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Aron Sommer - Backprojection Autofocus of Large Ships with Arbitrary Motion for Synthetic Aperture Radar

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Aron Sommer

Backprojection Autofocus of Large Ships with Arbitrary Motion for Synthetic Aperture Radar

Reihe: Informatik/ Kommunikation

Band 867 2020

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Introduction S. 1-12

„… can only process data measured along a perfectly straight flight path. Small deviations to this …” „… distances to objects in a small angular view. It locates airplanes by transmitting an electromagnetic wave …” „… scanner equipped with small near-field SAR systems detect hidden firearms or metal objects for safety …”

Conclusions S. 112-116

„… images of the illuminated area as fast as possible on board of a small airplane or an UAV. This image is …” „… range profiles iteratively such that the final SAR image is reconstructed from a much smaller number of …” „… our analysis in a parameter choice rule and evaluated it using a real data airborne X-band example …”

Basics of Backprojection Image Reconstruction S. 13-39

„… , the reader should know how radar data is mathematically described and how a sharp radar image is …” „… reconstructed from data using the backprojection autofocus technique by Ash [Ash12]. We begin this chapter with …” „… data, Sec. 2.6 shows experimental results of the GBP algorithm and of the autofocus by Ash. The …”

Autofocus of Large Ships with Arbitrary Motion S. 75-111

„… contrast to Ash, we divide the image into small subimages and estimate pulse-by-pulse the relative …” „… , rotations and translations using data from a long observation time, which improves the image quality …” „… translations. Afterwards, we show by synthetic data that arbitrarily moving ships appear smeared, shifted and …”

Optimization of Fast Factorized Backprojection S. 40-74

„… sets and derive a parameter choice rule in Sec. 3.6. Experimental results of two real data scenarios in …” „… := γm and the original range-compressed data d is stored in d(0). In every stage l = 1, . . . , L, the …” „… interpolated and phase corrected range profiles d(l−1)m from the previous stage. This data combination process …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186867100

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - LAND.TECHNIK 2022

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (Hrsg.)

LAND.TECHNIK 2022

Reihe: VDI-Berichte

Band 2395 2022

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L. Petrich, V. Schmidt, A. Stoll Tractor-mounted implement with section control and small-scale robot: Monte Carlo-based scenario analysis for effective weed control in extensive grassland S. 285-292

„… Tractor-mounted implement with section control and small-scale robot: Monte Carlo-based scenario …” „… Colchicum autumnale. Based on image data acquired on the site and their analysis, application maps can be …” „… generated for small-scale robots or tractor-mounted implements with section control. The question arises …”

E. Eder, P. Riegler-Nurscher, J. Prankl Estimation of grassland yield from satellite data with ANN based transfer learning S. 293-300

„… was chosen. The second stage of learning was the yield prediction. Because the dataset was very small …” „… Estimation of grassland yield from satellite data with ANN based transfer learning B.Sc. Elias …” „… the biggest challenges with satellite data processing in the VIS and NIR range are atmospheric …”

M. Abdipourchenarestansofla, H. P. Piepho Yield observation outlier detection with unsupervised machine learning in harvest machines S. 343-348

„… processing operations to be applied on the data. The first data cleaning operation is done by setting …” „… outliers. The developed method is tested on real yield monitoring data from winter wheat and wintery …” „… eliminating the noise. The developed pipeline provides an automated outlier detection with a smaller number …”

R. A. Rohrer, J. D. Luck Automated Droplet Size and Rate Control via Electromechanically Actuated Variable-Orifice Nozzles and Boom Pressure S. 117-124

„… nozzle assembly to collect data for characterizing nozzle performance. The droplet spectra for each …” „… (Sympatec Inc., Clausthal, Germany); [6] previously described methods of data collection at this facility …” „… Distribution, and Droplet Size To evaluate flow error, data spanning the system operating envelope (five …”

S. Schwich, J. Schattenberg, L. Frerichs, M. Gallmeier Adaptive control of a self-propelled sugar beet harvester S. 447-456

„… separated using task-specific nodes. The most important nodes are a data processor, a load-coefficient …” „… working principles, the machine-quality interactions have to be surveyed. In theory a small …” „… decreases the filter area per beet, but also decreases the space per beet leading to smaller accelerations …”

C. J. Lee, S. Schatzle, S. A. Lang Evaluation of perception sensors for safety of highly automated machine operations S. 163-170

„… , using redundant configurations and fusing data from different sensors or measurements from a single …” „… , the sensor assessments can be made. Comparing technical requirements with the technical data sheet is …” „… perception sensor types for requirements of the introduced exemplary use case. Technical data of specific …”

M. Verhoeven, B. Missotten, J. Clarisse, S. Van Campenhout, S. Devos Artificial Intelligence based Grainloss Calculator and Real Time Connected APP S. 535-540

„… automatically determine the number of lost kernels by taking a picture of a small but well-defined area right …” „… : On the bottom left a function to send the computed data back to the Combine VDI-Berichte Nr. 2395 …” „… well. A picture of a small area in the swath behind the combine is taken with a mobile device. The …”

C. Scholz, B. Pamornnak, S. Becker, A. Ruckelshausen Practice of autonomous field robotics compared to a tractor-implement-combination for the example of mechanical weed control S. 111-116

„… , two different size field robots (big-size and small-size robots) without an adaptive tool shifting …” „… robot, and the small-size field robot, respectively. Due to the driving shift for all systems, the …” „… machine. Furthermore, important aspects are the data management for the operation of the field robots in …”

F. Martin, G. Lohrmann, A. Stoll Selective weed control in grassland using high-pressure water jets S. 105-110

„… autumnale. Based on a developed image analysis [4], small scale robots or tractor-mounted implements can be …” „… targeted to only a small area around the weed and with little impact on surrounding flora and fauna. 2 …” „… concept. Based on previously analyzed image data, a device can treat individual weeds by applying a …”

J. Guo, L. Frerichs, F. Shen, S. Munstermann Analysis of abrasive wear of tillage tools on both macro- and microscopic level S. 309-316

„… deformations (for example, changes of profile of the tine surface). The measurement data are applied in …” „… diagrams (Fig. 2) are created based on the measurement data. The red points are real measured data, while …” „… only small fluctuations over time/distance are observed in the simulation results. In the next step …”

M. Wesle-Zehetmair, C. Engelhart, C. Marbach, C. Engelhart Innovative surround sensing conquers the agricultural market! Vision System – a pioneering sensor system for diverse use S. 171-176

„… is one of the smallest on the market. Bosch supplies the radar sensors in two different versions …” „… . Ultrasonic – small but effective Ultrasonic sensor systems are perfect for near-field monitoring of the …” „… control unit for sensor data processing. By interlinking all of the vehicle’s surround sensors, a …”

A. Leenknegt, T. Mahieu, G. Nerinckx, B. Lenaerts, B. Missotten Automatic residue spreading control based on radar sensing technology on a combine harvester S. 87-96

„… cannot be corrected with a post-harvest action, e.g. chaff is too small to be moved with a tillage …” „… , however is posing some challenges to interpret the data. Table 1: Comparison of four major …” „… to monitor: the residue particles are small and low-reflective. On the one hand dedicated RADAR …”

M. Abdipourchenarestansofla, C. Schroth The importance of data quality assessment for machinery data in the field of agriculture S. 495-500

„… machinery data with the scope of fertilizer and chemical applicators in small grain. The chemical and …” „… The importance of data quality assessment for machinery data in the field of agriculture …” „… farming 4.0, more and more smart sensors are being used and telematics brought lots of machinery data …”

B. Adams Validation Principles of Agricultural Machine Multibody Dynamics Models S. 219-226

„… datasets. Furthermore, to summarize simulation model performance against physical data, applied under a …” „… datasets. These tests can only be applied however if the data measurements are normally distributed. As …” „… design involve categorization of dynamic subsystems, creation of a data acquisition plan, determination …”

F. Pult, A. Stein, M. Geimer Challenges in the Use of Alternative Fuels: Solutions to handle Boil-Off Gas in Agricultural Machines S. 431-440

„… – https://www.claas.de/blueprint/servlet/blob/2560832/59a08caa5f63934b047b212c5cb4 75dd/443589-23-dataRaw.pdf, Zugriff am 29.11.2021. [15 …” „… engine of the vehicle can be used or an additional engine optimized for the smaller loads. The generated …” „… system self-sufficiently. Concept 4: A second smaller engine operates the alternator which is adapted to …”

A. Schroder, P. Pickel, P. Emberger, J. Spiegel, E. Remmele The Multifuel Tractor – A Flexible Fuel Option to Reduce Fossil Fuel Consumption S. 441-446

„… terms of their functionality and to collect reference data for a later use on the tractor. A QLT Sensor …” „… following figure (figure 3): VDI-Berichte Nr. 2395, 2022 443 Fig. 3: Field test data of the VLO-M1 …” „… maps were created for mixtures of diesel, biodiesel and rapeseed oil in 25% increments. The data …”

I. Stasewitsch, J. Schattenberg, L. Frerichs, K. Kruger, J. Schobel, M. Lehr, T. Neugebauer Localization with a ground penetrating radar in harsh agricultural environments S. 153-162

„… transmits and Rx2 receives etc. The radar data in the frequency domain can be read out via the USB …” „… the GPR data. So, each radar sweep is referenced with a position of this localization system. The …” „… system. The perquisite for both steps is to transform the radar data from the frequency domain into the …”

A. Klein, M. Kissel, P. Pickel, F. de Moraes Boos, V. Kegel GridCON2 – Development of a Cable Drum Vehicle Concept to Power 1MW Fully Electric Agricultural Swarms S. 11-16

„… test data are presented. The undelaying work was funded by the German Bundesministerium für und …” „… the inner to the outer diameter, the air dissipates through holes and small gaps between the cable …” „… lying on the ground. However, the smallest fan speed in the test configuration at 0.52 W/m is able to …”

A. A. Klopfenstein, C. R. Dean, R. Venkatesh, S. A. Shearer New Tire Technologies vs. Tracks – A Controlled Field Investigation to Assess Productivity S. 335-342

„… consisted predominantly of silt loam soils with elevation differential of less than 1.0 m. ISObus data were …” „… logged to assess engine load, fuel use, track/wheel slip and ground speed. Performance data were …” „… productivity rates from 3.82 to 5.45 ha/h for a 35 cm tillage depth. These data were compared using Fisher …”

M. Mattetti, M. Varani, G. Molari, S. Fiorati Feasibility study of an idling-stop device on agricultural tractors S. 529-534

„… , to record the current flow towards the battery (? ). Data were sampled every 1700 Hz. The NI 9861 …” „… data were analyzed in the same manner reported in other studies of the Authors [4, 5, 6] to discern …” „… restarts counted in the recorded data. Results In Table 1, the average values of the metrics calculated …”

P. Riegler-Nurscher, J. Prankl, D. Schauer Stereo camera-based method for grassland yield estimation S. 301-308

„… grass/legumes ratio estimated from RGB images using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The data from the …” „… ratio are integrated into an overall yield model. To collect training data for the yield model, yield …” „… light and appear black, especially with small clover plants. This effect could be reduced to a limited …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… ); detailed bibliographic data is available via Internet at www.dnb.de. f Electrical Agricultural Machines …” „… control and small-scale robot: Monte Carlo-based scenario analysis for effective weed control in …” „… grassland yield from satellite data with ANN based transfer learning � � � � � � � 293 E. Eder, P …”

F. Keppler, N. Dunkelberg, S. Wagner, K. Janschek Efficient Multi-Robot Path Planning for Autonomous Weed Control on Complex Field Configurations S. 79-86

„… removal along crop rows of complexshaped fields using electric field robots is proposed. The input data of …” „… successfully validated with sample data and prospectively tested in practice within the Fraunhofer lighthouse …” „… Data Processing and Subfield Segmentation Recorded tracks of conventional sowing machinery can be used …”

P. Fellmeth Faster CAN for better interplay with highspeed ISOBUS S. 541-550

„… flexible data-rate) based SAE J1939 protocol, its usage and possible integration on agricultural machinery …” „… . Also the demand for such protocols will be shown against the backdrop of ever faster data …” „… announced the support of CAN FD for J1939 based applications. This comprises a much higher data rate as …”

M. Bruck Lost, but reconnected virtually – AEF ISOBUS Plugfest is back and better than ever S. 405-412

„… of their employers and customers. Started in 2001, Plugfest began with a small group of engineers …” „… , which are responsible for converting the incoming ISOBUS messages into internet-capable data packets. A …” „… cloud server serves as the server, which handles the routing and addresses the data to the appropriate …”

K. Palm, J. Guo, L. Frerichs, A. Eitzlmayr, F. Maier, P. Seil Calibration of soil models within the Discrete Element Method (DEM) S. 45-54

„… phenomena preferably similar to the desired application case The tests should yield sufficient data for …” „… the measurement data and simplifies the parameterisation of the soil models. A camera is installed to …” „… document the tests and to help interpreting the data. The setup was kept geometrically simple to make it …”

D. Neitemeier, S. Spiekermann, D. Irmer, J. Baumgarten, A. Wilken Automatic adjustment of auger headers with variable table length to improve a continuous crop flow and reduce pickup grain losses of a combine harvester S. 235-242

„… auger and can be grabbed continuously. If the cutterbar table space is too small, the material pushes …” „… measurement data transmission enabled analyzes. Software adjustments could be tested directly in the field …”

A. Opgenoorth, K. Schmitz Development of hydraulic drive systems in the context of electrified work machines S. 133-146

„… of speeds and torques. Another aspect is the possibility of using multiple, smaller electric motors …” „… necessity, as an electrification of agricultural machines is usually not focused by law. Smaller machines …” „… are already available for the consumer market, such as telescopic handlers, smaller wheel loaders and …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023952

Thorsten Lajewski - Friction Potential Estimation for Autonomous Driving

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Thorsten Lajewski

Friction Potential Estimation for Autonomous Driving

Reihe: Verkehrstechnik/Fahrzeugtechnik

Band 816 2022

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Grip Map S. 81-103

„… measurement data.A comparison between the RoadSTAR measurement results and the SKM resultsshows that the sharp …” „… reason could be due to the small number (74) of tested surfaces,which were by chance all in good …” „… drivingvelocities and smaller corner radii on smaller road types. Initial research to use theSKM method on smaller …”

Development of a Friction Potential Measurement Method S. 55-80

„… test. The inertia Iyy has been fitted to available data.Nevertheless, it was discovered that, without …” „… - Single Wheel Braking3.2.2 Measurement Data ProcessingDuring SWB tests, the moment balance in equation 3.1 …” „… the measurement data.633 Development of a Friction Potential Measurement MethodTable 3.1: Friction …”

Conclusions S. 136-138

„… and thus requires the inclusion of external data sources leading to the prefer-ence of a cause-based …” „… different measurementpoints and is smaller than the previously mentioned factors. A surprising result …” „… larger data basis using more measurementpoints should be achieved. Especially brake points with low …”

Intermediate Layer Classification S. 104-126

„… watercan be manifold. The small amount of samples in the data set leads to a very smallinfluence of …” „… the small number of samples of the classstanding water included in the data set. This is achieved by …” „… age of thedata are included in the input vector.5.1.3 Vehicle DataVehicles are fitted with sensors …”

Introduction S. 1-35

„… reference measurements withthe aim to detect the mean texture depth. The data-set consists of 44 different …” „… perceptron are applied to the data.The results of both methods are compared to several other methods found …” „… road surface/road condition cat-egories based on the data of [9]; box: lower quartile, median, upper …”

Remaining Risk of Overestimating the Friction Potential S. 127-135

„… compared.The available friction potential data found in [9] and chapter 3 is used to estimatethe frequency of …” „… exceeding the friction potential. In the last section, both the data ofthe naturalistic driving studies and …” „… acceleration, and thus friction potential utilisation.Data from two studies is compared: The 100-car …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186816122

Petrissa Zell - Learning-Based Inverse Dynamics for Human Motion Analysis

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Petrissa Zell

Learning-Based Inverse Dynamics for Human Motion Analysis

Reihe: Informatik/ Kommunikation

Band 877 2022

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Related work S. 15-22

„… are trained andevaluated on comparatively small datasets, since the data acquisition and the necessary …” „… . Based on the estimated GRF/M, inverse dynamics yields the corresponding jointmoments.A data-driven …” „… algorithm based on the kinematics of the current frame. In Chapters5 and 6 the results of this data-driven …”

Conclusions S. 123-126

„… small datasets has become a focus of this work due to the lack of appropriate largepublic datasets …” „… overfitting as a more powerful,higher-dimensional neural network. Furthermore, on small datasets (like the …” „… data(consisting of sequences from only a few subjects) by learning generalization ability from alarger, more …”

Supervised learning of inverse dynamics S. 76-94

„… the data which is a reasonable approachgiven the typically small dataset sizes. In the following …” „… Predictive Dynamics DatasetThe proposed methods are evaluated on the laboratory data using the test sets …” „… quantitatively evaluatedfor walking and running sequences and compared to data-driven inverse …”

Self-supervision by dynamics-based layers S. 95-122

„… performance on small datasets, the applicability to data thatsystematically deviates from the training data is …” „… Semi-Supervision with Small Labeled DatasetsOne benefit of the proposed Dynamics Networks, F-net and cFI-net, is to …” „… pre-processing of humandynamics data leads to a lack of suitably large datasets. This represents a limiting …”

Human motion dataset S. 62-75

„… running data, due to the smaller size of therunning set.75 …” „… sequence.4.5 data specificationThe recorded dataset encompasses 185 walking and 66 running sequences …” „… joint torques. For this purpose, the PDO results of the laboratory data(cf. Section 4.4) and a public …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… . Theneural network maintains stable performance even with small labeled datasets consistingof dynamics data …” „… motion of a skeletal model. The problem is solved using a data-driven machine learning approach …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127a.2 Data-Driven Inverse Dynamics Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127bibliography 130 …”

Fundamentals S. 23-61

„… RF is less suited to extract features from dataautomatically (especially for large data types like …” „… interested in the prediction error of the model on previously unseen datarather than the training data. This …” „… the case where the available dataset is too small (or even unlabeled) and a differentbut related …”

Introduction S. 1-14

„… small compared to human motion data sets and are rarely made public. Theproposed approach takes …” „… advantage of easily obtainable motion data which enablesweakly-supervised learning on small dynamics sets …” „… models and expensive sensors. In contrast to adynamical calculation or optimization, a data-driven model …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186877109

Manuel Dahmen - Model-Based Design of Pure and Multicomponent Cellulosic Biofuels for Advanced Engine Concepts

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Manuel Dahmen

Model-Based Design of Pure and Multicomponent Cellulosic Biofuels for Advanced Engine Concepts

Reihe: Verfahrenstechnik

Band 954 2017

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GC-based prediction of fuel auto-ignition quality S. 50-82

„… . (2004), which contains some data on oxygenates. However, only a small set of CN from this compendium had …” „… share of data with a known peroxide status is simply too small (∼ 23%) and/or model accuracy is …” „… high-quality training database holding ignition delay data from a single well-defined experimental set-up for …”

Blend formulation by simultaneous product and pathway design S. 130-174

„… all blend components must be smaller than ∼30. Selectivity data for all pathways have been collected …” „… pure-component databank (Aspen Technology, 2011) where such data were available, thus limiting the use of the …” „… molecule should be included in the set of palette compounds include pure-component properties, yield data …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… bibliographic data is available via Internet at http://dnb.ddb.de. Vorwort Die hier vorliegende Arbeit entstand …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 5.1.1 Descriptor calculation, data pretreatment and outlier removal . . . 85 5.1.2 Model …” „… Experimental ignition delay data 188 C GC model for the derived cetane number 196 C.1 Group decomposition and …”

QSPR-based prediction of physicochemical fuel properties S. 83-106

„… to represent novel fuel candidates, such small compounds have been excluded from the data sets. The …” „… ; Hukkerikar et al., 2012; Hukkerikar, 2013). The processes of extracting property data from the DIPPR database …” „… (DIPPR) 801 database (AIChE, 2012), i.e., a widely used collection of pure-component property data for a …”

Conclusions and outlook S. 175-178

„… down the range of potential fuel candidates to a much smaller number of most promising molecular motifs …” „… numbers with high volatilities (cf. Chapter 6). • High-quality ignition delay data from a single …” „… components might prove useful for generating further DCN training data, if no significant deviations from the …”

Model-based identification of biofuel candidates S. 107-129

„… narrow down the range of potential fuel candidates to a smaller number of distinct molecular motifs. Fuel …” „… prototyping, i.e., the synthesis of a sufficiently pure, small sample for experimental investigation …” „… , fuel candidates containing at least 10 wt-% of oxygen are favored. The DCN shall be smaller than 20 …”

Basic concepts of fuel design S. 10-39

„… ). Most training data sets are created by retrieving property data from databases of known physicochemical …” „… novel biofuel candidates, however, calls for a laboratory test method able to run on a small volume of …” „… already a collection of ignition delay data available in the literature. The IQT ignition delay is …”

Introduction S. 1-9

„… structures with known property data. Fortunately, such databases exist for many pure-component thermophysical …” „… thesis diverse training data set with known properties compound of interest ideally: check degree of …” „… descriptors) model structure & parameters property estimate data pretreatment Figure 1.4: Computational …”

Appendices S. 179-226

„… (no rings smaller than k+3) d. have a maximum of l carbons/oxygens inbetween (no rings larger then l+3 …” „… carbons/oxygens inbetween (no rings smaller than k+3) d. have a maximum of l carbons/oxygens inbetween (no rings …” „… is part of a COOH group d. C1 and C2 have at least k carbons/oxygens inbetween (no rings smaller than …”

Bibliography S. 227-276

„… of Chemical & Engineering Data, 61(8):2738–2748. Constantinou, L., Bagherpour, K., Gani, R., Klein, J …” „… Data Bank Software & Separation Technology GmbH (2017). The UNIFAC Consortium. http://www.unifac.org …” „… , experimentally validated surrogate fuel. Combustion and Flame, 159(10):3014–3020. Dortmund Data Bank Software …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186954039

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