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PIAE EUROPE 2021

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2385 2021

Results in this title

P. Helmke, B. Pfeiffer Lightweight plastic construction with visible surface as examplified by the Volkswagen ID.3 tailgate S. 29-38

„… Lightweight plastic construction with visible surface as examplified by the Volkswagen ID.3 …” „… producing structural components with visible surfaces. For bright colors, Celanese has also developed an …” „… is a visible part in the color of the vehicle interior. The surface was to be given a new graining …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-X

„… in the front end • VW ID3 tailgate: lightweight plastic construction with visible surface • MAN …” „… construction with visible surface as examplified by the Volkswagen ID 3 tailgate …” „… 19 L. Reifenstein, B. Nießen, Ford Werke GmbH, Cologne f Surfaces/Oberflächen Lightweight plastic …”

Daniel Kugele, Sebastan Mönnich, Cigdem Belgeli Development and validation of a simulation methodology for the prediction of surface defects for plastic components with metallic effect pigments S. 89-100

„… problem presentation In automotive engineering, various surface-finishing processes (electroplating …” „… Development and validation of a simulation methodology for the prediction of surface defects for …” „… surface can be produced by the injection-molding process. The use of such materials in the vehicle offers …”

J. Horn, S. Pirl, M. Gehringer, F. Förster Interior parts with a focus on climate – A pleasant feel thanks to thermoplastic foam S. 129-144

„… Structuring visible surfaces Thermal separation layers Coating in the cavity: Orange peel effect Minor …” „… the project has shown that soft visible surfaces can be realized with TPE. It became clear that the …” „… , Burgbernheim Abstract Soft surfaces for trim parts in automotive interiors have long been standard in …”

T. Köppl, F. Dresel, N. Grohnmeier Breakthrough in producing soft and sustainable interior surfaces by injection moulding of TPE S. 49-60

„… Breakthrough in producing soft and sustainable interior surfaces by injection moulding of TPE …” „… Several processing methods and materials exist to produce soft-touch interior surfaces like instrument …” „… surfaces by injection moulding of the new high-flow thermoplastic elastomers Dryflex® HiF. TPE are already …”

A. Schmitz The all-new MAN high-roof cab – epoxy sandwich RTM – simulated using FEM and crashed under real conditions S. 61-74

„… TG series. The surfaces of the outer and inner shells when unfolded come to an area of about 6.2 km …” „… more storage space and reduced heat input into the cab have increased and the large window surfaces …” „… measures 2326 x 2016 x 770 mm, which corresponds to a total laminate surface of 17.25 m². The weight of …”

H. Lehmann Sorting technologies: the key to quality products in a circular economy S. 161-172

„… high resolution Spectroscopy in the visible range (VIS) Use of specific spectral properties …” „… (reflection) of polymers in the visible wavelength range X-ray transmission (XRT) Determination of atomic …” „… density regardless of surface condition and sample thickness Infrared transmission (IRT) Density …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023853

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Plastics in Automotive Engineering PIAE EUROPE

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2343 2019

Results in this title

M. Schneider, A. Cordella Antimicrobial treatment of textiles and decorative materials for passenger transport and car-sharing concepts S. 29-42

„… as MRSA. 1. General comments Those surfaces in vehicles that are visible and in direct contact …” „… kg. Although these textiles are not all processed in the visible interior surfaces (car mats, side …” „… these droplets are deposited on the visible surfaces of a vehicle and then can cause a contact …”

S. Bürger, A. Kaplangiray, K.-U. Lichi Automotive interior decorative bezels in the 2K reverse grain overmolding manufacturing process S. 373-388

„… automotive applications are usually designed with paint-system surfaces as in-mold laminated components (IML …” „… , FIM) or as in-mold decorated components (IMD). Paint-system surfaces have …” „… IML decorative surface Fig. 1.2 High-gloss painted decorative surface VDI-Berichte Nr. 2343 …”

J. Beck, S. Hofmann, R. Kupfer, A. Liebsch, M. Gude Multi-Material-Design für die automobile Großserie – Faserverbund-Hohlprofile und Spritzgieß-Knotenstrukturen in einem Prozess S. 163-184

„… pressing, surface RTM, which are mature and reliable, production cycle time can be controlled within 2-5 …” „… language skills, a big gap between the skills of Germans or Europeans and Chinese people is visible. The …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023433

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Partitioned Fluid-Structure Interaction Simulation of Maritime Applications

Jorrid Lund

Series: Mechanik/Bruchmechanik

Volume 360 2024

Results in this title

Wave energy converter S. 62-70

„… offluid method with the ALE mesh motion approach. A refinement toward the water surfaceand the surface of …” „… offluid method with the ALE mesh motion approach. A refinement toward the water surfaceand the surface of …” „… phase, while a value of θ = 1 refers to the water phase. Surface tension stabilizes thesurface and …”

Submersible mixer S. 71-80

„… on the surface model of the submersible mixer, a regular mesh (visible in Fig. 7.2)is created in …” „… surface.Figure 7.2: Fluid mesh in panMAREin the span direction on both sides of the mixer blade. The fluid mesh …” „… ) Pressure surface. (b) Suction surface.Figure 7.2: Fluid mesh in panMAREin the span direction on both sides …”

Floating windturbine S. 49-61

„… over water surfaceA multi-point constraint is used to connect the hubs of the rotor blades with the top …” „… the platform region close to the water surface is used to capture the wetted hull surfacemore …” „… variation of the wind velocity is shown in Fig. 5.4.Figure 5.4: Wind velocity over water surfaceA …”

Ship propeller S. 81-117

„… surface.Figure 8.2: Fluid mesh for the KCS propeller.the rigid body motion of a propeller rotating around an axis …” „… _18-360_mP.indd 96 18.04.24 06:278 Ship propeller(a) Pressure surface. (b) Suction surface.Figure 8.2 …” „… solver(panMARE)B-spline surfacesof propeller surface mesh for fluid solvercoupled simulationwith comanavolume mesh for …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186360182

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Friction Potential Estimation for Autonomous Driving

Thorsten Lajewski

Series: Verkehrstechnik/Fahrzeugtechnik

Volume 816 2022

Results in this title

Development of a Friction Potential Measurement Method S. 55-80

„… SurfaceThe measurements on the brake testing surfaces already showed, that the road surfacecan have a …” „… was to get ten repeated measurements on each surface.Due to technical problems during some …” „… of possiblefriction potential values is covered by the surfaces.In section 1.2.2, it was found that …”

Grip Map S. 81-103

„… reason could be due to the small number (74) of tested surfaces,which were by chance all in good …” „… , in-formation about the road surface needs to be available. The SWB method discussedin the previous chapter only …” „… between the friction potential values was foundon wet surfaces. Friction potential related accidents on …”

Fundamentals of Tyre Friction and its Effect in Tyre Models S. 36-54

„… over the surface.µ =FhFz=Fhyst + Fadh + Fcohesion + FvisFz(2.1)In the following sections, the relevant …” „… prominently featured in the accident statistics.2.1.1 Road SurfaceRoad surfaces are commonly made of asphalt …” „… heating in the surface,which limits the generated friction potential. In addition, this theory provides an …”

Remaining Risk of Overestimating the Friction Potential S. 127-135

„… above 0.3 g more often than safedrivers. This is especially visible in the braking frequency. The …” „… ofdriving has been conducted on surfaces with a high friction potential. In order to ex-clude snow or ice …” „… availablefriction potential on these surfaces is usually lower than the maximal friction (µpot <0.4) required for …”

Conclusions S. 136-138

„… used tyre, intermediate layer and road surface was found.Indications of an additional influence of the …” „… surface temperature on the measured fric-tion potential have been found. This influence varied between …” „… effects or road polishing effects were visible duringthe measurement period.Therefore, it was decided to …”

Introduction S. 1-35

„… road surface/road condition cat-egories based on the data of [9]; box: lower quartile, median, upper …” „… cobblestone surfacesshows that the surface properties of the road also have a significant influence on …” „… (FAT) project measured for the asphalt surfaces.The differences in the available friction potential are …”

Appendix S. 139-154

„… , thecobblestone surface did not dry. Figure B.1 shows the measured tyre curves and fittedtyre models. Figure B.2 …” „… displays the measured accelerations during the full brakingmeasurements on the seven different surface and …” „… results reported in FAT but the trend in the measuredfriction potential is the same. It is also visible …”

Intermediate Layer Classification S. 104-126

„… valuesdepend on the wiper position. If the wiper is just in front of the rain sensor surface,an increased water …” „… temperature is normally measuredin 2 m height. A surface temperature and up to three underground temperatures …” „… evaluated methods focus on the five inputs airtemperature, dew point temperature, humidity, surface …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XX

„… influencing factors, the road surface and the intermediate layer, via external data sources. To determine the …” „… influence of the road surface, friction measure-ment methods established in road construction are compared …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362.1.1 Road Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372.1.2 Tyre …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186816122

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International Conference on Gears 2022

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2389 2022

Results in this title

R. Jaeger, C. Koplin, B. Schluter Lubricated polymer-steel-systems: influence of the surface and interfacial energies of frictional partners on their tribological performance S. 1223-1236

„… systems where no detectable mass uptake was observed. Wsolv is possibly an indicator for surface-near …” „… Lubricated Polymer-Steel-Systems Influence of the Surface and Interfacial Energies of Frictional …” „… coefficient of friction (COF) at low gliding velocities, the surface hardness and the wear rate. The study …”

A. Sitzmann, T. Tobie, K. Stahl, S. Hoja, S. Schurer Deep nitriding – contact and bending strength of gears with increased nitriding hardening depth S. 875-890

„… 18203:2016-12(en): Steel - Determination of the thickness of surface-hardened layers. [19] DIN 3962:1978-08 …” „… capacity of highly loaded gears by means of surface hardening. In some cases, nitrided gears are comparable …” „… directly on the surface. The thickness of the compound layer is only a few micrometers, followed by a …”

S. Bill Efficiency improvement and surface protection by using particle-based phyllosilicate-additive S. 935-942

„… Efficiency Improvement and Surface Protection by Using Particle-based Phyllosilicate-Additive …” „… Croda Int Plc and developer and manufacturer of an innovative phyllosilicate-based surface treatment …” „… and build through their adsorption a protective phyllosilicate-based coating on the surface. The …”

D. Sackmann, T. Husemann, B. Karpuschewski The effect of a multi-stage grinding process on the barkhausen noise signal S. 695-706

„… finishing, but gets closer to the newly generated surface due to the removed finish allowance as visible in …” „… grinding processes can lead to a negatively influenced surface integrity, e.g., residual tensile stresses …” „… and tempering zones. For inspection of ground surfaces, the analysis of the Barkhausen noise is …”

F. Lagier, A. Bischofberger, K. Bause, S. Ott Suitability of additive manufactured PEEK gears as a means of gear sampling for automotive high-speed gearboxes S. 1045-1060

„… positive effect of grease lubrication and steel gear surface on the lifetime of the PEEK gear, and states …” „… the starting points of cracks. The surface roughness ranges in the mi-crometer scale. The high surface …” „… addition, pene-tration of fluids into the part can occur from this surface roughness. As the print is being …”

T. Arndt, J. Klose, M. Gerstenmeyer, V. Schulze Tool wear development in gear skiving process of quenched and tempered internal gears S. 1331-1344

„… lubricant strategy are varied in order to investi-gate the influence on tool life and surface quality in the …” „… investigations the influence of the concentricity of the tools used on the surface quality produced. A …” „… influence of different cooling lubrication methods on the surface roughness during milling of 50CrMnMo and …”

J. Vorgerd, P. Tenberge, M. Joop Scuffing of cylindrical gears with pitch line velocities up to 100 m/s S. 903-914

„… damage location and the surface condition. Based on the experimental results, a simulation approach with …” „… tribologically highly stressed and tend to scuff. Scuffed surfaces are heavily roughened with worse frictional …” „… approaches. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2389, 2022 9032. Scuffing Scuffing is a spontaneously occurring surface damage …”

T. Ohno, R. Greschert, J. Brimmers The influence of material roughness, hardness and lubricant additives on micropitting behaviour of gears S. 621-636

„… , lots of μm pitting was visible on the smooth surfaces. Lubricant A gears had less pitting than …” „… occur under conditions where the oil film thickness is smaller than the surface roughness, the effects …” „… study, gears of FZG C-GF type with varying surface roughness and hardness values were machined, and …”

P. Tenberge, J. Vorgerd, L. Gondecki 2-disc tribometer for various tests on sliding/rolling contacts with tribological loads such as in tooth flank contacts S. 145-156

„… . The grinding marks are still clearly visible in both cases.Fig. 10: Microscopic images of the surfaces …” „… clearly visible. The characteristic surface parameters are again very similar on both test specimens and …” „… of materials, heat treatments and surface designs as well as lubricants and the entire tribological …”

D. Zorko, Z. Bergant, B. Černe Potential of woven carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite gears S. 1071-1082

„… speed of 1400 rpm. All tests were conducted in unlubricated conditions. The nominal gear surface …” „… superfinish to smooth the surfaces and remove the sharp edges left after cutting [10]. The surface roughness …” „… on the tooth flanks was measured on a Tesa Rugosurf 90G profilometer before the test. The surface …”

F. Reinle, D. Mangherini, E. Morgano, A. Bongiovanni Combining improved gear efficiency and improved fatigue performance through mass finishing S. 609-620

„… frictional energy input. The finished surface is a combination of improved roughness, compressive stress and …” „… seen improvements of the surface properties in classical sliding operations like in ICE or even for …” „… lower end regarding surface quality. Increased wear in the combination of low viscosity oil and …”

J. Koenig, D. Kehle, K.-P. Heinzle Investigation of the failure mechanisms of plastic materials with and without fiber reinforcement S. 1269-1280

„… focus on the surface condition and the severity of wear. Also, the resulting damages were categorized …” „… distinguishes between the mean body temperature and the mean surface temperature. The mean body temperature is …” „… responsible for tooth root fracture and deformation, while the mean surface temperature is responsible for …”

H.-J. Dennig, L. Zumofen, A. Kirchheim, S. Winterberg, D. Stierli Increasing the safety against scuffing of additive manufactured gear wheels by internal cooling channels S. 1345-1364

„… surface and the tooth root are subjected to time-dependent loads. The latter is not discussed further in …” „… kinematic movements [8]. In the process, various types of damage can occur on the flank, such as surface …” „… independent. Therefore, the time to scuffing remains unknown. The gear material, lubricant, surface condition …”

S. Sklenak, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher Analysis of local wear within the dry lubricated rolling- sliding contact of coated surfaces S. 305-316

„… that, compared with the initial state (t = 0 min), a clearly visible running surface of approx. b = 8 …” „… Analysis of Local Wear within the Dry Lubricated Rolling-Sliding Contact of Coated Surfaces …” „… behavior and wear. The wear analysis of the contact surface on the test shaft shows that heavy wear has …”

B. Legrady, M. Taesch, G. Tschirschnitz, C. F. Mieth Prediction of churning losses in an industrial gear box with spiral bevel gears using the smoothed particle hydrodynamic method S. 651-664

„… experiment when surface tension models are included. To reproduce the qualitative trends of the experiments …” „… components are always required to deliver the power generated by an engine to the road surface. Current …” „… from the native handling of multi-phase and free surfaces flows, SPH has also proven to provide …”

A. Wedmann, M. Stein, K. Kniel Gear calibration in tactile scanning mode on CMMs S. 1539-1552

„… scanning speeds undesired smoothing of the surface can occur. As a result, the form deviations may be …” „… surface condition of the test piece, the ball diameter and the probing force. One way to avoid such wear …” „… . Either two circular measurements or the measurement of a plane surface and a circle on the gear standard …”

P. Roth, M. Hein, K. Stahl Scuffing load capacity calculation of worm gears S. 811-824

„… . 2.1 Scuffing Scuffing of gears is understood to be the instantaneous welding of flank surfaces under …” „… surface, where worm and worm wheel are in contact, is considered as the contact area (orange in fig. 3 …” „… of the surface or rather contact temperatures in the contact area and of the temperatures below the …”

J.-A. Meis, M. Walkowiak Influence of case hardness depth on tooth interior fatigue fracture S. 863-874

„… guarantied. It can be seen that the increase in CHD creates lower surface compression stresses and at the …” „… critical zone is completely located below the surface. For CHDs from 0.075 to 0.175 times module we see a …” „… the surface. Fig. 10: CHD influence on TFF risk of the wind gearbox gear design Similarly to figure …”

Y. Marchesse, M. Ruzek, F. Ville, P. Velex On windage power loss reduction achieved by flanges S. 665-676

„… with respect to the pinion. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2389, 2022 665on modifications of the pinion surface …” „… nodes located on the gear tooth surfaces and periodic conditions are applied to the radial edges at the …” „… zero, an opening condition is imposed to the radial surface and a nil velocity to the nodes located in …”

A. Baumann, B. Bertsche Coefficient of friction behavior of gear oils and significance for the meshing process of spur gears S. 745-762

„… device to study the frictional behavior of a mineral base oil by varying surface roughness, SRR, rolling …” „… roughness of the contact surfaces. At the contact points there are mixed friction conditions created by …” „… flanks are completely separated by an oil film. Under load, there are high surface pressures on the …”

J. Gotz, F. Siglmuller, M. Furst, M. Otto, K. Stahl Experimental investigation of the dynamic load sharing of planetary gearboxes S. 409-420

„… geometries with a high surface quality. One of the five planet gears shows slightly poorer gear qualities …” „… machined into the outer surface of the planet pin to provide sufficient room and protect the strain gauge …” „… sampling rate of 30 kHz the impact of the gear mesh is also clearly visible. The planet pin forces …”

W. Wagner, S. Schumann, B. Schlecht Enhanced loaded tooth contact analysis of hypoid gears within a multi-body-system simulation S. 357-370

„… surfaces must be figured out. With this penetration, the load distribution must be computed. As those …” „… positions over one pitch (Fig. 3, left, blue graph), this effect is neither visible nor of importance. Only …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023891

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PIAE Europe 2023

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2418 2023

Results in this title

B. Pesche, R. Vollet-Binet Renault MEGANE e-Tech plastic tailgate – Lightweight and sustainability as DNA S. 73-82

„… concept lightweight construction, structural components with visible surfaces can be produced in injection …” „… structural components with visible surfaces (class A appearance) in injection molding. Therefore CELSTRAN …” „… integration. Visible areas for the customer are directly imaged with the PP long glass fiber materials without …”

H. Häberle Use of plastic in the new MAN truck – sustainable solutions, also through the use of recyclates S. 83-92

„… company and could theoretically be returned to the same component application. ‐ The surface of the …” „… transparent). On account of the high surface requirements, this is produced in a clean room. This sheet is …” „… , blue, red, green or differently colored paint particles were visible in the component. Fig. 4: F2000 …”

H.P.C. van Heerbeek LNP™ SLX Resins for Exterior (Lighted) Auto Grill Designs S. 135-148

„… of a photogenerated UV absorber (UVA) on the surface of a part. The photo-generated UVA has been …” „… the renewable version SLX resins. Introduction Visual appearance and surface aesthetics are crucial …” „… resistance, dimensional stability, and excellent surface appearance (gloss and color) along with the …”

T. Köppl, Florian Dresel Reducing the carbon footprint of materials and processes for soft-touch applications S. 149-158

„… interior surfaces, with many different materials which are often used in combination with other materials …” „… without recycled content. New TPE developments with a focus on surface performance like scratch, abrasion …” „… surfaces, polyurethane coatings, and acrylic soft lacquers. As surface materials are usually processed in …”

Polycarbonatbasierte Karosseriebauteile mit Funktionsintegration Polycarbonate-based body components with functional integration S. 553-584

„… resin or a semi-transparent print on the film surface enable hidden-until-lit capability. The assembly …” „… allows for greater design freedom in combination with excellent surface protection and the opportunity to …” „… be seamlessly hidden in the future. At least in the case of lidar, very high surface qualities …”

F. Wazula, H. Tattko, A. Sumfleth Star panel of the Mercedes Benz EQS – New design meets new challenges S. 33-46

„… homogeneous temperature distribution over the entire component surface, thus forming the basic prerequisite …” „… ; see Fig. 4.2. The black topcoat, applied over the entire surface on the back of the component in the …” „… surfaces thus become transparent again, acquire their final appearance in the subsequent process of …”

C. Salles Addressing the sustainability challenges of Automotive: Everminds – a Holistic approach from a PO industry leading producer S. 289-300

„… content for visible interior grade with class A surface aspect, low emissions and perfect colour match …” „… visible progress as of now. Chain of Custody models can help move us forward by increasing the proportions …”

M. Däbritz, K. Scherer Halving the CO2 footprint through process integration in the production of coated plastic parts S. 239-256

„… plastic injection-molded parts are often subjected to additional surface finishing. This can provide …” „… adjusted within certain limits via melt coloring and via the surface structure without the need for …” „… requirements and thus the visible interactions between the two processes are becoming ever greater. For this …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024188

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Interactions between enzymes and oxide colloidal particles and their influence on enzymatic activity

Ludmilla Derr

Series: Grund- und Werkstoffe/Kunststoffe

Volume 760 2016

Results in this title

Physisorption of a-chymotrypsin on SiO2 and TiO3: a comparative study via experiments and molecular dynamics simulations S. 103-139

„… puiied over S i02 (left) and T i02 {right). (Top) surface-water RDF. (Middle) surface-protein RDF …” „… rate 0.5 s, Branson, USA). Deagglomeration did not change any surface-specific property such as IEP …” „… even hydrophobic residues contribute to frequent and tight surface-protein contacts (see Figure 10.13 …”

Experimental methods and principles S. 48-58

„… and Ä can be calculated using the equation X = Ks/iK^r), where Ks is the surface conductivity of the …” „… an electric field and CVI. The surface current I5 reduces the number of positive ions near the right …” „… adsorption isotherms: specific surface area SSAbet/ hydrophobicity/ hydrophilicity Volumetrie measurements …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XX

„… Van der Waals forces 5 2.2 Electrostatic double layer forces 8 2.2.1 Surface Charge 8 2.2.2 Zeta …” „… surface functionalization and covalent enzyme immobilization 27 4.1 Alumina colloidal particles 27 4.2 …” „… Silica colloidal particles 28 Contents V 4.3 Titania colloidal particles 29 4.4 Surface functionalization …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783185760051

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Gleit- und Wälzlagerungen 2019

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2348 2019

Results in this title

S. Bill Higher efficiency and lifetime improvement for bearings S. 325-328

„… micro-particle based surface treatment technology. This technology uses lubricants as a carrier for a …” „… run better with reduced friction, temperature, surface roughness and great reliability and durability …” „… . Not only already stressed systems and components benefit from the surface refinement of patented …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023488

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Biomechanical Modeling and Numerical Simulation of minimal-invasive Treatment of Hip Joint Diseases

Robert Cichon

Series: Biotechnik/Medizintechnik

Volume 295 2017

Results in this title

Materials and Methods S. 41-76

„… ) where t are tractions acting per unit area of external boundary surface Γ of the solid: t = t1 t …” „… analysis as visible in Table 3.1. The other solvers are used for di erent simulations. FEM is an …” „… body approaches an arbitrary surface during a movement and is stopped, thereby. A deformation is also …”

Results and Discussion S. 77-112

„… head necrosis has a 3 mm slice thickness, which generates very rough surfaces as visible in Figure 4.23 …” „… . The resurfacing procedure is due to the rough surface after the segmentation. This can be related to …” „… visible in Table 4.1, determined by the CAD software. Only the abduction angle varies. However, the NURBS …”

Introduction S. 1-22

„… and planes are visible in Figure 1.1. The horizontal axis moves side-to-side in the body, the …” „… ]. Additionally, three planes di erentiated into sagittal plane, transversal plane, and frontal plan are visible …” „… remaining body are explained using medical terms for the directions visible in Figure 1.2. For each body …”

State of the Art S. 23-40

„… perpendicular to the stem surface [76]. The same researchers also investigated the de ection, principal, and …” „… distribution of the non-resurfaced retropatellar surface [79]. Patella maltracking can be related to a lower …” „… can be carefully shaped using a burr as visible in Figure 2.6. Kling et al. [115] investigated the …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186295170

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Reifen – Fahrwerk – Fahrbahn

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2425 2023

Results in this title

C. Strübel, G. Sagar, B. Wies Impact Parameters on Tire Rolling Resistance under specific consideration of Ambient Temperature S. 89-102

„… machines and conditions, supported by indoor facilities and a smooth steel drum surface. This enables a …” „… stable surface over time due to missing tire and surface abrasion. In addition it is possible to …” „… replicate a smooth steel surface worldwide to allow worldwide same test conditions. The smooth surface …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024256

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ELIV 2021

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2384 2021

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F. Rabe ShyTech Displays – Enabling a new era of puristic vehicle design and enhanced user experience S. 381-388

„… exciting user experience, they can benefit from being ‘shy’ at times: Hiding control surfaces made of …” „… , Fig. 1. For example, instead of presenting ‘empty’ black display surfaces or numerous physical …” „… atmosphere by presenting a decorative surface. In principle, a ShyTech display can actually be a …”

J. Langkau, S. Wenz, T. V. Fernandez, L. Pullen, A. Tekavčič, N. Jezeršek, A. Wagner Electric Charge Lid – System components for future charge lid systems S. 475-488

„… and only visible when the lid is opened, and the car is stationary. Some additional limiting …” „… luminous flux in a solid angle per projected part of surface in one direction. It matches the perception …” „… ] | Φv…Luminous flux [lm] | A…illuminated surface [m2] | α…angle of the illuminated surface | dΩ…element of …”

T. Nindl Wireless Charging Systems for EVs – The answer to the consumers demand! S. 505-508

„… Ground Pad Module (GPM), visible or even invisible on the street/parking spot surface. After the vehicle …”

M. Kruppa Digital Light for Digital Live S. 339-350

„… capabilities, making the digitalization of cars visible to the outside world. Flexible DIGITAL OLED technology …” „… : Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice - Automated Driving System (ADS) Marker Lamp(s). [11] J. Reschke, P …”

C. Cremers, P. Hubertus, R. Laszlo, M. Pfeifle, O. Muratov Augmented Reality Guidance based on 6D Positioning and HD Lanes S. 367-380

„… separate labels for a handful of objects, including traffic lights and signs, road markings, road surface …” „… information is still unreliable, the point is discarded. If a mature point is no longer visible in the …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023846

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Bausubstanz

Browse Volumes: Bausubstanz

Bausubstanz Volume 1 (2010) Issue 4 ISSN Online: 2190-4278

Results in this title

Gabor Becker Restoration of a modern concrete ribbed glass wall S. 44-51

„… indicated by the formjoints visible on the concrete rib surface. The ribs themselves are manufactured in a …” „… reinforcements has be-come visible. During the renovation, prefabricated polypropylene-reinforced micro-concrete …” „… surfaces of the building are covered with limestone slabs, the windows are all stone bracketed. There is a …”

doi.org/10.51202/2190-4278-2010-4

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International Conference on Gears 2017

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2294 2017

Results in this title

L. Gondecki, M. Weibring, P. Tenberge Simulation and test method for the lubricant’s influence on the wear and fatigue mechanisms on tooth flanks S. 29-40

„… which the grinding grooves from the manufacturing process are still visible. The surface characteristic …” „… clearly visible in the test results of the second lubricant. The surface is smoothed VDI-Berichte Nr …” „… same operating conditions the resulting wear and the transformation of the tooth flank surface can …”

M. W. Seidel, A. Zösch, K. Härtel Grinding burn inspection – tools for supervising and objectifying of the testing process S. 1003-1014

„… in a change of near-surface areas. The term grinding burn is used, when the heat impact during …” „… applied to detect grinding burn. Surface temper etching (STE) is the most common method. Further used are …” „… zones. Surface Temper Etching (STE) is the most common method for detecting grinding burn. Up to now …”

G. Eitzinger Adaptive coatings on gears for NVH improvement S. 1439-1450

„… behaviour. Our newly developed coating Adaptocoat® on the gear tooth flanks adapts to the counter surface …” „… – 30 µm generated from the contact pattern and the specific loads on the tooth surface. The use of …” „… one third of coating thickness. All the efforts to machine a very precise or mirror honed surface is …”

M. McCormick, J. Michaud Isotropic superfinishing of high hardness steels – How using a custom REM ISF® process as a quality control, defect remediation, and isotropic superfinishing procedure can increase the performance of... S. 163-172

„… Ferrium® C64 and other alloys Martin McCormick, Justin Michaud, REM Surface Engineering, St. Neots …” „… performance increases include: surface durability, material toughness, temper resistance, and corrosion …” „… resistance. Increases to material toughness and surface durability will result in longer component life due …”

C. Weber, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Investigation on the flank surface durability of gears with increased pressure angle S. 173-184

„… Investigation on the Flank Surface Durability of Gears with Increased Pressure Angle Christian …” „… surface or subsurface fatigue cracks caused by local metal-to-metal contact at the roughness asperities …” „… . In addition to Hertzian stress, oil viscosity and temperature, specific sliding, surface roughness …”

G. Hlebanja, S. Kulovec, D. Zorko, J. Hlebanja, J. Duhovnik Influence of the tooth flank shape on thermal load of the gear S. 1583-1592

„… plastic gears due to their thermal sensitivity. Heat is generated by friction at the contacting surfaces …” „… of the mating teeth flanks where the load transmitting surfaces slide with the relative velocities …” „… treated as energy loss, where surface heating is unfavourable and the temperature rise depends on heat …”

A. Furtmann, G. Poll Electrical stress and parasitic currents in machine elements of drive trains with voltage source inverters S. 109-118

„… such a discharge the lubricant may be negatively affected and the metal surfaces can melt. Very high …” „… energetic discharges can also vaporize parts of the surface which was shown to be very harmful in regards …” „… : Measured voltages in the drive train with a clearly visible voltage divider VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 2017 …”

Z. Roth, J. Opferkuch High load capacity gear root fillet contour with a bézier curve S. 719-732

„… VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 2017 723 The clearly visible optimum shows a Bézier factor of approximately 0.57 …” „… of teeth is 34. An optimization the pressure angles to 20° of the surface under load illustrated here …” „… and to 26° of the respective unloaded surface would allow a safety factor increase up to 1.31 …”

M. Koop, E. Melnikov, V. Merz Design investigations and indications for acoustical optimized gear meshes using plastic gears S. 1519-1530

„… through the parts to finally find a surface where it is transferred to airborne sound. Therefore, the …” „… visible, although the gear box is really solid. The frequency is also not in the range of interference …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181022948

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International Conference on Gears 2019

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2355 2019

Results in this title

E. Bergstedt, U. Olofsson, J. Lin, P. Lindholm Influence of gear surface roughness on pitting and micropitting life S. 3-14

„… Influence of gear surface roughness on pitting and micropitting life Msc E. Bergstedt, Prof …” „… in the gearbox using a profilometer after each test. The gear surface roughness was calculated from …” „… that smooth gear surface can reduce or even avoid wear or micropitting damage, but can in specific …”

M. Trubswetter, M. Otto, K. Stahl Evaluation of gear flank surface structure produced by skiving S. 1799-1812

„… Evaluation of Gear Flank Surface Structure Produced by Skiving M. Trübswetter, M.Sc …” „… , Garching Abstract The surface structure of gear flanks has an impact on the performance of the gear …” „… mesh. Especially clearly visible structures are often expected to severely influence noise behavior …”

C. Brecher, C. Lopenhaus, F. Goergen Transfer of the tooth flank stress into an analogy test concept to provoke the damage pattern tooth flank fracture (TFF) S. 25-36

„… , surface integrity, lubricant and load condition. This means that not all types of damage with a single …” „… initial crack location below the flank surface primarily at a depth of t ≈ 2 CHD550, preferably at a …” „… flank near the surface (0 mm ≤ t ≤ tVONMISES,max), the stresses in the TFF critical area are low and …”

B. J . Siewerin, T. Tobie, K. Stahl, A. Dobler Flank load carrying capacity of hard-soft gear pairings S. 173-184

„… surface that are predominantly located below the pitch diameter in areas of negative specific sliding …” „… . Prexler [Pre90] confirmed a major influence of the surface roughness in relation to the lubricant film …” „… pairs of the same surface hardness have a risk of wear, if the minimal lubricating film thickness hmin …”

J. Lohmiller, J. Hoffmeister, J. Hermes Conventional high-strength nodular graphite iron as a substitute for austempered ductile iron (ADI) S. 877-892

„… to an ultimate number of cycles 107. After the failure of the fatigue samples, the fracture surface …” „… located close to the fracture surface of fatigue samples (i.e. 20 mm beneath the final contour of each …” „… islands are visible. Furthermore, it is noticeable that the pearlite becomes coarser with increasing …”

B. Guilbert, P. Velex, P. Cutuli Hybrid models for the study of gear body dynamic deflections – Gear body modes S. 823-834

„… the disc surface are expressed in the rotating coordinate system attached to the disc by the …” „… flexible gear, have also a visible impact on the mesh behaviour and can therefore be detrimental to the …” „… Node. The forward mode with 3 N.D. is visible at 2 while at speed 3 both the forward 4 N.D. and 2 …”

K. Smrczkova Wear resistant plastics – Bespoke plastic compounds for plastic gears S. 1345-1356

„… detail in this abstract. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2355, 2019 1345 POM has a high crystallinity and surface …” „… highest application temperature with up to 240°C. This material has a high crystallinity and high surface …” „… generated due to cold mold temperature can double the linear wear rate. And not only the surface hardness …”

J. Klose, F. Zanger, V. Schulze Gear skiving of external gears with internally geared tools S. 1579-1590

„… . Whirling is used for finish machining of threads with high surface requirements and difficult machining …” „… smaller cutting thickness, more beneficial chip flow and lower surface roughness allowing higher feeds …” „… with a finished surface in a single pass, so without a roughing operation. While most screws are …”

M. Zapf, J. Klose, F. Zanger, V. Schulze Analysis of process forces and surface topography when manufacturing case-hardened gears by double flanked hard skiving S. 1647-1658

„… Analysis of process forces and surface topography when manufacturing case-hardened gears by double …” „… on the cutting forces, the resulting gear quality, flank surface quality and chip formation is …” „… rise with the specific cutting volume. The correlation of cutting forces and surface quality with …”

F. Muller, S. Schumann, B. Schlecht Determination of S-N curves for pitting based on local damage analysis S. 657-668

„… considered to have failed if the pitting damage covers 0.5 % of the total surface area of all tooth flanks …” „… or 4% of the surface area of a single tooth flank. Thus, using the standard method means to get one …” „… pitting occurs on the surface of the flank, it does not necessarily lead to a loss of drive. This …”

P. Scholzen, C. Lopenhaus, C. Brecher, D. Billenstein, F. Rieg, G. Hammerl Investigation of the influence of elastic gear body structures on the operational behavior of gears S. 785-796

„… quality index 0 is colored white. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2355, 2019790 The visible surface elements are …” „… , node-to-surface or extended node-to-surface contact. The best variant, especially for curved surfaces, is the …” „… extended node-to-surface contact. Thereby, the surface is additionally discretized with the Gaussian …”

P. Barreiro, J. Hoffmeister, J. Hermes, A. Bronner New improvement opportunities through applying topology optimization combined with 3D printing to the construction of gearbox housings S. 1823-1834

„… cooling of gearboxes can be improved by increasing the housing’s surface and integrating customized …” „… (see Figure 6, 1). Then, a defined surface was laid, so that it barely cuts the outer layer of the …” „… was placed 4 mm underneath the flat cut surface (see Figure 6, 4) and thickened to 2 mm, creating an …”

S. Matkovič, A. Pogačnik, M. Kalin Comparison between VDI 2736 wear calculation and experimentally obtained results S. 1311-1322

„… better dissipates heat from the contact surfaces compared to having two polymer gears in meshing. As …” „… , thus the length of tests was 25 km. The desired surface roughness (Rz = 1.5 µm) of the steel disc was …” „… correlates to sliding velocity of 0.5 m/s on tip of the polymer gear. The surface roughness of the pinon …”

M. Solf, C. Lopenhaus, T. Bergs Influence of elastic effects on the grinding force in plunging bevel gear grinding S. 1687-1696

„… an established manufacturing process for different types of gears, as good geometric and surface …” „… near surface zone and the load on the grinding tool. Therefore, the prediction of the grinding force …” „… ]. In plunging bevel gear grinding, a permanent, full-surface contact between the grinding wheel and the …”

M. R. Mauntz, J. Peuser Deep online oil analysis of dielectric parameters for life time enhancement of industrial gearboxes – Identification of critical operation conditions for reduction of failure rates S. 245-256

„… independently. Inorganic compounds occur at contact surfaces from the wear of parts, broken oil molecules …” „… emulsification of water, so the conglomeration of water droplets is minimized and a blank metal surface without …” „… also visible in the comparative data of the temperature dependency of the electrical conductivity …”

C. Gosselin, E. Fritz, L. Seiler Design and CnC manufacturing of face milled beveloid gears S. 379-390

„… between the surfaces are along the normal vector to the tooth surface at the considered point. It is …” „… tooth typically shows some measure of undercutting which is not visible at the Heel end. When the …”

T. Kahnenbley, G. Gravel Gear standards for reliable measurement of noise-causing gears – Quick verification of the measurement precision S. 1813-1822

„… surface structures with noise-effective amplitudes of 0.10 μm upwards can be reliably detected with …” „… are visible. In addition to the expected 69th order within profile and helix, the spectrum evaluation …” „… . Prediction models on tool geometry, cut gear tooth surface topography, chip geometry, and tool cutting forces …”

N. C. Ecke, A. K. Schlarb, J. Holler, Jan Niedermeyer, P. Klein Thermal simulation of anisotropic PEEK-based tribocomposites S. 1411-1420

„… boundary conditions. The frictional heat flow into the contact surface was iteratively adjusted until the …” „… conductivity are compared to those from simulations including anisotropy. It is easily visible, that the mean …” „… for Surface and Film Analysis (IFOS), Germany, for his support in conducting optical microscopy and …”

F. Eigner, R. Michel, M. Berger Analysis on the efficiency of HypoGear S. 127-136

„… brake that equals any application. The braking force is distributed over 12 friction surfaces, which …” „… visible in the following diagrams. In theory about 4100 frequencies are possible. Figure 5 shows the …”

C. Boehme, D. Vill, P. Tenberge Extension of the application limits for crossed helical gearboxes by new geometries for smaller sliding paths or smaller contact pressures S. 1299-1310

„… angle. Fig. 3 illustrates this concept using a top view of the gearbox. Here it becomes visible that …” „… vectors. They are perpendicular to the flank surfaces of the generating profile Q. Since the profile Q is …”

B. Gierl, D. Drummer spur gears S. 1367-1378

„… practical importance. Friction and wear are phenomena taking place at the part surface and cannot be …” „… mechanical load capability. The radiated gear however shows no visible reduction in tooth wear and therefore …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023556

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SIMVEC 2022

VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2407 2022

Results in this title

A. Hüppe, D. Scholz, F. Menter, R. Winstanley, F. Muldoon Octree Meshing Technology for External Aerodynamic CFD Applications S. 21-32

„… approaches to generate a suitable finite volume mesh rely on a surface-first (bottom-up) approach: after the …” „… are typically also close in space. This leads to compact partitions (low surface-to-volume ratio …” „… requirements on the computational mesh are very demanding. The resolution for the surface mesh but also the …”

D. Bäder, S. Eibl, C. Wolf, P. Kolar, A. Oliva, F. Meyer 3D CFD Simulations of Snow Accumulation in the Wheel House of a Vehicle at different Driving Speeds S. 1-20

„… ], [10], and the like, flows with free surfaces, e.g., rain simulations [5], [11], [12], [13], [9], Water …” „… of the test track before fresh snow has fallen- the icy ground is clearly visible. Fig. 2: View of …” „… flat and almost perfectly levelled ice surface, which is several 100 m long. On the test day, about 3 …”

L. Stütz, T. König, M. Kley Testing of the tire modelling for a vehicle dynamics simulation on a Road-To-Rig test rig S. 185-196

„… connecting the vehicle to the road surface. The behavior of the tire is therefore dependent on, amongst …” „… others, its properties, the friction parameters as well as the road surface and thus have an influence on …” „… Coefficients for Selected Road Conditions [18]Surface B C D EDry Tarmac 10 1.9 1 0.97Ice 4 2 0.1 13 …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024072

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