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GJAE - German Journal of Agricultural Economics

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GJAE - German Journal of Agricultural Economics

Browse Volumes: GJAE - German Journal of Agricultural Economics

GJAE Volume 72 (2023) Issue 02 ISSN Online: 2191-4028

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Thomas Heckelei, Yaghoob Jafari, Linmei Shang, Arnim Kuhn The National and Regional Impact of the EU Bioeconomy Strategies on the Agri-Food Sector: Insights from Germany S. 73-90

„… model to simulate the impact of decreasing bio-based production costs in Asian coun-tries and shows the …” „… ): Bio-based economies in Asia: Economic analysis of development of bio-based industry in China, India, Japan …” „… (2021): Transition paths towards a bio-based economy in Germany: A model-based anal-ysis. In: Biomass …”

Christian Sponagel, Enno Bahrs, Arndt Feuerbacher, Daniela Bendel, Tobias Karl David Weber Economic and Agronomic Impacts of Agrivoltaics on Arable Land Use at the Example of the Stuttgart Region* S. 101-116

„… . (2022). 2.4 CropRota CropRota is a crop rotation model based on linear programming, which was used to …” „… . 2.5 PALUD PALUD (SPONAGEL et al., 2022) is an economic geo-data-based land use model based on linear …” „… on plot level by the model. Based on the explanations in Chapter 2.1, only the suitable areas could …”

Bente Castro Campos, Martin Petrick Nitrogen Surplus Displays a Spurious Environmental Kuznets Curve in Germany S. 91-100

„… wage is rejected by al-most all model specifications and by tracing of indi-vidual county paths. This …” „… decreases with economic development. GROSSMAN and KRUEGER (1991, 1995) and PANAYOTOU (1993) pioneered …” „… data from 1985 to 1998. The authors compare parametric and nonparametric models and find parametric …”

Achim Spiller, Dorothee Schulze Schwering, Lena Focke-Meermann E-Commerce in German Agriculture: A Case Study Investigating Farmer Satisfaction Applying the Thinking Aloud Method S. 117-132

„… satis-faction can be determined based on five alignable channel facets (5C model): confidence, choice, charge …” „… performance-based pricing model linked with e-commerce might be one solution. The traded products would be …” „… service or ad-hoc service as part of performance-based pricing. This performance-based pricing model would …”

doi.org/10.51202/2191-4028-2023-02

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Drivetrain for Vehicles 2016

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Drivetrain for Vehicles 2016

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2276 2016

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F. Pflüger Virtual calibration of conventional & hybrid drivetrain strategy – Transfer drive strategy calibration from vehicle in a virtual environment S. 563-576

„… based on a simplified vehicle model. VDI-Berichte 2276, 2016564 Due to the fact that shift strategy …” „… . Abstract This publication shall show new approaches and results in AVL for development of an objective …” „… , shorter development cycles and increasing quality requirements dictate calibration quality to be …”

M. Jordan, P. Tenberge Optimized Start-Stop-Control of a P2-Hybrid – Identification of critical parameters for comfort and timing S. 421-434

„… based on an 8-speed automatic transmission. For this purpose detailed simulation models of the …” „… drivetrain and the hydraulic clutch actuation are developed for the transmission. Based on these models …” „… AT-Hybrid To support the development of the Shengrui 8AT-Hybrid transmission detailed simulation models …”

A. Albers, K. Bause, S. Ott, S. Reichert, M. Behrendt, U. Reichert applications Tribosystemic view of CVT in drive systems – Getting tribological mechanisms in CVT under control S. 905-918

„… FE based mi ed friction model at micro scale is built. The model allows a prediction of friction …” „… usually take place at two levels for the working-surface-pair a model test bench is used and for the …” „… behaviour are represented by suitable simulation models. Considering the in uence of technical surfaces, a …”

S. Foulard, S. Rinderknecht, R. Fietzek Paradigm Change in Transmission Design by Online Condition Prediction – Cost- Efficient and Resource-Optimized Lightweight Design based on the eLIFE and ecoLIFE3 Concepts S. 515-530

„… vehicle fleet becomes a part of an optimization problem within a knowledge-based development process. In …” „… basically designed as follows: 1. Calculation of representative load profiles based on simulation models or …” „… , etc.), cost models (development, material, manufacturing, on-cost for transmission replacement, etc …”

M. Maisch, M. Homm, U. Keller The Highly Efficient 9GH-TRONIC Plug-In Hybrid Transmission by Mercedes-Benz S. 339-352

„… vehicle model series across a wide range of vehicle- VDI-Berichte 2276, 2016 339 based applications. In …” „… -, GLC- and GLE-Classes. Based on the Mercedes-Benz 9G-TRONIC automatic transmission, future models are …” „… through the development of a demand-based cooling and lubrication system. In hybrid driving, lubrication …”

S. A. Pahlovy, S. Faria Mahmud, M. Kubota, M. Ogawa, N. Takakura Improvement of transmission efficiency by reducing the drag torque in disengaged wet clutch – Development of a model for calculating drag torque or spin loss of disengaged wet clutch of transmission S. 879-896

„… Development of a model for calculating drag torque or spin loss of disengaged wet clutch of transmission …” „… theoretical model based on laminar flow in the gap between clutch disk and clutch plate. But his model is …” „… discussed in the results and discussions section. 2. Model Development Before developing the proposed …”

K. Fronius, A. Harsch, P. Neuwirth, J. Gindele The AMG SPEEDSHIFT DCT from the Mercedes-Benz 7G-DCT Family – Performance for the Road and Race Track in the Compact Segment S. 53-68

„… all-wheel drive vehicles A 45, CLA 45 and GLA 45. Based on the A-Class, the chronological development of …” „… incorporate many ideas and influences from the development of the sports car model series AMG GT into the A …” „… stories achieved by Mercedes-AMG exert a considerable influence on the further development of the AMG …”

R. König, A. Viehmann, S. Rinderknecht Development of the transmission control for a High-Speed Multi-Gear Powertrain Concept for Electric Vehicles S. 543-562

„… the flowchart. 3. Simulation Model For the development of the powertrain control, a dynamic …” „… combined and modelled as a spring-damper element [7]. The vehicle model is based on driving resistances …” „… .: Design and model based control of a dog clutch for electrified vehicles, CTI Symposium, 2012 …”

A. Lampe, U. Mettin, R. Serway Clutch control of stepped automatic transmissions by using a virtual DCT-structure – Power shifts made easy with generic control software S. 405-420

„… . For this purpose the power shift types of a DCT are introduced by means of a mechanical model. Based …” „… previous sections the virtual DCT framework is fully based on physical models so that it can handle all …” „… that the software development processes of DCT and AT are mostly separated from each other, we are …”

H.-W. Raedt, F. Wilke, C.-S. Ernst Lightweight Design in transmission by forging technology in passenger cars and light commercial vehicles S. 485-502

„… ]. Based on the tremendous interest that the results received from customers and driven by the intensive …” „… model for this application segment, the vehicle (ensuring it was the latest generation) was purchased …” „… concepts. The steel based lightweight design potential reaches 65 kg. As this vehicle exhibits a higher …”

M. Funk, G. Bofinger, J. Patzer, D. O. Lautenschlager, E. Granderath The New Porsche Dual Clutch Gearbox (PDK) – an Important Component of the Powertrain of the Future S. 69-84

„… Macan model lines. The broad-based use of the PDK in Porsche’s vehicle range extends from a D-segment …” „… transportation-based CO2 emissions. Therefore, an important development goal for all new powertrain concepts is to …” „… offers ideal conditions for broad-based implementation in future Porsche vehicles. 1. History The …”

W. Hinz, G. Bednarek The new 8-speed FWD Automatic Transmission for General Motors / A. Opel AG S. 383-396

„… globe. The objectives for this transmission development was to achieve class leading shift quality …” „… optimized development, integration and validation. During the entire development process the project team …” „… development objectives with extremely fast and seamless shifts, better comfort while supporting measures for …”

A. Albers, S. Ott, N. Bursac, S. Rapp Product Generation Engineering – efficient and effective to innovative drivetrain solutions S. 17-32

„… the mathematical model will be an important objective of further research in the field of development …” „… stating that innovations are based on sudden inspirations, innovation is a hard and time-consuming work …” „… principles [Pahl et al. 2013]. Contrary to this classification of development projects, new literature more …”

J. Willert, C. Bünder Modular and Scalable Approaches in Layshaft Transmission Design S. 167-176

„… transmission development are significantly changing, Fig. 1 [1]. Many vehicles are intended for different …” „… family currently is made up of three models, the 5MTT152, 5MTT215 and 6MTT215. To enable large economies …” „… e-clutch can be an in-house solution based on components of the 3rd generation DCTs, namely ondemand pump …”

M. Kraft, W. Pflieger, S. Henzler, C. Nizzola, S. Rinderknecht Simulation-based study of drivetrain electrification to improve driving dynamics S. 177-192

„… simulation is based on a quasi-steadystate simulation including physical compensatory models for powertrain …” „… . Kirschbaum, “Particle Swarm Optimization for Automotive Model-Based Calibration,” in 6th IFAC Symposium …” „… Simulation-based study of drivetrain electrification to improve driving dynamics …”

S. Fujimoto, N. Shiomura, K. Sato, Y. Kawahara The Trend and Future of Torque Converter for CVT S. 869-878

„… model VDI-Berichte 2276, 2016 875 Therefore, as it’s mentioned before, the development of friction …” „… 2276, 2016 869 to the development of variator design and the reduction of friction loss with low …” „… development and use of friction materials to achieve better judder performance. CVT was mainly without SLU …”

B. Löffler, J. Patzner, M. Drabek, K. Armbruster Modular 8-Speed Hybrid Dual Clutch Transmission With Integrated All-Wheel Distributor by ZF S. 85-100

„… transmission system was developed based on a completely new 8-speed dual clutch transmission design (8DT) for …” „… unchanged compared to the predecessor model. The number of speeds increased from 7 to 8 did not result in a …” „… application – in an almost unchanged installation space. Key to a solution for ZF was a modular system based …”

A. Kooy, D. Eireiner, T. Krause, C. Herbers, B. Vögtle Torsional Damping Systems for all relevant Powertrains – Extending current Damping Technologies S. 257-270

„… the first and to the second order, are recommended. The subsequently presented simulations are based …” „… experience [1, 2]. Fig. 1: Development trends leading to higher torsional isolation demands In the …” „… has established a systematic, simulation-based procedure and evaluation method to find the best …”

A. Albers, U. Reichert, S. Ott, A. Radimersky Software supported development of a Battery Electric Vehicle powertrain considering the efficiency S. 321-338

„… Software supported development of a Battery Electric Vehicle powertrain considering the …” „… shorten the development process. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. h.c. A. Albers, Dipl.-Ing. U. Reichert …” „… Elektrofahrzeuge zu verkürzen. Abstract Electrified drive systems have a major role in the development of …”

D. Engelmann, W. Müller, M. Geimer Project “Line Traction 3” – Mechanical driveline with activewheel hubs S. 731-742

„… Based on the reflections made in chapter 2, the idea of the Line Traction powertrain has been developed …” „… VDI-Berichte 2276, 2016 733 actuated. Based on the steering angle and the vehicle geometry, the ECU has to …” „… development process An important step to verify and validate the LT3 concept was the construction of a …”

S. Heller, S. Heppel The new BMW hybrid powertrain with eight speed hybrid module S. 353-368

„… longitudinal architecture at BMW. The new PHEV transmission (Figure 2) is based on the known 8-gear HEV …” „… transmission development of the new 8-speed hybrid transmission special attention was paid to the efficiency …” „… based on the concept of the conventional 8HP basic transmission, but has been modified with the …”

F. Brezger, A. Moser Energy Saving Potentials by Advanced Functionalities of Clutch or Brake actuator Systems for Vehicle Drivetrains S. 137-156

„… erleichtern. Abstract Current developments of passenger vehicles are generating a wide range of drive train …” „… 2020 by the EU Parliament every single gram is of importance. One trend drivetrain development to …” „… the development to date (2015) as well as the predicted development of transmissions with different …”

D. Kupka, P. Tenberge Automated concept design for the evaluation of favourable AT structures S. 193-206

„… the kinematic and kinetic situation in the transmission. Therefore computer based synthesis programs …” „… possible to exclude them from further calculations. Both rate the synthesized structures based on the …” „… evaluated systematically. Kluge [3] uses the tree theory and determines based on the Prüfer sequence in …”

R. Welter, M. Kneißler, M. Hausner, D. Schulteis The Fascination of Clutch-by-Wire S. 121-136

„… of development at Schaeffler. 2. History The possibilities for implementation of Clutch-by-Wire …” „… actuators. In addition to improved mechanical performance, the continued development of electronic …” „… . The driving force for continued development of the actuators was in any case not the automation of …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181022764

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Reifen – Fahrwerk – Fahrbahn

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Reifen – Fahrwerk – Fahrbahn

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2425 2023

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V. Yordanov, L. Eckstein Supplying Real-Time Data to a Digital Twin of the Road System using Tyres and Chassis as Data Providers S. 133-144

„… distribution in the contact patch from the vehicle is not possible. In this paper, a model-based approach for …” „… sensing based on model-driven methodologies, as demonstrated in [9 to 13], holds encouraging potential for …” „… real-time data concerning the distribution of forces at the tire-road interface, we adopt a model-based …”

R. Schurmann, N. Harendza, A. Lion Comparison of numerical methods for real-time simulation of spontaneous axle component failure S. 103-118

„… components in real time. A map-based approach in the simulation software CarMaker and an MBS model with a …” „… mechanical models, map models and behavioural models [7]. Behavioural models are based on the observation of …” „… driving simulator and a real vehicle. The driving simulator uses a real-time model based on …”

C. Strübel, G. Sagar, B. Wies Impact Parameters on Tire Rolling Resistance under specific consideration of Ambient Temperature S. 89-102

„… 28580 conditions. Based on the ISO correction equation for ambient temperature an impact estimation is …” „… . Based on this new tire performance additional target conflicts are discussed. 1. Introduction Tire …” „… rolling resistance is getting more and more important in the past years. Background for this development …”

N. Büteröwe, G. Müller, S. Müller, H. Ulmer, S. Reetz Road-Tire Friction Potential Estimation for Heavy-Duty Vehicles S. 197-208

„… corresponding friction models. On the other hand, effect-based approaches measure the effects that occur during …” „… without additional vehicle sensors: A novel cause-based method for predictive estimations applied to a …” „… important in vehicle development. Especially for commercial vehicles, this results in an increase in safety …”

M. Winter, G. Leister Erstellung von realen Prüfzyklen für Indoor Reifenverschleiß-Prüfstände auf Basis von GPS-Daten und eines MKS Fahrzeugmodelles S. 145-164

„… that generate no or only minimal tire wear, which would be unnecessarily worn on a test bench. Based …” „… vehicle model and a simple GPS measurement technique. This means that not only the amount of tire wear on …” „… . ETRTO proposal. TA 04-02, Task Force on Tyre Abrasion (TF TA), session 4, 2022. [2] JASIC: Development …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024256

VDI Wissensform GmbH - Drivetrain Solutions for Commercial Vehicles

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VDI Wissensform GmbH (ed.)

Drivetrain Solutions for Commercial Vehicles

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2421 2023

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C. Schmidt Fault analysis of truck drivelines using big data methods S. 149-160

„… , during a grid search. The final model categorizes the data points as either faulty or non-faulty based …” „… purely on the features, or it returns continuous risk values (for ensembling and regression-based models …” „… errors in model development are ruled out, it can be concluded that the cause of the error does not lie …”

A. Rozum, R. Uerlich, G. Witham, L. Eckstein Modular powertrains for heavy-duty electric vehicles – From concept to prototype S. 191-0

„… development time and effort throughout the V-model from Fig. 1. Particularly when dealing with new product …” „… model validation based on Concept ELV2 e-axle The reliability of the power loss calculation has been …” „… utilisation challenge the development process since truck profitability is of utmost importance both for …”

H. Heimes, A. Kampker, M. Kehrer, S. Hagedorn, P. Euchner Packaging concepts for fuel cell commercial vehicles – From practical to application-oriented designs S. 13-28

„… automotive development process has continuously evolved. In the state of the art different but similar models …” „… focusses with the “V-Model” on the practical side of the product development, Fig. 10. VDI-Berichte Nr …” „… . 2421, 202322 Fig. 10: V-model for the powertrain development [23, 24] On the left side of the model the …”

M. Eisele, M. Kohler Modular Electric Driveline Platform for Commercial Vehicles – Central Drives and Electric Axles Built up From Standardized and Scalable Components S. 37-46

„… in the further development of electric motor and inverter. 1. Introduction Undoubtedly, alternative …” „… factors. A decisive aspect will be the further development of the fuel cell - as well as aspects of total …” „… which requires extensive experience with commercial vehicles. Based on extensive know-how, ZF is …”

T. Jonsson, S. Balaji, G. Sivaraman, V. Ravindran, J. Engström Effects of PWM on losses and comparison of calculation approaches S. 47-58

„… . Inverter model The most popular inverter control is field oriented control FOC, which is based on control …” „… /ieejjia.7.56. [2] G. Sivaraman, ‘Development of PMSM and drivetrain models in MATLAB/Simulink for Model …” „… , 202348 Approach 1 : Simulink model to compute harmonic currents Fig. 3: Simulink schematic of PWM …”

A. Arnberger, H. Wancura, M. Wieser, H. Zhou, W. Gruber, J. Pell, C. Schörghuber Hybrid powertrain with hydrogen-engine – Technical solutions for future commercial vehicle powertrains S. 79-92

„… to compensate with increased displacement. Based on current development states, a 16-17Liter hydrogen …” „… target as the time for technology development is limited. With hybridization up to a magnitude of up to 6 …” „… supports the best compromise between functionality and product costs (based on the number of components …”

J. Hohn, M. Fister, C. Spieker, A. Lemmer Optimisation of an unsynchronized transmission for commercial vehicles up to 7 tonnes S. 161-174

„… the class of commercial vehicles, it becomes apparent that the development of purely electric vehicles …” „… project. On the one hand, the development of a two-speed transmission is intended to meet the challenges …” „… numbers of units and the associated large development effort. This process is to be further supported by …”

B. Wunderlich Development of an heavy duty eAxle for worldwide application within Daimler Truck portfolio S. 175-180

„… Development of an heavy duty eAxle for worldwide application within Daimler Truck portfolio Dipl …” „… a series development of the vehicle including an in-house development of the electric drivetrain …” „… " eAxle. The next part deals with the subsequent series development. Summarizing from technical …”

L. Heber, M. Helmich, J. Schwab, T. Knobelspies, M. Kober, F. Rinderknecht Thermoelectric Generators for Heavy-Duty Vehicles as an Economical Waste Heat Recovery System – Holistic design and evaluation with the use of modern simulation methods S. 109-122

„… based on fuel and emission reduction as well as payback time for current and future commercial vehicles …” „… possible. The technical development of heavy commercial vehicles can be divided into two phases, see Fig. 1 …” „… . While development in the 1960s and 1970s was dominated by the reduction of fuel consumption, the focus …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024218

Matthias Schreiner - Bayesian Environment Representation, Prediction, and Criticality Assessment for Driver Assistance Systems

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Matthias Schreiner

Bayesian Environment Representation, Prediction, and Criticality Assessment for Driver Assistance Systems

Series: Verkehrstechnik/Fahrzeugtechnik

Volume 797 2016

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Introduction S. 1-5

„… choice and development of an adequate environment model, i.e. a suitable representation of the driving …” „… persons, and deaths in German road traffic over the years 1970–2014 based on [238]. Although the 1970 1975 …” „… traffic over the years 1970–2014 based on [238]. number of vehicles more than doubled in this time …”

Summary and Outlook S. 207-211

„… environments. Subsequently, maneuver-based, probabilistic trajectory prediction models 210 8 Summary and …” „… model of the world, and extrapolates the current traffic situation into the near-future to provide …” „… future ADAS in Chapter 2. Based on the found shortcomings, a novel representation has been derived, which …”

PRORETA 3: An Integrated Driver Assistance System S. 192-206

„… system is based on a hierarchical software architecture, which links the world model, the planning …” „… maneuver-based vehicle guidance, which relieves the driver from vehicle stabilization tasks. Both modes build …” „… : PRORETA 3 prototype vehicle with core research and development team. From left to right: Matthias Pfromm …”

Bibliography S. 221-254

„… , USA, June 2010. [5] M. Althoff, O. Stursberg, and M. Buss. Model-Based Probabilistic Collision …” „… . Bouzouraa and U. Hofmann. Fusion of Occupancy Grid Mapping and Model Based Object Tracking for Driver …” „… . Model-Based Threat Assessment for Avoiding Arbitrary Vehicle Collisions. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186797124

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