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VDI Wissensforum GmbH - International Conference on Gears 2023

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

International Conference on Gears 2023

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2422 2023

Results in this title

J. Zhang, B. Shaw, A. Hammer, I. Sewell Effects of Surface Engineering on the Efficiency of Involute Helical Gears – An Experimental Investigation S. 995-1016

„… Effects of Surface Engineering on the Efficiency of Involute Helical Gears – An Experimental …” „… efficiencies based on measured rig power loss. The effect of gear surface engineering on the efficiencies was …” „… this part of power losses would remain unchanged regardless of gear surface engineering methods and …”

B. Morhard, T. Lohner, K. Stahl Influence of Surface and Material Technologies on Loss of Lubrication Performance of Gears S. 779-784

„… Influence of Surface and Material Technologies on Loss of Lubrication Performance of Gears Bernd …” „… Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Garching …” „… . Surface and material technologies like superfinishing and coatings have shown to have potentials to …”

C. Dongu Im, W.-J. Chung, J.-H. Park, D.-J. Moon, Pfor. Y.-J. Park The effect of working surface deviation on transmission error in helical gears S. 1125-1134

„… The effect of working surface deviation on transmission error in helical gears Ph. D. Candidate …” „… . Young-Jun Park, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea 1 …” „… been demonstrated to cause the sideband, and tooth profile error on the working surface of the teeth …”

J. Hongu, S. Hattori, J. Kato, T. Koide Gear friction coefficient estimation using directional parameter under ATF lubricated condition S. 753-762

„… introducing the directivity of machining marks on the tooth surfaces (directional parameter), and it was …” „… its surface roughness. Schoeder et al. [12] considered that the gear friction value increases almost …” „… proportionally to its surface roughness to a power of 0.25. Xu et al. [13] developed an exponential function that …”

A. Carvalho, R. Rego, N. Fukumasu, D. Tamayo, F. Nascimento, I. Machado PVD Deposition of Nb-MoS2 Coatings on Gear Carburized Steel S. 1071-1082

„… have recently received great attention in many engineering areas due to their unique optical …” „… surface integrity were studied for gear applications. A deposition system with independent high-purity …” „… , also influenced by the substrate surface integrity. Moreover, VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023 1071the …”

N. Fujimura Application-oriented research on internal generating polishing S. 1863-1876

„… Tools and Production Engineering (WZL), RWTH Aachen University, GermanyZusammenfassung Das Polieren von …” „… surfaces. (2) Possibility of transmission efficiency increase and better NVH (Noise Vibration and Harshness …” „… level. This paper describes the influence of the polishing process on the surface quality of internal …”

C. Karampatzakis, A. Mihailidis, A. Mantzaflaris, C. Provatidis Contact simulation of tooth flanks using Isogeometric Analysis S. 413-428

„… field of the surface is known at every point in the interior of elements. This is particularly …” „… . Some of the major failure modes of gears, such as scuffing, pitting and spalling are surface contact …” „… contacting surfaces as a series of linear springs, independent of one another. As the influence of adjacent …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… Design, Technical University of Munich, Garching, GermanyEffects of Surface Engineering on the Efficiency …” „… emeritus of excellence;Y. Zhang, M. Geitner, M. Otto, Gear Research Center (FZG), TUM School ofEngineering …” „… spectrum assessment of gears 33L. Bonaiti, M. Monti, C. Gorla, Department of Mechanical Engineering …”

I. Gonzalez-Perez, A. Fuentes-Aznar Improvement of the transmission efficiency in electric vehicles by using double staggered helical gears with shortened teeth S. 1083-1090

„… contact between tooth surfaces where the sliding velocities are larger, since the meshing occurs in areas …” „… contacting tooth surfaces for all the geometries. Several two-stage gear transmissions are analyzed and …” „… be low, as it can be drawn from previous studies [7]. 2. Gear geometry Gear tooth surfaces are …”

I. Atanasovska, D. Momcilovic Analysis of new tooth profile design based on the biomimetics principles S. 945-956

„… standard procedures like ISO recommendations [17-18] are widely used in engineering practice and …” „… the dedendum flank and bottom land surface - root fillet radius: f = 7.3 mm Modification 3-2 - profile …” „… surface - root fillet radius: f = 9.2 mm Modification 2-1 - profile with modifications based on the series …”

E. Virtanen, M. Kanerva, G. Szanti Fatigue testing of large sized bevel gears S. 897-906

„… University, Faculty of Engineering and natural sciences, Materials Science and environmental engineering …” „… gears on the rig are a major step closer to the size class of gears in heavy engineering and marine …” „… topics included the effect of surface quality, verification of ATA advanced tooth contact design concept …”

I. Criscuolo, F. Carneiro, G. Guimarães, R. Rego, J. Mascheroni Indirect Selective Laser Sintering: Modeling and analysis of surface densification by shot peening S. 1681-1698

„… Indirect Selective Laser Sintering: Modeling and analysis of surface densification by shot …” „… mechanical strength. Shot peening appears as a potential solution to densify surfaces by inducing localized …” „… variations on the surface properties produced by iSLS. Both the decision of the peening parameters and the …”

I. Hong, D. Talbot Tooth Bending Strain Rate Analysis in a Counter Shaft Drivetrain and Implications on Fatigue Strength S. 53-66

„… and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio, USA Abstract Gears are subject to …” „… multiple fatigue failure modes including tooth bending fatigue, tooth flank fracture, and surface rolling …” „… mode is from sub-surface inclusion.  A plausible explanation for the difference in behavior is that …”

P. Romio Spur Gear Teeth Reconstruction via Direct Laser Deposition S. 1641-1664

„… of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Porto, Portugal Zusammenfassung …” „… presented surface damage development throughout the campaign. This exploratory work thoroughly discusses the …” „… drawbacks encountered in the repair process, materials characterization, surface evolution of the restored …”

C. M. C. G. Fernandes, J. M. A. Pinto, D. E. P. Gonçalves, A. R. Silva Reduction of root and flank temperature using a hybrid polymer-metal rack S. 1547-1562

„… in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Porto, Portugal Zusammenfassung Zur Verbesserung des …” „… loading was applied and the temperature field was not measured on the entirety of the gear rack surface [9 …” „… goes off, and the cooling period starts for 55 minutes, the time it takes for the surface temperature …”

J. Lövenich, M. Zalfen, D. Mevissen, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher Crack growth based tooth root life prediction model – an influence quantity analysis S. 109-124

„… Tools and Production Engineering (WZL) of RWTH Aachen University, Aachen Zusammenfassung Eine der …” „… range. A lifetime for surface and sub-surface induced fractures is calculated, resulting in a stepped …” „… surfaces is optimized the residual compressive stresses close to the surface are applied by shot peening …”

U. Cihak-Bayr, T. Wopelka, C. Wintersteiger Effect of LOL conditions under high velocity and high injection temperatures S. 763-778

„… fundamental study, a case hardened AISI9310 with transversally ground surface was characterised with Aeroshell …” „… simulate mixed lubrication conditions. The EHL model considered the surface of the transversally ground …” „… if the SRR was kept constant. A super finished surface was observed to have significantly lower …”

G. Guimarães, L. Robatto, R. Rego, A. Faria, A. Borille, J. Mascheroni Surface integrity of 20MnCr5 pinion gears manufactured through laser powder bed fusion S. 1845-1858

„… Surface integrity of 20MnCr5 pinion gears manufactured through laser powder bed fusion M. Sc …” „… focus on the surface integrity evolution along the manufacturing chain. The study addresses the …” „… processability of the material and investigates the surface integrity of the gears through the manufacturing …”

M. Vivet, A. Rezayat, J. Verhoogen, K. Kucukcoskun, S. Donders Numerical analysis of bevel gear transmission acoustic emission using a 3D gear contact force model within a multibody system dynamics simulation environment S. 689-702

„… dynamically accounts for complex effects that influence the contact conditions, such as tooth surface …” „… detection methods, which treat the contact surfaces as arbitrary and result in non-optimized contact …” „… searches, the developed gear contact element exploits the kinematics of the near-conjugate tooth surfaces …”

A. Beinstingel, F. Haringer, W. Sigmund, M. Heider, B. Pinnekamp, S. Marburg Investigation of Sound and Vibration Behavior of Cylindrical Gears S. 599-618

„… noise at the housing surfaces and a transportation of the structure-borne sound to the adjacent …” „… , 2023602matches the sound velocity on the housing surfaces. To overcome the non-uniqueness problem in …” „… constant elements on the housing surfaces. An example result in form of a forced vibration response is …”

S. Sklenak, D. Mevissen, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher, B. Lenz, A. Mehner Analysis of Load Cycles and Local Wear of Dry and Solid-Lubricated Gears S. 727-740

„… Engineering (WZL), Faculty for Mechanical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Germany Zusammenfassung Für …” „… application. The focus of these investigations is on the operating behavior and wear on the contact surfaces …” „… transi-ent phase was confirmed, analogous to the literature. The course of the surface temperature on the …”

T. Jagiella, S. Haller, J. Lechner, T. Rung, M. Wöppermann, B. Zeeb Building a software toolchain for automated mass-customization of specific end-use gear unit parts using AM-driven design guidelines S. 1607-1616

„… , lightweight parts, low material usage and no additional cost or engineering hours for tailor-made parts. These …” „… , such as molds. For the production of low volume load-bearing parts, engineering is an additional cost …” „… solution was developed which eliminates the need for engineering to generate economic 3D printable parts …”

K. Lübke, K. Stein Quality inspection of special geometries measured with computed tomography – Evaluation of involute cylindrical gears according to ISO 1328-1 S. 1787-1802

„… voxel-based point cloud [2,3,4]. It can be exported in a surface-based STL data format, representing the …” „… surface via a mesh of triangles [5]. Therefore, the following evaluation must be based on software …” „… the surface of the point cloud representation by e.g. clicking with the mouse button. Applying this to …”

T. Inoue, D. Iba, N. Fujita, A. Nishikawa, M. Ishii, J. Hu, H. Shimasaki, N. Miura, A. Masuda, I. Moriwaki, J. Hongu Effect of Load Cycles on Return Loss and Resistance of Sensor and Antenna Circuits Printed on Plastic Gears S. 659-674

„… difficult.For this reason, sensors are installed on the surface of the case of transmissions or on other parts …” „… , an attempt has been made to measure the contact pressure on the gear tooth surface by printing …” „… electric circuit sensors on the tooth surface using the sputtering method and measuring the resistance …”

I. Gonzalez-Perez, A. Fuentes-Aznar, J. Calvo-Irisarri, N. Bilbao-Handley, X. Lopez-Fuentes, A. Fernandez-Sison Evaluation of the effect of the rim thickness on the root stress cycle of helical planet gears with integrated rollers S. 553-568

„… , and planet gears are provided with tooth surface micro-geometrical deviations. The rigidity of the …” „… . The helical tooth surfaces are provided with microgeometry VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023 555 …” „… . 2422, 20235562. Tooth surface generation and tooth contact analyses Tooth surface generation is …”

P. Fischmann, A. Hilligardt, V. Schulze Tooth Root Burnishing in the Kinematics of Gear Skiving S. 1829-1844

„… surface, the micro-notch effect is reduced and the total fatigue strength is significantly increased. But …” „… simultaneous smoothing of the surface and the introduction of residual stresses as a result of plastic …” „… a novel tool system for mechanically strengthening the surface, as an adaption of deep rolling, in …”

N. Blech, C. Paschold, T. Lohner, T. Tobie, K. Stahl, L. Amar Review of different calculation approaches for the mean coefficient of friction in ISO 6336 S. 191-210

„… flank surface roughness Ra of pinion and wheel (XR, see Equation (4)). The original source of Equation …” „… instead explicitly mentioned in the approach. The surface roughness is taken into account by the factor XR …” „… set to 1.0. The equivalent radius of curvature is calculated in the normal section. The surface …”

L.-C. Chang, Q. Y. Zhuang, S.-J. Tsai, J.-F. Hochrein, S. Landler, M. Otto, K. Stahl Comparing the contact characteristics of involute gear/ eccentric cycloidal gear calculated by various loaded tooth contact analysis models S. 397-412

„… , Department of Mechanical Engineering, Machine Design Laboratory (MDL), National Central University (NCU …” „… ) gears. EC gears have unique characteristics, such as a non-linear space curve or surface for contact …” „… characteristics on conforming surfaces where the contact region is not approximately plane. Nagatani and Imou [3 …”

B. Černe, N. Vukašinović, D. Zorko In-situ experimental methods for measuring tooth meshing displacements and wear during polymer gear tests using a high-speed camera with microscopy optics S. 1563-1580

„… Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia AbstractThe present paper describes …” „… reflections that could distort the analysis results, the side surface of the steel pinion was coated with a …” „… gear-tooth deformation analysis, it was necessary to coat the flat surface of the polymer gear with a …”

M. Gebhardt, A. Rhode, B. Legrady Lubrication improvement at the HS-IS spline shaft interface of a wind turbine gearbox using the smooth particle hydrodynamic method S. 519-536

„… Legrady, dive solutions GmbH, Berlin Abstract Sufficient lubrication between all contacting surfaces with …” „… the floating of the sun causing micromotion in the contact surface. If this interface is …” „… surfaces of a spline can result in fretting which is not sufficiently covered by the standards [11], [12 …”

M. Hausmann, E. Kirchner Investigation of the electrical impedance of the gear mesh of helical gears in an industrial gearbox S. 1173-1180

„… : What is the qualitative effect of surface damage on the measured electrical behavior of helical gears …” „… investigations of the influence of surface damage on the electrical behavior (RQ 3) and the derivation of …” „… Elements. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED21). Cambridge, UK …”

B. Devaux, C. Hamon, S. Montani Evaluation of specialty polymer performances in gear applications and the bias between modeling and testing approaches S. 1515-1532

„… performed using a contact machine. Then, an optical scan (non-contact approach) provides the real 3D surface …” „… information is used to control the temperature of the climatic room in order to maintain the surface of the …” „… tooth at a constant temperature of 25°C. Fig. 5: Tooth surface temperature kept constant at 25°C during …”

E. Grabovic, A. Artoni, M. Gabiccini, E. Ciulli Exploration of trade-offs between NVH and efficiency in bevel gear design S. 853-880

„… zones (i.e., entraining velocity of the lubricant, sliding velocity, and surface curvatures); 3 …” „… the three-dimensional surface roughness. However, despite their accurate tribological analyses, many …” „… root-meansquare roughness of the contacting body surfaces: 𝑅 𝑅2VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023 857Usually, the …”

J. Gründer, A. Monz Analytical Method for Calculating the Nominal Tooth Root Stress in Worm Gear Shafts S. 1091-1110

„… Addressing the damage on worm shafts, only the formation of scores and cracks on the tooth flank surfaces is …” „… ’ surface layer in [13]. In [10, 12], the damage is observed when operating with standard bronze and without …” „… , surface roughness and the influence of the tooth dimensions on the tooth bending strength. According to …”

S. Landler, M. Trübswetter, M. Otto, K. Stahl Parameter Based Definition of Eccentric Cycloid Gearings S. 1207-1228

„… ., Dr.-Ing. M. Otto, Prof. Dr.-Ing. K. Stahl, Gear Research Center (FZG), School of Engineering and Design …” „… industrial engineering is the involute. The involute gearing has certain limits for external cylindrical …” „… ] study the tooth contact in terms of the radius of curvature, the contact lines, and the surface of …”

F. Concli, M. N. Mastrone Latest advancements in the lubrication simulations of geared systems: a technology ready for industrial applications S. 499-518

„… , with an increase in the power density and performances. Engineering tools allowing a comparison of …” „… losses arise mainly in the contact surfaces of bearings (sub-index B) and gears (sub-index G). The second …” „… CFD has lagged behind with respect to other Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE) tools is related to the …”

P. Chavan, M. Lutz Validation of an industrial gearbox model for predicting vibro-acoustic behavior S. 619-632

„… inclinations and gear tooth profiles were considered in the MBS model. Subsequently, the predictions of surface …” „… flexible housings, the systematic validation of these predicted surface velocities has not been extensively …” „… was derived from a corresponding Finite Element Method (FEM) model. By comparing the resulting surface …”

L. Klee, T. Bergs, M. Solf, J. Brimmers Binder Jetting in Gears – Process Design and Tooth Bending Strength for Gears made of 17-4PH S. 1665-1680

„… Machine Tools and Production Engineering (WZL), Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering …” „… (WZL), Faculty for Mechanical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Germany Abstract Due to near …” „… , the near surface zone of the BJT gears is compacted by densification rolling using the machine …”

S. Ebrahimi, U. Kissling, C. S. Matkovič Evaluation of the NVH Characteristics of Gear Drives with Plastic Gears by the Forced Response Analysis S. 1403-1418

„… surface. The results confirm that the gearbox with plastic gears compared to the steel gears can lead to a …” „… stress distributions along the tooth surfaces were incorporated with the dynamic model to formulate the …” „… , the surface velocities at nodes of the meshed geometry are calculated. Finally, the equivalent …”

S. Matkovič, D. Šeruga, M. Nagode, M. Kalin Prediction of tooth root fatigue failure of polymer gears for dry and oil lubricated contact and its comparison to experimentally obtained results S. 1301-1318

„… , Prof. Dr. M. Nagode, Prof. Dr. M. Kalin, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana …” „… surface roughness Rz of pinion was 1.5 µm. Test rig detects failure by measuring efficiency through two …” „… flank surface nodes as master and polymer surface flanks as a slave, the contact pair was defined. The …”

W. Kassem, J. Müller, M. Oehler, O. Koch Analytical tooth root stress calculation for short fiberreinforced plastic gears S. 1361-1374

„… orientation tensors. It can be seen that the main orientation follows the tooth surface due to the flow …” „… engineering constants do not change locally. -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3x / mm262728293031y / mm-2 -1 0 1 2x / mm …” „… engineering work. Investigations have shown that the coupling effects for the load case shown in Fig. 5 are …”

B.-S. Kim, D. Im, J.-H. Park, W.-J. Chung, Y.-J. Park Development of Optimal Design Program for Macro-Geometry of Planetary Gear Set using Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm S. 1181-1194

„… National University, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Seoul, Republic of Korea Abstract To design a …” „… to modifying gear tooth surfaces in minute units, and it is helpful to improve the performance of …” „… tooth supported by response surface methodology. Mechanism and Machine Theory 109 (2017): 278-295. [3 …”

T. König, L. Cadau, L. Steidle, M. Kley, D. Cansu Güney, J. Albrecht, K. Weber A concept for comparison of new and aged lubricants in transmissions of electric vehicles and a method of oil aging on a test rig S. 1195-1206

„… , Joachim Albrecht, Katharina Weber,Research Institute for Innovative Surfaces FINO, Aalen University …” „… under a normal load of F 50 N on a stainless-steel surface lubricated with 30 µl of oil. The …” „… , the film thickness of the lubricant is smaller than the surface roughness. Both solids are in contact …”

M. Ruzek, R. Brun, F. Ville, P. Velex, Y. Marchesse On the reduction of windage power losses in gears by the modification of tooth geometry S. 785-800

„… . 2422, 2023786Fig. 1: Four tooth modifications investigated by Hill [10]. A - Leading surface rounded …” „… , B - Leading and trailing surface rounded, C - Two slots at the tip of the tooth, D - Ramp at the …” „… the wheel made of steel is smoother than the PLA flank surface, which is likely to generate more …”

L. Bonaiti, M. Brambilla, P. Chiariotti, A. Cigada, C. Gorla, G. Boni, P. Codeluppi The effect of pinion axial positioning on noise and transmission error of face hobbed and face milled bevel gears S. 839-852

„… , flanks surface roughness and production technology, etc. In the case of bevel gears, due to their …” „… reflecting surface, that is the motor casing, while the remaining two microphones were used to measure the …” „… Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, DETC …”

M. Reichl, P. Lenz, A. Oliva Challenges and possibilities of virtual development of e-axle transmissions S. 485-498

„… to engineering applications. The SPH method is a meshless computational approach, which is based on …” „… at the oil level 2 𝑚 are shown in Table 3. A continuum surface stress (CSS) model with a surface …” „… tension of 0.03 N/m is used as surface tension model between the two phases. Fig. 3: FZG gearbox: on the …”

S. Chen, C. Liu, D. Qin Forward Performance-driven Design of Gear Parameters S. 211-226

„… Y yN N (2)Combining the enveloping surface family of rack cutter and the equations of meshing, the …” „… derived as Eq.(6).0.5 1 1, 2 1( 1) 0.5jsNsKL l j l j NLL N l l j N (6)The tooth surface contact between …” „… of the contact surface of two elastic cylinders, the formula for calculating the contact stress of …”

C. Kunik, J. Kunert Wetting and oil flow analysis of planetary gearboxes using oil flow simulations S. 467-484

„… generation, what makes the method very interesting applying complex and moving geometries with free surfaces …” „… view and the back view. To increase optical accuracy additional factors like the surface tension …” „… using surface tension Fig. 9: Front- and Back view using decreased oil level at n1 = 1000 rpm & = 700 …”

A. Wallinger, R. Vonderschmidt, S. Vonderschmidt Lubricant Free Transmissions for the food industry – A Comparison S. 715-726

„… smooth surfaces without cavities or undercuts prevent contamination from sticking. Figure 1 shows a food …” „… is the continuous surface (see Fig. 4). In conventional industrial applications, the gear unit is …” „… motor are preferred. The resulting smooth surface is much easier to clean. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422 …”

P. E. Schnetzer, J. Pellkofer, K. Stahl Calculation method for wear of steel-bronze rolling-sliding contacts relating to worm gears S. 907-926

„… ), School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany Symbols A mm Running …” „… of 0.1 𝑚 . The test disks show an outside diameter at the running surface of 80 𝑚𝑚 and are …” „… steel disk is 12 𝑚𝑚. The measured surface roughnesses are in the range of 𝑅 0.8 … 1.0 𝜇𝑚 for the …”

M. Fürst, S. Sepp, D. Schweigert, M. Otto, K. Stahl Experimental Investigation of Moving Contact Pattern in Helical Planetary Gearboxes S. 569-582

„… Stahl,School of Engineering and Design, Department of MechanicalEngineering, Gear Research Center (FZG …” „… root strains. These are equidistantly spaced and attached to the surface by means of an adhesive bond …” „… surface of the sphere are compared with theoretically ideal values and, if necessary, the machine and …”

A. Alnahlaui, P. Tenberge Optimised statistical evaluation for the determination of tooth root endurance strength S. 19-32

„… applied statistics from an engineering perspective can be taken from several literatures such as Henning …” „… factor is given for two kinds of surface treatment namely for blasted and non-blasted gears. When …” „… K. Stahl, „Investigation of the effects of surface roughness and shot peening on the tooth root …”

D. Gallagher, E. Wiita, R. Weidig Improved Method for Validation of Root Stress in Polymer Gears S. 1333-1350

„… the gear tooth as a cantilever beam with a constant, predictable tensile stress at the surface …” „… test fixture according to Lisle, Little et. al. [19] Because the tooth surface temperature may rise …” „… general engineering and heavy engineering. DIN. February 1986 [9] Deutsches Institut für Normung. DIN …”

W. Ramdane, C. Changenet, S. S. Ouali, C. Chevrel-Fraux, P. Casanova Thermal model of a planetary gear set using an isothermal approach S. 451-466

„… lossesTooth friction power losses W Mo Load independent torque lossesN.m ρoil Oil density kg/m3Sm Surface of …” „… factor (-) Sheat Heat exchange surface m2Re Reynolds number (-) Gr Grashof number (-) Rayl Rayleigh …” „… Engineering Tribology, 2013, vol. 227, no 5, p. 476-485. )2* CAPACITY—PART, Gears Thermal. 2: Thermal …”

A. Wedmann, M. Stein, K. Kniel Large gear metrology at PTB S. 1803-1820

„… both installed in the measurement standard and attached to its surface. For large components …” „… . In addition, contact sensors are attached to the surface of the standard. The air temperature in the …” „… offer advantages in detecting the tooth surfaces in terms of point density, but do not yet achieve the …”

U. Kissling Impact of manufacturing deviations on the NVH behavior of modern gear design concepts S. 367-382

„… point of the gear surface. For this paper we concentrated on the examination of dependency of the PPTE …” „… , S.; Singh, R.; Jayasankaran, K.; Ohio State University: Effect of the Tooth Surface Waviness on the …” „… University of Munich. 2012. [7] ISO 53, Cylindrical gears for general and heavy engineering – Standard basic …”

B. van Wissen, L. Pastukhov, F. Mitsuzuka, K. Iwanaga, A. Hasanovic NVH performance of thermoplastic gears: modelling and measuring S. 1389-1402

„… as a merge between two high performance material suppliers: DSM Engineering Materials and Lanxess HPM …” „… explained by the fact that the surface finish of a machined polymer gear is rougher than for an injection …” „… molded gear. If two of those rough surfaces are running against each other a secondary noise effect can …”

L. Becker, P. Tenberge Crossed helical gears – simulative studies and experimental results on non-involute geometries S. 1499-1514

„… Linda Becker M. Sc., Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Tenberge, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ruhr-University …” „… surface geometries enables the calculation of flank pressures, efficiency and sliding paths in the entire …” „… involute geometry. The new approach removes these restrictions and considers freely curved surfaces for a …”

D. Park, A. Rezayat, Y. Gwon Design optimization of multi-stage gear trains with asymmetric teeth under a broad range of torques by incorporating multibody simulations S. 383-396

„… microgeometry module• Modified tooth surface creation𝑇 ,𝑇 , … ,𝑇Run multibody simulation for gear and bearing …” „… patterns (load intensity contour plot) at each pinion surface at each applied torque range from both power …” „… : Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 232 (2018 …”

O. Harris, C. Poyser, R. Patel, O. Shires Developing CAE solutions for Robotics gears: Cycloidal and Strain Wave Gear Drives S. 1111-1124

„… application to gearbox engineeringThe Hertzian contact model discussed above has been incorporated in the …” „… frequently used in gearbox engineering in the automotive and wind industries. A model for Strain Wave …” „… gear pair based on error tooth surfaces,” Applied Sciences, vol. 11, p. 8671, 2021. [9] A. Wang et al …”

L. Bonaiti, M. Monti, C. Gorla, M. Geitner, T. Tobie, K. Stahl The consequences of different methodologies for the elaboration of pulsator test results with respect to the load spectrum assessment of gears S. 33-52

„… Gorla, Politecnico di Milano, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Milano, Italy; Michael Geitner, M.Sc …” „… the relative surface factor and is the size factor. Among those coefficients, considers the fatigue …” „… only on tooth root bending failures with crack initiation on the surface), suggest a knee above 1 10 …”

J.-H. Park, B.-S. Kim, D. Im, D.-J. Moon, J.-H. Kim, Y.-J. Park Development of Damage-based Accelerated Life Test Code for Gearbox using Genetic Algorithm S. 329-340

„… , Master-Student. Jae-Hyun Kim, Prof. Young-Jun Park, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Seoul National …” „… relatively large damage were found to be damage for surface contact stress of sun & planet gear and damage …” „… . International journal of reliability, quality and safety engineering, 15(06), 515-538. [7] Qin Sun, Hong-Na Dui …”

M. Geitner, S. Preintner, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Simulation Study on the Tribological Characteristics in the Meshing Contact in the Context of the Load Carrying Capacity Calculation of Internal Gears with Unbalanced Sliding Conditions S. 429-450

„… sliding on the tooth flank surface. Unlike external gears, internal gears offer the possibility of …” „… sliding on the tooth flank surface. In contrast to external gears, internal gears offer the possibility to …” „… TEHL simulation model is applied as 2-dimensional system. Fully smooth surfaces are assumed and …”

D. Zorko, N. Vukašinović, B. Černe The effect of gear manufacturing quality on the mechanical and thermal state of a plastic gear S. 1319-1332

„… gearDamijan Zorko, Nikola Vukašinovi , Borut erne, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana …” „… also guidelines from various engineering associations are available. The VDI 2376 [3] was published in …” „… temperature measurements on the gear’s surface. An emissivity value of ε = 0.95 was used for the thermal …”

M. Rothemund, M. Otto, K. Stahl Applicability of classic analytical calculation approaches for the design of plastic gears S. 1483-1498

„… supported by fixing the wheel at the inner diameter so that the nodes of this surface cannot be distorted …” „… Tangential velocity z - Number of teeth AG m² Heat-dissipation surface of the mechanism housing ED - Relative …” „… /DuPont+Engineering+Polymers/52/6fc48544 (01.03.2023). [32] DIN ISO 14635-1:2006: Zahnräder – FZG Prüfverfahren – Teil 1 …”

C. Westphal, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher Influence of Axis Misalignments in Stepped Planetary Gear Stages on the Excitation Behavior – Test Rig Development and Simulative Analysis S. 175-190

„… . Dr.-Ing. Christian Brecher, Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering WZL, Gear Department …” „… gearboxes, particularly in the field of automotive engineering, result in rising requirements with regard to …” „… THELING ET AL. [8]. The eccentric bushings have an eccentricity between the outer surface, which is …”

A. Drechsel, J. Pellkofer, K. Stahl Transferability of the scuffing load capacity of gear oils determined on spur gears to hypoid gears S. 881-896

„… , School of Engineering and Design, Garching, Germany 1 Zusammenfassung Die Fresstragfähigkeit ist ein …” „… which the tooth flank surfaces are welded due to an excessively high local temperature occurring during …” „… separation of the welded surfaces. The resulting scuffing marks always develop in the direction of the …”

A. I. Aydeniz Modelling and Analysis of the Effect of Root Modification on Load Sharing and Stress Values on Spur Gears S. 1039-1062

„… Gears A. I. Aydeniz, Istanbul Technical University, Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey …” „… Bearing Engineering, SKF Industries Inc, Phill Pa. [19] Eiff H., Hirschman K.H. and Lechner G., 1990 …” „… Involute Teeth Of Cylindrical Gears For General Engineering And Heavy Engineering [23] DIN 3990-5 …”

S. Sepp, A. Wenig, M. Otto, K. Stahl Acoustical behavior of periodic flank modifications under dynamic operating conditions S. 341-356

„… Munich, TUM School of Engineering and Design, GermanyAbstract Noise emissions belong to the crucial …” „… the tooth contact through the adjacent components to the housing surfaces where they are emitted as …” „… operating torque range. ASME - International Design Engineering Conference, 289–303 (2007) [6] Zhang, S …”

S.-J. Tsai, Q.-Y. Zhuang, L.-C. Chang Design and analysis of compound stepped planetary gear drives for better transmission performances S. 537-552

„… as surface variables according to the geometrical relation in Figure 2. In order to improve the …” „… model used in the paper is that it can simulate the three-dimensional tooth surface contact under …” „… Engineering, June 2020. 4 Parker, R. G., “A physical explanation for the effectiveness of planet phasing to …”

J. D. M. Marafona, J. H. O. Seabra, P. M. T. Marques, R. C. Martins Effect of overlap ratio on gear dynamic behavior and noise level S. 1239-1256

„… overlap ratio gears considering the tooth bending strength, surface durability as well as gear meshing …” „… gear surface durability and tooth bending strength [12], which are introduced in the equation through …” „… dynamic behaviour, Mechanical engineering (2012) 75.[9] T.-C. Choe, C.-N. Ri, M.-J. Jo, M.-C. Ri, Research …”

S. Hendricks, M. Solf, J. Brimmers, T. Bergs Investigation of the machinability of different quenched and tempered steels for the alternative process chain of planetary pinions in wind turbine gearboxes S. 1713-1730

„… Engineering (WZL), Faculty for Mechanical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Germany Abstract Planetary …” „… well as the measured surface hardness and tensile strength are shown in Figure 1.VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422 …”

A. Hilligardt, V. Schulze Gear Skiving with Minimum Twist Errors S. 1749-1764

„… executable taper surface grinding can be used to minimize the contact angle and thus the twist errors on this …” „… Ingenieurwesen/Engineering Research 86 (2022), pp. 673-681 [11] Trübswetter, M.: Geometrie des Wälzschälens, Dissertation …” „… . International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing 20 (2019), pp. 37-44. [16] Albert, R …”

G. Devaraj Vibration reduction of planetary gear drive using mesh phasing: modelling and experimental validation S. 157-174

„… , an RMS acceleration of the orders over the whole exterior housing surface have been extracted for …” „… mechanical engineering science, vol. 15, issue. 5, October 1975. [6] R.G Parker, X. Wu. “Unique symmetry …”

C. Kirchhoff, P. Tenberge Optimization of the vibrational behavior of ZI crossed helical gears with a plastic wheel and a steel worm S. 1419-1434

„… steel wormM.Sc. Christian Kirchhoff, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Tenberge, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering …” „… , -rotational axes, the surfaces of the gears can be described completely in space. The torque transmission of …”

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Martin Weschta - Untersuchungen zur Wirkungsweise von Mikrotexturen in elastohydrodynamischen Gleit-/Wälzkontakten

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Martin Weschta

Untersuchungen zur Wirkungsweise von Mikrotexturen in elastohydrodynamischen Gleit-/Wälzkontakten

Series: Konstruktionstechnik/Maschinenelemente

Volume 448 2018

Results in this title

Literaturverzeichnis S. 182-206

„… Reibungsminimierung 2009, 9.-10. Dezember 2009 in Esslingen. Esslingen, 2009. [7] STOUT, K.J.: Engineered surfaces …” „… Engineering, 1966, 88(1), 177-185. [9] ANNO, J.N.; WALOWIT, J.A.; ALLEN, C.M.: Microasperity Lubrication …” „… sputtering. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2013, 235, 97-107. [21] SCHAEFFLER TECHNOLOGIES AG & CO. KG …”

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH - International Conference on Gears 2019

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International Conference on Gears 2019

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2355 2019

Results in this title

T. Sturmlinger, A. Comak, A. Albers, S. Gerdhenrichs, R. H. Schmitt Methodical analysis and selection of auto identification systems in the gear box manufacturing S. 1509-1520

„… Comak, Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. h. c. Albert Albers, IPEK - Institute of Product Engineering …” „… H. Schmitt, Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering (WZL) – RWTH Aachen, Aachen …” „… secondary functions to enable Industry 4.0 production.” 2.1 PGE – Product Generation Engineering The model …”

Z. H. Wu, Y. Q. Xu, K. A. Liu The Analysis on Grease Lubrication at Two Tapered Bodies Contact Considering Surface Roughness S. 1223-1236

„… The Analysis on Grease Lubrication at Two Tapered Bodies Contact Considering Surface Roughness …” „… Dr. Z. H. Wu, Prof. Y. Q. Xu, Dr. K. A. Liu, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Northwestern …” „… Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China Abstract Considering surface roughness and non-equal cross-section …”

D. Fuchs, T. Tobie, K. Stahl, S. Schurer Investigations into non-metallic inclusion crack area characteristics relevant for tooth root fracture damages of case carburised and shot-peened high strength gears of different sizes made of high-qu... S. 287-300

„… of such sub-surface initiated cracks, which are different to surface initiated cracks, in order to …” „… fractured surfaces. Keywords tooth root bending strength, high-strength gears, degree of cleanliness …” „… . Introduction Surface strengthening of the tooth root of gears has become more and more important in recent …”

S. J. Ma, G. Y. Wu, G. Liu Study on the contact characteristics of threaded surfaces in a planetary roller screw mechanism S. 1155-1164

„… Study on the Contact Characteristics of Threaded Surfaces in a Planetary Roller Screw Mechanism …” „… surfaces in the planetary roller screw mechanism. The Hertz contact theory is applied to develop an …” „… state of threaded surfaces intuitively, the contact models of the screw and roller threads and of the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… f Flank strength Influence of gear surface roughness on pitting and micropitting life …” „… tooth flank on the surface durability 15 A. Kubo …” „… ) 25 C. Brecher, C. Löpenhaus, F. Goergen M.Sc., WZL, Aachen Effect of surface characterization induced …”

J. Han, Y. Zhu, X. Tian, L. Xia A method of tooth longitudinal modification for internal gearing power honing S. 1725-1738

„… , Yonggang Zhu, Xiaoqing Tian, Lian Xia, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology …” „… matrix of the tooth surface normal deviation at the point of the topological tooth surface grid with …” „… squares iteration are used to solve the optimal polynomial coefficient, so that the tooth surface …”

L. Hui, X. Changl, Y. Shouw, L. Cheng, Z. Chen, L. Yu Research on Dynamic Drum Shape Modification of Helical Gear Pair S. 1011-1026

„… order to make the tooth surface load distribution uniform, the drum shape modification method of helical …” „… modification parameters are obtained, so that the tooth surface dynamic load distribution is uniform, and the …” „… tooth surface load distribution center of gravity is close to the tooth surface center position, which …”

H. Wang, X. Wen, C. Zhou, Z. Liu Wear prediction for double helical gears grinded by forming method S. 315-330

„… Mechanical Engineering Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, PR China Abstract: A numerical model for adhesive wear in …” „… mating tooth surfaces are further investigated. The results show that the maximum wear depth is …” „… helical drives. While double helical gears are usually under a heavy load, and the surface wear is …”

P. H. O. Teixeira, C. Lopenhaus, C. Brecher, T. Bergs Discretization of the contact conditions considering the grain engagement for generating gear grinding S. 1739-1748

„… finishing process mainly used to meet the high requirements for gears in terms of geometry and surface …” „… surface grinding process and last onto an analogy of the continuous generating gear grinding process …” „… of Malkin [1] for surface grinding, for example, he defined that for a specific grinding energy, or …”

Y. Omiya, M. Fujii, H. Sekishita, K. Ishimoto, A. Ueda Effect of surface characterization induced by fine shot peening on scuffing of steel roller S. 37-46

„… Engineering, 2011, 141-142. [4] D Krupka, I.: The effect of surface texturing on thin EHD lubrication films …” „… Effect of Surface Characterization Induced by Fine Shot Peening on Scuffing of Steel Roller Y …” „… surface damage resistance under severe service condition to achieve the weight saving and downsizing of a …”

G. Vasileiou, N. Rogkas, V. Spitas, P. Zalimidis Optimisation of spur gear tooth fillet for maximum bending strength using Bezier curves S. 149-160

„… fully exploited mainly due to surface pitting VDI-Berichte Nr. 2355, 2019 149 and bending fatigue …” „… ) occurs. Optimising tooth fillet geometry for maximizing bending strength has been a major engineering …” „… realistic modeling to be achieved, the load is applied on the surface defined by two parallel segments …”

B. Karpuschewski Detection of surface damages by non-destructive micromagnetic methods S. 1027-1038

„… Detection of surface damages by non-destructive micromagnetic methods Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil …” „… . Prof. h. c. Dr. h. c. Dr. h. c. Bernhard Karpuschewski, Institute for Materials Engineering, Bremen …” „… parameters on the measured Barkhausen noise, such as case hardening depth, surface carbon content and …”

M. Trubswetter, M. Otto, K. Stahl Evaluation of gear flank surface structure produced by skiving S. 1799-1812

„… Evaluation of Gear Flank Surface Structure Produced by Skiving M. Trübswetter, M.Sc …” „… , Garching Abstract The surface structure of gear flanks has an impact on the performance of the gear …” „… . However, the evaluation proves to be difficult. Gears produced by skiving have a particular surface …”

K. Lubke Virtual gauge for splined shaft-hub joints – Quality inspection and assembly of involute splines in the context of Industry 4.0 S. 1497-1508

„… ”. This is true concerning the impossibility to measure the whole flank surface with a measuring device …” „… . However, for the measured part of the flank surfaces there exist the virtual gauge method for splined …” „… measurement of profiles, helices and pitch points. All available points on the flank surfaces can be …”

R. Saito, K. Matsuo, Y. Suzuki Noise characteristics induced by micropitting formed on particle-based parkerized gears S. 69-78

„… ; Dr.-Ing. Yoshitomo Suzuki, Engineering Management Department, JATCO Ltd, Shizuoka, Japan …” „… noise caused by surface profile deterioration with use. This surface modification can prevent abnormal …” „… . 2355, 2019 69 In this study, experimental evaluations were made of surface treatments for preventing …”

B. Karpuschewski, T. Lierse, S. Schulze Inline-deep rolling – a new approach to increase tooth root load capacity S. 1787-1798

„… automotive engineering.This procedure is intended to facilitate the transfer of research results to …” „… Karpuschewski, Leibniz Institute for Materials Engineering IWT, University of Bremen; Prof. Tjark Lierse …” „… . Introduction Gear wheels are among the oldest mechanical engineering elements in the world [1]. However, even …”

J. Thomas, C. Gosselin, P. Eng Design and rating by means of loaded TCA of straight bevel differential gears S. 493-504

„… Reverse Engineer (RE) the gear set, i.e. find machine settings describing the actual tooth surface for an …” „… ) one obtains an implicit surface equation (2) that is solved in real time: S f c , 3 (2 …” „… lines yields the surface of a tooth. Bevel gears come in 2 basic flavors: straight or spiral, the …”

J. Cathelin Material data for advanced plastic gear simulation S. 1335-1344

„… . There is no international standard available for gear predictive engineering. Only two relatively new …” „… gears predictive engineering, it is difficult to make an optimal material selection for a certain …” „… prediction accuracy. 2. Gear predictive engineering workflow Most common plastic gear failure modes …”

C. Lu, J. Wang, P. Yin Evaluation method of measuring software based on virtual gear measuring center S. 1173-1180

„… Engineering, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China Abstract The measuring software error is an important factor …” „… discussed as an example. The triangular involute surface was adopted to test the effects of motion errors …” „… ensures that the probe is near the upper tooth surface. The θ axis drives the measured gear to rotate …”

S. Matkovič, A. Pogačnik, M. Kalin Comparison between VDI 2736 wear calculation and experimentally obtained results S. 1311-1322

„… . Sebastjan Matkovič, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Dr …” „… Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia Abstract In recent decades polymer gears …” „… better dissipates heat from the contact surfaces compared to having two polymer gears in meshing. As …”

F. Concli, C. Gorla Dynamic models for planetary gearboxes SHM S. 471-480

„… Milano, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Milano, Italy Abstract Planetary gearboxes are …” „… presence and evolution of a surface damage can be evaluated based on the vibrations under operation. In …” „… order to introduce the effect of damaged teeth surface on the behavior of a planetary gearbox, which is …”

N. Wan, L. Yao Efficiency modelling and analysis for a novel double-arc bevel gear nutation transmission system for pure electric vehicles S. 1253-1258

„… for Pure Electric Vehicles Nianhong Wan, Ligang Yao, School of Mechanical Engineering and …” „… . 1: Nutation drive schematic Fig. 2: Force diagram of tooth surface where is defined …” „… (11) The loss coefficient is related to the force acting on the surface of the gear and the …”

E. Maier, T. Lohner, K. Stahl, P. Sperka, M. Hartl Detailed analyses of film thickness and friction in thermoplastic EHL contacts S. 1391-1400

„… could be present even at fluid film lubrication. The elastic deformation of the thermoplastic surface …” „… integral part of machine engineering across technical applications. On the downside, thermoplastic …” „… , thermoplastic surfaces experience significant elastic deformation, leading to a large local conformity in …”

D. Mevissen, C. Lopenhaus, T. Bergs Calculation of mixed friction conditions in large-scale rolling-sliding contacts for different surface structures S. 555-568

„… Surface Structures Dieter Mevissen M.Sc., Dr.-Ing. Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing. Christoph Löpenhaus, Prof. Dr.-Ing …” „… rolling-sliding contacts can be significantly improved by conditioning the surfaces in the manufacturing process …” „… and the reduction of friction by separating the surfaces by a lubrication film. The lubrication …”

C. Liu, W. Shi, F. Maria Cura, A. Mura Prediction of transmission accuracy lifetime of RV gearbox S. 425-436

„… Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino Italy; Wankai Shi, State Key Laboratory of Mechanical …” „… Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino Italy Abstract A procedure to …” „… model are developed. The effects of manufacturing errors and tooth surface wear on transmission error …”

D. Kurten, A. Kailer Hydrogen embrittlement of oil lubricated contacts S. 681-688

„… responsible for hydrogen generation [1, 2, 3]. Friction and slip promote surface wear and thus fragmentation …” „… influence its formation. In addition, the interaction between the additives and the metal surface can also …” „… etching crack (WEC) networks below the contact surface. Characteristic for WEC networks is the early …”

S. Detzel, Y. S. Krieger, M. F. Traeger, T. C. Lueth Design of gear surface models for 3D-printing of plastic gears S. 1401-1410

„… Design of gear surface models for 3D-printing of plastic gears S. Detzel, M.Sc., Y. S …” „… longer limiting factors. The universal input data for additive manufacturing processes are surface …” „… , limited surface accuracy and component properties usually have to be compensated by post-processing steps …”

A. Miltenović, M. Banić, V. Miltenović Prediction of heat generation of crossed axis gearbox S. 583-594

„… power losses are simulated as thermal sources and over external surface transmitted by convection to …” „… gear body on the shaft to the gearbox. Temperature is also transmitted to the internal surfaces of …” „… Nr. 2355, 2019586 while over external gearbox surface and shaft temperature is transmitted by …”

E. Lothman, L. Kamjou, E. Claesson Gear performance beyond current standards – Implementing increased material fatigue performance in gears S. 915-924

„… resistance (surface pitting) was increased by 12% in this particular study according to the external …” „… improve the surface quality. There are also other methods to increase performance in manufacturing, such …” „… surface initiation and promote failure from inclusions, specimens can be hard-turned for a good surface …”

M. Zapf, J. Klose, F. Zanger, V. Schulze Analysis of process forces and surface topography when manufacturing case-hardened gears by double flanked hard skiving S. 1647-1658

„… Analysis of process forces and surface topography when manufacturing case-hardened gears by double …” „… on the cutting forces, the resulting gear quality, flank surface quality and chip formation is …” „… rise with the specific cutting volume. The correlation of cutting forces and surface quality with …”

P. Scholzen, C. Lopenhaus, C. Brecher, D. Billenstein, F. Rieg, G. Hammerl Investigation of the influence of elastic gear body structures on the operational behavior of gears S. 785-796

„… , node-to-surface or extended node-to-surface contact. The best variant, especially for curved surfaces, is the …” „… extended node-to-surface contact. Thereby, the surface is additionally discretized with the Gaussian …” „… between two edges of a surface. This angle can be between 0° and 60° for tetrahedrons, so this value is …”

F. Concli, L. Maccioni, C. Gorla Power loss analysis of different high-power density gearbox typologies: CFD analysis and experimental measurements on a cycloidal gear set S. 101-114

„… , Politecnico di Milano, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Milano, Italy Abstract In the last …” „… grids, and SnappyHexMesh, is capable to generate 3-dimensional grids starting from triangulated surface …” „… corner points and discretizing the edges and the faces with an advancing front surface mesh generator. A …”

J. Pellkofer, M. Hein, K. Stahl, T. Reimann, M. Hombauer New calculation method of the micropitting load carrying capacity of bevel and hypoid gears S. 517-528

„… carried out. Beside the investigation of the surface roughness and of different types of lubricant, a …” „… decisive role in the crack formation on the flank surface. The number of cracks and their growth rate …” „… rough surfaces leads to a constant material removal and therefore a constant change of the …”

F. Cura ISO Standard based method for determining a global in-operation dynamic factor KAV in gears subjected to variable velocity and loading conditions S. 689-700

„… relative influence factors for notch sensitivity, surface roughness, size. The calculated stress, again …” „… with regards to bending, is the maximum tensile stress at the surface in the root, called tooth root …” „… tooth root stress σF is the maximum tensile stress at the surface in the root and it may be calculated …”

J. Lohmiller, J. Hoffmeister, J. Hermes Conventional high-strength nodular graphite iron as a substitute for austempered ductile iron (ADI) S. 877-892

„… complex components in mechanical engineering and drive technology. As a consequence of steadily …” „… to an ultimate number of cycles 107. After the failure of the fatigue samples, the fracture surface …” „… located close to the fracture surface of fatigue samples (i.e. 20 mm beneath the final contour of each …”

F. Andary, G. Jacobs, J. Berroth Application of pre-calculated gear mesh stiffness on elastic gear bodies in multi-body simulation S. 1087-1098

„… Elements and Systems Engineering (MSE), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen Abstract Multi-body simulation …” „… method for applying accurate gear mesh forces on elastic gear bodies without resorting to solving surface …” „… contact in the system. Instead, the surface contact is pre-calculated for single gear stages in discrete …”

P. L. Yin, J. H. Wang, C. X. Lu Digital twin of gear measuring center (dtgmc) S. 1521-1532

„… for complex surfaces verification with CMM. Precision Engineering, 34 (2010) pp.16-21. [14] Vrba I …” „… measurement uncertainty of complex curved surface[13]. Based on Taguchi experimental method, Vrba Iet al …” „… surface measured by generating method, polar coordinate method and rectangular coordinate method are …”

B. J . Siewerin, T. Tobie, K. Stahl, A. Dobler Flank load carrying capacity of hard-soft gear pairings S. 173-184

„… rim drives have proven themselves in plant engineering for decades. They are an important part in the …” „… surface that are predominantly located below the pitch diameter in areas of negative specific sliding …” „… . Prexler [Pre90] confirmed a major influence of the surface roughness in relation to the lubricant film …”

B. van Wissen, M. Kanters, F. Mitsuzuka, K. Iwanaga, Ir. A. Hasanovic Predicting wear for high performance plastic gears S. 1323-1334

„… Kanters, Fumio Mitsuzuka, MEng. Kazuyuki Iwanaga, Ir. Adnan Hasanovic, DSM Engineering Plastics Research …” „… petrochemical material products and nutritional solutions. DSM Engineering Plastics (DEP) is one of DSM’s …” „… within the portfolio of DSM Engineering Plastics is Stanyl®. This polyamide-based material has a …”

Y. Cai, L. Yao, J. Ding, S. Ouyang, J. Zhang Analysis of dynamic transmission error for nutation drive with double circular arc gears under assembly errors and different loads S. 343-354

„… , School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China Abstract As a new …” „… gear surface modification methodology based on curvature synthesis to improve the transmission …” „… major direction is positive and the opposite direction is negative. + ∆P -∆α Tooth surface of …”

N. Yildirim, M. Yasar, E. Yildirim, F. Erdogan, B. Karatas Experimental verification of improvements in static and fatigue bending capacity of spur gear tooth via tooth root design optimization S. 959-972

„… static test rig. Boundary conditions were applied to three surfaces/sides (left, right and bottom as …” „… seen in figure 2) as fixed. 2D surface analysis with resulting stress distributions are given in …” „… (reacted by a force) almost similar to the condition in the dynamic test rig. 2D surface analysis with …”

M. Pillarz, A. von Freyberg, A. Fischer Multisensory measurement of the base circle radius as a fundamental shape parameter of large gears S. 1207-1214

„… geometric model according to [9] as a function of the base circle radius. A point Pi on the surface of a …” „… in Fig. 1b. Fig. 1: Multisensory measurement principle for measuring the surface of a straight-cut …” „… theodolites to multi-sensor systems. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing 15 (2014 …”

T. Kleiber DIN Q6 meets DIN Q10 – Need for modern internal gear production S. 415-424

„… speed and last but not least low noise emissions. High power density pushes engineering towards …” „… tolerances, surface roughness or surface mapping. This report will focus on the gear tolerances. Fig. 4 …” „… a large global player in automotive engineering with a lot of experience in bearing quality …”

R. Ratnagiri, M. Kato, H. Kuchelka Advances in polyacetal materials for gears S. 1357-1366

„… , we designed a programmed stress sweep test protocol with continuous monitoring of the surface …” „… provided for the surface temperature of the bar to reach 25°C. Fig. 4 shows the measured maximum …” „… the fatigue life of plastic gears including creep, surface finish, humidity, aging, self-heating and …”

W. Wagner, S. Schumann, B. Schlecht Co-simulation of the tooth contact of bevel gears within a multibody simulation S. 217-228

„… penetration of the flank surfaces must be figured out. With this penetration, the load distribution has to be …” „… representation of all the teeth’s flank surfaces is generated and stored. In order to be able to do this, a set …” „… spherical section of the driver, the point of maximum penetration between the pairing wheels’ surfaces is …”

V. I. Goldfarb, E. S. Trubachev, K. V. Bogdanov, T. A. Pushkareva Prospects of manufacturing spiroid gears with small gear ratios S. 1665-1674

„… reason of such an underestimation is in poor engineering VDI-Berichte Nr. 2355, 2019 1665 study of …” „… modifications along tooth flanks (the term “modification” here means the deviation of the generated surface …” „… indexing is accomplished; and cutting edges of the head cutters reproduce bevel generating surfaces (Fig …”

X. Tian, Y. Wu, J. Han, L. Xia Online estimate and compensation of the gear machining error based on electronic gearbox cross-coupling controller S. 1835-0

„… Cross-coupling Controller Xiaoqing Tian, Yu Wu, Jiang Han, Lian Xia, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hefei …” „… profile in working portion of teeth. Tooth profile deviation is primarily owing to the tool surface error …” „… gear spiral line in Fig.3 turns into a straight line when it is mapped to the flat surface, as shown …”

C. Hegger, T. Kruger, J. Maas Two-speed transmission based on energy-efficient MRF-coupling elements and power split mechanism S. 867-876

„… movement between the shearing surfaces results in a deflection of the particle chains by the angle ϴ. Thus …” „… gap enabling a separation of both shear surfaces. For the torque transmission the MRF can be placed …” „… by magnetically volume forces to engage both shear surfaces. To achieve the idle-mode radial …”

D. Iba, I. Moriwaki, H. Noda, H. Inoue, M. Kim Visualization of phase differences between tooth helix deviations using graph theory S. 1191-1198

„… affect not only the strength, but also efficiency and noise of the gears in transmissions. High surface …” „… , Reference value of gear tooth surface roughness and measuring method (1999), pp.1-33. [4] Myungsoo KIM …” „… Mechanical Engineering Congress, Volume 2018, S1110305, https://doi.org/10.1299/ jsmemecj.2018.S1110305. [7 …”

D. Marino, H. Binz, M. Bachmann Analytical design method for beveloid gears with a small shaft angle and offset S. 391-402

„… skewed axis arrangements are based on kinematic cone surfaces, whereby both cones are in contact with an …” „… was investigated, whereby the kinematic cone surfaces are tangential at the contact point and form a …” „… surface) and is used to calculate the mounting condition. The values at the reference circle are marked …”

J. I. Pedrero, M. Pleguezuelos, M. B. Sanchez Load sharing model for high contact ratio spur gears with long profile modifications S. 985-996

„… improve the surface strength but worsen the tooth-root strength. Since the surface strength is usually …” „… , the tip relief will not improve the surface strength. Critical stress is typically located at the …” „… of Engineering of UNED for the support of the action 2019-MEC24, “Simulation of transmission error …”

B. Azzam, F. Harzendorf, R. Schelenz, G. Jacobs, W. Holweger White etching crack bearing failure: identification of high risk lubricant compounds using artificial neural networks S. 569-582

„… of the chemical compound interactions (CCI) and the known surface material. The bearing material …” „… between the moving parts, and for activity 0.1 through 0.9, reflecting to some extent surface roughness …” „… surface between lubricant and bearing material attributed to the lubricant and its constituents, e.g …”

M. R. Mauntz, J. Peuser Deep online oil analysis of dielectric parameters for life time enhancement of industrial gearboxes – Identification of critical operation conditions for reduction of failure rates S. 245-256

„… independently. Inorganic compounds occur at contact surfaces from the wear of parts, broken oil molecules …” „… emulsification of water, so the conglomeration of water droplets is minimized and a blank metal surface without …” „… , Belgrad, Serbian Tribology Society Kragujevac, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering …”

N. C. Ecke, A. K. Schlarb, J. Holler, Jan Niedermeyer, P. Klein Thermal simulation of anisotropic PEEK-based tribocomposites S. 1411-1420

„… boundary conditions. The frictional heat flow into the contact surface was iteratively adjusted until the …” „… for Surface and Film Analysis (IFOS), Germany, for his support in conducting optical microscopy and …” „… and Electrical Conductivity of Two-Phase Systems. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals 13 …”

R. Weidig, H. J. Weimar Powertrain NVH improvement with high-performance polymer gears S. 1421-1430

„… .) under-the-hood gears and gear systems made from technical and engineering polymers have led to new, innovative …” „… viscosity transmission fluids, engineering polymers no longer deliver the required performance in this …” „… material needs to meet several key engineering requirements in the application: Mechanical strength and …”

M. Geitner, T. Tobie, K. Stahl, B. Zornek Investigations on the pitting load capacity of internal spur and helical gears S. 301-314

„… details. Additionally, other material pairings (e.g. nitrided steels or cast materials) and surface …” „… : Calculation of surface durability (pitting) (2006). [3] Hein, M.; Geitner, M.; Tobie, T.; Stahl, K …” „… flank load carrying capacity of case-hardened gears. ASME 2015 Design Engineering Technical Conference …”

M. Ruzek, F. Ville, P. Velex, Y. Marchesse Windage power loss reductions in high-speed gear pairs S. 91-100

„… imposed at all the nodes located on the gear tooth surfaces, and outlet conditions are applied to the …” „… surfaces at the limits of the external computational domain. The normal velocity component at the planes …” „… , 2019, Vol. 132, pp. 123-132. 19. Two-equation eddy-viscosity turbulence models for engineering …”

J. Ahn, C. H. Choi, J. H. Yu, S. C. Kim A study of dynamic behavior of tractor pto driveline to analyze a rattle noise S. 461-470

„… with large torque ripple. When a load is applied to a wheel gear, one side of tooth surface is always …” „… vibration in vehicle transmissions - Gear rattle. Tr. J. of Engineering and Environmental Science, 23, 1999 …” „… tractor using an anti-backlash gear. Biosystems Engineering, 100(3), 2008, 346 – 354 VDI-Berichte Nr …”

J. Brimmers, M. Willecke, C. Lopenhaus, C. Brecher Investigation of the potential of using surrogate models in the gear design process S. 727-740

„… surface models or metamodels, are approximation models, which are based on mathematical functions [1]. In …” „… engineering, surrogate models are used to correlate the input and output variables of experiments and …” „… behavior of the engineering system. Possible approximation types for surrogate models are shown in Figure 1 …”

L. Ryali, D. Talbot A gear load distribution model for planetary gear set with a flexible carrier S. 809-822

„… Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA Abstract Effects of carrier flexibility on the …” „… ), pp. 469–476. [4] Vijayakar, S., 1991, “A Combined Surface Integral and Finite Element Solution for …” „… Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference …”

S. Nowoisky, M. Grzeszkowski, C. Guhmann, J. G. Pelham Monitoring concept study for aerospace power gear box drive train S. 269-286

„… sweeps from 40 to 400 rpm, constant load of 1500 N (left). Average surface roughness over different …” „… train. A system engineering based assessment was carried out, to understand the requirements of a WDTU …” „… , Gerhard-Mercator-Universität Duisburg, 2001. [18] P. Raharjo, An Investigation of Surface Vibration, Airborne Sound and …”

B. Gierl, D. Drummer spur gears S. 1367-1378

„… practical importance. Friction and wear are phenomena taking place at the part surface and cannot be …” „… .: Ehrenstein G.W.: Radiation cross linking engineering thermoplastics for tribological applications …” „… : Basic rack tooth profiles for involute teeth of cylindrical gears for general engineering and heavy …”

F. Eigner, R. Michel, M. Berger Analysis on the efficiency of HypoGear S. 127-136

„… Abstract In many areas of mechanical engineering and the automotive industry, ever smaller and …” „… brake that equals any application. The braking force is distributed over 12 friction surfaces, which …” „… hypoid toothing is very good. Conclusion Based on the requirements of mechanical engineering and the …”

D. Park, F. Santini, A. Rezayat, T. Tamarozzi, J. Pavel Experimental and numerical investigation of helical gear transmission error under gear misalignments S. 355-366

„… grade as high as possible with surface grinding process to minimize the manufacturing error influence …” „… ., Democratization of simulation in the design engineering of gear boxes, Proceedings of NAFEMS Seminar Simulation …” „… Driven Engineering, NAFEMS Seminar, 2017. [5] Siemens PLM Software: Simcenter 3D Motion, website …”

U. Kissling, U. Stolz, A. Turich Combining gear design with manufacturing process decisions S. 1533-1544

„… for hardened gears. The quality and surface roughness which can be achieved are perfectly adequate …” „… ] Niemann, G. and Winter, H., 1983, Machine Elements Design and Calculation in Mechanical Engineering: Vol …”

H.-W. Raedt, T. Wurm, A. Busse Lightweight forging initiative III: transmission lightweighting potential based on design and material concepts in a split-axle hybrid vehicle and a heavy-duty truck S. 1777-1786

„… with material optimizations, the Institute of Product Engineering (IPEK) at the Karlsruhe Institute of …” „… capacity of the surface and thus enable the joint to have a smaller design. The connecting flange that …”

M. Fromberger, S. Sendlbeck, M. Rothemund, J. Gotz, M. Otto, K. Stahl Comparing data sources for condition monitoring suitability S. 257-268

„… enable our way of living; machines are part of human agriculture, mobility, civil engineering …” „… [1] Amarnath, M., & Sujatha, C.: Surface contact fatigue failure assessment in spur gears using …”

A.-K. Wiemann, M. Stein, K. Kniel Temperature influence on involute gear measurements S. 1557-1566

„… seven additional surface temperature sensors monitored the workpiece temperature. Within the cooling …” „… large involute gears, Precision Engineering, Volume 55, Pages 330 – 338, Elsevier, 2019. [3] Härtig F …”

H. Blettery, D. Talbot, A. Kahraman, H. Xu A methodology for measurement of loaded transmission error of hypoid gear pair with misalignments S. 619-634

„… , Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA; Hai Xu …” „… position. These misalignments alter contact patterns along tooth surfaces, in the process changing tooth …”

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International Conference on Gears 2017

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E. Maier, A. Ziegltrum, T. Lohner, K. Stahl Characterization of TEHL contacts of thermoplastic gears S. 1483-1496

„… high local surface conformity leads to low hydrodynamic pressures and thus very low friction. 1 …” „… . Introduction Gear drives made from engineering thermoplastics stand out for their low specific weight, their …” „… objective TEHL contacts are characterized by back coupling of contact surface deformation, lubricant …”

X. Gou, L. Zhu, C. Qi Modelling of a gear-rotor system considered tooth contact temperature and its dynamic characteristics S. 1177-1184

„… characteristics Xiangfeng Gou, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin …” „… , China, School of Mechanical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China; Lingyun Zhu …” „… , School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, China; Changjun Qi, School …”

M. McCormick, J. Michaud Isotropic superfinishing of high hardness steels – How using a custom REM ISF® process as a quality control, defect remediation, and isotropic superfinishing procedure can increase the performance of... S. 163-172

„… Ferrium® C64 and other alloys Martin McCormick, Justin Michaud, REM Surface Engineering, St. Neots …” „… superfinishing process would be required for industry adoption. QuesTek worked with REM Surface Engineering to …” „… performance increases include: surface durability, material toughness, temper resistance, and corrosion …”

J. J. Liou, S. Rakuff The development of worm drives S. 503-516

„… . The movement of a worm drive is purely caused by screw motion – sliding on the mated surfaces …” „… fluctuating stresses and the number of stress cycles is fairly high. Therefore, the surface endurance …” „… Ni3Cr80 and 15Ni4Cr1). The case hardened steels are typically with a surface hardness of 60 HRC and a …”

A. Lohrengel, M. Heß Thrust cone bearings provide increased efficiency for helical gear units at moderate speed levels – Indications for possible energy saving potential in an expanded field of application S. 231-242

„… integrally geared compressors but are nearly unknown in other fields of gearbox engineering. The presented …” „… pinion and flank the opposing wheel. The conical shape of the thrust cones and the contact surfaces …” „… , sticking to the surfaces, is transferred into this gap and generates a hydrodynamic pressure film which …”

A. Miltenović, M. Banić, Ž. Mišković, R. Mitrović, V. Miltenović Prediction of heat generation in transmission bearings by application of FEM S. 1199-1208

„… and show the distribution of temperature as well as heat dissipation through the surface of rolling …” „… first done for studying friction heat on contact surface of casing and the whole surface of shaft …” „… . Distribution of heat between shaft and bearings was done iteratively by comparison of surface temperature of …”

B. Leupold, V. Janzen, G. Kotthoff, D. Eichholz Validation approach of PM gears for eDrive applications S. 119-130

„… Kotthoff, GKN Sinter Metals Engineering GmbH, Radevormwald; Dominic Eichholz, GKN Driveline Technology …” „… measures. Surface densification technology by transverse rolling is today well known and can be used to …” „… technology creates a fully dense component [1] - [4]. For surface densification technology, within the …”

D. Liang, B. Chen, R. Tan, C. Li Tooth profiles design and stress analysis of double helical gear transmissions with geometric elements constructed tooth pairs S. 411-420

„… parallel-axis gear transmission with tubular meshing surfaces. International Journal of Precision Engineering …” „… , 2)i i and ( 1, 2)i i are sphere surface parameters. A computer program is developed to …” „… for contact surface and it is defined as Contact173. Tooth profile of gear is considered as target …”

V. Angelopoulos, M. Hirsch PM gear rolling simulations using advanced plasticity material model and improved initial conditions S. 1277-1288

„… Engineering 81 (2014) 6 pp. 334 – 339 [3] Kauffmann Philipp, F. K., T. S.: Fundamental study of surface …” „… properties due to the selectively closed porosity between 0,2 and 0,7 of a mm, under the surface of the tooth …” „… material model can improve the simulation results. The experimental results are coming from a surface …”

D. Ghribi, C. Peyrac, M. Octrue Shot peening of gear tooth flanks: Search for an optimal surface topography against the micropitting S. 153-162

„… Shot peening of gear tooth flanks: Search for an optimal surface topography against the …” „… (TDP)-CETIM (Technical Center for Mechanical Engineering Industries), Senlis, France Abstract The main …” „… characterizing the surface topography conditions. By examining the obtained results, a particular type of shot …”

L. Liu Tooth contact analysis of a new type of face gear drive S. 457-466

„… gear. The convex torus involute gear is easily designed and machined. The tip surface or root surface …” „… guarantee that the tooth surface of imaginary rack cutter is a cone. If the radius of the locus of the hob …” „… comprises two straight edges and four arcs. The straight line generates the working surface of a convex TIG …”

L. Geng, N. Mimi, L. Lan, Z. Ying, W. Liyan Mesh stiffness of cylindrical gear including tooth surface – Friction based on FEA method S. 807-814

„… Mesh Stiffness of Cylindrical Gear Including Tooth Surface Friction Based on FEA Method Liu …” „… Geng, Nan Mimi, Liu Lan, Zhao Ying, Wu Liyan, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Transmissions and …” „… tooth surface properties (friction or lubrication), however, the methods they utilized is based on …”

G. Goch, K. Ni, Y. Peng, A. Günther Paradigm change in cylindrical gear metrology using areal measurement and evaluation S. 1025-1038

„… gear flank modifications and deviations with respect to a pure involute flank surface. However, the …” „… surface structures on gear flanks improving their functional performance require detailed topographical …” „… surface information in order to diagnose production process variations, to assess the gear quality, and …”

C. Gorla, E. Conrado, F. Rosa, F. Concli Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) for gears: manufacturing, performances and tests S. 977-988

„… surface coatings, ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, IMECE 2012 …” „… . Conrado, F. Rosa, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy; F. Concli …” „… portion larger than 4% of the active surface of a single tooth flank. In order to detect the damage, the …”

X. Kai, L. Guolong A compensation method of tooth surface error in continuous generating grinding based on the virtual-axis S. 1153-1160

„… A compensation method of tooth surface error in continuous generating grinding based on the …” „… movement error of CNC axes cannot be achieved according to the tooth surface error by measurement, the …” „… axes for grinding process is completed. The method can compensate the tooth surface error …”

P. Wang, M. Yang, Y. Guan, Z. Yang, Q. Li Global synthesis of speed increasing spiral bevel and hypoid gears S. 433-434

„… Mechanical and Materials Engineering, North China University of Technology, Beijing, China, The State Key …” „… , Zhenfeng Yang, Qiang Li, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, North China University of …” „… their adjustment needs the full control of the entire contact point paths on gear tooth surfaces. The …”

C. Gosselin, E. Fritz, L. Seiler CnC manufacturing of circular faced cylindrical gears S. 1343-1352

„… rVN (1) where the relative speed vector of the contacting tool to work surfaces is in …” „… , Eq. (1) yields an unbounded generated surface in a reference frame attached to the work piece. The …” „… surface is a function of the machine settings and three variables, respectively cutter position c …”

K. Mao, V. Goodship, N. Madhav, R. Ramakrishnan, P. Langlois Experimental Investigations of Polymer Composite Gear Performance S. 1625-1636

„… . Madhav, R. Ramakrishnan, M. Millson, School of Engineering and WMG, Warwick University, Coventry, UK; P …” „… transmission, especially within automotive engineering. This paper presents an extensive experimental …” „… existing gear surface temperature predictions require further study to be used for practical applications …”

P. Kauffmann, P. Schäflein, V. Heuer PM technology for the future powertrain S. 1289-1298

„… sintering the process of surface densification follows. A common method is rotary rolling of the sintered …” „… direction can be achieved. After surface densification the gears are usually heat treated by case hardening …” „… controls six independent part levels and three gear surfaces. Sintering takes place at 1280°C (2336°F …”

D. Strasser, S. Troll, R. Sperlich, J. Münch Reliability safeguarding for an 8 MW wind energy gearbox in serial production – Prototype and process development ensuring stable quality at the highest level S. 1085-1100

„… the Differential Gearbox Concept 3. Prototype Development 3.1 Reliability Engineering A strong …” „… comprehensive field experience with the Differential Gearbox Concept, an engineering experience of about 25 …” „… reliability engineering became important: The reliability prognosis focuses on the prediction of the …”

H. J. Stadtfeld Pentac®Mono-RT high performance face milling cutter heads S. 1113-1118

„… The produced gear surface geometry is identical to the geometry produced by the full profile blade …” „… seating surface. The different slot bottom radii in conventional cutter heads with inside and outside …” „… surfaces can be modified and planparallel spacer blocks can be connected to them. A Pentac®Mono cutter head …”

M. Kanters, B. van Wissen, R. Nickel Relevant tribological testing method for high performance plastic gears S. 1507-1518

„… , Benjamin van Wissen, MSc., Dr.-Ing. Reimo Nickel, DSM Engineering Plastics Research and Technology B.V …” „… Engineering Plastics as business group of DSM is a global supplier of high performance engineering …” „… . VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 2017 1507 Fig. 1: High performance portfolio DSM Engineering Plastics With …”

D. Talbot, A. Kahraman Simulation of gear wear using a dynamic load distribution model S. 5-16

„… . Ahmet Kahraman, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering The Ohio State University, Columbus …” „… , USA Abstract Gear surface wear over operation changes intentionally applied profile …” „… gear teeth can introduce increased wear of gear tooth surfaces. In this study, Archard’s wear …”

Y. Cai, L. Yao, Z. Xie, J. Zhang, C. Peng Influence analysis of system parameters on characteristics of the nutation drive with double circular arc spiral bevel gears S. 435-446

„… Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China Abstract Gear transmission …” „… arc spiral bevel gear tooth surface model [8-12]. To the author’s knowledge, there is no existing …” „… three-coordinate measuring instrument to collect data from the gear tooth surface [13]. Similarly, Simon et al …”

L. Gondecki, M. Weibring, P. Tenberge Simulation and test method for the lubricant’s influence on the wear and fatigue mechanisms on tooth flanks S. 29-40

„… same operating conditions the resulting wear and the transformation of the tooth flank surface can …” „… the very first tooth contact the surface changes significantly. Most case hardened spur gears are …” „… grinded so that the surface characteristic is dominated by the grinding grooves. Under mixed friction …”

C. Weber, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Investigation on the flank surface durability of gears with increased pressure angle S. 173-184

„… Investigation on the Flank Surface Durability of Gears with Increased Pressure Angle Christian …” „… . Introduction and objective Mechanical engineering uses almost exclusively symmetric involute gears with …” „… surface or subsurface fatigue cracks caused by local metal-to-metal contact at the roughness asperities …”

M. Kalin, A. Kupec Wear and Fatigue Behaviour of Polymer Gears under Controlled Temperature Conditions S. 1637-1648

„… Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Abstract The testing procedures and reported …” „… surface temperatures in a tribological contact. Surface-temperature measurements reveal an increase in …” „… the driving/driven gear [12] can all influence the surface temperatures generated and thus influence …”

M. W. Seidel, A. Zösch, K. Härtel Grinding burn inspection – tools for supervising and objectifying of the testing process S. 1003-1014

„… on Surface Integrity (CSI) Procedia Engineering 19 (2011) 162 – 171 [4] Bernd Wolter …” „… in a change of near-surface areas. The term grinding burn is used, when the heat impact during …” „… applied to detect grinding burn. Surface temper etching (STE) is the most common method. Further used are …”

M. Ophey, F. Klocke, C. Löpenhaus Approach for modeling grinding worm wear S. 1365-1378

„… ) Tribophysics. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N. J. [15] Suh N P (1987) Surface Engineering. Annals of …” „… wheels [7], on the influence on the near surface zone [8] as well as on the calculation of the cutting …” „… surface zone, as well as geometrical deviations, a prediction of the tool wear is necessary. This …”

J. Cathelin, R. Janssen Material data for advanced plastic gear simulation S. 1553-1564

„… standard available for gear predictive engineering. Only two relatively new guidelines, the JIS B1759 for …” „… predictive engineering, it is difficult to make an optimal material selection for a certain application …” „… accuracy. 2. Gear predictive engineering workflow Most common plastic gear failure modes are wear …”

M. Schwenk, J. Hoffmeister, J. Hermes Prediction of local load carrying capacity for gears – a materials science approach S. 989-1002

„… In recent years the problem of case hardened gear failure due to crack initiation below the surface …” „… thermochemical effect includes the gas reactions that occur at the steel surface which can be simplified by using …” „… transfer coefficient α which depends on the surface temperature TS. The temperature evolution, which acts …”

R. Meissner, M. Liewald, T. Benkert, M. Hiller, W. Volk Multi-component gearwheels and their manufacturing processes S. 1299-1306

„… functional surface for the press fit between the gear ring and the wheel body, it is fine blanked. This …” „… special cutting technique generates functional surfaces without subsequent machining. In this case, fine …” „… largely. Local mesh controls regarding element size ensure similar surface meshes in the contact area on …”

K. Matsuo, Y. Suzuki, K. Fujiki Accuracy analysis of workpiece and tool in the hobbing process using Taguchi Method S. 1331-1342

„… Suzuki, Engineering Management Department, JATCO Ltd, Shizuoka, Japan; Kenichi Fujiki, Parts Process …” „… Engineering Department, JATCO Ltd, Shizuoka, Japan Abstract Automotive transmission gears are …” „… of each cutting blade surface by honing. Second, because less corrective force is applied in honing …”

G. Hlebanja, S. Kulovec, D. Zorko, J. Hlebanja, J. Duhovnik Influence of the tooth flank shape on thermal load of the gear S. 1583-1592

„… plastic gears due to their thermal sensitivity. Heat is generated by friction at the contacting surfaces …” „… of the mating teeth flanks where the load transmitting surfaces slide with the relative velocities …” „… treated as energy loss, where surface heating is unfavourable and the temperature rise depends on heat …”

R. Saito, Y. Suzuki, K. Matsuo The effect on tooth root breakage strength of tooth root shapes resulting from differing hobbing conditions S. 733-740

„… , Kanagawa, Japan; Dr.-Ing. Yoshitomo Suzuki, Engineering Management Department, JATCO Ltd, Shizuoka …” „… and reliability can be roughly classified into the two aspects of tooth surface strength and tooth …” „… Gear durability and reliability can be broadly discussed in terms of the two aspects of tooth surface …”

B. Schlecht, F. Müller, S. Schumann Simulation and measurement of tooth flank deviations on bevel gears caused by pitting and micro pitting S. 293-304

„… measuring the surface area size of the present damage and cannot provide information on its depth. For this …” „… silicone. In cooperation with the Chair of Engineering Design and CAD at the Technical University Dresden …” „… regarding surface area size and depth was smaller compared to the pinion. This can be explained by the …”

T. Jurkschat, T. Lohner, K. Stahl Improved calculation method for load-dependent gear losses S. 893-904

„… film thickness and the surface structure factor XOS. The specific film thickness is calculated …” „… mean roughness Ra of the contact partners (eq. (5)). The surface structure factor XOS is 0.5 for …” „… axially ground surfaces [3]. 1 2 (5) 1 1 ∙ ü 2 0.5 1 ü 2 …”

N. Sagraloff, M. Hein, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Practical use of micropitting test results according to FVA 54/7 for calculation of micropitting load capacity acc. to ISO/TR 15144-1 S. 143-152

„… . VDI-Berichte Nr. 2294, 2017 143 1. Introduction According to [14] micropitting is a gear flank surface …” „… , modifications), material specifications (heat treatment, residual stresses, residual austenite), surface …” „… lubrication regimes in EHL-contacts. Commonly micropitting is observed on materials with a high surface …”

H. Schreiber, T. Röthlingshöfer Kinematic classification of a gearbox comprising separate thrusted teeth and its advantages regarding existing approaches S. 267-280

„… field of power train engineering. In some publications its basic kinematic principle and the new design …” „… Galaxie® Gearbox was in the midpoint of interest within drive engineering in the last years [1] [2] [3 …” „… lubrication within this contact, a continuous wear on these surfaces can be avoided. © WITTENSTEIN …”

B. Kianian, C. Andersson Sustainability-conscious Powder Metallurgy gear manufacturing – An analysis of current manufacturing challenges S. 1251-1264

„… Engineering, Division of Production and Materials Engineering, Lund, Sweden Abstract This paper aims …” „… surface densification), warm compaction, high-density lubrication, completely pre-alloyed chromium steel …” „… wrought-machined gears and PM gears on pitting tooth root bending, gear quality and surface finish. The result of …”

M. Hein, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Test method for time-scaled fatigue tests of gear transmission systems S. 1073-1084

„… concentrations in the surface-near area and highly focused SEM (Scanning electron microscope) pictures …” „… in the surface-near area. Although these changes could be identified in nearly all of the …” „… Surface hardness (ESATEST) + + - - + o 3MA + + + + o + + + + + + very good, + good, o neutral …”

B. Černe, D. Zorko, J. Duhovnik Semi-analytical method for the prediction of the flank temperatures of polymer gears during running S. 1611-1624

„… , Faculty of mechanical engineering, University of Ljubljana Abstract The work aims at developing a …” „… engineering systems mostly focused on analytical formulations, where steady state temperatures were evaluated …” „… surface. The heat release time is then (7) The integral can be solved numerically. The considered …”

F. Concli, C. Gorla Numerical modeling of the churning power losses of gears: an innovative 3D computational tool suitable for planetary gearbox simulation S. 881-892

„… University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy; Carlo Gorla, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Milano, Italy …” „… sides of the planet carrier and counter plate and the fixed and planar internal surfaces of the housing …” „… and the stationary internal surfaces of the housing. This result points out that such new method can …”

J. Lohmiller, J. Hoffmeister, J. Hermes, M. Ansorg, H. Dhonau Development and investigation of austempered ductile iron (ADI) for thick-walled gear components S. 963-976

„… in vacuum avoiding oxidation on the surface. The salt bath medium was AS140 from Durferrit GmbH. The …” „… surface (black solid line), while transformation slows down continuously as depth increases towards the …” „… Association for Mechanical Engineering (FKM, Frankfurt/Germany) [9]. Generally, strength is decreasing with …”

C. Zhang, H. Liu, C. W. Yao, Y. Li Study of vibration for spur gears of tooth profile modification and experimental validation of modification method S. 527-538

„… the meshing surface; Each gear has 3 DOFs, namely, two lateral DOFs and one torsional DOF …” „… the maximum modification amount for the top surface of the tooth. Parameters and are coefficients …” „… the gear surface. After the modification, the backlash of gear increases and the vibration is more …”

B. Schlecht, C. Ulrich, J. Bräunig Investigations on the influence of anisotropic material properties of gear teeth on their macroscopic behavior S. 659-668

„… multiple points of the specimen surface. Using the orientation distribution and the known anisotropic …” „… the unit cell, ˂110˃ denotes the diagonal direction at a surface and ˂111˃ denotes the diagonal …” „… an anisotropic material behavior, decreasing with increasing distance to the tooth flank surface …”

E. Erkilic, Z. Burcay Optimizing tooth proportions to improve topland Saribay balance in aerospace bevel gears S. 447-456

„… Bevel Gear Tooth Surfaces,» University of Illinois at Chicago Circle, Department of Material Engineering …” „… balance. If the working depth is increased by 15%, in an attempt to increase contact surface on the flank …” „… . Harianto, «Robust Optimization of Cylindrical Gear Tooth Surface Modifications Within Ranges of Torque and …”

A. von Freyberg, A. Fischer Automatic geometry segmentation of involute flank regions S. 1015-1024

„… construction data is available, e.g., for reverse engineering, machine tools with ceased support and old-timer …” „… construction data is available, e.g., for reverse engineering, machine tools with ceased support and old-timer …” „… flank profile. Optical Engineering 44 (2005) 10, pp. 1036031-1036037. [7] NORM ISO 1328-2, 1997 …”

A. K. Shojaei, P. Volgers, M. Cassata Advanced modeling and experimental techniques for fatigue life prediction of plastic gears S. 1575-1582

„… creep, surface finish, humidity, aging, selfheating and frequency can be considered with this approach …” „… lifetime. This works aims at introducing an advanced Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) tool for plastic …” „… Discussions DuPont™ Delrin® acetal homopolymer resin is a highly-crystalline engineering thermoplastic …”

J. Strüber Design of plastic micro gear teeth for mass production with high manufacturing tolerances for a medical device S. 1463-1472

„… [1] the boundary between precision engineering gears and microgears is a module of 0.2 mm. With …” „… micro-gearwheels, just as for precision engineering gearwheels, the involute form is the favoured tooth shape [1 …” „… dedendum in the area of the root surface or the undercut and mandatorily only removes a small element from …”

Z. Roth, J. Opferkuch High load capacity gear root fillet contour with a bézier curve S. 719-732

„… cross-section modifications and transitions. For this purpose, notches at a variety of engineering components …” „… of teeth is 34. An optimization the pressure angles to 20° of the surface under load illustrated here …” „… and to 26° of the respective unloaded surface would allow a safety factor increase up to 1.31 …”

C. Brecher, C. Löpenhaus, J. Brimmers Potential of free flank modifications for beveloid gears S. 553-564

„… free form surfaces used in computer aided design (CAD) software [22]. This report will focus on high …” „… Gesellschaft für Produktionstechnik (Hrsg) Production Engineering. Research and Development. Springer Verlag …” „… gears and gear pairs. Concepts and geometry (21771) 22. Salomon D (2006) Curves and surfaces for …”

D. Krüger, E. Leidich, I. Römhild, R. Heß, H. Linke Geometry, pitting and tooth root capacity of asymmetric gears S. 751-768

„… failures near the surface on the working flanks caused by fatigue. They often appear below the pitch …” „… equivalent stress is at the same depth from the surface, but the magnitude is 15% higher for the gear …” „… Stirnradverzahnungen. PhD thesis, TU Chemnitz, 2017 [2] ISO 53. Cylindrical gears for general and heavy engineering …”

P. Norgauer, W. Sigmund, D. Kadach, K. Stahl Comprehensive simulation methods for crossed helical gear sets with the main focus on the calculation of contact patterns S. 353-362

„… the contact pattern without load. Because of the convex-convex surface pairing, even under load the …” „… methods in applied mechanics and engineering 194 (2005) p. 3710- 3745 [7] LUTZ, M.: Methoden zur …”

E. Chiappetta, D. Morrey Non-standard spur gear tooth profiles for improved epicyclic gear system performance in low speed applications S. 825-834

„… applications Erasmo Chiappetta, Prof. Denise Morrey, Department of Mechanical Engineering Mathematical …” „… parameters have been generated and exported, for surface generation and consequent assembly operations, into …”

C. Brecher, C. Löpenhaus, M. Schroers, T. Frech, P. Scholzen Optimization of NVH behavior of gears by alternative gear materials S. 539-552

„… three-dimensional density profile in the surface zone of PM gears as well as the material stiffness due to the …” „… .: Sound-Engineering im Automobilbereich. Methoden zur Messung und Auswertung von Geräuschen und Schwingungen. Berlin …”

M. Shuai, M. Shuai, J. Guoguang, Z. Yidu, L. Chao, H. Haruo Research on multiple-split load sharing characteristics of 2-stage external meshing star gearing system S. 769-782

„… System Mo Shuai, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, China …” „… surface load distribution[13], Zhu Rupeng et al. studied the static load sharing characteristics of star …”

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OPE Volume 12 (2022) Issue 40 ISSN Online: 2366-8040

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Pushing Perovskite cells to greater stability and efficiency S. 28

„… , and Kai Zhu.The inverted architecture of the perovskite solar cell, coupled with surface engineering …” „… noted the reactive surface engineering stands out as an effective approach to significantly enhance the …” „… , “Surface Reaction for Efficient and Stable Inverted Per-ovskite Solar Cells,” appears in the journal Nature …”

Printed electroluminescent devices and displays: materials, production, and applications S. 10-11

„… engineering, light emitting devices can be directed to other features that can make day-to-day life more …” „… surface is one of the aspects that must be considered since it directly affects the printing quality and …” „… , textile and cork-based substrates might require an inter-face layer that provides the necessary surface …”

OLEDs as lifestyle elements S. 31

„… Application Engineering Lead, PulseForge, US » A new sustainable and affordable way to functionalize (any …” „… ) surfacesMarcelo Milani, Director Roll Coating Business, Molecular Plasma Group SA, LU » NIR Drying Technology to …” „… Development Manager, Normandy Coating, FR » Smart decorated HMI surfaces with integrated touch-sensorsDr …”

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