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VDI Wissensforum GmbH - AgEng LAND.TECHNIK 2022

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

AgEng LAND.TECHNIK 2022

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2406 2022

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B. Lee, I.-H. Seo Analysis of mixing efficiency by structural factors of livestocks manure compositing machine using DEM S. 463-468

„… requires a uniform and proper temperature distribution. Uniform mixing of manure in composting machine is …” „… impact load at blades. We determined the sutable rotational speed for the composting machine by …” „… greatest effect on the mixing efficiency. Since the load on the blade can cause breakage and failure …”

N. Katsoulas, C. Baxevanou, D. Feidaros Optimal design of a hybrid power generation system for greenhouses S. 53-60

„… load type A, b) heat pump for heating and cooling, referred as load type B. Also, the energy …” „… electrical power for the load type A is 3865 W, for the load type B 14695 W and for the hybrid system lodge …” „… 1278 W. The daily energy consumption for the 15th day of 4 months is given in Fig. 1 a and b for load …”

L. Poppa, L. Frerichs, J. Liu, M. Böl Experimental method to analyse the blackspot bruises of potato tuber flesh due to mechanical deformation S. 429-438

„… compressed by 20, 40, and 50 % of their initial height. Load rates ranged from 0.1, 1.0, 10, 100, 1000 and …” „… samples shows high dependency of the previous load of the test samples. Transfer functions for …” „… discolouration and load parameters can be found for the different tissues and storage conditions. 1 …”

V. Ernst, J. Schwehn, N. Ebertshauser, S. Böttinger Investigations on the rolling resistance of tractor tires using coast down tests S. 581-588

„… . Table 2 shows the vehicle overall loads and the distribution on front and rear axles. Table 2: Test …” „… outer parameter like wheel pressure and wheel load for a specific set of tires on a vehicle. The …” „… adapted lug profile (Table 1). Rolling resistance for a certain tire mainly depends on its wheel load …”

M. Agrusti, M. Ceccarelli, M. Bovo, S. Benni, A. Barbaresi, E. Santolini, D. Torreggiani, P. Tassinari Assessment of milk yield loss induced by heat stress in dairy cows – Researching the sustainability and the animal welfare S. 75-84

„… activity to heat load was recently studied [9]. Heat load was found to be more sensitive in advanced …” „… than primiparous cows. Individual cow-related characteristics and heat load amount were found to be …” „… models, Figure 4 displays the distribution of the relative error Er on the sum of the daily yields over …”

H. W. Griepentrog, A. Stana, D. Reiser Concept and performance of an autonomous precision seeder for grain crops – Optimization of seed embedding into the soil S. 561-566

„… to optimise grain seed embedding and distribution with a precision grain seeder combined with an …” „… embedding and distribution with a precision grain seeder combined with an autonomous machine. The objectives …” „… seeds into the furrow improves the spatial evenness of horizontal distribution, the seeding dept in …”

H.-J. Seo, S.-W. Lee, I.-H. Seo Monitoring of worker’s particulate matter exposure concentration in broiler houses – Analysis of the characteristics of worker exposure to particulate matter in broiler houses S. 327-334

„… PM concentrations were monitored in terms of PM distribution by broiler house location, PM …” „… concentration and particle size by animal activity. The concentrations distribution of TSP, PM-10 and PM-2.5 …” „… identify the PM concentration distribution by location inside the forced ventilation broiler house and the …”

J. E. Hilgert, T. Amon, B. Amon, V. Belik, F. Dragoni, C. Ammon, A. Cardenas, C. Herrmann, S. O. Petersen Influence of the temperature of storage on biogas production from dairy cows and fattening pigs’ liquid manure S. 317-322

„… values for solid cow manure [3], the reasons for that may be the high organic load [5], the sample …” „… temperature affects distribution of carbon, VFA, ammonia, phosphorus, copper and zinc in raw pig slurry and …”

B. Pölling, J. Steiner, C.-P. Stickel Development of a new structural undercarriage for combine harvesters S. 31-40

„… through several reinforcement elements in order to transfer the high loads at this point (Fig. 3, second …” „… pictures (Fig. 6). It shows a reduced stress level and a more homogeneous stress distribution, even with a …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024065

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - LAND.TECHNIK AgEng 2019

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

LAND.TECHNIK AgEng 2019

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2361 2019

Results in this title

X. Tian, A. Vacca, S. Fiorati, F. Pintore An Analysis of the Energy Consumption in the High-Pressure System of an Agricultural Tractor through Modeling and Experiment S. 9-18

„… a pre-compensated load sensing system equipped with a variable displacement pump. The research …” „… tractors commonly use load sensing (LS) hydraulic system architectures, which are considered as the best …” „… system power distribution. Conclusion section summarizes the work takeaways and brings up prospective of …”

P. Munch Predictive Feed-Rate Control for Combine Harvesters S. 545-552

„… feed rate by measuring threshing load, feeder-house crop volume and/or engine load. Grain losses limit …” „… algorithm calculates relevant vegetation indexes that describe the biomass distribution in the field from …” „… machine data. Machine measured data like yield, propulsion speed, threshing load, engine load and grain …”

T. Fedde, M. Peeters, R. Stirnimann Soil pressure and pulling behavior of standard and half-track tractor chassis concepts S. 35-46

„… - and rearaxle loads, compared to non-pull condition. The pulling forces lead to a pitch effects of the …” „… vertical loads among other effects mainly by the inflation pressure and contact area, whereas track typed …” „… load tables of the tire manufacturer. For concept comparison with a positive drive triangle track …”

M. L. Bilde, J. T. Andersen, A. Morrison New Cleaning system design for high capacity combine harvesters S. 537-544

„… and MOG1,. Secondly, the downstream air distribution in the cascade is designed to affect the MOG-rich …” „… MOG load on the chaffer and thereby increases the efficiency of the fluidization process. State …” „… sub-process of distribution, stratification and pre-separation of the grain and MOG mixture upstream the …”

J. L‘Heureux Four-Tracked Solution for Large Row Crop Tractors S. 305-310

„… highly concentrating axle loads, high wheel slippage, and surface disturbance from steering manoeuvres …” „… considerations. A drawback to existing two-track machines is the inherent forward bias in weight distribution …” „… was to execute a track footprint and machine weight distribution to allow equal ground pressure at …”

M. Hammer, M. Steffan Modular Multi-Purpose Battery Storage System for complex compartments – New module design approach for maximzing benefits of work machines S. 391-400

„… penetration is the total weight of the machine - limited loads on footpaths or soil compaction limit the …” „… performance of the application. Fig. 7 shows a simulation result of a non-optimized current distribution with …” „… existing technology (cylindrical cells welded via Hilumin bands) and an optimized current distribution with …”

T. Schempp, A. Kaufmann, I. Stohr A Field Tested Adaptive User-Interface – New Ways to Operate Tractors S. 235-242

„… cultivators, 2 mowers, loader wagon, large pack press, reversible plough, seed combination, and 2 body …” „… operation of a tractor with a static state of the art user-interface was analyzed. A frequency distribution …” „… scenario based on the measured frequency distribution. After abstracting all functions to the basic and …”

S. Pfaffmann, F. de Moraes Boos, N. Tarasinski, V. Kegel Swarm Unit – Development of a Fully Electric Agricultural Machine with External Power Supply S. 401-408

„… power distribution vehicle carrying a longer cable. Therefore, the function of the swarm participants …” „… is separated into one energy distribution vehicle (EDV) and several Swarm Units executing field work …” „… to revolutionize agricultural production systems. Tests under different load and ballasting …”

M. Mattetti, G. Molari, S. Fiorati, N. Lenzini Idling of agricultural tractors S. 311-318

„… to any substantial load and the vehicle is standing. Idling is detrimental for the environment …” „… , & Nagatomi, 2007). Idling is a status of an engine where it is not subjected to any substantial load and no …” „… : Cumulative probability distribution of the idling stop duration Only in 29 % of the idling stops the …”

C. Campanella, K. Huber, G. Monacelli, L. Ungaretti, M. D’Orazio, G. Scotto di vetta, M. Peruzzini, F. Grandi Ergonomic and compact armrest of agricultural tractors – Innovative methods to design an ergonomic armrest S. 243-252

„… controls are mostly used, and measure the comfort index and mental work load for each configuration. On …” „… spatial distribution, number of fixations, as well as the blink rate or blinking frequency …”

M. Sax, R. Latsch, T. Anken, V. Moser, P. Krummenacher Automated site-specific overseeding of grassland S. 165-228

„… control the machine and hence increase its level of automation, easing the cognitive load for the operator …” „… transition function, which for every pair , ∈ assigns a probability distribution | , representing the …” „… : tractor ECU fuel consumption per time (L ha): engine ECU rear linkage forces (N): load cells via …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023617

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Dritev – Drivetrain For Vehicles 2019

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Dritev – Drivetrain For Vehicles 2019

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2354 2019

Results in this title

M. Scherpelz, J. Bernhardt, T. Weyh Simulation of load cycles for commercial vehicle drivelines based on statistical reasoning

„… for the main components. Considering the estimated customer usage, load distributions will be created …” „… Campaign, Fraunhofer ITWM). From the results, the gear distribution and the load cycles for the main …” „… distribution for each measured channel (see Fig. 11). Now, by picking any high quantile in a load distribution …”

U. Stockinger, H. Pflaum, K. Stahl Single vs. multi-cone synchronizers with carbon friction lining – A comparison of load limits and deterioration behavior

„… Single vs. Multi-Cone Synchronizers with Carbon Friction Lining – A Comparison of Load Limits and …” „… efficiency of gear boxes require knowledge about the relative load limits of single and multi-cone …” „… synchronizers with carbon friction linings and their corresponding deterioration mechanisms. Load limits for …”

S. Foulard, S. Rinderknecht, F. Braun, P. Jardin ecoLIFE3: An approach for a resource-efficient dimensioning of vehicle components based on a holistic optimization with real life load data –paradigm shift in transmission engineering based on big dat...

„… Holistic Optimization with Real Life Load Data Paradigm Shift in Transmission Engineering Based on Big …” „… . This is done by so-called load & lifetime monitoring and, eventually, replacing components for the …” „… approach is based on two main aspects. First, the real VDI-Berichte Nr. 2354, 2019214 operation loads are …”

W. Wenzel, M. Eglinger, M. Li, C. Sieg, J. Hengst, F. Küçükay Next generation of 48V HEV

„… ) ‐ Operation of the combustion engine closer to the sweet spot by load point shift and avoiding low load …” „… efficiency into account. Apart from load-dependent losses such as the losses of bearing and gearing …” „… Value Unit vehicle mass (incl. driver) 1600 kg max. load 500 kg frontal area 2.45 m² cD 0.30 fRoll,0 …”

P. Janssen, R. Keizer, T. Rosen Optimization of multi-motor electric drive systems – What is the optimum combination in terms of efficiency and cost?

„… different electric motor types (PMSM, EESM and ASM) were considered in different power distributions front …” „… optimum torque split for lowest energy consumption was determined for all loads and vehicle speeds. Fig …” „… power distribution map. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2354, 2019258 Fig. 04: Approach for optimal power …”

D. Schweigert, M. Mileti, B. Morhard, M. Sedlmair, M. Fromberger, M. Otto, T. Lohner, K. Stahl Innovative transmission concept for hyper-high-speed electromechanical powertrains

„… also in an increased tilting moment which could lead to an unequal load distribution. Finally, the …” „… advantages are offset by new challenges with respect to load capacity, efficiency and NVH behaviour. All …” „… [Idl16] or to reduce the noise emissions by avoiding unfavourable load ratios or input speeds. [Gwi14 …”

S. Johnsen, R. Wexenberger Mechatronic transmission control module for agile AMT Transmission actuation in commercial vehicles

„… handle residual loads, etc. Self-adjustment mechanisms may be categorized into two domains; incremental …” „… the screw element is the main working principle. Providing a position dependent, non-load carrying …” „… cyclic, biand unidirectional load to the clutch push rod and shift forks. Long experience with …”

K. Hasegawa, D. Kosaka, S. Shimizu, K. Kawabata, H. Tsukashima Development of new hybrid AWD system for the SUV segment

„… that acts in accordance with the front/rear dynamic load distribution 2: Slip feedback control that …” „… force distribution ratio in advance based on the load distribution at the front and rear wheels (Eq. 1 …” „… driving force distribution, the feedback control can use this capability to distribute greater driving …”

D. P. Morisco, I. Liviu Iepure Enhanced application of high-performance-computing in the design process of high-power-density traction motors

„… challenging because of the severe constraint of high torque density and thus high current load. The acute …” „… high current load, the bar-wound winding increases the susceptibility of (a …” „… are available for a detailed evaluation. To manage the job submission and distribution effectively a …”

P. Fietkau, N. Lamparsky, M. Felbermaier, A. Fröhlcke, T. Conze Holistic design approach for electric drives

„… digital prototype is built from several DPSs. The Load Spectra DPS and Driving Performance DPS deliver …” „… . 3. Driving Performance DPS and Load Spectra DPS At the start of a project, the vehicle target …” „… department. As the next step, load spectra are created on this basis in the Load Spectra & Test Programs …”

C. Dassler, M. Kurch, M. Nichols NVH-challenges and solution approaches in electric drive development from the supplier‘s view

„… calculations of the resulting spatial and temporal force distribution can be performed. Forces acting in …” „… VDI-Berichte Nr. 2354, 2019356 to speed and load-dependent oscillating forces. These excitations can be …” „… excitation within the transmission, all gear meshes of the input, intermediate and load stages must be …”

A. Gehring, M. Beringer, M. Özdemir Overview of stator technologies motors for electro mobility in passcars – The right technology for each application

„… distribution will come. The variety ranges from micro hybrids to full electric battery driven vehicles. ZF …” „… surface. So the temperature distribution is very unequally and thus the continuous power is limited by the …” „… time. High degree of mechanical loads during production and also in operation damaged the insulation …”

S. Stöhr, R. Koesling, V. Marx New all-wheel drive systems in Mercedes-Benz SUVs

„… torque distribution between the front and rear axles according to the selected drive program. The …” „… transfer case with 50:50 torque distribution. This was also used in the related R-Class VDI-Berichte Nr …” „… by an electronically controlled longitudinal transfer case with variable distribution from 0 to 100 …”

A. Esser, J.-E. Schleiffer, T. Eichenlaub, S. Rinderknecht Development of an optimization framework for the comparative evaluation of the ecoimpact of powertrain concepts

„… . Secondly, more general information about the distribution of trip distances and the total achieved mileage …” „… distribution is shown in Fig. 4. The best cycles, shown on the right, have an error of 1-1,5 %. Regarding …” „… . The second type of required information about trip distance distribution and mean vehicle mileage is …”

M. Lindström Gas powered heavy duty vehicles from Scania: Current program and future potential

„… buses, refuse collection and distribution trucks whereas the 6-cylinder OC13 101, (see Fig. 2 and 3) is …” „… temperature and to increase part load efficiency as the EGR reduces the need for throttling and thus the …”

A. Kinigadner, T. Biermann Schaeffler eAxle family – future solutions for the electric drivetrain

„… expected load cycle. Distributed winding has proven to be advantageous for a high torque density along …” „… electrical system power is required for lateral torque distribution than with drive concepts which have one …” „… acceptance is at a level from 6 to 8 on an ATZ evaluation scale. Medium loads result in a better rating and …”

A. Kooy, R. Seebacher Minimize torsional vibrations – Full isolation if necessary

„… needed torque capacity. For a partial load, it would make sense to use a higher spring rate and use …” „… the so saved spring energy at full load for a lower spring rate. The result is a better isolation at …” „… full load than possible with a constant spring rate, Fig. 10. However, to design degressive spring …”

M. Stulrajter, M. Pacha Challenges of sensorless high-speed drives with PM motors

„… between these two motors is in the shape of magnetic field distribution inside the motor air gap. This …” „… magnetic field distribution, while parallel magnetisation produces a sinusoidal shape of the magnetic field …” „… distribution. [12] Fig. 1: Magnetic field distribution in PM motor As shown in Fig. 1, the sinusoidal …”

K. von Rueden, C. Danzer, J. Liebold, T. Mueller, T. Hirschbeck 1, 2 or 3 – how much it would be? Evaluating the need of multispeed electric drives coming from different perspectives

„… only associated with high motor speeds. In addition, it is advisable to adjust the load of the engine …” „… loads of the machine. Increasing the maximum motor speed does not pose an electromagnetic challenge …” „… ), maximum load on the cages of rolling bearings as a result of smooth running, sealing function and …”

S. Kluemper Benefits of the new Allison 9-speed fully automatic – Medium duty commercial transmission

„… --> VDI-Berichte Nr. 2354, 201968 Neutral at Stop Neutral at Stop is a feature that reduces or eliminates the load …” „… against a 6- Speed AMT with a 4 cylinder engine in a typical distribution truck configuration. Both …” „… vehicles were evaluated on a typical distribution truck duty cycle. In the VECTO analysis the new Medium …”

A. Viehmann, J.-E. Schleiffer, S. Rinderknecht Evaluation of the dedicated range-extender transmission powertrain concept DE-REX regarding efficiency, costs and complexity – Comparative assessment of electric and hybrid powertrain configurations b...

„… load, which is associated with lower efficiency. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2354, 201922 In order to resolve …” „… at low vehicle power demand, since one relatively small EM is then operated at a high specific load …” „… and especially at partial load, a gearshift is not perceivable for the passengers [2]. Therefore, the …”

P. Lück, K. Bennewitz, J. Tousen Volkswagen’s electric drivetrains of the new modular e-drive kit (MEB)

„… an optimum weight distribution of almost 50:50 percent front-to-rear and a low centre-ofgravity. It …” „… front-axle drive The excellent performance of the front-axle machine is also shown by the full-load diagram …” „… . rotational speed, full-load diagram The design of the e-drives is based on a detailed evaluation of the …”

H. Göbbels, S. Scholz, S. Volkmer Efficient 6-speed manual transmission for modern downspeeding solutions

„… efficiency, even at low loads, as a result of its intelligent transmission fluid management capabilities …” „… . Fig. 7: Virtual transmission fluid distribution simulation using the moving reference frame method …” „… the resulting reduced ribbing and modified material distribution. Fig. 10: Optimizing the ribbing …”

C. Möser, T. Märkle, K. Hornung Effective acoustic development of electrified powertrains – Combination of simulation and evaluation methods

„… drive shaft output for the purpose. The load is placed on the gearbox input with a constant torque. At …” „… flows of the two drive shafts in the load case under analysis. Positive values signify power inflow …” „… participating in the actual torsional load flow. The energy analysis of the first drive shaft and of the …”

A. Harsch, G. Clausen, A. Rink Modular system 8G-DCT with all-wheel drive

„… available with the all-wheel drive system 4MATIC with fully variable torque distribution [1]. This will be …” „… torque distribution between the front and rear axles is fully variable. Depending on the driving …” „… are shortened compared to the Comfort program and the load points are shifted to higher rpms. This …”

V. Schroiff A modular Concept for EMI shielding of thermoplastic housings for E-Cars – An innovative approach to support weight saving and function integration

„… electrified powertrains Intelligent topology optimisation to improve system behaviour and power distribution …” „… load cycles for commercial vehicle drivelines based on statistical reasoning 85 M. Scherpelz …”

A. Moser, F. Brezger Efficiency improvements in transmissions using new latching technologies in clutch & hydraulic actuation systems

„… detent contributes to the clamping load. Pressure is only required to keep the snap ring in the detent …” „… condition distribution applies. Here, the mechanical power loss at the oil feed can be calculated to an …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023549

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - LAND.TECHNIK 2020

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

LAND.TECHNIK 2020

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2374 2020

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F. Uptmoor, B. Niemöller Automation methods in computational frame development – Standards in FEA modelling and evaluation allow a high degree of automation in virtual strength verification processes S. 309-314

„… distribution is achieved. Standardization of load assumptions Type approvals according to EU regulation …” „… reliable load assumptions. Agricultural machinery comes in a variety of different load-bearing systems and …” „… the operating loads are manifold. Furthermore, measurement data collection is time-consuming, costly …”

T. Stein Automatic logging and situation-related evaluation of manufacturer independent machine data S. 47-54

„… hectare l/ha are calculated, also the actual working width and the load distribution are assessed. Due to …” „… alternative machine-tool combination for the planned process that may have a better load distribution then …” „… the used machine. A better load distribution of can lead to fuel savings up to 26% [4 …”

M. Nadlinger, J. Karner Investigation of tractor-trailer brake-systems S. 329-334

„… brake load distribution (trailer pushes on the tractor). As a result the tractor's brakes wear out more …” „… farm-site and fields are getting longer. Corresponding to that, the transport loads and speeds of …” „… has to decelerate the whole load only via the tractor´s tires. This can cause dangerous conditions …”

D. Brinkmann, L. Kortenjann, M. Niermann Topology-optimized body structures and possibilities of realization using the example of a combine – feeder house S. 303-308

„… . 1. Introduction The ability of a structure to carry and resist all loads depends on whether the …” „… structure provides a continuous load path. In the development of lightweight structures, knowledge about …” „… load paths is crucial and is the basis for weight reduction measures. In order to identify those load …”

D. Wildner, T. Herlitzius, T. Berg Concept development of a traction management system using the example of a pipe laying machine S. 387-394

„… hydraulically locked with check valves. The line of the resulting tool force (3) describes the dynamic load …” „… transfer from the laying tool to the crawler track. The positive effect of this load transfer on the …” „… variable is restricted (wR). tool – soil interaction tool actuator ‐ + ? ? chassis (load …”

R. Schmetz Energy analyses of different advanced drive systems for agricultural machinery S. 315-322

„… . Restriction to the load case “Heavy traction work” According to the Powermix app of the German Agricultural …” „… standard tractors cover eight load cases. Whether all eight load cases occur during use and which usage …” „… shares they have always depends on the respective operating conditions. In addition, individual load …”

A. Roth, C. Puls Development of a 3-speed gearbox in electric powertrain – Ground drive transmission for a commercial vehicle S. 23-30

„… distribution was also observed and improved in this program. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2374, 202028 Dynamic load …” „… the specification - were run through in the test bench program. Non-load test By means of finely …”

S. Pretsch, M. Rothbart Sustainable Agriculture in an Electrified World – Cradle-to-Grave evaluation of different propulsion systems S. 1-8

„… conventional system) of 3,8 ton. This application is characterized by a diversified load profile due to a wide …” „… today’s engine, depending on the load profile. Parallel hybrid powertrain Fig. 4 shows a P2 hybrid …” „… . Hybrid architectures can increase efficiency through recuperation or load point shifting. Such measures …”

R. Schmetz, R. Hartanto Soil protection and energy savings through efficient energy supply to machines for primary and secondary soil tillage S. 83-92

„… function structure of the most common solution is helpful. Its result for the load case “Heavy traction …” „… load case “Heavy traction work” Variation of the function structure at the input It is well known …” „… distribution on the individual wheels and the rolling resistance are of considerable significance. The last …”

N. Fischer Data insight and expert knowledge combined to maximize uptime S. 55-60

„… machine usage patterns, e.g., in the form of load collectives, AGCO machine design, as developed in …” „… especially beneficial for a global approach of machine distribution considering that a global distribution …”

O. Lagnelöv, P.-A. Hansson Understanding the opportunities and challenges of self-driving, electric field tractors using dynamic discrete-event simulation S. 9-16

„… , though successful applications of battery electric vehicles (BEV) have been shown for farm loaders [2 …” „… time distribution (a), and energy use (b) in the different simulated scenarios. VDI-Berichte Nr …”

P. Flierl Development of a header-prototype in order to increase combine throughput in grain harvest S. 375-382

„… . Those problems mostly refer to existing machinery dimensions and weights. Axle loads are an overall …” „… distribution of the remaining straw. This implicates disadvantages for all following working steps. Especially …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023747

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Bauingenieur

Browse Volumes: Bauingenieur

Bauingenieur Volume 98 (2023) Issue 10 ISSN Online: 0005-6650

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Jürgen Grabe, Anne Hagemann A stochastic approach on modeling the long-term unevenness of pavements considering spatially varying soil properties/Ein stochastischer Ansatz zur Modellierung der langfristigen Entwicklung von Fahrbahnunebenheiten unter Berücksichtigung räumlich variierender Bodeneigenschaften S. 334-340

„… law, re-presenting oedometric conditions. Additionally, a depth depen-dent load distribution is …” „… unevenness deve-lopment. As Figure 5 suggests, the model depicts a depth-dependent lo-ad distribution …” „… varying soil properties, a depth dependent load distribution and the interaction of different soil lay-ers …”

doi.org/10.37544/0005-6650-2023-10

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