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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

ELIV 2021

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2384 2021

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S. Koller, R. Uerlich, G. Witham, L. Eckstein Concept ELV² – Development of an Electric Drive Axle for Heavy Commercial Vehicles S. 653-0

„… sven.koeller@ika.rwth-aachen.de | Telefon: +49 241 80 25625 References • Kieninger, D., Hemsen, J., Köller, S. et al. Automated …” „… ex t Steps • Finalize buildup • Efficiency measurement • Validation of presented models Transmission …” „… description of model • Automated transmission topology synthesis • Rough gear design based on standards …”

L. Gonzales-Fuentes, M. Harihar, M. Cassol Trajectory tracking using Neural Network for Autonomous Driving Systems S. 75-82

„… modelling errors that degrade their performance. In order to combat any disturbances or model mismatch …” „… safety needs. Diverse model predictive control (MPC) methods have been proposed to tackle this problem …” „… can be achieved using model prediction control (MPC) systems. Traditional MPC has a good performance …”

D. Mehlig, M. Muller, J. Treier, A. Loges Long distance e-mobility in the trade-off between battery capacity & charging power – Battery immersion cooling as enabler technology? S. 545-562

„… reference year 2015 with 2,2 million global produced full hybrid (FHEV), plugin hybrid (PHEV) and battery …” „… analyzed as reference vehicles. Optimized combinations, which fulfill customer needs and cost expectations …” „… as well as battery lifetime, availability of models and safety concerns are assumed to be constant …”

C. Cremers, P. Hubertus, R. Laszlo, M. Pfeifle, O. Muratov Augmented Reality Guidance based on 6D Positioning and HD Lanes S. 367-380

„… Section 5 with a short summary and an outlook. 2. HD Maps Map data is a great reference - an …” „… support connected AD solutions. The layers are logically structured into Road Model, HD Lane Model, and …” „… HD Localization Model (cf. Fig. 1). VDI-Berichte Nr. 2384, 2021368 Fig. 1: HERE HD Live Map …”

M. Ghivari, D. Chakraborty State of Health and State of Charge Estimation method – A Machine Learning based hybrid approach S. 605-612

„… physics-based model for correcting the estimated states have proven to be considered accurate. Alternatively …” „… battery model and a neural network to predict SOC and then using the obtained SOC to derive SOH …” „… from the battery cell model, filtered using the neural network. Additionally, the SOH algorithm …”

K. Brand Shifting Left the development of Electric Vehicle Products, from System to Software S. 563-578

„… portfolio of transaction level models and reference designs covering many of the leading-edge titles from …” „… Model-in-Loop o Detailed Electrical Models Open, standards-based connectivity with industry tools. Fast …” „… algorithmic high-level model-in-the-loop (MIL) development for extremely fast execution of system studies …”

G. Castignani, F. Chandelle, S. Jafarnejad, I. Scherer Evaluation of a driver’s compatibility with electric, plug-in hybrid, and hybrid vehicles based on mobility patterns analytics S. 489-500

„… Environment AISBL, it is estimated that by 2025, 172 new BEV models will be launched in Europe [2]. In …” „… limitation for early adopters of EV (in particular BEV) models. Consumers may still be hesitant to switch to …” „… Profiling models The platform can profile trips based on the augmented data, meaning calculate scores and …”

I. Trefz Virtual software platform for the car – On the road to the next paradigm shift with VIRTIO standards S. 237-244

„… and hardware from different manufacturers, in different models, and across multiple vehicle …” „… same, performance as hardware-assisted I/O virtualization models. This is because VIRTIO avoids costly …” „… excessive load on the system's general-purpose compute cores, VIRTIO transfers references to actual data …”

M. Bottigheimer, T. Lammle, C. Lammle, V. Schall, A. Wiebelt Wireless Charging for Electric Vehicles with its Boundary Conditions – A Contribution for Market Breakthrough S. 459-474

„… limit, a reference value is defined. With a voltage of 60 VDC and 25 VAC / 50 Hz it is ensured that in …” „… any worst case situation like wet hands there is no danger [19]. So, the reference values are set for …” „… , categorized via organs To assess the risk in the human body models have to be made and the electrical …”

O. Kath Model-Based Systems Engineering accelerated S. 205-214

„… Model-Based Systems Engineering accelerated Dr. Olaf Kath, Senior Director R&D, Ansys Germany …” „… GmbH Abstract Model-based systems engineering (MBSE) is a methodology that focuses on creating …” „… -,” trade-off and change/impact analyses. Model-based Systems Engineering INCOSE, the organization “behind …”

S. Wonneberger, S. Balci Reliable Validation of Highly Automated Driving Functions by Increasing the Virtualization Level of High Performance Computing Platforms and Smart Sensors S. 17-28

„… amount of virtualization is desired to reduce the amount of emulation and model-based abstraction of the …” „… base software stack emulation is not needed. In the following we analyze a reference HCP for …” „… based on a theoretical HCP for the ADAS/AD domain based on reference designs from literature and …”

J. Klesing, P. Schmitt Chassis Health Management – End-to-End Architecture and Methods S. 105-116

„… System are Fault Symptoms, which are generated via real-time system models. The Diagnostic Reasoner uses …” „… provides the underlying models for processing, fault isolation and technician advisory at design-time …” „… coverage by fault models with anomaly detection (Fig. 5), their occurrence can be substantially reduced …”

B. Hellenthal, C. Grimm, J. Koch, A. Breckel, M. Tichy An Eco-System for the Development of Automotive Innovation Roadmaps S. 285-294

„… modeling of roadmaps by providing a synchronous and asynchronous way of adapting the model by multiple …” „… Interface for Model-Driven Engineering of Technology Roadmaps. SEAA 2020: 162-170 [2] Jakob Pietron …” „… : contributors collect structure, model requirements and possible contributions for targeted innovations. These …”

O. Meyer, B. Bohlen Applying Standards for future Vehicle Diagnostic and Vehicle Lifecycle Management S. 409-422

„… following use cases specifically: monitoring all vehicles of a newly introduced model, running a dedicated …” „… Closely monitor new vehicle models – – – – – – – P – x x Detect root cause of sporadic problems …” „… vehicle models” and “Long-term data collection and analyses” both require unspecific data. Either because …”

S. Apartsin, H. Stein, G. Reiter, K. Williams AI-based Signal Integrity Monitoring for Integrated Vehicle Health Management S. 143-150

„… models. Introduction The increasing complexity of vehicle electronics and software is bringing an …” „… algorithms and models that are designed in serial and/or parallel signal paths. These pipelines can include …” „… Scoring and Decision Models block. The Health Indictor provides a score for the anomaly level of the …”

C. Heer, J. C. Gobel, D. Mollahassani, S. Forte Future Collaboration Ecosystem for Automotive Microelectronic Innovation Processes S. 295-308

„… . 4. Outlook A holistic and model-based approach is in the future inalienable in the roadmap and …” „… and expert rounds. The next upcoming steps are to develop a framework for the model-based …” „… integration based on a model-based solution such as the SysML. The following papers will deal with the …”

S. Alexander, F. Borrelli, M. Pfeifle Real-time Contextual Intelligence Services for Connected Electrified Vehicles S. 509-522

„… in Model-based AI applied to mobility. In this paper we discuss how WideSense, NNG, and UC Berkeley …” „… . Model-based AI and Context-aware E-Mobility The technology innovation is a real-time CMI platform for …” „… models is denoted as Model-Based AI. Behavior models are compact mathematical representations of …”

T. Fuchs, O. Manicke, M. Zinser, B. Baker Automotive digital twin: An approach for isolating and virtual validating of software updates in end-to-end architectures based on customer vehicles S. 223-236

„… ., Ernst, R., Nolte, M., Jatzkowski, I. and Maurer, M.: Towards model-based integration of component-based …” „… . Components of the digital twin, such as the virtual models themself, services and data structure will be …” „… described. Secondly, this paper introduces a graph-based approach to model end-to-end architectures. The …”

U. Bodenhausen Make AI Testing Meaningful – From Understanding to Mastering of AI Testing S. 151-162

„… V-Model is only used as reference to the established ASPICE process areas. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2384 …” „… assessment models. Artificial Intelligence (AI) Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers great potential for …” „… nature and amount of training data, the learning model architecture, and the augmentation policy …”

A. P. Das, K. Thomas, A. Mohan, A. S. Akhil, K. P. Ganesh A Battery Digital Twin framework for Predictive Maintenance and State of Health Estimation of Electric Vehicles S. 579-592

„… packs for a fleet of vehicles. This work presents the digital model of the battery, data driven models …” „… system is analysed with NASA prognostic data set and from the vehicle???s plant model with various drive …” „… using NASA dataset and data set generated using plant model. Related Works Even though the battery …”

S. Kuhn Combined application of agile practices and functional safety in automotive software development S. 197-204

„… 26262 support a maturity model with corresponding maturity levels. Maturity levels define a degree of …” „… completion. By introducing a maturity model, efforts regarding safety can be divided into maturity levels …” „… object model to improve extensibility [source: https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_refactoring …”

T. Fricke, F. Schuck, J. Vogelpoh, J. Ax, R. Stolpe, H. Amelunxen Collaborative Development of a Test Environment for Automated Driving S. 5-16

„… model-in-the-loop, SIL/MIL) and enabling system integration tests. Although HIL testing is a well-established test …” „… validation and homologation of the AD system), sensor suppliers (providing specifications and models for …” „… different tasks, such as model integration and delivery, test automation or system maintenance). Since …”

D. Bartlett, S. Sesia, T. Yuan Liu Hybrid collaborative positioning/navigation scheme for performance enhancements and local perception improvement for automated driving S. 47-60

„… sequential, step-by-step waterfall model with Gantt Diagrams. This approach was very successful for many …” „… isolation, while abstractions like the Windows APIs and the Component Object Model (COM) provided software …” „… Services Object Manager I/O Manager Security Reference Monitor IPC Manager Virtual Memory Manager …”

S. Selitrennikoff, M. Ortegon-Cabrera Architecting for Secure, Safe and Agile Software Defined Vehicles – Learnings from the Personal Computer industry S. 395-408

„… model with Gantt Diagrams. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2384, 2021 395 This approach was very successful for many …” „… isolation, while abstractions like the Windows APIs and the Component Object Model (COM) provided software …” „… Services Object Manager I/O Manager Security Reference Monitor IPC Manager Virtual Memory Manager …”

K. Renatus, A. Unger, B. Baker, O. Manicke Machine learning approach towards remote diagnostics and repair of electric vehicle charging processes S. 163-174

„… be divided into model-based and model-free algorithms, regarding the presence of an environmental …” „… model. As model-free approaches are easier to implement, such are used for first simulations. Advantage …” „… transfer and first results using model-free RL For first simulations, the EV-EVSE environment is …”

M. Wachs, J. Jager, A. Berthold The Crossroads of Automotive Security and GDPR S. 623-640

„… Data Protection Model” (German: “Standarddatenschutzmodell” (SDM)) developed by the “German Konferenz …” „… Measures” supplemented by a catalogue of Reference Measures (“Building Blocks”) [3]. The implementation …” „… influenced by its legal background. In data protection, the reference to a recognized technicalorganizational …”

S. Kraus Automotive Software Development – Is it Different? S. 187-196

„… developed and manufactured for a specific vehicle model. In contrast, software libraries are used in the …” „… versus function-oriented integration. If the collaborative working model of the automotive industry is …” „… requires not only the management of the vehicle model but preferably of each individual vehicle. This is …”

D. Geyer, C. Miedl Safety Architectures for Automotive Cross Domain Servers – Challenges and Potentials S. 447-458

„… Instruction set test Reference calculation Safety / Checker core Safety RAM test SW -function / ECC/ divers …” „… models will consider CDS as a kind of element out of context. Comparable to personal computers, Tier-1 …” „… object detection for automated driving and rapidly changing attacker models for cybersecurity mechanisms …”

F. A. Schiegg, I. Llatser, H. Tchouankem, T. Frye, F. Wildschutte, F. Hofmann Removing Blind Spots – Infrastructure-assisted Collective Perception S. 29-44

„… enables receiving vehicles to extend their own environmental model beyond their own sensors range by …” „… incorporated into the vehicle’s environmental model, eventually combining the object data with that obtained …” „… communication, we extended the Veins framework by adding a radio propagation model designed to reflect radio …”

A. Matarage User Experience – The key to successfully combining electric mobility and connectivity S. 355-366

„… the vehicle model, the plug type or the charging card(s) they have, electric vehicle drivers can only …” „… has been performed, as user feedback is valuable at every stage. One model which can be used as a …” „… basis for this is the user-centered design process: VDI-Berichte Nr. 2384, 2021 361 Fig. 2: P3 model …”

F. Rundo Perceptive Advanced Car-driver Drowsiness Monitoring Neuro-Embedded System S. 317-330

„… proposed model which involves the use of a low-power PPG probe. Another very promising results are …” „… above models through classical Q-learning algorithms [21] we found the following set of sub-band …” „… 96,50 % 98,40 % MLP 92,22 % 91,98 % SVM 90,11 % 88,76 % VDI-Berichte Nr. 2384, 2021 327 References …”

A. Knoll The Case for an Open Integrating Operating System, Middleware Specification Development Approach S. 257-272

„… reference implementations of OS and middleware. Moreover, it is crucial to extend the potential application …” „… implementation of an ecosystem in software – ideally modelled on the proven multi-tier system of automotive …” „… and standards necessary – for example, modelled on the strategy IBM adopted for the Eclipse framework …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023846

GJAE - German Journal of Agricultural Economics

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GJAE - German Journal of Agricultural Economics

Browse Volumes: GJAE - German Journal of Agricultural Economics

GJAE Volume 71 (2022) Issue 04 ISSN Online: 2191-4028

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Wolfgang Britz Implementing an Approximation of Cumulative Prospect Theory into Mixed Linear Programming – an Application to Bio-Economic Modelling at Farm-Scale Considering Crop Insurance S. 184-203

„… modelling of farm-level in-vestments under uncertainty. In: Environmental Model-ing and Software 127 (May …” „… simulation of risk management under CPT in farm-scale pro-gramming models. To close this gap, we propose to …” „… insurance product with an evolved bio-economic model at farm-scale serves a proof of concept. The model …”

Katrin Utai, Manuel Narjes, Tatjana Krimly, Christian Lippert Farmers’ Preferences for Fertilizers derived from Domestic Sewage and Kitchen Waste – A Discrete Choice Experiment in Germany S. 169-183

„… model. 3 Choice Modelling Approach 3.1 Data Collection and Experimental Design of the Discrete Choice …” „… pay; Random Parameter Logit ModelDOI: 10.30430/gjae.2022.0235 …” „… Random Parameter Logit (RPL) model. As-suming an average market price level of around 300 euros per tonne …”

Anne Margarian Beyond P-Value-Obsession: When are Statistical Hypothesis Tests Required and Appropriate? S. 213-226

„… could lead to model-misspecifications and biased estimates. With bias, deviations from expected mean …” „… empirically supported & identified model for complete control of this well-known data generation process?NoDo …” „… small p-value, i.e., highly improbable data, is your conclusion that the whole estimation model and all …”

Lucian Stanca, Daniel Hoop, Johannes Sauer Using Auxiliary Information to Improve Agricultural Statistics – Advantages of the Calibration Approach over Poststratification Weights S. 204-212

„… suitable distance function, ??, would be the truncated linear model: ??(????,????) = (???? − ????)2 2 …” „… IncomeGJAE 71 (2022), Number 4 212 References BETHLEHEM, J. (2009): Applied survey methods: A statisti-cal …” „… reduce bias. Consequently, it can be concluded that even ob-viating the modelling of the nonresponse …”

doi.org/10.51202/2191-4028-2022-04

Julian Alexander Grothoff - Prozessführungskomponenten für die Integration von Machine Learning Modellen in die operative Prozessführung

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Julian Alexander Grothoff

Prozessführungskomponenten für die Integration von Machine Learning Modellen in die operative Prozessführung

Series: Mess-, Steuerungs- und Regelungstechnik

Volume 1277 2022

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Normen und Standards S. 163

„… - Common Object Model:PackML. OPC 30050. 14. Apr. 2018. url: https : / / reference …” „… Model and Notation. ISO/IEC 19510. 2013 (siehe S. 77).[OPC18] OPC-Foundation. OPC Unified Architecture …” „… 10000-10. 15. Okt. 2021. url: https://reference.opcfoundation.org/Core/docs/Part10/ (siehe S. 32).163 …”

Literatur S. 152-162

„… . 9).[Yu16] Liyong Yu.”A Reference Model for the Integration of Agent Orientationin the Operative …” „… Patterns forModel-Based Automation Software Design and Implementation“. In: ControlEngineering Practice …” „… ).[Bro+20] Tom B. Brown et al.”Language Models Are Few-Shot Learners“. 22. Juli2020. arXiv: 2005.14165 …”

Vorarbeiten im Bereich komponentenbasierter Prozessführung S. 27-39

„… [Are+06]) für die PFK4https://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/Activity.html5 …” „… Prozessführung [SKA20] z. B. durch Maßnahmen im Sinne desBetriebsmittel-Maßnahmen-Modells genutzt werden [GE20 …” „… Aktionskontrolle intern oder extern ist. Zur feineren Unterschei-dung der Interaktion mit dem ML-Modell wird die …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186277084

Marco Munderloh - Detection of Moving Objects for Aerial Surveillance of Arbitrary Terrain

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Marco Munderloh

Detection of Moving Objects for Aerial Surveillance of Arbitrary Terrain

Series: Informatik/ Kommunikation

Volume 847 2016

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Introduction S. 1-9

„… reference model [57, 51, 35]. If the camera is moving, however, the problem is more complex as the image …” „… with high energy in areas of change. To increase the robustness, a background reference can be computed …” „… subtraction instead. This eliminates noise and temporarily visible objects from the reference and enables an …”

Summary and Conclusions S. 93-96

„… 93 6 Summary and Conclusions The problems of the planar ground model in a motion detection system …” „… global motion model. The second method is the pixel-based detection by background subtraction, in which …” „… sequence. For this purpose, first the aberrations of the planar ground model have been analyzed in Chapter …”

Experiments S. 73-92

„… approach, using either a planar (homographybased) single plane background motion model of Chapter 2.5 or a …” „… unknown scaling factor was determined by scaling the 3D scene coordinates to known reference points (e.g …” „… evaluated to compare the output of each method against a manually labeled reference: True positive rate or …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… parallax model and one on a smooth optical flow approach. Following this, a motion compensation method for …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.2 Problems of Current Ground Motion Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.3 Contributions …” „… Principles 10 2.1 Scene Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.2 Camera …”

Multi-Planar Landscape Model based on Triangle Meshes S. 58-72

„… 58 4 Multi-Planar Landscape Model based on Triangle Meshes In this chapter, a novel multi-planar …” „… ground model is presented and analyzed for approximation errors. The goal of the proposed method is to …” „… moving object detection systems. In contrast to the planar landscape model, multiple affine projections …”

Planar Landscape Error Model S. 34-57

„… 34 3 Planar Landscape Error Model In this chapter, the planar landscape model commonly used in …” „… scenarios. The surface of the earth is in this model represented by a single plane, so the mapping of …” „… projected ground objects between the airborne camera views can be described by a projective mapping model …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186847102

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Powertrain Systems in Mobile Machines 2022

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Powertrain Systems in Mobile Machines 2022

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2402 2022

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S. Rinderknecht, S. Foulard, R. Fietzek Resource-efficient dimensioning, usage and maintenance of machine components through AI-based virtual sensors S. 241-0

„… Tesla Model 3. The virtual sensors gives a real-time signal for the loading conditions of the given …” „… framework investigates differ-ent model structures and approaches along a hyperparameter optimization. The …” „… choice of the best trained models is made based on proprietary cost functions, which assess the signal …”

A. Wach Fuel cell systems: Energy supply for the el. Powertrain Fuel Cell applications and technical features S. 105-112

„… the important criteria of business model concepts for successful market entry. Main criteria are: a …” „… launch of Bosch FCPM large-scale production. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2402, 2022 111 Reference: Bosch …”

M. Pußack, L. Frerichs Electrification of linear positioning and working functions in mobile machines S. 199-210

„… figure 3 shows the completed assembly. Fig. 1: CAD model of the electrified sweeper arm VDI-Berichte Nr …” „… model of the drive train was created for this purpose. The efficiencies of the positioning actuator and …” „… the subsequent gearbox were each considered in the model on the basis of their efficiency maps. The …”

W. Breu, L. Reuter HELIOS – A hydrogen-electric operated tractor system S. 95-104

„… hydrogen is to illustrate a sustainable alternative for the agricultural sector and model a concept of a …” „… model and simulation The methodological approach of process simulation developed at the Institute for …” „… structure of the process simulation is shown schematically in Fig. 3. The basis of the simulation model is …”

R. Himmelsbach, J. Ziegler, E. Nachbaur eCVT for Tractors – Experience report about potentials and challenges S. 223-232

„… into the existing simulation model. With the replacement of the hydrostatic units and an optimized …” „… [%]VDI-Berichte Nr. 2402, 2022 231 References [1] Schroder, A.; Emberger, P.: The Multifuel Tractor – A Flexible …”

A. Kampker, H. H. Heimes, M. Kehrer, S. Dünnwald, S. Hagedorn, S. Biegler Integration and modularization approaches for fuel cell solutions in commercial vehicles S. 171-184

„… portfolio with electrified vehicle models. Unfortunately, these solu-tions are not yet ready to cover the …” „… battery-electric models don’t achieve the energy density of fuel cell vehicles in the platform concept for …” „… current state of the art, is reason-able. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2402, 2022 183References [1] U. v. d. Leyen …”

L. Virnich, T. Durand, S. Schaub, S. Ghetti, D. Van der Put Optimization of powertrain layout to maximize benefits of an H2 internal combustion engine S. 79-94

„… engine. The simulation model has been matched with VDI-Berichte Nr. 2402, 2022 87test bench data. Load …” „… successfully developed towards a zero-impact emis-sion propulsion system. References [1]. International …” „… of the above parameters requires accurate modelling. FEV applies its tailored H2-ICE simulation tool …”

S. Eichler, C. Guernsey The Wheel Loader of Tomorrow: Proof-of-Concept Vehicle & Learnings from Full-Electric Drivetrain Conversion S. 185-198

„… , Editron components installed on the vehicle, and a 3D model of the layout used to fit the components into …” „… improvements enabled by our electrification journey. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2402, 2022 197 References [1 …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024027

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