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Juan José Wilhelm Victoria Villeda - Reaction Network Generation and Evaluation for the Design of Biofuel Value Chains

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Juan José Wilhelm Victoria Villeda

Reaction Network Generation and Evaluation for the Design of Biofuel Value Chains

Series: Verfahrenstechnik

Volume 950 2017

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Introduction S. 1-10

„… are high: long-term replacement of fossil fuels, replenishment on a short time-scale and abundant …” „… either soil, water or air. Fuels from biomass are one promising alternative to fossil fuels; biomass is …” „… ). Their high energy densities and similarity to fossil fuels in terms of thermophysical properties, short …”

Bibliography S. 170-186

„… automotive fuels and powertrains in the European context. SAE Trans, 113(4):1072–1084. Ellson, J., Gansner, E …” „… : Challenges for process systems engineering. AIChE J, 49(6):1350–1358. Barberis, F., Barone, R., and Chanon, M …” „… Development Corporation. Cai, C. M., Zhang, T., Kumar, R., and Wyman, C. E. (2014). Integrated furfural …”

Case studies S. 95-127

„… ”Tailor-Made Fuels from Biomass” (TMFB) as a high performing biofuel synthesis process (Voll and Marquardt …” „… performance indicators of both processes are determined using the same metrics. 3-MTHF is a fuel that is …” „… frequently employed production process for CI-suited biofuels. FAME fuel is produced via trans-esterification …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… - Property models 151 E - Evaluation criteria 153 E.1 Material balance related criteria …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 E.2 Economic criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 E.3 …” „… Environmental criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 E.4 Energetic criteria …”

Network evaluation strategy S. 77-94

„… . Criteria that can serve as objective functions are summarized in Appendix E. 78 5.2 Multi-stage network …” „… and environmental impact. The collocated evaluation criteria are presented in Appendix E. In previous …” „… in conjunction with the initially defined target compound to form a fuel blend that fulfills the …”

Appendices S. 132-169

„… pmaxFS = RT− IC·z1−(1+z)−t M inFS (E.11) Minimum fuel price $/kg pminT = CFS+ IC·z 1−(1+z)−t MoutT (E.12 …” „… mathematical preliminaries of set theory. A.1 Graph theory A simple graph G(V,E) is an ordered pair of a …” „… non-empty vertex set V (G) and a nonempty edge set E(G). Each element of e ∈ E(G) is said to be an edge …”

Reaction network generation: Introduction to the basic algorithm S. 11-54

„… was underlined by awarding the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1990 to James E. Corey (James, 1993) for …” „… metabolic intermediates. The generated model was used for optimizing the anaerobic operation of E. coli …” „… split (ii) Database of retro-synthetic reactions, reactions are applied to strategic bonds e 1992 SOL …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186950031

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Ventiltrieb und Zylinderkopf 2017

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Ventiltrieb und Zylinderkopf 2017

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2291 2017

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M. Breuer, G. Bartsch, R. Friedfeldt, U. Heiter, U. Kramer, M. Lauterbach, T. Schorn, S. Siebrandt 3- Cylinder SI Engine with fully variable Valve Train – UpValve on Intake and Exhaust Side S. 27-44

„… the weights of air and (gaseous) fuel molecules. Thus, the engine output is inVBMEP e inV dc …” „… driving distance x from an internal combustion engine (ICE) is linked to fuel properties (a), engine …” „… efficiency (b) and the actual road load (c): c Avcagfm ba Hdx dm d Air R eU FCCO …”

F. Himsel, W. Christgen, V. Schmidt Trends im Ventiltrieb – Variabilitäten für zukünftige Ottound Dieselanwendungen S. 7-26

„… DA : C yl in de r D e‐ Ac tiv at io n CPS CDA 2/3 Fig. 2: Cost-benefit ratios based on fuel …” „… requirements of the respective eras, but also by technical progress, e.g. with regards to controls and complex …” „… concepts such as Miller or Atkinson. The hurdle in this competition is not only lowest specific fuel …”

N. Auffret, M. Moretti, D. Palmisani Modular Valve Train Systems for Heavy-Duty engines S. 199-210

„… . The drive engine must show very high performance in term of fuel economy, emissioncompliancy and …” „… following constraints into account: Low availability of ultra-low sulphur fuels around the world …” „… , 2017206 Fig. 13: left: Sulphur content in fuels all around the world [7], right: actual measured sulphur …”

R. Janak, J. Baltrucki Next Generation of Valve Train Technology for Engine Braking and More S. 223-240

„… valve is opened before Top Dead Center compression (TDCc) and the fuel is deactivated (see Fig 1 …” „… described in Fuchs et al[2] Several fuel efficiency trends are driving the need for improvements to …” „… backpressure turbochargers that will trade low speed braking performance for fuel economy. It is critical that …”

T. Fink, F. Zimmermann Innovative Kettentriebsysteme für die Automobilindustrie S. 107-126

„… the influence of soot content in engine oil, are presented accordingly. Reducing fuel consumption is …” „… to optimize fuel consumption are shown. On the one hand, these measures can be achieved by changing …” „… Timing Chain 0,00 0,02 0,04 0,06 0,08 0,10 0,12 0,14 0,16 0,18 0,20 0 100 200 300 400 500 W ea rE lo ng …”

C. Beerens, H. Heckendorn, C. Luven Transiente Ventiltemperaturmessung an HD-Ventilen S. 241-260

„… auf die Thermodynamik des Ventiltriebes d. Es gibt bis zu 4 Messstellen pro Ventil e. Die …” „… Zylinderkopf Abbildung 4: Schaft Kehle Teller Sitz Teller A A E E VDI-Berichte Nr. 2291, 2017 245 Ein …” „… Cooling of Exhaust Valves for Improvement in Hot Corrosion Resistibility”, Bulletin of the M.E …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181022917

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Dritev – Drivetrain For Vehicles 2018

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Dritev – Drivetrain For Vehicles 2018

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2328 2018

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M. Bahne, U. Frey, G. Schlager Transmission technology contribution to CO2 roadmap – a benchmark

„… (48V, HV plug-in, e-axle, HV e-drive). Fuel consumption can be reduced through high-voltage hybrids …” „… highest fuel savings – i.e., emission reductions – in urban and extraurban areas, but highway travel also …” „… AWD e-Drive as a P4 hybrid. In this context, Magna and GETRAG have focused on the analysis of …”

C. Danzer, T. Voigt, T. Günther, R. Tröger From fleet requirements to optimized Dedicated Hybrid Powertrains

„… Verbrennungsmotor, Getriebe, E-Maschine, Leistungselektronik und Batterie vor dem Hintergrund von Fahrzeugen und …” „… freedom in changing the preferences for the fuel consumption characteristics. In dependency of the hybrid …” „… significant to achieve minimal fuel consumptions and emission levels. In contrast to conventional powertrains …”

K. Bennewitz, A. Mann Powertrain electrification exemplified by the VW Golf

„… batterieelektrisch betriebenen Fahrzeuge e-up! und e-Golf. Mit Hilfe dieser Konzepte gewonnene Erkenntnisse und …” „… Funktionen Freilauf und Start-Stopp dar. Elektrifizierungskompetenz zeigt Volkswagen auch beim neuen e …” „… . Examples are the Touareg Hybrid and the Jetta Hybrid, the pure electric vehicles e-up! and e-Golf as well …”

T. Högnäs, G. Beldie 48 volt torque vectoring electric rear drive module (eRDM) – Excellent driving dynamics with significant CO2 savings

„… mass and low efficiency and implicitly negative impact on fuel economy and CO2. The eRDM showcases the …” „… 48 Volt Torque Vectoring Electric Rear Drive Module (eRDM) Excellent driving dynamics with …” „… reduction in CO2 and improved fuel efficiency. In the torque vectoring mode the electrical motor actively …”

R. Savelsberg, P. Griefnow, G. Birmes, A. Sehr Advanced powertrain functions of 48 V hybrid vehicles – Efficient powertrains does not exclude driving pleasure

„… Zusatzverdichter (eV) mit einer elektrischen Leistung von bis zu 6,5 kW eingesetzt, um die Dynamik der Aufladung …” „… powertrain functionality. The functions relating to fuel economy are regenerative braking, intelligent load …” „… performance and fuel economy of the vehicle. Together with predictive sailing and regenerative braking, the …”

M. Kneißler, R. Welter, M. Baumann Entry hybridization of manual transmission drivetrains – A review of P0/P1 structures with an automated clutch

„… it is not a good idea to disregard the potential of new technologies to reduce fuel consumption and …” „… enlarge the portion of driving without injecting fuel significantly, and whenever it is possible, to …” „… arrangement. But unfortunately, most drivers will never meet the optimum of fuel-saving driving then – and …”

G. Bednarek, K. Geratz, H. Chariou The all-new 8-speed AT for the Opel Grandland X

„… . The lightweight and compact design combines improved shift quality and fuel efficiency. The torque …” „… line pressure control and a flexible lubrication flow volume control contribute to a fuel consumption …” „… optimized for fuel consumption benefits by specific shift maps and idle sailing functionality, while the …”

C. Schmahl, W. Hildebrandt, D. Reith The impact of efficiency enhanced drivetrain components on the energy consumption of electric and conventional vehicles

„… Auch im Zeichen der E-Mobilität hat die Entwicklung von wirkungsgradoptimierten …” „… systems (i.e. combustion type engines) the avoidance of CO2 penalty was in strong focus, for electrified …” „… engaged, no fuel is used. The engine’s drag torque can support the braking action to a minor extent. In …”

W. van Harselaar, M. Brouwer, T. Hofman A generic transmission model for hybrid electric drives – Integration of the dynamic behavior of all conventional-, electric-, and hybrid-transmission mode types in a single model

„… on the drivetrain topology, and can determine, e.g., the torque split. The outputs of the …” „… drivetrain topologies that are built from the listed components, as e.g. in Fig. 1. Stick diagrams are …” „… ) where is the chemical energy from the fuel used by the ICE and is the electrical energy delivered by …”

Y. Endo Development of new torque converter lockup control for new generation of infiniti QX50

„… output and fuel economy at the optimal compression ratio. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2328, 201880 Fig. 2 …” „… compression ratio region, which contributes to lower fuel consumption. The expanded region of slip lockup …” „… driveability and fuel economy. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2328, 201882 Moreover, an electric oil pump system …”

I. Andrasec, B. Jeitler AVL’s future hybrid X mode – A modular transmission family concept

„… provision in the form of conventional fuels, e-fuels or electricity are being vividly discussed [2 …” „… combination and the e-machine on the one hand. On the other hand it can improve fuel efficiency without …” „… ihre Modularität, was sie für verschiedene LoE (Levels of Electrification) geeignet macht. Das heißt, …”

M. Roßhuber, G. Schromm, K. Kranz The new BMW automatic transmission – Challenges in development

„… reduced friction losses at the same time. More sportiness and driving pleasure with less fuel consumption …” „… transmission: Reduction of fuel consumption and CO2 Fulfillment of the emission requirements …” „… hand, maintaining a part of the hardware even allows the know-how (e.g. clutch control, shift programs …”

G. van Spijk, A. Klaassen, A. van der Leest, A. Brandsma, M. Tweehuysen CVT: dedicated to hybrid solutions – Setting the benchmark on all KPI’s

„… . Moreover, the excellent fuel economy, comfort and cost benefits have made the CVT the preferred …” „… transmission solution in many regions world-wide. While the trend for improved fuel economy is expected to …” „… machine (e-machine). Fig. 3: Hybrid configurations pure ICEICE 48VxHEVEV New passenger cars incl …”

D. Güth, J. Haupt, T. Gassmann Seamless-shift two-speed eAxle with torque vectoring

„… Seamless-Shift Two-Speed eAxle with Torque Vectoring Lastschaltfähige Zweigang-eAchse mit …” „… Driveline hat diese Trend aufgegriffen und mit dem eTwinsterX ein neuartiges, sehr kompakt bauendes …” „… und rekuperiert werden kann. Insbesondere ist mit der Zweigängigkeit auch der Betrieb des eMotors im …”

W. Guo, M. Jordan, X. Xu The application of fast and efficient clutch coordination control in a P2 hybrid automatic transmission

„… acceleration performance and fuel economy two important design goals for transmissions today. P2 hybrid …” „… The hybrid electric vehicle not only has superior driving performance but also can reduce the fuel …” „… change in transferred torque. (5) On-coming to On-coming, Off-going to Holding(CH) As shown in Fig.5 (e …”

S. Rinderknecht, A. Esser, P. Jardin Relevance of multidimensional real-driving optimization for the development of a battery-electric vehicle 5.0

„… (ICE) drivetrains are optimized with a focus on fuel consumption in standardized cycles to meet legal …” „… , are optimized with a focus on fuel consumption in standardized cycles, since range is not a problem …” „… primary energy demand in the case of a BEV. E 1 | ∗ | max 0, ∗ ∗ (6) E 1 | ∗ | max 0, ∗ ∗ (7) | min …”

P. Maurel, N. Termenon, Philippe Kraemer, I. Sogoba Efficient hybrid clutch actuator

„… without actuating clutch pedal and of course fuel saving with idle coasting. Then, this manual …” „… transmission piloted main clutch, with the different combinations of e-machines can be used to offer hybrid …” „… stop coasting and regenerative breaking functions. 48V e-machine, in P3 position, on a manual gearbox …”

F. Mühlfeld, M. Hochrein, N. Schmidt-Winkel, J. Buhl Electrified automated manual transmission (eAMT) – Synergies by combining an electric drive with an automated transmission

„… Electrified automated manual transmission (eAMT) Synergies by combining an electric drive with …” „… . Mit eAMT (electrified automated manual transmission) bietet ZF ein Hybridsystem für den Front-Quer …” „… zu steigern. Die Kombination bestehender Produkte für das eAMT-System hält die Kosten für die …”

A. Dietrich, H. Klampfl “Friction Stir Welding” – Lightweight through manufacturing technology – The path from a concept to revolutionary gearbox manufacturing

„… anticipate a noticeable increase of fuel consumption by the required additional mechanical components. An …” „… 90°) from the longitudinal (e.g. propeller shaft) to the transversal direction (figure 3). The …” „… of Al- housings - not for a traditional mechanical system, but for a High Voltage e-Drive product …”

B. Chamberlin, E. Gold HEV P2 module concepts for different transmission architectures clutch and e-motor options

„… . Within the P2 functional e-position, there are two primary different physical locations possible. This …” „… and E-motor Options Brad Chamberlin, BorgWarner Power Drive Systems, USA; Eckart Gold, BorgWarner …” „… Transmission Systems, Germany VDI-Berichte Nr. 2328, 2018 441 Figure 1: common nomenclature for HEV e …”

R. Bredtmann, M. Beck, O. Mühlfeld, K. Olesen, O. Shajarati Robust multi-chip power module for effective integration to automotive powertrains – Danfoss DCM™1000 meets future automotive requirements

„… requirements in large international markets ask for drastic improvement in fuel efficiency and reduction of …” „… , challenging the involved bonding- and joining technology. With a standard approach, e.g. aluminum bond wire …” „… geometrically arrange halfbridge power modules. One example is a ring-type layout, e.g. on the bearing shield …”

M. Behzad, V. Saxena, M. Schaefer Thermal-hydrodynamic optimization of grooves in a wet clutch

„… Transmission Fluid (ATF) (see e.g., [6] [7]). Nevertheless, such often one or two dimensional …” „… enter the domain from each cell face at this boundary is limited by the averaged mass flux, i.e …” „… cell, i.e., 0.0 < VFATF < 1.0. It is known that the inflow into the clutch plates is not a single …”

R. Stehr, A. Götz, M. Ciesek, S. Köpfler, M. Finsterbusch, R. Willeke Future Schaeffler CVT concepts with an innovative actuation system

„… potential for increasing the level of efficiency. In fact, consumption simulations show fuel savings of up …” „… . Specifically, this involves keeping the actuators’ design power, i.e. the main factor for costs, size, and …” „… , e.g. for integration in the transmission as a cartridge solution or optionally as an add-on actuator …”

T. Smejkal, C. Wirth Innovative transmission topologies using the example of a P2-hybridtransmission for front-transverse applications

„… Hybridvariante als P2-Struktur, auch bei Entfall des Drehmomentwandlers, nur für kleine E- Maschinen darstellen …” „… reducing the fuel consumption by choosing the suitable gear for the current driving situation. Therefore …” „… gear sets or combinations of both. Thereby, the advantages of AT (e.g. high power density with …”

D. Evenschor, D, Dennin, P. Tenberge Automated design concept generation of automatic transmissions – Design concept generation based on results of transmission synthesis

„… fuel consumption and low vehicle emissions, requires innovative drivetrain concepts. In the field of …” „… topology draft of this topology. Needed information are e.g.: - Type and number of gear elements …” „… elements Due to this information and a chosen vehicle class (corresponding to Euro Car Segment C, D, E …”

U. Reichert, F. Busch, S. Ott, K. Bause Potential of lightweight design of a vehicle transmission by usage of high strength steels

„… enables vehicle manufacturers to reduce vehicle mass in order to reduce fuel consumption, minimize CO2 …” „… massive formed components, e.g. shafts and gear wheels. Therefore, different transmissions are chosen as …” „… dual clutch transmission of a passenger car (DCT), e-CVT hybrid transmission of a passenger car …”

M. Werra, A. Ringleb, C. Sieg, F. Küçükay Thermal behavior of 48 V hybrid systems

„… significant reduction of the fuel consumption. The Institute of Automotive Engineering developed a modular …” „… components, e.g. a chip, bonding wire, ceramic circuit carrier, cooling paste and cooling sink. In most cases …” „… integration of semiconductor power modules Current solutions for hybrid module concepts and E-axles 48-V …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023280

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Technische Zuverlässigkeit 2023

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Technische Zuverlässigkeit 2023

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2409 2023

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T. Pfeiffer Brennstoffzellen unter dynamischen Lasten in der Mobilität S. 53-68

„… sind bereits in Pkw (z. B. Hyundai Nexo) und Linienbussen (z.B. Van Hool A12 Fuel Cell) verfügbar. Im …” „… Bereich Nfz laufen bereits seit einigen Jahren Praxistests (z. B. Hyundai Xcient Fuel Cell), die breite …” „… weichen Matrix und harten Fasern, die alle parallel und gerade durch die Matrix laufen. Der E-Modul von …”

S. Hagmeyer, P. Zeiler Verwendung von Kenntnissen über den Degradationsprozess beim Training eines künstlichen neuronalen Netzes zur Steigerung der Vorhersagegenauigkeit einer Prognose der verbleibenden nutzbaren Lebensdau... S. 203-218

„… improved condition-based maintenance,“ Big Sky, MT, USA, 2002. [3] E. Hüllermeier und W. Waegeman …” „… Learning, Bd. 110, Nr. 3, pp. 457-506, 2021. [4] P. V. Coveney, E. R. Dougherty und R. R. Highfield, „Big …” „… and Engineering Sciences, Bd. 374, Nr. 2080, 2016. [5] G. E. Karniadakis, I. G. Kevrekidis, L. Lu, P …”

P. Adler, R. Mallwitz Zuverlässigkeitsuntersuchung eines Klimakompressors im E-Fahrzeug – Herleitung eines Belastungsprofils und Analyse des Hauptstressfaktors zur Lebensdauerabschätzung von Elektrolytkondensatoren S. 97-110

„… Zuverlässigkeitsuntersuchung eines Klimakompressors im E-FahrzeugHerleitung eines Belastungsprofils …” „… E-Mobilität. Während beiVerbrennerfahrzeugen eine typische Betriebsdauer von 8.000 bis 10.000 …” „… Kältemittelverdichter (kurz eKMV) Betriebsstunden von über 20.000 h innerhalb von 15 Jahren angenommen werden. Um eine …”

F. Mauthe, M. Braig, P. Zeiler Evaluierung der Güte von datengetriebenen Methoden zur Lebensdauerprognose technischer Systeme unter Berücksichtigung von Zeitreihencharakteristiken S. 243-256

„… tools evaluation. Inter-national Journal of Prognostics and Health Management 8 (2017) 3 [2] Zio, E …” „… ., Saif, M., Orchard, M. E., Razavi-Far, R. u. Khorasani, K.: Failure Prognosis and Applications—A Survey …” „… , K., Li, P. u. Li, M.: A Novel Remaining Useful Life Prediction Method for Hydrogen Fuel Cells Based …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024096

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VDI nachrichten

Browse Volumes: VDI nachrichten

VDI nachrichten Volume 78 (2024) Issue 04 ISSN Online: 0042-1758

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Oliver Schönfeld „Klimaneutralität wäre schneller möglich“ S. 3

„… : Elektromobilität, E-Fuels, Biokraftstoffe, Methanol-to-Gasoline (MtG), Was-serstoffverbrenner, Brennstoffzelle …” „… . Nach den dortigen Plänen werden E-Fuels eine bedeutende Rolle in der wirtschafts-politisch geprägten …” „… Reduction Act (IRA) große Investitionen zum Aufbau einer E-Fuels-Infrastruktur. Ähnliches würde ich mir für …”

Kathleen Spilok Wie KI im Unternehmen funktioniert S. 32

„… : 045360990Prüf-/Bauingenieur (m/w/d) mit baustoffkundlichem InteresseSäurefliesner-Vereinigung e …” „… ENGINEERING GMBH, Nürnberg, Augsburg, Stuttgart, München ID: 045360864E/E System Integration Engineer …” „… WW-Personalkonzepte e.K.Großraum Hamburg ID: 045364314Elektroingenieur*in – Fachbereichsleitung Elektro- und …”

doi.org/10.51202/0042-1758-2024-04

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