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VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Dritev – Drivetrain For Vehicles 2019

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (Hrsg.)

Dritev – Drivetrain For Vehicles 2019

Reihe: VDI-Berichte

Band 2354 2019

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S. Foulard, S. Rinderknecht, F. Braun, P. Jardin ecoLIFE3: An approach for a resource-efficient dimensioning of vehicle components based on a holistic optimization with real life load data –paradigm shift in transmission engineering based on big dat...

„… assessing the real-time damage levels. The speed and load dependent variables are factored in the conversion …” „… , S.; Fietzek, R.; Foulard, S.: Online and Real-Time Condition Prediction for Transmissions based on …” „… Holistic Optimization with Real Life Load Data Paradigm Shift in Transmission Engineering Based on Big …”

M. Stulrajter, M. Pacha Challenges of sensorless high-speed drives with PM motors

„… control process is a real time interrupt driven procedure. The ADC end of conversion interrupt starts …” „… requires also higher sampling rate hence more frequent FOC calling. However, the FOC execution time versus …” „… available calculation time-window given by sampling frequency defines the limits for MCU controller. The …”

A. Lampe, R. Serway, L. Große Siestrup, C. Gühmann Artificial intelligence in transmission control – Clutch engagement with reinforcement learning

„… and linear MPC, nonlinear MPC can also be applied since there is no real-time requirement in offline …” „… process, since the agent has to explore the environment in real time. Many researchers therefore focus on …” „… , https://openai.com/five/, 2019 [12] DeepMind, AlphaStar: Mastering the Real-Time Strategy Game StarCraft II …”

M. Bahne, A. Wiesebrock Flexible oil management for dual-clutch transmissions

„… ) for real-time data transfer in communication processes between customer, garage and OEM …” „… are available that practically rely on real-time communication. BMW has been offering tele services …” „… is based on real driver’s behavior and enables smaller oil fill volumes as well as extended oil …”

A. Esser, J.-E. Schleiffer, T. Eichenlaub, S. Rinderknecht Development of an optimization framework for the comparative evaluation of the ecoimpact of powertrain concepts

„… eine Optimierungsumgebung für die vergleichende Bewertung des „Real Ecological Impact“ (REI …” „… Basis von realen Flottenfahrdaten innerhalb der Optimierungsumgebung. Abstract The state of the art …” „… for the comparative assessment of the "Real Ecological Impact" (REI) of various powertrain concepts …”

M. Niklas, G. Reichart AUTOSAR Adaptive Platform – The standardized software framework for safe and intelligent e-mobility

„… , security or real-time. Nevertheless, the well-known characteristics of deeply embedded system will remain …” „… functionalities. Such applications are characterized by high demands on safety, real-time and determinism while …” „… applications is now available. 1. Introduction Automotive vehicles continue to turn into real cyber physical …”

M. Scherpelz, J. Bernhardt, T. Weyh Simulation of load cycles for commercial vehicle drivelines based on statistical reasoning

„… and an altitude profile, both either from real or virtual measurements. The virtual vehicle moves …” „… for the corresponding time step) depend on the total driving resistance, consisting of air, rolling …” „… , climbing and acceleration resistance (see Fig. 1). These need to be calculated in each time step. Using a …”

W. Wenzel, M. Eglinger, M. Li, C. Sieg, J. Hengst, F. Küçükay Next generation of 48V HEV

„… closer to a real-world application. For example, the minimum operating time for the ICE is 4 s in this …” „… time in hybrid operation from 0 km/h to 100 km/h is examined to compare the performance. To estimate …” „… of approx. 95.8 km. The maximum speed is about 143 km/h. Fig. 4: Sporty real driving emissions …”

K. Baron, C. Rübsam, M. Werra, F. Küçükay Hybridized manual transmission – Opportunities and challenges of mild hybridization

„… (Real Driving Emissions) cycles and also customer related cycles (3D method - Driver, Driven vehicle …” „… cycle. 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 70000 30 60 90 120 150 Time t [s] Ve loc ity v [ km /h] I 0 …” „… 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 70000 30 60 90 120 150 Time t [s] Ve loc ity v [ km /h] II 0 1000 2000 …”

R. Gat, M. Ehlen Virtual lubrication analysis – Simulation of oil flow in gearboxes using a novel lagrangian approach

„… while saving time and money. A new and innovative method is introduced to simulate various fluid …” „… handle real geometries and movements without simplifications (e.g. gears interlocking). AVL Thermal and …”

T. Basbous, J. Mortal Electric driveline adaptation from passenger-car application to Light & Medium Truck application – A competitive, efficient, compact and light solution

„… engines real emissions and generated pressure to ban diesel vehicles. Megacities like London, Paris and …” „… fast drop of batteries to around 100 € per kWh by 2025 which will bring the payback time down to less …” „… those who will offer the most accessible electric trucks in order to shorten the payback time to their …”

A. Grunwald Transmission system footprint related to fatigue, efficiency and NVH

„… real applications in shortest possible time. GKN Driveline introduction GKN Driveline is one of the …” „… development time. GKN team is compiling an internal database with features relevant for fatigue, efficiency …” „… costs in shortest possible time. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2354, 2019 369 Fig. 1: More than 15 GKN …”

A. Viehmann, J.-E. Schleiffer, S. Rinderknecht Evaluation of the dedicated range-extender transmission powertrain concept DE-REX regarding efficiency, costs and complexity – Comparative assessment of electric and hybrid powertrain configurations b...

„… ) under real driving conditions. 2. Efficiency potentials of transmissions in pure electric powertrains …” „… 1000 1200 -100 -50 0 50 100 E M t or qu e in N m time in s T EM1 T EM2 VDI-Berichte Nr. 2354 …” „… 1200 -100 -50 0 50 100 E M t or qu e in N m time in s T EM1 T EM2 VDI-Berichte Nr. 2354, 201936 …”

K. von Rueden, C. Danzer, J. Liebold, T. Mueller, T. Hirschbeck 1, 2 or 3 – how much it would be? Evaluating the need of multispeed electric drives coming from different perspectives

„… different perspectives Dr. Klaus von Rueden, Dr. Christoph Danzer, Jens Liebold, Tim Mueller, Tobias …” „… during driving, has already been described several times in the literature (cf. [Alt15], [Gas17], [IAV11 …” „… of comfort, excessive heat input in the shift element and high shifting times in comparison to the 3 …”

P. Fietkau, N. Lamparsky, M. Felbermaier, A. Fröhlcke, T. Conze Holistic design approach for electric drives

„… while simultaneously reducing development times and test vehicles per derivative. On the other hand …” „… design and simulation scopes and increasing use of virtual tests instead of real ones. Modern electric …” „… certain maturity criteria at set points in time. All input and output data are stored centrally in a …”

A. Kooy, R. Seebacher Minimize torsional vibrations – Full isolation if necessary

„… internal combustion engines will continue to play an important role for a long time to come [1 …” „… the development process and reduce the number of tests with real prototypes. This requires high …” „… clutch disc. Meanwhile, some automatic transmission converters also use two DMF’s at the same time. 4 …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023549

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - International Conference on Gears 2017

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (Hrsg.)

International Conference on Gears 2017

Reihe: VDI-Berichte

Band 2294 2017

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M. Hein, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Test method for time-scaled fatigue tests of gear transmission systems S. 1073-1084

„… Test method for time-scaled fatigue tests of gear transmission systems Dipl.-Ing. Michael Hein …” „… of Munich, Garching 1. Abstract Under real operating conditions, gear transmissions usually …” „… cover long periods of time. Tests with the load spectrum in its whole extension are both time and money …”

B. Winter Production cells in transition S. 1247-1250

„… about the status of the production orders should be given in real time so that intervention can be …” „… taken at once if necessary. Real-Time- Visualization-Systems are already available for some time and …” „… - long lead times - big delays if individual operations were not available - costly quality control …”

J. Yu, L. Yao, C. Ren, X. Yan, L. Lin Design and experimental validation on a novel tow speed transmission for electric bus S. 97-108

„… the drive system with proposed two-speed transmission, a bench test and a real driving cycle on …” „… life time of the gear. The dry-fiction VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 201798 clutch is transplanted directly …” „… objective function from the 0~50 km/h acceleration time, the maximum velocity and the peak slope. Here, the …”

S. Grützner Holistic simulation of gearboxes – system simulation S. 51-60

„… resulting in a close to real digital twin of the wind turbine showing real time performance. These virtual …” „… ) of the time-domain results, displayed as Campbell diagrams, show big differences between the …” „… maximum values are up to 4 times higher than the mean load. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 2017 55 Fig. 5 …”

N. Sagraloff, M. Hein, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Practical use of micropitting test results according to FVA 54/7 for calculation of micropitting load capacity acc. to ISO/TR 15144-1 S. 143-152

„… operating conditions and running time were developed by Schrade [17] and Lohmann [12]. The simulation …” „… ] regarding the operating conditions in real application and using the VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 2017144 …” „… - Pinion - Oil inlet temperature ϑOil 90 2 °C Running time during running-in - 1 hours Running time …”

B. Černe, D. Zorko, J. Duhovnik Semi-analytical method for the prediction of the flank temperatures of polymer gears during running S. 1611-1624

„… split between approximately 350 time-steps. The mechanical response was observed on each gear’s the …” „… at the contact interfaces of interest (middle gear teeth contact flanks) for each single time …” „… deformation vector. The distance change between the peak stress nodes at two adjacent time steps must be …”

O. Berka, M. Dub, F. Lopot Experimental measurement of gears impact in transmission S. 1119-1126

„… meshing affects besides other things intended and real lifeness of gearing and its noise and vibration. In …” „… and development of the gears meshing in time, it just displays the summarized result. This is why …” „… distribution on teeth during gear operation. The KHβ coefficient is then calculated directly from real data …”

B. Schlecht, T. Schulze, K. Riedel Tooth contact analysis under load on double helical-geared planetary gearboxes S. 83-96

„… analysis results, to allow real-time calculations of tooth contacts, resulting in a detailed load …” „… planetary gearbox lead to a time-consuming task to allow a comprehensive statement about the load and …” „… stress concentration under load. The disadvantage of these procedures is high computing times or …”

F. Concli, C. Gorla Numerical modeling of the churning power losses of gears: an innovative 3D computational tool suitable for planetary gearbox simulation S. 881-892

„… applicability of the previously developed computational method to real complex gearboxes. With this additional …” „… the application to real complex gearboxes. In order to show the capabilities of this new strategy, a …” „… selected and simulated. At the same time, the planetary gearboxes represents a configuration for which the …”

M. Kalin, A. Kupec Wear and Fatigue Behaviour of Polymer Gears under Controlled Temperature Conditions S. 1637-1648

„… in real time. With the use of an infra-red (IR) thermal camera, the real-time operating temperature …” „… . Each test was repeated at least three times. 3. Results 3.1. Experiments at “room temperature …” „… times and at 50 °C by more than two times, compared to 30 °C. Similarly, at 1.2 Nm and 70 °C the …”

C. Andersson Grinding or shaving? – Performance based economic decision support in the manufacturing of gears S. 1353-1364

„… and scientists have devoted time and effort on developing manufacturing cost models with different …” „… of real costs for direct materials; direct labor and manufacturing OH. As a result of this the …” „… & Bouwman [10] as well as reports on declining interest of implementing ABC, Innes et al. [11]. Time Drive …”

J.-A. Meis Flank fracture assessment under consideration of material quality S. 395-398

„… a depth of roughly two times the CHD, but as already mentioned and seen in Fig. 9, it is possible …” „… as for the Siemens gears, because the real defect size distribution for the steel used in the FVA …” „… flank fracture as a function of the operation time of the gearbox. Literature [1] „Zur Grübchen- und …”

A. Miltenović, M. Banić, Ž. Mišković, R. Mitrović, V. Miltenović Prediction of heat generation in transmission bearings by application of FEM S. 1199-1208

„… solid bodies and connected friction processes including friction heat and concentrated in real zone of …” „… the time domain as an input of transient thermal analysis. The input parameters of the direct coupled …” „… analysis in the time domain are the coefficient of friction, the radial force and speed. As already noted …”

J. Fechler, M. Böhm, S. Aberle, V. Merz A contribution to the NVH behavior of plastic gears in automotive applications S. 1531-1540

„… describes the difference between the theoretical real position of two gears and the position they should …” „… (solid line) and corresponds to the theoretical approach. Taking into account the real material …” „… acoustic, i.e. a lower TE, and a mechanical robust design at the same time. Figure 4 shows the percentage …”

A. Mihailidis, G. Korbetis, N. Drivakos, I. Nerantzis Finite element method based analysis of planetary gear systems considering backlash and manufacturing deviations S. 75-82

„… flanks taking into considerations the above mentioned geometrical deviations is extremely time consuming …” „… distribution. Therefore, simulations aiming at the prediction of the actual loading of real, non-ideal …” „… flank. Although it is possible to make this mesh manually, one should consider the effort and time …”

A. Kubo Change of gear steel quality as function of globalization – Back ground of the development for high speed automatic hardness tester S. 41-50

„… shown and gear material problem is introduced. It is difficult to check the real quality of gear …” „… steels purchased, because gear engineers are not metallurgist and cannot spend much money and time for …” „… measuring thousand-points-hardness automatically in short time. Some examples of quality evaluation for …”

B. Bauer, R. Hambrecht, A. Kube Thermal analysis and optimization of gearboxes by simulation S. 917-926

„… calculations. E.g. the transient simulation of 5 seconds real time of a medium sized gearbox in appropriate …” „… conditions are ideal. But in the real case, the surface temperature is not homogenously distributed, and the …” „… . Computation time The required computation power to perform a CFD is enormous compared to analytical …”

M. W. Seidel, A. Zösch, K. Härtel Grinding burn inspection – tools for supervising and objectifying of the testing process S. 1003-1014

„… verify the sensitivity before testing real parts. In addition, reference blocks are applied in certain …” „… analysis (BHN) [3], the 3MA-method [4] and in recent times, eddy current testing (ET) [5], are already …” „… burn of very small dimension needs to be unfailingly detected. At the same time false indications must …”

B. Schlecht, F. Rudolph, S. Schumann Experimental studies and simulation of hypoid gear lapping S. 1403-1414

„… speed and relative positions over time as well as the number of passes. Due to the undefined cutting …” „… development over time is estimated by parabolic functions through discretely calculated data points. The …” „… their simulation. A main focus is laid on the reduction of simulation time, while still achieving a …”

T. Nagumo, M. Ishizuka, Y. Satou, S. Matsumura, H. Houjoh Estimation of loaded static transmission error using vibration measurement under operating conditions in a two-stage helical gear reducer S. 857-868

„… k(t) is the time-varying mesh stiffness [2]. )( )( )( tk tFWtΔSTE (1) Assuming that the gear …” „… vibration model can be expressed as a linear time-invariant system, the gear mesh excitation force can be …” „… : • a three-dimensional multi-degree-of-freedom model of a linear time-invariant system; • a …”

J. Cathelin, R. Janssen Material data for advanced plastic gear simulation S. 1553-1564

„… methodology is able to take into account the real tooth form, including the optimized transformation from the …” „… .b). The difference is due to load application variance when compared to a real gear meshing. The …” „… of time needed to generate full S-N curves and the influence of wear on the fatigue result …”

J. W. Vriesen Topographical tooth modifications in planetary gears for reduction of the noise excitation without load capacity loss – Optimization of complex systems capable of oscillation S. 185-196

„… models which at first determined the main deformation under torque load. In newer time more complex …” „… tooth modifications for tooth height and tooth width direction At that time chosen modifications for …” „… .: Topographical tooth modifications in real running and for reduction of the noise excitation without load …”

U. Kissling, M. Stangl The documentation of gearbox reliability – an upcoming demand S. 1051-1062

„… frequently in real life. Table 1: Probability of failure used by various calculation methods when …” „… curve that shows the probability of failure of a component or a system over the life time. When …” „… measurements on probes, a probability of failure as a function of time (or cycles) can be determined using a …”

M. Koop, E. Melnikov, V. Merz Design investigations and indications for acoustical optimized gear meshes using plastic gears S. 1519-1530

„… . However, in a real gear mesh the transmission is not perfectly steady [1, 5]. This is caused by changes …” „… time the less stiff, but also the more stiff contact positions are engaged. This is essentially for a …” „… effort. At the same time the influence of toothing errors is not so high for the machined parts, since …”

K. Mao, V. Goodship, N. Madhav, R. Ramakrishnan, P. Langlois Experimental Investigations of Polymer Composite Gear Performance S. 1625-1636

„… of the severe non-linearity and high real-life sensitivity to small changes in polymer gear …” „… ]. During the tests four test parameters are continuously recorded: torque, speed, wear and time to failure …” „… test gears are loaded at a constant load for a short period of time (e.g. 1 hour) after which the load …”

A. Pogacnik, S. Beermann Measuring permissible root/flank stress of plastic gears according to the VDI 2736-4 S. 1541-1552

„… conclusion, some remaining problems are discussed. For the calculation of achievable life time or for loads …” „… . Generating root/flank fatigue data on actual gears (on a gear test rig) is a huge effort in terms of time …” „… ), ϑ(temperature)) must be measured at least 3 times. To measure a S-N curve for 1 temperature, cycles to failure …”

M. Brumm, H. Müller Cyber physical gear production system – Vision of industry 4.0 gear production S. 1209-1218

„… these figures several times into machine controls. The main cause is the heterogeneous system …” „… ’, ‘cyber physical systems’ and ‘coexistence of virtual and real production systems’. This list is just a …” „… correction is a real virtual twin. This is comparable to the target geometry what is used for bevel gear …”

P. Garambois, E. Rigaud, J. Perret-Liaudet Robust optimization of gear macro and micro-geometries in order to minimize static transmission error and gear stiffness fluctuations S. 927-938

„… Transmission Error (STE) is the difference between the real position of the output wheel and the position it …” „… is constructed in a prior calculation, most of the time with a finite element of the wheels. All of …” „… (1). This resolution is not particularly long in term of CPU-time, but the construction of the …”

H. Schreiber, T. Röthlingshöfer Kinematic classification of a gearbox comprising separate thrusted teeth and its advantages regarding existing approaches S. 267-280

„… gap has to be maintained all the time and in the ideal position, an area contact between the contact …” „… teeth, but that real area contact is realized within this contact, Fig. 2.1-2. The analysis of teeth …” „… constant load using double the nominal torque over three times the nominal lifetime (right) 2.2. Single …”

A. von Freyberg, A. Fischer Automatic geometry segmentation of involute flank regions S. 1015-1024

„… construction data is available, e.g., for reverse engineering, machine tools with ceased support and old-timer …” „… construction data is available, e.g., for reverse engineering, machine tools with ceased support and old-timer …” „… holistic approximation approach is applied here for the first time to automatically segment an involute …”

C. Gorla, E. Conrado, F. Rosa, F. Concli Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) for gears: manufacturing, performances and tests S. 977-988

„… unavoidable consequence that the rated performances would be only a rough estimation of the real ones. The …” „… representative of all the geometrical and technological properties of the real product, including the casting …” „… same time. Thanks to the design of the test fixtures and to the preliminary positioning of the gear …”

J. Lohmiller, J. Hoffmeister, J. Hermes, M. Ansorg, H. Dhonau Development and investigation of austempered ductile iron (ADI) for thick-walled gear components S. 963-976

„… typical Avrami curve fit the start and end time of the phase transformation were determined at 1% and 99 …” „… isothermal time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagram of the standard chemical composition used in this …” „… ) Isothermal time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagram for the chemical composition used in this study. For …”

A. Carbonelli, J.-Y. Guerder Computing and minimizing the whining noise – Application to a bogie gearbox S. 517-526

„… is a real railway gearbox which includes wheels, axle, stator, and motor as well as the housing and …” „… vector of the generalized coordinates of the system, stands for the time derivative. is a vector of …”

T. Utakapan, B. Kohn, M. Fromberger, M. Otto, K. Stahl Evaluation of gear noise behaviour with application force level S. 695-706

„… test rig or an in-situ gearbox, where the noise behaviour of the real gearbox can be evaluated under …” „… the real condition. The comparison of noise behaviour by means of these measurement types can be …” „… the computing time benefit, which becomes very advantageous for example in the optimization …”

P. Tenberge, D. Kupka, T. Panéro Influential criteria on the optimization of a gearbox, with application to an automatic transmission S. 253-266

„… software, an engineer can easily create several variants of a transmission to evaluate. To match the real …” „… % in diameter. For the real optimization and the rest of the study, we in fact only consider the …” „… several geometric variants of a reducer in a very short time, size the corresponding bearings to match …”

D. Ghribi, C. Peyrac, M. Octrue Shot peening of gear tooth flanks: Search for an optimal surface topography against the micropitting S. 153-162

„… normal to the rolling direction to mimic real gear application. Fig. 1: Geometry of fatigue contact …” „… indi- BT BT+SP1 BT+SP2 BT+SP3 % a ffe ct ed a re a Test time (h) VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 2017158 …”

M. Oehler, B. Magyar, B. Sauer A new standardizable calculation method to predict the efficiency of worm gear drives S. 363-372

„… guideline to find a standardizable, but at the same time physically justified approach, which can be …” „… proportion of boundary friction. With a detailed contact simulation of real-measured surfaces, a …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181022948

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - LAND.TECHNIK 2020

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (Hrsg.)

LAND.TECHNIK 2020

Reihe: VDI-Berichte

Band 2374 2020

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D. Cook, J. Viramontes ROS2 for Autonomous Agriculture Applications S. 103-130

„… resources on board No real-time requirements (or, any real-time requirements would be met in a …” „… standards. This progression of mobile machine controls technology in agriculture has resulted in real-time …” „… – Consideration of microcontroller-based processing platforms integrating into the ROS ecosystem. Real-time …”

S. Tanner Experience gained in developing Autonomous Robots using AI and spot spraying to weed open field crops S. 213-222

„… machines equiped with a real-time plant classification system, and a centimeter-precision spot spraying …” „… based on a CNN trained with a proprietary image database, and executed in real-time on the machine with …” „… , environmental and societal) to be accepted by farmers and operated in real conditions. The work presented in …”

L. Trösken, L. Frerichs Process model for an economic evaluation of cultivation methods on agricultural farms S. 435-444

„… processing a job. Comparisons of simulated partial times of this process model with real records of field …” „… times are charged with respective cost rates to get the cost structure for the production on each field …” „… "Efficient fuel use in agricultural technology" (EKoTech). In simulations, times for individual subtasks (cf …”

M. Gorius, T. Nothdurft, J. Witte, Saverio Zuccotti AEF Wireless In-Field Communication – Agrarian M2M communication for inter brand cooperative machine applications S. 157-166

„… real-time control category include assistance systems for unloading grain during a harvesting process or …” „… terms virtual drawbar or longitudinal and parallel platooning. Real-time exchange of control data is …” „… transmission of continuous high-volume and low-latency data. This is a main characteristic of real-time video …”

H. Wanta, M. Holovac, S. Lorenz, J. Krzywinski Evaluation of Human-Machine Interactions with Autonomous Agricultural Systems through Cyber-physical Prototypes S. 245-266

„… real-time simulation. The transfer to a tessellated mesh model took place via the internal import function …” „… models suitable for real-time simulations becomes apparent. A guideline value of a reduced number of …” „… for tracked simulation data could only be saved locally and were not sent to the HMI in real time …”

C. Högemeier, C. Bußmann, R. Middelberg, P.-E. Dziadek Integration of a crop moisture sensor in a combine harvester in order to improve the automatic machine adjustment S. 187-194

„… varying crop conditions in constant intervals several times during the day. With the crop moisture sensor …” „… located in the exact same place. This brings the advantage, that there are no time shifts or delay times …” „… to the maximum of 350.000 units for waterlogged material. By a calibration curve the real actual …”

M. Schikora, J. Wildt, M. Zies, T. Schaare, V. Hadamschek, M. Bender Automatic weed spectrum and weed pressure assessment with RGB imagery S. 287-294

„… management is presented in this paper. The technology is able to provide in real time a weed spectrum and …” „… this paper. The technology is able to provide in real time a weed spectrum and weed pressure analysis …” „… , “Faster R-CNN: Towards Real- Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networks”, arXiv:1506.01497v3 …”

N. Niebrügge, M. Terhaag, M. Ensink Full digital video solution as a forward-looking technology for High Speed ISOBUS S. 295-302

„… streaming via AVTP is disabled and the camera switches to the Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP). [7][8 …” „… for Real-Time Applications”, Fremont, IETF, 2003. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2374, 2020302 …” „… more destinations at the same time, also wireless. As the used transmission medium Ethernet is the …”

P. Riegler-Nurscher, J. Prankl, M. Vincze, H. Prankl A review on plant and soil properties estimation using ground-based computer vision techniques in the visible spectrum S. 353-360

„… mapping parameters but also controlling agricultural machines in real time. This paper presents an …” „… still a field of research and no widespread applications are known. Especially, full-area real-time …” „… efficiency is preferred to be able to reduce the exposure time at higher motion velocities, as well as high …”

T. Loddenkemper, R. Schulte Spray-IQ Top – An Intelligent PWM Valve For Field Sprayer Nozzles S. 323-328

„… the valve takes about 20ms, the opening time is less than 10ms as the pressure of the fluid system …” „… pushes the sealing plate back to its open position. Thanks to these fast reaction times it is possible …” „… closing time of this signal, the fluid flow through the valve is adjusted. The flow control During …”

J. Baumgarten Challenges of calibrating grain loss sensors of combine harvesters S. 203-212

„… , even if one has to live with a certain irregularity in the real grain losses over time. For this …” „… Subsequent evaluation of the grain losses via a small cleaning device At the time of the study, there was …” „… handling two pans across the width of the machine channel are used, which are deposited at the same time …”

T. Stein Automatic logging and situation-related evaluation of manufacturer independent machine data S. 47-54

„… machines, equipment and working time. In this project, they provide the other part server architecture …” „… result, data from different sources (CAN bus, GPS-position, time data, directly connected sensors, etc …” „… Focus of the evaluation is the machine usage and the optimization it by the means of time and resources …”

D. Wildner, T. Herlitzius, T. Berg Concept development of a traction management system using the example of a pipe laying machine S. 387-394

„… the municipality of “Wüstenrot” for the first time. The feasibility and functional reliability of the …” „… be laid in parallel at the same time and the productivity of the process decreases. The approach to …” „… is modelled as a rigid, zero mass beam. The real mass of the kinematics is considered within the …”

S. Raikwar, T. Herlitzius, J. Fehrmann Autonomous Navigation Strategy for an Orchard Robot Using Simulation Design S. 425-434

„… LiDAR/range sensors can be used to detect obstacles in the real-time environment. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2374 …” „… navigation in GPS denied environment. The navigational control strategy for a real robot is verified using …” „… robotic platform preceding to its application in real field. They have used image-based sensors (Sick …”

A. Lindenberger, C. Korn Parameter identification for Discrete-Element-Method (DEM) particles of a self-propelled forage harvester (SPFH) chopping sample S. 135-142

„… same time. In the in-situ test rig the stationary rear wall in the SPFH crop-flow is abstracted into a …” „… computational time. A translation motion of the container and a lower rotation rate of the rotor than in the …” „… real application, causes a deviation of the relative speed to the chopping sample compared to the …”

C. Hoffmann, M. Müller, R. Haas Cyber Security Management Systems for Agricultural Technology Products – A CSMS “light” S. 445-450

„… , ideally in real time So far, agriculture has not been the focus of cyber-attacks apart from ransomware …” „… , especially in times of crisis, and should therefore be treated with particular caution. Security threats …” „… , value-chain and vehicle lifecycle. It is important to engage in the right activities at the right time (e.g …”

S. Mercati, A. Bertoli, C. Ognibene Next generation hybrid-electric power steering systems for agriculture machines S. 451-0

„… steering unit from 1 up to 4 times the steering unit displacement. This flow control is carried out by …” „… almost zero error between the wheel angle desired position and the real one. Fig. 2: DPSiQ 12 …” „… of misalignment error between the desired wheel position and the real one, the system increases or …”

H. Bernhardt, M. Bozkurt, E. Colangelo, J. HorstmannM. Kraft, J. Marquering, T. Steckel, H. Tapken, C. Westerkamp, C. Weltzien Industry 4.0 and Agriculture 4.0 – The same or different? S. 167-174

„… resources are possible through the availability of extended and near-real-time data from production and the …” „… when using steering systems. Due to the optimum use of the working width saves machining time and fuel …” „… systems also makes it possible to optimise productivity, which at the same time can lead to a change in …”

A. Holler, C. Mueller From driver to automated driving – Proposal for a holistic step by step approach S. 413-424

„… to meet functional safety demands. At the same time the required software gets more complex finally …” „… 25119 and EN ISO 13849 safety functions. Hereafter a real safe assisted and autonomous operable machine …” „… requires to take into account some important aspects in order to save development time and effort and to …”

B. Feld Mikkelsen, R. Besana Test as a way to implement robots in agriculture S. 131-134

„… in the field and manage crops. At the same time, Agro Intelligence ApS will likely to be the first …” „… implementation of agricultural robots in real life. This is the crucial and final purpose of testing and for …”

M. Hengst, T. Herlitzius, S. Pantke, P. Zirker Tool management, controlling and condition detection for highly automated/autonomous soil cultivation S. 73-82

„… operator or administrator cannot monitor all processes in real time, so the machine system requires a …” „… are detected by the deviations of the real contour line to the ideal course [13]. Machine Concept …” „… to ol ‐ 02 Se ct io n A Z‐Position Module‐ID Time of use Working hours Module‐offset Speed Se ct …”

R. Haas, C. Hoffmann Cyber Threats and Cyber Risks in Smart Farming S. 37-46

„… for real-time control, better yields, optimal timing, higher efficiency, scalability, reduce costs …” „… : Cows cannot be milked in time causing a loss of milk production and discomfort to the animals …” „… systems. As always, cyber security is not a one-time effort, but a process that needs constant evaluation …”

S. Steinhaus, L. Frerichs A novel approach to determine the soil aggregate size distribution from high-resolution 3D point clouds S. 361-368

„… and not the real distribution [3]. For this reason, a new method was developed to determine the …” „… . VDI-Berichte Nr. 2374, 2020364 Fig. 3: RRSB-grid (modified according to [10] and DIN 66145:1976-04). A real …” „… addition, the number of points has been notably reduced in order to speed up the calculation time of the …”

P. Flierl Development of a header-prototype in order to increase combine throughput in grain harvest S. 375-382

„… even more extensive through social demands. Over a long period of time the way of farming will change …” „… under real life conditions will be taken by a real test-unit for the tractor front hitch. References …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023747

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (Hrsg.)

AUTOREG 2017

Reihe: VDI-Berichte

Band 2292 2017

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

C. Winter, R. de Castro Optimal Velocity Profile Generation for Semi-Autonomous Vehicles S. 129-142

„… solved efficiently in real-time. 2.2. Dynamic Programming The optimization problem of the previous …” „… real-time capable implementation of the DP solver. For an efficient solving of the optimization problem a …” „… environmental changes is shown. 3. Results 3.1. Real-Time Capability In a (semi-) autonomous vehicle the …”

S. Gantenbein, M. Weiss, E. Ivers-Tiffée Elektrochemische Charakterisierung und physikalische Modellierung von Lithium-Ionen Batterien S. 157-170

„… of varying quality with respect to accuracy, computation time, real-time capability and physical …” „… resistance and time constant which are required to calculate the overvoltage. The lithium solid state …” „… diffusion losses ηDiff,A/C are studied by a current interruption method in the time domain which is the …”

T. Sehnke, D. Schwarzmann, R. Baur, M. Schultalbers, R. Ernst Zeitliche Eigenschaften in komponentenbasierter Automotive-Software S. 479-490

„… bestehender Real-Time Analyse-Methodik. Real-Time Analysen berechnen bzw. beschränken die Zeit zwischen der …” „… , Proceedings of the International Congress on Embedded Real Time Software and Systems, 2012. [2] AUTOSAR …” „… Conference on Engineering Complex Computer Systems, 2007, S. 359–364. [5] Thiele, L. et al., Real-time …”

M. Grotjahn, B. Luck, M. Feldt Nichtlineare adaptive Regelung und Störkraftkompensation für elektrische Gaspfadaktoren S. 337-352

„… . The concept is tested on a real-time rapid prototyping hardware and evaluated by an experimental …” „… shown. The control algorithm is implemented in a real-time environment using rapid-prototyping hardware …” „… and time-varying effects have an impact on the dynamic behaviour of gas path actuators. Conventional …”

K. Abdelgawad, S. Henning, P. Biemelt, S. Gausemeier, A. Trächter Networked Driving Simulation for Future Autonomous and Cooperative Vehicle Systems – Development of a Modular Platform for Networked Driving Simulation Based on High-Level Architecture S. 539-550

„… training station based on real-time cooperative driving simulation [14]. The software simulates vehicles …” „… simplicity, and sufficient bandwidth. For applications with real-time requirements, other communication …” „… vehicle physics model, which consists of various real-time capable sub-models developed with …”

B. C. Heinrich, D. Fassbender, H.-J. Wuensche Autonomous Cooperative Multi-Convoy Control for Off-Road-Scenarios S. 365-376

„… observable by follower i and broadcasted to all other followers at a given time interval. Given the full …” „… system state at time k, xk, there exists a string-stable optimal solution for the system states for at …” „… received and transmitted substates xki[i] are saved in a time-sorted update queue Q. Once a new substate …”

P. Bolia, S. Müller Numerical Modelling of the Human Driver for lateral closed-loop steering maneuvers S. 551-560

„… running on real-time hardware from the company dSPACE. Accurate sensors mounted on the test bench measure …” „… controller (TGC) models used in this work is given and subsequently their performance is evaluated on real …” „… time EPS HIL test bench for different driving maneuvers. In order to evaluate the characteristics of …”

T. Hansen, M. Schulz, M. Knoop, U. Konigorski Kombinierte Längs- und Quertrajektorienplanung für automatisierte Fahrstreifenwechsel S. 235-246

„… Longitudinal and Lateral Trajectory Planning for Automated Lane Changes Dipl.-Ing. Tim Hansen, Prof …” „… in der Simulation getestet, in einem Versuchsträger implementiert und unter realen Bedingungen in …” „… replanning takes place. The relatively low computation time of the described method allows it to be computed …”

C. Götte, C. Wissing, M. Keller, T. Nattermann, C. Haß, K.-H. Glander, T. Bertram Simulationsbasierte Entwicklung eines Trajektorienplanungsverfahrens für automatisiertes Fahren S. 247-260

„… . Keller, C. Rösmann, T. Nattermann, C. Haß, K. Glander, A. Seewald und T. Bertram, „A real-time capable …” „… . Mercy, W. van Look und G. Pipeleers, „Real-time motion planning in the presence of moving obstacles …” „… trajectory planning approach is bounded by the available computation time that has to be in accordance with …”

J. Richenhagen, M. Schumacher, J. Pinnekamp, V. Kumar Konenki Developing Adaptive Lighting in an Agile Software Factory S. 461-474

„… suitable quality at minimum costs and time. In order to resolve this conflict of interests, new …” „… transformed into high quality software. As a result, development time and costs are not affected while SW …” „… conditions, i.e. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2292, 2017462 time & cost pressure, need to be addressed [6]. One solution …”

M. Haßenberg, G. Wittler, H. Briese, T. Schubert, H. Henrichfreise Systematische modellbasierte Schwingungsanalyse einer geregelten elektrischen Servolenkung S. 45-56

„… genutzt. Der Regler ist so ausgelegt, dass die im realen System auftretenden Begrenzungen im …” „… 1.2 1.4 time / s T tb / N m LQR LQG Modell der Regelstrecke (2 DOF oder 8 DOF) LQR LQE Ω …” „… , die im realen System ohnehin durch Nichtlinearitäten, Fertigungstoleranzen und Alterung auftreten …”

A. Noll, C. Ament Potenzialanalyse prädiktiver Streckendaten zur Komfortsteigerung von Fahrzeugen mit geregelten Vertikaldynamiksystemen S. 103-114

„… . Cosinus-Schwelle, eine Plateaulänge 1 ⋅ festzulegen. In der Regel weist das restliche reale …” „… verschiedenen realen Fahrbahnvermessungen [9], [10] und den kaum vorhandenen periodischen Anteil im …” „… reales Dämpferkennfeld (rechts) eines semi-aktiven Verstelldämpfers in Abhängigkeit des Dämpferstroms …”

M. Eckert, S. Hohmann Fraktionale Zeitbereichsidentifikation einer Lithium-Ionen-Zelle mit realen Messdaten S. 213-222

„… Fraktionale Zeitbereichsidentifikation einer Lithium-Ionen Zelle mit realen Messdaten Dipl.-Ing …” „… laufenden Betrieb, z.B. in einem Elektrofahrzeug, geeignet. Die Generierung von Messdaten einer realen …” „… und deren Vernetzung werden ausführlich dargelegt. Anhand der realen Messung wird gezeigt, dass sich …”

M. Kehrer, M. Hisung, H.-C. Reuss Machbarkeitsstudie zum virtuellen Trainieren und Testen von künstlichen neuronalen Netzen S. 491-500

„… S.;Culuciello E.: ENet: A Deep Neural Network Architecture for Real-Time Semantic Segmentation. arXiv …” „… ob die virtuell trainierten Modelle in der realen Welt verwendet werden können. In [3] und [4 …” „… verarbeitet der Sensor jetzt die Daten, die ihm über seine reale Schnittstelle bereitgestellt werden. Andere …”

M. Eisenbarth, T. Plum, J. Andert Einfluss von Verkehrsteilnehmern auf die OnlineOptimierung der Fahrtstrategie S. 115-128

„… Kreuzungssituation mit realen Messdaten (Kapitel 4). 2. Prädiktionsalgorithmus des Umgebungsverkehrs Um eine …” „… Prädiktionshorizont (30s) sowie der Verlauf des realen Kreuzungszustands dargestellt. Aufgrund der geringen …” „… .: Vehicle Speed Trajectory Optimization under Limits in Time and Spatial Domains. ATZ Fachtagung (2017) [11 …”

T. Daszenies, T. Könings, S. X. Ding, F. Wobbe, J. Klöck, N. Weinhold Kennfeldbasierte Leerlaufregelung einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine S. 33-44

„… idle speed control of a spark ignition engine M.Sc. Tim Daszenies, Dr.-Ing. Tim Könings, Prof …” „… (vgl. [2]). Abschließend wird die neue Bedatungsstrategie, auf Basis realer Messdaten, mit …”

M. Hisung, D. Martinovic, M. Grimm, H.-C. Reuss Assistenzsystem für automatisierte Fahrzeugpositionierung bei induktiven Ladesystemen S. 309-318

„… strategies is the real-time capability. Because no visual connection between sensors and signal source is …” „… distance, the environment and the orientation of the vehicle to the loading coil. At all times a collision …”

Q. Wang, S. Müller A path planning controller for unsignalized intersection based on model predictive control and potential field method S. 299-308

„… enlarged as a circle with the radius of both the vehicle and the obstacle. However, in real life, we …” „… 2.0 ),( 22 1 o ydxd kkk d gaa uxfx (4) VDI-Berichte Nr. 2292, 2017 303 Where k is the time step, Hp …”

E. D. Dickmanns Entwicklung des Gesichtssinns für automatisiertes Fahren – Der 4-D Ansatz brachte 1987 den Durchbruch S. 5-20

„… capable of real-time vision; the demonstrated state of development at UniBw Munich at the end of the …” „… werden [4 bis 7]. 2.1 Integrierte räumlich / zeitliche Modelle für den realen Prozess Gemäß Bild 5 …” „… wird parallel zur Beobachtung des realen Prozesses in der Welt über Fernsehsignale (links im Bild …”

M. Bauer, R. Mannale, M. Kochem, A. Ravi CaliSim – Calibration by Simulation – Virtuelle Applikation elektromechanischer Lenkungen S. 501-514

„… nach der one-factor-at-a-time-Methode (OFAT) entsprechend dem gewünschten Fahrverhalten an. Der …” „… Parametersetup auszuwählen, die reale ECU im Fahrzeug mit dem ausgewählten Setup zu kalibrieren und das …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181022924

Stefan Geneder - Beitrag zur modellbasierten Emulation von Fluidkühlern zur Abbildung der thermischen Zustände des realen Fahrbetriebs am Prüfstand

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Stefan Geneder

Beitrag zur modellbasierten Emulation von Fluidkühlern zur Abbildung der thermischen Zustände des realen Fahrbetriebs am Prüfstand

Reihe: Mess-, Steuerungs- und Regelungstechnik

Band 1276 2022

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Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… – radiator – media conditioning – heat exchanger model – simulation – real timeDie vorliegende Arbeit wendet …” „… development of a transient real-time capable heat exchanger model for the model-based driving of the dynamic …” „… modelling approach. This approach allows for the first time the real-time calculation of the heat exchanger …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 189-208

„… nonlinear model predictive control of a thermal management system for electric Vehicles in Real-Time. In …” „… .: Fundamentals of heat and mass transfer. 6. Aufl., Hoboken: Wiley, 2007. [IPG21] IPG Automotive: Real-time …” „… Hardware. [Letzter Zugriff: 3.4.2021]. https://ipg-automotive.com/de/produkte-services/real-time …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186276087

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