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VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Dritev – Drivetrain For Vehicles 2019

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Dritev – Drivetrain For Vehicles 2019

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2354 2019

Results in this title

B. Müller, C. Angrick, M. Fritz New concepts for electrical drive trains for high power density

„… e-motor, power electronics, sensors to software application-specific, high power density solutions with a …” „… installation position. The fact that e-axles always have at least one transmission stage leads to e …” „… , such as applications with extremely short axial installation spaces, e.g. 48 V hybrid modules, in …”

C. Dassler, M. Kurch, M. Nichols NVH-challenges and solution approaches in electric drive development from the supplier‘s view

„… application-specific limit values for the transmission error. Fig. 7: Overview of Transmission NVH layout process …” „… des Kunden. Dabei müssen die Geräusche der E-Maschine, des Inverters und des Getriebes sowie deren …” „… “Eco-friendly drives”, which covers the development of corresponding products such as electric axles and hybrid …”

A. Kinigadner, T. Biermann Schaeffler eAxle family – future solutions for the electric drivetrain

„… Schaeffler eAxle family – future solutions for the electric drivetrain Dipl.-Wirtsch.-Ing …” „… necessitated by CO2 legislation. Electric axles can be enablers in achieving emission targets and new e-axle …” „… requirements. Electric machine For electric axle applications with full driving capabilities, we will take …”

M. Özbek, J. Trommer, K. Akiyama, Y. Yamada Nidec next generation electric traction motor

„… 3. Nidec e-Axle First application for Nidec’s traction motor is the in-house developed e-Axle …” „… flexibility. The e-Axle covers a wide array of applications, ranging from compact cars to SUV platforms and is …” „… compact design. The motor is included in Nidec’s own e-Axle that is introduced to the market in May 2019 …”

C. Schmahl, M. Höck, D. Ressin, M. Kesseler GKN’s ActiveConnect AWD system as an energy-efficient solution for electrified vehicles

„… electrified secondary axle using the example of battery electric vehicles. Based on specific application …” „… considerably by means of torque vectoring and a cross-axle locking functionality. Application scenarios for …” „… axle) to successfully affect the fleet consumption. Scenario 3: OEM with average AWD market share (e …”

P. Janssen, R. Keizer, T. Rosen Optimization of multi-motor electric drive systems – What is the optimum combination in terms of efficiency and cost?

„… using a smart combination of e-motor types, for example an ASM on the rear axle and a EESM or PMSM on …” „… gearset , some applications use multi-speed solutions. The most widespread e-motor technology today is …” „… and different e-motor technologies were analysed for a target vehicle application with a system power …”

C. Schoerghuber, I. Müller, H. Wiener Dedicated hybrid transmission for commercial vehicle applications – Mechanical layout, system analysis and simulation of a dedicated hybrid transmission for commercial vehicles

„… axle. The DHT consists of the input shafts for the e-motors and the engine, gear boxes for speed …” „… , e-motors and rear axle are adapted for achieving the different vehicle requirements. Depending on the …” „… application the OD-mode and the PTO function are not required and therefore designed optionally. E.g. for a …”

R. Dold New powertrain concepts for heavy duty commercial vehicles

„… efficient and suited to daily use. The Truck is mainly build from Battery system, E-axle and chassis. At …” „… operations. The chassis is a so-called 6x2 NLA, i.e. a 3-axle vehicle with 4,900 mm wheelbase and a steered …” „… Trucks focusses on development of Zero Emission Vehicles (ZEV) for different Truck applications (Light …”

R. Gat, M. Ehlen Virtual lubrication analysis – Simulation of oil flow in gearboxes using a novel lagrangian approach

„… components are of growing interest. A wide domain of application nowadays gives a huge potential in …” „… handle real geometries and movements without simplifications (e.g. gears interlocking). AVL Thermal and …” „… HVAC developed a failsafe and easy workflow for various automotive fluid management applications …”

P. Lück, K. Bennewitz, J. Tousen Volkswagen’s electric drivetrains of the new modular e-drive kit (MEB)

„… Heating of the E-Axle Drive Fig. 8: Coolant flow through the PI and stator The e-axle drive is liquid …” „… . Technical Data of MEB E-Drives The compact MEB axle drives for the ID. vehicle family provide a remarkable …” „… the e-Golf Drive The comparison between the technical data of the new MEB rear-axle drive and the …”

A. Gehring, M. Beringer, M. Özdemir Overview of stator technologies motors for electro mobility in passcars – The right technology for each application

„… dominantly. Whereas in the area of axle drive systems both for hybrid applications and pure electric …” „… for each application Alexander Gehring, Dr. Matthias Beringer, Murat Özdemir, ZF Friedrichshafen …” „… each application. This article focuses on the stator designs and technologies, since the last decade …”

S. Kluemper Benefits of the new Allison 9-speed fully automatic – Medium duty commercial transmission

„… . Target applications were established with the new capabilities of the new 9-speed in mind. The …” „… -Speed has also been designed to cover a wide range of markets in a variety of applications as shown in …” „… Figure1: New 9-Speed Target Applications NEW 9-SPEED ARCHITECTURE - HARDWARE The new 9-Speed …”

R. Nasdal, K. Masser Diverse requirements, one product family – The HV Kit for LCV from MAGNA

„… rear axle eDrive unit to be combined with the untouched ICE powertrain in the front of the vehicle …” „… 65kW Concept 2: Conventional drivetrain plus electric rear axle eDrive LOW up to 90kW Concept 3 …” „… : Battery electric truck with eDrive MID on front axle up to 140kW All concept are designed for pure e …”

W. Wenzel, M. Eglinger, M. Li, C. Sieg, J. Hengst, F. Küçükay Next generation of 48V HEV

„… of up to 12 kW and usually a less power for electric boosting on the crankshaft. P0 applications are …” „… higher share of braking energy which improves the CO2 potential of these applications. An evaluation of …” „… rate and a high market in Europe, but show significant growth rates also on other markets, e.g. China …”

K. von Rueden, C. Danzer, J. Liebold, T. Mueller, T. Hirschbeck 1, 2 or 3 – how much it would be? Evaluating the need of multispeed electric drives coming from different perspectives

„… ist es, mit einem modularen System aus E-Maschinen-, Getriebeund Leistungselektronik mit möglichst …” „… Konstruktion der E-Maschine berücksichtigt werden muss. Beide mit dem Fokus auf die Optimierung des …” „… applications that can be used to represent the modular systems of an entire vehicle fleet consisting of …”

S. Demmerer Efficiency of electric axle drive systems – Potential of multi-speed-drives

„… help to improve the performance in case of a specific application and a given e-motor – inverter …” „… Efficiency of Electric Axle Drive Systems Potential of Multi-Speed-Drives Dr. rer. nat …” „… unter Berücksichtigung der E-Maschine, so lässt sich die Effizienz deutlich steigern, kurz: Ein …”

H. Schäfer System impacts to the electrical drive by using SIC-power semiconductors

„… Lastpunkten untersucht werden. Abstract In existing traction drive applications, mainly IGBT’s will be …” „… used for the power semiconductors. For future applications with a demand on higher switching …” „… electrical machine, e.g. winding isolation (aging) and bearing (bearing currents) has to be considered …”

M. Maillard, L. Laurenty, S. Chretien Impact of hybridization on functional safety for low voltage eMotors – Impact of electrical and hybrid architectures (P2 P4) on the ASIL of electrical machines (eMotors)

„… Impact of hybridization on functional safety for Low voltage eMotors Impact of electrical and …” „… hybrid architectures (P2... P4) on the ASIL of electrical machines (eMotors) Magali Maillard …” „… directly on the rear axle. We will then explain how the maximum potential torque transmitted by the …”

M. Bahne, A. Wiesebrock Flexible oil management for dual-clutch transmissions

„… applications Weight optimization for CO2 reduction is a continuous challenge [3]. As a part of a …” „… ]. One reason why Magna Powertrain favors the P2.5 architecture is that the small high-speed e …” „… can be implemented without having to modify the installation position or the front axle design due …”

K. Hasegawa, D. Kosaka, S. Shimizu, K. Kawabata, H. Tsukashima Development of new hybrid AWD system for the SUV segment

„… that this SUV would be driven in daily and camping usage scenarios (i.e., not for work use …” „… Synchronous AC motor 3.944 Rear trans axle Max. torque 121 Nm 139 Nm Motor VDI-Berichte Nr. 2354, 2019506 …” „… eslip+KdKpksfb slipslip (3)- e sliprefslipactslip 　 (1)-　　 s Mg GxM L HW ksff r 0 (4)- eslip dt +Kidt d …”

C. Möser, T. Märkle, K. Hornung Effective acoustic development of electrified powertrains – Combination of simulation and evaluation methods

„… utilised for sound design purposes, as the typical “e” noise can elicit high levels of identification with …” „… normally (manual) filtering of the complete assembly. Components not relevant to the calculation (e …” „… function works virtually VDI-Berichte Nr. 2354, 2019334 100% in practical application. The window from the …”

P. Fietkau, N. Lamparsky, M. Felbermaier, A. Fröhlcke, T. Conze Holistic design approach for electric drives

„… Auslegungsgrößen für einen neuen Antrieb. Im dAS Motor werden die Aktivteile der E-Maschine ausgelegt und das …” „… result is a significant trend towards the digitalization of product development, i.e. greatly expanded …” „… drives combine the e-motor, inverter and gearbox in a single unit. Consequently, numerous disciplines are …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023549

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Commercial Vehicles 2019

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Commercial Vehicles 2019

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2350 2019

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M. Lamke, M. Eisele, F.-D. Speck ZF Kit for E-Mobility Products for Commercial Vehicles S. 73-86

„… means E-Systems must be able to support these application variants in an efficient way. To be able to …” „… in terms of efficiency, which is important for applications with higher range. The axle design is …” „… (electric drives and hybrid transmissions). The development and testing of an overall application-specific …”

M. Fritz Modular Platform Approach for Electric Drive System in Commercial Vehicles S. 103-114

„… applications. For application at higher speed as typically found for electric axle drives usually only …” „… integrated electronics or external electronics Application-specific conditions as operational voltage or …” „… the modular approach easily allows to react on diverging and application-specific requirements. Fig. 6 …”

N. Berger Energy-recuperation as business-case for semitrailers – Smart electrification solution for semitrailers S. 99-102

„… semitrailer axle can reduce fuel consumption, noise and exhaust emissions and thus optimize the costs of …” „… the semitrailer. What are the benefits for this business case? The electrified axle recuperates …” „… energy during braking and when driving downhill, which can be used for various applications. This free …”

J. Hintereder, S. Sattler, U. Gunzert Development of a disruptive semitrailer tractor in light-weight construction S. 45-60

„… necessary only at a small number of points (e.g. shock absorber domes on front and rear axles or load …” „… react sensitively to weight and on vehicles equipped with electrical drivelines, for example e-axles …” „… suspension on the front axle makes for better comparison of later measurements with the new vehicle …”

W. Schmitt, P. Huse, R. Koehnsen A new chassis-concept for electrified, light commercial vehicles based on innovative forming technologies S. 61-72

„… preassigned force application points and axle bearing points are implemented. As a conclusion it can be said …” „… . It also offers a chassis-integrated protection for the energy storage (e. g. the battery system …” „… ), which is currently one main challenge dealing with e-mobility. This is accomplished by a bionic …”

D. Vorgerd The Mercedes-Benz eCitaro – A modular concept for sustainable electro mobility in city bus operations S. 9-18

„… eCitaro’s drive system is provided by an electric portal axle with electric motors at the wheel hubs. The …” „… The Mercedes-Benz eCitaro A modular concept for sustainable electro mobility in city bus …” „… Mercedes-Benz eCitaro [Fig.1] is an innovative fully electric bus that fulfils this wide range of customer …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… 1 J. Schwarze, Kölner Verkehrs-Betriebe AG, Cologne f Vehicle Concepts The Mercedes-Benz e …” „… Automotive SE & Co.KG, Worms f Electrification ZF Kit for E-Mobility Products for Commercial Vehicles …” „… 73 M. Lamke, M. Eisele, F.-D. Speck, ZF Friedrichshafen AG, Friedrichshafen The e …”

K. Kunz Increasing transport efficiency through digitalisation of trailers S. 313-328

„… digital technologies and applications (e.g. mobile, cloud, sensors, data analysis, machine learning …” „… be avoided by increasing trailer transport efficiency. Great potential for improvement arises e …” „… digitalisation of a network, e.g. an entire supply chain or a single logistics process [12]. Digitalisation …”

S. Schönherr The new MAN Lion’s City – path-breaking vehicle design concept for more attractive public transport for tomorrow S. 19-32

„… MAN EfficientHybrid, the independent-wheel suspension on the front axle, the LED lighting functions …” „… Lion’s City E, the brand-new electric bus, the roof curves are replaced by a higher and modified front …” „… USB slot are in the lateral control panel; additional storage facilities are available too, e.g. in …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023501

Martin Ralf Münster - Systematic Derivation of Objective Requirements on Vehicle Steering System

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Martin Ralf Münster

Systematic Derivation of Objective Requirements on Vehicle Steering System

Series: Verkehrstechnik/Fahrzeugtechnik

Volume 819 2023

Results in this title

Subsystem Analysis of the Front Axle S. 93-122

„… , namely the front axle, is shown. However, the testrig itself features another pair of rollers for, e. g …” „… . Asin this application, focus is set on the front axle, instead of the complete vehicle model only …” „… , application-specific measurements for tiremodel identification have been performed by TNO [132].Besides the tires, next …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… Analysis of the Front Axle . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1085.4.1 Application-Specific Requirements on the …” „… Verkehrstechnik/FahrzeugtechnikISBN 978-3-18-381912-6E-ISBN 978-3-18-681912-3Nr. 819Reihe 12Verkehrstechnik/FahrzeugtechnikNr. 819 …” „… | 08:40:45 | 350 mm x 250 mmD a s T e c h n i k K a r r i e r e N e w s - P o r t a l f ü r I n g e n i e u …”

Requirement-Based Module Design Using Solution Spaces S. 153-188

„… toconcrete design problems of, e. g., the steering and front-axle subsystems design, can be welldemonstrated …” „… workflow of the DoE-study regarding the front axle,as outlined in Fig. 7.14, can be divided into individual …” „… DesignFront-AxleVirtual AnalysisRoller Test-RigDoE Input table#1..nParameter setsData set#1..ni+1while iE …”

Introduction S. 1-12

„… vehicle, i. e., when all subsystemssuch as steering and front axle are assembled and thus coupled with one …” „… example of the front axle that thisprocedure can be extended to problems where multiple requirements, e. g …” „… development phase must be shortened, i. e., the designprocess has to be accelerated.As the majority of vehicle …”

Deriving Requirements on Subsystem Level S. 35-62

„… the application-specific difficulties,such as, e. g., the availability of only a few information on …” „… vehicle, thefront axle or the steering subsystems, then they have to be formulated quantitatively. For …” „… thispurpose, target properties must be represented by quantitative numbers, e. g., maximum valuesover vehicle …”

Substructuring the Vehicle Steering S. 13-34

„… one of the first substructuring applications,where an arbitrary mechanical structure is constructed …” „… deliveryof the steering suppliers. Especially at the front axle, the subsystem boundaries have to befurther …” „… subsystems and modules it consists of, as well as thebasic application of different substructuring methods to …”

Conclusion S. 189-194

„… DoE-study, for instance, to be able to evaluate both kinds ofsteering feedback.8.2 Future Work 193Front-Axle …” „… Chapter 8ConclusionThe present work investigates the application of substructuring to top-down …” „… vehiclerepresenting the global system is divided into steering and front-axle subsystems. After acomparison of …”

Appendix 1 S. 205-224

„… composition of front axle and steering dynamics [84].A.7 DoE Input Table for the Steering Design-Study 219A.7 …” „… 1e-4220 A Appendix 1A.8 DoE Input Table for the Front-Axle Design-StudyTable A.5 lists a selection …” „… the DoE-study of the front-axle subsystem, reported inSec. 7.3.2 of Chapter 7. Note that many more …”

Resulting Subsystem Requirements S. 123-152

„… Chapter 6Resulting Subsystem RequirementsRequirements for front axle and steering subsystems are …” „… , requirements for the steering subsystem are derived based on vehicle targetsand assumed front-axle dynamics …” „… .• Secondly, requirements for the front-axle subsystem are derived in analogous manner,based on vehicle …”

Subsystem Analysis of the Steering S. 63-92

„… guidance to therefinement of front-axle designs.→ At this stage, all functional criteria the steering has …” „… . e.,steering-wheel angle, which must remain under exclusive control of the driver. Particularlyat electric power …” „… steering (EPS), the assistance force is applied on demand, i. e., only whenmanual steering-wheel torque is …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186819123

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - LAND.TECHNIK 2022

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

LAND.TECHNIK 2022

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2395 2022

Results in this title

F. Wohlfahrt, T. Gores, S. Terorde, L. Frerichs Applicability Evaluations of Methane based Powertrain and Energy Storage Systems on High Performance Harvesting Machine Applications S. 423-430

„… CNG-concepts (r.) on a midrange combine Application-specific Engine Integration For the application …” „… Performance Harvesting Machine Applications M.Sc. Fabian Wohlfahrt, Dr.-Ing. Thomas Göres, Dipl.-Ing …” „… Future powertrain applications of high performance harvesting machines face progressively growing …”

G. Fiocchi Hybrid and full-electric solution for Telescopic Handler S. 147-152

„… electric motor able to supply front and rear axle. The traction e-motor is a radial flux type, based on …” „… front/rear axle Torque Vectoring control, integrated in the ePowertrain controller, enhancing the traction …” „… engineering division: e-Power Systems, focused in the development of the Digital and Electric/electronic …”

C. Birkmann, J. Wieckhorst, J. Pieper, C. Ehlert, R. Stirnimann, M. Stettler The Integration of a Scientific Soil Compaction Risk Indicator (TERRANIMO) into a Holistic Tractor and Implement Optimization System (CEMOS) S. 29-36

„… TERRANIMO. Besides transferring the resulting axle loads and tire pressure values, a mapping of the soil …” „… individually for front and rear axles in three different soil depths and for tires or tracks. This combination …” „… of electronic controller parameters like e.g. engine-transmission settings, rear hitch controller …”

A. A. Klopfenstein, C. R. Dean, R. Venkatesh, S. A. Shearer New Tire Technologies vs. Tracks – A Controlled Field Investigation to Assess Productivity S. 335-342

„… size of field machinery continues to grow, many agricultural professionals (e.g., producers, crop …” „… refence in the event soil properties changed during the testing period (e.g., rainfall event). a) b …” „… maintained at the mid-range of the respective adjustment settings (i.e., tandem disk gang depth, levelling …”

S. Prufling, B. Langer Latest technology solutions for Charging and e-Machines – how off-road and agriculture applications can benefit from automotive innovations S. 365-380

„… e-CVTs or auxiliary hydraulic units. The paper describes how off-road and agriculture applications can …” „… for e-mobility applications. There is a need for interconnected and seamlessly integrated solutions …” „… technology roadmap outlook for agriculture vehicles will be presented and related e-Machine applications …”

F. Pult, A. Stein, M. Geimer Challenges in the Use of Alternative Fuels: Solutions to handle Boil-Off Gas in Agricultural Machines S. 431-440

„… machines face special challenges since a high energetic autonomy [1] and minimal axle loads are required …” „… ) and therefore has a high potential for agricultural applications. Studies on heavy diesel trucks have …” „… engine connected to an alternator, e.g. the alternator of the vehicle. For the gas engine the main …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023952

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Land.Technik AgEng 2017

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Land.Technik AgEng 2017

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2300 2017

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F. Balbach, E. Nacke, S. Böttinger Method for load-based evaluation of machines using the example of a tractor S. 521-528

„… front axle C on ve rs io n to re fe re nc e po in t Reference load spectrum e.g. gearbox output …” „… . Application spectra of mid-size tractors vary a lot while large-size tractors are mostly used for heavy …” „… tillage or power take-off (pto) applications only. However, since hour meters only count operation hours …”

M. Peeters, V. Kloster, T. Fedde, L. Frerichs Integrated wheel load measurement for tractors S. 423-430

„… applications. In WO 2013/104981 A1 [2] and in [3] assemblies are described for rigid axles. The bending of …” „… today. A minimum axle load is the sweet spot for soil protection, whereas a certain weight is necessary …” „… to achieve the requested traction force. Therefore, the axle loads should be transferred via a large …”

J. Wieckhorst, T. Fedde, L. Frerichs A Traction Field Test – Real Time Tire Soil Parameters of a Tractor in Tillage Applications S. 431-438

„… retarder axles Time [s] D ra ft fo rc e [k N ] 10 15 20 5 0 0 2 4 -2D ev ia tio n [k N ] 0 10 15 20 25 35 …” „… A Traction Field Test – Real Time Tire Soil Parameters of a Tractor in Tillage Applications …” „… applications. The user can influence these traction losses by varying ballasting and the tire inflation …”

C. Ehlert, L. Erger Development of an Intelligent Stretch Brake System S. 143-148

„… throughout the course of agricultural history. Amongst others, transport applications have become a …” „… widespread usage profile. Within this application, speeds and loads have increased over the years. Today …” „… jack knifing, e.g. brake actuation of the service brake with parallel actuation of the drive pedal …”

C. Birkmann, T. Fedde, L. Frerichs Influence of the Drive Train and Chassis on Power Shift Operations in Standard Tractors S. 439-446

„… ue di ffe re nc e weak shaft cPart_2 stiff shaft cPart_2 speed threshold cPart_2 = cTire + cAxle t …” „… achieve an efficient transmission application process it is useful to have a general understanding of the …” „… four wheel drive (2WD, 4WD) is created. The drive train model includes transmission and axle ratio …”

W. Stark, C. Pieke Efficiency Optimization by Using “Vehicle in the Loop” Test Methodology S. 399-406

„… tests on a new 4WD powertrain test bed with active electric dynamometers mounted on all axles and PTO …” „… plus a hydraulic load unit. The test environment allows the replication of customer applications by …” „… optimization with excellent correlation to real world customer applications in an early development stage. This …”

J. Mengele Field test validation as part of the development of a narrow track tractor S. 417-422

„… outstanding number of different applications and the highly integrated operation possibilities for high …” „… . Particularly with regard to the huge number of special types of applications and implements of these tractors …” „… cabin. This specialty tractor has wider axles and higher lifting capacity at the three point linkage …”

J. Karner, C. Danner, A. Kerschbaumer, H. Prankl Definition of a test method to evaluate vibrations acting on a tractor driver S. 255-262

„… on the farm site. Increasing speeds result in high chassis accelerations, e.g. on rough tracks and …” „… minimum health and safety requirements is mandatory. The regulations (e.g. Directive 2002/44/EC [1 …” „… for tractor development (e.g. suspension setup) under different driving conditions. Competent …”

K. Szalay, L. Kovács, G. Bércesi, I. Oldal, E. Piron, J. Charlat, T. Joly, C. Poncet, F. Tran Agricultural Tire Energy Efficiency test method and dedicated equipment to measure the fuel consumption and traction of agricultural tires under real field conditions S. 407-416

„… equipment had been created as an acronym based on the possible application fields of the unique single …” „… wheel axle. Results presented in section [2] were obtained following ENTAM test protocol, namely by …” „… machine The FAST2 can be used for tests in field in “self propelled double axle” configuration (Fig. 6 …”

R. Schmetz Calculation of the losses in series-hybrid powertrains S. 513-520

„… trolleybuses, trams, also those with inductive energy supplies, and Siemens-eHighway trucks or as range …” „… systems depends very much on their particular application. According to [6] an ESHP is the most suitable …” „… for larger agricultural tractors, if advantageous also in combination with drive axles. On base of …”

A. Meiners, S. Häberle, S. Böttinger Advancement of the Hohenheim Tractor Model – Adaption on current demands S. 245-254

„… board for Technique and Construction in Agriculture) for each step of the process chain (e.g. seed bed …” „… application transferring these to the tractor in a predefined interface. Based on this the sub- VDI-Berichte …” „… machines (e.g. standard tractor with a rotary harrow), the performance class (e.g. 75-111 kW and 3 m) and …”

F. Hantschack, R. Rahmfeld, J. Bagusch, A. Meyer, E. Dohm Development of a high performance continuously variable drive for mobile agricultural and construction machinery S. 315-322

„… drive. The fields of application of telehandlers and wheeled loaders have become so divers that now …” „… 550 bar Rated application pressure 420 bar Rated flow 551 l/min VDI-Berichte Nr. 2300, 2017 317 Fig …” „… and rear axles with VDI-Berichte Nr. 2300, 2017318 only one output shaft and, on the other hand, the …”

D. Engelmann, M. R. Unger, M. Geimer Testing and Benchmarking a Powertrain with Independent Wheel Control for Heavy Machinery S. 303-314

„… addition, drivelines of that type have more losses under certain circumstances e.g., in the case of a …” „… adapted for application to the investigation of heavy machinery. As stated above, mobile machines have …” „… “ effect chain for LT3 This is how work function and driveline interact, e.g. in wheel loaders: When …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023006

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