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Dritev 2022

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2401 2022

Results in this title

T. König, L. Stütz, L. Bauer, M. Kley Model-based simulation of a longitudinal dynamics vehicle model with a single-wheel drive S. 381-396

„… Model-based simulation of a longitudinal dynamics vehicle model with a single-wheel drive …” „… from the off-highway sector with a single-wheel drive is simulated. A realistic description of the …” „… vehicle with single-wheel drive is to be simu-lated on the basis of a model, considering the dynamic …”

H. Spånberg Electric Torque Vectoring Disconnect unit, eTVD S. 253-266

„… yaw torque added, the driver steering wheel input and efforts are greatly reduced in areas where the …” „… , this prevents further progress into unwanted vehicle behaviour. Observe also the driver steering wheel …” „… than intended. For the inner wheel it is the opposite, it would be additionally driven by the outer …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-X

„… drivesIntelligent all-wheel driveThermal management of e-machinesSustainability and life cycle analysis in …” „… dynamics vehicle model with a single-wheel drive …” „… developmentVehicle development with computational fluid dynamicsEfficiency of electric drivesElectrified city of …”

D. Lindvai-Soos, S. Kaimer Electric Drives for All-wheel Functions – A System Comparison of ASM and PSM S. 109-118

„… Electric Drives for All-wheel Functions A System Comparison of ASM and PSM Dr. DI Daniel …” „… only be found in the all-wheel-drive capability through the secondary drive. It is primarily the …” „… communication that type of propulsion system is commonly called “dual-motor all-wheel-drive”, for example by …”

T. Skubacz, C. Burkhardt, S. Krischke Proof of Concept: Bistable Shift Element S. 241-252

„… torque (just above the nominal torque) occurs and thus the drive train or the wheels do not block. In …” „… . blocking of the drive motor due to a short circuit). The use of friction elements instead of positive …” „… equipped with two independent e-axles (front/rear drive). The bistable switching element enables the …”

M. Hein, S. Prinke, A. Damm, P. Fischer Testing of shift elements – Standardized Methods, State of the Art and Future Challenges S. 73-94

„… All-Wheel-Drive (AWD) applications or short slipping times in overload clutches etc. In most of these cases, the …” „… . [12] HARSCH, A.; CLAUSEN, G.; RINK, A.: Modular system 8G-DCT with all-wheel drive, in VDI-Berichte …” „… , Schongau; Dipl.-Ing. Patrick Fischer, HOERBIGER Drive Technology (Changzhou) Co. Ltd., Changzhou, PRC …”

K. Lee, M. Song, S. Lim Multi-body Dynamics of a Vehicle Axle System Based on a Time-varying Gear Mesh Model for Investigating Hypoid Gear Noise and Vibration S. 185-196

„… , wheel drive shafts, and rubber bush supports. The combined fully flexible Multi-Body Dynamics (FMBD) of …” „… , wheel drive shafts, a sub-frame, wheels, and axle gearbox, including a hypoid gear pair. All components …” „… output shafts with wheel drive shafts respectively. The vibration accelerations at one point upon the …”

J. Gindele, U. Franzmann, L. Herdle, A. Pawlenka The Magna 7HDT400 for BMW’s new 48V hybrid drive family S. 1-12

„… behavior (through drive modes) by varying the overlapping gear changes – dynamic single and multiple …” „… drivers. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2401, 202210 Fig. 11: Hand-over between recuperation and wheel brake 10 …” „… The Magna 7HDT400 for BMW’s new 48V hybrid drive family Dr. Jörg Gindele, Ulrich Franzmann, Lothar …”

A. Eßer, J. Mölleney, S. Rinderknecht Potentials to reduce the Energy Consumption of Electric Vehicles in Urban Traffic S. 133-152

„… central drive unit consisting of a single electric machine (EM) with a fixed-speed transmission, examples …” „… extra-urban driving scenarios. Furthermore, the more complex "Two-Drive-Transmission" (TDT) concept is …” „… efficient by electric (and also electrified) powertrain concepts. Current BEV are usually driven by a …”

M. Schröder, K. Herold, C. Monissen Efficiency Increase of Electric Machines with Active Thermal Field Weakening S. 119-132

„… same compact vehicle with a single axle drive. All simulation results include 15 % charging losses. As …” „… context, the electric machine contributes to the losses in the drive train of elec-tric vehicles. With …” „… remaining losses in the drive train. FEV has therefore developed a new ap-proach to improve the efficiency …”

Z. Liu, V. Stegmayer, S. Rinderknecht, U. Fechter Multiphase CFD investigation of splash lubrication S. 169-184

„… churning loss and the single loss related to surfaces of the input wheel increase, while the temperature …” „… constraints (single gear pair) and testing conditions. There can be con-siderable uncertainties when applying …” „… the input wheel (Fig. 1) under the maximum input rotational speed with 22000 rpm. 0.4244 s is the …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024010

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Dritev 2023

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2420 2023

Results in this title

C. Gürlich, S. Demmerer, M. Winkel, K. Führer Transmission – the most underestimated part of the electric drive – Next generation transmission S. 183-196

„… ) Integrated e-drive system with e-motor, power electronics and reducer from a single source [3] Coaxial and …” „… gearbox enables it to be integrated into electric vehicle appli-cations in both front and rear-wheel-drive …” „… connects the electric driveline to the wheels. This leads to higher articulation angels and higher demands …”

S. Kaimer Vehicle Motion Control by Advanced Wheel Torque Management S. 13-20

„… strong shift towards electric all-wheel drives (eAWD) takes place. eAWD in BEVs becomes much more common …” „… e-drives, wheel brakes, possibly clutches, active chassis components etc. For example, it will split the …” „… wheel prioritized and include single wheel brakes when necessary. The idea behind this approach is, that …”

M. Magnusson, O. Nicklasson, H. Jacobsson Electric Cross Differential, eXD S. 235-252

„… differential:For the axle in the example drive case the corner inner wheel rotates 3.6% slower than the corner …” „… outer wheel when no input drive torque is applied. As the open differential distributes the input torque …” „… drive torque is applied (since the inner wheel long. slip stiffness is lower than for the outer wheel …”

J. Gindele, F. Faistauer The Future of BEV: High Performance Without Compromising Driving Efficiency S. 37-44

„… . This again allows for new drivetrain architectures, especially for all-wheel drives. This article first …” „… shown that with an intelligent eAWD (electric all-wheel drive) design, all-wheel drives can even be more …” „… efficient than 2WD (two-wheel drives). One key lever here is to “complementarily” combine the efficiency …”

J. Ahn, S. Yang Disconnect Actuator System (DAS) for AWD EV’s Driveline – Increasing electric efficiency, Seamless shifting system S. 115-130

„… is less electrically efficient than a 2WD vehicle if it is driven solely by the main driving wheels …” „… rotating parts driven from the wheel, the lower the loss occurs. In addition, Table. 1 is the result of …” „… , S. Fallah and J. De Smet, "A Fast and Parametric Torque Distribution Strategy for Four-Wheel-Drive …”

J. Jennings, D. Finn, T. Hunter Novel Multi-Functional Clutch Technology for EV Drivetrain Disconnects – Next Generation Disconnect with One-Way-Clutch for Automatic, and Non-Blocked Shifting S. 325-338

„… example, the illustration below shows a typical front-wheel-wheel (FWD) based on-demand all-wheel-drive …” „… coupler. All-wheel-drive (AWD) is achieved by splitting the powerflow from the ICE and transmission at the …” „… packaging.Fig. 3: Internal Combustion Engine DrivelineAWD Disconnect – Transition to EV DrivetrainsThe overall …”

A. Kappes, S. Frei, P. Noone, Stephan Rinderknecht Development and Design of a Range Extended four-speed Two-Drive-Powertrain S. 253-280

„… : https://drivetrain-symposium.world/development-of-a-multi-speed-two-drive-powertrain/ [22] M. Wietschel, C. Moll, S. Oberle, B. Lux, S. Timmerberg, and N. Ashley-Belbin, “Klimabi-lanz …” „… Development and Design of a Range Extended four-speed Two-Drive-Powertrain Aaron Kappes, M.Sc …” „… . Abstract An electric Two-Drive-Powertrain is presented that is intended to enable highly efficient …”

L. Bayoux, K.-L. Kimmig, D. Reitz Has the potential in terms of weight, installation space, and function already been exhausted for hybrid transmissions? S. 205-220

„… vectoring functions. Decoupling the electric axle, which enables all-wheel drive with high efficiency, is …” „… können. Abstract Global market trends are mainly driven by the overarching goal of CO2 neutrality. In …” „… internal combustion engine on the one hand and the electric drive on the other. An innovative further …”

C. Reumüller, M. Sedlmair, M. Hein, A. Damm Transformation from conventional to electric powertrains Challenges in testing mechatronic shifting systems S. 359-376

„… example to disable 4-wheel-drive [2] for reducing drag torque in cruise mode or to connect an e-axle in a …” „… ) motor in 4-wheel-drive-applications for reducing drag torque in cruise mode or to lock a differential …” „… unit for wheel EV drive, 17th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), 2014 …”

H. Sandquist, E. Barrientos, S. Klacar Systemized Modular Approach for Electric Drive Unit Family Development S. 89-106

„… customer needs Drivetrain including gears, differential, and drive shafts – available in both coaxial and …” „… efficiency and fun-to-drive attributes are growing in demand as cars are extending into our daily lives of …” „… Methodology, InfiMotion Technology has proposed a family of stand-alone Electric Drive Units (EDUs) with …”

A. Freiburg Virtual development – optimized E-Drive selection by system simulation S. 73-88

„… Virtual development – optimized E-Drive selection by system simulation System model based on …” „… validation The complexity of an E-Drive system is further increasing by adding sustainability requirements …” „… cat-egorization of an electric drive system. AI algorithms for automized categorization on the high number of …”

C. Mohr Acoustic Optimization of Electric Powertrains from a Vehicle Level Perspective S. 471-XVI

„… drivesIntelligent all-wheel driveThermal management of e-machinesSustainability and life cycle analysis in …” „… developmentVehicle development with computational fluid dynamicsEfficiency of electric drivesElectrified city of …” „… of predefined limit curves in the development of drives for completely new vehicle concepts is not …”

T. Hofman, J. Van Kampen, O. Borsboom Electric Mobility Design – From Powertrain Components to Vehicle Fleet Optimization S. 391-410

„… . The topology represents a four-wheel driven electric vehicle, whereby the front wheels are propelled …” „… by a single EM through a differential and the rear wheels are propelled by an individual EM through a …” „… together with the same drive towards our mutual goal of accelerating the energy and mobility transition …”

P. Geradts, M. Kasten, A. Landvogt Psychoacoustic optimization of the NVH behavior of an eDrive power train – Application of a Targeted Micro Geometry Scatter on Helical Gears to break-up the regularity of the transmission error excita... S. 459-470

„… Psychoacoustic optimization of the NVH behavior of an eDrive power train Application of a Targeted …” „… Drehfehlerrechnungen in Messungen auf einem Teststand für ein eDrive-System untersucht. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2420, 2023 459 …” „… in purely electrically driven vehicles with the elimination of the masking benefits of the internal …”

R. Plavullathil, M. Rihn, C. Bridier Marelli’s eAxle family strategy – Agile answer to a moving EV market S. 281-294

„… configurations, whether in the case of a single electric axle (with a single motor and differential) or in the …” „… , 2023286 Fig. 8: Packaging constraints In the case of a single electric axle, in order to achieve a …” „… electric motors for the single electric axles. Concretely, the small variant would ideally be equipped with …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024201

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Dritev – Drivetrain For Vehicles 2018

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2328 2018

Results in this title

T. Högnäs, G. Beldie 48 volt torque vectoring electric rear drive module (eRDM) – Excellent driving dynamics with significant CO2 savings S. I-517-I-528

„… constitute the traditional means for driveline power management in performance oriented All-Wheel Drive (AWD …” „… the motor operates at wheel differentiation speed as opposed to absolute wheel speed for two drive …” „… compromise to the All-Wheel Drive performance. By using one electrical motor for both functions, the system …”

J.-E. Moseberg, J. Kohlhoff, S. Hekeler Electric all-wheel drive: enhancing vehicle dynamics and driving safety by wheel-individual torque distribution – How to make use of the over-actuation of electrified vehicles S. II-103-II-116

„… can have up to four electric drive units situated on the driveshaft, close to the wheel, or even in …” „… Electric all-wheel drive: enhancing vehicle dynamics and driving safety by wheel-individual torque …” „… wheel-individual drive torque distribution permitting an improvement of the vehicle’s lateral dynamic behavior as …”

D. Güth, J. Haupt, T. Gassmann Seamless-shift two-speed eAxle with torque vectoring S. I-255-I-268

„… architecture also provides an easy way to realize an all-wheel drive (AWD) vehicle. However, compared with an …” „… gear ratio via the two helical gear stages and the Twinster clutches directly into the drive wheels. A …” „… completely converted from a mechanical four-wheel drive vehicle to a hybrid vehicle. Beside a mechanical …”

D. Engelmann, S. Herr Validierung neuer Funktionen eines mechanischen Antriebsstrangs für mobile Arbeitsmaschinen mit radindividueller Steuerung S. III-81-III-82

„… consider a single-wheel drive such as the LT3 drive or other individually adjustable drive trains, this …” „… wheels rotate at the same speed, which leads to tension in the drive train or forced slip on uneven …” „… cornering. This managed by superposition gears in the lateral distribution of each driven wheel. To realize …”

W. van Harselaar, M. Brouwer, T. Hofman A generic transmission model for hybrid electric drives – Integration of the dynamic behavior of all conventional-, electric-, and hybrid-transmission mode types in a single model S. I-163-I-180

„… transmission housing. The component wheels represents all driven wheels without distinguishing between front …” „… sources and the wheels of the vehicle. This definition means that drivetrains without clutches and brakes …” „… A Generic Transmission Model for Hybrid Electric Drives Integration of the dynamic behavior of …”

M. Hofstetter, D. Lechleitner, M. Hirz, M. Gintzel, A. Schmidhofer Multi-objective gearbox design optimization for xEV-axle drives under consideration of package restrictions S. I-239-I-254

„… to the wheels. In the gearbox design process of a new eDrive, several input parameters (Fig. 1 …” „… described on the example of a single-speed, two-stage helical gear with an integrated differential drive …” „… Multi-Objective Gearbox Design Optimization for xEV-Axle Drives under Consideration of Package …”

G. Hellenbroich, I. Steinberg, J. Ogrzewalla Powershift capable 2-Speed Electric Drive Unit for Light – Commercial Vehicles with Short Time to Market S. I-229-I-238

„… transmission with just a single pair of fixed gear wheels per sub-transmission. Fig. 5 shows a photograph of …” „… clutch C2. The output shaft OS carries both driven gear wheels, which are implemented as fixed wheels …” „… speed. The boundary conditions for the simulation are: - Drive-away to be possible on a 30 …”

K. Bennewitz, A. Mann Powertrain electrification exemplified by the VW Golf S. II-135-II-168

„… entire chain from fuel production to the driven wheel (well-to-wheel), alternative fuels are suitable …” „… single vehicle. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2328, 2018138 Fig. 1: Typical range of electrified drive concepts …” „… e-motor at the rear axle is possible. This forms a kind of electrical all-wheel drive by enabling …”

G. van Spijk, A. Klaassen, A. van der Leest, A. Brandsma, M. Tweehuysen CVT: dedicated to hybrid solutions – Setting the benchmark on all KPI’s S. I-65-I-78

„… ) enables a large traction force to the wheels without the need of a drive off clutch. With normal state of …” „… driving the wheels are subject to reconsideration. At the same time investments must be safeguarded …” „… drive modes, specifications and requirements for the components are explained. 3. The DH-CVT …”

I. Andrasec, B. Jeitler AVL’s future hybrid X mode – A modular transmission family concept S. I-211-I-228

„… .; Teuschl, G.: Modular Low Cost 48V P4 System for Front- and 4- Wheel-Drive Architectures – A Customer …” „… assembled on one single main assembly line which reduces production investment. The core transmission is …” „… People's Republic of China [1]. A more comprehensive view away from the simplified tank-to-wheel towards …”

M. Werra, A. Ringleb, C. Sieg, F. Küçükay Thermal behavior of 48 V hybrid systems S. I-529-II-VI

„… 85 T. Gemassmer, GKN Driveline International GmbH, Lohmar Electric all-wheel drive: enhancing vehicle …” „… . After that, three different hybrid topologies with front wheel drive (P1, P2 and P3) with an …” „… PE. Parameter variation In this paper, three different hybrid topologies with front wheel drive …”

U. Reichert, F. Busch, S. Ott, K. Bause Potential of lightweight design of a vehicle transmission by usage of high strength steels S. I-369-I-384

„… of the individual gear subsystems, such as shafts and gear wheels, can be mapped during dimensioning …” „… in order to demonstrate their mutual influence when replacing an existing material of a gear wheel or …” „… massive formed components, e.g. shafts and gear wheels. Therefore, different transmissions are chosen as …”

M. Hein, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Holistic approach for fatigue life design of vehicle transmissions S. I-131-I-146

„… Wheel speed Oil temperatures Subsequent to the collection of real-drive data, these data has to be …” „… ] which result in a single safety factor against different damage mechanisms are hardly applicable to the …” „… the tooth bending strength for spur and helical gears is available within ISO 6336-3 [3]. For single …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-I-I-X

„… – AUDI S tronic – Version for All-Wheel Drive, Increase of Torque and HV Electrification …” „… � � � � � � � � � � � � � �147 T. Smejkal, C. Wirth, ZG GmbH, Eching A generic transmission model for hybrid electric drives …” „… a single model …”

S. Rinderknecht, A. Esser, P. Jardin Relevance of multidimensional real-driving optimization for the development of a battery-electric vehicle 5.0 S. II-117-II-134

„… flow must be modelled differently. The required tractive force at the driven wheels can be divided …” „… for individual drivers or for a specific field of application allows the evaluation and development …” „… respect to the average driver based on standardized driving cycles. These one-dimensional cycles …”

W. Guo, M. Jordan, X. Xu The application of fast and efficient clutch coordination control in a P2 hybrid automatic transmission S. I-465-I-484

„… shift logic of the automatic transmission, single step shifts, double step shifts and even multiple …” „… step shifts can be realized as simple shifts. That is with a single off-going and a single on-coming …” „… clutches (C1-C4), and one brake (B1). Fig.1(b) shows the structure of a single clutch in the transmission …”

G. Bednarek, K. Geratz, H. Chariou The all-new 8-speed AT for the Opel Grandland X S. I-1-I-10

„… two Diesel engines in front wheel drive configuration. They are the first applications with the new …” „… material reduce heat generation and accompanying losses. A chain driven off-axis low loss oil pump, dynamic …” „… speeds. The integrated mechanical off-axis oil pump is driven by a chain. Its main benefits are a compact …”

J.-M. Veith, B. Krüger, A. Albers, M. Behrendt Torque prediction in vehicle drive trains based on bus signals using artificial neural networks S. I-413-I-424

„… . VDI-Berichte Nr. 2328, 2018 413 1 Introduction All-wheel-drive vehicles produced by Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche …” „… introduced, followed by All-wheel-drive-systems. 2.1 Artificial neural networks ANNs are motivated by the …” „… correlation between input and output. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2328, 2018414 2.2 All-wheel-drive (AWD) system AWD …”

A. Viehmann, R. König, S. Rinderknecht Investigation of gear shifts in a parallel-series hybrid powertrain with dog clutches in a demonstrator vehicle (two-drive-transmission with range-extender, DE-REX) S. I-323-I-346

„… . Perlo, und F. Viotto, „Torque-Fill Control and Energy Management for a Four-Wheel-Drive Electric …” „… Demonstrator Vehicle (Two-Drive-Transmission with Range-Extender, DE-REX) Performing mode changes using …” „… Schaltzeitreduktion und Schaltkomfortsteigerung gegeben. Abstract The „Two-Drive-Transmission with Range-Extender …”

F. Mühlfeld, M. Hochrein, N. Schmidt-Winkel, J. Buhl Electrified automated manual transmission (eAMT) – Synergies by combining an electric drive with an automated transmission S. I-197-I-210

„… solution enables an electric 4 wheel drive on demand. Also a load point shift over the road would be …” „… Electrified automated manual transmission (eAMT) Synergies by combining an electric drive with …” „… automated manual transmission and the electric drive. The automated transmission thus receives full hybrid …”

P. Maurel, N. Termenon, Philippe Kraemer, I. Sogoba Efficient hybrid clutch actuator S. I-485-I-498

„… position can offer also the possibility to give access to a four wheels drive mode at low speed …” „… Nr. 2328, 2018 485 Fig .1: Hybrid architectures using a single clutch This paper will first list …” „… functions to the driver: Associating automation of the main transmission clutch with a 12V IBSG enables …”

J. van der Meer, G. Hangen, J. Uhlig The new plug-in hybrid module as an addition to the AUDI S tronic gearbox family – Design, layout and manufacture S. I-451-I-464

„… drive train electrification at the AUDI AG. The highest priority during development of the hybrid …” „… module was given to the optimisation of efficiency. For the electric drive motor, a new production …” „… installation space it is possible to house the electric drive motor with internal rotor in one cooling unit …”

N. Dudin, S. Ott, A. Albers, R. Misch, T. Rochlitzer Virtualizing validation processes of electrified powertrain generations S. II-47-II-72

„… VDI-Berichte Nr. 2328, 201848 (BAT) and the vehicle’s driven wheels with the aim of minimizing energy …” „… . The first variant of is . It features a conventional all-wheel drive powertrain topology. Here, a …” „… software-driven ones with an ever growing share of inhouse developed software code [Stadler 2017]. As a result …”

T. Smejkal, C. Wirth Innovative transmission topologies using the example of a P2-hybridtransmission for front-transverse applications S. I-147-I-162

„… . Girres, 9-speed transmission for front wheel drive applications. VDI-Kongress: Getriebe in Fahrzeugen …” „… increasing prevalence of automated transmissions in the area of compact, front-driven vehicles. The …” „… a smoother driving experience without the need of changing gears manually and assist the driver in …”

C. Danzer, T. Voigt, T. Günther, R. Tröger From fleet requirements to optimized Dedicated Hybrid Powertrains S. I-269-I-284

„… conventional and electrical driven charging units. For every single ICE-technology configuration the impact in …” „… , presents a subsequently derived drive strategy based on a combustion engine as the basic concept in …” „… generates a big picture of the system potentials that helps to manage the complexity for single vehicles …”

D. Evenschor, D, Dennin, P. Tenberge Automated design concept generation of automatic transmissions – Design concept generation based on results of transmission synthesis S. I-181-I-196

„… steps, ratio range, planet wheel rotational speed as well as state and load of shift elements …” „… . Pre-dimensioning is executed for smallest and largest radial size of the single elements, and leads to an …” „… EPGS1 pictured. Each rectangle represents tooth width and outer ring gear diameter of a single EGPS …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023280

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Drivetrain for Vehicles 2016

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2276 2016

Results in this title

R. Kronstorfer, F. Kolb, U. Pinschmidt Audi quattro – Four wheel drive becomes more efficient S. 369-382

„… Audi quattro Four wheel drive becomes more efficient Rolf Kronstorfer, Florian Kolb, Udo …” „… . Abstract The all-wheel drive quattro has a very long and successful history at Audi. With more than seven …” „… , dynamics and safety. At present there is a new generation of all-wheel drives for longitudinally mounted …”

A. Albers, U. Reichert, S. Ott, A. Radimersky Software supported development of a Battery Electric Vehicle powertrain considering the efficiency S. 321-338

„… [9] Fig. 3: Requirement-fulfillment of a low-speed drive with single-speed gearbox and a high-speed …” „… single-speed gearbox, it has to be guaranteed to drive the maximum torque and the maximum velocity in the same …” „… enables the estimation of the drive-train efficiency in early stages [1]. Considering further bou ndary …”

W. Hinz, G. Bednarek The new 8-speed FWD Automatic Transmission for General Motors / A. Opel AG S. 383-396

„… front-wheel-drive vehicles as well. The first application front-wheel-drive 8-speed automatic transmission (AF50-8 …” „… general industry trend vehicle performance and drive comfort are playing an increasing role in the …” „… efficiency, drive comfort, shift comfort, sportiness and vehicle performance. Shift by wire or Active Fuel …”

J. Willert, C. Bünder Modular and Scalable Approaches in Layshaft Transmission Design S. 167-176

„… fuel cost with commercial vehicles. There is an option for all-wheel drive and for an e-clutch. The …” „… solutions that can be adapted to specific regional requirements, for both OEMs and car drivers. One …” „… in DCTs. For example, clutch actuation power demand of the 7DCT300 is 25 W in the NEDC. Single …”

M. Hammer, W. Klinger ZF electrification in agricultural machinery systems S. 681-688

„… for the first time an electrical single-wheel drive for agricu l tural appl ica tions. Th e sco pe …” „… of depl oym ent f or th is novel drivel ine design is w ide ranging. El ect rica l l y driven axl e …” „… system s f or trail ers and sl urry tankers as w el l as el ect rica l l y driven stab il ize r w h eel …”

H.-W. Raedt, F. Wilke, C.-S. Ernst Lightweight Design in transmission by forging technology in passenger cars and light commercial vehicles S. 485-502

„… -speed transmission and rear wheel drive, thus representing the most widely sold configuration …” „… . Downstream Powertrain From the output of the transmission to the input into the driven wheel hub there are …” „… ]. Based on the tremendous interest that the results received from customers and driven by the intensive …”

A. Kooy, D. Eireiner, T. Krause, C. Herbers, B. Vögtle Torsional Damping Systems for all relevant Powertrains – Extending current Damping Technologies S. 257-270

„… front wheel drive applications and engines building up their full torque at 1200 1/min. The 3-cylinder …” „… Antriebsstränge angepasst werden. Abstract Effective damper systems are needed in order to drive at high …” „… on standard architectures and can be adopted to investigate actual drive trains and engines for …”

M. Funk, G. Bofinger, J. Patzer, D. O. Lautenschlager, E. Granderath The New Porsche Dual Clutch Gearbox (PDK) – an Important Component of the Powertrain of the Future S. 69-84

„… variants. The 2WD derivative was conceptualised for a standard rear-wheel drive system, wherein the low …” „… forms the output of the integrated all-wheel drive differential to the front axle. The axes of the two …” „… , hydraulic control and integrated all-wheel drive clutch, each of which must be supplied with hydraulic oil …”

R. König, A. Viehmann, S. Rinderknecht Development of the transmission control for a High-Speed Multi-Gear Powertrain Concept for Electric Vehicles S. 543-562

„… transmission that sums the power of the motors over a two-speed subtransmission and a single …” „… single-speed transmission. In order to reach a demanded high speed and generate a starting torque, high enough …” „… a two stage, single-speed transmission. The power of both subtransmissions is summed at the gear …”

B. Kohn, M. Otto, K. Stahl Noise Reduction Potential of Waveform Flank Modifications – Topological Waveform and Waveform-like Modifications Provide Promising Optimization Perspective S. 451-468

„… drive/slave gearbox, which are coupled with slender shafts of little torsional stiffness for elastic …” „… Table 1: Main geometry of test gear pair physical quantity unit dynamic test gear pair pinion wheel …” „… variable value wheel tip relief amount CA 3.8 μm length LCA 33.5 % gα periodic tip (1st order …”

S. A. Pahlovy, S. Faria Mahmud, M. Kubota, M. Ogawa, N. Takakura Improvement of transmission efficiency by reducing the drag torque in disengaged wet clutch – Development of a model for calculating drag torque or spin loss of disengaged wet clutch of transmission S. 879-896

„… energy is lost due to inefficiency of drive train, transmission and it’s components. There are several …” „… to the wheels of the car, which, when applied to road, moves the car. Simply put, a powertrain is …” „… drive cycle, only about 14%–30% of the energy from the fuel is used to move it down the road and the …”

M. Kraft, W. Pflieger, S. Henzler, C. Nizzola, S. Rinderknecht Simulation-based study of drivetrain electrification to improve driving dynamics S. 177-192

„… parallel hybrid architectures are analyzed by Jobst [9] and Rüger [10]. In their work a rear-wheel-drive …” „… dynamics [4]. Influences result from vehicle integration of electric drive (e-drive) components and due to …” „… additional e-drive functionalities. Vehicle integration of e-drive components modifies vehicle mass, axle …”

F. Brezger, A. Moser Energy Saving Potentials by Advanced Functionalities of Clutch or Brake actuator Systems for Vehicle Drivetrains S. 137-156

„… 2020 by the EU Parliament every single gram is of importance. One trend drivetrain development to …” „… erleichtern. Abstract Current developments of passenger vehicles are generating a wide range of drive train …” „… 2276, 2016 137 performance and comfort but also gaining energy efficiency. Therefore different drives …”

J. Winchester, A. Favale, S. A. Martin Lightweight, Highly Efficient Drive System S. 667-680

„… Lightweight, Highly Efficient Drive System James Winchester, Ashwoods Electric Motors, Exeter …” „… Fairfield that uses planetary drives with an integrated electric motor. The current solutions used in …” „… utilises an electric motor incorporated into the gearbox. The gearbox used is a planetary drive …”

R. Nasdal, U. Bernhardt Cascaded gears: Possible Applications and Experiences S. 101-108

„… transversal mounted transmissions also in combination with a final drive ratio at the differential gear …” „… shifting questions the relevance for DCTs. The driver feels nothing but has only the acoustic effect of a …” „… the torque at wheel is not as high as usual (step 1.6-1.8). The 6DCT150 packages smaller than a …”

M. Jordan, P. Tenberge Optimized Start-Stop-Control of a P2-Hybrid – Identification of critical parameters for comfort and timing S. 421-434

„… and the engine load. Fig. 2: Instantaneous torque generated by a single piston at 1000 rpm, half …” „… acceleration of the vehicle depends on the tyre model. A direct transformation from wheel torque to …” „… request by the driver during electric driving, a short starting time will be most important to quickly …”

S. Fujimoto, N. Shiomura, K. Sato, Y. Kawahara The Trend and Future of Torque Converter for CVT S. 869-878

„… CVT/ Comparisons of TC for AT and CVT (1) Appropriate use of RWD Rear wheel drive longitudinal system …” „… and FWD Front wheel drive transverse system RWD tends to be expensive and have influence on cabin …” „… torque capacity as shown in the Figure 6 in general. Large clamp power is required at under drive which …”

A. Lampe, U. Mettin, R. Serway Clutch control of stepped automatic transmissions by using a virtual DCT-structure – Power shifts made easy with generic control software S. 405-420

„… coupled planetary gear sets and clutches. Because both types have more than one clutch, the drivers force …” „… in section 2 all shifts are performed as power shift so that the driver’s force demand must not be …” „… : , , ⋅ ⋅ (5) VDI-Berichte 2276, 2016408 Eq. (5) describes the driver’s force demand as a function of , which …”

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Dritev – Drivetrain For Vehicles 2019

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2354 2019

Results in this title

C. Schmahl, M. Höck, D. Ressin, M. Kesseler GKN’s ActiveConnect AWD system as an energy-efficient solution for electrified vehicles S. I-555-I-566

„… electrified vehicles is the intelligent all-wheel drive system with "ActiveConnect" from GKN, which …” „… power to be provided VDI-Berichte Nr. 2354, 2019 555 by a single drive unit. In combination with the …” „… vehicles in the form of P1 to P3. Introduction All-wheel drive (AWD) vehicles are enjoying increasing …”

U. Stockinger, H. Pflaum, K. Stahl Single vs. multi-cone synchronizers with carbon friction lining – A comparison of load limits and deterioration behavior S. I-455-I-470

„… Single vs. Multi-Cone Synchronizers with Carbon Friction Lining – A Comparison of Load Limits and …” „… efficiency of gear boxes require knowledge about the relative load limits of single and multi-cone …” „… single and multi-cone synchronizers with carbon friction lining used in cars were determined …”

P. Lück, K. Bennewitz, J. Tousen Volkswagen’s electric drivetrains of the new modular e-drive kit (MEB) S. I-515-I-530

„… single-speed transmission, the highvoltage wiring and the charging device. Basically, two e-drives can be …” „… as an additional drive for boost and all-wheel-drive functions. It has a power output of 75 kW, a …” „… sensor and the single-speed transmission. The e-drive is manufactured at the Volkswagen plant in Kassel …”

A. Kinigadner, T. Biermann Schaeffler eAxle family – future solutions for the electric drivetrain S. I-567-II-VIII

„… combination of planet and spur gear drives produces a very compact design. The wheel distance of the rotor …” „… electric drive per wheel. A maximum output of 6 to 7 kW is therefore sufficient for the servomotor to be …” „… approaches of how to increase power density Innovative 4-wheel-drive systems New ways to achieve NVH …”

S. Stöhr, R. Koesling, V. Marx New all-wheel drive systems in Mercedes-Benz SUVs S. I-483-I-500

„… New All-Wheel Drive Systems in Mercedes-Benz SUVs Sven Stöhr, Ralf Koesling, Volker Marx …” „… cylinder engines are available with fully variable all-wheel drive (Torque-on-Demand) that regulates the …” „… optional Off-Road package offers the world's first fully variable all-wheel drive with high and low range …”

T. Pullen Integrated eDrive system for various performance classes S. I-287-I-294

„… flexibility for the driving strategy of all-wheel and two-wheel drive configurations. The result of the …” „… for customer platform approaches. Front and rear wheel drive systems, which in combination enable …” „… electric all-wheel drive applications, should, however, be covered by one design concept in order to …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-I-I-XII

„… of how to increase power density Innovative 4-wheel-drive systems New ways to achieve NVH reduction …” „… all-wheel drive systems in Mercedes-Benz SUVs …” „… Electrical Powertrain Volkswagen’s electric drivetrains of the new modular e-drive kit (MEB …”

K. von Rueden, C. Danzer, J. Liebold, T. Mueller, T. Hirschbeck 1, 2 or 3 – how much it would be? Evaluating the need of multispeed electric drives coming from different perspectives S. I-227-I-254

„… with only one motor. The Porsche Taycan drives and Tesla's "D" models serve as examples. The wheel …” „… the electric motor from the drive wheel of the vehicle. The vehicle's maximum speed can no longer be …” „… data for compact class ( 1600 ) with rear wheel drive. Fig. 10 shows the general structure of the …”

M. Horn, F. Kutter, B. Vahlensieck Advanced development of dedicated hybrid concepts – Systematic search for optimal powertrain concepts S. I-1-I-20

„… two-wheel drive vehicle four types of dedicated hybrid concepts result. Exemplary representative functional …” „… for different types of dedicated hybrid concepts for two-wheel drive vehicles The main …” „… elements like a chain-drive or gear wheels. Topology three with two axially parallel electric machines …”

A. Viehmann, J.-E. Schleiffer, S. Rinderknecht Evaluation of the dedicated range-extender transmission powertrain concept DE-REX regarding efficiency, costs and complexity – Comparative assessment of electric and hybrid powertrain configurations b... S. I-21-I-48

„… architectures starting from a fixed-speed single-EM drive to a multi-speed multi-EM TDT variant, the gear …” „… Different Vehicle Drivetrain Concepts Under Varying Operating Conditions: A Simulative Data Driven Approach …” „… "Two-Drive-Transmission with Range-Extender (DE-REX)" is an innovative DRT powertrain concept. To increase the pure …”

A. Harsch, G. Clausen, A. Rink Modular system 8G-DCT with all-wheel drive S. I-79-I-94

„… Modular system 8G-DCT with all-wheel drive Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Alexander Harsch, Dr.-Ing …” „… OM 654q four-cylinder diesel engine in the front-wheel drive (4x2) variant. In addition to the …” „… compact vehicle platform. In addition to the future electrification, the all-wheel drive capability and …”

P. Fietkau, N. Lamparsky, M. Felbermaier, A. Fröhlcke, T. Conze Holistic design approach for electric drives S. I-163-I-178

„… drives combine the e-motor, inverter and gearbox in a single unit. Consequently, numerous disciplines are …” „… the original geometry of a final drive gear wheel is shown. The calculated flank line error shows …” „… Holistic Design Approach for Electric Drives Dr.-Ing. Peter Fietkau, Dipl.-Ing. Niklas Lamparsky …”

C. Dassler, M. Kurch, M. Nichols NVH-challenges and solution approaches in electric drive development from the supplier‘s view S. I-349-I-366

„… all-wheel drive electric axles with offset and coaxial alignment, thus flexibility is offered tailored to …” „… NVH-Challenges and solution approaches in electric drive development from the supplier‘s view …” „… drivers for the automobile of tomorrow. The challenges arising from these developments are being …”

G. Hellenbroich Low-cost DCT for emerging markets incl. 48 V hybridization S. I-67-I-78

„… to dual clutch transmissions (DCTs). Hybridization of front-wheel drive transmissions The vast …” „… majority of today’s cars are based on front-wheel-drive platforms with transversally installed internal …” „… of typical front wheel drive architectures. In a straight forward approach, an additional shaft …”

H. Göbbels, S. Scholz, S. Volkmer Efficient 6-speed manual transmission for modern downspeeding solutions S. I-411-I-426

„… efficiency. The MQ281-6F (six-speed, front-wheel drive) was developed as a 2.5-shaft solution for a onebox …” „… 4MOTION all-wheel drive in sport sedans such as the Golf R. In addition, its specific …” „… four-wheel drive applications and electrified drive configurations can be implemented. Furthermore, the hole …”

R. Dold New powertrain concepts for heavy duty commercial vehicles S. III-9-III-18

„… electrically powered rear axle with electric motors close to the wheel hubs. The powerful lithium-ion …” „… : The forecast on future annual driven mileage from Prognos for EU28 market results in an increase of …” „… infrastructure because the catenary has to be built-up on every single street throughout Germany/Europe …”

S. Foulard, S. Rinderknecht, F. Braun, P. Jardin ecoLIFE3: An approach for a resource-efficient dimensioning of vehicle components based on a holistic optimization with real life load data –paradigm shift in transmission engineering based on big dat... S. I-213-I-226

„… drivetrain model for a B-segment car with the patented driveREAL method [5]. The usage profiles are …” „… testing procedures. However, these procedures are defined by a very small group of drivers who by far …” „… most extreme drivers while balancing this with the monetary advantage of smaller dimensioned parts …”

C. Kim New next generation eight-speed automatic transmission for FWD vehicles S. I-397-I-410

„… front-wheel-drive vehicle, which was recently developed, substantially reduced the overall length based on the …” „… them a single element. Although the annulus gear and the transfer drive gear in the front planetary …” „… transmission for front-wheel (A8F42), which is currently in production, has three sets of planetary gears …”

C. Möser, T. Märkle, K. Hornung Effective acoustic development of electrified powertrains – Combination of simulation and evaluation methods S. I-329-I-348

„… available for acoustic assessment of the component under analysis. Single parts, such as a gear wheel or a …” „… powertrain design is shown in Fig. 7. The gearbox here is placed on a four-wheel drive test rig with four …” „… the first drive shaft. Fig. 12: Operating deflection shape of wheel set with second drive shaft …”

C. Leonhardt, M. Otto, K. Stahl Potential of lightweight construction and component properties of joined spur gears S. I-179-I-196

„… vehicle is located in the drive train. Rotating parts not only influence the mass of the drive train, but …” „… prototype process notches have been cut by laser. Subsequently the single sheet components are stacked and …” „… approximately linear correlation in the fatigue strength area for single logarithmic representation. A value …”

M. Özbek, J. Trommer, K. Akiyama, Y. Yamada Nidec next generation electric traction motor S. II-77-II-84

„… coils are inserted around a single stator tooth, it offers a very compact structure thanks to the …” „… compatible with AWD vehicles with an optional clutch mechanism that can be disengaged when one wheel pair …” „… VDI-Berichte Nr. 2354, 201982 Cooling The cooling concept of an electric drive system is essential for the …”

A. Esser, J.-E. Schleiffer, T. Eichenlaub, S. Rinderknecht Development of an optimization framework for the comparative evaluation of the ecoimpact of powertrain concepts S. I-137-I-162

„… maximum torque at the wheels. The single-speed BEV needs a high amount of installed power in order to …” „… of 143.078 driven kilometres. The occurrence frequency of operating states as a function of velocity …” „… composed out of six single criteria θ1, θ2,…,θ6, where v is the velocity, a is the longitudinal …”

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Land.Technik AgEng 2017

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2300 2017

Results in this title

K. Szalay, L. Kovács, G. Bércesi, I. Oldal, E. Piron, J. Charlat, T. Joly, C. Poncet, F. Tran Agricultural Tire Energy Efficiency test method and dedicated equipment to measure the fuel consumption and traction of agricultural tires under real field conditions S. 407-416

„… on physical variables that can be measured directly at the wheel centre, namely the drive torque (T …” „… single wheel tester shown in Figure 2. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2300, 2017 409 Fig. 2: IRSTEA single wheel …” „… repeatable measurements are needed of drive torque (T), the rotation speed of the wheel ( ), the net …”

F. Haussmann, R. Obermeier- The CLAAS AXION 900 TERRA TRAC Product Range – Benefits of the CLAAS Axion 900 halftrack tractor concept Hartmann equipped with CLAAS Big Driver Terra Trac S. 127-134

„… concept equipped with CLAAS Big Driver Terra Trac M.-Eng. François Haussmann, CLAAS Tractor …” „… similar to the one of a wheel tractor. It also shows that thanks to an optimized version of the Terra …” „… comfort to its driver and takes advantage of its architecture to offer a very high autonomy. 2. Market …”

R. Bumberger, W. Klinger, D. Botev Electric traction drive on a plough – More power for the driveline S. 23-30

„… developed an electrical single-wheel drive named GPE50. A two stage planetary gear box ensures a high power …” „… drive an additional (fifth) wheel on the plough to help with traction, offers new possibilities …” „… Electric traction drive on a plough More power for the driveline Dipl.-Ing.(FH) Rainer …”

R. Schmetz Calculation of the losses in series-hybrid powertrains S. 513-520

„… , electric power-split or serieshybrid powertrains with electric single-wheel drives, here the ESHP is based …” „… further calculations and in contradiction to [3], it can also be shown that electric single-wheel drives …” „… comparative MHPSP is deleted by mechanical brakes. The typical power demand of a single driver unit is …”

D. Hast, B. Rosenbaum Predict the unpredictable – Benefits and limits of machine data analytics and component health prediction S. 529-536

„… case of a wheel driven vehicle. For vehicles with varying vehicle weight, like a combine harvester …” „… representative drive-cycle, the deviation between the directly measured signal and the signal determined by …” „… fleets instead of single “wired” vehicles. In this contribution, we highlight engineering procedures and …”

A. Meiners, S. Häberle, S. Böttinger Advancement of the Hohenheim Tractor Model – Adaption on current demands S. 245-254

„… discussed below. The tyre-soil model to determine drawbar pull/slip-curves for each single wheel of the …” „… preparation, seeding, fertilizing). The simulation models for single machines, as they are developed at the In …” „… . Simulation models for single machines For the determination of fuel consumption simulation models of the …”

K. Ritters, P. Winkelhahn, L. Frerichs, B. Kriebel Determining saving potentials in a tractor drivetrain using a simulation model and measured operating data S. 297-302

„… cases of operation and performance requirements of each single consumer is fundamental. In the scope …” „… simulation model, which was built up, represents the drive train of a Claas Xerion 4000 with a nominal …” „… model is built up in Matlab/Simulink, using the Simscape Toolbox. To be able to change single …”

A. Bürger, S. Böttinger Driving comfort analysis of an agricultural tractor with the Hohenheim Tyre Model on complex tracks S. 263-272

„… Abstract The driving comfort of agricultural tractors – meaning the driver’s isolation from whole-body …” „… controllability during severe driving manoeuvres. One the other hand, the occupational safety of the driver …” „… driving seat, the driver’s cabin or the whole vehicle. Subjective impressions of the driver can hardly be …”

T. Oksanen Extending ISO 11783 for four wheel steering and implement steering S. 461-468

„… single actuator (like front wheel steering). Considering navigation needs of modern tractor-implement …” „… Extending ISO 11783 for four wheel steering and implement steering Dr.-Ing. Timo Oksanen …” „… communication between a guidance system and a tractor with a single actuator, but nothing more. In this paper …”

B. Köber-Fleck, P. Ahlbrand, S. Böttinger, H. Korte Telematics and Big Data Analytics – An Effective Way to Quantify Fuel Saving Potentials – A Proof of Concept by the Joint Research Project EKoTech S. 227-236

„… saving potentials is not depending on the driver’s skills. Nevertheless, harvest conditions such as …” „… sufficient telematics data set is available to compare wheel and rubber tracked undercarriages for the same …” „… installed engine power from 430 to 610 horse power and the use of wheels or rubber tracked undercarriages …”

F. Hantschack, R. Rahmfeld, J. Bagusch, A. Meyer, E. Dohm Development of a high performance continuously variable drive for mobile agricultural and construction machinery S. 315-322

„… developed continuously variable propel drive is based on a single-motor concept while using the wide-angle …” „… Development of a high performance continuously variable drive for mobile agricultural and …” „… Abstract The development of mobile agricultural and construction machinery is more and more driven by the …”

J. Karner, C. Danner, A. Kerschbaumer, H. Prankl Definition of a test method to evaluate vibrations acting on a tractor driver S. 255-262

„… Definition of a test method to evaluate vibrations acting on a tractor driver Dr. Jürgen Karner …” „… roads, affect the health of the driver. In case of machine operation by employees, the compliance with …” „… drives and slightly adapted in terms of vehicle speed and load situation (ballast, axle loads etc …”

D.-J. Stapel 4-row potato harvester based on a mirrored product flow concept S. 505-512

„… the machine. Road Regulation Mirroring two machines and combining them in to a single machine …” „… closed to the side. The solution for this issue was letting the machine drive in crab steering, so …” „… behind the intake. This feature brings a second very important advantage. As the front and rear wheels of …”

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Dritev – Drivetrain for Vehicles 2020

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2373 2020

Results in this title

P. Lück, K. Bennewitz, J. Tousen, J. Peter The front-axle drive of the MEB – Volkswagen expands the e-drive portfolio S. I-7-I-26

„… 4.4 Single-speed transmission In order to drive the wheels, the torque and speed (maximum 13,500 rpm …” „… . Within this paper, new insights into the all-wheel drive train of the ID. 4 are presented in detail. In …” „… all-wheel drive, like for the ID. 4 powertrain (fig. 2), Volkswagen is expanding the MEB portfolio to …”

P. Ramet Dedicated hybrid transmissions (DHT) by PUNCH Powerglide – Innovative concepts for optimized DHT in terms of efficiency, cost and packaging S. I-253-I-270

„… modes, a single electric machine transmits power to the wheels, while the other charges the battery …” „… front or rear drivetrain are required. The main driver for DHT and DHE (Dedicated Hybrid Engines …” „… driven by an internal combustion engine and an electric machine, offer multiple running modes where the …”

M. Deiml High speed electric drive system – A solution for the next generation E-cars S. II-49-II-62

„… a two ton rear wheel driven car with well dimensioned 5000 Nm axle torque. A trend for …” „… sophisticated BEVs, that we observe on the market, is torque vectoring. Each wheel can be driven and controlled …” „… loss of pressure. To address this issue ring gear of the final drive and the 1st stage gear wheel are …”

C. Danzer, T. Voigt, A. Forell, M. Sens, E. Schreiterer, R. Kockisch, J. Müller, E. Schneider The systematic way to your sustainable powertrain platform – holistic and customizable – Systematical methods to investigate mobility scenarios of tomorrow S. I-385-I-402

„… capability requires an all-wheel-drive system. Here the second e-motor is mounted at the rear axle. The …” „… Antriebssystemen erzeugt, welche systematisch hinsichtlich CO2-Tank-to-Wheel, Well-to-Wheel, Cradle-to-Grave sowie …” „… are systematically optimized in regard of CO2 Tank-to-Wheel, Well-to-Wheel, Cradle-to-Grave, primary …”

S. Demmerer Next generation electric drives S. II-63-II-74

„… element between the electric motor and the wheels. A four-wheel drive battery electric vehicle (4WD BEV …” „… replacing a single speed drive by a 2-speed drive, 4,7% range extension could be achieved. [1] Future …” „… vehicles are using 650V voltage level to provide 200 – 400 kilowatts (kW) power for one single drive. This …”

T. Casper, G. Spengler, M. Bromberger The high-efficiency fully electric drivetrain of the new Porsche Taycan S. I-289-I-304

„… report presents the all-wheel drive concept of the Porsche Taycan and goes into detail about the front …” „… wheel torque of over 12,000 Nm in the Turbo S (total of front and rear axle drive unit). The result is …” „… electric drive. For Porsche, this was the cornerstone of a well-though-out strategy. Even then, the …”

C. A. Spangler Borg Warner’s P1 and P2 hybrid drive modules – Modular kit for P1 and P2 hybrids S. I-221-I-232

„… the driveline, and the electric motor leverages the ratios of the gearbox to drive the wheels …” „… Borg Warner’s P1 and P2 Hybrid Drive Modules Modular Kit for P1 and P2 Hybrids Christopher A …” „… , and Integrated Hybrid Drive Modules Among the many hybrid architecture configurations, the P2 …”

P. Tenberge, A. Alnahlaui E-drive and hybrid-drive with 2 high-speed E-motors and a 2-speed gearbox S. I-233-I-252

„… flows to a differential and from there to the driven wheels. A third shaft 3 of the transmission system …” „… cooling. Fig. 7: 3D-Layout of the electrical drive-unit with 2 E-motors and 2 driving modes …” „… ratio range no further gearbox is necessary for such a hybrid drive. A wide range of drivetrains for …”

A. Esser, T. Eichenlaub, S. Rinderknecht Real-driving-based comparison of the eco-impact of powertrain concepts using a data-driven optimization environment S. I-309-I-342

„… Real-Driving-Based Comparison of the Eco-Impact of Powertrain Concepts using a Data-Driven …” „… contribution we present a data-driven optimization environment that enables to identify the ecological …” „… on an uniform evaluation basis. To exploit the potential of each single powertrain parametrization …”

G. Gardner Ford MACH-E Primary Electric Drive Unit S. I-1-I-6

„… is flexible and “plugs and plays” into a range of 4x2 vehicles (single drive unit) and AWD/4X4 …” „… park module or in the secondary drive position on all wheel drive vehicles without the integrated park …” „… Ford MACH-E Primary Electric Drive Unit Greg Gardner, Ford Motor Company, Livonia Michigan, USA …”

K. Kim New high efficiency CVT for middle class FWD vehicle S. I-271-I-284

„… smaller. The newly Continuous Variable Transmission(CF28) for the front-wheel-drive vehicle which was …” „… Figure 1 below shows that the CVT for front-wheel (CF18), which is currently in production, has one …” „… recent fuel efficiency regulations. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2373, 2020274 The front-wheel CVT(CF18), which is …”

D. Vietze, M. Hein, K. Stahl Method for a cloud based remaining-service-life-prediction for vehicle-gearboxes based on big-data-analysis and machine learning S. I-403-I-416

„… and kinds of machinery. 2. Motivation Transmissions are a key component of vehicle drive trains …” „… agricultural machinery would not work the usual way without gearboxes in their drive trains. Over the last …” „… . Nevertheless, failures occur and can lead to a total loss of drive. With increasing lifetime and millage this …”

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Friction Potential Estimation for Autonomous Driving

Thorsten Lajewski

Series: Verkehrstechnik/Fahrzeugtechnik

Volume 816 2022

Results in this title

Development of a Friction Potential Measurement Method S. 55-80

„… full braking test. This method will be called Single Wheel Braking (SWB) in thefollowing chapters …” „… proving groundthat this method is safe to use on public roads. The proving ground Single WheelBraking (SWB …” „… all-wheel drive Mercedes S-Class equipped with several extra sensors shown in figure 3.1.The vehicle’s ESC …”

Introduction S. 1-35

„… temperatures and the driven velocity exist. A typical SKM truckand the measurement wheel can be seen in figure …” „… methodto front or rear wheel driven vehicles and acceleration situations. Small differences inthe tyre …” „… isonce again calculated using the wheel speeds of both driven and undriven axles. Therelationship between …”

Bibliography S. 155-174

„… . Single Wheel Braking - A New Methodto Measure Friction Potential on Public Roads. In: The IAVSD …” „… of DriverAssistance Systems: Basic Information, Components and Systems for Active Safety andComfort …” „… Administration.4. KLAUER, S. G.; DINGUS, T. A.; NEALE, V. L. et al. The impact of driver inattentionon …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XX

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553.2 Measurement Method - Single Wheel Braking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573.2.1 Safety …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 874.1.3 Comparison with Single Wheel Braking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 904.2 RoadSTAR Measurements …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 974.2.3 Comparison with Single Wheel Braking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1015 Intermediate Layer …”

Grip Map S. 81-103

„… SKM and RoadSTAR meas-urements, the single wheel braking tests have been conducted. At the 74 SWB …” „… % covering due to increased traffic onthe lap.894 Grip Map4.1.3 Comparison with Single Wheel BrakingDespite …” „… now compared to the results of the single wheel brak-ing measurements. A good correlation between both …”

Remaining Risk of Overestimating the Friction Potential S. 127-135

„… dry friction potential value isused for planning. The single wheel braking tests conducted on the …” „… Requirements for Normal DrivingSeveral naturalistic driving studies with human drivers have been conducted in …” „… thepast. Although the AV might drive differently from human drivers, the cars will sharethe roads with …”

Intermediate Layer Classification S. 104-126

„… measured during the single wheel braking interval as groundtruth. The measurements of both MARWIS sensors …” „… automaticwiper control software. During all test drives, the wiper setting was set to the mostsensitive automatic …” „… guarantee thatanother vehicle has driven the same road in front of the vehicle requiring the inform-ation …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186816122

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Powertrain Systems in Mobile Machines 2022

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2402 2022

Results in this title

L. Serrao Driving the electric transformation – The evolution of off-highway powertrain S. 135-150

„… drives, with one motor at each wheel. The KPIs selected and their evaluation are specific for the target …” „… high travel speed, ability to deliver the traction force on a single axle or even a single wheel (due …” „… wheel drives are common for those machines. 3. System configuration As mentioned in the previous …”

R. Morrison, J. Legner Future Electrified Drivetrain for Off-Highway in the 60-80kW Power Range S. 163-170

„… drive shaft needed to drive the opposite axle. As many medium size vehicles are full-time four-wheel …” „… drive the smaller front wheels of the backhoe in off-road conditions. Some individual components were …” „… wheel loaders. Inline with market demand, the focus has been on system solutions for compact machinery …”

S. Eichler, C. Guernsey The Wheel Loader of Tomorrow: Proof-of-Concept Vehicle & Learnings from Full-Electric Drivetrain Conversion S. 185-198

„… selection used in our POC’s electric system. The propel function in our wheel loader consists of a single …” „… electric motor without necessarily changing the rest of the drivetrain. Keeping a single power source …” „… The Wheel Loader of Tomorrow: Proof-of-Concept Vehicle & Learnings from Full-Electric …”

S. Rinderknecht, S. Foulard, R. Fietzek Resource-efficient dimensioning, usage and maintenance of machine components through AI-based virtual sensors S. 241-XII

„… driveREAL-algorithm , it is possible to generate realistic driving cycles (i.e. timeseries), which for instance …” „… represent a particular usage or a region. The foundation for driveREAL consists in all usage profiles, which …” „… machinery usage, the driveREAL-algorithm is capable of generating driving cycles which incorporate all …”

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LAND.TECHNIK AgEng 2023

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2427 2023

Results in this title

S. Willems, R. Himmelsbach, S. Igl Electric powertrain solutions for tractors – An introduction to a highly integrated electric axle drive system S. 295-300

„… diesel- or methane-electric vehicle architectures [1],[2], electric single wheel drive solutions [1], or …” „… fourth, a mechanical front wheel drive should be considered from the beginning. The integrated electric …” „… wheels. With two additional final drive planetary gear sets in each wheel head the layout delivers the …”

K. Kivekäs, A. Lajunen R. Stirnimann#S. Gfeller High-fidelity simulation modelling of agricultural mobile robots S. 255-262

„… modelling software [9]. The robot was designed to be rear-wheel drive with a beam axle in the rear, and the …” „… wheels. The peak caused the controller to momentarily drive the torque all the way down to zero. After …” „… between approximately 8 s and 26 s in the simulation, the slip ratio of the driven wheels remained at …”

C. Mayer, T. Eberhart, K. Huber, J. Karner Fuel cell electric tractor powered with biogenic hydrogen – Vehicle design and architecture S. 57-62

„… to costs and simplicity reasons. The transmission drives in addition to the wheels the hydraulic …” „… from the e-Drive gearbox drives a shaft connected to the front PTO. The front axle with four-wheel …” „… risks and costs. The CVT-driveline is driven by the e-Drive with 95 kW continuous output power. The …”

R. Konradt, S. Schmidt Design of an adjustable lightweight stilt tractor – Concept tractor for the application of biological control in maize S. 289-294

„… all-wheel drivetrain. To ensure optimum traction despite the low weight and narrow tyres of the stilt …” „… status as a single-item production that is installed on a temporary basis on existing equipment …” „… three-cylinder diesel engine with a particulate filter. The drive function is realised with a hydrostatic …”

C. A. Arévalo-Montaña, S. Böttinger Tractive effort prediction based on dynamic soil parameters S. 235-246

„… described and used in the parametrization of a model to predict the tractive effort of a single wheel. 3 …” „… effort measurement with the single wheel tester After the measurements with the Sinkage device and shear …” „… device in the soil bin, driving tests were performed with the single wheel tester to record the tractive …”

L. Angelucci, M. Mattetti, F. Pinet, A. Vertua Traction test methods to assess the energy efficiency of agricultural tractors and tires S. 263-268

„… braking units were driven at a speed equal to 3,6 kmh , and the pulling tractor increased its wheels speed …” „… (Fig. 1 – right). In both, differentials were locked, and the four-wheel drive was engaged. Fig. 1 …” „… flexion tires and four wheel force transducers. This tractor was connected to another used as a braking …”

B. Kazenwadel, S. Becker, L. Michiels, M. Geimer Data-driven algorithms for predicting energy-efficient operating points in agricultural soil tillage S. 519-528

„… neglected. The traction model assumes all-wheel drive, locked differentials, and that the overall traction …” „… characteristics of the tractor are similar to those of a single wheel. This assumption neglects the multi-pass …” „… line and then one line for each algorithm. Automatic steering and four-wheel drive were enabled. The …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024270

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DRITEV – Drivetrain for Vehicles 2021

VDI-Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2381 2021

Results in this title

D. Lechleitner, M. Hofstetter, M. Hirz, C. Gsenger, K. Huber Parking Lock Integration for Electric Axle Drives by Multi-Objective Design Optimization S. 303-318

„… driven axles (as common in EVs), the latter for vehicles with permanent all-wheel drives in conventional …” „… e-drive system are eligible. In the following, the focus is put on e-drives with a single …” „… single-speed, two-stage helical gearbox with offset output shaft When designing the e-drive system, a …”

S. Kaimer Power to the Wheels – Challenges and Benefits of Electrified AWD for EVs and Hybrid vehicles S. 117-124

„… Simon Kaimer, Magna Powertrain GmbH & Co. KG, Lannach, Austria Since the 1950s, all-wheel drive …” „… 1987, Mercedes-Benz launched the W124, with the 4Matic all-wheel drive system developed by Magna Steyr …” „… system enabled fuel consumption values close to a front-wheel drive, utilizing a Magna clutch and rear …”

A. Bagh, D. Magnor, J. Kneiber, F. Löhe eTransport – Application of axle-integrated e-drive in urban LCV and MD trucks S. 637-652

„… high friction losses. In addition VDI-Berichte Nr. 2381, 2021640 to this the single wheel drive …” „… software design. The BPW concept eTransport 7.5 t realizes the single wheel drive using two electrical …” „… space between the wheels and drive performance requirements is moderate for light commercial vehicles …”

B. Krüger, G. Filomeno, D. Dennin, P. Tenberge Holistic Design of All-Wheel Drive Electric Powertrains Using a Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm S. 377-394

„… Holistic Design of All-Wheel Drive Electric Powertrains Using a Multi-Objective Optimization …” „… aufzuzeigen. Abstract In this paper, all-wheel drive (AWD) systems in battery electric vehicles (BEVs …” „… driven by a central engine, electric all-wheel drive systems are realized as axle split systems. Both …”

A. Albers, M. Behrendt, J. Köber, T. Breitinger Development of a method for the automated validation of the shift quality of modern dual clutch transmissions on full-vehicle test benches S. 399-414

„… the torque on the wheel or drive train, gearshifts are subdivided into drive or coast gearshifts. If …” „… VDI-Berichte Nr. 2381, 2021400 consciously perceived by the driver, which is why ensuring optimum shift quality …” „… the torque is positive, these gearshifts are referred to as drive gearshifts. In the case of a …”

F. Langhammer, A. Kappes, A. Viehmann, S. Rinderknecht Novel “Two-Drive-Transmission for Long-Range” Powertrain: Ecology and Efficiency meet Driving Comfort S. 207-228

„… needed between all drive units and the wheels. The shifting elements C1 and C2 (both with three shift …” „… drive are located between all drive units and the wheels. In this specific layout, connecting the ICE …” „… front-wheel drive passenger cars, the available axial installation space is a limiting factor. The TDT4LR …”

J. De Landtsheere TREMEC HYbrid DRive Axle – HYDRA – Hybridization enables RWD dynamics in a FWD car S. 125-144

„… road with a two-wheel drive layout. In VDI-Berichte Nr. 2381, 2021 125 recent years, more and more …” „… the shown concept is a real P4 axle, in which the e-machine drives the rear wheels only, there is a …” „… much more pronounced rear wheel drive handling characteristic compared to a P3 or pure mechanical AWD …”

R. Resch, C. Danzer, A. Poppitz, T. Pirkl Alternative drivetrains for sustainable commercial vehicles S. 669-684

„… powertrains, starting with wheel individual electric motors or axle drives where the E-transmission is …” „… connected to the drive unit and the wheels via universal joints. The required maximum axle torque is …” „… performance in single or dual axle drive systems. Additionally it provides cost potentials for fleet …”

J. Shutty, A. Moser, D. Gajowski Analysis of propulsion system architectures across vehicle segments and markets S. 23-34

„… Motors, 2020 GT Global Users Conference Glossary AWD: All Wheel Drive BEV: Battery Electric …” „… PS: Powersplit RWD: Rear Wheel Drive Si: Silicon SiC Silicon Carbide SOC: State of …” „… and emissions legislation along with the constant drive for improved performance and energy …”

A. R. Lowis, R. Smith hofer H8-DCT-850 – High Performance Dual Clutch Transmission for transaxle application S. 179-190

„… , the lower for ratios 5-8. These driveshafts are then connected to a single output shaft, comprising …” „… art manufacturing facility. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2381, 2021 179 Key drivers for product development The …” „… . Transmission Concept Overview The H8-DCT-850 is a three-shaft design, incorporating a single split input shaft …”

P. Barve Gear Design Challenges of 2-speed-AMT High Torque E-Drives S. 499-516

„… layshaft, differential housing and the final drive wheel are the main contributors of the gear mesh …” „… Wheel Fig. 14: Design modifications to the Final Drive Wheel 3. Gear macrogeometry design Once …” „… Gear Design Challenges of 2-speed-AMT High Torque E-Drives Pranav Barve, VCST Industrial …”

L. de Ruijsscher TREMEC Hybrid Dual Clutch Transmission (HDCT) – Electrification of TREMEC’s high performance dual clutch transmission S. 159-178

„… . With a mid- or rear-engine configuration, this results in an all-wheel drive (AWD) vehicle, which does …” „… to immediately drive the wheels. Output flanges are nested inside the emotor to ensure sufficient …” „… electrified drivetrain solutions to the market. REFERENCES [1] TREMEC HYbrid DRive Axle – HYDRA, J. De …”

C. Schmidt, H. Dhejne, J. Karlsson High Efficient 2 speed e-Axle – Highly efficient and shiftable under load S. 145-158

„… requirements, which can no longer be supported by single speed architecture. A highly efficient 2speed e- Axle …” „… featuring single dry-clutch transmission and utilizing high-speed E-machine is the right answer to fulfill …” „… high efficienct e-drive of the customer with AVL´s 2speed transmission. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2381 …”

X. Zhang, F. Küçükay Driveability optimization of electrified powertrains utilizing machine learning based control and the interaction with ADAS/AD systems S. 361-376

„… : Serial-Parallel DHT 3 Objective driveability evaluation The vehicle driveability directly reflects the driver …” „… application of objective driveability evaluation system enables the quantification of driver's subjective …” „… drive, etc. Fig. 1 shows the classification of powertrains according to the degree of electrification …”

D. Morgenweck, M. Großmann, W. Fakler, M. Lamke, F. Bitzer ZF E-Mobility Software Functions for Commercial Vehicles S. 703-718

„… according to ISO26262. Fig. 4 lists the driving functions for a single-axle drive. The software modules are …” „… impacts. These heavy torque impacts occur abruptly when the driven wheels are spinning and then return to …” „… complete drivetrain is integrated into the wheel hubs. It consists of two 125 kW induction motors with two …”

H. Wittig, J. Engasser, A. Glavinic AEROFLEX – Distributed Hybrid Drivetrain for Long Haul Freight Vehicles S. 593-608

„… electronic control unit. Each wheel of the axle is driven by a liquid cooled asynchronous motor that is …” „… , torque requests to the driven axle are distributed equally between the left and right wheel whereby a …” „… improved by adding additional drive axles, which e.g. improve gradeability. This concept might allow …”

M. Häßler, O. Werner The Pendulum Rocker Damper – Providing flexible damper characteristics for hybrid powertrains S. 329-346

„… misfiring or wheel excitation (e.g. uneven road in conjunction with ABS braking). If hybrid drivetrains do …” „… driven to the coast side during the starting process. This means that, for the purpose of isolation, a …” „… damper can be operated with the lowest possible friction on the drive side (Fig. 4a), while the coast …”

M. Muether, B. Heuser, L. Virnich, A. Guedden, T. Luediger, D. van der Put Development trends towards CO2-neutral powertrains for HD applications S. 529-550

„… propulsion technologies that enable “Tank-to-Wheel” zero CO2 emissions, as well as their main challenges …” „… realistic. The major driver for the near-term use of H2 as a fuel is the EU’s increasingly stringent CO2 …” „… Tank-to-Wheel legislation carbon-free or low-carbon fuels produced from renewable sources are coming into focus …”

E. Schneider, C. Danzer, E. Schreiterer Modular and highly functional Hybrid Platform for subcompact cars up to full-size SUV S. 191-206

„… of a full-size SUV and the needs for a good off-road capability requires an all-wheel-drive system …” „… including the option of an electric all-wheel drive (eAWD) by using an electric rear axle. With this …” „… . Additionally an electric rear axle can be added to offer electric all-wheel drive functionality. For the …”

F. Bayer, J. Tochtermann Development of a Heavy-Duty E-Axle S. 621-636

„… driveline efficiency. To achieve maximum driveline efficiency, the main driver is the use of the neutral …” „… , with increasing production volumes of electrically-driven trucks, it will become increasingly …” „… two-speed transmission with three shafts, while path 2 includes e-motor 2 combined with a single …”

M. Giannantonio, S. Henzler, S. Rinderknecht Advanced Design of Dedicated Hybrid Drivetrains S. 77-100

„… shaft pack C SP1 – this spatial arrangement often occurs in front wheel-driven architectures between …” „… of 3D design concepts of dedicated hybrid drivetrains and electrical drive units is proposed to …” „… this paper (refer Fig. 1 lower part). In general, the approach is suitable for pure electric drive …”

G. Herbillon Performances Validation of an electrically-commanded dog clutch system for multi-speed and disconnectable eDrives S. 255-274

„… eDrives in order to reach vehicle performances (high wheels torque and high vehicle top speed) without …” „… disconnectable eDrives Dipl.-Ing. Gilles Herbillon, VC ST Industrial Products, Sint-Truiden, Belgium erfor …” „… branch of BMT Drive Solutions) is a recognized gears supplier from the automotive field, and relies on a …”

S. Dussinger, T. Wiedemann, B. Harter, B. Wiedenmann Simulation of induced axial forces on planet gear bearings at example of ZF’s 8-speed automatic transmission S. 469-486

„… implicit and explicit analysis and features a single-core-model technology to serve a wide variety of …” „… model for gear set 1. It consists of the inner sun shaft and wheel, four planets with carrier, a ring …” „… : Curve history for ramping up the rotation load on the drive side and the moment on the output side The …”

F. Müller-Deile Advanced design of electric machines for trailers with electric axles S. 653-668

„… driver assistance energy management systems and last but not least electrification of the drivetrain …” „… operation strategy for eDrive System Dr. Felix Müller-Deile, ZF Commercial Vehicle Control Systems …” „… combination. It was the industry first solution integrating a powerful electric drive in a semitrailer and …”

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LAND.TECHNIK 2022

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2395 2022

Results in this title

A. Opgenoorth, K. Schmitz Development of hydraulic drive systems in the context of electrified work machines S. 133-146

„… only able to provide a single pressure level, which all drives must use. For those drives with a lower …” „… systems, more than a single supply pressure is available for each drive. Using an independent meter valve …” „… efficient systems in machines with electric drives enables the introduction of new and advanced drivetrain …”

M. Mosker Current Developments and Challenges in the Range of Tractor Mounted Forage Harvesters S. 465-472

„… attached to their tractors. At first, the standard was single-row harvesting. As the engine performance of …” „… forage harvesters: They use a disc wheel to cut the crops. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2395, 2022 465 …” „… models, by means of disc conditioners. Fig. 2: Disc wheel [3] Fig. 3: Chopping drum [1 …”

L. Frerichs, L. Buck Structuring of electrified agricultural machine systems – Diversity of solutions and analysis methods S. 1-10

„… to electric drives for agricultural machines. However, the energy density of upcoming batteries is …” „… in liters of diesel required per kilometer driven, but in liters of diesel required per ton of crop …” „… resistance per kilometer driven. In contrast, the composition of the energy demand of agricultural machinery …”

D. Neitemeier, S. Spiekermann, D. Irmer, J. Baumgarten, A. Wilken Automatic adjustment of auger headers with variable table length to improve a continuous crop flow and reduce pickup grain losses of a combine harvester S. 235-242

„… crop flow and to reduce grain losses. In practice, the driver has to universally adjust the reel and …” „… increases the comfort of the driver and can also provide parallel actions of movements to ensure an optimal …” „… and cannot be notified to the driver. Currently the driver cannot continuously adjust the header to …”

R. R. Shamshiri, C. Weltzien, T. Schutte Multi-Sensor Data Fusion with Fuzzy Knowledge-based Controller for Collision Avoidance of a Mobile Robot S. 349-358

„… engine four-wheel drive (4WD) and four-wheel steering (4WS) Quatrak manufactured by Irus (IRUS …” „… four-wheel steering mobile robot by means of multiple infrared (IR) and laser distance detection sensors in …” „… could be driven remotely via a 2.4 GHz wireless transmitter, or be programmed to follow waypoints …”

C. Birkmann, J. Wieckhorst, J. Pieper, C. Ehlert, R. Stirnimann, M. Stettler The Integration of a Scientific Soil Compaction Risk Indicator (TERRANIMO) into a Holistic Tractor and Implement Optimization System (CEMOS) S. 29-36

„… capabilities of the tractor. By including the engine power, drive train and tire-soil efficiencies as well as …” „… or singles) need to be selected by the user. Based on the previously calculated axle loads and based …” „… well as below the front and rear wheel of a rubber-track undercarriage system. The longitudinal stress …”

K. Singh Sian Frugal Innovation – “Doing more with less” S. 193-202

„… exist before. In so called “third world countries” many innovations are driven differently. In India …” „… • Price driven due to GDP (Gross domestic product) The purpose of this presentation is to show the …” „… like the Backhoe loader from JCB (tractor based wheel loader & excavator merged as one product …”

G. Fiocchi Hybrid and full-electric solution for Telescopic Handler S. 147-152

„… . permissible weight 7700 kg Power 55,4 kW Max torque 300 Nm Traction force 38 kN Wheel radius (rolling) 370 …” „… power losses even at high input rotation speed. With a centreline distance of 220 mm, this single speed …” „… drivetrain electrification as a significant opportunity in order to limit emissions without reducing …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023952

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Commercial Vehicles 2019

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2350 2019

Results in this title

G. Nitzsche, J. Engasser, P. Mentink AEROFLEX – Advanced Energy Management in Distributed Powertrains S. 281-292

„… 74 tons, 11.5 tons on a single driven axle result in a percentage of merely 16%. VDI-Berichte Nr …” „… vehicles by adding additional drive axles, which e.g. improve gradeability. This paper gives an overview …” „… (GETMS). To the truck a dolly is coupled, which has a steerable front axle and an electrically driven …”

J. Hintereder, S. Sattler, U. Gunzert Development of a disruptive semitrailer tractor in light-weight construction S. 45-60

„… single wheel) Mode 2: Torsion about the longitudinal axis (road unevenness) Mode 3: Bending about the …” „… drivelines and alternative drive systems. As of now, our assumption is that a dead weight of < 5.3 t can be …” „… changes in their market. To name just the most important changes, these include more drive power, more …”

M. Lamke, M. Eisele, F.-D. Speck ZF Kit for E-Mobility Products for Commercial Vehicles S. 73-86

„… inverters without additional effort. This makes it very easy to build single- and multimotor drives. The …” „… represents the driving functions for a single-axle drive. The modular drive modules are divided into …” „… uncontrolled and occur abruptly when driven wheels are spinning and then return to a high friction surface …”

D. Vorgerd The Mercedes-Benz eCitaro – A modular concept for sustainable electro mobility in city bus operations S. 9-18

„… eCitaro’s drive system is provided by an electric portal axle with electric motors at the wheel hubs. The …” „… . For example the electronic drive control and corresponding brake management functionality have been …” „… drive and auxiliary units. In harsh winters, the consumption can rise to about 2 kWh/km, thus halving …”

C. Luján The new vehicle energy consumption calculation tool (VECTO) for heavy-duty vehicles – Scope and limitations S. 269-280

„… , 2019276 Torque and speed at the driven wheels Fuel consumption After the test is performed, the …” „… torque, the wheel angular speed, and vehicle speed. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2350, 2019272 2.2.2 Engine fuel …” „… and axle general provisions The transmission of power from the engine to the tyres and wheels …”

K. Feyerabend Over The Air Software Updates for commercial vehicle trailers – How to ensure latest software in all trailer ECUs S. 231-242

„… client also acts as a single point of contact for the OTA update backend in the cloud. In-Vehicle …” „… Available configuration vary from minimal braking system with a two wheel speed sensor / two modulator …” „… will require Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) functions to be added to the trailer. In summary …”

W. Schmitt, P. Huse, R. Koehnsen A new chassis-concept for electrified, light commercial vehicles based on innovative forming technologies S. 61-72

„… wheel hub drives, located at the rear axle. As already mentioned the overall dimensions of the chassis …” „… alternative drive systems. The development has been driven by a consequent lightweight design approach …” „… using conventional vehicle-platforms equipped with alternative drive systems. It offers new …”

G. Schünemann The eTrailer – Intelligent hybridization for heavy duty commercial vehicles – Electric drive installed in a semi-trailer and integrated in the truck & trailer overall brake system control leading to s... S. 87-98

„… The eTrailer – Intelligent hybridization for heavy duty commercial vehicles Electric drive …” „… industry first solution for integration of an electric drive in a trailer combined with a holistic control …” „… the electric drive. WABCO, the leading innovator and global supplier of technologies that improve the …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023501

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International Conference on Gears 2017

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2294 2017

Results in this title

B. Schlecht, T. Schulze, K. Riedel Tooth contact analysis under load on double helical-geared planetary gearboxes S. 83-96

„… . Berthold Schlecht, Dr.-Ing. Tobias Schulze, Dipl.-Ing. Konrad Riedel, DriveConcepts GmbH, Dresden …” „… , Calculation Software, DriveConcepts GmbH [3] Baumann, V.: Untersuchungen zur Last- und Spannungsverteilung an …” „… Berechnungskerns für die Software MDESIGN LVRplanet. Unveröffentlichte interne Arbeit, DriveConcepts GmbH 2007 …”

M. Oehler, B. Magyar, B. Sauer A new standardizable calculation method to predict the efficiency of worm gear drives S. 363-372

„… ) Here, T2 is the output torque on the worm wheel shaft, ω1 is the angular velocity of the drive shaft …” „… A new standardizable Calculation Method to predict the Efficiency of Worm Gear Drives Dipl.-Ing …” „… for the efficiency of worm gear drives was developed. This method is validated by experiments with …”

B. Schlecht, C. Ulrich, J. Bräunig Investigations on the influence of anisotropic material properties of gear teeth on their macroscopic behavior S. 659-668

„… resource-efficient drive technologies is provided by cold-rolling for the manufacturing of gear teeth, which has now …” „… behavior of the gear wheels is also very important, particularly in regard to the noise excitation in …” „… described by HOOKE’s law for every single point of the material: ⋅⋅ or ⋅⋅ (1) VDI-Berichte Nr …”

A. Furtmann, G. Poll Electrical stress and parasitic currents in machine elements of drive trains with voltage source inverters S. 109-118

„… plates, the insulation of single machine elements requires more effort. For the drive unit a motor with …” „… Electrical stress and parasitic currents in machine elements of drive trains with voltage source …” „… , Institute of machine design and tribology (IMKT), Hanover 1. Introduction Modern drive trains with …”

J. Thomas, C. Wirth Determination and improvement of bevel gear efficiency by means of loaded TCA S. 707-718

„… single contact point when the wheel is driving Pab,k [W] is the output power of one single contact …” „… automotive and industrial transmissions. Especially for the design of axle drives for passenger cars, trucks …” „… efficiency calculation for a practical Hypoid gear set of a typical passenger car axle drive. The effects of …”

H. Schreiber, T. Röthlingshöfer Kinematic classification of a gearbox comprising separate thrusted teeth and its advantages regarding existing approaches S. 267-280

„… tooth contact The single tooth is thrust outside while driven by the polygon. Doing so, the tooth is …” „… discussion of the linear guided single tooth is supported not only by the results of FE calculations, but …” „… Galaxie® Gearbox was in the midpoint of interest within drive engineering in the last years [1] [2] [3 …”

P. Norgauer, W. Sigmund, D. Kadach, K. Stahl Comprehensive simulation methods for crossed helical gear sets with the main focus on the calculation of contact patterns S. 353-362

„… high gear ratios in a single gear stage. FZG has developed the FVA-Software SCHRAD2 which serves for …” „… a single gear stage. Software tools can facilitate the design and calculation of crossed helical …” „… discretized by single points of contact. Every contact point has its own stiffness, which is symbolized by a …”

X. Kai, L. Guolong A compensation method of tooth surface error in continuous generating grinding based on the virtual-axis S. 1153-1160

„… for continuous generating grinding machine which requires dressing the wheel for many times. However …” „… , the problems of long trial grinding time, high cost in wheels and limitation of precision remain. To …” „… , force-induced error, and dressing error in the worm wheel [1]. The machining error cannot be eliminated with …”

Y. Zhao Curvature interference characteristic of conical surface Enveloping Spiroid S. 835-844

„… the entity of the grinding wheel. Key words: Spiroid drive; Curvature interference; Undercutting …” „… drive, as shown in Figure 1, was initially invented by Oliver E. Saari at Illinois Tool Works (ITW) in …” „… for hardening the spiroid surface. To defeat this shortage, an emery wheel may be used to grind the …”

R. Müller, L. Schirmer New tolerance concepts for the realization of steel-only worm gears S. 467-478

„… motivation Currently used worm gears or worm drives consist of a worm made out of steel and a worm wheel …” „… wheel and worm as well as the lack of running-in characteristics. Therefore, an optimal contact pattern …” „… wheel and worm datums and references must be adjusted in comparison to the currently used design …”

M. Baar, P. Oster, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Theoretical investigations of the load distribution of small sized crown gear sets different material pairings S. 1593-1610

„… gear wheels leads to axial forces and linked to this to complex bearing constructions. The mesh of …” „… gear set, combining a cylindrical gear with a plane/face gear wheel. Different to bevel gears, only …” „… the plane gear wheel has to be exactly adjusted for an optimized contact pattern; the axial position …”

C. Andersson Grinding or shaving? – Performance based economic decision support in the manufacturing of gears S. 1353-1364

„… required input data required to make a decision. With the performance driven cost model used during the …” „… automotive industry to drive improvement and change management work, new methodologies have emerged to …” „… manufacturing of the gear wheel were included in the anal- VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 20171354 ysis. This lead to …”

J. J. Liou, S. Rakuff The development of worm drives S. 503-516

„… The Development of Worm Drives Joe J. Liou, Ph.D., Stefan Rakuff, Ph.D. ABB Inc., Bloomfield …” „… , Connecticut, U.S.A. Abstract A worm drive is a geared power transmission device in which a worm meshes …” „… angle. The worm drive has been an active and challenging topic of technological study since Leonardo da …”

J. Fechler, M. Böhm, S. Aberle, V. Merz A contribution to the NVH behavior of plastic gears in automotive applications S. 1531-1540

„… drive train, autonomous driving and lightweight design are some of the main drivers within the actual …” „… longitudinal position of the seat. The gear set consists of a worm gear out of plastic and a worm wheel out of …” „… wheel (metal) and results in a higher TE. The dashed line shows the confirmation of the simulation …”

J. I. Pedrero, M. Pleguezuelos, M. B. Sánchez Load sharing model for spur gears with tip relief – An investigation on the influence of profile modifications on the mesh stiffness S. 795-806

„… relative rotation of the driving gear respect to the driven one, produce a sooner start of contact of the …” „… start of contact, the profile modifications are often used. A suitable tip relief on the driven gear …” „… . A proper tip relief on the driven gear moves the start of contact to the theoretical point on the …”

C. Weber, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Investigation on the flank surface durability of gears with increased pressure angle S. 173-184

„… of alternative involute gears was investigated. To find qualified variations for use in gear drives …” „… power density in the drive train. In this report gears with reference tooth shape (αn = 20°) as well as …” „… transmitting gear drives. Besides the economic advantages of the manufacturing process using straight-flank …”

P. Kauffmann, P. Schäflein, V. Heuer PM technology for the future powertrain S. 1289-1298

„… rear wheels when the 4-wheel drive option is selected. A wide tooth form was designed to support high …” „… global growth in demand for automotive powertrain components will continue in the coming years. Drivers …” „… , efficiency, running smoothness and drive train agility automakers and suppliers need to adapt products and …”

A. Carbonelli, J.-Y. Guerder Computing and minimizing the whining noise – Application to a bogie gearbox S. 517-526

„… by the gearbox. They generate dynamic mesh forces which are transmitted to the housing through wheel …” „… is a real railway gearbox which includes wheels, axle, stator, and motor as well as the housing and …” „… transmits the drive torque [1- 2]. STE corresponds to the difference between the actual position of the …”

C. Brecher, C. Löpenhaus, J. Brimmers Potential of free flank modifications for beveloid gears S. 553-564

„… front axle in a four wheel drive vehicle. The small need of design space and the reduced amount of …” „… marine transmissions, for the application within four wheel drive vehicles and robot transmissions …” „… Picture source: Porsche AG, Audi AG, Austal, Kuka Four wheel drive transmissions Marine transmissionsRobot …”

B. Sievers, M. Berger, J. Hermes Technical guideline for the quality determination of bronze S. 479-490

„… published in 2017, establishes a common understanding for the quality of bronze used for worm wheels. The …” „… consideration of the worm wheel material in the German standard DIN 3996 [3] and the international technical …” „… , which requires a combination of materials that resists scuffing. Modern industrial drive technology …”

C. Peng, C. Li, B. Chen Development of a test rig for transmission performances of precision planetary reducer S. 1127-1132

„… reducers such as cycloid driver and RV reducer are used widely in industrial robots field due to its …” „… ] investigated the torsional stiffness of harmonic drive experimentally and set up a test bench used electric …” „… stiffness, hysteresis and friction effects of harmonic drives in robot joint with the IRIS Facility. Wang[3 …”

A. Lohrengel, M. Heß Thrust cone bearings provide increased efficiency for helical gear units at moderate speed levels – Indications for possible energy saving potential in an expanded field of application S. 231-242

„… full film lubrication. For a single stage test gearbox noticeable increases in efficiency were …” „… pinion and flank the opposing wheel. The conical shape of the thrust cones and the contact surfaces …” „… ground to the sides of the wheel lead to a narrowing gap in the overlapping area. Lubrication fluid …”

K. Mao, V. Goodship, N. Madhav, R. Ramakrishnan, P. Langlois Experimental Investigations of Polymer Composite Gear Performance S. 1625-1636

„… significantly depending on the driving and driven gear materials. Keywords: polymer composite gears, tooth …” „… authors’ research on machine cut acetal gears [15]. In this method a single test gear pair is used. The …” „… a single gear pair compared with the several weeks required to perform full endurance testing on …”

H. Yakaria Gear Data Exchange (GDE) – goLive S. 1235-1246

„… Digitalization Digitalization of gear production needs networking of every single production process. Most of …” „… , hard machining and the quality inspection by gear measurement. These single processes can be connected …” „… the pinion and the wheel are described in element “gear”. Both gears are paired in the GDE using …”

S. T. Ping, Y. M. Shao, L. M. Wang, H. W. Li, J. Xu, Y. Cheng, J. Liu The influence of mesh misalignment on planetary gear set with time-varying mesh stiffness S. 219-230

„… . Parallel misalignment is defined as the axis of the planet wheel is parallel to the axis of the planet …” „… axis of the planet wheel is not parallel to the planet carrier hole, as illustrated in Fig. 1(b …” „… with parallel misalignment, Rbs and Rbp are sun wheel base radius and planet wheel base radius, αs and …”

B. Schlecht, F. Rudolph, S. Schumann Experimental studies and simulation of hypoid gear lapping S. 1403-1414

„… determination of these is largely dependent on experiments and the experience of single employees. Lapping is …” „… processes involved in abrasion, frequently regarding single particles or asperities [7, 8]. Limited …” „… equation. ∆ is the material volume abraded by a single hard particle, which can also be expressed as …”

M. Kalin, A. Kupec Wear and Fatigue Behaviour of Polymer Gears under Controlled Temperature Conditions S. 1637-1648

„… manufacturer’s data sheet. Driving SS gear / pinion Driven POM gear / wheel Module (mm) 1 1 Number of teeth 17 …” „… the driving/driven gear [12] can all influence the surface temperatures generated and thus influence …” „… the driven shaft with a magnetic brake unit that provides a braking torque. Both shafts are equipped …”

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International Conference on Gears 2023

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2422 2023

Results in this title

L. Binanzer, L. Merkle, M. Dazer, A. Nicola Pitting Detection for Prognostics and Health Management in Gearbox Applications S. 97-108

„… , such as offshore wind power drives. Pitting damage on gears usu-ally occurs on single or adjacent teeth …” „… bench, a single stage spur gearbox is developed. The test gearbox is used on a test bench, which is …” „… . Introduction Gear drives are important machine components for adjusting speed and torque in many mobile and …”

Y. Koch, E. Kirchner, J. Hirschmann Measuring Instantaneous Angular Speed using a Gear Wheel as Material Measure to detect Pitting Damage during an Endurance Test S. 81-96

„… with the DriveRadar® IG Edge Processing Unit from SEW-Eurodrive every 60 minutes for a duration of 30 …” „… , MR Z3, MR B, MR C DriveRadar® IG Edge Processing Unit Sampling frequency: 50 kHz; sampling duration …” „… Measuring Instantaneous Angular Speed using a Gear Wheel as Material Measure to detect Pitting …”

I. Hong, D. Talbot Tooth Bending Strain Rate Analysis in a Counter Shaft Drivetrain and Implications on Fatigue Strength S. 53-66

„… and if two significantly different strain rates can exist within a single drive unit. Traction motors …” „… which is driven by strain rate dependent plasticity behaviors. This study combs through current …” „… literature and provides an analysis on an example countershaft electric vehicle drive unit to explore what …”

L. Becker, P. Tenberge Crossed helical gears – simulative studies and experimental results on non-involute geometries S. 1499-1514

„… system of the worm, the wheel and the virtual counterpart rack are shown in Figure 1. The polynomial …” „… tooth root fillet factors of the worm and the wheel, the fillet curve radii are designed at the rack …” „… . One side each of the spatial couterpart rack generates the contour of the worm and the wheel, by using …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XXVIII

„… , GermanyMarker-Free, Single Item Traceability in Gear Wheel Production Based on Inherent Surface Patterns 1877T …” „… using a Gear Wheel as Material Measure to detect Pitting Damage during an Endurance Test 81Y. Koch, E …” „… , 2023 | 15:31:04 | 148 mm x 210 mm Planetary gears: NVHVibration reduction of planetary gear drive using …”

M. Reichl, P. Lenz, A. Oliva Challenges and possibilities of virtual development of e-axle transmissions S. 485-498

„… , which must be managed and optimized. In addition, the efficiency of the drive system plays a major role …” „… . Introduction There are three main concerns in the development of today's gear drives: load capacity …” „… total power loss are shown in Fig 1. The load-independent power loss 𝑃 has the largest single share of …”

P. Chavan, M. Lutz Validation of an industrial gearbox model for predicting vibro-acoustic behavior S. 619-632

„… modelling of the individual flexible bodies, bearings, joints, gear wheels as well as meshing excitation …” „… model of a basic single-stage gearbox was validated. The mesh stiffness of the helical spur gear pair …” „… well as run-out values are considered in the rigid gear wheel primitives of the MBS software. Tooth …”

C. Kirchhoff, P. Tenberge Optimization of the vibrational behavior of ZI crossed helical gears with a plastic wheel and a steel worm S. 1419-1434

„… drives has become a priority. Crossed helical gears with steel worm and plastic wheel are often used in …” „… Optimization of the vibrational behavior of ZI crossed helical gears with a plastic wheel and a …” „… the primary drive trains of automobiles, so that the minimization of noise emissions from secondary …”

B. Abert, D. Werner The Influence of Wheel Body Design on Airborne Noise S. 357-366

„… The Influence of Wheel Body Design on Airborne NoiseBenjamin Abert M.Sc., FVA GmbH, Garching …” „… excitation. Although it is known that periodic modifications can limit the excitation for a single load [1 …” „… increases. One way to introduce ghost orders is to add holes to the wheel body. This can be seen in the …”

O. Harris, C. Poyser, R. Patel, O. Shires Developing CAE solutions for Robotics gears: Cycloidal and Strain Wave Gear Drives S. 1111-1124

„… applied to the FS, and the tooth loads (see Fig. 13) and a single static TE of the drive calculated. The …” „… Developing CAE solutions for Robotics gears: Cycloidal and Strain Wave Gear DrivesLeveraging more …” „… included in a model of a full drivetrain system to create an RV drive: a two-stage reduction mechanism …”

J. Langhart, S. Ebrahimi, T. Kelichhaus A comparison of time and frequency domain approaches for NVH S. 583-598

„… design variants of a typical EV drive model. The evaluation of the NVH results is done by comparing …” „… on two shafts, representing the left and right wheel of the vehicle (figure 1). VDI-Berichte Nr …” „… results into 14,000 single integration time step. The CPU time to solve this problem was 15 hours on a …”

W. Wagner, S. Schumann, B. Schlecht The relevance of pinion deflection and twisting for loaded tooth contact analysis of high reduction hypoid gears S. 829-838

„… using BEM or FEM [4]. In the case of FEM influence numbers, wheel body stiffnesses may also be taken …” „… . 3: Maximum pressure and maximum nodal displacement for convergence analysis The crown wheel is …” „… modelled as a segment. Since the influence of pinion deformation is to be investigated, the crown wheel is …”

M. Fürst, S. Sepp, D. Schweigert, M. Otto, K. Stahl Experimental Investigation of Moving Contact Pattern in Helical Planetary Gearboxes S. 569-582

„… wheels and the operating conditions. To determine the exact load distribution, detailed simulations or …” „… Nr. 2422, 2023570face width. To do so, multiple strain gauges must be applied in a single tooth root …” „… distribution in dependency of the carrier rotational position. For a final drive with strain gauges applied at …”

P. E. Schnetzer, J. Pellkofer, K. Stahl Calculation method for wear of steel-bronze rolling-sliding contacts relating to worm gears S. 907-926

„… usually used in industrial applications with the material pairing of hard worm and softer worm wheel …” „… the amount of wear on worm wheels. For this reason, a model contact wear test was developed applying a …” „… behavior of steel-bronze rolling-sliding contacts regarding worm wheels. Therefore, the basics for the new …”

L. Bonaiti, M. Brambilla, P. Chiariotti, A. Cigada, C. Gorla, G. Boni, P. Codeluppi The effect of pinion axial positioning on noise and transmission error of face hobbed and face milled bevel gears S. 839-852

„… [2]. This implies that there will be only a single location in which the contact is favourable [2 …” „… relative position between the pinion and the wheel is therefore well understandable, especially when it …” „… comes to e-drive – powered vehicles, where it is not possible anymore to rely on the masking effect …”

A. I. Aydeniz Modelling and Analysis of the Effect of Root Modification on Load Sharing and Stress Values on Spur Gears S. 1039-1062

„… the study, a modification was applied only on the gear wheel and it was aimed to make the gear pair …” „… standard gear wheel and the modified one are given in the figures. 2. Model Used in the Analyses A …” „… and tip relief parameters,  Constant or varying driving and driven torques,  Profile and cumulative …”

J. Gründer, A. Monz Analytical Method for Calculating the Nominal Tooth Root Stress in Worm Gear Shafts S. 1091-1110

„… wheel primarily against damage of the wheel because of wear, pitting or breakage of the teeth. The aim …” „… of research in the last decades is to optimize the load capacity on the worm wheel by using …” „… , the worm shaft is usually made of case-hardened steel and the worm wheel of a copper-tin alloy to …”

L. Amar Review of the definition of the loads for spur and helical gears in standards and handbooks S. 301-314

„… pinion and wheel tangential forces when the sum of shift profiles is none-zero. Methodology In response …” „… angle/spiral angle : Normal pressure angle : Bevel pitch angle of gear 𝐴 : Apex factor : Drive factor 𝑅 …” „… the sign of forces. - Separating force positive toward the driven element. - Thrust force positive …”

A. Carvalho, R. Rego, N. Fukumasu, D. Tamayo, F. Nascimento, I. Machado PVD Deposition of Nb-MoS2 Coatings on Gear Carburized Steel S. 1071-1082

„… . [2] Hailu H. et al. Design and fatigue analysis of an E-drive transmission system of single …” „… e-mobility and the continuous drive for higher efficiency in these systems, there arises a need for advanced …” „… residual stress states in the samples. One was performed using an Al2O3 grinding wheel, while the other …”

M. Ruzek, R. Brun, F. Ville, P. Velex, Y. Marchesse On the reduction of windage power losses in gears by the modification of tooth geometry S. 785-800

„… interactions between a pinion and a gear [12] but, in the present study, only the WPL for one single gear is …” „… (indicated by a yellow arrow). There are two main differences between steel and PLA wheels. (1) The flank of …” „… the wheel made of steel is smoother than the PLA flank surface, which is likely to generate more …”

A. Beinstingel, F. Haringer, W. Sigmund, M. Heider, B. Pinnekamp, S. Marburg Investigation of Sound and Vibration Behavior of Cylindrical Gears S. 599-618

„… Munich, GermanyAbstractAs technology progresses, the demands placed on drive trains are continuously …” „… radiation of a single-stage gearbox in three-dimensional space. The computational approach is split in each …” „… [13] is applied in this paper to investigate the sound and vibration behavior of a single …”

S. Sklenak, D. Mevissen, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher, B. Lenz, A. Mehner Analysis of Load Cycles and Local Wear of Dry and Solid-Lubricated Gears S. 727-740

„… drives is limited due to the lubricant properties, for example by hygiene guidelines or high temperature …” „… fluctuations. Solid lubricants are an alternative to liquid lubricants in gear drives. However, the …” „… and complete layer failure. Microscopic wear analysis show that the wear on the pinion and wheel …”

I. Atanasovska, D. Momcilovic Analysis of new tooth profile design based on the biomimetics principles S. 945-956

„… in this field give the cylindrical helical gear drives with variable helix angle [14], and a novel …” „… dimensional characteristics: number of pinion teeth z1=20, number of wheel teeth z2=96; VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422 …” „… . Accordingly, the FEA used in this research is performed for the outer point of single pair contact on the …”

E. Virtanen, M. Kanerva, G. Szanti Fatigue testing of large sized bevel gears S. 897-906

„… of large bevel gear drives, for example those in the marine industry, are sometimes disappointing …” „… shrink fit centering piece and splines that prevent the pinion from free rotation on the shaft. The wheel …” „… is installed by using the splines and a locating cone at the center of the wheel. These fretting …”

D. Gallagher, E. Wiita, R. Weidig Improved Method for Validation of Root Stress in Polymer Gears S. 1333-1350

„… created VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023 1333using Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) or other CAD/CAM driven …” „… does not provide individual definitions for KA , Kv , KF and KF . Rather, the standard uses a single …” „… Single Tooth Bend testing, with stress at the critical point calculated using the hybrid approach …”

B. Guilbert, D. Dureisseix, P. Velex Hybrid models for the simulation of displacements and stresses in lightweight gears S. 315-328

„… (at the outer surface of the shaft) to a single central node. Tooth contacts are supposed to occur …” „… axial modes observed on a single pinion (see the 2-diameter mode in Figure 3-a for example) appear on …” „… 7949 Mode Type - 2 N.D. on wheel Coupled + 3 N.D. on wheel Coupled Coupled Fig. 8: Comparison between …”

E. Grabovic, A. Artoni, M. Gabiccini, E. Ciulli Exploration of trade-offs between NVH and efficiency in bevel gear design S. 853-880

„… settings.To determine the boundaries of the Pareto front, single-objective optimizations are initially carried …” „… , particularly for the initial single-objective minimizations. Subsequently, the initial guesses were provided by …” „… machine-tool setting identification algorithm, it is Fig. 5: Tool settings that define the grinding wheel …”

B. van Wissen, L. Pastukhov, F. Mitsuzuka, K. Iwanaga, A. Hasanovic NVH performance of thermoplastic gears: modelling and measuring S. 1389-1402

„… , and torsional angular displacement of the master and driven wheel, respectively. From this a combined …” „… the position it would occupy if the gear drive were perfect, visualized in Figure 2. The higher the …” „… gear (left) and rotational angle output errors compared to a perfect drive because of rotational …”

P. Romio Spur Gear Teeth Reconstruction via Direct Laser Deposition S. 1641-1664

„… (6) produce a fixed torque on the system [18]. 1. Test pinion 2. Test wheel 3. Drive gear case 4 …” „… particular cases. In recent years, an approach strongly driven by advances in Additive Manufacturing (AM …” „… tooth width 14.0 mm Working pitch diameter Pinion 73.2 mm Wheel 109.8 mm Tip diameter Pinion 82.46 . mm …”

B. Černe, N. Vukašinović, D. Zorko In-situ experimental methods for measuring tooth meshing displacements and wear during polymer gear tests using a high-speed camera with microscopy optics S. 1563-1580

„… driving pinion was composed of the selected steel grade, while the drive gear was made of POM-C. The main …” „… implemented, the procedure allows to accurately measure wear on each single tooth in a highly automated …” „… .2020.101078. [14] VDI 2736 – Part 4, Thermoplastic gear wheels - Determination of strength parameters on gears …”

F. Concli, M. N. Mastrone Latest advancements in the lubrication simulations of geared systems: a technology ready for industrial applications S. 499-518

„… phases), the latter involves only one single phase fluid. Churning losses are predominant in dip …” „… of smooth disks. The first scholar dealing with a (single) rotating gear was Ohlendorf [7]. Niemann …” „… simplest approach to study a single rotating gear is the so-called Moving Reference Frame (MRF). It is a …”

S. Sepp, A. Wenig, M. Otto, K. Stahl Acoustical behavior of periodic flank modifications under dynamic operating conditions S. 341-356

„… VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023 343Fig. 1: Principle of mesh stiffness for spur and helical gears: single tooth …” „… calculated in static conditions (n 0). The LTE describes the deflection between pinion and wheel under load …” „… test specimen Parameter Unit Pinion WheelNumber of teeth z1/z2- 33 35 Center distance a mm 140.00 …”

N. Blech, C. Paschold, T. Lohner, T. Tobie, K. Stahl, L. Amar Review of different calculation approaches for the mean coefficient of friction in ISO 6336 S. 191-210

„… flank surface roughness Ra of pinion and wheel (XR, see Equation (4)). The original source of Equation …” „… pinion and wheel was varied in a spectrum between 0.05 µm and 1.0 µm. Fig. 1 shows the resulting mean …” „… single equation for calculating the mean gear coefficient of friction. Nomenclature Center distance in mm …”

C. Herzog, D. Drummer Influence of the injection molding process on the tooth deflection of plastic gears during operation S. 1435-1448

„… , Nuremberg, Germany, which drives the steel pinion on the input side. The loading torque is applied on the …” „… which are manufactured using the line contour show higher deviations during the meshing of one single …” „… . VDI 2736 Part 2. Thermoplastic gear wheels - Cylindrical gears: Calculation of the load-carrying …”

T. Schmid-Schirling, N. Saum, C. Eberz de Oliveira Löhrer Marker-Free, Single Item Traceability in Gear Wheel Production Based on Inherent Surface Patterns S. 1877-XXIX

„… Marker-Free, Single Item Traceability in Gear Wheel Production Based on Inherent Surface …” „… suited for gear wheels and parts are safely identified on single item level without any marker. In …” „… machining or heat treatment to every single part for process improvement or authentication of gear wheels …”

C. Westphal, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher Influence of Axis Misalignments in Stepped Planetary Gear Stages on the Excitation Behavior – Test Rig Development and Simulative Analysis S. 175-190

„… challenges in drive technology. Advantages include in particular the short axial length in conjunction with a …” „… power density. In stepped planetary gearboxes - in contrast to planetary gearboxes - the single planet …” „… flexible shafts takes place under the wheel body cylinders, since the stiffness of the wheel body is …”

L. Braumann, H. Amri, V. S. Viteri, J. Ochoa LUBGEAR – Experimental Campaign for Aviation Gears in Loss-of- Lubrication S. 1063-1070

„… TRL3 test articles, the Taguchi Method only yields rough information on single characteristics. Using …” „… (<0.5RPM) while the grinding wheel oscillates in the vertical direction achieving a transversal grind on …” „… . H. Amri, Advanced Drivetrain Technologies GmbH, Vienna, Austria; Dr. V.S. Viteri, Dr. J. Ochoa …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024225

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