraj A New Era for Software Verification: Heterogeneous Multicore Compute With Model-Based Design and Virtual ECUs S. 437-452

„… fully synchronous co-simulation interface. Although it is not running in real-time, it is still …” „… vECU reduces turnaround times for function developers, allowing it to scale with the accelerating …” „… development time turnaround for function developers but it also demonstrates the ability to “front-load …”

L. Hettich, J. Stümpfle, M. Weyrich Testing Variant-Rich Software-Defined Mobility Systems Methods, Future Challenges and Innovative Concepts S. 243-256

„… software development cycles generate a multitude of versions for each variant over time, exponentially …” „… ]: While one-time vehicle sales figures will see only marginal growth in the next years, innovative …” „… introduced, resulting in the generation of numerous versions of each variant in space over time, referred to …”

A. Bachmann, A. Matarage Electric vehicles in 2024. Current UX challenges and concepts for the coming decade S. 379-394

„… they have heard or read from other users or industry analysts etc. At the same time, EV technology and …” „… . 2441, 2024380easily understand users. Indeed, if customers get frustrated a couple of times after using …” „… instance, introduced a function specifically to see flight information such as departure or arrival time or …”

F. Ozog Bring TSN cloud native support to SDV architectures S. 179-212

„… the solution design time. This implies the introduction of abstractions layers that have costs in …” „… ...................................................................................................................... 11 2 Time Sensitive Networking …” „… ............................................................................................... 13 2.3 Time synchronization …”

W. Steinmann, B. Sondermann Biometrics and sensor fusion for enhanced in-cabin safety and comfort Reducing complexity and increasing possibilities through a holistic approach to in-cabin monitoring S. 327-342

„… . As modern high-performance computing units provide both high-performance non-real-time and real-time …” „… (detecting drowsiness or distraction), cabin climate control, and infotainment through real-time sensor data …” „… processing, they are able to handle time-critical safety features and comfort functions with high …”

G. Schmitt, F. Fitzek, M. Gruffke Automotive Vehicle Connectivity 2030 S. 157-166

„… possible) and low-latency in the range of 5 to 10 ms for real-time uses cases like in-car-gaming …” „… messaging, Real time traffic information, Local hazard information and remote services like remote access …” „… connectivity, with limited support for real-time applications like voice and video during mobility. The …”

O. Schmidt, R. Münzenberger, M. Glück Dead in 100 ms. Responsive (customer) functions require well-designed event chains and excellent timing requirements S. 429-436

„… , Wolfsburg/Germany Dr. Ralf Münzenberger, INCHRON AG, Erlangen/Germany Abstract Taking 100 ms more time for a …” „… ”. “When an obstacle is on the road, I expect the emergency brake assist (EBA) to stop the car in time …” „… ”. Vehicle customers have a certain expectation on how fast functions work. Better: How much time may elapse …”

V. Lizenberg, F. Specka, J. Hauenstein, M. Mayer Using Simulation in the Development of V2X Applications CarMaker V2X Interface and Local Hazard Warning S. 233-242

„… of functional testing more time- and cost-efficient by establishing a streamlined workflow using …” „… that, in case of HIL, the entire communication stack can be involved in the process, including real …” „… connected to the V2X Interface for HIL setups, in order to consider full-stack signal processing with real …”

S. Schran, R. Jung, A. Mukherji Recommendations for the practical use of Ethernet Security-Protocols and beyond S. 565-578

„… process vast amounts of data in real-time, particularly from the Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS …” „… demand real-time responses. Typical applications include external communications, such as diagnostic …” „… times or startup communication times ▪ additional processing for symmetric cryptography which must run …”

U. Akcakoca Contribution of Artificial Intelligence in Automotive Cyber Security Management System More Cybersecurity through Artificial Intelligence S. 579-XVI

„… in real time. AI plays an important role here [6]. Technologies based on AI are increasingly …” „… time. In other words, we generally only have access to the current state of technology and science at …” „… the time. Albert Einstein expressed this in one sentence: "Fantasy is way more important than …”

S. Zimmermann, W. Lenders, T. Lian Abt, M. Kuhn, P. Weber, A. Ganser Building and scaling a machine learning platform to unlock AI in connected car services S. 29-40

„… real-time data from the car. It offers a centralized and generic API to access data related to i.e. in-car …” „… internal systems. Monitoring and observability Once a model has been deployed and is exposed to real-time …” „… projects and to significantly decrease time to market by solving their most common challenges. It provides …”

A. Schleich, F. Modes, T. Schaller, M. Werling Statistical methods and Monte-Carlo simulation ensure the safety case of the environmental sensor performance in BMW’s first L3 function, the BMW Personal Pilot L3 S. 105-116

„… real driving alone – in particular not at the time of the market introduction of the system. Collisions …” „… good use of time spent in slow-moving traffic or tailbacks during daily motorway commutes. Symbols …” „… used, the customer still must be ready to reassume the task of driving within a reasonable time – i.e …”

F. Ottofuelling Transition from Domain to Zonal Network Architecture for Software Defined Vehicles (SDV) S. 419-428

„… AVB and TSN time-sensitive networking is needed for real-time control - With IEEE 1722 protocol legacy …” „… some time In general: Functions that require extreme data bandwidth are like to stay separate outside …” „… Control, and Comfort functions which are less time-critical and run on lower data bandwidth are good …”

C. Wiegand, F. Sontheim, J.-E. Stavesand, A. Amoroso, S. Rößner The Path to Virtual Homologation Aspects of the necessary framework for product safety in ADAS/AD S. 117-126

„… , dSPACE GmbH, Paderborn, GermanyJ.-E. Stavesand, dSPACE GmbH, Paderborn, GermanyAbstract For some time now …” „… validation of automated driving systems practically feasible at reasonable cost and time. It goes without …” „… any time in line with the progress of development. In order to provide evidence of simulation …”

M. Neukirchner Has the holy grail been found? Using Linux for safety-related applications S. 127-132

„… scope. E.g., real-time properties are typically not ensured via safety-certification of an operating …” „… . While forking creates a separate codebase, which may diverge from the original over time, it allows for …” „… watchdog monitoring whether the checkpoints are called in time. In this concept for Linux, e.g., the memory …”

C. Lankeit, R. Dorociak, M. Teuber, O. Lüdtke, J. Ziethen Automotive eFuses: Challenges of Today and Solutions for the Future S. 517-528

„… data-driven technologies and offers real-time insights into the overall health status of vehicles, a …” „… be considered to make sure, a balanced system of eFuses integrates into a real intelligent power …” „… achievable. The models serve as the starting point for real detailing and all development steps can be tested …”

J. Richenhagen, M. Engelhard, J. Jeub, S. Kriebel, A. Kugler Speeding up Generative-AI in Software-Defined Vehicles S. 13-28

„… learnings derived from real-world industry projects. Introduction The field of Artificial Intelligence (AI …” „… approach targets towards time and cost-efficient product development cycles, quality improvement and …” „… to ensure running the core business of an engineering company: delivery in time, budget and scope …”

P. Faymonville, C. Schwager Rust integration based on interoperability in legacy software S. 213-220

„… aspects, Rust lends itself to any kind of application – anything goes, from real-time embedded apps to web …” „… software development process is becoming more complex, requiring more time for extensive testing and …” „… legacy software over the years. Rebuilding everything in a different language would be time-consuming and …”

M. Münzer, S. Zhang, C. Bauer, D. Graovac Boosting vehicle range by mating semiconductor technologies S. 477-482

„… solutions have been confirmed by multiple publications and in real life. Still market acceptance of SiC in …” „… full load the IGBT starts to participate in current conduction. Overall switching time and -energy of …” „… the penalty of having stored charge in the device is low as for small currents the time span during …”

A. Vickers, P. Fintl, D. Hughes, M. Roberts From Niche to Mainstream: Harnessing Generative AI for Automotive Excellence. GenAI is not Enough! S. 67-80

„… insights and real-world examples to guide the effective adoption and scaling of these technologies in their …” „… and can at times fail in non-linear and surprising ways – ways that humans would not exhibit. All of …” „… harsh reality is that systems operating in the real world are judged not by how often and how well they …”

T. Huck, A. Achtzehn When innovation demand meets E/E architecture Further endeavours into next-gen architectural designs S. 395-406

„… in a time where also new advanced features such as x-by-wire systems are becoming ready for …” „… highest safety requirements. At the same time, it must remain reliable, and components ought to be highly …” „… powernet, at the same time new features like steer-by-wire and brake-by-wire are introduced. They bump up …”

M. Stapelbroek, R. Savelsberg, M. Wegener, M. Faßbender Advances in Electric Vehicle Charging Mapping between User Needs and Technology S. 505-516

„… defined according to Eq. 1. 𝑅𝑅𝑆 =?̅?𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔 ?̅?𝐷𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 (1) Typical real-world energy …” „… ) Charging time and charge efficiency with (w/) and without (w/o) pre-conditioning (PC) Therefore, some …” „… time and increase the efficiency during charging. It shall be noted though that the heating of the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XIV

„… Real-Time System 467D. Simon, T. Wenka, Porsche Engineering Group, Bietigheim-BissingenBoosting vehicle …” „… for optimizing traffic flow through AI-based implementation of real-world traffic data from other …” „… Performed on Different Levels of the Supply Chain – Experiences Based on Real Example ESLF Insights into …”

M. Obstbaum, I. Wior, J. Kasper, P. Vaudrevange, S. Khan, M. Keckeisen, M. Staib, R. Freitag, J. Schneider SpecBook-Copilot – Efficient Formalization of Requirements using Artificial Intelligence in the Development of MB.OS S. 221-232

„… requirements engineering tool, enabling real-time, accurate formalization as part of the next generation of …” „… the time-consuming and labor-intensive formalization and subsequent evaluation process. Fig. 1 …” „… the time of writing this article. The user-friendly versions of these models available as chatbots …”

T. Ost, D. Petanjek, M. Beer Ensuring ADAS functionality during periodic technical inspection ADAS/AD functionalities over a vehicle’s lifetim S. 281-292

„… in the PTI setup. The sensor perceives the artificially generated signal as a real object. This …” „… Control) or BSD (Blind Spot Detection). In this case, a time variant radar signal, described in terms of …” „… be stimulated at the same time during the test process. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2441, 2024 289 Figure …”

X. Wang, A. Hübner, M. Kühl, B. Zlotnik Enabling Automotive MLOps with Open-Source Based Software S. 93-104

„… demonstrator, shown in Figure 7, is able to detect pedestrians and other road users in real time. Future work …” „… scenarios in the real world make it nearly impossible to treat all possible weak spots during the …” „… (cf. Figure 2, Classic, Copy Paste): Synthetic data based on real images and objects [7]. Figure 4 …”

N. Haegele Managing the complexity of joint steering, braking and powertrain coordination in emerging vehicle E/E architectures S. 141-150

„… fast and slow control loops is a critical aspect in the design and implementation of real-time systems …” „… , accelerated innovation and faster time-to-market for new technologies. Furthermore, standardization in motion …”

G. Schneider, F. Woitschek, A. von Twickel, R. Plaga Auditing Guidelines for AI-based AD/ADAS Components focusing on AI Security S. 53-66

„… craft adversarial attacks that can be applied in the real physical environment and force the detection …” „… operationalize the high-level requirement and requires a rationale from domain experts for real-world use cases …” „… % meaning the requirement would have been failed. For real-world use cases an assessment of domain experts …”

M. Peter LightOpen – a cloud-based lighting personalization service S. 167-178

„… , enabling over-the-air updates, real-time data processing, and enhanced customization and personalization …”

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ELIV 2017

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2299 2017

Results in this title

M. Herrmann, D. Dörr Echtzeitfähige Sensormodelle für den virtuellen Fahrversuch: Klassifikation und Anwendung in Entwicklung und Absicherung automatisierter Fahrfunktionen /Real-time-capable sensor models for virtual tes... S. 29-30

„… Real-Time-Capable Sensor Models for Virtual Test Driving Classification and Application in …” „… required real prototypes but also massively shortens a vehicle’s time to market. [2] The automotive …” „… testing methods, as ever-larger test catalogs have to be managed within a short period of time. Testing …”

J. Kirschbaum Das digitale Abbild der Umgebung zur Generierung zukünftiger Location Based Services /Digital image for future location based services S. 51-52

„… hazards or variable speed limits) and enables highly-innovative services such as real-time parking …” „… prediction capabilities and the virtual near real time environment around the vehicle far more than onboard …” „… real time capabilities. The increasing number of vehicles equipped with sensors, such as radar, camera …”

T. Scharnhorst, S. Fürst, S. Rathgeber, L. Slansky, F. Kirschke-Biller, R. Flores, T. Jaux, T. Rüping, K. Nishikawa, C. Krömke AUTOSAR als DIE Software Plattform für intelligente Mobilität /AUTOSAR proofs to be THE automotive software platform for intelligent mobility S. 63-64

„… embedded systems like safety, determinism and real-time capabilities. Built around existing standards such …” „… , security or real-time. Nevertheless the well-known characteristics of deeply embedded sys- VDI-Berichte Nr …” „… the platform to run in an automotive network. 2. Introduction Cars continue to turn into real cyber …”

M. Wolf, R. Lambert Ransomware gegen moderne Fahrzeuge – Mögliche Angriffspfade und effektive Schutzmaßnahmen /Ransomware against modern vehicles – Feasible attack paths and effective protection measures S. 81-82

„… vehicles has the potential to become a real threat to vehicles for the same reason that it has become a …” „… ransomware on vehicles is real and present. In fact, we believe, that with the growth and importance of …” „… Are Still Rare in Real Life Since modern vehicles have become increasingly software-driven, connected …”

Y. Diskin Intelligence-driven offensive- Defense (I-D O-D) – A new methodology for cyber security /Intelligence-driven offensive- Defense (I-D O-D) – A new methodology for cyber security S. 77-78

„… by Lockheed Martin VDI-Berichte Nr. 2299, 2017 77 What really happens in the real world? But what …” „… : The real world Kill Chain of Cyber Attack of Diskin Advanced Technologies I-D O-D The lack of …” „… Defense with not enough time to get really prepared for the attack, and with much less opportunities to …”

B. Hermann, K. Krumbiegel, M. Richter-Friedel, B. Schonlau Interaktive Spezifizierung und Validierung hochautomatisierter Fahrfunktionen in einer Mixed- Reality-Umgebung /Interactive specification and validation of highly automated driving functions in a mixe... S. 101-102

„… characteristics: • Combination of real-world and virtual content • Real-time interaction • Registering …” „… numerous system tests, involving real persons and, for example, a physical prototype. In practice, studies …” „… real-world situations using additional information. Unlike virtual reality, which largely screens users from …”

L. Mesow, F. Knabl AADC – AUDI Autonomous Driving Cars: Eine offene Plattform zur Vorentwicklung und Demonstration von automatischen Fahrfunktionen auf Basis von Modellfahrzeugen /AADC – Audi autonomous driving cars: An... S. 25-26

„… new automatic driving functions often takes a long time and requires high cost. We present an open …” „… established tool from real prototype and series development. Based on the underlying ADTF framework the model …” „… car software can be transferred to the real world as well. In this paper the technical options of …”

C. Voigt, J. Plechinger 5G Automotive Association als Wegbereiter der digitalen Transformation in der Automotive Industrie /5G Automotive association – Pioneering the transformation in the automotive industry S. 37-38

„… emergency call (eCall) or EU wide real time traffic information are a first step towards specific …” „… Communications (IMT) System in 2020 [3]. This mobile radio standard targets for the first time industrial …” „… communications (URLLC). In the same time automotive industry is at the start of a revolution which is part of …”

J. Roslak, C. Wilks, B. Kubitza Hochauflösende Scheinwerfer: Herausforderungen für Elektronikarchitekturen /High resolution headlamps: Challenges for electronic architectures S. 71-72

„… deals with new challenges such as high-frequency data transmission, real-time calculation of HD light …” „… . 2299, 2017 71 possible to increase driving time with high beams and thus significantly increases …” „… optical system using two wire grid polarizing filters for each polarization direction, for the first time …”

T. Wilmer, T. Kopfstedt Linux in sicherheitskritischen Systemen für zukünftige ADAS und halbautomatisierte Fahrfunktionen /Linux in safety critical systems for future ADAS and semi-automated driving functionality S. 23-24

„… . Linux as a QM-rated operating system (OS) can be used in parallel with a Safety Real Time Operating …” „… with a failures in time (FIT) rate …” „… can be associated with a failures in time (FIT) rate …”

A. Jachens, M. Zühlsdorf, T. A. Kern, H. Abel AR Head-up Display – System Erfordernisse und Lösungen zur präzisen Augmentierung von Informationen in den Straßenhintergrund /Augmented reality headup display – System requirements and solutions conc... S. 105-106

„… reality objects from the real world background are minimized. An important factor for a precise …” „… is contact analogous augmentation (cHUD), i.e. information is placed in time and space such that it …” „… – 3 seconds before the maneuver execution, while in the time before a maneuver pre-indication seems …”

R. Grave, A. Much Neue Kommunikationsmechanismen für Zentralrechner mit Fail Operational Anforderung /Communication mechanism for fail-operational high performance controller S. 59-60

„… serviceoriented communication and dynamic operating systems while still meeting the requirements for real-time …”

U. Siebel, R. Gemmerich, D. Peters, R. Milke VOBES NG – Das neue Bordnetzentwicklungssystem im Volkswagen Konzern /VOBES NG – Next generation of the Volkswagen harness development system S. 53-54

„… logical connections will be translated into wire with real diameter, connector, contacts etc. Furthermore …” „… , the modularization of the harness will be described in this plan. At the same time, the package will …”

U. Muller, L. D. Jackel, J. Langenwalter Teaching a car to drive – Automating the extraction of domain knowledge by observing human drivers /Teaching a car to drive – Automating the extraction of domain knowledge by observing human drivers S. 13-14

„… real-time visualization of the objects in the world that most influence our PilotNet’s decisions. Our …”

H. Baumgärtel, J. Bungalski, S. Gontscharov, B. Kanning Tastsinn des Fahrzeugs: Smarte Sensoren zur Vibrationsanalyse /Sense of touch for vehicles: Smart sensors for vibration analysis S. 41-42

„… manually by visual inspection of the vehicle body instead of using a real-time body monitoring with smart …”

K.-M. Fritsch, C. Schmuelling, T. Binder, M. Cramme Herausforderungen eines 48 V-Fahrantriebs mit 20 kW mechanischer Dauerleistung /Challenges of a 48 V drive system with 20 kW continuous mechanical power S. 85-86

„… voltage. By means of a large number of city test drives with a C segment vehicle ‘real world’ customer …” „… 1600 Nm for short time and 1200 Nm continuous. To achieve low system cost, several boundary conditions …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XV

„… : Klassifikation und Anwendung in Entwicklung und Absicherung automatisierter Fahrfunktionen Real-time …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181022993

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