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VDI Wissensforum GmbH - International Conference on Gears 2023

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

International Conference on Gears 2023

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2422 2023

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C. Braykoff, J. Thomas The Magic Cutter – An economical solution for bevel and hypoid gear production based on the modular principle S. 1859-1862

„… advantage of the new method is the simplification of the design of derivate gear ratios. The time-consuming …” „… stock allowance is needed. The design method “magic cutter” allows the usage of one and the same tool …” „… the derivate gear sizes and save costs through optimal tool utilization and reduced changeover times …”

T. Jagiella, S. Haller, J. Lechner, T. Rung, M. Wöppermann, B. Zeeb Building a software toolchain for automated mass-customization of specific end-use gear unit parts using AM-driven design guidelines S. 1607-1616

„… a minimum of required human interaction, a short time-to-part, short machine time and low material …” „… for a given process can be conducted, for example to adjust the balance between short time-to-part …” „… , lightweight parts, low material usage and no additional cost or engineering hours for tailor-made parts. These …”

M. M. Klein Holistic Sustainability-Assessment of Gearboxes S. 815-828

„… , strategic business decisions not only have to follow the classical development goals costs, time and quality …” „… main aspects during usage phase are lifetime in general, especially reparability, spare part supply …” „… several times during the development of a new product. Procedure of sustainability-assessment Based on the …”

M. Fürst, S. Sepp, D. Schweigert, M. Otto, K. Stahl Experimental Investigation of Moving Contact Pattern in Helical Planetary Gearboxes S. 569-582

„… , each measurement is a time-consuming task and therefore a limitation to three representative carrier …” „… high-power density, coaxial central shaft alignment and high gear ratios, promote their wide usage in diverse …” „… . Therefore, strain measurements at the tooth root have been performed multiple times during the test run …”

S. Matkovič, D. Šeruga, M. Nagode, M. Kalin Prediction of tooth root fatigue failure of polymer gears for dry and oil lubricated contact and its comparison to experimentally obtained results S. 1301-1318

„… time-dependent properties which are present in the long-term loading of the polymers. Nevertheless, since the …” „… bench devices employing gear meshing under controlled parameters, is time- and cost-inefficient. The …” „… reason behind time inefficiency is the length of tests that needs to be performed in order to …”

S. Sepp, A. Wenig, M. Otto, K. Stahl Acoustical behavior of periodic flank modifications under dynamic operating conditions S. 341-356

„… is mainly caused by the following mechanisms [18–21]:  Varying mesh stiffness due to time-varying …” „… excitation is the characteristic of the time-varying mesh stiffness. Figure 1 shows an example of the mesh …” „… time-variant force excitation in the tooth contact. The tooth force excitation is calculated according to …”

S. Chen, C. Liu, D. Qin Forward Performance-driven Design of Gear Parameters S. 211-226

„… parameters, the conventional design process requires a number of steps which are time-consuming and complex …” „… time-varying mesh stiffness of gears is obtained by the potential energy method, and the peak-to-peak mesh …” „… allowable bending stress of gear blank material. 3.2 Dynamic performance The time-varying mesh stiffness …”

E. Virtanen, M. Kanerva, G. Szanti Fatigue testing of large sized bevel gears S. 897-906

„… against lubrication failures. At the same time, due to an unrelated incident with the test rig, the oil …” „… qualities do not improve wear performance further. However, the usage of Becal surface pressures instead of …” „… programs for gears, better understanding of the usage of advanced calculation tools, such as Becal, and …”

J. Woelling, F. Manis Recycling of carbon fiber reinforced plastics – State of the Art and Challenges S. 1287-1296

„… temperature and dwell time range of standard waste incineration plants are not sufficient to fully decompose …” „… only be pushed from ecological aspects and politics, but at the same time will be pulled from the …” „… content, pyrolysis temperature and dwell time) and resulting fiber properties. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023 …”

J. König, M. Obermayr, T. Klein Digitalization of the Gear Development Process – Chances, Benefits and Risks S. 1017-1026

„… scarcity of computers, particularly until the 1990s, posed significant challenges. Computing time was …” „… first time through adjustments in product development should be integrated into an interrelated model …” „… application usage provides investment security for all companies, from SMEs to large enterprises, and …”

U. Cihak-Bayr, T. Wopelka, C. Wintersteiger Effect of LOL conditions under high velocity and high injection temperatures S. 763-778

„… Umfangsgeschwindigkeit bei konstantem Schlupf – auf die Zeit bis zum Versagen (time of failure TOF). Eine Superfinish …” „… on the time of failure (TOF). Frictional energy increased with pressure and with entrainment velocity …” „… designed to meet ever increasing demands for reduction of frictional losses as well as weight. Usage of …”

L. Bonaiti, M. Monti, C. Gorla, M. Geitner, T. Tobie, K. Stahl The consequences of different methodologies for the elaboration of pulsator test results with respect to the load spectrum assessment of gears S. 33-52

„… . 5 for both) as well as their well-established usage. To understand the differences between an …” „… the known pulsator test evaluation methods. Conclusions This paper focuses on the usage of pulsator …” „… and its transition towards the long-life one is considered, the usage of full SN curves (especially in …”

M. Willecke, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher Experimental Investigation of the load carrying capacity of beveloid gears with optimized flank topography S. 125-138

„… , without solving the FE-Model every time a contact is found, by representing the stiffness of the specific …” „… coupling allows the usage of the same lever and mass system. In the final application all openly placed …” „… high volume of these variants significantly increases the computational time and resources required. [8 …”

T. Tra My Truong, S. Schumann, B. Schlecht On the Testing of Flank Fracture Calculations Based on 3D-Gears S. 243-256

„… , micropitting, root fracture and scuffing damage, gear designing has been opti-mized. At the same time, however …” „… converted into the respective plane to display the progress of shear stress over time (Fig. 4 b). A variety …” „… usage of the tensor in ( 3 ) the characteristics of a point symmetry can be detected in Fig. 5. 𝜎 0𝜎 …”

A. Yavuz Kanyilmaz, B. Karba, M. VARDAR Classifying plastic beveloid gear quality considering manufacturing errors S. 1159-1172

„… Inc., Ankara, Turkey; Mech. Eng. M. VARDAR, TR Transmisyon Inc., Ankara, Turkey Abstract The usage …” „… the required precision in the shortest possible production time. The effect of width on defining the …”

D. Gallagher, E. Wiita, R. Weidig Improved Method for Validation of Root Stress in Polymer Gears S. 1333-1350

„… Kingdom 1. Introduction Precision gears manufactured from various types of steel have been in common usage …” „… gears only. There is no functionality to calculate change in tooth temperature over time, or to compare …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024225

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - International Conference on Gears 2019

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

International Conference on Gears 2019

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2355 2019

Results in this title

J. Brimmers, M. Willecke, C. Lopenhaus, C. Brecher Investigation of the potential of using surrogate models in the gear design process S. 727-740

„… simulations [2–10]. This is especially true for very time-consuming, costly or high number of …” „… calculation time. In order to shorten the number of variants and thus the calculation time, this paper …” „… generation, the modeling technique itself and the usage of different design of experiment techniques is …”

A. Kubo, M. Nagae, K. Kawasaki Japanese standardization for gear steel qualification via evaluation of HV-scattering S. 893-902

„… to HV) automatically in short time was developed [1], [2]. Three years of field usage of this …” „… material experienced only the time-temperature change history through this heat treatment. Fig.5 right …” „… time-temperature history of each definite local material constituting the machine part decides the metallurgical …”

M. Lutz, J. Hermes Use of multiple-body simulation during the development process of gear units S. 1077-1086

„… classification methods such as time-at-level counting or rainflow counting as well as different classification …” „… the early phases of development, the costs and time of creating the model must be kept low, whereas …” „… up scope for completely new potential usage of the simulation models in the area of drive selection …”

M. Fromberger, S. Sendlbeck, M. Rothemund, J. Gotz, M. Otto, K. Stahl Comparing data sources for condition monitoring suitability S. 257-268

„… behavior, but even perfectly involute-shaped gear pairs excite vibrations due to time-varying gear mesh …” „… ]). This time-varying gear mesh stiffness results in a time-varying loaded transmission error (LTE), which …” „… time-series into angle-series. This is the standard approach of order tracking, although tacho-less order …”

T. Fukuda, M. Nakagawa, T. Hirogaki, E. Aoyama Investigation of transient response motion of differential planetary gear train during reverse rotation and starting by using high-speed camera monitoring S. 331-342

„… , their transient response, such as sudden stop in differential usage when applied to cooperative robots …” „… observations of the transient responses showed differences in the switching times or stopping phases, due to …” „… response of reverse rotation did not occur instantaneously, but rather gradually within a certain time …”

K. Smrczkova Wear resistant plastics – Bespoke plastic compounds for plastic gears S. 1345-1356

„… compounds are bespoke for gear applications. The opportunities in the usage of plastics instead metallic …” „… resistance are also respectable properties for wear usage. A salience property of PA is the advantage of …” „… rate w. The altitude difference through wear of test specimen and friction partner after a defined time …”

B. Karpuschewski, D. Sackmann, M. Kochig, M. Beutner, F. Welzel Potentials and limits of gear hobbing with cooling lubricants S. 1591-1602

„… level of the light source and the device orientation might variate over time, each measured value is …” „… . Besides the usage of lubricants, dry machining was evaluated as well. Advancing from standard industrial …” „… occurred in all cases. The emulsion was able to inherit the crater wear for quite some time and lead to the …”

F. Siglmuller, U. Weinberger, J. Gotz, M. Sedlmair, T. Lohner, K. Stahl Scaling of planetary gear stages according to gear loss similarity S. 115-126

„… , the following aspects have to be considered: Lubrication system: Preferably usage of the same …” „… , the lubricant density and the viscosity level. Preferably usage of the same type of lubrication and …” „… : Preferably usage of the same material and heat treatment of the gear wheels to match the elastic and thermal …”

R. Saito, K. Matsuo, Y. Suzuki Noise characteristics induced by micropitting formed on particle-based parkerized gears S. 69-78

„… result of deterioration over time. Micropitting forms on the gear tooth flank after long periods of …” „… driving, causing the tooth flank profile to deform. Such deformation over time gives rise to noise that …” „… secured under even more severe usage environments. One issue related to transmission durability is gear …”

J. Cathelin Material data for advanced plastic gear simulation S. 1335-1344

„… their usage [2]. Nowadays, gear designers have access to a broad range of polymer materials, possibly …” „… disadvantages of this test are the amount of time needed to generate full S-N curves and the influence of wear …” „… test set-ups is observed, up to 75 time higher. Fig. 8.b illustrate how the gear wear coefficient is …”

P. L. Yin, J. H. Wang, C. X. Lu Digital twin of gear measuring center (dtgmc) S. 1521-1532

„… used to construct the geometric error compensation model [9]. At the same time, the error data …” „… the theoretical verificability of DTGMC. At the same time, VDI-Berichte Nr. 2355, 2019 1523 the …” „… realize debugging and evaluation of GMC software system at the same time. DTGMC and physical GMC are …”

D. Iba, I. Moriwaki, H. Noda, H. Inoue, M. Kim Visualization of phase differences between tooth helix deviations using graph theory S. 1191-1198

„… usage of high accurate gears occasionally cannot realize quiet transmissions, so it means that the …” „… have weights to add various functions into the edges, such as time, distance, and so on, the graph is …”

R. Weidig, H. J. Weimar Powertrain NVH improvement with high-performance polymer gears S. 1421-1430

„… geometries and increased productivity over metal. To achieve the optimum usage of above mentioned benefits …” „… solution. The tested engine this time was a 3-cylinder gasoline engine with a rubber damped MBS gear …”

I. Bae, U. Kissling Comparison of strength ratings of plastic gears by VDI 2736 and JIS B 1759 – In vision of building a new international standard S. 1267-1278

„… molded. At the same time, there are several drawbacks such as lower accuracy, lower strength and higher …” „… to the usage of . However, as these changes to use and will compensate for each other, we do not …” „… least the test gear in VDI has a benefit to reduce the testing time. Note that the test gear in VDI has …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023556

VDI-Wissensforum GmbH - DRITEV – Drivetrain for Vehicles 2021

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VDI-Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

DRITEV – Drivetrain for Vehicles 2021

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2381 2021

Results in this title

F. Langhammer, A. Kappes, A. Viehmann, S. Rinderknecht Novel “Two-Drive-Transmission for Long-Range” Powertrain: Ecology and Efficiency meet Driving Comfort S. 207-228

„… ). To address this design conflict [5] suggests the usage of short time (about one second) highly …” „… the ecological impact. With focus on efficiency, driving, and shifting comfort at the same time, the …” „… electric and hybrid operation, which is being presented for the first time. The technical highlights and …”

K. Seno Prediction for the service lives of drive-train units by model-based development with the measured operational conditions S. 561-566

„… 20 40 60 80 100 120 V eh ic le V el oc it y [k m /h ] P ro p el le r T or qu e [N m ]] Time [sec …” „… cc el er at or [ % ] Time [sec] Accelerator (Simulation) Accelerator (Measurement) GearPosition …” „… differences in operational data, and these shows the feature of usage in each country. These torque data …”

P. Geskes, J. Treier, M. Moser MAHLE 48V Battery for Truck applications S. 581-592

„… ) depending on vehicle type and usage. For the battery itself a 48-volt architecture has cost- and package …” „… short time. This is particularly necessary for vehicles used for freight, commercial, and specialized …” „… discharging capability for extended usage is in development. Therefore, MAHLE offers a modular 48-volt …”

F. Bayer, J. Tochtermann Development of a Heavy-Duty E-Axle S. 621-636

„… to enforce additional limits not covered by the inverter software, such as time-based limitations …” „… highway routes, the requirements were refined over time to incorporate feedback from our customers. This …” „… to continue the development of the heavy-duty e-axle for the selected donor truck. At that time, an …”

T. Kaufhold, F. Schneider, O. Groneberg, A. Moser Modular Starting and Damping System integrated in 48V Hybrid Architectures – Efficient Starting System for Hybrid Vehicle Architectures S. 347-360

„… , which was state of the art for a long time, is nowadays mostly replaced by the belt-driven starter …” „… crank shaft speed over time. The engine is fired up with a 48V starter through the PES. After ignition …” „… spring system against the engine oscillations. The grey curve shows the movement of the roller over time …”

M. Giannantonio, S. Henzler, S. Rinderknecht Advanced Design of Dedicated Hybrid Drivetrains S. 77-100

„… drivetrain layouts, the usage of optimization approaches comes into focus to reduce calculation times. The …” „… and new technology trends in vehicle platforms. Furthermore, the defined reduction of time-to-market …” „… to a very time-consuming step back: The concepts must be redesigned considering the new requirements …”

S. Kaimer Power to the Wheels – Challenges and Benefits of Electrified AWD for EVs and Hybrid vehicles S. 117-124

„… , represented one step forward: Although it was also consistently designed for off-road use, for the first time …” „… architectures, Fig. 1. The axle drives are compatible with BEV usage. For example, even a 48 V hybrid in P2.5/P …” „… . It comes with relevant drag losses in the clutches, otherwise shows good response times …”

S. Dussinger, T. Wiedemann, B. Harter, B. Wiedenmann Simulation of induced axial forces on planet gear bearings at example of ZF’s 8-speed automatic transmission S. 469-486

„… initiative to reduce the computation time by connecting the FE solver to system simulation is explained and …” „… effects over time when the structure is subjected to large rotations and velocities. The contact with …” „… based on finite element nodes 4. Simulation model In addition to the usage of special solver contact …”

H. Wittig, J. Engasser, A. Glavinic AEROFLEX – Distributed Hybrid Drivetrain for Long Haul Freight Vehicles S. 593-608

„… consumption through improved vehicle aerodynamics and the effective usage of loading space. The paper …” „… dollies and/or trailers. Thus, fuel consumption of the whole vehicle combination is reduced by the usage …” „… situation appears when an endurance brake request and a service brake request are issued at the same time …”

R. Kockisch, J. Müller, Erik Schneider Modular transmission systems for future BEV platform applications S. 11-22

„… concept with specific individual components. At the same time, the vehicle-specific powertrain variants …” „… of course, pure BEV concentrated fleet without a limitation for the user at the same time. Due to …” „… comfort based on the same base layout with a maximum usage of common parts and manufacturing tools for …”

M. Muether, B. Heuser, L. Virnich, A. Guedden, T. Luediger, D. van der Put Development trends towards CO2-neutral powertrains for HD applications S. 529-550

„… measures: first, optimization of usage; second, electrification of the powertrain; third, an increase in …” „… employ a combination of measures. For the first time in Europe, the CO2 legislation is linked to a …” „… efficiency improvements, electrification of the powertrain and optimization of vehicle usage through smart …”

D. Morgenweck, M. Großmann, W. Fakler, M. Lamke, F. Bitzer ZF E-Mobility Software Functions for Commercial Vehicles S. 703-718

„… features in hardware has a major impact on development time, robustness, quality, and predictability …” „… right diagram of Fig. 7. The 45 km mark is reached almost within the same amount of time. Fig. 8 also …” „… . Future efforts aim for the usage in connection with ZF-EMS. This further increases the ability to save …”

C. Schmidt, H. Dhejne, J. Karlsson High Efficient 2 speed e-Axle – Highly efficient and shiftable under load S. 145-158

„… development 1 Introduction At the moment, these are demanding and exciting times in the field of …” „… depends on the driving strategy of the target vehicle and the usage of second gear. If first gear is …” „… achieve a short time to marked and to have as mutch communality between the products as possible. This …”

M. Häßler, O. Werner The Pendulum Rocker Damper – Providing flexible damper characteristics for hybrid powertrains S. 329-346

„… time overcomes this limitation. The transmission ratios of roller equipped cam mechanisms give the …” „… requires an accordingly high torsional angle at the same time. Therefore, the spring elements have to …” „… further springs with generally different spring rates, which at the same time means a restriction to …”

F. Müller-Deile Advanced design of electric machines for trailers with electric axles S. 653-668

„… of (free) capacity would be sufficiently large to store this amount of energy, i.e. roughly 15 times …” „… while always maintaining vehicle stability at the same time. Both systems have all of the relevant …” „… reduce usage of diesel fuel. As a result, additional mechanical stress on kingpin is avoided. The major …”

J. De Landtsheere TREMEC HYbrid DRive Axle – HYDRA – Hybridization enables RWD dynamics in a FWD car S. 125-144

„… acceleration time by virtue of improved traction. Some vehicles are now producing around 300 kW resulting in 4 …” „… acceleration time is achieved without any modification to the ICE. Simulated vehicle: - Front engined …” „… really enhance the driving experience by maximizing usage of the rear axle for traction, as well as …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023815

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

ELIV 2021

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2384 2021

Results in this title

J. Klesing, P. Schmitt Chassis Health Management – End-to-End Architecture and Methods S. 105-116

„… Time-to-Failure and automatically determines the root cause of a failure. The proposed underlying framework …” „… time-series data constitute fault symptoms (Fig. 13). Component models provide insights from time series data …” „… Reasoner in Fig. 16). By using additional information from a batch of time-series data, a machine-learned …”

F. von Bulow, F. Heinrich, T. Meisen A new perspective for manufacturers: Cloud-based utilization of operational fleet data S. 117-130

„… for manufacturers enabling the integration of real-world fleet usage data into the manufacturer’s …” „… exist in vehicles for a long time, but it is only today, with the evolution of centralized …” „… satisfying quality and customer needs. However, customer needs and usage of the machines are not always …”

A. Hohm, B. Hartmann, S. Khodaverdian, D. Bosch, B. Lattke, P. Keck The Evolution of Automation in Parking – Assisted, Automated, Autonomous S. 61-74

„… annoying and time-consuming task. This can be strongly supported by some impressive dimensions [1 …” „… ]: Searching for parking spaces costs Americans 73bn $/year, time for searching a parking space in New York …” „… : 107 hours per year and driver Searching for parking spaces costs Germans 40bn $/year, time for …”

D. Bartlett, S. Sesia, T. Yuan Liu Hybrid collaborative positioning/navigation scheme for performance enhancements and local perception improvement for automated driving S. 47-60

„… , computational marvel. There are several points in time where new technology and new availability created a …” „… untrusted by default for the first time. Analogies to Vehicle Electronic Architecture The evolution of …” „… architecture in one picture, we will present each layer one at a time, showing how they build on each other …”

S. Selitrennikoff, M. Ortegon-Cabrera Architecting for Secure, Safe and Agile Software Defined Vehicles – Learnings from the Personal Computer industry S. 395-408

„… , computational marvel. There are several points in time where new technology and new availability created a …” „… hardware untrusted by default for the first time. Analogies to Vehicle Electronic Architecture The …” „… architecture in one picture, we will present each layer one at a time, showing how they build on each other …”

C. Heer, J. C. Gobel, D. Mollahassani, S. Forte Future Collaboration Ecosystem for Automotive Microelectronic Innovation Processes S. 295-308

„… to reduce the time-tomarket in smart mobility engineering innovative processes, methods and IT tools …” „… device driven by a human. At the same time, a transformation of mobility takes place, which will go hand …” „… very long time till the start of production (SOP). Different development approaches or methods within …”

S. Wonneberger, S. Balci Reliable Validation of Highly Automated Driving Functions by Increasing the Virtualization Level of High Performance Computing Platforms and Smart Sensors S. 17-28

„… VDI-Berichte Nr. 2384, 2021 23 provides the central simulation synchronization to all underlying time-based …” „… validation of those systems, the amount of scenarios and test-cases requires the usage of data center …” „… specific domain usage such as body control, vehicle motion, infotainment and connectivity or - as focus of …”

M. Gresser, M. Mende, M. D. Rabe, B. Baker, A. Unger Graph-based Vehicle Diagnostics using Machine Learning S. 131-142

„… identify the root cause of a malfunction at all times. This results in expensive and time-consuming …” „… , NASA presented timed fault propagation digraphs for real-time fault diagnostics of industrial plants …” „… graph is its fault cause in ? ? . Temporal Vehicle Graph In order to incorporate time-dependent …”

J. Becker, D. Pangercic A Safety-Certified Vehicle OS to Enable Software-Defined Vehicles S. 435-446

„… real-time execution. Nondeterministic runtime memory allocations, blocking calls, and usage of standard STL …” „… time-consuming. We reverted to individual solutions for each tool. Summary and Outlook We have been able to …” „… , real-time execution, and with automotive functional safety certification. We draw an analogy to the field …”

K. Renatus, A. Unger, B. Baker, O. Manicke Machine learning approach towards remote diagnostics and repair of electric vehicle charging processes S. 163-174

„… during their usage. Therefore, this paper firstly suggests using machine learning to allow vehicles to …” „… based on trial and error. An agent sequentially interacts in discrete time steps ? with its …” „… during usage phase of an EV. The distributed system of EV and EVSE can be seen as the RL agent’s …”

K. Saad, A. Sligar, R. Kipp, J. Decker, D. Rey, S. M. Canta Ansys Real Time Physics Based Radar Simulation – An Enabler for Machine Learning in the Context of Autonomous Driving S. 83-94

„… in real time/faster than real time. The simulation, which is based on an arbitrary 3D scene/actor …” „… Ansys Real Time Physics Based Radar Simulation An Enabler for Machine Learning in the Context of …” „… electromagnetic applications, Ansys physics-based Real Time Radar (RTR) introduces a new paradigm for sensor …”

F. Rundo Perceptive Advanced Car-driver Drowsiness Monitoring Neuro-Embedded System S. 317-330

„… (Pulse Rate Variability) indicator, detected starting from the PPG time-series. Another different …” „… times of cardiac contraction between consecutive beats), could be used as second level monitor of the …” „… distinguish drowsy driver from wakeful ones through ad-hoc pipeline based on the usage of adaptive filters …”

L. Gonzales-Fuentes, M. Harihar, M. Cassol Trajectory tracking using Neural Network for Autonomous Driving Systems S. 75-82

„… feedback control systems for agile flight trajectory [4] or linear time-invariant motion planning [5] have …” „… or time-varying value as shown in a traditional MPC system in Fig. 1. Traditional methods might use …” „… dynamics can be represented with a linear time-invariant (LTI) system following the variables such as …”

C. Schwager Transformation of the Software Integration Process S. 215-222

„… integration branches should be combined as this phase is still highly time-consuming. 4. Co-Integration as …” „… of time and space. Connecting systems and services inside and outside vehicles opens new …” „… easy to open the time frame for integration from a concentrated point in time to a longer period. But …”

S. Alexander, F. Borrelli, M. Pfeifle Real-time Contextual Intelligence Services for Connected Electrified Vehicles S. 509-522

„… time-to-charge predictions, are a prerequisite for high-precision journey ETA and preventing EV drivers getting …” „… Time to Charge Prediction Accuracy. EV models typically have only two time-to-charge signals in the …” „… precise time-to-charge prediction to any SoC level and is based on actual battery SoH, allowing for the …”

T. Fuchs, O. Manicke, M. Zinser, B. Baker Automotive digital twin: An approach for isolating and virtual validating of software updates in end-to-end architectures based on customer vehicles S. 223-236

„… correctness, dependencies, and communication failures. A time-dependent vector of stimuli ? is used as the …” „… multi-physical, scalable, precise, and real-time simulations, enhances testing of software in customer vehicles …” „… identify e. g. Worst-Case-Execution-Times (WCET) [9]. Requirements for either integration or testing of …”

D. Mehlig, M. Muller, J. Treier, A. Loges Long distance e-mobility in the trade-off between battery capacity & charging power – Battery immersion cooling as enabler technology? S. 545-562

„… charging time. Based on a customer analysis, this paper analyses different vehicle configurations for a …” „… battery capacity was increased more than four times higher. The same technical trend could be seen on …” „… points to realize reduced charging times with higher charging power. Leading European provider are for …”

T. Nindl Wireless Charging Systems for EVs – The answer to the consumers demand! S. 505-508

„… become a clear statement for going with the spirit of the time. However, one subject has changed …” „… kind of battery size fits best for my vehicle and my daily usage?”. All these are valid questions and …” „… willing to plug-in a charging cable, identify and register 4 times a day, just to get enough energy for a …”

C. Cremers, P. Hubertus, R. Laszlo, M. Pfeifle, O. Muratov Augmented Reality Guidance based on 6D Positioning and HD Lanes S. 367-380

„… the same time - maintain passenger comfort levels. An electronic horizon powered by HD map data also …” „… estimate movement of a vehicle in a short time window, with very high accuracy and low latency. However …” „… over time. The output of VIO is passed into the Pose fusion module. This block combines multiple …”

O. Bitsche How to solve the trade-off between vehicle dynamics, traveling time and CO2 emissions. The CO2-Life Cycle Assessment for the Porsche Taycan S. 523-532

„… How to solve the trade-off between vehicle dynamics, traveling time and CO2 emissions. The CO2 …” „… less than 450 km. - For long distance travel the customer focuses on traveling time (driving and …” „… ”, “traveling time” and “driving dynamics” a limitation of battery capacity in combination with fast charging …”

M. Ghivari, D. Chakraborty State of Health and State of Charge Estimation method – A Machine Learning based hybrid approach S. 605-612

„… rated performance w.r.t capacity and power itself decreases over time due to usage cycles. So in the …” „… , resulting in frequent charging of the battery. Statistically, for automotive usage, any SOH of less than 80 …”

M. Wachs, J. Jager, A. Berthold The Crossroads of Automotive Security and GDPR S. 623-640

„… information about the vehicle, its state and usage such as current position, time and date of use …” „… providing vehicle usage and status information to OEMs and fleet management solution providers which …” „… information, vehicle location, vehicle status and usage information. Affected stakeholder: vehicle owner …”

H. Zeltwanger CAN XL: The third CAN protocol generation S. 309-316

„… . For real-time control networks and mission-critical tasks high-reliable network technologies are …” „… access sub-layer, and the usage of the layer management functions. Some background information Since …” „… XL controllers would use 64-bit time stamps, which cannot wrap around during life time. TF higher …”

U. Bodenhausen Make AI Testing Meaningful – From Understanding to Mastering of AI Testing S. 151-162

„… base and test-time data augmentation. The principles should be spread in the automotive industry …” „… improvement as well as testing throughout the project. Test-Time Data Augmentation These principles and …” „… . 2384, 2021 157 Test-Time Data Augmentation Data augmentation is a method to ease the effect of …”

S. Kraus Automotive Software Development – Is it Different? S. 187-196

„… innovations in the field of propulsion, but their importance has diminished over time. Very quickly …” „… innovation over time. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2384, 2021 187 embedded system. This kind of software is modular …” „… several customer operating systems at the same time. Both, integration of their own code during …”

J. P. Mercier, O. Ploix Modular, standardized, and innovative Power Electronics for Automotive S. 533-544

„… cost while at the same time an important technological evolution is presented with the generalization …” „… that were originally intended for industrial usages. This leads to a situation where the offer is …” „… side cooling – base plate compatible with TIM, soldering and sintering processes 750 / 1200 V …”

O. Kath Model-Based Systems Engineering accelerated S. 205-214

„… . We shall support agile system architecture development & design, including real-time cross-function …” „… usage focused modeling, in our opinion easy to learn, easy to use, and – if done right - easy to access …”

J. Langkau, S. Wenz, T. V. Fernandez, L. Pullen, A. Tekavčič, N. Jezeršek, A. Wagner Electric Charge Lid – System components for future charge lid systems S. 475-488

„… eLA can cover a wide charge lid actuating time range from 0.5 sec to 5 sec. With new charge lid …” „… , acoustics, and EMC (Electro Magnetic Capability), the usage of BLDC motors was pushed in the last years …” „… of the time variation of these measurement signals, a pattern recognition is performed and thus the …”

B. Kleinsteinberg, A. Hohenhovel Towards lead-acid free 12 V power supply for electrified vehicles and highly automated driving functions S. 593-604

„… parking, when control systems are in sleep mode and are awake frequently for a short time only. 2 …” „… agile maneuvers, start/stop, etc. [3] A further field of usage is providing a 12 V board-net for …” „… multiple times for redundancy and safety. The expected capacity of a 12 V board-net battery for a BEV …”

F. A. Schiegg, I. Llatser, H. Tchouankem, T. Frye, F. Wildschutte, F. Hofmann Removing Blind Spots – Infrastructure-assisted Collective Perception S. 29-44

„… maximizing the value of transmitted information is needed to optimize the wireless channel usage …” „… . Introduction Mobility is one of the essential drivers of modern times. A world without vehicles is …” „… objects (motorized vehicles, pedestrians, and cyclists) in the observed traffic space in terms of time …”

O. Meyer, B. Bohlen Applying Standards for future Vehicle Diagnostic and Vehicle Lifecycle Management S. 409-422

„… requirement? For the time being probably yes. But if we look into the future additional requirements yearn to …” „… of all usage scenarios: onboard, proximity and remote, • Integration of existing authentication and …” „… technologies and does cover the different usage scenarios, albeit with some restrictions mentioned below. It …”

M. Kruppa Digital Light for Digital Live S. 339-350

„… technologies are needed and have to be adapted for the usage in automotive lighting applications. The …” „… mirrors to be tilted at a rate of up to 5,000 times per second. Depending on the setting, the light is …”

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K. Fuchs, G. Hasenbichler How Data-driven Approaches Enhance Agile and Quality-assured Software Development for AD S. 663-672

„… VDI-Berichte Nr. 2423, 2023 669Furthermore, to accelerate software development efficiency and time-to-market …” „… sector some time ago and are performing more and more tasks – and doing so across systems. Today …” „… performance levels of the implemented automated function. At the same time development duration and cost need …”

U. Bodenhausen How to Become a Leader by Development of AI – ChatGPT Research Papers Analysed S. 281-292

„… ., et al., “Attention Is All You Need”, NIPS 2017 [6] Bodenhausen, U., Waibel, A., Adjusting Time-Delays …” „… • Automated driving • Innovative user interfaces • Predictive maintenance. The general pattern of usage of is …” „… domain that, even in Machine Learning friendly environments, had for a long time been subject to “manual …”

S. K S, Tata Elxsi, N. Velinov Software-Defined Vehicle: Combining Real-Time Safety Critical Functions with Cloud Connectivity S. 543-558

„… Software-Defined Vehicle: Combining Real-Time Safety Critical Functions with Cloud Connectivity …” „… safety-critical real-time Driver Monitoring System (DMS) with cloud-based non-critical applications. It explains …” „… how a software platform based on Green Hills Software’s INTEGRITY Real-Time Operating System (RTOS …”

T. Hinzmann Achieving Ubiquitous Connectivity for Future Vehicles S. 331-346

„… methodology for algorithms and math will replace the traditional time-consuming trial-and-error beamforming …” „… their product, meaning the vehicle during usage over its lifetime. That’s why they are highly …” „… by providing real-time, highly reliable, and actionable information flows to enable safety, mobility …”

H. Ghezali, L. Trautmann, S. Witke, S. Herbold A Review of using Artificial Intelligence in Large Projects for Requirements Classification S. 573-588

„… time-consuming and error-prone when performed manually, under the assumption that tens of thousands of …” „… usage of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to perform these assignments automatically in an industrial …” „… approach the assignment time can be reduced significantly, especially in acquisitions of short duration …”

O. Kotte, L. Beermann, D. Ziegenbein, S. Ravi, M. Vinnakota Master Algorithm for Event-based Co-Simulation with FMI 3.0 for Timing Accurate Software-in-the-Loop S. 447-462

„… validation of time-critical systems. In this paper, we present a master algorithm (MA) for event-based …” „… accurately test and validate time-critical systems. This allows for frontloading in the design phase and cost …” „… simulation FMU, of the different time-based Clock types specified, the aperiodic changing Clock is most …”

D. Cotterle, M. Hofmann How to Improve EV Battery Cell Quality – Making Test a Competitive Advantage S. 211-222

„… impedance but are more time-consuming and require specialized equipment. Fig. 2: DC-IR Measurement ACIR …” „… internal leakage current. Unfortunately, this technique is time-consuming and does not produce repeatable …” „… usage, and each one behaves a little differently. Combine this ambiguity with the necessity to boost …”

L. Li, M. Schlecker, T. Zipper AI-Based Energy Management of Next Generation Architectures S. 391-404

„… environment, time point, duration, and interval of the usage of specific functions, as well as the preferred …” „… driver usage patterns and preferences. By understanding these patterns, the energy distribution becomes …” „… the same time, the electric consumption continuous to increase due to the increasing number of …”

A. Weichslgartner Automotive Software Vulnerabilities: Strategies for Early Detection, Mitigation, and Prevention in the Software-Development-Lifecycle S. 463-478

„… the cost and complexity increases with time of the software development lifecycle, it is crucial to …” „… considered CVEs. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2423, 2023466Figure 3 shows the development over time of selected CWEs. It …” „… agile development parts the V can be iterated several times for each product increment and delivery …”

J. Schlosser, J. Petersohn Maintaining Open-Source based Software S. 267-280

„… development offers cost ef-ficiency and faster time-to-market. However, this approach introduces challenges …” „… a complex and time-consuming process. The need to ensure compatibility with newer kernel versions …” „… dependencies, can be a time-consuming task. Resolving hardware issues triggered by new software features may be …”

A. Matarage A leap in innovation – What European OEMs can learn from Chinese OEMs in terms of User Experience S. 503-518

„… Amazon’s celebration day revolves almost exclusively around time-limited special offers and price drops …” „… improved their standards – at times even surpassing some of the most prestigious European brands! The …” „… foreign countries). It is that time period that officially marks the beginning of the numerous joint …”

G. Shirasat, T. Dannemann Snapdragon Ride Flex SoC: The central compute solution that’s bringing the SDV vision to reality S. 253-266

„… microservice or incumbent real-time operating system (RTOS) based or a combination of both. In case of the …” „… the developer feedback. The developer feedback can be defined as the time it takes for a developer to …” „… deployment. The key requirement in addition to typical MLOps is to reduce the reprocessing time (time taken …”

N. Pfullmann Electrified commercial vehicle trailers – how to turn a conventional trailer into a hybrid vehicle S. 703-710

„… , which are currently in development. The trailer on the other hand was for a long time primarily seen as …” „… based on ZF’s axle program for trucks and bus applications and specifically adapted for usage on a …” „… VDI-Berichte Nr. 2423, 2023 707will take time until a sufficient market share of trucks, which are capable to …”

T. Löhr, B. Bauer Supply chain security risks of software driven products S. 479-496

„… . Real-time supply chain visibility solutions are invaluable tools for monitoring shipments and inventory …” „… this by providing real-time insights into potential issues. The development and maintenance of a robust …” „… with licensing agreements, open-source software usage, and other legal and regulatory requirements. In …”

P. Laufer Estimation of Gender and Age of Vehicle Occupants Using Deep Learning S. 27-38

„… data augmentation (right). To minimize inference time for age and gender estimation and reduce the …” „… this VDI-Berichte Nr. 2423, 2023 33scenario involved seatbelt usage, it experienced challenges such as …”

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