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Michael Aeberhard - Object-Level Fusion for Surround Environment Perception in Automated Driving Applications

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Michael Aeberhard

Object-Level Fusion for Surround Environment Perception in Automated Driving Applications

Series: Verkehrstechnik/Fahrzeugtechnik

Volume 804 2017

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Existence Probability S. 93-115

„… , sensor data is far from perfect and false sensor measurements, which do not represent a relevant object …” „… for a specific application, may occur. A false sensor measurement which is interpreted by the object …” „… tracking algorithms as a real measurement is called a false positive. Contrary, a sensor measurement which …”

Sensor Data Fusion Architectures S. 27-45

„… different properties and measurement principles. These types of architectures are called sensor data fusion …” „… Data Sensor N Measurement-to-Measurement Association Measurement-to-Measurement Fusion Tracking Figure …” „… 2.1: Low-level fusion architecture using measurement-to-measurement fusion. Measurement-to-Measurement …”

State and Covariance S. 64-92

„… accomplished in the follow steps: sensor measurement, feature extraction, data association, filtering and track …” „… makes a measurement of the environment using its hardware. This raw sensor data is then pre-processed …” „… , 149, 182, 229]. 64 4.1 Sensor-Level Processing with Tracking Algorithms Sensor Measurement Feature …”

Classification S. 116-132

„… or not. 6.1.1 Measurement Classification The first opportunity to classify object data is with a …” „… sensor measurement, zk, before data association in the tracking process. For some sensors, the …” „… measurements are the raw sensor detections, whereas for other sensors the measurements may already be the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 6.1.1 Measurement Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 6.1.2 Temporal …” „… uncertainty vector of an object f Feature vector of an object m 1-dimensional grid map for geometrical …” „… used for association XI List of Symbols y Attribute vector for classification z Measurement vector A …”

Evaluation S. 133-151

„… control. Each area of the vehicle is observed by at least two sensors of different measurement principles …” „… three sensors, each of a different measurement principle. A four-layer laser scanner with a field of …” „… vehicle is covered by three sensors with two different measurement principles. A wide-angle single-layer …”

Fusion Strategy and Object Association S. 46-63

„… measurement of an object and updated its state at discrete time k− 1 and needs to be temporally aligned to …” „… sensor-level object data as if they were measurements to a Kalman filter algorithm, an approach that is quite …” „… . The error covariance, or uncertainty in the state, for the position is depicted with the dashed …”

References S. 172-202

„… , Y., “Update with Out-of-Sequence Measurements in Tracking: Exact Solution,” IEEE Transactions on …” „… ., and Mallick, M., “One-Step Solution for the Multistep Out-of-Sequence Measurement Problem in Tracking …” „… Method for Out-of-Sequence Measurements,” in IEEE Aerospace Conference, March 2004, pp. 2036–2041. [26 …”

Introduction S. 1-26

„… detection and tracking, where raw measurements from sensors were pre-processed and then fused into a global …” „… measurements from the moment the system is turned on to the current time 21 1 Introduction t, denoted as {Z1 …” „… estimating the environment model conditioned on the previous estimation and current measurement data: p(E(t …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186804129

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Gefahrstoffe

Browse Volumes: Gefahrstoffe

GrdL Volume 84 (2024) Issue 01-02 ISSN Online: 0949-8036

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Cornelia Wippich, Jörg Rissler Berechnung der Messunsicherheit – Teil 3: Verfahrensabhängige mathematische Modelle/Calculation of measurement uncertainty – part 3: method-specific mathematical models S. 39-46

„… of the expanded measure-ment uncertainty, which also determines whether the method is in accordance …” „… with DIN EN 482 and TRGS 402. To be able to calculate the expanded measurement uncertainty, all …” „… calculating the combined standard deviation and the expanded measurement uncertainty is cre -ated step by …”

Wilma Travnicek, Holger Gerwig, Caroline Meyer, Jantje Lina Kalin, Olav Werhahn Ozon-Messungen mit Standard-Referenz- photometern in Deutschland – eine Erfolgsgeschichte mit metrologischer Rückführung/Ozone measurements with standard reference photometers in Germany – a success story with metrological traceability S. 5-13

„… Compari-son BIPM.QM-K1. The measurement uncertainty of ozone mea-surements at UBA is meanwhile below ± 1.3 …” „… data – Guide to the ex-pression of uncertainty in measurement, BIPM, September 2008[16] Hearn, A. G …” „… the international Key Comparison BIPM.QM-K1. The measurement uncertainty of ozone measurements at UBA …”

Reinhard Oppl Reliability of VOC emission chamber testing – A round-robin test with a parquet adhesive, a parquet lacquer, and a levelling compound/Zuverlässigkeit von VOC-Emissionskammerprüfungen – Ein Ringversuch mit einem Parkettklebstoff, einem Parkettlack und einer Verlaufsspachtelmasse S. 51-62

„… adhesive, a parquet lacquer, and a levelling compound. The GEV testing method specifies measurement of VOC …” „… specifies pre-conditioning as an option).• Measurement of the emissions of VOC, SVOC (semi-volatile organic …” „… after extraction with acetonitrile.Most laboratories performed the test chamber air measure-ments as …”

Peter Bächler, Frederik Weis, Sebastian Kohler, Achim Dittler Exploratory measurements of ambient air quality in a residential area applying a diffusion charge based UFP monitor/Orientierende Messungen der Luftqualität in einem Wohngebiet mit einem auf Diffusionsaufladung basierten UFP-Monitor S. 15-22

„… SExploratory measurements of ambient air quality in a residential area applying a diffusion charge based UFP …” „… measurements from official sites regarding ambient concentrati-ons of ultrafine particulate matter (e.g …” „… revision of the EU Ambient Air Quality Directive (Directi-ve 2008/50/EC), the measurement of UFP …”

doi.org/10.37544/0949-8036-2024-01-02

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wt Werkstattstechnik online

Browse Volumes: wt Werkstattstechnik online

wt Volume 105 (2015) Issue 11-12 ISSN Online: 1436-4980

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C. Voigtmann, M. Wiederhold, R. Schmitt Wirtschaftlicher Nachweis der Prüfprozesseignung*/Cost-efficient proof of capability for inspection processes S. 781-786

„… „Guide to the Expres sion of Uncertainty in Measurement“ (GUM) [1]. Ein wesent liches Konzept des GUM ist …” „… .: JCGM (2008) Evaluation of measurement data – Guide to the expression of uncertainty in …” „… „Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement“ – Propagation of distributions using a Monte …”

doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2015-11-12

Christian Schäfer - Messgenauigkeit bei der Ermittlung der Staubkonzentration im Abgas von Kleinfeuerungsanlagen für feste Brennstoffe

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Christian Schäfer

Messgenauigkeit bei der Ermittlung der Staubkonzentration im Abgas von Kleinfeuerungsanlagen für feste Brennstoffe

Series: Umwelttechnik

Volume 258 2016

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Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… uncertainty of the measurement method was calculated theoretically as well as determined practically under …” „… conditions the results for the measurement uncertainty is 7.3%. The accuracy of the measured values has been …” „… measurement uncertainty at real exhaust gas conditions under a wide range of combustion and measuring …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186258151

Sascha Steyer - Grid-Based Object Tracking

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Sascha Steyer

Grid-Based Object Tracking

Series: Mess-, Steuerungs- und Regelungstechnik

Volume 1272 2021

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Measurement Grid Representation and Fusion S. 13-38

„… 2 Measurement Grid Representation and Fusion This chapter introduces the generic occupancy grid …” „… representation of sensor measurement data, which forms the basis of this work. It is shown how different …” „… measurement data of lidar, radar, and camera are modeled and fused within the grid-based framework. The …”

Object State Estimation S. 101-126

„… 5 Object State Estimation The previous chapters have presented how measurement data are processed …” „… radar velocity measurements and camera classification information are evaluated to further improve the …” „… estimation is further enhanced by utilizing radar Doppler velocity measurements with a robust update directly …”

Dynamic Grid Mapping and Particle Tracking S. 39-78

„… and fusion of sensor measurements as measurement grids. The fused measurement grid thereby contains …” „… measurement data that approximately represent a single time instance. This chapter focuses on the subsequent …” „… temporal accumulation of the fused measurement grids over time, i.e., the occupancy grid mapping. As the …”

Evaluation S. 127-164

„… combined with the modeled spatial measurement uncertainty and the simple measurement simulation directly on …” „… m, with measurement rates between 16–25Hz. Details of the two different low- and high-mounted lidar …” „… vehicle further consists of high-precision inertial measurement units (IMU). 6.1.2 Main Processing Steps …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… accumulate measurement data by a dynamic occupancy grid model, whereas moving objects are extracted …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2 Measurement Grid Representation and Fusion 13 2.1 Introduction …” „… Measurement Grids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2.3.1 Generic Position-Based …”

Object Extraction and Association S. 79-100

„… combines the uncertainty of the association with the measurement uncertainty if a cell is actually occupied …” „… robust occupancy grid mapping with a temporal accumulation of the fused measurement grids in dynamic …” „… Introduction Object detection is an essential task with the aim of abstracting measurement data toward a more …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186272089

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