Zusammenfassung
Foreword
Gears bear great responsibility in present times, where the conditions for mechanical engineering and especially for drive technology are changing faster than ever. Megatrends, such as circular economy, decarbonization, green pressure, digitalization, zero waste and several more represent global challenges - but at the same time they are unforeseen opportunities for drives in industry, energy generation and mobility. Gear engineers must find answers to these research questions and provide solutions.
Topics like gear efficiency improvements, performance enhancement of plastic gears, new measurement methods and additive manufacturing are in the focus of the VDI International Conference on Gears 2022 in Garching / Munich. One interesting question is, if we can anticipate break-through innovations to address the challenges above. The opening session of the conference addresses this very question: “What will be the next game-changing innovations and technologies in gear design and production?”.
In the main part of the conference within 40 specialized sessions the latest developments and research results in powertrain industry and academic research are presented and discu...
Schlagworte
Roller pairing gear root bending gear test gear mesh excitation grinding zone angular speed helical gears smart gear system downsizing automotive tranmission thread linking bevel and hypoid waer gear geometry optimization FEM analysis- 1–2 Foreword 1–2
- 3–14 Keynotes 3–14
- 75–118 NVH 75–118
- 119–156 EHL contact 119–156
- 265–304 Gear strength 265–304
- 305–342 Wear 305–342
- 343–388 Bevel and hypoid gears 343–388
- 389–432 Planetary gears 389–432
- 469–510 Enhanced testing methods 469–510
- 511–532 Gear dynamics 511–532
- 573–608 FEM analysis 573–608
- 715–762 Friction 715–762
- 903–926 High speed gears 903–926
- 927–1018 Poster Exhibition 927–1018
- 1019–1060 Applications 1019–1060
- 1061–1098 Material properties 1061–1098
- 1099–1148 Gear strength testing 1099–1148
- 1181–1208 Geometry effects 1181–1208
- 1249–1268 Lubrication 1249–1268
- 1269–1304 Tribological investigation 1269–1304
- 1383–1410 Gear soft machining 1383–1410
- 1447–1488 Advances in special gearings 1447–1488
- 1489–1528 Modeling in gear production 1489–1528
- 1529–1568 Measurement technology 1529–1568
- 1569–1582 Gear hard machining 1569–1582
52 Treffer gefunden
- „... the bowl-shaped surface structure. Even looking at further roughness parameters, such as Rsk, in order ...” „... machine hammeringObjectiveManufacturing of Alternative Surface StructuresAnalysis of Roughness Changes and ...” „... certain module are not required. Furthermore, the surface structure resulting from the EDM process is ...”
- „... of Product Engineering at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe Zusammenfassung Die ...” „... . 2389, 20221046the gearbox is subjected to high accelerations, while being simultaneously operated at a ...” „... gearbox [5]. Due to the reduced torque at the motor output, the use of lightweight materials with a lower ...”
- „... medium-size aluminum gearbox housings at large quantities and high rates is commonly carried out by die ...” „... because this technology allows the cooling system to be printed without a supporting structure. The ...” „... 11% per casting cycle. Introduction Additive manufacturing (AM) established itself in the industry at ...”
- „... , these are the following measurements: 1. Acoustic/NVH measurements with airborne and structure ...” „... -borne sound on EoL test rig 2. Acoustic/NVH measurements with airborne and structure-borne sound overall ...” „... path analysis with / without order analysis or at neighbouring positions to a suspension point to the ...”
- „... the material structure and lead to premature failure of the machine elements [9]. Some further ...” „... from high negative values (<-50%) at the start of the meshings to high positive values (> 50%) at the ...” „... high positive values and back once per revolution. At an average drive speed of 3000 rpm, the disc ...”
- „... temperature rise of EHL are highly sensitive to the VPC at low temperature and high pressure. Even a modest ...” „... fluid-structure interfaces (Pa)InstructionAn essential issue concerning the elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL ...” „... box in Fig. 1. The local model is comprised of structure module (local model of the ball and local ...”
- „... with low proportion of retained austenite, there were investigated material structures with differing ...” „... high proportion of retained austenite. The last presented variant had a bainitic structure in the ...” „... micro-structures on the gear load carrying capacity. For this purpose, gears made of 18CrNiMo7-6 were tested with ...”
- „... " dimensional accuracy, an allowance of 1 mm (at the flanks 0.5 mm) is added. The layered structure of the ...” „... addition to the manufacturing of force-flow-optimised lightweight structures, e.g., those used in ...” „... toolmaking, the integration of internal channel structures enables new opportunities for optimisation [5, 6 ...”
- „... acting at different frequencies, tough operation cycles and also and working inside a contaminated medium ...” „... order to confirm the design, prototyping options and related validation stages (at component level) are ...” „... balanced just by the geometry of the crankshaft as they run at double frequency than its own revolution ...”
- „... the measurement of structure-borne noise with acceleration sensors. New approaches, such as measuring ...” „... measure acoustic emissions mostly via structure-born sound with one or three-dimensional accelerometers ...” „... fluctuations can be measured as variations in the IAS and a structure-borne noise excitation that can be ...”
- „... steel pinion. The tests were carried out at torques ranging between 0.4 Nm and 0.8 Nm, and a rotational ...” „... testing system (Fig. 2). Experimental runs were performed at five torque levels ranging from 0.4 to 0.8 Nm ...” „... unidirectional rotation with a rotational speed of 1400 rpm. The tests were performed at an ambient temperature ...”
- „... gear mesh. At the same time, the more flexible mesh also favors a better load distribution and load ...” „... . Furthermore, all investigations were carried out with statically positioned structure-borne noise sensors and ...” „... deformation in the geared area due to the connecting structure. In order to additionally investigate variable ...”
- „... , and the internal excitation frequency of the gear system at all levels and the electrical frequency ...” „... wind power drive system not only receives the time-varying drive torque at the drive end, but the load ...” „... support mechanisms and floating structures, errors, and the system’s physical parameters that affected the ...”
- „... for improvement in performance of structure borne noise, efficiency, and durability for individual ...” „... parameters is executed not only regarding quality at an individual load point but also concerning their ...” „... conditions at different loads and misalignments. Misalignment Evaluation As an initial definition for the ...”
- „... thin-walled structures. The assumption of large stiffness is no longer applicable. The casing is rich in ...” „... irregular thin-walled structures. FE method can better restore the original physical model by taking into ...” „... for complex structures. The modes [2] and stress analysis [3] of the casing parts can be easily solved ...”
- „... project located at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) in Germany. The aim is the ...” „... within the TraCIM online platform located at the PTB. TraCIM covers the work of the “Traceability for ...” „... gears” aims at a solution for this situation. In contrast to the first software test provided by the PTB ...”
- „... connectionElectrical connectionEngine Generator Motor ABattery Motor BHEV Fig. 1: Structure of series hybrid electric ...” „... system The structure of the research object is shown in the figure 1. In many engineering practices, it ...” „... is necessary to optimize multiple objectives at the same time, that is, to find the vector composed ...”
- „... friction of an oil to be assessed at low speeds in the range from boundary and mixed friction to ...” „... elastohydrodynamic fluid friction at high speeds. The investigations show that the coefficient of friction behavior ...” „... parameters of a mineral gear oil from traction curves. At 75 °C lubricant temperature, the coefficient of ...”
- „... lower local pressure. Additionally, due to the special layered material structure the particles can be ...” „... the friction significantly almost at all loads and the maximal friction reduction was 38 %. The wear ...” „... in this configuration at the University of Mannheim, Germany. These include Castrol Optigear ...”
- „... productive conditions while keeping high gear quality. A two-step approach was chosen. At first, an analogy ...” „... package, leading to a positive effect on the efficiency of the overall system [1]. At the same time ...” „... process developed by the company NIDEC MACHINE TOOL CORPORATION that aims at the manufacturing of internal ...”
- „... (like PA) are prone to water/lubricant absorption, due to their chemical structure. As a result ...” „... water molecules is due to the amorphous parts of the semi-crystalline structure of thermoplastic, which ...” „... % relative humidity, 80 % relative humidity, submerged in demi water and PAO 8 oil, at two temperatures, 25 ...”
- „... scuffing, wear and corrosion and due to their increased heat resistance are also suitable for the use at ...” „... device. The torque can be controlled indirectly at the torque-measuring clutch as a twist of the torsion ...” „... , with a maximum amount of 45 μm each at the edge of the flank over a width of approx. 3.5 mm.The ...”
- „... measuring the structure-borne noise at the fixed ring gear in radial direction (see Fig. 9, measurement ...” „... radial structure-borne noise at the ring gear during seep ramp-up to 6800 rpm and 1500 Nm load torque ...” „... Hayashi [10]. At high rotational speeds and for low loads the load sharing behaviour is influenced ...”
- „... non-stationary wear rates, and a following steady state at lower constant wear rates [2]. This is due to the ...” „... roughness [5] and structure [4, 6] of the metal pinion, degree of crystallinity and spherulite size [3], or ...” „... analysis of the deformation of gear sets under operating conditions was developed and validated at the ...”
- „... bearings, shafts and gears. At an early stage of development, requirements and restrictions need to be ...” „... components into consideration at a time. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2389, 2022 7871. Introduction The only way to ...” „... keep pace with the trend toward ever shorter development times and, at the same time, constantly ...”
- „... and the ability to predict the contact stress distributions at gear meshes, thus enabling one to have ...” „... distributions at all gear meshes of the planetary gear set. Owing to its unique tooth compliance model, it can ...” „... Modeling and Assembly The input/output structure of a gearset typically consists of shafts and multiple ...”
- „... as the position of the knee itself. Hence, in order obtain a curve at different reliability levels, a ...” „... performed in a symmetrical configuration, i.e. two teeth loaded at the same time, also the survival of one ...” „... ?? Base diameter ?? Number of cycle at Spindel’s knee position ?? Root diameter ?? Stress at Spindel’s ...”
- „... sensor parts are positioned intentionally at the root of each tooth. Since these sensors are resistance ...” „... sensor types, any cracks happened at the tooth root during the gear operation will change the value of ...” „... operation are called right then to perform the combination and mutation of the latest selected structures of ...”
- „... gear grinding. At the same time, despite the potential of vitrified bonded cBN tools for profile gear ...” „... produce grinding burn at a much lower specific material removal. At a specific material removal of V'w ...” „... relatively high specific material removal can be ground at high gear quality without the occurrence of ...”
- „... team of former students at TU Wien in Vienna (Austria) started to work on new concepts of condition ...” „... structure. These magnetic parameters include shape of the hysteresis, saturation magnetization, and coercive ...” „... at any rotational speed of components and flow velocity of wear particles as well as with any ...”
- „... with crowning lead modification, the grinding amount at different radii of the same cross section along ...” „... structure of the electronic gearbox can be divided into master-slave structure, parallel structure. When the ...” „... speed are strictly required, so the master-slave structure and parallel structure are combined in this ...”
- „... occur at the speed 14472.4rpm; 0/3 forward wave resonance may occur at the speed 14668.4rpm, 15006rpm ...” „... , 15039rpm, and 16813.3rpm; 0/4 backward wave resonance may occur at the speed 20820.2rpm, 21189.8rpm ...” „... damping ring is aligned at the outside flange of gears (see Fig.2.1(a)). The geometry of damping ring is ...”
- „... (IFMT), Technische Universität Chemnitz 1. Structure of the gearbox Figure 1 a) shows the arrangement ...” „... coverage and thus a large number of flanks are meshed at the same time. Fig. 1: a) components of the ...” „... line is used in the following by applying a tooth profile gradually along the line at the first gear. A ...”
- „... also induced due to the plastic deformations with a maximum stress level at the surface since it’s ...” „... less process energy input. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2389, 2022 611 Fig. 4: Residual compressive stress at root ...” „... stress ratio R = 0 and at room temperature. A significant change of the stress concentration factor Kt ...”
- „... Tribology. The paper starts with an overview about the activities in teaching and research at TU Wien in ...” „... Transmissions for Aviation at TU Wien TU Wien addresses Transmissions for Aviation with Special Courses ...” „... ) was started at the same institute at TU Wien. This paper will show that a lot of topics are linked ...”
- „... . Signals are recorded with structure-bone noise acceleration sensors and get analyzed with the aid of ...” „... gear as possible (preferably at least 5 teeth). The f scatter yields a time-dependent change in the ...” „... find statistical relationships between the measured structure or airborne noise of transmission systems ...”
- „... to study the behaviour of subsurface cracks at the roller-race interface that can lead to either ...” „... , a preliminary analysis that aims to define the complex stress state at, and below the surface at the ...” „... actual service conditions at said interface, influences from VDI-Berichte Nr. 2389, 2022 499 multiple ...”
- „... applications is driven by a continuous striving for increased functionality and power density at the lowest ...” „... challenges in gear development. At the same time, a small installation space with reduced development and ...” „... the tooth root fatigue strength with a good approximation of the standard deviation at minimum cost ...”
- „... of magnetic transmissions is analogous to planetary gearboxes. The structure of magnetic ...” „... maintenance, no lubricants can leak out of the transmission. A second benefit utilized is the slip effect at ...” „... be realized more favorably – using one component less. At the same time, the entire function (drive ...”
- „... characteristics of such contacts usually depend on the properties of the tribofilms that generate at the surfaces ...” „... structure, and material combinations, reinforcements, etc. [2,3]. Most of those parameters were studied ...” „... tooth occurs at the critical value of the operation. The melting happens due to poor thermal resistance ...”
- „... gear at the point of highest load with its tool tip corner. Mostly, the tool corner is rounded ...” „... diameter of the gears meshing with each other. This paper describes a modified tool geometry at the tip ...” „... cylindrical gears is defined. It occurs if the load is applied at the outer single point of meshing, and in ...”
- „... . Exceptions are high-performance po-lymers such as PEEK, which can also be operated at higher temperature ...” „... [16]. Fig. 3: WLTP test cycle of class 2 vehicles The associated torque and speed characteristics at ...” „... FVehicle is calculated in the horizontal. With knowledge of the total driving resistance FVehicle at the ...”
- „... work is part of a wider research program, aimed at the prediction and preventionof subsurface-initiated ...” „... , carburizing at multiple carbon potentials, the amount ofmartensitic transformation (i.e. the cooling rate ...” „... TFF-critical materialdepth but predicts relatively large surface-near utilization levels even at the studied ...”
- „... at point Y 2 Face gear 0 Plane of action S Cutter I Interference boundary SP Pointing limit boundary ...” „... U Undercut boundary n Normal section t Transverse section b Value at the cutter base circle a Value ...” „... at the tooth tip i Inner Radius face gear o Outer Radius face gear Ff Value at root form circle ...”
- „... gears, a scuffing load capacity calculation is not available at the moment. This paper presents a ...” „... combinations are also prone to the failure mode scuffing at higher speeds. As scuffing damage can lead to rapid ...” „... , 2022814distance of ? 100 ?? and a gear ratio of ? 20,5 that is loaded with a speed of ?1500 1/??? at the ...”
- „... of 16MnCr5 and 18CrNiMo7-6 according to chemical analysis at the research center and the ...” „... according to chemical analysis at the research center. Specifications of the nominal values according to ...” „... : Chemical properties of 18CrNiMo7-6 according to chemical analysis at the research center. Specifications of ...”
- „... hardness profile due to segregations. Fig. 1: Structure of assessment method [1] Figure 1 shows a ...” „... then calculate the load at which intersection of the stress vector with the strength limit occurs. The ...” „... on the creation of the gear geometry. At Envision a geometry simulation tool was developed to be able ...”
- „... along with sub-structures (super-elements), which account for gear body contributions [18] as ...” „... are the maximum dynamic factor R (maximum dynamic-to-static mesh force ratio at a given speed or the ...” „... maximum of r defined in (2)) and the RMS of the axial displacement at the node on the gear rim shown in ...”
- „... geometric relationship and process parameters of rolling tool at the initial stage is established. The ...” „... satisfies !", #$is the expansion angle of the corresponding point K at the involute indexing circle, $ is ...” „... the pressure angle at point K on the involute profile, % & $ & , #$ is the expansion angle, and ...”
- „... derived at an early stage of the development process, enabling an optimized gearbox design at reduced ...” „... potential to derive essential information at an early stage of a gearbox development process (Morhard et al ...” „... with oil distributions at the corresponding test rig by means of a high-speed camera are in good ...”
- „... design optimization to get insight in the product performance at an early stage of the product ...” „... structure is initially defined, containing e.g. shafts, bearings, gears, and housings including their ...” „... gearing and multiple teeth contact at different mesh positions are shown. The three implemented analytical ...”
- „... National Bibliography); detailed bibliographic data is available via Internet at www.dnb.de.Preflight Lx3 ...” „... gear pair at speeds above its primary resonance ...” „... 1045F. Lagier, A. Bischofberger, K. Bause, S. Ott, IPEK – Institute of Product Engineering at ...”