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VDI Wissensforum GmbH - International Conference on Gears 2017

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

International Conference on Gears 2017

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2294 2017

Results in this title

J. I. Pedrero, M. Pleguezuelos, M. B. Sánchez Load sharing model for spur gears with tip relief – An investigation on the influence of profile modifications on the mesh stiffness S. 795-806

„… ) provides an easy way to calculate the wheel tip relief R ( ) to ensure a given load sharing ratio R …” „… Load sharing model for spur gears with tip relief An investigation on the influence of profile …” „… . Miryam B. Sánchez, UNED, Madrid, Spain Abstract The tooth deflections under load, and consequent …”

B. Sievers, M. Berger, J. Hermes Technical guideline for the quality determination of bronze S. 479-490

„… published in 2017, establishes a common understanding for the quality of bronze used for worm wheels. The …” „… their vastly different load bearing capacities. The example shows the need for revising the present …” „… consideration of the worm wheel material in the German standard DIN 3996 [3] and the international technical …”

B. Kohn, T. Utakapan, M. Fromberger, M. Otto, K. Stahl Flank modifications for optimal excitation behaviour S. 1319-1330

„… modification on the wheel was adapted to a crowning on the pinion. The crowning improves the load carrying …” „… gearboxes, several goals must be fulfilled namely a high load carrying capacity, a low noise mesh design for …” „… a desired load range and the manufacturability. A conventional approach in order to achieve these …”

L. Zhao, R. C. Frazer, B. A. Shaw The influence of overlap ratio on transmission error in parallel axis gears S. 939-952

„… the sensitivity of involute gear TE with different overlap ratios, under the same load intensity, by …” „… predominant source of noise in gears and is a good control parameter for minimising noise and dynamic load …” „… the drive gear to the driven gear under constant load conditions. Fig. 1: Transmission error …”

J. Thomas, C. Wirth Determination and improvement of bevel gear efficiency by means of loaded TCA S. 707-718

„… regarding gear efficiency considering different speeds, loads and deflections in shafts. This paper shows …” „… load cycle calculations and corresponding axis positions under load are taken into account as well as …” „… conflicts between load capacity, noise (NVH) and gear efficiency are shown as well. 1. Basic …”

B. Schlecht, T. Schulze, K. Riedel Tooth contact analysis under load on double helical-geared planetary gearboxes S. 83-96

„… Tooth Contact Analysis under Load on Double Helical-Geared Planetary Gearboxes Prof. Dr.-Ing …” „… high gear transmission ratios with a small need of installation space and weight, since the loads are …” „… about the whole system with a detailed load distribution along the path of contact of all tooth …”

M. Baar, P. Oster, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Theoretical investigations of the load distribution of small sized crown gear sets different material pairings S. 1593-1610

„… Theoretical investigations of the load distribution of small sized crown gear sets different …” „… calculation of the load distribution on the flank of crown gears, based on the theory according Placzek [5 …” „… considerations, the impact of the stiffness, the helix angel and the offset on the local force or load …”

P. Norgauer, W. Sigmund, D. Kadach, K. Stahl Comprehensive simulation methods for crossed helical gear sets with the main focus on the calculation of contact patterns S. 353-362

„… calculation functions: Main geometry Tolerances (ISO 1328, DIN 3961, DIN 3974) Load carrying capacity …” „… distances during meshing are used to analyse the position and size of the contact pattern without load and …” „… load distribution of crossed helical gears has been developed by FZG. Thereby influences from …”

J. Reißmann, E. Leidich Computation of the tooth root strength of Worm Wheels with a calculation program based on local stresses S. 373-394

„… tested under static and dynamic loads. Therefore, a lot of specimens were made of cutted worm wheel …” „… computation program in the tooth root fillet of the worm wheel. It shows the maximal bearable load during …” „… Computation of the tooth root strength of Worm Wheels with a calculation program based on local …”

R. Meissner, M. Liewald, T. Benkert, M. Hiller, W. Volk Multi-component gearwheels and their manufacturing processes S. 1299-1306

„… from high strength steel supports the high local loads mentioned above and a lightweight wheel body …” „… lightweight objective. The forged wheel bodies support higher loads at lower weight than the stapled sheet …” „… gearwheels consist of three pieces: a gear ring including teeth, a shaft and a wheel body that connects …”

A. Lohrengel, M. Heß Thrust cone bearings provide increased efficiency for helical gear units at moderate speed levels – Indications for possible energy saving potential in an expanded field of application S. 231-242

„… on the wheel shaft operates only as positioning without load from the helical gear pair. The …” „… bearable loads under mixed friction conditions for various thrust cone design configurations are …” „… pinion and flank the opposing wheel. The conical shape of the thrust cones and the contact surfaces …”

S.-J. Tsai, L.-C. Chang, C.-H. Huang Design of cycloid planetary gear drives with tooth number difference of two – a comparative study on contact characteristics and load analysis S. 61-74

„… Study on Contact Characteristics and Load Analysis Prof. S.-J. Tsai, VDI, L.-C. Chang, C.-H. Huang …” „… performances in load sharing and shock absorbing ability because of multiple tooth pairs in contact …” „… requirements on precise motion. To this purpose, the loads acting on the contact tooth pairs and the cranks …”

I. Atanasovska, H. Abderazek Comparative analysis of few new procedures for spur gears tooth profile optimization with different methods and aspects S. 1169-1176

„… tooth profile parameters have a great effect on the load capacity, working life, efficiency and dynamic …” „… the research community in recent years in order to reach the gears with high load capacity and in same …” „… contact stiffness as function of external loads [4]. Only the “characteristic” points of the path of …”

J. Fechler, M. Böhm, S. Aberle, V. Merz A contribution to the NVH behavior of plastic gears in automotive applications S. 1531-1540

„… longitudinal position of the seat. The gear set consists of a worm gear out of plastic and a worm wheel out of …” „… wheel (metal) and results in a higher TE. The dashed line shows the confirmation of the simulation …” „… concept. The worm and the worm wheel of a noisy gearbox have been digitized via computer tomography and …”

C. Gorla, E. Conrado, F. Rosa, F. Concli Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) for gears: manufacturing, performances and tests S. 977-988

„… pair wheel - 1.024 Application Factor - 1.000 Dynamic Factor - 1.060 1.057 1.054 Face Load Factor …” „… specimen, during tests, the same load is applied at equal heights to the two teeth under test. Before …” „… pre-load is applied, in order to ”clamp” two teeth between the two anvils. Then the pin is removed, and …”

Z. Roth, J. Opferkuch High load capacity gear root fillet contour with a bézier curve S. 719-732

„… High Load Capacity Gear Root Fillet Contour with a Bézier Curve Dipl.-Ing. Zsolt Roth VDI …” „… the stress distribution is not so much influenced by the external load but largely by the design of …” „… natural shape transitions have adapted themselves naturally, for example to wind loads and growth. On …”

J. J. Liou, S. Rakuff The development of worm drives S. 503-516

„… .: Load Carrying Capacity of Screw Helical Gears with Steel Pinions and Plastic Wheels. VDI International …” „… load-carrying capacities and high wear rates. This paper provides a comprehensive compilation of …” „… ; therefore, the load capacity for worm drives is relatively limited and friction greatly affects the …”

S. T. Ping, Y. M. Shao, L. M. Wang, H. W. Li, J. Xu, Y. Cheng, J. Liu The influence of mesh misalignment on planetary gear set with time-varying mesh stiffness S. 219-230

„… line and the load distribution due to mesh misalignment are obtained by dividing the tooth into …” „… of manufacturing errors and assembly variations on dynamic load sharing factor [1]. Velex proposed a …” „… Influence of manufacturing errors on the planetary gear stresses and planet load sharing [5]. Hotait …”

Y. Shen, S. Rinderknecht, M. Hoppert General modelling method of power losses in transmission with parameter identification S. 905-916

„… flanks of the wheel and the pinion (A- the start point of the contact; B,C- point of the load switching …” „… losses in a transmission consist of load dependent power losses and load independent power losses, which …” „… divided into load dependent power losses and load independent power losses . The is evoked mainly by …”

B. Schlecht, C. Ulrich, J. Bräunig Investigations on the influence of anisotropic material properties of gear teeth on their macroscopic behavior S. 659-668

„… evaluated before using the new method. Besides investigations regarding the load capacity, the dynamic …” „… behavior of the gear wheels is also very important, particularly in regard to the noise excitation in …” „… the reference specimen in the middle of the gear wheel body, see also Fig. 2. As expected, the …”

H. Schreiber, T. Röthlingshöfer Kinematic classification of a gearbox comprising separate thrusted teeth and its advantages regarding existing approaches S. 267-280

„… . 1.1-2 follows. Fig. 1.1-1: Planetary gearbox scheme [4] [5] 1…Sun 2…Hollow Wheel P…Planet …” „… Wheel Planets Planet Carrier Sun VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 2017268 1.2. Strain Wave Gearbox The basic …” „… resulting bearing capacity. Furthermore, simple cylinders can substitute the hollow wheel. Disadvantageous …”

S. Vonderschmidt, A. Vonderschmidt, R. Vonderschmidt A novel magnetic angular transmission S. 591-602

„… transmission examined in this paper, consists of three components: an outer magnetic wheel, a modulator and an …” „… inner magnetic wheel. The outer magnetic wheel typically has a large number of poles, and it corresponds …” „… analogous to the planetary gear carrier; the inner magnetic wheel, also called the sun gear as it’s …”

M. Oehler, B. Magyar, B. Sauer A new standardizable calculation method to predict the efficiency of worm gear drives S. 363-372

„… Fig. 1 middle). In order to be able to model the kinematic conditions of the worm and worm wheel, the …” „… division curves for the load-carrying contact ratio derived with a self-developed software, the rate of …” „… ) Here, T2 is the output torque on the worm wheel shaft, ω1 is the angular velocity of the drive shaft …”

P. Garambois, E. Rigaud, J. Perret-Liaudet Robust optimization of gear macro and micro-geometries in order to minimize static transmission error and gear stiffness fluctuations S. 927-938

„… static equilibrium of the gear pair for a set of successive positions of the driving wheel, and is well …” „… Transmission Error (STE) is the difference between the real position of the output wheel and the position it …” „… would occupy if the wheels were perfect. The computation of the STE of a gear transmission submitted to …”

M. F. Stangl, U. Kissling, A. Pogacnik A procedure to find best fitting dresser with grinding worm for a new design S. 1307-1318

„… optimal profile modification for a certain load and gear macro geometry is also well known …” „… acceptable. Dressers, used to reshape the grinder worm wheel, have a reduced thickness at reference line …” „… moving the dresser in the axial direction of the worm wheel. It is possible to change the length and the …”

Y. Wang, B. Peng, G. Liu, L. Liu Design of transmission accuracy of the involute cylindrical gear-worm gear system under large temperature difference based on FE method S. 491-502

„… radial deviation of the tooth corresponding to the driving wheel, '' 2if is the radial deviation of the …” „… tooth corresponding to the driven wheel, ωt31j is the circumferential backlash caused by the radial …” „… deviation of the driving wheel, ωt32j is the circumferential backlash caused by the radial deviation of the …”

E. Rigaud, P.-H. Cornuault, B. Bazin, E. Grandais-Menant Prediction of the vibroacoustic response of an electric window-lift gear motor S. 635-648

„… the gear wheel eccentricity. The computing of the vibroacoustic response is performed using an …” „… polyoxymethylene (POM) helical gear wheel in order to reduce the rotation speed and increase the output torque …” „… two curved pads acting as axial stops and mounted at each of the rotor ends. Finally, the gear wheel …”

R. Müller, L. Schirmer New tolerance concepts for the realization of steel-only worm gears S. 467-478

„… wheel and worm as well as the lack of running-in characteristics. Therefore, an optimal contact pattern …” „… wheel and worm datums and references must be adjusted in comparison to the currently used design …” „… motivation Currently used worm gears or worm drives consist of a worm made out of steel and a worm wheel …”

M. Ophey, F. Klocke, C. Löpenhaus Approach for modeling grinding worm wear S. 1365-1378

„… improve the load-carrying capacity and the running behavior of gears, it is state of the art to grind …” „… wheels [7], on the influence on the near surface zone [8] as well as on the calculation of the cutting …” „… of movement between the active partners as well as the applied load. © WZL Fig. 1: Scheme of a …”

A. Carbonelli, J.-Y. Guerder Computing and minimizing the whining noise – Application to a bogie gearbox S. 517-526

„… by the gearbox. They generate dynamic mesh forces which are transmitted to the housing through wheel …” „… is a real railway gearbox which includes wheels, axle, stator, and motor as well as the housing and …” „… micrometric scale and to elastic deformation of loaded teeth, wheel bodies and crankshafts. STE fluctuations …”

T. Utakapan, B. Kohn, M. Fromberger, M. Otto, K. Stahl Evaluation of gear noise behaviour with application force level S. 695-706

„… , topology of gearboxes, number of teeth, etc. In the latter stages, load distribution on the gear face can …” „… Macro geometries Symbol Pinion Wheel Unit Normal module 3 mm Pressure angle 20 ° Helix angle -21 21 …” „… geometries are to be applied to the wheel. The micro geometries are shown in Table 3. Table 3: Micro …”

C. Weber, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Investigation on the flank surface durability of gears with increased pressure angle S. 173-184

„… running time of each test run was 50·106 load cycles on pinion. The flanks of the pinion and of the wheel …” „… 0325244C, BMWi - Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy of Germany), the load-carrying capacity …” „… gears with modified tooth shape (αn = 28°) are discussed with focus on the load carrying capacity of …”

N. Sagraloff, M. Hein, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Practical use of micropitting test results according to FVA 54/7 for calculation of micropitting load capacity acc. to ISO/TR 15144-1 S. 143-152

„… load capacity acc. to ISO/TR 15144-1 M. Sc. Nadine Sagraloff, Dipl.-Ing. Michael Hein, Dr.-Ing …” „… micropitting load capacity according to ISO/TR 15144-1 for specific gear drives under given operating …” „… . First, a step test for predefined load stages with increasing torque is performed. Result of this step …”

E. Tamura, R. Nemoto, N. Seyama, E. Tanaka Load carrying capacity of crossed helical gears with high contact ratio S. 1139-1144

„… Load Carrying Capacity of Crossed Helical Gears with High Contact Ratio Prof. E. Tamura, Prof …” „… speed and loading, machine elements, namely, gears, traction drives, rolling bearings, wheels, etc. are …” „… point extends over a small ellipse due to elastic deformation under applying load. In addition, high …”

T. Schöler, H. Binz, M. Bachmann Method for the pre-dimensioning of beveloid gears – Efficient design of main gearing data S. 565-578

„… load capacity [5]. Börner therefore concluded that for a known load distribution, the load capacity of …” „… ]. Other previous studies focused on the calculation both of stresses on the tooth root [4] and the load …” „… dimensioned with respect to their load capacity and application requirements. The application of …”

A. Pogacnik, S. Beermann Measuring permissible root/flank stress of plastic gears according to the VDI 2736-4 S. 1541-1552

„… conclusion, some remaining problems are discussed. For the calculation of achievable life time or for loads …” „… should be measured at 4 different loads, each being repeated at least 3 times. In total, at least 12 …” „… number of load cycles, a variable for the logarithm of the number of load cycles is introduced for …”

C. Peng, C. Li, B. Chen Development of a test rig for transmission performances of precision planetary reducer S. 1127-1132

„… planetary reducers, a test rig has been designed and developed. The test rig consists of lock device, load …” „… advantages: large transmission ratio, minimum transmission error, high torsional rigidity and large load …” „… test of harmonic drive, and a test rig used counterweight to load has been set up. Compared with …”

C. Brecher, C. Löpenhaus, J. Brimmers Potential of free flank modifications for beveloid gears S. 553-564

„… front axle in a four wheel drive vehicle. The small need of design space and the reduced amount of …” „… modifications for three different load steps proves that free flank modifications offer a higher durability and …” „… marine transmissions, for the application within four wheel drive vehicles and robot transmissions …”

C. Zhang, H. Liu, C. W. Yao, Y. Li Study of vibration for spur gears of tooth profile modification and experimental validation of modification method S. 527-538

„… low-speed and light-load condition, the vibration amplitudes are enhanced by modification, but for …” „… high-speed and heavy-load condition, the gear vibration amplitudes are reduced greatly. The optimum …” „… modification can effectively slow mutation of meshing stiffness and reduce the dynamic load of gear. 1 …”

L. Geng, N. Mimi, L. Lan, Z. Ying, W. Liyan Mesh stiffness of cylindrical gear including tooth surface – Friction based on FEA method S. 807-814

„… are compared in this paper. The effects of loads and friction coefficient on mesh stiffness of helical …” „… determined the load distribution in the meshing plane and the mesh stiffness without friction and oil film …” „… pinion and wheel, 222121 /)1(/)1( EνEνη , and E1 and E2 are the Young's modulus, v1 and v2 are the …”

D. Strasser, S. Troll, R. Sperlich, J. Münch Reliability safeguarding for an 8 MW wind energy gearbox in serial production – Prototype and process development ensuring stable quality at the highest level S. 1085-1100

„… is safeguarded by comprehensive simulations considering the drivetrain loads. Deformation and load …” „… studies are used to apply optimized tooth modifications as well as to verify load distribution for …” „… combines the power flow again (Figure 2). The concept allows using comparably small gear wheels and small …”

C. Hasl, P. Oster, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Bending strength of oil-lubricated cylindrical plastic gears – Modified bending strength calculation based on VDI 2736 S. 1649-1660

„… , load-induced deflections strongly affect the tooth root stresses. In this work, a modified method for …” „… plastic gears. Experimental results with steel-plastic spur gear pairings prove that load …” „… ] , actual contact ratio [8] nominal tangential load dynamic factor [2] dynamic factor of the …”

P. Tenberge, D. Kupka, T. Panéro Influential criteria on the optimization of a gearbox, with application to an automatic transmission S. 253-266

„… performing a load spectrum calculation, we have to consider the carrier deformation of the planetary stages …” „… results have an effect on the shaft deflections and the gear load distributions, and thus indirectly on …” „… The model is a 6AT gearbox concept with power variation on the input. Different load spectra are …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… Material D. Talbot, Simulation of gear wear using a dynamic load 5 A. Kahraman distribution model M. Ebner …” „… difference of two – a comparative study on C.-H. Huang contact characteristics and load analysis This …” „… manufacturing N. Drivakos, deviations I. Nerantzis B. Schlecht, Tooth contact analysis under load on double …”

M. Kalin, A. Kupec Wear and Fatigue Behaviour of Polymer Gears under Controlled Temperature Conditions S. 1637-1648

„… materials. However, the temperatures – even for the same load and velocity – vary greatly with testing …” „… suggests that the results from different tests and even different load levels, which are not temperature …” „… sensitive to frictional heating; therefore, during the tribological testing, besides the load and velocity …”

M. Koop, E. Melnikov, V. Merz Design investigations and indications for acoustical optimized gear meshes using plastic gears S. 1519-1530

„… overlap ratios change dramatically when loads are applied, therefore the optimum of the theoretical …” „… , non-deformed calculated contact ratios shifts while under load. It can be seen that there is not a specific …” „… optimum at all load conditions if deformation is taken into account. Also there are some main effects …”

K. Mao, V. Goodship, N. Madhav, R. Ramakrishnan, P. Langlois Experimental Investigations of Polymer Composite Gear Performance S. 1625-1636

„… Gear Wheels, Cylindrical Gears, Calculation of the Load Carrying Capacity’, 2013. [3] K. Mao, ‘A New …” „… polymer gears’ are quite different with regards to both failure modes and load capacity. For acetal gears …” „… understanding of their behaviour under load. It is well known that polymer gears are very sensitive to …”

C. Brecher, C. Löpenhaus, R. Greschert Influence of the grinding process on the formation of boundary layers on gears S. 1427-1438

„… manufacturing. When the grinding wheel cuts the surface, thermal, mechanical and chemical energy is released …” „… transmissions [6]. The profile grinding process is applied using a corundum grinding wheel with ceramic bonding …” „… the grinding wheel ns. An increase of the rotational speed of the grinding wheel directly affects the …”

B. Schlecht, F. Rudolph, S. Schumann Experimental studies and simulation of hypoid gear lapping S. 1403-1414

„… asperities, the other a rigid plane. The application of a normal load and sliding motion to the contacting …” „… the load distribution along the contact line depends on the flank topology, a constant line load may …” „… used, either from a manufacturing simulation or measurement data of a real gear set. Load case data …”

O. Berka, M. Dub, F. Lopot Experimental measurement of gears impact in transmission S. 1119-1126

„… : Load distribution The final phase of the data processing resulting in the graph displaying the loading …” „… values of KHβ coefficient, what can be interpreted as effect of limited stiffness of wheels and the …”

A. Kubo Change of gear steel quality as function of globalization – Back ground of the development for high speed automatic hardness tester S. 41-50

„… homogeneous and stones in mud carry the load and resist against wear. Fig.2 shows another example …” „… test. You can see many black balls. Those are precipitating particles to carry load. One usual …” „… calculates the load carrying capacity of gears using the same value for the material strength indicated …”

M. Schwenk, J. Hoffmeister, J. Hermes Prediction of local load carrying capacity for gears – a materials science approach S. 989-1002

„… Prediction of local load carrying capacity for gears – a materials science approach Dr …” „… and its prediction has been addressed thoroughly. However, the main factor in terms of load …” „… to module 10 mm. Introduction Load-carrying capacity of drive system depends strongly on the …”

H. Yakaria Gear Data Exchange (GDE) – goLive S. 1235-1246

„… the pinion and the wheel are described in element “gear”. Both gears are paired in the GDE using …” „… specific defined measurement instructions. Via an import directory, load the measurement software the …”

S. Stoyanov, V. Dobrev, A. Dobreva Investigating dynamic behavior of planetary gear trains through the systematic approach S. 197-208

„… several branches. This is the reason for diminishing the load of the meshing and of the rolling bearings …” „… elements: wheel with internal meshing, central pinion, satellites, carrier, housing details and also …” „… design process. Vibration-induced gear noise and dynamic loads remain very important problems in many …”

B. Kianian, C. Andersson Sustainability-conscious Powder Metallurgy gear manufacturing – An analysis of current manufacturing challenges S. 1251-1264

„… material properties. Recently reports on using Powder Metallurgy (PM) technology to manufacture gear wheels …” „… data VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 20171254 availability, for example on calculation of load capacity and …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181022948

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - International Conference on Gears 2022

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

International Conference on Gears 2022

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2389 2022

Results in this title

F. Mieth, C. Ulrich, B. Schlecht Stress calculation on bevel gears with FEM influence vectors S. 585-596

„… simulated load capacity of the wheel is plotted on the right in Figure 10. At the wheels, unexpected tooth …” „… wheel load capacity using the FEM shows a similar load capacity of both gears here. Therefore, the …” „… the aim of cost reduction and the careful handling of resources, load capacity is an important …”

L.-C. Chang, S.-J. Tsai, C.-H. Huang Contact characteristics of cycloid planetary gear drives considering backlashes and clearances S. 215-226

„… displacements are regarded as given values, the loads PCD on the cycloid-pin wheel, as well as the loads PBrg,O …” „… shafts and pin-wheel, shown in Fig.15. Those loads should be equilibrium in radial and tangential …” „… given load. The torque TPW,OP reacted by the contact forces FPW,i acting on the pin-wheel must be equal …”

A. Kubo, A. Ueda, R. Uehara Development of IP-bevel gears for industrial operation S. 343-356

„… center of load distribution more to the heel side of the teeth. The tooth tip edge of the driven wheel …” „… of tooth meshing due to the attack of tooth edge of driven wheel. New method to rounding-down the …” „… gears with 5X-machine, authors invented IP-bevel gear whose larger wheel has flat tooth flank for easy …”

P. Roth, M. Hein, K. Stahl Scuffing load capacity calculation of worm gears S. 811-824

„… area is loaded with a frictional load that results from the contact of the worm with the worm wheel …” „… Scuffing load capacity calculation of worm gears Philipp Roth, Dr.-Ing. Michael Hein, Prof. Dr.-Ing …” „… Abstract Worm gears with wheels of harder materials, such as cast iron or steel, are often prone to the …”

J. Thomas, C. Gosselin, F. Mieth Design, strength calculation by ISO10300 and loaded TCA of forged differential bevel gears S. 157-170

„… of 0.7 must be applied to the pinion when calculating the tooth root load capacity. The wheels, on …” „… revolution of the gear and the load cycles for the wheel must be doubled accordingly. In this paper, the …” „… stress or alternating load factor of 0.7 must be applied to the pinion and the wheels are initially …”

L. Becker, D. Vill, P. Tenberge Optimized crossed helical gearboxes using non-involute transverse sections S. 1197-1208

„… materials enables more gear applications with steel wheels to be replaced with plastic wheels. The …” „… consideration have the same size, material and load. Only the flank contour is adapted with as few adjustments …” „… as possible. The load capacity gain due the hollow flank profile in crossed helical gears is …”

K. Daubach, M. Oehler, B. Sauer Wear simulation of worm gears based on an energetic approach S. 329-342

„… material ρ = 8.8 g/cm3. The volume loss was equally distributed on all teeth of the worm wheel and load …” „… wear-modified condition. Load sharing is considered by including multiple worm wheel teeth in the tooth contact …” „… the modified tooth flank geometry of the worn worm wheel, in order to consider the influence of wear …”

S. Reitschuster, C. M. Illenberger, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Application of high performance polymer gears in light urban electric vehicle powertrains S. 1181-1196

„… sufficient load-carry-ing capacity. Assuming usual driving cycles and lifetime, the calculations according to …” „… VDI 2736 [1] indicate a sufficient load-carrying capacity for the polymer gears used inside. Under the …” „… ) - Electric steering systems - Gear pumps - Powertrain of electric two-wheelers The wide application of …”

B. Legrady, M. Taesch, G. Tschirschnitz, C. F. Mieth Prediction of churning losses in an industrial gear box with spiral bevel gears using the smoothed particle hydrodynamic method S. 651-664

„… can come with excessive load-independent power losses. Current methods for estimating churning losses …” „… of Technology for a bevel gear pair under 1 kNm nominal load. These measurements provide validation …” „… data for load-dependent and -independent power losses at pinion rotational speeds of 1200 to 1800 rpm …”

B. Reetz, T. Munch, W. Kappeler Challenges for lead-free brass alloys in worm gears S. 1467-1488

„… higher loads the use of special brass alloys is recommended. They are manufactured by casting, hot …” „… self-locking. This means that it is virtually impossible for a worm wheel with force applied to it to start the …” „… loads, e.g. resulting from vibrations. The pitch angles of standard gears are too high for self-locking …”

A. Beinstingel, M. Heider, B. Pinnekamp, S. Marburg Gear mesh excitation and non-uniform rational B-splines S. 91-102

„… according to this topic can be also found in [6] and [7]. 2. Gear Mesh Excitation and Load …” „… thus the load application point of the force to be transmitted is also shifted along the tooth profile …” „… to different load cases with respect to the rolling position. As a result, a single gear tooth …”

S. Oberle, V. Labriola, E. Melnikov, G. Gariglio High performance plastic gear solution in the engine environment S. 1033-1044

„… has higher wheel body stiffness and deforms less under load. While this represents a considerable …” „… gears due to exposition to high temperatures, high vibrations (>30g), intensive dynamic load levels …” „… to transmission and wheels (performances / drivability) Alternating inertial forces have the …”

M. Furst, J. Gotz, M. Otto, K. Stahl Automation of gearbox design S. 787-802

„… load capacity calculation this undercut of shape F [23] is considered. Section "Gear wheel" Assuming …” „… available to evaluate the load carrying capacity of all key components of a simple gear train, namely …” „… and gear wheel bodies. Starting with only few input parameters, a detailed shaft geometry with …”

J. Vorgerd, P. Tenberge, M. Joop Scuffing of cylindrical gears with pitch line velocities up to 100 m/s S. 903-914

„… Load dependent power loss PVZP[kW]Wheel torque T2 [Nm]20 m/s40 m/s58 m/s80 m/s100 m/sVDI-Berichte Nr …” „… energy 2 Wheel Espec [mJ/mm²] Specific contact energy limit n Index referring to the failure load …” „… scuffing at pitch line velocities up to 100 m/s is presented. The scuffing load capacity depending on the …”

N. Sagraloff, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Suitability of the test results of micropitting tests acc to FVA 54/7 for modern practical gear applications S. 469-484

„… Center (FZG), Technical University of Munich, Garching Abstract A high load carrying capacity …” „… that a lubricant with a sufficient micropitting load- carrying capacity be used to avoid micropitting …” „… . Lubricants usually contain additives, which also have a strong effect on micropitting load-carrying capacity …”

L. Hildebrand, F. Dangl, M. Sedlmair, T. Lohner, K. Stahl CFD analysis on the oil flow of a gear stage with guide plate S. 677-694

„… ) simulations to predict the gearbox oil flow and no-load losses. Thereby, the influence of housing geometry and …” „… out the influence of the interaction between rotating gears and oil on the no-load gear loss. Mauz [32 …” „… set of empirical equations has been derived by which the no-load gear loss can be VDI-Berichte Nr …”

A. Miltenovic, M. Banic Investigation of the meshing friction heat generation of worm gears and influence of the contact shape S. 803-810

„… steps - to introduce the axial force load and establish proper contact between worm and the wheel (step …” „… determine the scuffing load capacity. For analyzing thermal characteristics of worm gear pair and thermal …” „… load capacity. In the paper, the transient thermal behavior among different pinion machine-setting …”

H.-J. Dennig, L. Zumofen, A. Kirchheim, S. Winterberg, D. Stierli Increasing the safety against scuffing of additive manufactured gear wheels by internal cooling channels S. 1345-1364

„… Increasing the safety against scuffing of additive manufactured gear wheels by internal cooling …” „… lubrication, used to dissipate the heat generated at the tooth contact simultaneously creates load …” „… , the load-independent losses can be reduced, and the 1 …”

J. Koenig, D. Kehle, K.-P. Heinzle Investigation of the failure mechanisms of plastic materials with and without fiber reinforcement S. 1269-1280

„… lightweight, cheap in production and often made of recyclable materials. However, the load carrying capacity …” „… such as temperature and humidity. Therefore, for high performance requirements, the load carrying …” „… [5]. The calculation of the load carrying capacity of plastic gears can be done by means of the …”

E. Lothman, M. Hein, U. Steiner Increased load carrying capacity of gears through optimized steel performance, surface conditions and processes S. 637-650

„… geometry Pitting load carrying capacity Tooth root bending load carrying capacity Value Unit Pinion Wheel …” „… Increased load carrying capacity of gears through optimized steel performance, surface conditions …” „… examines the potential to further increase load carrying capacity of gears by using steels with improved …”

C. M. Illenberger, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Operating behavior and performance of oil-lubricated plastic gears S. 1117-1132

„… ] '(( 4 @Q 7@R Root heat transfer coefficient [10] SO TSU7 Speed of (plastic) wheel CD - Number of load …” „… Sheet 2: Thermoplastic gear wheels - Cylindrical gears - Calculation of the load-carrying capacity (in …” „… to theoretical investigations on the tooth flank load carrying capacity, comprehensive measurements …”

M. Steinbacher, T. Boyraz, R. Fechte-Heinen, G. Hellenbrand Heat treatment development for the new steel grade X20NiCrAlMoV6-5-2-1 for high performance gear wheel application S. 891-902

„… hardness of more than 59 HRC is required to achieve best load capacity of gear wheels. Therefore the base …” „… and gear materials are exposed to tempering,which can reduce hardness, strength and therefore the load …” „… high performance gear wheel applicationTailored heat treatment for high temperature application of …”

S. A. Bohme, J. Keski-Rahkonen, T. Komssi A standardizable approach to tooth flank fracture S. 371-388

„… initiatetypically in mode II (in-plane shear) underneath the load-carrying tooth flank and propagate throughthe gear …” „… VDI-Berichte Nr. 2389, 2022 371DraftNomenclatureDNV Det Norske Veritas Nf Number of load cyclesDV Dang Van P …” „… maximumequivalent stress against the uniaxial fatigue strength under alternating load f−1.ADV =maxθ,φ(aDV τa(θ, φ …”

J. Furst, F. Joachim, C. Gosselin, J. Thomas Improved design and manufacturing of face gears S. 1461-1466

„… its advantages are reported as well as the design, load capacity calculation similar to ISO 10300 and …” „… the tooth contact analysis under load using both the HyGEARS and BECAL applications. To our knowledge …” „… differential gears are also changing. Loads are increasing and completely new load conditions are emerging …”

L. Maccioni, F. Concli, C. Paschold A Novel Concept of Nested Cycloidal Speed Reducer S. 969-984

„… bearing power losses can be subdivided into no-load (0) and load-dependent (?) losses. Various calculation …” „… counterclockwise when looking at the test gearbox (cf. Fig. 2). For the operation conditions, a no-load, a medium …” „… load (? = 141 Nm) and a high load condition (? = 453 Nm) is considered. Table 1: Considered gearings …”

P. Tenberge, J. Vorgerd, L. Gondecki 2-disc tribometer for various tests on sliding/rolling contacts with tribological loads such as in tooth flank contacts S. 145-156

„… 2-disc tribometer for various tests on sliding/rolling contacts with tribological loads such as in …” „… tribometer, all relevant load components can be reproduced in their local and timely courses very …” „… ) (b)Fig. 1: New 2-disc tribometer (b) to copy all tribological loads and effects from a test-box with real …”

X. Tian, L. Zhou, J. Han, L. Xia Research on tooth flank twist compensation of continuous generating grinding gear based on flexible electronic gearbox S. 1005-1018

„… University of Technology, Hefei Anhui, China Abstract Flank twist occurs when the threaded wheel grinds …” „… proposed in this paper. Firstly, the equations of gear flank and threaded wheel flank and the twist model …” „… dressing the threaded wheel. The simulation results show that this method can effectively compensate for …”

R. Longato, M. Turci The effect of temperature on the SN curve for bending stress measured on a new test rig for plastic gears S. 1209-1222

„… catalogue. The latter choice is extremely common for plastic wheels while it is rare for steel gears …” „… chamber to perform testing at a controlled temperature. The temperature of the plastic wheel can be …” „… temperature running at the test speed (600 rpm) without load torque, keeping the temperature-time curve under …”

A. Eric, D. Olveda, T. Froschmeier, V. Schulze Local pitting fatigue concept with EHL simulation for case hardened gears in electrical drives S. 133-144

„… endurable load capacity. These developments have renewed the demand for improved simulation approaches for …” „… obtained load distribution is valid for a given load case and implicitly contains influences like e.g. the …” „… load stresses as a stationary mean stress. In literature ([10], [11]), there are simplified models that …”

B. Schalley, J. Brimmers, T. Bergs Potential and challenges of profile gear grinding with vitrified bonded cBN S. 1569-1582

„… wheel during grinding-in were investigated. The results of this report provide information for deriving …” „… regarding load-carrying capacity and noise excitation behavior [1]. Discontinuous profile gear grinding has …” „… gears [2]. For profile gear grinding, mainly larger vitrified bonded corundum grinding wheels are used …”

Y. Koch, G. Martin, E. Kirchner, D. Quirnheim Pais, R. Slatter Feasibility study of measuring instantaneous angular speed of helical gears with magnetoresistive sensors S. 253-264

„… transmission error (TE). Besides the described tooth deflection, which is load-dependent, the TE has a …” „… non-load-dependent component caused by geometric deviations from the ideal profile [7, 9]. The resulting speed …” „… toothed wheel with most flexibility in pitch and distance. The sensor itself consists of a sensor head …”

P. H. O. Teixeira, J. Brimmers, T. Bergs Consideration of micro-interaction in the modeling of generating gear grinding processes S. 1517-1528

„… generates high thermo-mechanical loads in the contact zone. If these loads reach critically high values …” „… wheel, the gear material and the chip. Such an approach has the advantage of enabling the use of heat …” „… the contact conditions between grinding wheel and workpiece based on the grinding parameters and …”

A. Baumann, B. Bertsche Coefficient of friction behavior of gear oils and significance for the meshing process of spur gears S. 745-762

„… friction increased with rising load in the contact zone and rising SRR [3]. Wincierz et al. studied the …” „… flanks are completely separated by an oil film. Under load, there are high surface pressures on the …” „… coefficient and the load distribution among the tooth pairs varies in magnitude as well as direction [10], see …”

S. Ebrahimi, J. Langhart, D. Marano NVH calculations for drivetrains, a methodology for selection of the best suitable calculation approach for a specific purpose S. 75-90

„… , a two-stage powertrain model powering the front wheels of an electric vehicle is considered as a …” „… transient loads are evaluated. In case of the NVH evaluation, furthermore the housing is excited by the …” „… behavior. Furthermore, the deflection of the transmission housing arising from the operational loads can …”

A. Spatzig, N. Fujimura, P. de Oliveira Teixeira Practical analysis of productivity of grinding tools in the process of internal generating gear grinding S. 1319-1330

„… grinding wheel. This will show favorable effects on load capacity and wear behavior of the tooth flank [3 …” „… grinding wheels are used in industrial serial production. But with any new process, continuous improvement …” „… analysis to find corundum wheels that can achieve acceptable tool life for mass production with more …”

J. Gotz, F. Siglmuller, M. Furst, M. Otto, K. Stahl Experimental investigation of the dynamic load sharing of planetary gearboxes S. 409-420

„… Experimental investigation of the dynamic load sharing of planetary gearboxes J. Götz, M. Sc., F …” „… sector. Aerospace applications in particular benefit from a full use of the load capacity potential to …” „… meet the requirements for lightweight construction and efficiency. Against this background, the load …”

X. Zheng, Y. Hu FE analysis and predication on the traveling wave – resonance of aero-gears S. 915-926

„… the similarity between the geometry of bevel gears and wheel disks. Method in studying the natural …” „… vibration characteristics of wheel disks can be analogously applied to bevel gears [[1].a)[17][18 …” „… ]. Starting from the traveling wave of wheel disks, the transverse vibration shapes can be grouped into …”

K. Fukanoki, K. Matsuo, Y. Suzuki, K. Fujiki Practical application of asymmetric tooth root geometry for downsizing automotive transmission gears S. 197-214

„… breakage. By applying the modified Miner’s rule, the target number of load cycles is defined based on the …” „… strength. The method proposed by Kubo and Umezawa (Fig.1) [2] was applied to calculate the load …” „… distribution on a simultaneous line of contact. The tooth root bending stress was then calculated from the load …”

J. Theling, M. Willecke, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher Influences on the Excitation Behavior of Lightweight Planetary Gearboxes S. 421-432

„… gear mesh. At the same time, the more flexible mesh also favors a better load distribution and load …” „… meshes caused by global deformation Better load distribution and loadsharingOverall SystemHigher …” „… the low load range. From a torque of MPlanet = 60 Nm, however, the behavior again resembles that of …”

K. Stahl, T. Tobie, C. M. Illenberger Standardized methods of load capacity calculation of plastic gears S. 1173-1180

„… Standardized Methods of Load Capacity Calculation of Plastic Gears Prof. Dr.-Ing. K. Stahl …” „… and widely used standard for load carrying capacity calculation of steel gears, DIN 3990 [3] was …” „… , production and load carrying capacity. Intensive gear research over the decades results in more than 60 000 …”

A. Sitzmann, T. Tobie, K. Stahl, S. Hoja, S. Schurer Deep nitriding – contact and bending strength of gears with increased nitriding hardening depth S. 875-890

„… Research Centre (FZG), Now: MAN Truck & Bus AG, Munich Abstract The load carrying capacity of gears can be …” „… reasonable time and cost. This also limits the load carrying capacity of nitrided gears, in particular with …” „… hardening depth, a significant increase in the load carrying capacity of nitrided gears for medium and …”

B. James Developing a digital thread linking gear design to manufacturing simulation and metrology S. 185-196

„… barrelling etc.) required to achieve good tooth contact under a range of different load and misalignment …” „… 1: Gear macro-geometry Pinion Wheel Number of teeth 21 63 Normal module 1.5 Pressure angle 20 …” „… ° Helix angle 25° ISO 1328 Grade 5 Table 2: Gear micro-geometry Pinion Wheel Left Right Left Right …”

A. Alnahlaui, P. Tenberge Improved method for the determination of tooth root endurance strength S. 31-44

„… the calculation of components in such a way that they can withstand given external loads for a given …” „… load cycles, if the load is of a corresponding magnitude [3]. Where the actual fatigue strength limit …” „… lies depends, among other things, on the material, heat treatment and surface treatment. The load …”

D. Sackmann, T. Husemann, B. Karpuschewski The effect of a multi-stage grinding process on the barkhausen noise signal S. 695-706

„… varying load spectrums, especially if tempering zones are still present after finish grinding. Two causal …” „… microstructure and results from a well-adjusted grinding process. However, two main loads affect the surface near …” „… cylindrical grinding machine was used in combination with two corundum grinding wheels, type Tyrolit A80CC5V …”

W. Wagner, S. Schumann, B. Schlecht Enhanced loaded tooth contact analysis of hypoid gears within a multi-body-system simulation S. 357-370

„… Science and Engineering, Technical University of Dresden, Germany Abstract To calculate the load …” „… capacity of gear stages within complex drivetrains under varying external loads, multi-body-systems (MBS …” „… of the results and enhance computation speeds the load distribution calculation is investigated …”

G. Hlebanja, M. Hriberšek, M. Erjavec, S. Kulovec Influence of the tooth flank shape on wear for a steel-POM gar pair S. 1295-1304

„… energy loss, can be attributed to the meshing gear pair flank load, to the friction coefficient (material …” „… sliding comparing to involute gears producing less frictional power and less thermal load as an involute …” „… Additionally, wear of a POM gear is to be quantified by measuring its states in a sequence of successive load …”

F. Eigner, S. Heinrich, M. Berger An approach on contact analysis for micro geometry optimization of the gear unit HypoGear S. 943-950

„… Fig. 3: Flowchart for load less contact analysis. Compared to an FE simulation, this process is …” „… designs out of the rule. Furthermore, the load less contact analysis is only an auxiliary tool and does …” „… in the HypoGear gear unit only on the hypoid wheel in order to keep the production costs of the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… contacts with tribological loads such as in tooth flank contacts …” „… load distribution of planetary gear sets subject to both internal and external excitations …” „… , Columbus, OH, USAExperimental investigation of the dynamic load sharing of planetary gearboxes …”

P. Rodel, R. Spieler, M. Indenbirken, T. Nuisl Holistic friction optimization of transmissions – a significant contribution for sustainability S. 731-744

„… , interactions, and operating conditions. The approach bases on the calculation of the load distribution of the …” „… , targeted, and application-oriented design regarding load capacity, acoustics (NVH) and energy efficiency …” „… Bearinx. The following chapter describes how to use the load distribution in transmission systems as a …”

W. Kassem, M. Oehler, B. Sauer, S. Schmidt, J. Hausmann Investigation of the time-dependent behavior of plastic gears with local tribological simulation S. 1281-1294

„… work, the performance of steel - plastic gear pairs under load is investigated. Therefore, a …” „… fibre-reinforced polyamide subjected to wear are examined, along with their influence on the mechanical load of the …” „… . Introductions Plastic gears have been used since the mid-20th century in low-load drives such as in watches …”

A. Pogačnik, U. Kissling The future of plastic gear standardization S. 1149-1160

„… ): contact ratio under load should be considered for the strength calculation, SN curves VDI-Berichte Nr …” „… . VDI-Berichte Nr. 2389, 202211502. Contact ratio under load Plastic materials have a much smaller elasticity …” „… modulus versus strength ratio compared to steel, which results in higher tooth deflection under load. The …”

M. Zalfen, J. Lovenich, O. Malinowski, C. Brecher, J. Brimmers, S. Neus, S. Stark, D. Kruger Test rig concept for high power VHCF gear testing S. 485-498

„… gearboxes in turbo gearbox applications is the high number of load cycles reached by the gearbox components …” „… for a limiting number of NG = 3 -10 Mio. load cycles which is far less than the expected lifetime of …” „… strength of gears as due to reverse bending loads the tooth root breakage is the critical failure mode for …”

A. Mihailidis, A. Psarros, I. Nerantzis FE tooth contact analysis of crossed helical gear drives considering misalignments and deviations S. 597-608

„… . 1. Introduction The calculation of the tooth load capacity of crossed helical gears may be carried …” „… the determination of the load sharing in planetary gear trains [2] and along the face-width of helical …” „… wheels. Crossed helical gears, Mating cy-lindrical worm with helical gear. Calculation of the …”

A. Turich Gear hard finishing with up to 100% in-process inspection S. 1583-0

„… features a highly productive threaded wheel grinding machine (Fig. 5 [3]: Gleason’s 200/260GX), a washing …” „… and part marking station and a GRSL metrology system, all connected by an integrated robot loader with …” „… , Gleason’s own automation solution provider. The gantry loader is handling the complete workflow within the …”

D. Mevissen, L. Uhlmann, U. Kupper, J. Brimmers, T. Bergs Analysis of friction of bowl-shaped surface structures resulting from alternative gear manufacturing processes S. 1371-1382

„… flexibility and cost reduction because special manufacturing tools such as hobs or grinding wheels for a …” „… characterized by bowl-shaped cups which may lead to an optimized running behavior in terms of friction or load …” „… and load capacity increase of highly loaded rolling contacts [9; 15]. A central result of the …”

D. Drummer, D. Schubert, C. Herzog In situ measurement of geometric and structural influences on the operating properties of polymer gears S. 1099-1116

„… method for in situ deformation and wear measurement of polymer gears under operating load is presented …” „… differences is related to the tooth deformation. A specific combination of load cases was developed to …” „… result, the new test rig allows a deeper understanding of the interaction of load conditions, gear …”

J.-A. Meis, M. Walkowiak Influence of case hardness depth on tooth interior fatigue fracture S. 863-874

„… represented by the load duration distribution. Details to this procedure can be found in [1], [5] and [6]. The …” „… then calculate the load at which intersection of the stress vector with the strength limit occurs. The …” „… , which is the inclusion with the lowest endurance load limit. By repeating this calculation for a sample …”

F. Lagier, A. Bischofberger, K. Bause, S. Ott Suitability of additive manufactured PEEK gears as a means of gear sampling for automotive high-speed gearboxes S. 1045-1060

„… low-load and low-speed domain [17]. The guideline shows short-comings for a use in high-speed applications …” „… material locally increases the stresses on the component, which cannot withstand the load for which it was …” „… use not suitable for certain high-load applications [20]. ZHANG ET AL. identifies the support …”

T.-T. Mac, D. Iba, Y. Matsushita, S. Mukai, T. Inoue, A. Fukushima, N. Miura, T. Iizuka, A. Masuda, I. Moriwaki Application of genetic algorithms for parameters identification in a developing smart gear system S. 239-252

„… VDI-Berichte Nr. 2389, 2022 239mechanism to transmit the power of engine to the working wheels or propeller. As …” „… . VDI-Berichte Nr. 2389, 2022 251References in this document [1] Utagawa, M.: Dynamic loads on spur gear teeth …” „… gear system by conductive-ink print (Impedance variation of a gear sensor with loads and data …”

Y. Marchesse, M. Ruzek, F. Ville, P. Velex On windage power loss reduction achieved by flanges S. 665-676

„… high-speed gearing system the load-independent losses become prominent when peripheral speeds are above 100 …” „… different wheels can be mounted but, for the purpose of the present study, only one single gear is …”

A. Zhang, J. Wei, M. Cao, B. Peng Dynamic modeling and accuracy evaluation method for complex irregular components of aviation transmission S. 573-584

„… systems with multiple contact pairs. Another idea is to obtain the dynamic load at the bearing through the …” „… al., Effects of polygonal wear of wheels on the dynamic performance of the gearbox housing of a …”

J. Hochrein, M. Trubswetter, M. Otto, K. Stahl Direct flank geometry calculation for face gears S. 1447-1460

„… found in literature, for example in a longitudinal differential for all-wheel drives [1] or in a …” „… calculation of the load carrying capacity [3, 15, 21]. Bauhoffer describes the varying pressure angle with a …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023891

Ralph Meyer - XXXVI. Internationales μ-Symposium – Bremsen-Fachtagung

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XXXVI. Internationales μ-Symposium – Bremsen-Fachtagung

Series: Verkehrstechnik/Fahrzeugtechnik

Volume 806 2017

Results in this title

Günter Leister Wheel - Brake disk - Wheel hub – Requirements to the Wheel Assembly S. 85-96

„… load without having any negative impact on the safety and operation of the wheel and axle components …” „… leads to higher dynamic loads, as well as movements and deformations in the wheel bolt connection …” „… (spherical between a ratio of tig Observe F bolt can c pecially in load force Wheel as vehicles a b long wh n …”

P. Mody, S. Lambert, S. Foots, A. Azaad Light-weight Composite Back-Plates for Brake Pads S. 115-135

„… contributes to the vehicle gross mass as well as NVH issues, but it also widely believed to exacerbate wheel …” „… wheels “hop”. One contributor to “unsprung” weight is the disc brake pad back-plate, even more so for …” „… . 5] rial, no d 123 ntext, the h load-to- 26865, by B), folloshowed no egradation 124 …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186806123

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Dritev 2023

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2420 2023

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M. Magnusson, O. Nicklasson, H. Jacobsson Electric Cross Differential, eXD S. 235-252

„… be added to the differential. The eXD enables the transfer of torque to the wheel with the highest …” „… . Potential for improved regeneration capabilities Reduced tyre load, enabling the use of narrower tires …” „… , SwedenVDI-Berichte Nr. 2420, 2023 235System Overview The purpose of the eXD is to transfer torque from one wheel to …”

J. Gindele, F. Faistauer The Future of BEV: High Performance Without Compromising Driving Efficiency S. 37-44

„… partial load. Various measures such as downsizing/downspeeding, lean operation, etc., and of course …” „… . This again allows for new drivetrain architectures, especially for all-wheel drives. This article first …” „… shown that with an intelligent eAWD (electric all-wheel drive) design, all-wheel drives can even be more …”

S. Yan, P. Piecha, N. Hetzel Virtual Generation of Load Profiles and Spectra for Designing Electrified Vehicles – The influence of software and driving scenarios on powertrain design S. 377-390

„… scenario. 3. Application Example To generate load data, an all-wheel-drive electric vehicle with one …” „… Virtual Generation of Load Profiles and Spectra for Designing Electrified Vehicles The influence …” „… electrical loads. In addition to powertrain hardware, specific software of the operating strategy and the …”

P. Geradts, M. Kasten, A. Landvogt Psychoacoustic optimization of the NVH behavior of an eDrive power train – Application of a Targeted Micro Geometry Scatter on Helical Gears to break-up the regularity of the transmission error excita... S. 459-470

„… employed. The two-stage gear-box adapts the high motor speeds to usable wheel speeds. The electric motor …” „… the transmission error under load, considering the elastic deformation of the system and the …” „… quasi-randomly over the circumfer-ence of the gear wheel, were employed. The evaluation of the benefits included …”

A. Kappes, S. Frei, P. Noone, Stephan Rinderknecht Development and Design of a Range Extended four-speed Two-Drive-Powertrain S. 253-280

„… only half the maximum currents at full load. In addition, the local proximity can result in further …” „… drag torques at low load requirements. On the mechanical side of such a multispeed transmis-sion, the …” „… includes the full energy conversion from grid to wheel, a highly efficient on-board charger (OBC) is to be …”

C. Reumüller, M. Sedlmair, M. Hein, A. Damm Transformation from conventional to electric powertrains Challenges in testing mechatronic shifting systems S. 359-376

„… example to disable 4-wheel-drive [2] for reducing drag torque in cruise mode or to connect an e-axle in a …” „… gear wheels [6]. One challenge is, that the actuator force density of these directly actuated …” „… ) motor in 4-wheel-drive-applications for reducing drag torque in cruise mode or to lock a differential …”

C. Gürlich, S. Demmerer, M. Winkel, K. Führer Transmission – the most underestimated part of the electric drive – Next generation transmission S. 183-196

„… torque loads, making it ideal for use in a variety of vehicles. The planetary gear set of the reduction …” „… connects the electric driveline to the wheels. This leads to higher articulation angels and higher demands …” „… transmit power from the motor to the wheels, whereas the differential's function is to transmit power from …”

L. Bayoux, K.-L. Kimmig, D. Reitz Has the potential in terms of weight, installation space, and function already been exhausted for hybrid transmissions? S. 205-220

„… all-wheel hybridization. In addition to efficiency gains, this also improves performance and traction, in …” „… vectoring functions. Decoupling the electric axle, which enables all-wheel drive with high efficiency, is …” „… operation if required via an additional load on the generator. For parallel operation, the clutch is closed …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… road 1C. Gropp, Daimler Truck AG, Stuttgart BEVVehicle Motion Control by Advanced Wheel Torque …” „… | 11:45:49 | 148 mm x 210 mm MethodsVirtualGenerationofLoad …”

A. Freiburg Virtual development – optimized E-Drive selection by system simulation S. 73-88

„… WLTP load cycle. The modular powertrain model and the simplified model of the VCU ELEC is shown in …” „… as inhouse solution to cover the basic simulation loads of the simulation jobs from the global teams …” „… : Development of modular all-wheel and electric powertrain models with a ge-neric interface to full vehicle …”

C. Mohr Acoustic Optimization of Electric Powertrains from a Vehicle Level Perspective S. 471-0

„… an optimal effect in certain load ranges, optimizing excitation alone is not sufficient in many cases …” „… drivesIntelligent all-wheel driveThermal management of e-machinesSustainability and life cycle analysis in …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024201

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - International Conference on Gears 2023

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International Conference on Gears 2023

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2422 2023

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B. Abert, D. Werner The Influence of Wheel Body Design on Airborne Noise S. 357-366

„… leads to a change in the load distribution, the helix angle modification is redesigned for each wheel …” „… Wheel Body Deformation in Tooth Contact Load Distribution, ISBN 978-1-64353-136-6[3] Klarin, B., Resch …” „… The Influence of Wheel Body Design on Airborne NoiseBenjamin Abert M.Sc., FVA GmbH, Garching …”

C. Kirchhoff, P. Tenberge Optimization of the vibrational behavior of ZI crossed helical gears with a plastic wheel and a steel worm S. 1419-1434

„… occurring principal normal stresses at a load of 10 Nm on the wheel. The true contact points and contact …” „… Optimization of the vibrational behavior of ZI crossed helical gears with a plastic wheel and a …” „… drives has become a priority. Crossed helical gears with steel worm and plastic wheel are often used in …”

J. Gründer, A. Monz Analytical Method for Calculating the Nominal Tooth Root Stress in Worm Gear Shafts S. 1091-1110

„… of research in the last decades is to optimize the load capacity on the worm wheel by using …” „… material stress in the worm wheels. Load distribution in Worm Gears The load distribution in the tooth …” „… Unit Value Material data, load data and load distribution a [mm] 100 Material Worm, Wheel [-] 16MnCr5 …”

J. Zhang, B. Shaw, A. Hammer, I. Sewell Effects of Surface Engineering on the Efficiency of Involute Helical Gears – An Experimental Investigation S. 995-1016

„… , Kw 𝑃 Mechanical power loss of the rig with no load, Kw 𝑃 Mechanical power loss of the rig with …” „… load, Kw 𝑃 Mechanical power loss of gearbox A, Kw 𝑃 Mechanical power loss of gearbox B, Kw 𝑃 …” „… further divided into load-dependent ( 𝑃 ) and load-independent power losses. The load-independent power …”

M. Rothemund, M. Otto, K. Stahl Applicability of classic analytical calculation approaches for the design of plastic gears S. 1483-1498

„… volume but mainly for applications under low load. Current trends are leading to the design and …” „… approaches of Weber/Banaschek and Schmidt for contact analysis and the load-carrying capacity calculation of …” „… of fast calculation methods for load capacity calculations, whether in the form of standards or …”

L. Becker, P. Tenberge Crossed helical gears – simulative studies and experimental results on non-involute geometries S. 1499-1514

„… [1]From further research work [1,3], a load of 8 Nm is obtained for the plastic wheel and a speed of …” „… contact area. Previous studies confirmed the advantages in the mentioned load characteristics for …” „… in test rigs. This confirmed the advantages in load-carrying capacity and efficiency increase …”

A. I. Aydeniz Modelling and Analysis of the Effect of Root Modification on Load Sharing and Stress Values on Spur Gears S. 1039-1062

„… Modelling and Analysis of the Effect of Root Modification on Load Sharing and Stress Values on Spur …” „… the study, a modification was applied only on the gear wheel and it was aimed to make the gear pair …” „… capacity to determine gear spring characteristics and load sharing along the contact line. It is also …”

A. Drechsel, J. Pellkofer, K. Stahl Transferability of the scuffing load capacity of gear oils determined on spur gears to hypoid gears S. 881-896

„… 14635-2 [13]. The test load stage is run at a wheel speed of 2880 rpm with the wheel driving the pinion …” „… Transferability of the scuffing load capacity of gear oils determined on spur gears to hypoid gears …” „… Veröffentlichung bewertet. 2 Abstract The scuffing load carrying capacity is a decisive design criterion in the …”

W. Wagner, S. Schumann, B. Schlecht The relevance of pinion deflection and twisting for loaded tooth contact analysis of high reduction hypoid gears S. 829-838

„… analysis un-der load (LTCA), such as BECAL. Due to the greatly changed geometry of pinions with small …” „… crucial for the further development of LTCA tools like BECAL if load bearing capacities of HRH are to be …” „… reliably determined.Introduction For the design of hypoid gears, software is used that performs a load …”

A. Carvalho, R. Rego, N. Fukumasu, D. Tamayo, F. Nascimento, I. Machado PVD Deposition of Nb-MoS2 Coatings on Gear Carburized Steel S. 1071-1082

„… thermal and mechanical loads and the influence of substrate surface integrity, particularly its residual …” „… residual stress states in the samples. One was performed using an Al2O3 grinding wheel, while the other …” „… utilized a SiC grinding wheel. The selection of these grinding wheels was based on their different thermal …”

L. Amar Review of the definition of the loads for spur and helical gears in standards and handbooks S. 301-314

„… . VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023310Fig. 7: Tangential load at pinion and wheel reference diameters in the case of …” „… Review of the definition of the loads for spur and helical gears in standards and handbooks May the …” „… , Cetim, Senlis, France Abstract An accurate gear rating starts with a correct gear load definition …”

F. Mieth, D. Tazir Local load capacity analysis for the design of a balanced flank modification for cylindrical gears according to bevel gear procedures S. 927-944

„… elastic wheel bodies (BGM) The Comparison of the results for the load distribution calculations with CGM …” „… , "Load distribution calculation of bevel gears with elastic wheel body", Schweizer Maschinenelemente …” „… Local load capacity analysis for the design of a balanced flank modification for cylindrical gears …”

M. Willecke, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher Experimental Investigation of the load carrying capacity of beveloid gears with optimized flank topography S. 125-138

„… Experimental Investigation of the load carrying capacity of beveloid gears with optimized flank …” „… reduces the load-carrying capacity compared to a line contact. To calculate the tooth root load …” „… , 2023 125calculation method, two geometries were designed whose load-carrying capacity was investigated …”

L. Binanzer, L. Merkle, M. Dazer, A. Nicola Pitting Detection for Prognostics and Health Management in Gearbox Applications S. 97-108

„… designed as electrical load unit consisting of two electric motors. The tooth flanks of the test gears are …” „… . When a damage is detected by the CMS, countermeasures such as load reduction can be initiated. Also …” „… possible to reduce the load of damaged parts to increase the Remaining Useful Life (RUL) and at the same …”

P. E. Schnetzer, J. Pellkofer, K. Stahl Calculation method for wear of steel-bronze rolling-sliding contacts relating to worm gears S. 907-926

„… resulting material structure and load carrying capacity of the worm wheel. The investigations indicate that …” „… , W.: Load bearing capacity of bronze worm wheels depending on their material characteristics …” „… N Normal-load W - Load parameter G - Material parameter W - Pressure factor h μm Minimum film …”

M. Vivet, A. Rezayat, J. Verhoogen, K. Kucukcoskun, S. Donders Numerical analysis of bevel gear transmission acoustic emission using a 3D gear contact force model within a multibody system dynamics simulation environment S. 689-702

„… (TE), which arises from the nonlinear meshing of gear teeth under load, is known to generate unwanted …” „… element translates the detected penetrations at all the contact locations into contact loads under the …” „… assumption that the actual tooth flank deformation due to the contact load matches the measured penetration …”

C. Kunik, J. Kunert Wetting and oil flow analysis of planetary gearboxes using oil flow simulations S. 467-484

„… flow rate in every gear contact of the sun wheel of the high-speed shaft shows the reliability of the …” „… comparison of no-load losses is still pending for the huge amount of possible boundary conditions. Within …” „… . 3. It consists of one sun wheel and tree planetary wheels with a fixed gearhead resulting in a ratio …”

S. Sklenak, D. Mevissen, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher, B. Lenz, A. Mehner Analysis of Load Cycles and Local Wear of Dry and Solid-Lubricated Gears S. 727-740

„… Analysis of Load Cycles and Local Wear of Dry and Solid-Lubricated Gears Sebastian Sklenak M. Eng …” „… system and an-alyzed in running tests. The comparison of the load cycle numbers at two different load …” „… and complete layer failure. Microscopic wear analysis show that the wear on the pinion and wheel …”

P. Chavan, M. Lutz Validation of an industrial gearbox model for predicting vibro-acoustic behavior S. 619-632

„… requirements of load carrying capacity, service life as well as acoustic behavior can be achieved. Flexible …” „… modelling of the individual flexible bodies, bearings, joints, gear wheels as well as meshing excitation …” „… their dynamic behavior under various operating conditions and loads. In this approach, the shafts …”

M. J. Herberger, F. Rudolph, B. Sievers Efficient concepts for high ratio angular gearboxes S. 801-814

„… gearboxes identifies the load-dependent gearing losses and the load-dependent bearing losses as crucial for …” „… correlation between increasing ratio and in-creasing load-dependent gearing losses is derived. This …” „… for the load-dependent gearing losses. A comparison of calculation methods shows, that the local …”

E. Virtanen, M. Kanerva, G. Szanti Fatigue testing of large sized bevel gears S. 897-906

„… and modules around 9. All the gearsets have no hypoid offset. The hydraulic load control makes it …” „… possible to start the test rig without a load, making it possible to have complex testing sequences that …” „… limit any damage of the gears at the start of testing. The test rig is capable of testing at loads up to …”

P. Romio Spur Gear Teeth Reconstruction via Direct Laser Deposition S. 1641-1664

„… cycles under different load stages (K1 to K9), functionally resisting until 215.6 Nm torque, although it …” „… carry structural loads. In the second, the deposited material must restore the part’s geometry and …” „… author performed hardness and static load tests to compare the reconstructed tooth against the base …”

G. Devaraj Vibration reduction of planetary gear drive using mesh phasing: modelling and experimental validation S. 157-174

„… ] studied how the transmission error and the load sharing of a three-planet planetary are affected by the …” „… explained analytically based on symmetry arguments and independent of mathematical dynamic tooth load models …” „… rotational and thrust dynamic loads are to be avoided during the design of a planetary gear set because that …”

Y. Koch, E. Kirchner, J. Hirschmann Measuring Instantaneous Angular Speed using a Gear Wheel as Material Measure to detect Pitting Damage during an Endurance Test S. 81-96

„… Measuring Instantaneous Angular Speed using a Gear Wheel as Material Measure to detect Pitting …” „… : accelerometers at the gearbox housing, MR sensors, which use a gear wheel as a material measure and MR sensors …” „… back-to-back test stand is set up for the endurance test. The tests are carried out with an overload load at a …”

J. Vorgerd, P. Tenberge, M. Steinrötter Scuffing load carrying capacity of high-speed gears with an isotropic superfinished surface S. 227-242

„… Scuffing load carrying capacity of high-speed gears with an isotropic superfinished surface Dr.-Ing …” „… high-performance gearboxes lead to increased specific loads of the slide-roll contacts in gears. In particular …” „… , turbo gearboxes using thin-viscosity lubricants tend to scuff. The scuffing load carrying capacity can …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… and Design, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany Tooth root load & carrying …” „… consequences of different methodologies for the elaboration of pulsator test results with respect to the load …” „… using a Gear Wheel as Material Measure to detect Pitting Damage during an Endurance Test 81Y. Koch, E …”

M. Ruzek, R. Brun, F. Ville, P. Velex, Y. Marchesse On the reduction of windage power losses in gears by the modification of tooth geometry S. 785-800

„… Power losses in gear transmissions are traditionally separated into load-dependent and load independent …” „… losses. While load-dependent losses are generally dominant in standard applications, load independent …” „… (indicated by a yellow arrow). There are two main differences between steel and PLA wheels. (1) The flank of …”

I. Atanasovska, D. Momcilovic Analysis of new tooth profile design based on the biomimetics principles S. 945-956

„… requirements of size reduction, energy efficiency increasing, as well as for the higher load capacity of …” „… to improve the tooth profile design and to upgrade the load capacity calculation procedures for …” „… transmissions primarily depend of the tooth root capacity, i.e., bending load capacity of gears. The analytical …”

C. van Oss, A. Hilbig, H. Sardemann, S. Schumann, B. Schlecht Opportunities arising from digital twins in gear development S. 1027-1038

„… wheel is composed of the load-dependent relative position and the mounting dimension deviations. The …” „… load-dependent relative position represents the reaction to the load. The mounting dimension deviations are …” „… position on the wheel flanks[4] In his work, Zhang [5] hypothesised that, conversely, mounting dimension …”

C. Dongu Im, W.-J. Chung, J.-H. Park, D.-J. Moon, Pfor. Y.-J. Park The effect of working surface deviation on transmission error in helical gears S. 1125-1134

„… 𝐹 Tip form 𝐹 Effective parameter of pinion 𝐹 Effective parameter of wheel 2. Measurements of gear …” „… measurements were conducted in the profile direction for each tooth of the pinion and wheel, as illustrated in …” „… frequency, the average tooth profile was obtained for both the pinion and wheel, and this was incorporated …”

R. Beilicke, D. Bartel, L. Bobach Simulation-based optimization of gearing efficiency using thin coatings S. 975-984

„… influence of a coating on pinion and/or wheel on temperature development, frictional losses and efficiency …” „… operation is the increase in power density of gear units. Furthermore, the load-dependent gear losses in …” „… distance). The maximum load is reached shortly before the pitch point C at approx. 5 kN. Fig. 1: Tooth …”

S. Sepp, A. Wenig, M. Otto, K. Stahl Acoustical behavior of periodic flank modifications under dynamic operating conditions S. 341-356

„… calculated in static conditions (n 0). The LTE describes the deflection between pinion and wheel under load …” „… the typical compromise between the flank design objectives load carrying ca-pacity and low excitation …” „… load carrying capacity and low excitation behavior which results from the exclusive use of standard …”

N. Blech, C. Paschold, T. Lohner, T. Tobie, K. Stahl, L. Amar Review of different calculation approaches for the mean coefficient of friction in ISO 6336 S. 191-210

„… Normenreihe ISO 6336. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023 191Abstract Important goals in gear design are high load …” „… the load carrying capacity, the international series of standards ISO 6336 is the state of the art for …” „… its calculation. To ensure reliable calculation of the load carrying capacity of gears and the …”

S. Birk, E. Stoppel, V. Labriola Influence of plastic-metal-pairings on the lifetime of gears S. 1535-1546

„… under load or temperature of a gear leads to premature engagement the consequence could be clamping and …” „… peak stress loads that will eventually lead to failure of the plastic gear. Another important factor in …” „… application (e.g. Electrical Power Steering worm wheel or balancer shaft) by IMS Gear. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422 …”

N. Fujimura Application-oriented research on internal generating polishing S. 1863-1876

„… process parameters with polishing wheels were tested. In the end, mirror-like flank surfaces with Ra …” „… requirements of mass production. This high productivity is achieved by a unique grinding wheel design matched …” „… ) grain wheel was investigated by Fujimura et al. [8, 9]. However the surface roughness was up to Ra0.35μm …”

D. Gallagher, E. Wiita, R. Weidig Improved Method for Validation of Root Stress in Polymer Gears S. 1333-1350

„… . VDI 2736-2:2014 Thermoplastic Gear Wheels - Cylindrical Gears - Calculation of the Load Carrying …” „… with a reduced load capacity and an intolerance for high operating temperature [3]. The modern push for …” „… more load-critical applications. This in turn has led to a need for polymer-specific calculation …”

J.-H. Park, B.-S. Kim, D. Im, D.-J. Moon, J.-H. Kim, Y.-J. Park Development of Damage-based Accelerated Life Test Code for Gearbox using Genetic Algorithm S. 329-340

„… pinion and wheel, respectively = face load factor for contact stress = transverse load factor for …” „… algorithm III (NSGA-III), torque, rotational speed & test duration for each load case of the test duty cycle …” „… life of the mechanical element, the most commonly used method is to use a load-based accelerated life …”

C. Westphal, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher Influence of Axis Misalignments in Stepped Planetary Gear Stages on the Excitation Behavior – Test Rig Development and Simulative Analysis S. 175-190

„… errors have the highest influence on the sun trajectory and the load sharing. The misalignments occurring …” „… further load path, which increases the maximum transmittable torque for the same size. However, the static …” „… overdetermination, in conjunction with manufacturing deviations, has the effect of uneven load sharing between the …”

B. Černe, N. Vukašinović, D. Zorko In-situ experimental methods for measuring tooth meshing displacements and wear during polymer gear tests using a high-speed camera with microscopy optics S. 1563-1580

„… applied loads. Furthermore, it is possible to evaluate the gear wear across the entire active tooth …” „… high-frequency tensile loads. Additionally, Felipe-Sese et al. [24] conducted comprehensive analyses of …” „… ) control algorithm. The experiments were carried out under two distinct loads: Load 1: M = 0.9 Nm; n …”

J. Langhart, S. Ebrahimi, T. Kelichhaus A comparison of time and frequency domain approaches for NVH S. 583-598

„… on two shafts, representing the left and right wheel of the vehicle (figure 1). VDI-Berichte Nr …” „… that the housing static deformation is not considered in the load calculation of the frequency domain …” „… analysis module of KISSdesign, the dynamic response of the transmission subjected to the dynamic loads from …”

O. Harris, C. Poyser, R. Patel, O. Shires Developing CAE solutions for Robotics gears: Cycloidal and Strain Wave Gear Drives S. 1111-1124

„… with a system model of the disc, supporting shafts and bearings. A comparison of load distribution and …” „… work of Li et al. [4], allowing for a comparison with the model detailed in this source.Fig. 3: Load …” „… distribution on the ring pins (0°input shaft angle)Fig. 4: Load distribution (0° input shaft angle)A comparison …”

J.-A. Meis Parametric system simulation of load sharing in planetary gearboxes S. 269-280

„… Parametric system simulation of load sharing in planetary gearboxes Load sharing factor under …” „… zur Optimierung zu ermöglichen. Abstract Load sharing and contact pressure distribution are of high …” „… predict the load sharing on the other hand are also only possible after the gearbox has reached a certain …”

H. Mahe Model based NVH design: e-bike application S. 1229-1238

„… : Rattle noise model The model is fed with 2 torque inputs: one provided by the biker (Pedal load) and the …” „… driven gear (wheel) is oscillating around its theoretical position at a frequency equal to the rotation …” „… under load and constitutes the excitation of the gear whining. Despite its low level, this noise may be …”

A. Wallinger, R. Vonderschmidt, S. Vonderschmidt Lubricant Free Transmissions for the food industry – A Comparison S. 715-726

„… outer magnetic wheel, a modulator with iron segments and an inner magnetic wheel with a small number of …” „… wheel, modulator and inner magnetic wheel move in the same way as the ring gear, planet carrier and sun …” „… ratio 9.4 The planetary gear units with plastic gears use gears made of PEEK for the planetary wheels …”

W. Ramdane, C. Changenet, S. S. Ouali, C. Chevrel-Fraux, P. Casanova Thermal model of a planetary gear set using an isothermal approach S. 451-466

„… the planetary gear set can be deduced. Power losses are divided into two categories: i) load dependent …” „… power losses, associated with gear tooth friction and bearing friction; ii) load independent power …” „… load dependent power losses are calculated, same approaches are proposed to quantify gear tooth …”

M. Reichl, P. Lenz, A. Oliva Challenges and possibilities of virtual development of e-axle transmissions S. 485-498

„… . Introduction There are three main concerns in the development of today's gear drives: load capacity …” „… the load-independent gear loss torques, which are part of the total power loss of the gearbox …” „… . According to ISO/TR 14179-2, this total power loss is composed of load-dependent and load-independent parts …”

M. Fürst, S. Sepp, D. Schweigert, M. Otto, K. Stahl Experimental Investigation of Moving Contact Pattern in Helical Planetary Gearboxes S. 569-582

„… wheels and the operating conditions. To determine the exact load distribution, detailed simulations or …” „… load sharing on the individual planetary gears and especially of the load distribution of the meshing …” „… gears is of major importance. A uniform load distribution enables the design of the individual tooth …”

L. Braumann, H. Amri, V. S. Viteri, J. Ochoa LUBGEAR – Experimental Campaign for Aviation Gears in Loss-of- Lubrication S. 1063-1070

„… such technologies in LOL poses numerous challenges: High temperatures, loads and speeds - all in a …” „… factors include normal load, rolling speed, slide-to-roll ration (TRL2), load stages and pitch line …” „… (<0.5RPM) while the grinding wheel oscillates in the vertical direction achieving a transversal grind on …”

C. Herzog, D. Drummer Influence of the injection molding process on the tooth deflection of plastic gears during operation S. 1435-1448

„… . VDI 2736 Part 2. Thermoplastic gear wheels - Cylindrical gears: Calculation of the load …” „… during operation. [5] As a consequence, the load sharing of the plastic gear’s teeth is changed. The …” „… design of the shaft-hub connection on the tooth deformation under varying loads.2 Fundamentals2.1 Elastic …”

T. König, L. Cadau, L. Steidle, M. Kley, D. Cansu Güney, J. Albrecht, K. Weber A concept for comparison of new and aged lubricants in transmissions of electric vehicles and a method of oil aging on a test rig S. 1195-1206

„… load collective is presented to age oil on a test rig. Based on this, the sustainable oil can be aged …” „… oxidation-resistant and thermally stable, regardless of their sustainability. High load capacity, demulsibility and …” „… a strong, sudden shear load is shown. The test is divided into three sections: (1) 0 45 s, (2) 45 …”

S. Matkovič, D. Šeruga, M. Nagode, M. Kalin Prediction of tooth root fatigue failure of polymer gears for dry and oil lubricated contact and its comparison to experimentally obtained results S. 1301-1318

„… should be obtained on real-scale polymer gears and performed measurements at least at four different load …” „… load, or torque. Too high load can cause severe deformation, which, among other obvious issues, leads …” „… to a change in load sharing between the teeth [5], while too low a load can lead to a high number of …”

E. Grabovic, A. Artoni, M. Gabiccini, E. Ciulli Exploration of trade-offs between NVH and efficiency in bevel gear design S. 853-880

„… ) tool to obtain accurate predictions of the instantaneous load shared by the mating tooth pairs during …” „… impacted by various factors, which can be categorized into two types: load-independent and load …” „… contact analysis (LTCA) to predict load sharing between the mating teeth and the pressure distribution …”

A. Beinstingel, F. Haringer, W. Sigmund, M. Heider, B. Pinnekamp, S. Marburg Investigation of Sound and Vibration Behavior of Cylindrical Gears S. 599-618

„… excitation loads at the corresponding bearing stations. Finally, the distribution of the sound pressure level …” „… speed of 1000 rpm at the pinion shaft. The output is always located on the opposite side at the wheel …” „… constant external load. There are no external excitations considered in this model and thus only the power …”

B. Guilbert, D. Dureisseix, P. Velex Hybrid models for the simulation of displacements and stresses in lightweight gears S. 315-328

„… 7949 Mode Type - 2 N.D. on wheel Coupled + 3 N.D. on wheel Coupled Coupled Fig. 8: Comparison between …” „… vibrations are not necessarily those with maximum tooth load amplifications. In the examples treated, it is …” „… method to determine dynamic loads on spur gear teeth and on bearings. J. Sound Vib. 267: 1065-1084. DOI …”

M. Gebhardt, A. Rhode, B. Legrady Lubrication improvement at the HS-IS spline shaft interface of a wind turbine gearbox using the smooth particle hydrodynamic method S. 519-536

„… that strength and fatigue load are not a concern [11]. But the relative motion between the touching …” „… the wheel of the high-speed stage (HSS) in a classical high-speed gearbox with two planetary stages …” „… Sun to the HSS Wheel, the IMS Sun (scaled to 98 % radially), and the pitch tube. The shafts rotated …”

I. Hong, D. Talbot Tooth Bending Strain Rate Analysis in a Counter Shaft Drivetrain and Implications on Fatigue Strength S. 53-66

„… the effects of operating speed and load on gear tooth loading and strain rates. Therefore, this …” „… the output rotational velocity to be equal to the desired wheel rotational speed which for on-highway …” „… EV Drivetrain Analysis 2.1. Dynamic Load Distribution Model A dynamic gear load distribution model …”

B. van Wissen, L. Pastukhov, F. Mitsuzuka, K. Iwanaga, A. Hasanovic NVH performance of thermoplastic gears: modelling and measuring S. 1389-1402

„… loaded and unloaded gear mesh pairs caused by load fluctuations and backlash.Whine – Sound created by a …” „… metal gears. This is a result of increased contact ratio’s (under load) and lower hertzian pressures …” „… ratio under load and the peak-to-peak transmission error (P2P TE) at tooth level. A simplified …”

J. I. Pedrero, M. Pleguezuelos, M. B. Sánchez Analysis of the tip interference in low gear ratio internal spur gears with profile modification S. 957-974

„… internal tooth wheel and will be: 𝑚𝑥 𝑚𝑚𝑥 𝑚 𝑚𝑥 𝑚(6) being 𝑚 the module, the tool addendum …” „… coefficient. The intersection point of the involute profile and the root trochoid of the internal tooth wheel …” „… under load induces the mesh-in impact and quasi-static transmission error (QSTE). To avoid the mesh-in …”

L.-C. Chang, Q. Y. Zhuang, S.-J. Tsai, J.-F. Hochrein, S. Landler, M. Otto, K. Stahl Comparing the contact characteristics of involute gear/ eccentric cycloidal gear calculated by various loaded tooth contact analysis models S. 397-412

„… gear design and load analysis, the loaded tooth contact analysis (abbrev. LTCA) approaches are …” „… modeled as analytical slice-spring models to calculate load distribution on contact line [8]. The contact …” „… , gear body deflection, and gear teeth deflection. 20 1 2H 2H2 1 4ln1w h hwE b (10) where w0 is the load …”

F. Concli, M. N. Mastrone Latest advancements in the lubrication simulations of geared systems: a technology ready for industrial applications S. 499-518

„… load-dependent power losses, i.e. the one related to friction and proportional to the transmitted load. Those …” „… category of losses are the so-called load-independent power losses (subindex 0), that arise from the …” „… synchronizes. While for the load-dependent losses accurate analytical models can be used, the …”

L. Bonaiti, M. Brambilla, P. Chiariotti, A. Cigada, C. Gorla, G. Boni, P. Codeluppi The effect of pinion axial positioning on noise and transmission error of face hobbed and face milled bevel gears S. 839-852

„… under load and manufacturing errors imply a not constant transmission ratio. This aspect is also …” „… relative position between the pinion and the wheel is therefore well understandable, especially when it …” „… solution for the load-carrying capacity is the worst for noise, and vice versa. Comparing the static TE …”

A. Yavuz Kanyilmaz, B. Karba, M. VARDAR Classifying plastic beveloid gear quality considering manufacturing errors S. 1159-1172

„… variation. Tooth spacing measurement is an indication of how well the gear will transfer contact and load as …” „… installation errors on beveloid gears’ precision ground by cone-shape worm wheel. (2019). [10] Dudley DW …”

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