„… drive, facilitates intelligent electromechanical torque distribution over both the front and rear axle …” „… Electric Axle Drives Scalable propulsion system for electrified powertrains Dipl.-Ing. Thomas …” „… . Abstract In electrification of the powertrain, electric axles play a decisive role. They are appropriate …”

„… power density. High operating speeds of axle drives give rise to new design challenges with respect to …” „… suburban use. The front-wheel drive reference vehicle should reach a maximum speed of 160 kmh. The …” „… distributing the required axle torque to both sub-transmissions. The operating strategies can be applied to …”

„… independent suspension on the front axle. Fig. 7: Comparison of the installation spaces on a bus front axle …” „… The installation space that can be gained is already apparent on the front axle. The spring element …” „… installation space becomes even clearer on the rear axle, as Fig. 8 illustrates. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2417, 2023 …”

„… truck's powertrain features a high-voltage electrical system (HV sys-tem) with an electric drive axle …” „… drive axle, HV batteries and numerous HV auxiliary units. This powertrain topology, known from the …” „… ) powering, via the gearbox (Gb) and the axle trans-mission (At), the rear axis. The high-temperature cooling …”

„… of each unit ( = 1, 2,3i ). 1a is length of front axle to tractor mass center, 2a and 3a are the …” „… rear axle. 2b and 3b are the distance between mass center to rear axle of each trailer. yiF is the …” „… lateral tire force of each axle ( = 1, 2,3, 4i ). yhiF is the lateral force acting on each hitch point …”

„… the area in front of a vehicle. In previous research projects, a reliable and functional cause-based …” „… (Mercedes-Benz Actros 1851 LS 4X2 paired with a three axle semi-trailer) to determine the possible friction …” „… system of the truck tried hard to prevent wheel locking, primarily due to low axle loads and high wheel …”

„… replicate the four-wheeled mobile robot. The front and rear two wheels at front and rear axle are merged …” „… into a single wheel at front and rear axle. Let’s assume that the robot navigates in the configuration …” „… space C. Its configuration is given by: C x, y, θ, δ (1) The robot is both the front and rear …”

„… succession, centred under the combine harvester, between the front and rear axle. The total sampling area is …”

„… . Those problems mostly refer to existing machinery dimensions and weights. Axle loads are an overall …” „… under real life conditions will be taken by a real test-unit for the tractor front hitch. References …”

„… working process are located at the bottom of the carrier between the front axle and the roller in the …”

„… : Increased carcass stiffness and tread stiffness front axle Var E: Mix fitment – Fr: baseline / Rr: wider …” „… and larger size Var F: Reduced grip front axle Var G: Increased tread stiffness rear axle …” „… observed. The tire configuration Var F (reduced grip front axle) shows clear lower level of maximum …”

„… 35.000 km/mm) could be found. Considering that only the front driven axle was evaluated, the performance …” „… at two locations in the United Kingdom (UK). All fleets used front driven vehicles from different …” „… car manufactures. Overall, the vehicle differences in terms of engine power, axle alignments, vehicle …”

„… axle cornering stiffness and lateral friction coefficient on front- and rear axle of the vehicle …” „… account as well. The axle sideforce characteristic is used to study the influence of properties such as …” „… Nr. 2356, 2019 191 axlesideforce characteristic model is identified, taking these effects into …”

„… Hz, namely lateral and longitudinal acceleration, yaw-rate, the front and rear steering angle, the …” „… be estimated using the following equations: where, and are the front and rear tire slip …” „… angles, is the vehicle sideslip angle, is road wheel angle, and are the distance of the front and …”

„… the following vehicle follows the course of the rear of the lead vehicleFront axle of the following …” „… vehicle follows the course of the front axle of the leading vehicle4 4SimulationInstitute for Information …” „… 11.10.2022 Nicole Kechler, Eric Sax 7Example: Evaluation of the curve behavior by means of simulationFront of …”