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VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Land.Technik AgEng 2017

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Land.Technik AgEng 2017

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2300 2017

Results in this title

M. Peeters, V. Kloster, T. Fedde, L. Frerichs Integrated wheel load measurement for tractors S. 423-430

„… Integrated wheel load measurement for tractors M.Sc. Michael Peeters, Dr.-Ing. Viktor Kloster …” „… individual wheel load is influenced by vertical, horizontal and lateral forces. Vertical forces on tires are …” „… in longitudinal and lateral direction of the vehicle will influence the dynamic wheel loads. Due to …”

A. Sharda, R. Strasser, M. Rothmund Development and Utilization of a Planter Automatic Downforce Evaluation Test Stand to quantify System Response and Accuracy S. 345-354

„… control system maintained the target gauge wheel load setting of 38 kgf ±- 22.7 kgf for more than 94% of …” „… the time. The downforce control system was able to manage gauge wheel load with disc load variations …” „… downforce control system ability to maintain target gauge wheel loads at varying speeds and soil texture …”

F. Balbach, E. Nacke, S. Böttinger Method for load-based evaluation of machines using the example of a tractor S. 521-528

„… ∑ LReferenceiki=1 The drive wheel and front axle load spectra, published by Renius [5] and Meiners [7], are …” „… , 2017 525 5. Results and Discussion The drive wheel load spectrum of a tractor with CVT has been …” „… : Standardized load spectrum of a heavy pull application for drive wheel side with reference load spectrum …”

K. Szalay, L. Kovács, G. Bércesi, I. Oldal, E. Piron, J. Charlat, T. Joly, C. Poncet, F. Tran Agricultural Tire Energy Efficiency test method and dedicated equipment to measure the fuel consumption and traction of agricultural tires under real field conditions S. 407-416

„… position other is to express the vertical load on the tested wheel. Testing wheel is centred to the …” „… wide range of tire dimensions and is capable of applying large vertical loads and drive torques. It …” „… third of the mechanical energy delivered by transmissions to the wheels is lost. Some energy is lost in …”

D. Engelmann, M. R. Unger, M. Geimer Testing and Benchmarking a Powertrain with Independent Wheel Control for Heavy Machinery S. 303-314

„… using the MOBiL method. A discussion of the relevant results obtained for tractors and wheel loaders …” „… optimize the traction of tractors, combines, or wheel loaders. In most cases, these are conflicting …” „… tractors and wheel loaders, the longitudinal distribution is equipped only with a fixed gear stage acting …”

J. Wieckhorst, T. Fedde, L. Frerichs A Traction Field Test – Real Time Tire Soil Parameters of a Tractor in Tillage Applications S. 431-438

„… by the tire load capacity. The tire load capacity is the technically permissible vertical wheel …” „… traction force of the wheel by the actual vertical wheel load. Both values are measured by the traction …” „… to missing information on dynamic axle loads and tractive efficiency. At the AgEng Conference 2015 …”

R. Himmelsbach, B. Volpert, K. Grad Electrified Front-Wheel Drive Concepts for Tractors Designed for Improved Traction Functions S. 31-38

„… Electrified Front-Wheel Drive Concepts for Tractors Designed for Improved Traction Functions …” „… . Karl Grad, ZF Friedrichshafen AG, Passau Abstract State-of-the-art four-wheel drives (4WD) for …” „… driveline. With improved front-wheel drive concepts and the good controllability provided by electric drives …”

M. Sieting, J. Krüger, H. J. Meyer Evaluation of a Suspension Concept of a Hydropneumatic Full Suspended Tractor with Focus on the Dymnamics in Combination with Implements S. 281-290

„… rms-value of the rear axle and chassis acceleration and the dynamic wheel-load coefficient for the …” „… wheel-load coefficient (nDWC) based on simulation and measured data of the TUB-Trac (Track: smoother-Track …” „… chassis accelerations and the dynamic wheel-load coefficient, which are plotted in a diagram (conflict …”

W. Stark, C. Pieke Efficiency Optimization by Using “Vehicle in the Loop” Test Methodology S. 399-406

„… plus a hydraulic load unit. The test environment allows the replication of customer applications by …” „… vehicle is set on stationary stands with wheel hub dynamometers. The vehicle dynamic characteristics are …” „… useful PTO work, providing high hydraulic load capability and (3) selecting an optimum travel speed for …”

C. Ehlert, L. Erger Development of an Intelligent Stretch Brake System S. 143-148

„… widespread usage profile. Within this application, speeds and loads have increased over the years. Today …” „… obvious that in this context driving situations with no lateral forces and engaged all-wheel drive are …” „… less risky than cornering with lateral and longitudinal forces without engaged all-wheel drive …”

D. Hast, B. Rosenbaum Predict the unpredictable – Benefits and limits of machine data analytics and component health prediction S. 529-536

„… knowledge of both the load cycles and wear conditions of the vehicle and its components. Monitoring load …” „… comparing measured load cycles with reliability models, the statistically remaining useful lifetime, for …” „… instance for the main bearing of a pump, can be determined [2]. In addition, load collective data recorded …”

R. Bumberger, W. Klinger, D. Botev Electric traction drive on a plough – More power for the driveline S. 23-30

„… [kW] 50 Gearbox ratio [-] 36 Wheel speed max. [rpm] 280 Wheel load max. [kg] 5.000 …” „… considered: Tractor: weight, right ballasting, wheel width, engine power, lifting force capability Plough …” „… drive an additional (fifth) wheel on the plough to help with traction, offers new possibilities …”

T. H. Langer Model-in-the-Loop Tuning of Hitch Control Systems of Agricultural Tractors S. 191-198

„… . Slip, which is relative speed between the pulling wheel and the ground, is also an expression of loss …” „… scheme, that based on sensors can relax the hitch by lifting the implement, reducing the pulling load …” „… measure the draught force by help of load cells. The purpose of the force control is to avoid stalling …”

C. Körtgen, G. Morandi, G. Jacobs, A. Kramer Efficient development by automatic calibration of tractor transmission control units S. 291-296

„… tractor and apply the wheel based loads. The control of the tractor and the specification of the driving …” „… the associated wheel loads are calculated by considering inertia, drag and work tasks. This can …” „… engine. Two electric dynamometers with an additional gearbox are connected to the wheel hub of the …”

C. Birkmann, T. Fedde, L. Frerichs Influence of the Drive Train and Chassis on Power Shift Operations in Standard Tractors S. 439-446

„… the load. In case of slipping clutches during the power shift operation the drive train is divided in …” „… transmission. The second one covers the secondary part of the transmission and the load. JEngine + Jprim …” „… JLoad + Jsec TEngine, nEngine TClutch 1, nClutch 1 TClutch 2, nClutch 2 TLoad, nLoad 2nd Subsystem1st …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… development of a narrow 417 track tractor Traction M. Peeters, Integrated wheel load measurement for …” „… . Botev R. Himmelsbach, Electrified Front-Wheel Drive Concepts for Tractors 31 B. Volpert, Designed for …” „… , Wheel Control for Heavy Machinery M. Geimer F. Hantschack, Development of a high performance …”

A. Bürger, S. Böttinger Driving comfort analysis of an agricultural tractor with the Hohenheim Tyre Model on complex tracks S. 263-272

„… of wheel load fluctuations and the effect on the lateral force transmission in the tyre contact patch …” „… wheel and whole vehicle passages [7]. Its application for consecutive elevation changes on tracks like …” „… Mz, the tyre model is provided with the input quantities longitudinal and lateral wheel hub …”

P. Vervaet, M. Gandillet ‘2 in 1 tire’ technology to allow maximal efficiency of the transmission chain in both road and field usage S. 447-452

„… (traction effort divided by the load applied on the tire) around 40% (1) - Tire design: for example, the …” „… at the wheel that is transmitted to the ground) is lower than 70% on most kind of soils (1) An …” „… load and pressure applied. The EvoBib technology suppress this limit by the combination of an …”

R. Schmetz Calculation of the losses in series-hybrid powertrains S. 513-520

„… , electric power-split or serieshybrid powertrains with electric single-wheel drives, here the ESHP is based …” „… further calculations and in contradiction to [3], it can also be shown that electric single-wheel drives …” „… and a differential gear, two planetary gears for the rear wheels and a power take-off to the front …”

J. Karner, C. Danner, A. Kerschbaumer, H. Prankl Definition of a test method to evaluate vibrations acting on a tractor driver S. 255-262

„… analysis the mean empty load and wheel base were derived [7]. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2300, 2017 259 Table 2 …” „… drives and slightly adapted in terms of vehicle speed and load situation (ballast, axle loads etc …” „… ballast, wherein the ballast substitutes the vertical drawbar load or implement load in hitch-up position …”

K. T. Renius 75 Conferences on Agricultural Engineering – a great Period of Innovations – Highlights of a Success Story S. 1-8

„… . 3: First load spectrum in engineering [9], histogram of PTO torque load peaks of a binder of the …” „… papers, a first from Kloth, addressing the historical publication of the wordwide first load spectra …” „… Kloth and Stroppel [9]. They had measured torque loads in the PTO drive line from the tractor to a …”

F. Hantschack, R. Rahmfeld, J. Bagusch, A. Meyer, E. Dohm Development of a high performance continuously variable drive for mobile agricultural and construction machinery S. 315-322

„… used in the large telehandler models of Kramer and the largest wheel loaders of Kramer, Weidemann and …” „… drive. The fields of application of telehandlers and wheeled loaders have become so divers that now …” „… large distances are travelled, heavy loads pulled and high-dynamic and long Y-cycles are realized in …”

S. Krieger, E. Schnur, M. M. Brenninger The Potential of CVTs in Tracked Tractors around 400 hp S. 135-142

„… onto those. The setup can be reversed into a machine with wheels. With some higher degree of …” „… machine that can be reverted in a wheeled one with all of the advantages of wheels. Concerning comfort …” „… drivetrain of the standard tractor is not prepared for the loads of a tracked vehicle, the rework of the …”

D.-J. Stapel 4-row potato harvester based on a mirrored product flow concept S. 505-512

„… 507 chine was a bunker capacity of 15 tons. For carrying the bunker load and the machine weight, two …” „… behind the intake. This feature brings a second very important advantage. As the front and rear wheels of …” „… VDI-Berichte Nr. 2300, 2017 509 unwanted soil compaction due to multiple passes of wheels in identical tracks …”

K. Ritters, P. Winkelhahn, L. Frerichs, B. Kriebel Determining saving potentials in a tractor drivetrain using a simulation model and measured operating data S. 297-302

„… representative loads. For this, a high number of data sets for different operation modes must be analysed. After …” „… . As input data for the model, measurement data of real machines is used, so that realistic load …” „… result of a measure can be seen in figure 4. The tractor performs soil tillage with a high engine load …”

A. Meiners, S. Häberle, S. Böttinger Advancement of the Hohenheim Tractor Model – Adaption on current demands S. 245-254

„… harvester, wheel loader As an approach for these simulation models, the Hohenheim Tractor Model based on …” „… discussed below. The tyre-soil model to determine drawbar pull/slip-curves for each single wheel of the …”

P. Hannukainen, R. Åman Biomethane as tractor fuel – Opportunities for customer, manufacturer or climate S. 355-366

„… loader work at farm - Light constant work i.e. included grass mowing MEKA project concluded that dual …” „… gasoline. In Fig. 6 is presented a comparison of well-to-wheel emissions for some renewable fuels compared …” „… to diesel and gasoline. Fig. 6:. Comparison of well-to-wheel emissions of biofuels [16 …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023006

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Drivetrain for Vehicles 2016

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Drivetrain for Vehicles 2016

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2276 2016

Results in this title

D. J. Franco, L. Dalla Palma, P. Rossi, F. Panizzolo HVT high dynamics and power management strategies for wheel loader application S. 595-604

„… HVT high dynamics and power management strategies for wheel loader application Ing. D. J …” „… the wheel loader application, the high stiffness of the HVT represents its main drawback in …” „… . & Möller, D. & Panizzolo, F. HVT – The power-split transmission for wheel loaders. ATK Antriebstechnisches …”

P. Gwinner, M. Otto, K. Stahl Torque-Vectoring Transmission with Reinforced Plastic Housing for an Electric Subcompact Vehicle – Measures to Integrate a Plastic Housing into an E-Drive Transmission S. 503-514

„… negative torque with the same value to the other wheel and vice versa. For partial load of the axle the …” „… strict requirements of the safety concept, a rear wheel drive has to be provided for the vehicle. The …” „… velocity kph 120 Axle gear ratio - 10.15 Maximum ∆T @wheels with torque-vectoring ∆Twheels / Nm 576 …”

B. Kohn, M. Otto, K. Stahl Noise Reduction Potential of Waveform Flank Modifications – Topological Waveform and Waveform-like Modifications Provide Promising Optimization Perspective S. 451-468

„… relief (wheel) b) mesh topography Fig. 3: Topographies with periodic tip relief Target load for every …” „… competing goals in terms of high load carrying capacity as well as low noise excitation levels. Often …” „… microgeometries that grant high load carrying capacity. Modifications of the waveform geometries are conducted …”

T. M. Wolf Optimizing the gearbox efficiency rate by rolling bearings – Six speed manual transmission for front wheel drive cars S. 281-296

„… front wheel drive cars Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Thomas M. Wolf, SKF GmbH, Schweinfurt Zusammenfassung …” „… drive the wheels of the vehicle. Thus the engine and the wheels of the car are permanently connected by …” „… response it is necessary to know precisely the torque and speed levels acting at any load case. Knowing …”

K. Fronius, A. Harsch, P. Neuwirth, J. Gindele The AMG SPEEDSHIFT DCT from the Mercedes-Benz 7G-DCT Family – Performance for the Road and Race Track in the Compact Segment S. 53-68

„… the components' load limit raised once again. To ensure a better tractive force connection, gear …” „… an all-wheel drive in all front-transverse model series of Mercedes-AMG. VDI-Berichte 2276 …” „… equally in the 4x2 and all-wheel versions. The performance is represented here by the powertrain of the …”

H.-W. Raedt, F. Wilke, C.-S. Ernst Lightweight Design in transmission by forging technology in passenger cars and light commercial vehicles S. 485-502

„… designed for a wheel load of 975 kg (Fig. 7). Today, forged aluminum wheels are mostly found in luxury …” „… -speed transmission and rear wheel drive, thus representing the most widely sold configuration …” „… reducing weight while retaining comparable levels of stiffness and resistance to buckling load and …”

R. Kronstorfer, F. Kolb, U. Pinschmidt Audi quattro – Four wheel drive becomes more efficient S. 369-382

„… , 2016 379 Vehicle Model: Calculation of the dynamic wheel load distribution. Frictional Values Model …” „… Audi quattro Four wheel drive becomes more efficient Rolf Kronstorfer, Florian Kolb, Udo …” „… . Abstract The all-wheel drive quattro has a very long and successful history at Audi. With more than seven …”

D. Engelmann, W. Müller, M. Geimer Project “Line Traction 3” – Mechanical driveline with activewheel hubs S. 731-742

„… this concept all wheels are driven mechanically without differential. This improves traction. In order …” „… to prevent tensions in the powertrain when the vehicle is driving through curves, every driven wheel …” „… has a planetary gear which adjusts the individual wheel speed with superposition. The necessary speed …”

J. Willert, C. Bünder Modular and Scalable Approaches in Layshaft Transmission Design S. 167-176

„… to the intrinsic efficiency they have: Clutches aside, the load path is entirely made-up of …” „… cars and upwards have automatic transmissions. Manual transmissions for rear wheel applications have …” „… commercial vehicles that deliver lower torque but handle high cargo load. The MTI Next Generation [3 …”

A. Albers, U. Reichert, S. Ott, A. Radimersky Software supported development of a Battery Electric Vehicle powertrain considering the efficiency S. 321-338

„… Recurring notifications of high CO2 and fine dust load in urban and interurban areas show the increased …” „… S is a VDI-Berichte 2276, 2016 323 Fig. 2: Torque and speed at the wheels in different maneuvers …” „… categorized in load-depended losses that raise with higher torque and in losses independent of load that …”

M. Seeberger, P. Leipold, R. Schmelzer 8-speed transmission development for motorsport application S. 397-404

„… the driven wheels to lock abruptly after downshifting. This can prevent critical situations …” „… 407GqNB0fKIbfqmPv2kHw==_#NP# - Benefit for drivers as they can keep hands on the steering wheel at all …” „… due to using steering wheel paddles - Lower cost frame compared to a completely newly developed …”

S. Fujimoto, N. Shiomura, K. Sato, Y. Kawahara The Trend and Future of Torque Converter for CVT S. 869-878

„… CVT/ Comparisons of TC for AT and CVT (1) Appropriate use of RWD Rear wheel drive longitudinal system …” „… and FWD Front wheel drive transverse system RWD tends to be expensive and have influence on cabin …” „… results in the decrease of both variator and system efficiency due to higher load over oil pump because …”

A. Kooy, D. Eireiner, T. Krause, C. Herbers, B. Vögtle Torsional Damping Systems for all relevant Powertrains – Extending current Damping Technologies S. 257-270

„… based on the wheel acceleration amplitude. To reflect the vehicle’s vibration behavior, the simulated …” „… front wheel drive applications and engines building up their full torque at 1200 1/min. The 3-cylinder …” „… assumed torque maximum at 1200 1/min will be reached, as this also depends on loads and vibrations of the …”

M. Funk, G. Bofinger, J. Patzer, D. O. Lautenschlager, E. Granderath The New Porsche Dual Clutch Gearbox (PDK) – an Important Component of the Powertrain of the Future S. 69-84

„… variants. The 2WD derivative was conceptualised for a standard rear-wheel drive system, wherein the low …” „… ) with a pump driven by the output shaft. In the low-load range, and at high driving speeds, gearwheel …” „… : Characterisation of the carbon synchronous lining It was shown that the loads are too high for paper or …”

S. Foulard, S. Rinderknecht, R. Fietzek Paradigm Change in Transmission Design by Online Condition Prediction – Cost- Efficient and Resource-Optimized Lightweight Design based on the eLIFE and ecoLIFE3 Concepts S. 515-530

„… lightweight design and more load appropriate dimensioning in transmission engineering. This is based on …” „… is that the load spectra of transmission components and the resulting service lifetimes are only …” „… failure can only be identified with a lot of effort, because the load history of the respective …”

R. Welter, M. Kneißler, M. Hausner, D. Schulteis The Fascination of Clutch-by-Wire S. 121-136

„… rolling contact drives are compact and have high load capacities. This has been facilitated by modern …” „… system and the clutch as well as the axial bearing load, for example in the Dual Mass Flywheel. Strength …” „… gives perfect protection without preventing sporty driving. Ultimately, the load on all components in …”

A. Albers, S. Ott, N. Bursac, S. Rapp Product Generation Engineering – efficient and effective to innovative drivetrain solutions S. 17-32

„… combustion engine to the wheels and adjust rotational speed" as an example. Simultaneously the figure shows …” „… torque from combustion engine to the wheels and adjust rotational speed" with the C&C²-A by using the …” „… mounting of the two flywheels gyroscopic forces caused great loads in the WSPs of the bearings leading to …”

W. Hinz, G. Bednarek The new 8-speed FWD Automatic Transmission for General Motors / A. Opel AG S. 383-396

„… front-wheel-drive vehicles as well. The first application front-wheel-drive 8-speed automatic transmission (AF50-8 …” „… to a fuel-saving 4-cylinder mode under low or moderate loads are some examples of functions which …” „… deactivate the rear wheels from the torque if not needed. The transmission’s one reverse and eight forward …”

A. Lampe, U. Mettin, R. Serway Clutch control of stepped automatic transmissions by using a virtual DCT-structure – Power shifts made easy with generic control software S. 405-420

„… demand can be propagated during a gear shift by shifting the load from one clutch to another without …” „… the load of the input can be transferred over two separate paths. To ensure sequential power up- and …” „… available on the target path before the load can be shifted from one path to the other via the clutches C1 …”

R. König, A. Viehmann, S. Rinderknecht Development of the transmission control for a High-Speed Multi-Gear Powertrain Concept for Electric Vehicles S. 543-562

„… situations with low or moderate load. Therefore, there is room for improvement in terms of efficiency and …” „… wheel of the differential, as shown in Fig. 2. Besides the described advantages of multi-speed …” „… VDI-Berichte 2276, 2016 545 chines. The smaller machines can operate at higher relative loads and therefore in …”

J. Utz, V. Lichtenwald, G. Hirt Short Synchro (STSS) – reduced shift travel for MT’s and DCT’s – Development of a synchronizer system for future demands in transmissions S. 231-242

„… turns into the locking po- VDI-Berichte 2276, 2016 233 sition in all load conditions. Reducing the shift …” „… load conditions. - The free flight is mainly defined by the wear reserve of the ring package, which …” „… and can help to optimize all the adjacent parts such as gear wheels, bearings and shifting parts. In …”

M. Jordan, P. Tenberge Optimized Start-Stop-Control of a P2-Hybrid – Identification of critical parameters for comfort and timing S. 421-434

„… and the engine load. Fig. 2: Instantaneous torque generated by a single piston at 1000 rpm, half …” „… Fig. 2). In order to model the response time of the engine, a change in load as requested by the ECU …” „… acceleration of the vehicle depends on the tyre model. A direct transformation from wheel torque to …”

J. Winchester, A. Favale, S. A. Martin Lightweight, Highly Efficient Drive System S. 667-680

„… . 10 below shows a forklift truck with two Induction motors packaged into the front wheels. Fig. 11 …” „… induction motor. The test represented a 3.5 hour transient cycle with dynamic loads showing a typical …” „… inside the IPM motor and its capability to reduce its temperature during the ‘off load’ periods of the …”

P. Maurel, B. Bradaï, T. Heitzmann, V. Picron, R. Randriazanamparany, D. Taccoen Entry Mated©: An automated vehicle traffic jam assist function for three pedals entry cars S. 531-542

„… with an electromechanical clutch actuator, a clutch pedal load simulator and additional transmission …” „… function, the driver is required to have hands on the steering wheel, all the time. So he’s able to regain …”

V. Warth, B. Reick, B. Bertsche, M. Geimer Efficient analysis of complex continuously variable power split transmissions with multiple in- and outputs S. 719-730

„… set the engine operating point independent on the loads applied to the vehicle. Using a CVT, the …” „… Hydrostatic variator Friction wheel variator Hydrodynamic variator Ratio range Operating principle Power …” „… load-dependent gear efficiency can be roughly calculated by relating the ideal to the lossy output torque , [10 …”

M. Kraft, W. Pflieger, S. Henzler, C. Nizzola, S. Rinderknecht Simulation-based study of drivetrain electrification to improve driving dynamics S. 177-192

„… loads and center of gravity. E-drive functionalities, such as boosting and torque shifting, enable the …” „… parallel hybrid architectures are analyzed by Jobst [9] and Rüger [10]. In their work a rear-wheel …” „… , the electric traction force cannot be ideally applied at front wheels while cornering. 3 …”

S. A. Pahlovy, S. Faria Mahmud, M. Kubota, M. Ogawa, N. Takakura Improvement of transmission efficiency by reducing the drag torque in disengaged wet clutch – Development of a model for calculating drag torque or spin loss of disengaged wet clutch of transmission S. 879-896

„… to the wheels of the car, which, when applied to road, moves the car. Simply put, a powertrain is …” „… and beam type single point load cell was used to measure the drag torque of plates and speed of hub …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181022764

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Powertrain Systems in Mobile Machines 2022

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Powertrain Systems in Mobile Machines 2022

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2402 2022

Results in this title

S. Eichler, C. Guernsey The Wheel Loader of Tomorrow: Proof-of-Concept Vehicle & Learnings from Full-Electric Drivetrain Conversion S. 185-198

„… The Wheel Loader of Tomorrow: Proof-of-Concept Vehicle & Learnings from Full-Electric …” „… team worked together to convert a CAT926M 13-ton wheel loader to a full battery electric vehicle and …” „… fully electric wheel loader located at our Application Development Center (ADC) in Nordborg, DK. When …”

L. Serrao Driving the electric transformation – The evolution of off-highway powertrain S. 135-150

„… , using a case study (compact wheel loader) to provide an example of results and meth-ods applied …” „… this case represented by a color-code matrix). It is referred to a compact wheel loader, which is used …” „… machines. Table 1: Evaluation of architectures for compact wheel loader Metric Weight eGB (2-spd …”

M. Schwaderlapp, A. Plumpe Sustainable Powertrains for Mobile Machinery – DEUTZ’ strategy towards a zero-emission future S. 29-46

„… carrier. The challenges for sustainable drives for mobile machinery lie in the varying load profiles of …” „… operated with versatile operation profiles includ-ing high transient conditions, high permanent loads and …” „… completely different load profile and load factor. Fig. 3: CO2 saving potential by example of a small …”

E. Schobesberger The Off-Highway Machine of the future – concepts of alternative drive technologies S. 1-12

„… wheel loader - building yard application VDI-Berichte Nr. 2402, 20226 The subject of this …” „… study is a wheel loader with a total weight of 5 tonnes in use at a municipal building yard. The main …” „… ’)  Infrastructure  Construction machinery usage (‘Tank-to-Wheel’)  Scrapping or recycling (‘End-of-Life’). As a …”

S. Rinderknecht, S. Foulard, R. Fietzek Resource-efficient dimensioning, usage and maintenance of machine components through AI-based virtual sensors S. 241-0

„… so-called load & lifetime monitoring and, eventually, replacing components for the most demanding users …” „… dynamic component loads, with the same level of accuracy as a dedicated hardware sensor. In order to …” „… to mobile machines. In the next section, an example for real-time load monitoring using virtual …”

R. Morrison, J. Legner Future Electrified Drivetrain for Off-Highway in the 60-80kW Power Range S. 163-170

„… wheel loaders. Inline with market demand, the focus has been on system solutions for compact machinery …” „… drive shaft needed to drive the opposite axle. As many medium size vehicles are full-time four-wheel …” „… vehicle. In a backhoe, the front wheels are typically smaller in diameter than the rear wheels …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… Wheel Loader of Tomorrow: Proof-of-Concept Vehicle & Learnings from Full-Electric Drivetrain Conversion …” „… determining future areas of application for battery-electric wheeled and telescopic loaders …”

R. Himmelsbach, J. Ziegler, E. Nachbaur eCVT for Tractors – Experience report about potentials and challenges S. 223-232

„… battery electric or hydrogen powered vehicles. Nevertheless, the CO2 emissions in a well-to-wheel view can …” „… simulate an external load like an electric driven implement or auxiliary drives on the tractor. The …” „… eCVT:  Software tests and tuning  Dynamics tests  Load tests  Efficiency and drag torque …”

F. Wohlfahrt, T. Göres, S. Terörde, L. Frerichs Decarbonization Strategies for Heavy Duty Harvesting Machinery S. 47-64

„… loads of more than ~1500 kg critical for the mainly wheel-driven axles [4]. Fig 6: Integration space …” „… higher engine loads this leads to an extensive need of energy storage on the machinery [4]. Figure 1 …” „… characteristics of machine concepts. An understanding of the load/performance characteristics of a harvester is …”

A. Meyer, M. Kurz, F. Madlener Approach for determining future areas of application for battery-electric wheeled and telescopic loaders S. 113-126

„… Approach for determining future areas of application for battery-electric wheeled and telescopic loaders …” „… resulting areas of application of bat-tery-electric wheeled and telescopic loaders is discussed. 1 …” „… . Weiterhin besteht ein Unterschied in der Aufnahmegeschwindigkeit der Energie. 3. Well-to-Wheel Emissionen …”

T. Bögel, T. Herlitzius Wann kommen elektrifizierte und sensorgesteuerte Antriebssystemmodule in der Landtechnik? S. 211-222

„… gears. The first battery-powered machines (excavators, wheel loaders, tractors) are available on the …” „… presented by the companies ZF and Pöttinger in the field of tillage. The support wheel of the plow was …”

M. Birk, S. Biel Potential and Implementation of Neural Networks on Volume Production Control Units for Off-Highway Applications S. 233-240

„… Figure 2 shows the prediction of the clutch temperature using a neural network. It comes from a wheel …” „… loader. It can be seen how Clutch A is engaged and the temperature increases as a VDI-Berichte Nr. 2402 …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024027

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Powertrain Systems in Mobile Machines 2024

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Powertrain Systems in Mobile Machines 2024

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2434 2024

Results in this title

R. Glöckner, S. Schinacher Electrified powertrain for a medium size wheel loader Central-drive system for a 10 – 20to wheel loader S. 155-164

R. Burjes, J. Pence, C. Janasek Electric Drive Design for Off-Highway Applications For use in an agricultural tractor and wheel loader S. 9-16

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024348

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - LAND.TECHNIK AgEng 2023

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

LAND.TECHNIK AgEng 2023

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2427 2023

Results in this title

C. Schaub, R. Schütte Performance optimization of CVT standard tractors in front loading application S. 21-28

„… using specialized machines like wheel loaders. Commonly used transmissions within VDI-Berichte Nr. 2427 …” „… , 2023 21wheel loaders are specialized CVT-transmissions, mechanical transmissions with torque converter …” „… usage in wheel loaders. Other wheel loaders are equipped with a torque converter. These allows slippage …”

C. A. Arévalo-Montaña, S. Böttinger Tractive effort prediction based on dynamic soil parameters S. 235-246

„… effort and wheel slip. With the 520 70 R38 tyre, measurements were performed under three wheel loads and …” „… (cohesion 𝑐, angle of internal friction 𝜙, 𝐾 and 𝐾 ), foot print area, wheel load 𝐹 and wheel slip (i …” „… load and wheel slip (i). On the other hand, the cohesion and internal friction angle are VDI-Berichte …”

T. Herlitzius, H. Döll, M. Lindner Tyre testing methodology to evaluate contact pressure distribution and simulation of the resulting soil compaction risk S. 247-254

„… subjected to representative wheel loads in the test rig and the resulting contact surfaces area and contact …” „… all given combinations of tyre pres-sure and wheel load, was not applied. The tyres were tested at …” „… different wheel loads with an inflation pressure according to the tyre manufacturer's recommendation. The …”

C. Birkmann, C. Schaub, M. Schmotz, N.-K. Rose, S. Walther, P. Guillaume Multi-Dimensional Three-Point-Hitch Control to Optimize Performance, Efficiency and Working Quality of Tractor Implement Combinations S. 181-190

„… this example, the load transfer will reduce the rolling resistance force of the support wheel by 100 kg …” „… adjustment of the support wheel is measured to calculate the load on the support wheel, if necessary. Whilst …” „… ensure that no VDI-Berichte Nr. 2427, 2023186load is imposed on the roller. By knowing the support wheel …”

L. Angelucci, M. Mattetti, F. Pinet, A. Vertua Traction test methods to assess the energy efficiency of agricultural tractors and tires S. 263-268

„… indicated as WFTs were installed for measuring dynamic wheel loads. 3. Materials and method Tests were …” „… dynamic radius of one of the rear wheels calculated without applied load on a flat ground by the Eq. (3 …” „… test the vehicle under different drawbar loads and wheel slips. In this article, two different testing …”

S. Willems, R. Himmelsbach, S. Igl Electric powertrain solutions for tractors – An introduction to a highly integrated electric axle drive system S. 295-300

„… diesel- or methane-electric vehicle architectures [1],[2], electric single wheel drive solutions [1], or …” „… final gear sets providing additional ratio between gearbox and wheels, the main vehicle brake system …” „… fourth, a mechanical front wheel drive should be considered from the beginning. The integrated electric …”

K. Kivekäs, A. Lajunen R. Stirnimann#S. Gfeller High-fidelity simulation modelling of agricultural mobile robots S. 255-262

„… its relatively low computational load compared to DEM and SPH approaches. A multibody model of a …” „… modelling software [9]. The robot was designed to be rear-wheel drive with a beam axle in the rear, and the …” „… relatively small size of the wheels. Project Chrono does not offer by default the ability to simulate a …”

J. Konrad, C. Varlese, C. Junger, R. Krizan, P. Hofmann Fuel cell electric powertrain for the agricultural tractor – FCTRAC: development, performance, and benchmarking S. 49-56

„… thermal system focuses on the challenging fuel cell heat dissipation due to high thermal loads and low …” „… the doner vehicle with 95 kW constant load at 35 °C ambient temperature without derating. Project …” „… 95 kW and powers the donor vehicle's CVT (for the 4-wheel drivetrain and rear PTO) and the front PTO …”

B. Kazenwadel, S. Becker, L. Michiels, M. Geimer Data-driven algorithms for predicting energy-efficient operating points in agricultural soil tillage S. 519-528

„… wheel loads into account. Therefore, the lifting forces of the rear links of the tractor must be …” „… neglected. The traction model assumes all-wheel drive, locked differentials, and that the overall traction …” „… characteristics of the tractor are similar to those of a single wheel. This assumption neglects the multi-pass …”

C. Mayer, T. Eberhart, K. Huber, J. Karner Fuel cell electric tractor powered with biogenic hydrogen – Vehicle design and architecture S. 57-62

„… transient load requirements. Therefore, a high-voltage battery (HVB) based on lithium-ion cell technology is …” „… to costs and simplicity reasons. The transmission drives in addition to the wheels the hydraulic …” „… from the e-Drive gearbox drives a shaft connected to the front PTO. The front axle with four-wheel …”

C. Richard Innovative drivetrain concept for a high horsepower 4WD CVT tractor S. 269-274

„… in the all-wheel steered concept, the maximum enveloping geometry of the track unit was defined …” „… length" and "maximum wrap angle” at the drive wheel. Subsequently, the integration of the steering …” „… the gear ratio in the familiar wheel axle. 5. Summary The results of the first tractive force …”

R. Konradt, S. Schmidt Design of an adjustable lightweight stilt tractor – Concept tractor for the application of biological control in maize S. 289-294

„… integrated into the stilts and intended mudguards. Certain load cases could not be fully evaluated in advance …” „… all-wheel drivetrain. To ensure optimum traction despite the low weight and narrow tyres of the stilt …” „… divider and allows precise control of the left and right wheel hub motors. The cost disadvantage of such a …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024270

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