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VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Commercial Vehicles 2021

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (Hrsg.)

Commercial Vehicles 2021

Reihe: VDI-Berichte

Band 2380 2021

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T. Schulz, S. Herrmann Data-driven selection of vehicle variants for the E/E integration test – Increasing variants and complex technology versus test coverage S. 81-96

„… Data-driven selection of vehicle variants for the E/E integration test Increasing variants and …” „… customers, also results in a very large number of variants. This complexity creates challenges for vehicle …” „… variants must be tested and validated. The test strategy for integration and testing is usually …”

D. Morgenweck, M. Großmann, W. Fakler, M. Lamke, F. Bitzer ZF E-Mobility products and software for commercial vehicles S. 1-16

„… between the central ZF control unit and the vehicle is identical for all drive variants. This also …” „… eTrailer CV segment Bus, MCV 26 t LCV < 7,5 t Bus 26 t Semi-Trailer 40t Type BEV Central drive …” „… BEV Central drive BEV Axle drive e-Trailer Hybrid / Range- Extender Electric motor type …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… , Austria Data-driven selection of vehicle variants for the E/E integration test – Increasing variants and …” „… � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �43 J. Ebert, Cornelia Keller-Ebert, Ebertconsulting GmbH, Köln eDrive & Fuel Cell powertrain systems …” „… transport missions using virtual drives� � � � � � � � � � � � 149 C. Biedinger, T. Halfmann, M …”

O. Treichel Simply connected – The central, configurable control system for full interlinking across systems for trucks,busses and light commercial vehicles S. 271-282

„… . Vehicles have the central purpose to drive from A to B, to transport the driver and the passengers. In …” „… software driven developments, controlling the functions and automating the features of the vehicle. Today …” „… communication. The communication, based on digital protocols, allows the driver, as well as the technician, a …”

L. Matthies, C. Frey Concept study of a commercial vehicle suspension with optional electric machines S. 167-178

„… electrification of vehicles. Conventional combustion engines are currently replaced by electric drives. At the …” „… an electric machine, as there is no connecting corridor through which drive shafts can be guided to …” „… in a technical manner. In the variant shown, the air bellows cylinders (8) were moved to the centre …”

H. Ulmer, M. Rothschuh, F. Brinkmann, R. Wascheck, T. Delebinski eDrive & Fuel Cell powertrain systems engineering for commercial vehicles S. 55-72

„… commercialized products, remain the most promising option. BEV variants show higher TCO values, mainly driven by …” „… eDrive & Fuel Cell Powertrain Systems Engineering for Commercial Vehicles Dr. Hubertus Ulmer …” „… drivers of future commercial vehicle designs are customer specific use cases as well as Total Cost of …”

L. Heber, J. Schwab, T. Knobelspies Thermoelectric generators for heavy-duty vehicles as an economical waste heat recovery system S. 17-32

„… engines offer a promising alternative drive solution to the dominant diesel units for HDV in long-haul …” „… cycle are VDI-Berichte Nr. 2380, 2021 19 specified as an empty drive (15 t total weight) and under full …” „… ) Further… VDI-Berichte Nr. 2380, 2021 23 Fig. 5 illustrates the TEG variants, as test bench functional …”

N. Rossel, M. Sommer, E. Sax Automated and networked city buses – Optimized, demand-oriented service through intelligent use of data S. 215-228

„… operation of city buses in urban areas. In addition, the potential of new data driven technologies will …” „… doors and HVAC1 control. 1 State of the Art and Motivation for data driven technologies 1.1 …” „… network plan, defined stops and thus a reduced number of variants like you have for city busses. If you …”

K. Feyerabend, A. Goers Towards the standardization of a high speed truck-trailer data connection S. 205-214

„… : Connector images by Ehsnils CC BY-SA 3.0, wikimedia.org © ZF Friedrichshafen AG Industry Drivers of the …” „… cables / variants - Compliance tests Active and passive support of the standardization is welcome …”

T. Mrazek, K. Puchner, D. Übellacker Fatigue development of a 10x10 commercial vehicle frame using dynamic and/or strength simulation, virtual iteration and component testing together with measurement data acquisition S. 73-80

„… account two different body variants with various wheelbases for each body. It was possible to adopt the …” „… , inverse transfer functions can be used to determine excitations (drives) for the simulation. In the case …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023808

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (Hrsg.)

Dritev 2023

Reihe: VDI-Berichte

Band 2420 2023

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H. Sandquist, E. Barrientos, S. Klacar Systemized Modular Approach for Electric Drive Unit Family Development S. 89-106

„… V BEV front and rear axle.4.1. EDU VariantsThe modular approach discussed in the previous section …” „… efficiency and fun-to-drive attributes are growing in demand as cars are extending into our daily lives of …” „… Methodology, InfiMotion Technology has proposed a family of stand-alone Electric Drive Units (EDUs) with …”

J. Gindele, F. Faistauer The Future of BEV: High Performance Without Compromising Driving Efficiency S. 37-44

„… vectoring capacity 6. Further benefits through complementary drives When comparing the AWD variants …” „… variants considered in the complementary design are superior in efficiency to even 2WD drives by 2-3 …” „… , hybridization have helped to overcome this to some extent. Electric drives show an almost contrary behavior. And …”

S. Yan, P. Piecha, N. Hetzel Virtual Generation of Load Profiles and Spectra for Designing Electrified Vehicles – The influence of software and driving scenarios on powertrain design S. 377-390

„… . The total driven distance was 8.3 km. To focus on the traffic influences, only the vehicle variant …” „… -kollektive für alle spezifischen Antriebsstrangarchitekturen und -varianten so-wie Softwareversionen. Um …” „… Antriebsstrangkomponenten von beispiel-haften Varianten eines Fahrzeugmodells abgeleitet. Diese Varianten weisen …”

P. Geradts, M. Kasten, A. Landvogt Psychoacoustic optimization of the NVH behavior of an eDrive power train – Application of a Targeted Micro Geometry Scatter on Helical Gears to break-up the regularity of the transmission error excita... S. 459-470

„… Psychoacoustic optimization of the NVH behavior of an eDrive power train Application of a Targeted …” „… Drehfehlerrechnungen in Messungen auf einem Teststand für ein eDrive-System untersucht. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2420, 2023 459 …” „… in purely electrically driven vehicles with the elimination of the masking benefits of the internal …”

D. Schweigert, B. Morhard, F. Oberneder, L. Pointner-Gabriel, M. Otto, K. Stahl Speed4E: Simulative and Experimental Results on the Vibration Behavior of a High-Speed Planetary Gearbox S. 441-458

„… improve the vibration behavior of high-speed drives in EVs and provide a deep understanding of the …” „… driven by an induction machine (IM, EM1), whilst sub-transmission 2 (ST2) is driven by a permanent magnet …” „… reference variant represents a balanced design with respect to efficiency and excitation behavior. In …”

M. Gukelberger Magna’s Dedicated Hybrid Drive DHD Duo – a Platformbased two e-Machine System S. 197-204

„… Magna’s Dedicated Hybrid Drive DHD Duo – a Platform-based two e-Machine System Marc Gukelberger …” „… feasible, primarily due to the lack of energy and infrastructure op-tions. Even in China, hybrid drives are …” „… drives and internal combustion en-gines. The Chinese Road Map 2.0 specifies target values for fuel …”

A. Freiburg Virtual development – optimized E-Drive selection by system simulation S. 73-88

„… Virtual development – optimized E-Drive selection by system simulation System model based on …” „… Varianten aus der Systemsimulation führt zu einer optimalen Lösung für unseren Kunden. Abstract Challenge …” „… validation The complexity of an E-Drive system is further increasing by adding sustainability requirements …”

C. Mohr Acoustic Optimization of Electric Powertrains from a Vehicle Level Perspective S. 471-0

„… of predefined limit curves in the development of drives for completely new vehicle concepts is not …” „… without its limits. A closer cooperation between manufacturers and drive suppliers is key to achieving a …” „… starting point of the development process is interior noise. If a new drive is to be devel-oped for an …”

S. Kaimer Vehicle Motion Control by Advanced Wheel Torque Management S. 13-20

„… long-standing experience of optimizing 4WD and AWD drives that used to be ICE-based for decades. Currently, a …” „… strong shift towards electric all-wheel drives (eAWD) takes place. eAWD in BEVs becomes much more common …” „… power output. Secondly, placing two separate e-drives on the front and rear axle is easier than …”

R. Fehrenbacher, P. Duck, K. Bause Ways to increase sustainability by expanding product development processes for vehicles using the example of a hybridized automated transmission S. 411-424

„… with several variants, e.g., to enable individualizations such as different drive types in different …” „… performance classes, which can exist on the market in parallel over time. Since these variants can be adapted …” „… to changing boundary conditions over time, versions of these variants can be created with the help of …”

S. Ott, A. Braumandl, K. Bause Product-Production-CoDesign of Electric Traction Motors with Model-Based Systems Engineering S. 61-72

„… Introduction With the modern world rapidly evolving towards advanced mobility systems, vehicles and their drive …” „… vehicles, their drive systems, communication systems, and infrastructure systems, collaborate to provide …” „… seamless mobility services to the users. Drive systems are a critical subsystem of the mobility system with …”

C. Reumüller, M. Sedlmair, M. Hein, A. Damm Transformation from conventional to electric powertrains Challenges in testing mechatronic shifting systems S. 359-376

„… is currently in a far-reaching transformation process. Driven by planned bans on vehicles with …” „… in a far-reaching transformation process. Driven by planned bans on vehicles with internal combustion …” „… example to disable 4-wheel-drive [2] for reducing drag torque in cruise mode or to connect an e-axle in a …”

C. Gropp Leading sustainable transportation: Bringing our vision to the road S. 1-12

„… driver causing an increasing amount of 42,2 Gt CO2 emissions per year. Transportation (including planes …” „… had start of production with more variants and a modular battery design, serving multiple markets. In …” „… ). Another huge driver is the local availability of green energy. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2420, 2023 5 Fig. 6 …”

T. Hofman, J. Van Kampen, O. Borsboom Electric Mobility Design – From Powertrain Components to Vehicle Fleet Optimization S. 391-410

„… together with the same drive towards our mutual goal of accelerating the energy and mobility transition …” „… , e-drive, and gearbox system), we focus at a lower-coupled system level on understanding how to develop …” „… variants in the fleet. Fig. 2: Electrification of powertrains for different vehicle applications …”

T. Schneider, K. Völkel, K. Stahl Failure Characteristics of Wet-Clutches in Limited Slip Differentials S. 307-324

„… modern drive systems, replacing reactive or preventive maintenance with condition-based maintenance. For …” „… Failure The investigation will begin by identifying the cause of failure in the friction system variants …” „… Research Association for Drive Technology e.V. (FVA)/Research Association for Combustion Engines e.V. (FVV …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024201

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (Hrsg.)

PIAE EUROPE

2020

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S. Bürger, T. Voigt, A. Kaplangiray Haptic structures of interior decorative bezels in the new Ford Puma utilizing the three-dimensional overlay method (TOM) S. 281-294

„… Analytical design In order to secure a two-cavity mold for the driver-side decorative bezel, two variant …” „… condition of minimizing variant-specific investments. 3. Technical implementation 3.1 Presentation of …” „… components known from the Fiesta for the driver and front passenger side decorative bezels. Instead of the …”

325 Group Renault Plastic Material Vision for New Mobility Trends S. 311-332

„… asks the new question to chemists. Plastic materials will be exposed to the effects of multi-drivers …” „… range of spring rates suffices to form the variants. Fig. 4 shows the behavior of the lower and upper …” „… individual rates, human assessment by the test driver is particularly necessary. This is the only way that …”

A. Schmitz The all-new MAN high-roof cab: epoxy-sandwich RTM – simulated using FEM and crashed under real conditions S. 61-76

„… placed in the driver's seat (unlike the car test where the dummy is inside the vehicle during the crash …” „… that variant calculations with the associated lead time for networking can be delivered much faster …”

T. Stier, N. Lammert, C. Heinz, N. Unger Additive manufacturing based on screw extrusion: machines, material and applications in the automotive industry S. 181-196

„… and to equip the component under construction with additional functions. For this purpose, the drive …” „… , production flexibility is increased, enabling economical production of product variants. Overall this …” „… . This is important because the bottleneck in variant production and lean production will not be in …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023693

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - International Conference on Gears 2023

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (Hrsg.)

International Conference on Gears 2023

Reihe: VDI-Berichte

Band 2422 2023

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B. Abert, D. Werner The Influence of Wheel Body Design on Airborne Noise S. 357-366

„… Spectra for two wheel body variantsThe Transmission Errors in Figure 4 are adjusted for the static …” „… detailed analysis of the relevant eigenvalues and eigenmodes.Introduction In recent years, electric drives …” „… high-torque e-machines are larger and more expensive, and therefore lean and compact high-speed drives are …”

W. Wagner, S. Schumann, B. Schlecht The relevance of pinion deflection and twisting for loaded tooth contact analysis of high reduction hypoid gears S. 829-838

„… variants in drive mode. In contrast, the right diagram of Fig. 5 shows the total deformation change in …” „… "free" variants in drive mode. It is noticeable that the maxima and thus the entire contact pattern …” „… (left) and „free“ variant (right) in drive mode 020040060080010001200fixed twisting bending freemax …”

U. Kissling Impact of manufacturing deviations on the NVH behavior of modern gear design concepts S. 367-382

„… be performed to analyze the scatter of these parameters. Different variants of the amplitude, length …” „… and start values are generated. Contact analysis is performed for each variant to calculate the most …” „… ). For every double amplitude 16 wave variants are calculated with 4 different wave lengths and 4 …”

C. Kirchhoff, P. Tenberge Optimization of the vibrational behavior of ZI crossed helical gears with a plastic wheel and a steel worm S. 1419-1434

„… the primary drive trains of automobiles, so that the minimization of noise emissions from secondary …” „… drives has become a priority. Crossed helical gears with steel worm and plastic wheel are often used in …” „… such secondary drives because they allow a high transmission ratio in a compactly built gearbox stage …”

A. Wallinger, R. Vonderschmidt, S. Vonderschmidt Lubricant Free Transmissions for the food industry – A Comparison S. 715-726

„… components often require lubrication. One route of entry into the food can be damaged seals in the drives …” „… , stainless steel drives in hygienic design have become more popular in high-quality plants than earlier …” „… challenges for the drive technology. One task for maintenance personnel is to regularly check the drives for …”

J. Vorgerd, P. Tenberge, M. Steinrötter Scuffing load carrying capacity of high-speed gears with an isotropic superfinished surface S. 227-242

„… and sustainable drive systems with a high degree of material utilization, it is necessary to quantify …” „… a closed power loop between a test and a slave gearbox. The power loop is driven by an electric …” „… load capacity tests were carried out with two gear geometries, Tab 1. Both variants are designed to …”

T. Schmidt, B. Neubauer, D. Merk White Etching Cracks (WECs) on gears of E-Axle applications S. 257-268

„… test was driven further with full load but failed with WEC induced pitting and breakage after a very …” „… DIN51819-1: 1-test bearing, 2-spring package, 3-Shaft, 4-bearing housing drive side, 5-bearing …” „… secondary failure of SIF means a risk for an inexact WEC-indication. The risk of SIF is mainly driven by the …”

M. Reichl, P. Lenz, A. Oliva Challenges and possibilities of virtual development of e-axle transmissions S. 485-498

„… , which must be managed and optimized. In addition, the efficiency of the drive system plays a major role …” „… . Introduction There are three main concerns in the development of today's gear drives: load capacity …” „… be set up much faster and the simulation of different geometry variants is also very efficient and …”

I. Hong, D. Talbot Tooth Bending Strain Rate Analysis in a Counter Shaft Drivetrain and Implications on Fatigue Strength S. 53-66

„… which is driven by strain rate dependent plasticity behaviors. This study combs through current …” „… literature and provides an analysis on an example countershaft electric vehicle drive unit to explore what …” „… 55material where ferritic microstructures will be located. Pitting failures are driven by surface …”

S. Sklenak, D. Mevissen, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher, B. Lenz, A. Mehner Analysis of Load Cycles and Local Wear of Dry and Solid-Lubricated Gears S. 727-740

„… drives is limited due to the lubricant properties, for example by hygiene guidelines or high temperature …” „… fluctuations. Solid lubricants are an alternative to liquid lubricants in gear drives. However, the …” „… gear drives, the rolling-sliding contact at the tooth flanks is usually lubricated with liquid …”

M. Vivet, A. Rezayat, J. Verhoogen, K. Kucukcoskun, S. Donders Numerical analysis of bevel gear transmission acoustic emission using a 3D gear contact force model within a multibody system dynamics simulation environment S. 689-702

„… and presented for three spiral bevel gear variants; two that have a normal gear blank design and one …” „… electric drives?”.NVH (noise, vibration, and harshness) performance is seen as a key differentiator since …” „… components and gear pair variants. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 20236923. Spiral bevel gearbox dynamic …”

M. Geitner, S. Preintner, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Simulation Study on the Tribological Characteristics in the Meshing Contact in the Context of the Load Carrying Capacity Calculation of Internal Gears with Unbalanced Sliding Conditions S. 429-450

„… consequently. With a normal module of 𝑚 = 4.0 mm, the two variants C below and C above have a comparable size …” „… active profile length of the variants C below and C above are almost identical, but slightly lower …” „… Sliding Assumed within the theoretical investigations, the planet gear drives the ring gear. Consequently …”

J. D. M. Marafona, J. H. O. Seabra, P. M. T. Marques, R. C. Martins Effect of overlap ratio on gear dynamic behavior and noise level S. 1239-1256

„… H951 Driving Driven Driving Driven /- number of teeth 20 30 38 57 /mm normal module 3.5 1.75 …” „… the geometrical parameters of the IOR100 and its variants with their corresponding contact and overlap …” „… ratios. Table 4: Parameters for the IOR100 variants IOR100: 200 175 150 125 100 075 050/- 40 40 40 40 40 …”

S. Ebrahimi, U. Kissling, C. S. Matkovič Evaluation of the NVH Characteristics of Gear Drives with Plastic Gears by the Forced Response Analysis S. 1403-1418

„… Evaluation of the NVH Characteristics of Gear Drives with Plastic Gears by the Forced Response …” „… different schemes. Two variants of the model with different gear material, one with plastic gears and one …” „… torque, as shown in Figure 1. Two variants of the model with different gear materials, one with plastic …”

C. Kunik, J. Kunert Wetting and oil flow analysis of planetary gearboxes using oil flow simulations S. 467-484

„… is one of the most significant factor for every product in drive technology. Therefore, the …” „… ) to analyze the fluid flow and evaluate the power losses for a wide range of gear unit variants in …” „… specific questions in drive technology. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023 4671. Introduction Quality and …”

U. Cihak-Bayr, T. Wopelka, C. Wintersteiger Effect of LOL conditions under high velocity and high injection temperatures S. 763-778

„… auch einer Variante mit Superfinish, deren Topographien mittels 3D Messungen bestimmt wurde. Die …” „… encloses the two discs. Each disc is driven by a separate engine, which are connected to the discs via …” „… test-rig engines. Therefore, no general values can be stated. The two engines which drive each disc …”

M. Willecke, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher Experimental Investigation of the load carrying capacity of beveloid gears with optimized flank topography S. 125-138

„… Beveloid gears satisfy the relevant need in drive train technology to connect two shafts that are …” „… , a large number of variants must undergo tooth contact analysis through simulations. However, the …” „… high volume of these variants significantly increases the computational time and resources required. [8 …”

A. Beinstingel, F. Haringer, W. Sigmund, M. Heider, B. Pinnekamp, S. Marburg Investigation of Sound and Vibration Behavior of Cylindrical Gears S. 599-618

„… Munich, GermanyAbstractAs technology progresses, the demands placed on drive trains are continuously …” „… elastic foundation support, respectively, build the connection to the adjacent components of the drive …” „… train: ship foundation, propeller shaft and drive motor. On this basis, a full elastic separation is …”

E. Virtanen, M. Kanerva, G. Szanti Fatigue testing of large sized bevel gears S. 897-906

„… of large bevel gear drives, for example those in the marine industry, are sometimes disappointing …” „… in the rig was changed to a variant with a higher viscosity. The change was deemed necessary, as the …”

C. Westphal, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher Influence of Axis Misalignments in Stepped Planetary Gear Stages on the Excitation Behavior – Test Rig Development and Simulative Analysis S. 175-190

„… challenges in drive technology. Advantages include in particular the short axial length in conjunction with a …” „… 179the reference variant (without misalignment). Finally, the investigation of an angular offset …” „… axis misalignments as they can be investigated on the test rig. First, a reference variant is simulated …”

S. Sepp, A. Wenig, M. Otto, K. Stahl Acoustical behavior of periodic flank modifications under dynamic operating conditions S. 341-356

„… time-variant force excitation in the tooth contact. The tooth force excitation is calculated according to …” „… gear geometry in Table 1. In terms of microgeometry, two different variants were designed, one with …” „… Research Association for Drive Technology e.V. (FVA); supported partly by the FVA and through the German …”

E. Grabovic, A. Artoni, M. Gabiccini, E. Ciulli Exploration of trade-offs between NVH and efficiency in bevel gear design S. 853-880

„… previous study [21], we demonstrated the benefits of using a sparse formulation variant of [33] to describe …” „… computational efficiency. The computational efficiency Fig. 7: Polynomial ease-off used to drive the …” „… optimization focuses on the operating conditions of the drive side and, as such, the ease-off functions are …”

J. Langhart, S. Ebrahimi, T. Kelichhaus A comparison of time and frequency domain approaches for NVH S. 583-598

„… design variants of a typical EV drive model. The evaluation of the NVH results is done by comparing …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024225

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - International Conference on Gears 2022

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (Hrsg.)

International Conference on Gears 2022

Reihe: VDI-Berichte

Band 2389 2022

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M. Furst, J. Gotz, M. Otto, K. Stahl Automation of gearbox design S. 787-802

„… different variants:VAR1 (? 0°), VAR7 (? 45°), VAR8 (?90°). All variants: spline and circlip Fig. 14: Mass …” „… E [23]. Skeleton "Input/output shaft" For drive shafts, the following characteristic arrangement of …” „… are plotted on this shaft in Fig. 12. Variant 1 represents the baseline design according to the …”

J. Theling, M. Willecke, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher Influences on the Excitation Behavior of Lightweight Planetary Gearboxes S. 421-432

„… Abstract One of the main cost drivers in mechanical engineering is material. In order to reduce costs, but …” „… shafts are used to decouple the intermediate gearboxes from the measurement cell. The sun gear is driven …” „… gear and a helical gear are investigated. The gear data for the two variants can be found in Table 1 …”

M. Weigand Calculation of weight and center of gravity of rotorcraft drive trains in the early design phases – Exploratory study of feasibility and possible approaches S. 999-1004

„… : Templates The first variant uses templates of whole transmissions where the drive train layout ist already …” „… Calculation of weight and center of gravity of rotorcraft drive trains in the early design phases …” „… discussion is driven by new requirements and new mission profiles, e.g. higher forward speed (highspeed …”

N. Hessinger, M. Braunstingl, H. Bansal Advanced use of DOE in gear geometry optimization S. 281-286

„… robustness, meaning the stability of their behaviour, over a matrix consisting of drive and coast operating …” „… base design variant gearset. To depict all possible interactions, the FEA model consists of the …” „… Gear Design Individual gear design variant parameters, such as cutter radius, spiral angle and pressure …”

D. Mevissen, L. Uhlmann, U. Kupper, J. Brimmers, T. Bergs Analysis of friction of bowl-shaped surface structures resulting from alternative gear manufacturing processes S. 1371-1382

„… VariantsIn case of the finishing process of machine hammer peening, the test surface was ground with a …” „… 1.1#31.1VariantsTrim CutsRa / μmMachine: Hommeletamicnanoscan855Topography MeasurementL = 12 mm ; d= 0,5 …” „… reference variant with similar roughness is also tested. In the third step, the changes of surface roughness …”

C. M. Illenberger, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Operating behavior and performance of oil-lubricated plastic gears S. 1117-1132

„… are constantly expanding their areas of application and market share in the field of drive technology …” „… . In contrast to the earlier period when drives in domestic products or aux-iliary drives were mostly …” „… transmitted drive power and the coefficient of friction prevailing in the tooth contact, the lubrication …”

N. Blech, T. Tobie, K. Stahl, C. Guntner, S. Schurer Material influence on mechanical properties of gears with alternative microstructures S. 265-280

„… properties in preceding research work. In a previous publication, the results of three variants made of the …” „… conventional carburizing with subsequent case hardening. The second variant was also gas carburized, but with a …” „… high proportion of retained austenite. The last presented variant had a bainitic structure in the …”

J. Thomas, C. Gosselin, F. Mieth Design, strength calculation by ISO10300 and loaded TCA of forged differential bevel gears S. 157-170

„… „Forschungsvereinigung Antriebstechnik e.V. (FVA)“ VDI-Berichte Nr. 2389, 2022 1571. Introduction Driven axes require a differential gearset to balance the speeds …” „… of the two output axles when cornering. If two driven axles are combined, then another differential …” „… is driven conventionally by a combustion engine or by electric motors, at least as long as each axle …”

L. Maccioni, F. Concli, C. Paschold A Novel Concept of Nested Cycloidal Speed Reducer S. 969-984

„… number of meshing features, i.e. lobes-rollers for cycloidal drive and tooth-tooth for gears [6]. The …” „… variants and operation conditions. For gearing C, the calculation slightly underestimates the measured …” „… , oil, bearing, and tooth bulk for the considered gearing variants. The calculation results for the …”

A. Miltenovic, M. Banic Investigation of the meshing friction heat generation of worm gears and influence of the contact shape S. 803-810

„… of the whole worm gear drive using FEM. For the FEM simulation are chosen referenced geometry given …” „… . Average contact flux has the average values for normal variant is 62919 W/m2. For worm gear variant where …” „… W/m2 and for the variant where contact pattern is shifted in the outlet side is the average contact …”

J. Koenig, D. Kehle, K.-P. Heinzle Investigation of the failure mechanisms of plastic materials with and without fiber reinforcement S. 1269-1280

„… [9]. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2389, 20221270 2. Experimental investigation Test variants As part of this …” „… . The variants are stated in Table 1 and consist of two common non-reinforced materials (POM and PA46 …” „… increase of the Young’s modulus. Table 1: Plastic material variants Name Base material Fiber reinforcement …”

A. Sitzmann, T. Tobie, K. Stahl, S. Hoja, S. Schurer Deep nitriding – contact and bending strength of gears with increased nitriding hardening depth S. 875-890

„… shaft. A three-phase asynchronous engine drives the test rig. [9,13,17] 3.2 Test Gears and Test Variants …” „… carrying capacity as well as the test gears and test variants. The tests are based on the requirements of …” „… connected to a drive gear stage with the same gear ratio. The shaft of the test pinion consists of two …”

W. Wagner, S. Schumann, B. Schlecht Enhanced loaded tooth contact analysis of hypoid gears within a multi-body-system simulation S. 357-370

„… with a significant smaller contact point count. Introduction Gear drives of various power classes are …” „… used in the drive trains of machines and vehicles. Depending on the torque to be transmitted and the …” „… theoretical variant with higher discretisation is shown. The base idea is that only for the boundary sections …”

S. Ebrahimi, J. Langhart, D. Marano NVH calculations for drivetrains, a methodology for selection of the best suitable calculation approach for a specific purpose S. 75-90

„… typical gearbox. Two different variants of gear designs regarding the microgeometry are considered for …” „… this study. These two variants consist of the “best-of-best" (BOB) design, where the modifications lead …” „… between tooth mesh and the structural behavior of the drive train characterizes the noise and vibration …”

J. Vorgerd, P. Tenberge, M. Joop Scuffing of cylindrical gears with pitch line velocities up to 100 m/s S. 903-914

„… pitch line velocity of two gear design variants running at constant temperatures and lubricant …” „… up between a test and a slave gearbox. The shaft system is driven by an electric motor, which only …” „… Unit Variant 1 Center distance a mm 203.3 Rotational speed pinion shaft n1 rpm up to 12,000 Torque load …”

B. Reetz, T. Munch, W. Kappeler Challenges for lead-free brass alloys in worm gears S. 1467-1488

„… flank. Strength against fracture at the tooth root is also very important. In worm drives different …” „… to increasing wear under high loadings. This wear is further driven by the generation of friction …” „… lead-containing and lead-free variants are negligible and in the order of magnitude of the variations that occur …”

P. Rodel, R. Spieler, M. Indenbirken, T. Nuisl Holistic friction optimization of transmissions – a significant contribution for sustainability S. 731-744

„… industrial economy worldwide. Outstanding innovations in power sector, industry, and mobility are driven by …” „… the efforts, being climate friendly the best way possible. This also affects the drive train and …” „… virtual variants can be analyzed and be rated long before the first real prototypes exist. Schaeffler …”

I. Hong, Z. Teaford, A. Kahraman A comparison of gear tooth bending fatigue lives from single tooth bending and rotating gear tests S. 45-74

„… bending fatigue failures are instantaneously catastrophic to gear drive power transmission systems. For …” „… . McPherson and Rao [6] calculated an adjusted normal probability variant to account for the probability of …” „… one tooth failing on a gear of z teeth. This adjusted normal probability variant was then used to …”

H.-J. Dennig, L. Zumofen, A. Kirchheim, S. Winterberg, D. Stierli Increasing the safety against scuffing of additive manufactured gear wheels by internal cooling channels S. 1345-1364

„… , 20221350The simplest variant for the channel course in the tooth is an arch shape. It could also be …” „… to the gear ratios and the given engine power, the pinion is b = 10 mm wide and is driven at 2350 rpm …” „… due to cantilevered positioning in the test rig. z₂ = 24b = 20 mmDriven Gearn₂ = 1567 rpm₂ ₂ = 20 …”

K. Lubke, M. Stein, S. Lin Validation of evaluation algorithms for cylindrical involute gears on coordinate measuring machines – new challenges according to standardization S. 1529-1538

„… variants for evaluations have tremendously increased. Additionally, in 2016 the standard IATF VDI-Berichte …” „… Research Association for Drive Technology (FVA) for supporting this project. Reference [1] VDI/VDE 2610 …”

A. Eric, D. Olveda, T. Froschmeier, V. Schulze Local pitting fatigue concept with EHL simulation for case hardened gears in electrical drives S. 133-144

„… Local Pitting Fatigue Concept with EHL Simulation for Case Hardened Gears in Electrical Drives A …” „… pair with higher surface roughness Both simulation variants reveal good agreement with the actual …”

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