„… . Reduced sealing force allows for lower return spring preload as well as reduced stator and armature size …” „… stem diameter. This means the opening force of the valves are independent of pressure. Pressure …” „… balanced valves require less force to seal the valve seat compared to HPDI 1.0 leakless imbalanced valves …”

„… need to increase the electromagnetic force to overcome the increased fuel pressure and secure suction …” „… force for opening the needle, which increases electrical power consumption. However, the small …” „… increased magnetic force inevitably increases the remaining magnetism, which limits the minimum injection …”

„… from perturbations of the reversing gear lash. The split gear spring rate and preload are optimized to …” „… lower ring force contributes to a low friction interface. The top ring is steel with PVD which also …” „… with real time chain force and deflection verification on a firing engine to minimize noise and …”

„… . VDI-Berichte Nr. 2391, 2021 77 Abstract Common industrial procedures for the preload measurement of …” „… employed in a force washer) or acousto ultrasonics (observing the time of flight-TOF- or wave propagation …” „… structure and the measurement systems. Present studies have shown that changing pretensional forces in the …”

„… favorable working condition a further reduction of the piston rings tangential forces was possible …” „… coating), valvetrain (reduction of spring preload, optimization of camshaft lubrication and cam lobe …” „… profile), wet belt tensioner (reduction of spring preload), balancer-shaft (reduction of masses), water …”

„… pre-load is applied, in order to ”clamp” two teeth between the two anvils. Then the pin is removed, and …” „… applied and measured forces and the tooth root stress have been calculated following the approach proposed …” „… value corresponding to a force of 1kN is equal to 10.44 MPa. The failure fatigue limit (50%) becomes …”

„… Evaluation of Redundant Parallel Manipulators Assimilating Motion/Force Transmissibility. In: Int. Journal of …” „… Advanced Robotic Systems, 8, pp. 113-124 (2011) [10] Müller, A.: Internal Preload Control or Redundantly …”