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VDI Wissensforum GmbH - 28. Deutscher Flammentag

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (Hrsg.)

28. Deutscher Flammentag

Reihe: VDI-Berichte

Band 2302 2017

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023020

Tobias Vogel - Thermische Kraftwerkskonzepte zur kombinierten Nutzung von Erdgas und Solarwärme

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Tobias Vogel

Thermische Kraftwerkskonzepte zur kombinierten Nutzung von Erdgas und Solarwärme

Reihe: Energietechnik

Band 616 2016

doi.org/10.51202/9783186616067

pro:21 GmbH, Bonn, Projektträger Energie, Forschungszentrum Jülich - Case Studies and Guidelines for Energy Efficient Communities.

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pro:21 GmbH, Bonn (Hrsg.), Projektträger Energie, Forschungszentrum Jülich (Hrsg.)

Case Studies and Guidelines for Energy Efficient Communities.

2013

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Attachments S. 243-302

„… $ Heating load equal to or less than 10 W/m² $ Air leakage rate equal to or less than 0.60 h-1 $ Total …” „… including distribution losses vD. The different terms of the formula above have the following meanings: 265 …” „… kWhth/kWhth net losses caused by buffer storage and heat distribution within the building 0.15 qth kWhth/m2 …”

4 Community Energyand Emissions Inventoryand Modelling Tools to Support Local Energy Planning (LEP) S. 106-129

„… which are then translated into a system or secondary equipment load that incorporates distribution and …” „… distribution, end use, greenhouse gas emissions and energy from renewable resources. Two balances are developed …” „… , technologies for energy conversion, distribution (both electricity and district heating) and end use. Fuels are …”

3 LocalE nergy Planning Methods: From Demandto Future-proof Solutions S. 51-105

„… , conversion and transportation of fuels or the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity. For …” „… data source. This registry lists installed furnaces, fuel type, year of installation, and design load …” „… o ownership o location $ CHP plants (subdivided by thermal base load and peak load facilities) o …”

6 Energy Efficient Neighbourhood Case Studies S. 153-188

„… distribution systems, heat pumps, PV systems, and so on. In figure 6-12 cost examples for some of the projects …” „… 6-13: Example of cost distribution in new-construction projects (cost level 2010) 78 A new EBC Annex …” „… zero carbon and zero waste in general. For residential buildings an annual heating load of 18 kWh/m2 …”

5 The District Energy Concept Adviser (D-ECA): Software from IEA EBC Annex 51 to Support District Energy System Planning S. 130-152

„… upgraded local district heating system consisting of a cogeneration unit and a peak load boiler. Waste heat …” „… heating unit (DHU). The DHU consists of a cogeneration unit with a peak load boiler, both using gas as …” „… centralized solar thermal collector field of the correct size has been added. Distribution losses of the local …”

2 Local Energy & Climate Change Policy S. 24-50

„… action plan describing how generation, distribution and use of energy are managed today and in the future …” „… transportation and distribution of electricity and natural gas by public or private utilities. In Ontario, the …” „… electricity produced in the first 22,000 peak-load hours from the wind turbine; this is equivalent to about 10 …”

7 Energy Efficient City Case Studies S. 189-223

„… a DistributionSystem Operator (DSO) which may be found within a municipal or regional (energy …” „… municipalities, the big energy companies and the network or transmission and distribution management. Another …” „… an additional layer of difficulty since it adds extra work to the normal work load. If there is no …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783816791232

H. W. Reinhardt, G. J. Parra-Montesinos, H. Garrecht - HPFRCC-7.

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H. W. Reinhardt (Hrsg.), G. J. Parra-Montesinos (Hrsg.), H. Garrecht (Hrsg.)

HPFRCC-7.

2015

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

T. Sajdlová, P. Kabele Finite element analysis of test configurations for identification of interface parameters in layered FRCC systems S. 425-432

„… interface stress distribution can be simply related to the applied load and that stable propagation of the …” „… the peak load, the tractions exhibit very non-uniform distributions with concentrations near the …” „… durability and/or load capacity, e.g. [1]. Another example are functionally graded elements, where different …”

I. Paegle, G. Fischer Modeling the load-deformation response of FRC structural members S. 481-488

„… ) Assumed crack distribution of ECC round panel, and (d) Post-peak load cracking of ECC round panel To …” „… 481 MODELING THE LOAD-DEFORMATION RESPONSE OF FRC STRUCTURAL MEMBERS I. Paegle and G. Fischer …” „… representative flexural segment (RFS) to the load-deformation response of FRC structural members governed by …”

P. Wang, X. Yao, F.H. Wittmann, P. Zhang, T. Zhao Influence of imposed compressive stress and subsequent self-healing on capillary absorption and chloride penetration into UHPFRCC S. 243-250

„… . Porosity and pore size distribution, however, are influenced by an applied mechanical load. Under the …” „… load bearing. For this reason the influence of an applied load on capillary absorption and on chloride …” „… applied compressive load on capillary absorption and on chloride penetration was studied experimentally …”

R. Ortlepp Increased efficiency of column strengthening with TRC by addition of short fibres in the fine-grained concrete matrix S. 29-36

„… reinforcement and the additional concrete cover. Under the multi-axial load distribution, lateral tensile …” „… distribution and thus a more efficient load-bearing capacity through the addition of short fibres. SF …” „… , Dresden, Germany Abstract Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC) can be used to improve the load …”

W. Nguyen, G.G. Jen, W. Trono, D.M. Moreno, S.L. Billington, C.P. Ostertag Tension stiffening effect of reinforced high-performance fiber-reinforced cementitious composites S. 417-424

„… pronounced and is present at larger member deformations. Because fibers can bridge cracks and allow load …” „… crack suppression and composite cracking loads on the overall ductility of the composite. HyFRC and …” „… 0.6 mm/min. 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1 Measured response The load versus average axial strain of …”

S.A. Paschalis, A.P. Lampropoulos Size effect on the flexural performance of ultra high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) S. 177-184

„… distribution of the steel fibres in the mix. The tensile stress-strain characteristics are of main importance …” „… fracture model of UHPFRC tensile softening model proposed. The orientation and distribution of the fibers …” „… ) 25 mm, b) 50 mm, c) 75 mm, and d) 100 mm thickness beams The load-deflection results for all the …”

R. Ortlepp Rough concrete surfaces for strengthening and retrofitting – 3D Model of roughening process for description of concrete surface geometry S. 145-152

„… applying a new concrete layer to existing concrete elements. In order to ensure an homogenous load bearing …” „… behaviour, it is necessary that load transfer be assured across the rough concrete joint or interface. This …” „… the aggregates. A simulation of the roughening process shows how different grain-size distribution …”

M.C. Rampini, G. Zani, M. Colombo, M. di Prisco HPFRCC beams in innovative elevated slabs: experimental characterization and modeling S. 489-496

„… Steel fibers 100 kg/m3 Table 2: HPFRCC - uniaxial compression test results Specimen Load [kN] fc …” „… integrating the stress distributions over the beam section. It is worth noticing that the ultimate bending …” „… steel reinforcement, as it can be noted from the stresses and strains distributions at the response …”

F.H. Wittmann, X. Yao, P. Wang, P. Zhang, T. Zhao Influence of an imposed tensile stress and subsequent self-healing on capillary absorption and chloride penetration into HPFRCC S. 251-258

„… dynamic load in tension or in compression. By now it has been shown that durability of normal concrete …” „… depends strongly on an applied load [2-4]. Is this also true for HPFRCC? In this contribution results of …” „… pore size distribution, which may be characterized by an effective radius reff, gets in contact with a …”

P. Aghdasi, G. Palacios, A.E. Heid, S.-H. Chao Mechanical properties of a highly flowable ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete mixture considering large-size effects S. 193-200

„… the cracking distribution and tensile ductility of FRC due to the tension-stiffening effect [8 …” „… by the rebar. To obtain the pure tensile stress-strain curve of UHP-FRC, the load carried by the …” „… from the total load. For this purpose, a bare No. 3 rebar from the same piece with the same length as …”

S. Müller, V. Mechtcherine, M. Zydek Behaviour of strain-hardening cement-based composites (SHCC) subject to cyclic loading S. 333-340

„… used. Such small grain sizes were necessary to achieve a uniform distribution of fibres. The mixture …” „… distribution of fibres. High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites (HPFRCC7), Stuttgart, Germany …” „… rate corresponds to low-speed dynamic regime characteristic for traffic loads. Note that in comparison …”

J. Li, E.-H. Yang Probabilistic micromechanical model of engineered cementitious composites (ECC) S. 111-118

„… guideline, the current theory implicitly assumes: 1) uniform fiber distribution, 2) uniform identical …” „… such fluctuation of the fiber distribution, the fiber/matrix bond is affected as well, since fiber …” „… pre-existing flaw size and fiber distribution, large margins between the complementary energy Jb ’ and the …”

D.-Y. Yoo, N. Banthia, Y.-S. Yoon Ultra high performance fiber reinforced concrete under impact loading S. 217-224

„… to ASTM C 1609 after impact damage. Higher load carrying capacities under flexure were obtained with …” „… quasi-static and impact loads were investigated. To evaluate the effects High Performance Fiber Reinforced …” „… m/s). Since the impact load measured at drop weight tup includes inertial load, two support load …”

J.L. Vitek, M. Kalný, R. Coufal Cable stayed footbridge made of UHPC S. 449-456

„… ) was applied in a load carrying structure. The UHPC was developed from local materials. The …” „… without carrying any vertical load. The bridge deck is supported by stays in the distance of 11.3 m. This …” „… 36 mm in dependence on the required load carrying capacity. At the top end, the stays were connected …”

Subject index S. 507-510

„… 37, 54, 95, 228, 476 Liquefaction 194 Load-deflection curves 56, 182, 220, 229 Load …” „… 82 Particle hydrodynamics 138 Particle packing model 46, 89 Particle size distribution 89 …” „… Stiffness 275 Strain capacity 173 Strain distribution 421 Strain gauge 199, 295, 372, 394, 404, 419 …”

P.B. Sakthivel, A. Ravichandran, N. Alagumurthi Experimental studies to determine the flexural and cracking performance of hybrid steel-mesh and polyolefin-fiber reinforced cementitious composites S. 343-350

„… cracking strength and ultimate flexural load carrying capacity upto an optimum point. HSMPOFRCC have …” „… loads without sudden failure, and such ductile characteristics will be a good design criteria for safe …” „… better crack distribution (multiple cracks with smaller crack spacing). Sakthivel et al. (2014) [6] have …”

S.G. Chasioti, F.J. Vecchio Hybrid steel fiber reinforced concrete panels in shear: experimental investigation S. 351-358

„… may even change the main load-carrying structural system. Therefore, it was a key objective that work …” „… load level before incrementing by 0.25MPa to the next pair of cycles. Each one of the four panels was …” „… distribution according to the CSA A23.1-09/A23.2-09 was used. The total steel fiber volumetric ratio was kept …”

J.Á. López, P. Serna, J. Navarro-Gregori, H. Coll Comparison between inverse analysis procedure results and experimental measurements obtained from UHPFRC four-point bending tests S. 185-192

„… curvature transformation in [2] is used. This transformation assumes a linear elastic distribution of the …” „… curvature up to 70% of the maximum load, approximately, and a logarithm hypothesis from this point on, even …” „… load, is the elastic modulus, and , are the specimen width and height, respectively. This expression …”

S.K. Swar, S.K. Sharma, H.K. Sharma Performance characteristics of HPDSP concrete: an overview S. 79-86

„… structural applications of HPDSPC, because of extremely high strength, will reduce dead load significantly …” „… stiffness and strength to sustain load transmitted from beams and columns. Formation of plastic hinge must …” „… joints such that higher load level moments and curvatures were attained and larger displacements and …”

G.G. Jen, W.L. Nguyen, C.P. Ostertag Influence of HPFRCC on corrosion initiation and corrosion propagation S. 497-504

„… were pre-damaged with a moderate cyclic bending load prior to chloride ponding. Cyclic loading was …” „… implemented by four-point bending tests using a target load of 31.5 kN for a total of 5 loading-unloading …” „… this value may underestimate the maximum local corrosion rate when inhomogeneous distribution of …”

P. Zhang, F.H. Wittmann, P. Wang, T. Zhao Water penetration into HPFRCC under imposed strain S. 169-176

„… brittle material and under usual conditions in practice cracks are formed by applied load or by shrinkage …” „… realistic water distributions in specimens at different contact times, the obtained images have to be …” „… . The moisture distribution in the samples after 0.5 % and 1.5 % of tensile stain has been determined …”

P. Hadl, H. Kim, N.-V. Tue A compound for the production of high and ultra-high performance concrete S. 21-28

„… stresses, such as wear or impact load. Therefore, light concrete structures with low life cycle costs are …” „… selected in consultation with an industrial partner company. The particle size distributions of the used …” „… distributions of raw materials (left) and reference grading curves including curves of mixture M1A and M1B …”

R. Ortlepp, G. Schiller Mineral building material stock of buildings and infrastructures in Germany and flows as indicators for recycling potentials S. 267-274

„… infrastructures. This approach has been termed “urban mining”. Knowledge of the amounts and distribution of …” „… Bottom-up approach Bottom-up analyses were carried out to determine the distribution of materials in main …” „… distribution or generation is much lower at only 928 m tonnes. Of this figure, mineral-based raw materials …”

H. Ma, S. Qian, V.C Li Development of engineered cementitious composites with local material ingredients S. 259-266

„… ash(FA) (Chinese standards [ 10 ][ 11 ]) and fine silica sand with size distribution from 106 to 212 μm …” „… behaviour under direct tensile load. The tensile ductility increases with the increase of fly ash to cement …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783816793977

John Grunewald, Technische Universität Dresden - CESBP Central European Symposium on Building Physics / BauSIM 2016.

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John Grunewald (Hrsg.), Technische Universität Dresden (Hrsg.)

CESBP Central European Symposium on Building Physics / BauSIM 2016.

2016

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

C-05-2 S. 285-292

„… index. Secondly, though WDR load in 1983 (515 mma-1) is close to the other two years, its distribution …” „… climatic index, a combination of wind-driven rain load and potential evaporation, is developed to …” „… load. The drying index (DI) represents the annual evaporation potential. It is defined as sum of the …”

E-06-2 S. 661-668

„… handle latent cooling loads. To estimate the potential of the distribution network and of liquid …” „… ADIABATIC ABSORBER MODEL FOR THE LIQUID DESICCANT DISTRIBUTION NETWORK AT THE TECHNOLOGY PARK …” „… , Berlin, Germany ABSTRACT A liquid desiccant distribution network is planned to be installed …”

C-08-2 S. 353-360

„… discomfort to the residents particularly in summer and increase the cooling load. Therefore, recently …” „… dynamics (CFD) analysis method has been used to understand the air flow distribution in various types of …” „… results Pattern 1 Figure 4 shows the airflow distribution for Pattern 1. As shown in Fig. 4, airflow …”

A-02-3 S. 3-10

„… , HVAC equipment and distribution networks to enable integrated analyses of energy systems on the …” „… , HVAC equipment and distribution networks to enable integrated analyses of energy systems on the …” „… distribution and transmission of heat like pumps, pipes, valves and radiators. For ventilation and air …”

C-02-2 S. 213-220

„… Mechanical agents Gravity Snow loads, rainwater loads Forces and imposed or restrained deformations …” „… hygrothermal loads. (Hannawi and Prince-Agbodjan, 2015) cycle present a similar maximum exterior surface …” „… reached temperatures in the hygrothermal simulation, with Lisbon climate, were used as temperature load …”

C-04-2 S. 259-266

„… biggest need is to increase to determine the energy distribution of various sources. As often said “what …” „… is not measured can not be managed” . The recent problem is to evaluate the distribution of …” „… building stock. The distribution of costs in buildings depends on many factors – e.g. in hotels and spas …”

C-07-3 S. 337-344

„… by mainly one centralized heat generator (HG), a distribution grid and decentralized heat consumers …” „… full load. See Figure 3 for a graphical explanation. This controller type is characterized by a …” „… is caused by two effects: the overlaying effect and the full load control of the HGs. Therefore the …”

E-01-1 S. 535-542

„… distribution grids and integral control strategies of heat conversion systems. We tackle the challenge of …” „… materials, zoning standards, area and distribution of wall surfaces and internal gains to define a …” „… combine this standard with occupancy and load profiles defined in the Swiss Bulletin SIA 2024 (Swiss …”

E-04-2 S. 613-620

„… distribution resemblance were selected. First Scenario The base case scenario underestimated the wind speed …” „… field analysis 616 RESULTS Measurement Results Cumulative distributions of measured wind speed values …” „… Distributions of measured wind speed values for UCL and PL locations Evaluation of the wind speed results …”

E-04-1 S. 605-612

„… very detailed analysis and results (e.g. local air temperature distribution and air velocity fields …” „… cooling load tremendously. Nevertheless, this results in unrealistic temperature stratification as also …” „… deactivated for maintenance for about a week. The maintenance week and the base load of the cooling season …”

C-01-1 S. 183-190

„… by distribution and storage. The higher the PER-factor, the higher the required resources and …” „… different electricity demand load profiles. PER-weighting factors were determined for locations worldwide …” „… conditions and for different regionally expected load profiles. Examples of such profiles for different …”

C-07-2 S. 329-336

„… from the study. Figure 2: Distribution of buildings by usage and age Data processing In order …” „… components are assumed to be multivariate Gaussian distributions. Determining the most suitable number of …” „… , although associated with some additional computational load, result in more realistic overall demand …”

B-06-3 S. 149-156

„… well as short and longwave radiation loads. Furthermore exposures like mountains or near waters …” „… like microbial growth or driving rain load. However, often such local climate data are hardly …” „… station is analyzed and split into the mentioned categories. Figure 2 shows the area distribution for …”

E-07-2 S. 683-690

„… 22.7 Window 22.9 - Door 22.9 - Supply 18.9 99 Extract - 99 In order to add the internal loads …” „… did not change significantly (Figure 9). Figure 10 illustrates the cumulative distribution of the …” „… ). Figure 12 shows the cumulative distribution of the temperature relative errors. In this case, 70% of the …”

C-07-1 S. 323-328

„… approaches such as De Carli et al. (2014) determining loads and sources of LTDHN in TRNSYS in combination …” „… irradiation. The domestic hot water (DHW) demand profile is calculated from the reference load profiles …” „… increase of the average storage temperature and is, to a small extent, lost during distribution due to …”

D-02-1 S. 383-390

„… architectural design, energy analysis, HVAC design, quantity take off and cost estimation, thermal load …” „… Systems – heating, lighting, ventilation and air conditioning system. Internal Loads – Schedules for …” „… export functionality. The first step in the process of MVD production is to load a baseline file that …”

P-03-1 S. 787-794

„… demand distribution can be dissolved with the dependent interior temperatures (blue squares …” „… duration profile is calculated using a standardized load profile (SLP) scaled to the yearly consumption …” „… dependency is not included in the thermal building model. Figure 10 shows the distribution of the specific …”

C-02-3 S. 221-226

„… allows for equal pressure distribution at the envelope and thus provides consistency for enhanced …” „… factors that enable this to happen are service distribution and stair allocation, which can be …” „… can significantly decrease the overall system load while increasing comfort and security in …”

P-03-2 S. 795-802

„… calculated. One technical reason may be unavoidable heat losses of the heat distribution system, which …” „… well as the impact of heat distribution losses on every single room and the whole building. The paper …” „… shows simulation results of standard heat distribution circuits with four pipes and modern concepts …”

D-06-2 S. 481-488

„… a stateof-the art tool to estimate temperature distribution and energy consumption of buildings. As …” „… thermal heat balance, heat sources from inside and outside (metabolic heat production, solar load …” „… load onto body parts and air speed at the body parts are not yet taken into account. In the future …”

B-06-1 S. 133-140

„… , 2004). To simplify the simulation leap years are removed. METHODOLOGY The cumulative distribution …” „… load during winter than the climate model according to EN 15026. The masonry wall and the green roof …” „… three, the distribution of the driving rain is highly varying between the North and the Baltic Sea …”

E-01-2 S. 543-550

„… energy performance certificate calculation methods, as frequency distribution of the calculated heating …” „… and Mahdavi (2004) have shown, this relative compactness can be used as indicator for heating loads …” „… : Fitness distribution of results when using relative compactness as fitness function. Figure 10 …”

D-06-3 S. 489-496

„… pertaining to occupancy, plug loads, use of lights, and operation of heating system into the calibrated …” „… distribution of free-floating temperatures obtained from stochastic models Ao, Bo, and Co, non-stochastic …” „… models D and F, as well as benchmark and pseudo-models G and H. Figure 3: Cumulative distribution of …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… load profiles ................................................. 377 D-02: Interoperability, Building …” „… .................................................................................................................................. 653 E-06-2 Adiabatic absorber model for the liquid desiccant distribution network at the technology …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783816797982

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