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VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Kupplungs- und Bremssysteme für mobile und stationäre Anwendungen

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Kupplungs- und Bremssysteme für mobile und stationäre Anwendungen

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2414 2023

Results in this title

L. Pointner-Gabriel, K. Voelkel, H. Pflaum, K Stahl A Methodology for Data-driven Modeling and Prediction of the Drag Losses of Wet Clutches S. 125-154

„… A Methodology for Data-driven Modeling and Prediction of the Drag Losses of Wet Clutches M.Sc …” „… 125 Abstract In wet clutches, load-independent drag losses occur in the disengaged state and under …” „… reliably by means of costly and time-consuming measurements. As an alternative, the drag losses can already …”

C. Sax, A. Stroh, R. Leister, M. Dreisbach, J. Kriegseis, C. Denda, P. Bürk Fluid-mechanical evaluation of different clutch geometries based on experimental and numerical investigations S. 109-124

„… vectoring modules, have losses in the disengaged state that contribute in the range of one digit percentage …” „… to the energy losses in the drive train. Therefore, causing additional energy consumption, which …” „… causes increased CO2 production and further wear on parts in the drive train. The losses induced in the …”

R. Leister, B. Frohnapfel, J. Kriegseis Die Strömung in einer offenen nasslaufenden Lamellenkupplung – The fluid flow in an open wet clutch S. 99-108

„… . It allows an improved gain of knowledge regarding the generated drag torque and the physical process …” „… . Parameters contributing to power loss in disengaged wet clutches. SAE Transactions, 83:2498–2507, 1974. ISSN …” „… , M. Kubota, M. Ogawa, and N. Takakura. Prediction of drag torque in a disengaged wet clutch of …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… Methodology for Data-driven Modeling and Prediction of the Drag Losses of Wet Clutches 125L. Pointner-Gabriel …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024140

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Drivetrain for Vehicles 2016

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Drivetrain for Vehicles 2016

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2276 2016

Results in this title

S. A. Pahlovy, S. Faria Mahmud, M. Kubota, M. Ogawa, N. Takakura Improvement of transmission efficiency by reducing the drag torque in disengaged wet clutch – Development of a model for calculating drag torque or spin loss of disengaged wet clutch of transmission S. 879-896

„… Development of a model for calculating drag torque or spin loss of disengaged wet clutch of transmission …” „… efficiency of clutch performance by reducing the drag torque (DT) or spin loss. To reduce the drag torque …” „… Improvement of transmission efficiency by reducing the drag torque in disengaged wet clutch …”

O. Back, A. Damm, P. Echtler Clutches with positive fit for Automatic Transmissions S. 221-230

„… related required number of frictional elements result in significant drag loss when the shifting elements …” „… clutch allows drag loss to be significantly reduced, without considerably increasing control-related …” „… requirements. As shown in Fig. 1, the goal is to reduce drag loss, maintain the actuating force, and …”

T. M. Wolf Optimizing the gearbox efficiency rate by rolling bearings – Six speed manual transmission for front wheel drive cars S. 281-296

„… bearings drag losses vary with the engaged gear (1 to 6) too. It is also vital to emphasize that there is …” „… bearing arrangement – can result in a significant reduction of power loss. With the focus on CO2-savings …” „… conditions, functional bearing stiffness and ultimately a reduced bearing power loss at the same time the …”

R. König, A. Viehmann, S. Rinderknecht Development of the transmission control for a High-Speed Multi-Gear Powertrain Concept for Electric Vehicles S. 543-562

„… order to reduce the drag losses caused by the transmission and EM2. For STM1 no information about the …” „… and drag curves of the subtransmissions and the mechanical part of the electric machines, loss and …” „… performance of an electric vehicle. Furthermore, powertrain losses can be reduced by implementing an …”

M. Maisch, M. Homm, U. Keller The Highly Efficient 9GH-TRONIC Plug-In Hybrid Transmission by Mercedes-Benz S. 339-352

„… lubrication in purely electric driving, and the drag losses are reduced to a minimum. This makes a major …” „… driving, as a result of which the drag losses are reduced to a minimum. The efficiency advantages of the …” „… pairs of plates with a very low drag torque, and is actuated hydraulically. The clutch allows …”

R. Kronstorfer, F. Kolb, U. Pinschmidt Audi quattro – Four wheel drive becomes more efficient S. 369-382

„… system efficiency has been significantly increased. Additional losses in an all-wheel drive system …” „… is driven by the road and wheels thereby incurring friction and churning losses. In order to make a …” „… mode, the rotating plates fling the clutch oil into a reservoir in order to reduce drag torque …”

F. Markowsky Efficient Friction – Use of modern tools in friction system development S. 637-644

„… efficiency of the friction system from the manufactures view and deduction of development targets, the drag …” „… with a parallel complete compensation of inner parasitic losses, induced by sealings and bearings. In …” „… ] Drag torque phase III II I C yan M agenta Y ellow B lack 60_2276_M arkow sky.pdf M ai 17, 2016 | 15:39:17 7 dr …”

A. Albers, U. Reichert, S. Ott, A. Radimersky Software supported development of a Battery Electric Vehicle powertrain considering the efficiency S. 321-338

„… raise with higher speed [11]. In addition, losses in the shifting occur elements like drag losses and …” „… battery systems this could also be attained by multispeed gearboxes to reduce the losses in power …” „… greasing system etc. This increases gearbox volume and losses. Gearing and Bearing losses could be …”

J. Winchester, A. Favale, S. A. Martin Lightweight, Highly Efficient Drive System S. 667-680

„… losses created within the machine. This means that an intelligent cooling/air circulating design is …” „… towing conditions generating high turning losses and heat when pulled for extended periods. With the …” „… stages will rotate under towing conditions subsequently reducing gearbox drag, heat and noise. This …”

S. Fujimoto, N. Shiomura, K. Sato, Y. Kawahara The Trend and Future of Torque Converter for CVT S. 869-878

„… 2276, 2016 869 to the development of variator design and the reduction of friction loss with low …” „… drag. Fig. 11: Pulley doesn’t reach to the target 7- Performance balance of TC for CVT At the damper …”

D. Kupka, P. Tenberge Automated concept design for the evaluation of favourable AT structures S. 193-206

„… transmission components for high cost efficiency and low mechanical drag losses. To fulfil these contrary …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181022764

VDI-Wissensforum GmbH - DRITEV – Drivetrain for Vehicles 2021

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VDI-Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

DRITEV – Drivetrain for Vehicles 2021

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2381 2021

Results in this title

T. Skubacz, C. Burkhardt, S. Krischke Shift Elements for Electric and Hybrid Drivetrains – Shift elements with low drag losses, high actuation energy efficiency and integrated overload protection S. 487-498

„… Shift Elements for Electric and Hybrid Drivetrains Shift elements with low drag losses, high …” „… small amount of play in the actuation engagement ensures low drag losses and freedom from axial forces …” „… in addition to high energy efficiency for holding and changing the state and low drag and friction …”

S. Kaimer Power to the Wheels – Challenges and Benefits of Electrified AWD for EVs and Hybrid vehicles S. 117-124

„… elimination of the longitudinal propeller shaft and hypoids with related drag losses. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2381 …” „… . It comes with relevant drag losses in the clutches, otherwise shows good response times …” „… electrical power, and a decoupling device is required to avoid drag losses. eTV The eTV drive type, like …”

T. Kaufhold, F. Schneider, O. Groneberg, A. Moser Modular Starting and Damping System integrated in 48V Hybrid Architectures – Efficient Starting System for Hybrid Vehicle Architectures S. 347-360

„… conjunction with a simplified pinion starter, this efficient ICE starting system has no losses at and above …” „… is limited by the smaller battery size, for which reason system efficiency and reduced losses grow …” „… system-related losses depending on engine speed, which ends up in a lowered overall system efficiency. This …”

S. Idler, C. Bünder Scaling the functionality of a DCT-based DHD to segmentspecific requirements – The new high torque DHD Plus S. 241-254

„… the highest gear, the EM can be disconnected, avoiding EM drag losses. At the same time, the 120 kW …” „… controlled actuation of C1 and C2, the EM torque can drag the engine up to the required ignition speed. To …” „… common general design benefits like reduced splash losses [4]. While the ICE can be decoupled as …”

F. Langhammer, A. Kappes, A. Viehmann, S. Rinderknecht Novel “Two-Drive-Transmission for Long-Range” Powertrain: Ecology and Efficiency meet Driving Comfort S. 207-228

„… ) for a full hybrid with more percentual usage of the ICE because of ASMs’ lower drag losses. For pure …” „… power shifters. This eliminates the unwanted losses of friction clutches (friction losses, drag losses …” „… to drag losses, since it is not connected to the transmission output any more. Afterwards, in phase …”

B. Krüger, G. Filomeno, D. Dennin, P. Tenberge Holistic Design of All-Wheel Drive Electric Powertrains Using a Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm S. 377-394

„… drag torque would require decoupling both drive shafts, which is not considered in this paper. While …” „… maximum torque or minimal loss, resulting in a full load torque curve and a respective efficiency map …” „… . For IMs the tool is adapted, so that iron losses are neglected at zero output torque [6]. Further …”

F. Müller-Deile Advanced design of electric machines for trailers with electric axles S. 653-668

„… and reducing the losses of the drivetrain, reducing rolling resistance and air drag, predictive …” „… the ICE produces a drag torque. This drag torque leads to a brake energy of 6 kWh. This is why the …” „… to the losses of the e- Drive system finally 40.5 kWh are then recuperated and stored in the battery …”

M. Dilzer BorgWarner P2 Modules – from HV to 48V S. 35-46

„… has positive secondary effects on the level of drag torque within the rotating parts of the module …” „… pump, AC etc. are consequently electrified, associated losses and packaging space can be dropped. This …” „… many evolutionary (small) efficiency measures to cut down the friction losses – like in bearings …”

R. Kockisch, J. Müller, Erik Schneider Modular transmission systems for future BEV platform applications S. 11-22

„… speeds is the zero drag loss for the second gear justified to a normally closed second gear while dog …” „… clutch of the first gear is open without drag losses. The variation for the electric machine is based on …”

R. R. Kasibhatla, P. Neidhardt, K. Caliskan Thermal Simulation according to Maturity Level in E-Drive Development S. 61-76

„… electromagnetic losses in electric drives into account to compute the thermal behavior of electric drive. The …” „… local thermal losses are implemented in each subdomain continuum, which interacts with the other …” „… numerical simulation. As simulation input the electro-magnetic losses from electric machine, splash and …”

A. Nees Flexible Electro-hydraulic Actuation System for Multi-speed Electrified Drivetrains – Requirements and Concept S. 275-290

„… efficiency can be gained by reducing drag and electrical losses. This can be interesting, especially for …” „… in cost, weight and drag losses. Actuation systems therefore play a major role in the value equation …” „… penalties in cost, weight and package. Furthermore, an actuation system is needed, which adds to the losses …”

C. Schmidt, H. Dhejne, J. Karlsson High Efficient 2 speed e-Axle – Highly efficient and shiftable under load S. 145-158

„… the second gear only, therefore drag losses in first gear need to be avoided as much as possible …” „… comfortable power shift with low-loss gear shifting with manageable control effort. With this innovative …” „… have lower switching losses than state of the art IGBT solutions and allows to increase the switching …”

J. De Landtsheere TREMEC HYbrid DRive Axle – HYDRA – Hybridization enables RWD dynamics in a FWD car S. 125-144

„… TM losses), direct response of the electric assistance in hybrid mode regardless of ICE drivetrain …” „… oil, improving churning losses and clutch controllability. The offset between input and output shafts …” „… between the clutch plates to ensure minimal drag torque with open clutches. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2381 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… low drag losses, high actuation energy efficiency and integrated overload protection …”

P. Barve Gear Design Challenges of 2-speed-AMT High Torque E-Drives S. 499-516

„… to minimize drag losses. Fig. 4 shows the design process that is followed for the transmissions …”

G. Herbillon Performances Validation of an electrically-commanded dog clutch system for multi-speed and disconnectable eDrives S. 255-274

„… (such as e-motor drag torque, bearings drag torque, gears churning losses, sealing losses), the …” „… packs’ complexity. - Efficiency: Low drag torque, traction motor operation within its best efficiency …” „… secondary axle with disconnection clutch for efficiency optimization. As all types of losses are tracked …”

M. Muether, B. Heuser, L. Virnich, A. Guedden, T. Luediger, D. van der Put Development trends towards CO2-neutral powertrains for HD applications S. 529-550

„… losses and reducing engine friction improves efficiency by ~1.0 %points. In the second phase an updated …” „… , aerodynamic drag improvements and electrification of the propulsion system will massively reduce the energy …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023815

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - International Conference on Gears 2023

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

International Conference on Gears 2023

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2422 2023

Results in this title

W. Ramdane, C. Changenet, S. S. Ouali, C. Chevrel-Fraux, P. Casanova Thermal model of a planetary gear set using an isothermal approach S. 451-466

„… , and show that the conventional drag losses for planetary gears cannot be used, due to the predominance …” „… lossesTooth friction power losses W Mo Load independent torque lossesN.m ρoil Oil density kg/m3Sm Surface of …” „… losses W PB,0 Load independent bearing power lossesW PB,l load independent bearing power lossesW Pseals …”

A. F. İnceel, B. Özkan, B. Karba, M. Vardar A study on the efficiency prediction of a gear bearing drive by means of mathematical modelling S. 1135-1146

„… of conventional bearings. The drag loss caused by the drag force of these disks on the grease can be …” „… experimental results. In the reference study, the drag loss in the sun and planet gears is not taken into …” „… assumes that there is no drag loss at the sun and planet contact. As oil properties, the properties of a …”

C. Kunik, J. Kunert Wetting and oil flow analysis of planetary gearboxes using oil flow simulations S. 467-484

„… ) to analyze the fluid flow and evaluate the power losses for a wide range of gear unit variants in …” „… about the wetting of components, the power losses [2 - 4] and the heat dissipation of gear units, it is …” „… losses. The investigations of Liu et al. [6-9] considers the determination of the oil distribution and …”

M. Ruzek, R. Brun, F. Ville, P. Velex, Y. Marchesse On the reduction of windage power losses in gears by the modification of tooth geometry S. 785-800

„… On the reduction of windage power losses in gears by the modification of tooth geometry Dr. M …” „… windage power losses (WPL) in high speed transmissions can be mitigated by flanges and/or shrouds close to …” „… Power losses in gear transmissions are traditionally separated into load-dependent and load independent …”

M. J. Herberger, F. Rudolph, B. Sievers Efficient concepts for high ratio angular gearboxes S. 801-814

„… gearboxes identifies the load-dependent gearing losses and the load-dependent bearing losses as crucial for …” „… correlation between increasing ratio and in-creasing load-dependent gearing losses is derived. This …” „… for the load-dependent gearing losses. A comparison of calculation methods shows, that the local …”

F. Concli, M. N. Mastrone Latest advancements in the lubrication simulations of geared systems: a technology ready for industrial applications S. 499-518

„… temperatures. A decrease of the power losses allows also a downsize and a reduction of the weight of the system …” „… accurate to capture the power losses of geared systems, the computational effort required for their …” „… losses of gearboxes can be classified into two main categories. The first one comprises the …”

S. Chen, C. Liu, D. Qin Forward Performance-driven Design of Gear Parameters S. 211-226

„… mesh loss is calculated through a mesh process analysis, and other power losses are calculated by …” „… ] studied the effect of gear parameters on the thermal loss of gearboxes, and optimized the gear parameters …” „… using NSGA-II with the optimization objectives of transmission error and thermal loss. Finally …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024225

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Dritev – Drivetrain For Vehicles 2018

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Dritev – Drivetrain For Vehicles 2018

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2328 2018

Results in this title

C. Sibla, A. Donges, F. Jauch Third Generation of ZF’s 8-speed automatic transmission – Reducing CO2 emissions in the 8HP transmission

„… pump losses, leakages, clutch drag losses or improving damping elements to further reduce engine …” „… open shift elements was a too great disadvantage regarding drag losses and thereby also CO2. Analysis …” „… detail. The mechanical losses break down into drag loss on the shift elements, bearing losses, gearing …”

M. Mileti, H. Pflaum, K. Stahl TorqueLINE cone clutch: Thermo-mechanical stability of cone clutches for ATs

„… important source of losses in ATs is still determined by drag torque of disengaged wet multiple disc …” „… clutch in terms of shifting comfort with the low drag losses and high transmittable torques via form-fit …” „… surface and thus the drag losses. The advantages of this choice and its potentials have been …”

G. Bednarek, K. Geratz, H. Chariou The all-new 8-speed AT for the Opel Grandland X

„… material reduce heat generation and accompanying losses. A chain driven off-axis low loss oil pump, dynamic …” „… measures, from a drag torque reduction in four main areas (8th VDI-Berichte Nr. 2328, 2018 7 gear, 2000rpm …” „… kinematic viscosity than the current AW-1, resulting in an 11% reduced torque loss. The off-axis oil pump …”

J. van der Meer, G. Hangen, J. Uhlig The new plug-in hybrid module as an addition to the AUDI S tronic gearbox family – Design, layout and manufacture

„… and thermal stability even with high torque requirements. To minimise the copper losses, a wave …” „… stator tooth leads to optimum heat dissipation of the copper losses in connection with a high torque …” „… losses in the machine compared with single tooth winding in the same installation space because fewer …”

M. Roßhuber, G. Schromm, K. Kranz The new BMW automatic transmission – Challenges in development

„… lower power input and less mechanical losses. The drag torques in the transmission were further …” „… reduced friction losses at the same time. More sportiness and driving pleasure with less fuel consumption …” „… is accompanied by efficiency deterioration (increase of drag torque, inertia, weight, actuating …”

C. Schmahl, W. Hildebrandt, D. Reith The impact of efficiency enhanced drivetrain components on the energy consumption of electric and conventional vehicles

„… engaged, no fuel is used. The engine’s drag torque can support the braking action to a minor extent. In …” „… the loss characteristics, originally introduced for internal combustion engines, assumes a linear …” „… gives the reciprocal value of “efficiency” ƞ, on the other the drag effect can be read off the …”

M. Behzad, V. Saxena, M. Schaefer Thermal-hydrodynamic optimization of grooves in a wet clutch

„… as drag loss. 2 Introduction Wet clutch surfaces are commonly grooved to enhance their …” „… some sources of flow loss are ignored, resulting in a more extreme flowrate values. 5.3 Drag and …” „… patterns on clutch friction characteristics and drag loss, which show no significant differences between …”

T. Smejkal, C. Wirth Innovative transmission topologies using the example of a P2-hybridtransmission for front-transverse applications

„… creep functionality for reversing and parking. Modern transmissions reduce the drag losses of the …” „… because of the synchronizers connecting the gears to the shafts and having less drag losses compared to …” „… closed, resulting in two open LSE, which produce drag losses (except for Gear 5, where LSE 6 is closed …”

D. Güth, J. Haupt, T. Gassmann Seamless-shift two-speed eAxle with torque vectoring

„… advantages in terms of drag losses and efficiency can be achieved as already proven by the basic eTwinster …” „… clutch, what reduces the level of complexity, space requirements, weight and drag losses compared to …” „… Twinster system, the proposed eAxles represents a very efficient system with very low drag-losses and very …”

T. Högnäs, G. Beldie 48 volt torque vectoring electric rear drive module (eRDM) – Excellent driving dynamics with significant CO2 savings

„… with drag optimized clutches and lubrication management, the losses, also with the system inactive …” „… high current losses at a nominal 12V standard, which constrains the electrical power, torque available …” „… : Comparative TV Efficiencies Peak and average losses during dynamic driving are also an import …”

R. Savelsberg, P. Griefnow, G. Birmes, A. Sehr Advanced powertrain functions of 48 V hybrid vehicles – Efficient powertrains does not exclude driving pleasure

„… components directly via the 48 V power net, since losses during conversion from 48 V to 12 V and the higher …” „… cable losses due to the higher currents are avoided. Pumps, heaters, active suspensions as well as the …” „… auxiliaries Automatic stop/start Intelligent alternator control Comfort start (P0/1) / drag start (>P2) Launch …”

M. Werra, A. Ringleb, C. Sieg, F. Küçükay Thermal behavior of 48 V hybrid systems

„… as various operating modes. Loss maps define the efficiency behavior, calculated in advance by a …” „… separate transmission loss calculation. It is possible to integrate up to nine electric machines into the …” „… this case, loss maps define the efficiency behavior of the combustion and electric engine. To sum up …”

A. Schmidt, H.-P. Fleischmann Enhancement of a dual clutch transmission kit – AUDI S tronic – Version for All-Wheel Drive, Increase of Torque and HV Electrification

„… rear-axle differential to prevent drag losses. If the system identifies an impending extreme situation in …” „… transmission structure. The benefits of this inline design are fewer components and losses, and reduced mass …”

G. van Spijk, A. Klaassen, A. van der Leest, A. Brandsma, M. Tweehuysen CVT: dedicated to hybrid solutions – Setting the benchmark on all KPI’s

„… downstream, drag losses are minimized (B). With clutch C1 closed as well, the ICE is connected to the power …” „… ’ configuration with minimal components and gears further explains the low system losses and high efficiency …”

A. Viehmann, R. König, S. Rinderknecht Investigation of gear shifts in a parallel-series hybrid powertrain with dog clutches in a demonstrator vehicle (two-drive-transmission with range-extender, DE-REX)

„… (which are less efficient due to drag losses, cost intensive and require a lot of application effort …” „… transmission parts lose speed due to drag losses (here: EM2 in phase ADC2). Additionally, the speed of the …” „… clutches or dog clutches tend to be cheaper, produce less drag torque in neutral position and need less …”

S. Rinderknecht, A. Esser, P. Jardin Relevance of multidimensional real-driving optimization for the development of a battery-electric vehicle 5.0

„… . The aerodynamic drag shall only be considered for the longitudinal vehicle axis and is described by …” „… the front surface and the drag coefficient . Furthermore, the road slope has an influence on the …” „… efficiency due to losses prior to departure which are not considered within this work. Additionally, its …”

I. Andrasec, B. Jeitler AVL’s future hybrid X mode – A modular transmission family concept

„… without ICE drag losses, on the one hand. On the other hand, the ICE’s transmission should be used for …” „… prerequisite for this shift method. ECVT2 can be used here to cancel out the dissipation losses in the opening …”

W. van Harselaar, M. Brouwer, T. Hofman A generic transmission model for hybrid electric drives – Integration of the dynamic behavior of all conventional-, electric-, and hybrid-transmission mode types in a single model

„… and with 0, which enables the modeling of ICE drag torque. For fixed gear modes of types Ψ 5 and Ψ 6 …” „… design of the clutches and transmission losses. Also the procedures for transitions between operating …”

K. Bennewitz, A. Mann Powertrain electrification exemplified by the VW Golf

„… between approx. 80 and 130 km/h. The drive clutch is closed briefly to drag the engine for starting …” „… ). Electric motor and transmission share the same shaft bearing to minimize friction losses. Oil supply is …” „… to a low-loss fixed/floating bearing arrangement. Overall, the acoustic characteristics of the …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023280

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