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VDI Wissensforum GmbH - International Conference on Gears 2023

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

International Conference on Gears 2023

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2422 2023

Results in this title

W. Kassem, J. Müller, M. Oehler, O. Koch Analytical tooth root stress calculation for short fiberreinforced plastic gears S. 1361-1374

„… convenient analytical equation. Analytical equation without coupling effectsHook's law for a multilayer …” „… force application which defines the length of the lever arm in relation to the tooth root. It is …” „… influenced by the notch effect of the tooth root rounding and, in the case of external gears, usually has its …”

J. Zheng, D. Qin, C. Liu A Novel Dynamic Modeling Method of High-Speed Thin-Rimmed Gear Transmission S. 1279-1286

„… accelerationRotational effectsTime-varying meshing stiffnessAscertaining the length of meshing lineInertia …” „… comparison between simulation and experiment. The effects of centrifugal force and gear body flexible …” „… contrasting the simulation and test results, the validity of the model was confirmed. The effects of gear body …”

T. Inoue, D. Iba, N. Fujita, A. Nishikawa, M. Ishii, J. Hu, H. Shimasaki, N. Miura, A. Masuda, I. Moriwaki, J. Hongu Effect of Load Cycles on Return Loss and Resistance of Sensor and Antenna Circuits Printed on Plastic Gears S. 659-674

„… eliminate such thermal effects.An Anritsu MS46122B vector network analyzer was used to measure the return …” „… Effect of Load Cycles on Return Loss and Resistance of Sensor and Antenna Circuits Printed on …” „… could be used to detect signs of gear failure. This study investigated the effect of load cycles on the …”

B. van Wissen, L. Pastukhov, F. Mitsuzuka, K. Iwanaga, A. Hasanovic NVH performance of thermoplastic gears: modelling and measuring S. 1389-1402

„… Performance Material Solutions, using material science, application know-how and design expertise …” „… very suitable polymer to use in high performance gear applications. A deep understanding of the …” „… know-how of these applications, is key to enable material development and proper material selection to be …”

I. Hong, D. Talbot Tooth Bending Strain Rate Analysis in a Counter Shaft Drivetrain and Implications on Fatigue Strength S. 53-66

„… how those results translate to meshing gears. One part of that understanding is the frequency effect …” „… potential strain rate dependent effects there might be in gear fatigue failures. Requirements for fatigue …” „… rate effects to be worth consideration in gear design (i) the material must be sensitive to strain rate …”

C. M. C. G. Fernandes, J. M. A. Pinto, D. E. P. Gonçalves, A. R. Silva Reduction of root and flank temperature using a hybrid polymer-metal rack S. 1547-1562

„… don’t mimic real gear applications they were useful to characterize materials, validate models and …” „… capabilities: application of thermal power on the gear rack flank and subject the specimen to bending. The …” „… general description of the developed test rig will be now exposed (Figure 3). A load/heat application tool …”

U. Kissling Impact of manufacturing deviations on the NVH behavior of modern gear design concepts S. 367-382

„… behavior, or LCR (low contact ratio) gears for low power loss applications. Furthermore, profile and flank …” „… , spur and helical, and with or without modifications. For the same specified quality, the effects of …” „… wants the modifications as defined, e.g. especially for low-vibration gear sizing for EV applications …”

S. Sepp, A. Wenig, M. Otto, K. Stahl Acoustical behavior of periodic flank modifications under dynamic operating conditions S. 341-356

„… application of periodic flank modifications as a special type of flank form provides a pos-sibility to avoid …” „… transmission error (LTE) is typically used as specific value to evaluate the effect of these flank forms on the …” „… important. The application of modifications to the tooth flank microgeometry is a widely used method for …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… , Blankenfelde-Mahlow, GermanyEfficiency-improvement with low-loss-gears by two different application 13B.-R. Höhn, TUM …” „… Health Management in Gearbox Applications 97L. Binanzer, L. Merkle, M. Dazer, A. Nicola, Institute of …” „… Production Engineering (WZL) of RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany Design, application …”

H. Jia, D. Qin, G. Hu, X. Xu, W. Bai Electromechanical Coupling Modeling and Torsional Vibration Analysis of Helicopter Electric Propulsion System S. 675-688

„… meshing characteristics of the gear transmission system, the harmonic and saturation effects of the …” „… helicopter, causing adverse effects on flight quality and safety[1-2]. Therefore, how to calculate and …” „… transmission system's dynamic characteristics was studied. Xu[7] analyzed the effect of transmission ratio on …”

S. Matkovič, D. Šeruga, M. Nagode, M. Kalin Prediction of tooth root fatigue failure of polymer gears for dry and oil lubricated contact and its comparison to experimentally obtained results S. 1301-1318

„… demanding applications. This is due to their advantageous properties (light weight, ease of manufacture, etc …” „… polymer gears in various systems including gearboxes, actuators, and other applications. The rise in …” „… applications can be attributed to the improved performance of polymers and their inherent characteristics, such …”

A. Carvalho, R. Rego, N. Fukumasu, D. Tamayo, F. Nascimento, I. Machado PVD Deposition of Nb-MoS2 Coatings on Gear Carburized Steel S. 1071-1082

„… and promising results in terms of its application as self-lubricant coating, according to few …” „… surface integrity were studied for gear applications. A deposition system with independent high-purity …” „… adhesion on carburized SAE 8620 steel samples, commonly used for gear applications, and also the influence …”

S. Sklenak, D. Mevissen, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher, B. Lenz, A. Mehner Analysis of Load Cycles and Local Wear of Dry and Solid-Lubricated Gears S. 727-740

„… lubricant as by a liquid lubricant. The state of research shows that the application behavior is not …” „… stationary in terms of the frictional force and test piece temperature. For the knowledge of the application …” „… , such as in aerospace applications, can lead to outgassing, so that the lubricant loses its …”

J. Sanchez-Espiga, A. Diez-Ibarbia, M. Iglesias, A. Fernandez-del-Rincon, F. Viadero, J. Calvo-Irisarri, A. Fernandez-Sison Statistical study of the mesh load factor of planetary gear transmissions affected by inherent manufacturing errors S. 139-156

„… manufacturing errors Application of the Method of Monte Carlo to the gear manufacturing process in planetary …” „… by the IEC 61400. The analysis of the error separately allows to interpret the effect that each have …” „… for industrial applications such as wind generators [1]–[3], automatic vehicles [4], [5], helicopter …”

I. Gonzalez-Perez, A. Fuentes-Aznar Improvement of the transmission efficiency in electric vehicles by using double staggered helical gears with shortened teeth S. 1083-1090

„… . A. Fuentes-Aznar, Rochester Institute of Technology, USA Abstract The application of double …” „… efficiency is based on the application of the finite element method through two algorithms for …” „… low-loss gear drives to show that the effect of low-loss geometry is very small in the overall frictional …”

F. Concli, M. N. Mastrone Latest advancements in the lubrication simulations of geared systems: a technology ready for industrial applications S. 499-518

„… industrial applicationsProf. F. Concli, M. N. Mastrone, Free University of Bolzano/Bozen, Bozen …” „… still play a determinant role in several applications ranging from the automotive, to the aeronautical …” „… application to real gearboxes is still hurting with the industrial practice. Moreover, new phenomena related …”

J. Lohmiller, F. Dobler, M. Wöppermann Investigating different nodular graphite irons for the application of gears – a step towards standardization by using reasonable quality criteria S. 1731-1748

„… Investigating different nodular graphite irons for the application of gears – a step towards …” „… mechanical behavior of cast iron materials used for gear applications and takes a step towards their …” „… toothed parts are a main field of application for ADI. However, a comprehensive understanding is still …”

B.-R. Höhn, Y. Zhang, M. Geitner, M. Otto Efficiency-improvement with low-loss-gears by two different application S. 13-18

„… all gear and transmission designers and is used for the 1st application. A very high gear ratio in a …” „… ) different gears is one of the main advantages of this applications. The disadvantages of such a transmission …” „… far, these transmission systems are only rarely produced and used in practical applications as the …”

S. Ebrahimi, U. Kissling, C. S. Matkovič Evaluation of the NVH Characteristics of Gear Drives with Plastic Gears by the Forced Response Analysis S. 1403-1418

„… investigate the effect of the gear material damping on the level of noise emitted directly from the housing …” „… system under some specific running conditions. With the viscous meshing damping, the effect of lubricant …” „… ), oil squeeze damping, and surrounding element contribution [1]. In many applications, a user-defined …”

E. Virtanen, M. Kanerva, G. Szanti Fatigue testing of large sized bevel gears S. 897-906

„… taken into account, due to the effects being small in the tesing application and due to the simplified …” „… . This raises concerns regarding the assumptions on effects of size and fatigue limit of material in the …” „… industry applications where pitch diameters are in the range 600 to 2000 mm and normal modules from 10 to …”

T. Schmidt, B. Neubauer, D. Merk White Etching Cracks (WECs) on gears of E-Axle applications S. 257-268

„… White Etching Cracks (WECs) on gears of E-Axle applications Premature tooth flank fatigue Dipl.-Ing …” „… . Since WECs in rolling bearing applications have become known, several research results have been …” „… published, explaining the detrimental effects of hydrogen on the microstructure. There are different …”

L. Bonaiti, M. Monti, C. Gorla, M. Geitner, T. Tobie, K. Stahl The consequences of different methodologies for the elaboration of pulsator test results with respect to the load spectrum assessment of gears S. 33-52

„… results must be further elaborated in order to take into account the effects of running gear operation and …” „… endurance limit based on typical scattering characteristics for case-hardened gears and the application of …” „… of the experimental SN curves. Then, the effect of these methodologies is discussed through a load …”

J. Gründer, A. Monz Analytical Method for Calculating the Nominal Tooth Root Stress in Worm Gear Shafts S. 1091-1110

„… projects [9 through 13] as side effect during other investigations. Photographs of the damages as …” „… of the used calculation method and specific for different applications. In ISO 6336-3 [17], the …” „… . The investigations were application-related and did not aim to develop a calculation method for the …”

M. Ruzek, R. Brun, F. Ville, P. Velex, Y. Marchesse On the reduction of windage power losses in gears by the modification of tooth geometry S. 785-800

„… losses. While load-dependent losses are generally dominant in standard applications, load independent …” „… ], particularly in aerospace applications. If there is a general agreement on the interest of enclosed gears …” „… effect of enclosures is only appreciable for very closely fitted flanges/shrouds. For instance, Hill …”

M. Fürst, S. Sepp, D. Schweigert, M. Otto, K. Stahl Experimental Investigation of Moving Contact Pattern in Helical Planetary Gearboxes S. 569-582

„… beneficial for a wide range of high-performance applications. Embedded in the efforts for resource efficiency …” „… conditions are not yet defined and their effect on a moving contact pattern therefore cannot be reliably …” „… applications. In general, a uniform load distribution in the tooth contacts and an equal load sharing between …”

A. Wallinger, R. Vonderschmidt, S. Vonderschmidt Lubricant Free Transmissions for the food industry – A Comparison S. 715-726

„… gear of a planetary gear. Magnetic transmissions can therefore be used in the same applications as …” „… with plastic gears can be designed without lubricants due to the self-lubricating effect of plastic …” „… is the continuous surface (see Fig. 4). In conventional industrial applications, the gear unit is …”

M. Rothemund, M. Otto, K. Stahl Applicability of classic analytical calculation approaches for the design of plastic gears S. 1483-1498

„… volume but mainly for applications under low load. Current trends are leading to the design and …” „… application of plastic gears for more demanding operating conditions. This requires finding the optimum …” „… macrogeometry for the application, which is determined in practice using iterative design processes. Numerical …”

J. Langhart, S. Ebrahimi, T. Kelichhaus A comparison of time and frequency domain approaches for NVH S. 583-598

„… transmissions are meanwhile state of the art and are requested for many applications. For the analysis of …” „… periodical vibrations such as gear whine noise, and the calculation of dynamic effects, two main approaches …” „… inertia and damping effects into account. Those forces are exported to a MBD software and are applied to a …”

Y. Koch, E. Kirchner, J. Hirschmann Measuring Instantaneous Angular Speed using a Gear Wheel as Material Measure to detect Pitting Damage during an Endurance Test S. 81-96

„… effects are sensor-specific and have to be taken into account when analysing the damage dependency. The …” „… highest risen sideband amplitude is the one of SB 4 for both sensors, which shows that this effect is …” „… caused by the meshing of the gears and is not a sensor effect of MR Z3 nor Acc HSS. The amplitude values …”

N. Fujimura Application-oriented research on internal generating polishing S. 1863-1876

„… specifications. To investigate the effect for industrial applications, detail surface roughness investigations by …” „… Application-oriented research on internal generating polishingM.Sc., P.E., Noritaka Fujimura …” „… Zielrauheit der Flankenoberfläche vorgeschlagen.Abstract The application of polishing process in gears has two …”

L. Becker, P. Tenberge Crossed helical gears – simulative studies and experimental results on non-involute geometries S. 1499-1514

„… design parameters and demonstrate the effects on operating behavior, with those a design recommendation …” „… are used as calculation examples. With regard to the use of these new geometries in applications …” „… depends on different effects, for example the normal pressure angle n. As a result of the ZC geometry …”

L. Klee, T. Bergs, M. Solf, J. Brimmers Binder Jetting in Gears – Process Design and Tooth Bending Strength for Gears made of 17-4PH S. 1665-1680

„… printing process of the green gear, the powder and binder application have been identified as the main …” „… influencing factors on the final print result. The most relevant variables for powder application are the …” „… layer thickness Ds as well as the application direction and speed vp as a function of the processed …”

O. Harris, C. Poyser, R. Patel, O. Shires Developing CAE solutions for Robotics gears: Cycloidal and Strain Wave Gear Drives S. 1111-1124

„… shaft and bearing models and allows the application of manufacturing and assembly errors such as is …” „… . Research is given later in this paper on the effects of and analysis methods relevant to including disc …” „… implemented on a simplified design where the shafts and bearings are made stiff to minimize bending effects …”

B. Devaux, C. Hamon, S. Montani Evaluation of specialty polymer performances in gear applications and the bias between modeling and testing approaches S. 1515-1532

„… Evaluation of specialty polymer performances in gear applications and the bias between modeling and …” „… testing approachesB. Devaux, Solvay Material Science Application Center, Solvay Sa., Brussels, Belgium; C …” „… application to a 33% glass fiber reinforced Amodel PPA (Amodel PPA A-1133 HS) gear. First, the gear …”

C. Kunik, J. Kunert Wetting and oil flow analysis of planetary gearboxes using oil flow simulations S. 467-484

„… , especially local oil levels and splashing effects, of a planetary test gear unit with results of the …” „… lubrication concept. The last investigation is the analysis of the pumping effect of the gearing into an oil …” „… SEWVDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023468leads to the application of CFD methods. In the past two decades, thanks to the …”

P. E. Schnetzer, J. Pellkofer, K. Stahl Calculation method for wear of steel-bronze rolling-sliding contacts relating to worm gears S. 907-926

„… application range compared to ZI gears. Nass [10] investigates the effects of bronze composition on the …” „… usually used in industrial applications with the material pairing of hard worm and softer worm wheel …” „… gear drives are a type of gearbox that are suitable for certain applications due to the possibility of …”

C. Herzog, D. Drummer Influence of the injection molding process on the tooth deflection of plastic gears during operation S. 1435-1448

„… noise level. [5]Nevertheless, until now there are no experimental studies covering the effect of the …” „… contribution shows the effect of production process induced morphology and contourdeviations as well as the …” „… the most effect on the tooth deformation of the plastic gear. Nevertheless, the design of the …”

A. I. Aydeniz Modelling and Analysis of the Effect of Root Modification on Load Sharing and Stress Values on Spur Gears S. 1039-1062

„… Modelling and Analysis of the Effect of Root Modification on Load Sharing and Stress Values on Spur …” „… Abstract In this study, the effect of root relief modification on the dynamic behavior of the gear …” „… region of the gear profile, first the application limits were investigated and added to the model …”

J. Hongu, S. Hattori, J. Kato, T. Koide Gear friction coefficient estimation using directional parameter under ATF lubricated condition S. 753-762

„… contact to elliptical contact. Moreover, several recent studies have considered the effects of surface …” „… nondirectional machining mark, such as a barreled gear, hardly affects it. Considering the effects of these …” „… average flow model for determining effects of three-dimensional roughness on partial hydrodynamic …”

G. Vasileiou, C. Vakouftsis, C. Kalligeros, V. Spitas, C. Papalexis, A. Tsolakis, P. Zalimidis Continuous prestressed reinforcement of plastic gear teeth and its effect on bending strength vs conventional reinforcement S. 1375-1388

„… Continuous prestressed reinforcement of plastic gear teeth and its effect on bending strength vs …” „… gears have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional metalicl gears in various applications due …” „… selection depends on specific application requirements including mechanical performance, cost considerations …”

K. Moser, S. Körber Advanced biopolymer compounds for technical applications S. 1297-1300

„… Advanced biopolymer compounds for technical applicationsStereocomplex PLA with enhanced heat …” „… low-performance applications. An important step towards using PLA for structural applications is to overcome its …” „… sc-PLA and lays the foundation for the application of PLA as an engineering plastic.VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422 …”

N. De Bie, W. Smet, T. Van Der Kamp Assessing gear mesh misalignment in a parallel gear set by transmission error measurements S. 291-300

„… the gearbox is operating and thus include dynamic effects like inertia and stiffness variations. Hence …” „… decrease the impact of the dynamic effects on the measuring results, the measurements are performed at …” „… Transmission error versus gear mesh misalignment – Case study 1 The first application example consists of a …”

L. Bonaiti, M. Brambilla, P. Chiariotti, A. Cigada, C. Gorla, G. Boni, P. Codeluppi The effect of pinion axial positioning on noise and transmission error of face hobbed and face milled bevel gears S. 839-852

„… The effect of pinion axial positioning on noise and transmission error of face hobbed and face …” „… effect of axial misalignment on the TE and noise of the two tested bevel gear configurations (face hobbed …” „… comes to e-drive – powered vehicles, where it is not possible anymore to rely on the masking effect …”

F. Reinle, D. Mangherini, A. Bongiovanni Enhancing gear performance through advanced mass finishing and DEM simulation S. 1777-1786

„… these effects can be achieved through the implementation of DEM simulation. Mass finishing using OTEC …” „… effective pumping effect in this context. With an outer diameter of 165 mm, this component is relatively …” „… large, deriving substantial benefits from the rotational effect. The high frictional energy generated …”

U. Cihak-Bayr, T. Wopelka, C. Wintersteiger Effect of LOL conditions under high velocity and high injection temperatures S. 763-778

„… Effect of LOL conditions under high velocity and high injection temperatures Characterization of …” „… one. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 20237643. Introduction Modern gear boxes in airplane applications are …” „… aerospace applications high rolling velocities, respectively entrainment velocities, occur combined with …”

D. Gallagher, E. Wiita, R. Weidig Improved Method for Validation of Root Stress in Polymer Gears S. 1333-1350

„… . Notable works on the effect of stress concentration at the root fillet were carried out by Dolan …” „… ) first appeared in the 1950s and became a cheap alternative to steel gears for non-critical applications …” „… more load-critical applications. This in turn has led to a need for polymer-specific calculation …”

M. Willecke, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher Experimental Investigation of the load carrying capacity of beveloid gears with optimized flank topography S. 125-138

„… changes to the machine. However, a challenge in the application of beveloid gears with crossed axes is the …” „… Beveloid gears close the technical gap for a cost effective solution for applications in need of smaller …” „… beveloid gears in various applications. 4. State of the Art The chapter describes the state of the art …”

G. Devaraj Vibration reduction of planetary gear drive using mesh phasing: modelling and experimental validation S. 157-174

„… concept design several layouts are discussed for EDU application and from the tradeoff planetary has been …” „… gears with respect to the sun gear or ring gear. Several works have been published to study the effect …” „… performance (see section 3). In the following sections, an industrial application of an electric planetary …”

I. Criscuolo, F. Carneiro, G. Guimarães, R. Rego, J. Mascheroni Indirect Selective Laser Sintering: Modeling and analysis of surface densification by shot peening S. 1681-1698

„… automotive applications, into the density of iSLS processing with carburized steels densification achieved by …” „… ] showed that, in an iSLS application with 316L stainless steel alloy, the pores were characterized with an …” „… average diameter in the order of 35-160 µm, occupying 28-58% of the body volume. For the application of …”

B. Karba, N. Yildirim Backlash optimization via compatible gear couples on the assembly lines for planetary gearboxes S. 1147-1158

„… . Optimization methodology The actual value and effects of the backlash which is critical in the mesh condition …” „… time-varying backlash and constant backlash. The dynamic backlash (time-varying) occurs during meshing effects …” „… such as runout caused by eccentric, thermal effects, deflections, vibration. Whereas, the constant …”

J. Lövenich, M. Zalfen, D. Mevissen, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher Crack growth based tooth root life prediction model – an influence quantity analysis S. 109-124

„… turbo gearbox applications is the high number of load cycles reached by the gearbox components …” „… applications. To design gears for geared turbofans safely and weight-optimized, the tooth root load capacity in …” „… importance. An influence quantity analysis of the lifetime prediction model should reveal the effects. State …”

M. Werner, S. Graf, M. Oehler, O. Koch Investigation of the electrical behavior of a spur gear stage pair by means of impedance measurements S. 67-80

„… primarily on the effects or prevention of parasitic currents on rolling bearings and further machine …” „… ) inclination (cf. Fig. 1 f) of the contact is significantly increased by the application of the electric field …” „… spur gear stage. 2. Electrical impedance model of tribological contact To check the effects of the …”

S. Birk, E. Stoppel, V. Labriola Influence of plastic-metal-pairings on the lifetime of gears S. 1535-1546

„… plastic gears in the application further investigations has to be done such as the detailed analysis of …” „… application (e.g. Electrical Power Steering worm wheel or balancer shaft) by IMS Gear. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422 …” „… / plastic gearbox via FEA simulation considering non-linear effects such as contact, material and …”

M. Geitner, S. Preintner, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Simulation Study on the Tribological Characteristics in the Meshing Contact in the Context of the Load Carrying Capacity Calculation of Internal Gears with Unbalanced Sliding Conditions S. 429-450

„… gear units are frequently used in many practical applications, e.g. in wind energy and industrial …” „… transmission systems as well as in automotive applications such as automatic transmissions. As a result of the …” „… noted that such gear designs are already part of some practical applications. However, the existing …”

D. Park, A. Rezayat, Y. Gwon Design optimization of multi-stage gear trains with asymmetric teeth under a broad range of torques by incorporating multibody simulations S. 383-396

„… effects of strength together with other important performance criteria such as scuffing (flash temperature …” „… Builder is a vertical application for a commercially available multibody simulation software, Siemens …” „… stiffness coupling effects with neighboring teeth and slices across VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023384the tooth …”

B. Abert, D. Werner The Influence of Wheel Body Design on Airborne Noise S. 357-366

„… verified method that has been deemed sufficiently precise for tooth contact simulation in most applications …” „… effect of the combustion engine, and on the other hand, speeds have increased. This is mainly because …” „… effect is stronger for the variants with the lower web widths which is expected due to the lower …”

T. Kleiber, B. Neubauer Advancing to The Next Level – Cost Efficient Roll-Inspection: Back from End-of-Line NVH to Skiving Process S. 1591-1606

„… engine noise increased the necessity of high-quality gears. Restrictive design space, in all applications …” „… application, where only single flank contact happened and so transfer to EOL-NVH is proven. 3D gear …” „… and sections of study The lower area is dominated by effects which are mostly easy to identify in the …”

W. Smet Gear geometry, size and material influences not captured in ISO 6336 S. 1267-1272

„… surface-initiated failure modes). The application of ISO 6336-5 [5] has proven its value and has made it possible to …” „… effect). Life factor, YNT (for flanks) is influenced by material and heat treatment (see ISO 6336-5 [5 …” „… quality grades. The effects of these influences on surface durability and tooth bending strength are …”

J. König, M. Obermayr, T. Klein Digitalization of the Gear Development Process – Chances, Benefits and Risks S. 1017-1026

„… these resources and provide the required results requested by the user. - The Application Business Twin …” „… application usage provides investment security for all companies, from SMEs to large enterprises, and …” „… business models. Application providers will serve different customer requirements in a competition of the …”

S.-J. Tsai, Q.-Y. Zhuang, L.-C. Chang Design and analysis of compound stepped planetary gear drives for better transmission performances S. 537-552

„… application. Compared with the simple type, the compound stepped planetary gear (CSPG) set can have a higher …” „… speed ratio. Therefore, they are very suitable for applications where the size of gearboxes is limited …” „… coefficient method [9]. It will be further modified from simple planetary gear set to CSPG set. The effects of …”

J. D. M. Marafona, J. H. O. Seabra, P. M. T. Marques, R. C. Martins Effect of overlap ratio on gear dynamic behavior and noise level S. 1239-1256

„… Effect of overlap ratio on gear dynamic behavior and noise levelEng. J. D. M. Marafona, Prof. J. H …” „… work consists on a preliminary study, prior to experimental testing, on the effect of varying the …” „… roughness (flank) 2.5 KA/- application factor 1.25 Accuracy Grade/- - 6 VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023 1241 …”

M. Gebhardt, A. Rhode, B. Legrady Lubrication improvement at the HS-IS spline shaft interface of a wind turbine gearbox using the smooth particle hydrodynamic method S. 519-536

„… as a specific application [13],[14],[15],[16],[17]. Traditionally lubrication analysis was conducted …” „… diameters increase. 3.2 Application of an Oil Retainer Ring To improve the situation, a ring was applied to …” „… spline shaft a bit higher than the roots of the teeth. The effect of that ring was an increase in the …”

M. Vivet, A. Rezayat, J. Verhoogen, K. Kucukcoskun, S. Donders Numerical analysis of bevel gear transmission acoustic emission using a 3D gear contact force model within a multibody system dynamics simulation environment S. 689-702

„… dynamically accounts for complex effects that influence the contact conditions, such as tooth surface …” „… effects: The deflection of a tooth segment when a force is applied (incl. local contact deflection …” „… between neighboring teeth due to a force on a given tooth, Structural effects due to blank design (thin …”

F. Mieth, D. Tazir Local load capacity analysis for the design of a balanced flank modification for cylindrical gears according to bevel gear procedures S. 927-944

„… necessary. The force factors are described in more detail in ISO 6336-1. They are the application factor KA …” „… minor effects. To consider the uncertainty of the influence of unevenly distributed contact pressure …” „… contact H0, the application factor KA, dynamic factor KV, the face load factor KH , and the transverse …”

E. Grabovic, A. Artoni, M. Gabiccini, E. Ciulli Exploration of trade-offs between NVH and efficiency in bevel gear design S. 853-880

„… constraints are prescribed. Application to a test case involving the design of a spiral bevel gearset reveals …” „… applications owing to their capability to efficiently transmit high torque, operate smoothly, and offer high …” „… gears in high-end applications is confronted with some design challenges, such as minimization of …”

L. Binanzer, L. Merkle, M. Dazer, A. Nicola Pitting Detection for Prognostics and Health Management in Gearbox Applications S. 97-108

„… Pitting Detection for Prognostics and Health Management in Gearbox Applications L. Binanzer, L …” „… . Abstract In critical industrial applications, gearboxes are already equipped with Condition Monitoring …” „… regarding damage detection in gearbox applications. To investigate the detection possibilities on the test …”

D. Meyering, C. Hussmann Smart Gearboxes for a Sustainable and Reliable Industry S. 645-658

„… cover many different harmful effects with a wide range of application factors. During the design process …” „… years. Within this paper, the analysis of some selected applications show how reliability can be …” „… limits a load-oriented and resource-optimized gearbox design for many applications. This leads to the …”

J. Zhang, B. Shaw, A. Hammer, I. Sewell Effects of Surface Engineering on the Efficiency of Involute Helical Gears – An Experimental Investigation S. 995-1016

„… Effects of Surface Engineering on the Efficiency of Involute Helical Gears – An Experimental …” „… efficiencies based on measured rig power loss. The effect of gear surface engineering on the efficiencies was …” „… gears is the focus of investigation. By experiment, K. Michaelis et al [1] studied the effects of …”

B. Guilbert, D. Dureisseix, P. Velex Hybrid models for the simulation of displacements and stresses in lightweight gears S. 315-328

„… applications, i.e. high rotational speeds. A number of results are presented, which prove the validity of the …” „… . Sound Vib. 145(2): 239-260. DOI: 10.1016/0022-460X(91)90590-G. [4] Karhaman K. (1993) Effect of axial …” „… transmission by combining substructures and elastic foundations – application on thin-rimmed gears. ASME J …”

J. Woelling, F. Manis Recycling of carbon fiber reinforced plastics – State of the Art and Challenges S. 1287-1296

„… more markets and rapidly penetrate even high performance applications with carbon fibre reinforced …” „… improvements in production as a snowball effect also had an impact on lowering the overall cost of the material …” „… not a green material by definition. Especially in aerospace applications, where the utilization phase …”

A. Hilligardt, V. Schulze Gear Skiving with Minimum Twist Errors S. 1749-1764

„… produced. In practical applications, the unintended profile angle changes over the tooth width resulting …” „… efficiency and material utilization. At the same time, the limited space available for mobile applications …” „… effect of the stair angle is small. This is therefore primarily used for symmetrical adjustment of the …”

S. Hendricks, M. Solf, J. Brimmers, T. Bergs Investigation of the machinability of different quenched and tempered steels for the alternative process chain of planetary pinions in wind turbine gearboxes S. 1713-1730

„… typically used for this application. During the trials, spindle currents and acceleration data were recorded …” „… , aerospace and industrial applications [1]. The ever-increasing demand for higher power densities in these …” „… applications VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023 1713inevitably leads to the use of high-strength materials, which in …”

J.-A. Meis Parametric system simulation of load sharing in planetary gearboxes S. 269-280

„… give very unspecific advice how to choose the load sharing factor. Effects of the system stiffness or …” „… of necessary elements and facilitates the contact calculation and the application of the gearing …” „… bearing contact, it is clearly visible that the deformation of the planetary gear has a significant effect …”

N. Missal, S. Schwertel, M. Ludwig The next level of axial forming for a sustainable component and process chain design S. 1765-1776

„… effects can be partially or completely avoided. The axial forming process and the new associated machine …” „… application of an energy and material-efficient cold-forming process, compared to forging or machining …” „… application of axial forming with frequency modulation as an incremental process, high contact stresses and …”

P. Romio Spur Gear Teeth Reconstruction via Direct Laser Deposition S. 1641-1664

„… applications. Some of these failure modes are traditionally repairable, while others are known to be …” „… process proved to be applicable in several cases, from rails to gears. Nevertheless, concrete applications …” „… applications. Based on that perspective, this research aims to evaluate the DLD performance of an FZG gear …”

T. Tra My Truong, S. Schumann, B. Schlecht On the Testing of Flank Fracture Calculations Based on 3D-Gears S. 243-256

„… that failed due to TFF. Therefore the application BECAL (Bevel Gear Calculation) is used which is …” „… difference in 𝐴 while disregarding 𝜎 or taking it into account. The curves underline the effect of …” „… decrease of 𝐴 due to the relieving effect of compressive residual stresses, while in greater material …”

G. Guimarães, L. Robatto, R. Rego, A. Faria, A. Borille, J. Mascheroni Surface integrity of 20MnCr5 pinion gears manufactured through laser powder bed fusion S. 1845-1858

„… effects that can generate intricate surface integrity features on the printed part [4]. The main …” „… temperature distributions observed in welding application [6]. Besides its relevance, TGM is not the only …” „… made some important steps toward the application of L-PBF to gears. Kluge (2017), Kamps (2018) and …”

F. Eigner, S. Oberle, M. Berger A non-restrictive approach of gear geometry calculation for plastic gears S. 1469-1482

„… strongly varying distances to each other after conjugation, so that a secant effect occurs. The filtering …” „… purely geometrical point of view. Two effects support the production with a single-shell tool: 1 …” „… application the lower efficiency is more of an advantage, as it increases the resistance to backward driving …”

I. Atanasovska, D. Momcilovic Analysis of new tooth profile design based on the biomimetics principles S. 945-956

„… provides ability for investigation of application of new profile design on the additive manufactured gears …” „… engineering applications. Major assumption is that the stress analysis is an elastic one, and the FEA is …” „… steps for application of TCD are as follows: 1. Generating stress - distance diagram; 2. Calculating …”

M. Reichl, P. Lenz, A. Oliva Challenges and possibilities of virtual development of e-axle transmissions S. 485-498

„… are discussed in detail on a real life application.In the outlook, the performance potential of a …” „… to engineering applications. The SPH method is a meshless computational approach, which is based on …” „… calculate the particle acceleration caused by the pressure gradient. The effect of viscosity on particle …”

M. Brumm, D. Sari Complete machining of complex transmission parts S. 1581-1590

„… application? In many cases the different stakeholders see only the earnings and underestimate the risks. It …” „… down effect! Optimal roundness if input quality is given. Good dynamic behavior. High performance …” „… and the jaw compared to the collet chuck. In combination with the missing pulldown effect the dynamic …”

S. Sartori, L. Alari, N. Motta, D. Podda Helicopter Drive System Safety Dissertation S. 633-644

„… Elements (PSEs) should include, when applicable, the combined effect of RCF and other damage threats such …” „… were performed respectively to assess the effect of an artificially damage induced by electro discharge …” „… application (Fig. 6). Fig. 6: Planetary reduction stage with single row spherical bearing design In this …”

B.-S. Kim, D. Im, J.-H. Park, W.-J. Chung, Y.-J. Park Development of Optimal Design Program for Macro-Geometry of Planetary Gear Set using Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm S. 1181-1194

„… well-suited for a wide range of applications, including automotive, aerospace, and industrial machinery …” „… specifications to align with the requirements of each unique application. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023 1181Gear …” „… Association (AGMA). AGMA 925: Effect of Tribology and Lubrication on Gear Surface Distress. AGMA (2022 …”

L.-C. Chang, Q. Y. Zhuang, S.-J. Tsai, J.-F. Hochrein, S. Landler, M. Otto, K. Stahl Comparing the contact characteristics of involute gear/ eccentric cycloidal gear calculated by various loaded tooth contact analysis models S. 397-412

„… effect of edge contact, the gear flank is typically crowned in the lead direction. This modification …” „… crowning, the effect of face-end edge contact still persists, as shown in Fig.16. To further address this …” „… different conditions clearly demonstrate the subtle differences arising from the application of different …”

A. Beinstingel, F. Haringer, W. Sigmund, M. Heider, B. Pinnekamp, S. Marburg Investigation of Sound and Vibration Behavior of Cylindrical Gears S. 599-618

„… VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023600gearbox for a certain purpose in a marine application. On top, the actual sound …” „… specified. Then, an application example in terms of a single-stage gearbox concept is presented for a ship …” „… application. Here, the dynamic behavior of the corresponding oil pressure in each bearing is described in …”

T. Schmid-Schirling, N. Saum, C. Eberz de Oliveira Löhrer Marker-Free, Single Item Traceability in Gear Wheel Production Based on Inherent Surface Patterns S. 1877-0

„… eine Wärmebehandlung und einen Gleitschleifprozess. Abstract In this work the application of Track …” „… %after -> after hardening 100%before after hardening 100%Micro gear wheel for dental application Figure …” „… identification. Therefore, advanced image processing must be applied to compensate for this effect. Fig. 5 …”

A. Drechsel, J. Pellkofer, K. Stahl Transferability of the scuffing load capacity of gear oils determined on spur gears to hypoid gears S. 881-896

„… possible to their application a new hypoid scuffing test was developed. However, since spur gear scuffing …” „… oils close to their application, the test methods should be resource-saving, require low amounts of …” „… , it can be seen that, when testing different lubricants, the test method can have a fundamental effect …”

C. Kirchhoff, P. Tenberge Optimization of the vibrational behavior of ZI crossed helical gears with a plastic wheel and a steel worm S. 1419-1434

„… analyze the effects of gear parameter adjustments. [1] VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023 14191 …” „… analyze the effect of gear parameter adjustments regarding vibrational behavior. The common approach to …” „… . Toothing variant 1 shows the same positive effects as toothing variant 2 regarding the toothing stiffness …”

A. Wedmann, M. Stein, K. Kniel Large gear metrology at PTB S. 1803-1820

„… deviations from the reference temperature of 20 °C or the effects of an inhomogeneous temperature …” „… supports are identical during calibration and the subsequent application. This creates comparable …” „… keep the measurement times as short as possible and thus avoid possible drift effects. Optical sensors …”

C. Westphal, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher Influence of Axis Misalignments in Stepped Planetary Gear Stages on the Excitation Behavior – Test Rig Development and Simulative Analysis S. 175-190

„… manufacturing or assembly deviations. However, the effects of dynamic misalignment behavior on tooth contacts in …” „… overdetermination, in conjunction with manufacturing deviations, has the effect of uneven load sharing between the …” „… rigid bodies to specify the gear geometry. The force application from the tooth contacts into the …”

L. Amar Review of the definition of the loads for spur and helical gears in standards and handbooks S. 301-314

„… – The design, manufacture, and application of gears" by Dennis P. Townsend (American) [18] Results …” „… , Helical and Herringbone Gear Teeth [13] AGMA 925-A03 Information Sheet - Effect of Lubrication on Gear …” „… . doi: 10.3139/9781569904909.006. [18] Dudley’s gear handbook – The design, manufacture, and application …”

L. Braumann, H. Amri, V. S. Viteri, J. Ochoa LUBGEAR – Experimental Campaign for Aviation Gears in Loss-of- Lubrication S. 1063-1070

„… , that are more specific to the final application but come at a higher cost. [6] LOL-testing generally …” „… approach tests only part of the total possible combinations to identify the main factor effects and main …”

M. J. Herberger, F. Rudolph, B. Sievers Efficient concepts for high ratio angular gearboxes S. 801-814

„… individual application requirements. The simplest approach with respect to acquisition costs and gearbox size …” „… has no effect on the contact pattern, so that there is no need to prevent this axial movement by a …” „… overall gearbox efficiency is normally better at higher operating grades. Depending on the ap-plication …”

S. Chen, C. Liu, D. Qin Forward Performance-driven Design of Gear Parameters S. 211-226

„… ] studied the effect of gear parameters on the thermal loss of gearboxes, and optimized the gear parameters …” „… , compared to symmetric gears. Senthil et al. [6] studied the effect of gear parameters on bending stress in …” „… and Application Development of Chongqing (grant no. CSTB2022TIAD-KPX0043), General Project of …”

K. Lübke, K. Stein Quality inspection of special geometries measured with computed tomography – Evaluation of involute cylindrical gears according to ISO 1328-1 S. 1787-1802

„… additional components, there are several challenges:  non-continuous shrinking effects  individual gear …” „… Chiffre, L., Carmignato, S., Kruth, J.-P., Schmitt, R., Weckenmann, A.: Industrial applications of …” „… computed tomography for engineering applications. tm - Technisches Messen, vol. 88, no. 4, 2021, pp …”

B. Černe, N. Vukašinović, D. Zorko In-situ experimental methods for measuring tooth meshing displacements and wear during polymer gear tests using a high-speed camera with microscopy optics S. 1563-1580

„… .2015.08.040. [5] B. Sarita, S. Senthilvelan, Effects of lubricant on the surface durability of an injection …” „… effect of injection molding lunker defect on the durability performance of polymer gears, International …” „… application on high-speed deformation measurement in shear cutting, in: Conference: International Conference …”

A. F. İnceel, B. Özkan, B. Karba, M. Vardar A study on the efficiency prediction of a gear bearing drive by means of mathematical modelling S. 1135-1146

„… other power losses that do not have a great effect on the efficiency result in the reference book [3 …” „… This research contents are related to GBD type gearbox critical application in the sector. At the end …”

M. M. Klein Holistic Sustainability-Assessment of Gearboxes S. 815-828

„… climate change due to the anthropogenic greenhouse effect are meanwhile obvious in our everyday life …” „… sustainability-assessment of a 2-stage automotive gearbox To show the application of a lifecycle assessment an exemplary 2 …”

W. Ramdane, C. Changenet, S. S. Ouali, C. Chevrel-Fraux, P. Casanova Thermal model of a planetary gear set using an isothermal approach S. 451-466

„… of centrifugal effects over gravity forces. The aim of the present paper is to use Boni’s approach on …” „… applications to planetary gears. Proceedings of the institution of mechanical engineers, Part J: Journal of …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024225

Martin Ralf Münster - Systematic Derivation of Objective Requirements on Vehicle Steering System

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Martin Ralf Münster

Systematic Derivation of Objective Requirements on Vehicle Steering System

Series: Verkehrstechnik/Fahrzeugtechnik

Volume 819 2023

Results in this title

Subsystem Analysis of the Front Axle S. 93-122

„… amplitude without any tire effects,which corresponds to the initial system with a rigid, non-rotating wheel …” „… simplified models just describe basic effects, considered to be most important forthe behavior of the real …” „… they are useful to understand maincauses and effects. Admittedly, obtained results of simplified models …”

Subsystem Analysis of the Steering S. 63-92

„… theanti-resonance effect.With increasing excitation frequency, velocities at steering wheel and at electric …” „… connectedto the steering rack. Usually, high masses lead to high dampening effects, but only if themass is …” „… connections. At several locations,also the effect of hysteretic friction is taken into account.R(x)Steering …”

Requirement-Based Module Design Using Solution Spaces S. 153-188

„… solutions andthe acceptable limiting curve. This is caused by two effects:On the one hand, the algorithm …” „… Spaces isgiven. It is important to understand the basic idea of this method before its application …” „… tunable parameters(so-called “design variables”) depends on the specific application.For each design …”

Bibliography S. 195-204

„… Applications”. In: AVEC 2004: 7th International Symposium onAdvanced Vehicle Control. Arnhem, NL, 2004.[10 …” „… ] Dickens, J. D. Investigation of Asymmetrical Vibration Isolators for Maritime Ma-chinery Applications …” „… , X., and Yang, J. “Tire Model Application and Parameter Identification -A Literature Review”. In: SAE …”

Resulting Subsystem Requirements S. 123-152

„… impedance depends on force input at the steering rack, it suffers muchmore from frictional effects compared …” „… frequencies around 10Hz, which represents the design-relevant range in this application.For each iteration …” „… resultscharacterize the steering sample independent of the vehicle it will be installed in. To takenonlinear effects …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186819123

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OPE Journal

Browse Volumes: OPE Journal

OPE Volume 13 (2023) Issue 44 ISSN Online: 2366-8040

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Paving the way for new ultra-thin glass application S. 16-17

„… without any shadowing effects.After coating, reliability tests of the ultra-thin glass sheets can be …” „… ultra-thin glass applicationThe processing of ultra-thin glass requires specialised handling to avoid glass …” „… material into new applications. Therefore, a unique process chain for ultra-thin glass processing has been …”

Overcoming detection limitations S. 18

„… , offers clear advantages. Applications include cameras in autonomous vehicles to ‘see’ through smoke or …” „… operation without kTC noise nor the effect of the previous frame). Consequently, because of lower noise and …” „… technology in diverse types of thin-film photodiodes, as well as broadening its application in sensors beyond …”

Uwe Braun Increased compliance through smart packaging: digital therapy control in real-time S. 8-10

„… distorted efficacy assessments, underes-timated side effect frequencies, and pro-longed time-to-market. In …” „… application of the pill or capsule blister remain unchanged, maintaining familiarity and comfort.Enhancing …” „… polypharmaceutical applica-tions into standard blister packs according to the individual medication plan. That eases …”

Advancing new energy technologies: Defining the future of doctor blade technology S. 21-23

„… when working with abrasive ceramic and graphite applications. This not only ensures cost efficiency but …” „… utmost cleanliness and purity in the new energy manufacturing process, preventing any adverse effects on …” „… , driving progress in bat-tery separator production and other new energy applications.Image sources …”

Assessing the sustainability aspect of (printed) electronics S. 24-25

„… effect of conductive ink alternation on the sustainability and functioning of printed electronics …” „… patches. The application of VTT’s nanocellulose film as a sustainable substrate is not limited to wearable …” „… devices. It could be used in a variety of printed electronics and opto-electrical applications.OPE journal …”

doi.org/10.51202/2366-8040-2023-44

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - International Conference on Gears 2022

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

International Conference on Gears 2022

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2389 2022

Results in this title

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… Geometry effectsApplication of high performance polymer gears in light urban electric vehicle powertrains …” „… Bochum, Germany f Friction and temperature effectsThe effect of temperature on the SN curve for bending …” „… asymmetric gearsPractical application of asymmetric tooth root geometry for downsizing automotive …”

S. Bill Efficiency improvement and surface protection by using particle-based phyllosilicate-additive S. 935-942

„… effects lead to higher efficiency, great reliability, and longer lifetime. Fig. 1: Load distribution in …” „… application (simulated by Sentient Science with real gearbox roughness values of a common wind turbine …” „… , especially for the first fill applications, REWITEC has been working closely with several research institutes …”

N. Sagraloff, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Suitability of the test results of micropitting tests acc to FVA 54/7 for modern practical gear applications S. 469-484

„… applications M. Sc. Nadine Sagraloff, Dr.-Ing. Thomas Tobie, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karsten Stahl, Gear Research …” „… regarding micropitting is requested in many modern gear applications. The lubricant used has a great …” „… . Lubricants usually contain additives, which also have a strong effect on micropitting load-carrying capacity …”

M. Steinbacher, T. Boyraz, R. Fechte-Heinen, G. Hellenbrand Heat treatment development for the new steel grade X20NiCrAlMoV6-5-2-1 for high performance gear wheel application S. 891-902

„… capacity of these components. Especially for gear application materials, a complex specification profile is …” „… high performance gear wheel applicationTailored heat treatment for high temperature application of …” „… and therewith the strength and the load capacity of the components. Especially for gear application …”

D. Sackmann, T. Husemann, B. Karpuschewski The effect of a multi-stage grinding process on the barkhausen noise signal S. 695-706

„… diverse and interactions among individual effects are usual. In industrial applications, rough grinding is …” „… finish grinding in industrial applications. This study therefore evaluates the effect of a multi-stage …” „… The effect of a multi-stage grinding process on the Barkhausen noise signal Dr.-Ing. Daniel …”

M. Matzke, A. Elter Ensuring reliable grease service life in high temperature plastic gears S. 1249-1256

„… gear greases First application of method for evaluation of catalytic effect of thermoplastic gear …” „… which correlates with practical applicationMotivationGrease Service Life in High-Temperature Plastic …” „… grease servicelifeApplication of grease sample on catalytic carrier plate before thermal ageingTest …”

S. Sklenak, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher Analysis of local wear within the dry lubricated rolling- sliding contact of coated surfaces S. 305-316

„… Liquid lubricant, such as oil and grease is used in gear applications to separate the tooth flanks, which …” „… pressure and temperature fluctuations, such as in aerospace applications, can lead to outgassing, so that …” „… the lubricant loses its friction-reducing effect. In addition to extreme operating conditions, hygiene …”

S. Oberle, V. Labriola, E. Melnikov, G. Gariglio High performance plastic gear solution in the engine environment S. 1033-1044

„… engine management would be possible. In many applications, the replacement of metal gears with plastic …” „… reduction. Implementing this kind of development for Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) applications has been …” „… therefore is, how plastic gears can be safely implemented in the engine environment applications. A …”

K. Stahl, T. Tobie, C. M. Illenberger Standardized methods of load capacity calculation of plastic gears S. 1173-1180

„… applications. In the past, the focus was mostly on motion transmission in actuators, but current developments …” „… show a trend towards applications with higher drive power. In the automotive sector, in addition to a …” „… large number of electric actuators driven by plastic gears, safety-critical applications such as braking …”

K. J. Winkler, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Influence of grinding zones on the tooth root bending strength of case carburized cylindrical gears S. 287-304

„… occur, particularly in the application range of large gears. The influences of unintentional grinding …” „… application does not significantly alter the original residual stress state in the tooth root area …” „… strength of up to 20 % with regard to strong grinding zones (grinding application does significantly alter …”

P. Tenberge, J. Vorgerd, L. Gondecki 2-disc tribometer for various tests on sliding/rolling contacts with tribological loads such as in tooth flank contacts S. 145-156

„… realistically compared to real tooth meshings, so that the results fit much better with real applications than …” „… ) (b)Fig. 1: New 2-disc tribometer (b) to copy all tribological loads and effects from a test-box with real …” „… surfaces, which have considerable protective effects [6, 7, 8]. However, the tribo-layers also permanently …”

Y. Marchesse, M. Ruzek, F. Ville, P. Velex On windage power loss reduction achieved by flanges S. 665-676

„… m/s. It is thus crucial to find a method for mitigating these windage effects and the presence of …” „… rotating pinion. This aerodynamic effect is significant only if the peripheral velocity is high enough and …” „… environment. For example, enclosures of bevel gears used for aerodynamic applications were studied by Johnson …”

S. Reitschuster, C. M. Illenberger, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Application of high performance polymer gears in light urban electric vehicle powertrains S. 1181-1196

„… Application of High Performance Polymer Gears in Light Urban Electric Vehicle Powertrains S …” „… Center (FZG), Technical University of Munich (TUM) 1. Abstract The application of high-performance …” „… polymer gears show great potential in power transmitting applications. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2389, 2022 …”

M. Zalfen, J. Lovenich, O. Malinowski, C. Brecher, J. Brimmers, S. Neus, S. Stark, D. Kruger Test rig concept for high power VHCF gear testing S. 485-498

„… gearboxes in turbo gearbox applications is the high number of load cycles reached by the gearbox components …” „… turbo gearbox applications. The lack of testing concepts and models for Very High Cycle Fatigue (VHCF …” „… ) gear applications leads to uncertainties in the design of highly loaded gears for aerospace …”

B. Reetz, T. Munch, W. Kappeler Challenges for lead-free brass alloys in worm gears S. 1467-1488

„… GmbH & Co. KG, Eisenbach Abstract Worm gears typically are used in applications with high loading …” „… . Consequently, the banishment of lead in special brass alloys for application in worm gears must be examined …” „… used for applications where high loading capacity, high gear ratios or small available spaces are …”

I. Hong, Z. Teaford, A. Kahraman A comparison of gear tooth bending fatigue lives from single tooth bending and rotating gear tests S. 45-74

„… application and service time. Fatigue testing on gear specimens has been preferred metric on which to base …” „… the operating profile contact ratio. The effect of the zero stress relaxation period as well as the …” „… difference in loading form on fatigue life is unknown. Limited studies [34,35] on the effect of frequency …”

B. Schalley, J. Brimmers, T. Bergs Potential and challenges of profile gear grinding with vitrified bonded cBN S. 1569-1582

„… possible applications of vitrified bonded cBN tools are also accompanied with challenges. The greatest …” „… challenges lie in the economical application of these expensive tool systems and in the derivation of …” „… , the diverse application possibilities and advantages are also accompanied with challenges. Besides the …”

L. Bonaiti, F. Rosa, P. Mahendra Rao, C. Gorla, F. Concli Gear root bending strength: statistical treatment of single tooth bending fatigue tests results S. 15-30

„… , additional effects must be considered to obtain the S-N curve of a real component starting from STBF tests …” „… latter effect is considered by means of the statistic of extremes, which enables the estimation of the …” „… calculation method and explains its application to determine the S-N curve in practical cases. VDI-Berichte Nr …”

K. Yanagisawa, A. Weinmann Weight and cost reduction potentials with high performance polymers for gears S. 1019-1032

„… introduction of Kuraray, we’ll explain GENESTAR™ (PA9T). We’ve prepared two application examples which will …” „… many industries and is increasingly focusing on the development and application of innovative …” „… excellent choice for demanding applications in the automotive industry. As shown in the overview of proven …”

P. Mahendra Rao, S. Foletti, L. Bonaiti, C. Gorla, S. Beretta, F. Concli Mode III threshold under rolling contact fatigue and development of a test gearbox for planet gears S. 499-510

„… aerospace applications such as Geared turbofans (GTFs) and Main gearboxes (MGBs) in aircrafts. The project …” „… stress contributions such as: Hertzian contact stresses, edge loading effect, ovalization of gear, and …” „… thin-rimmed section of the planet gear. It has a substantial damaging effect in addition to the existing …”

D. Linsler, J. Hamann, M. Scherge Online high resolution wear measurement – a powerful tool for the analysis of initial stages of pitting S. 957-958

„… also has effect on the topography and so influences micropitting conditons as well and has to be …” „… operation can be monitored online with radionuclide technique (RNT). For the application of this technique …” „… they influence the performance of the gears. The method is an important tool when evaluating the effect …”

R. Jaeger, C. Koplin, B. Schluter Lubricated polymer-steel-systems: influence of the surface and interfacial energies of frictional partners on their tribological performance S. 1223-1236

„… . Bernadette Schlüter, Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials IWM, Freiburg Abstract The effect of …” „… increasingly attractive for engineering applications: they are light weight, in comparison to steel or …” „… polymers are so-called “low-carbon-materials”), and in particular in tribological applications polymers …”

F. Lagier, A. Bischofberger, K. Bause, S. Ott Suitability of additive manufactured PEEK gears as a means of gear sampling for automotive high-speed gearboxes S. 1045-1060

„… in a gear application. However, the integration of this material into the automotive high-speed …” „… Polymers allow for a quiet operation in several ap-plication domains [12]. In the case of high-speed …” „… (FDM) or selective laser sintering [7]. PEEK Polymer gears for high-performance applications have been …”

K. Fukanoki, K. Matsuo, Y. Suzuki, K. Fujiki Practical application of asymmetric tooth root geometry for downsizing automotive transmission gears S. 197-214

„… 5. Example of practical application Because the results in 4.5 confirmed the expected effects …” „… Practical application of asymmetric tooth root geometry for downsizing automotive transmission …” „… application of gears having an asymmetric tooth root radius of curvature in mass production operations will be …”

C. Schonke, T. Magdy, K. Daubach, W. Kassem, M. Oehler, O. Koch Simulation of high torque density gearbox noise excitation S. 837-848

„… developed to allow incorporation of these effects in a general way. To validate the simulation results …” „… investigate the effect of increased deformations within the gears, a weakening based on a hole in the rear …” „… ). One motor is driven with speed control, the other motor is used for load application and is driven …”

X. Zheng, Y. Hu FE analysis and predication on the traveling wave – resonance of aero-gears S. 915-926

„… aerospace application. In high-speed transmission, inevitable transverse excitations will generate traveling …” „… gears. Motivated by this problem, we proposed a FE-model to predicate this phenomenon. Nonlinear effect …” „… for its compact conformation and beneficial effects in vibration reduction. Many studies [9-14] also …”

E. Lamaj, J. Blomeke, F. Rudolph, J. Hermes A comprehensive, fully parametrized calculation model for improved helical-hypoid gearbox efficiency S. 825-836

„… manufacturer of standard and application specific gear units, SEW-EURODRIVE has to ensure a sufficient load …” „… optimum of the gearbox results from the optimum of each individual machine element. As the effect of the …” „… effects and physical phenomena as shown in Fig. 1, resulting from contact profile (1), preload and bearing …”

S. Matkovič, M. Kalin Effect of tribological properties on tooth root fatigue failure of polymer gears S. 1257-1268

„… Effect of tribological properties on tooth root fatigue failure of polymer gears M.Sc. Ing …” „… demanding applications. This increase is due to increased polymer performance and their inherent properties …” „… information enabling the understanding of the effect of tribological properties on root fatigue failure of …”

H.-J. Dennig, L. Zumofen, A. Kirchheim, S. Winterberg, D. Stierli Increasing the safety against scuffing of additive manufactured gear wheels by internal cooling channels S. 1345-1364

„… standard; instead, it depends on the principle effect of the internal cooling against scuffing. To …” „… application described is on quenched and tempered 30CrNiMo8 steel (1.6580). It exhibits high strength and …” „… CrNiMo8 steel can be nitrided to further improve the application properties of the component. Despite the …”

M. Weigand Smart and intelligent chip detectors using machine learning to monitor wear particles and dangerous degradation of critical powertrain components S. 995-998

„… motivation to push the development of a new solution and find new applications in other industrial fields. A …” „… expertise and a highly specialised testing environment. Technology This technology uses magnetic effects …” „… complexity of assembly. Thus, the sensor can also be implemented in oil bath-lubricated applications. Figure …”

S. Vonderschmidt, A. Ott, A. Vonderschmidt High speed machining with magnetically geared driven tools on rotatory milling machines S. 1415-1428

„… . The inherent overload protection of the magnetic gears also limits the use in applications where the …” „… Applications of Magnetic Transmissions Slip torque for applications in food and beverage [1,2]: Due to the …” „… advantages and disadvantages of magnetic transmissions, there are various applications. One of the main …”

Y. Koch, G. Martin, E. Kirchner, D. Quirnheim Pais, R. Slatter Feasibility study of measuring instantaneous angular speed of helical gears with magnetoresistive sensors S. 253-264

„… measured by accelerometer mounted at the outer housing is limited due to transfer path effects. The …” „… number of pulses ? for one revolution [3]: ?60 ⋅ ?? ⋅ ? (2) MR sensors The magnetoresistive effect …” „… mm) [17]. Sensor D is a position sensor based on the tunnel magnetoresistive (TMR) effect. As one …”

P. Rodel, R. Spieler, M. Indenbirken, T. Nuisl Holistic friction optimization of transmissions – a significant contribution for sustainability S. 731-744

„… , targeted, and application-oriented design regarding load capacity, acoustics (NVH) and energy efficiency …” „… and lubricant compression. In most applications, both for rolling bearings and gears, the hysteresis …” „… regimes. Boundary and mixed friction have a huge effect on the friction forces in contact. Therefore …”

J. Theling, M. Willecke, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher Influences on the Excitation Behavior of Lightweight Planetary Gearboxes S. 421-432

„… also to reduce CO2 emissions in mobile applications, increasing efforts are being made to reduce the …” „… are to be expected. The effects of individual misalignments have not yet been extensively investigated …” „… . Runout deviations of individual gears in planetary gear stages canalso lead to modulation effects, which …”

A. Wedmann, M. Stein, K. Kniel Gear calibration in tactile scanning mode on CMMs S. 1539-1552

„… dynamic effects which might increase the measurement uncertainty. But in light of the tight manufacturing …” „… , but dynamic effects can influence the measurement result. To achieve the smallest possible measurement …” „… are ineffective from two points of view due to the disturbing drift effects that are added. General …”

L. Ryali, D. Talbot Dynamic load distribution of planetary gear sets subject to both internal and external excitations S. 389-408

„… significant computational effort and expert users, thus limiting their applications to static analysis [2–4 …” „… effects of dynamic backlash, time-varying stiffness, excitation force amplitude, and damping ratio on the …” „… stochastic external excitations. The effects of the stochastic driving speed and external load on gear …”

S. Matkovič, M. Kalin, A. Pogačnik Dimensional stability of moulded polymer gears under various environmental conditions S. 1061-1070

„… gearbox applications, operating under different environmental conditions. Those conditions include varying …” „… wear, lower efficiency … It is very important to consider the swelling effect already in the design …” „… gearboxes that employ polymer gears are used in various applications and operate under different …”

B. Legrady, M. Taesch, G. Tschirschnitz, C. F. Mieth Prediction of churning losses in an industrial gear box with spiral bevel gears using the smoothed particle hydrodynamic method S. 651-664

„… for gearbox applications. In this work, a segment-based mesh representation is utilized to treat …” „… at 60 °C. In addition, surface tension effects are more important due to an increased surface tension …” „… share is squeezed towards the front tip of the pinion during the engagement process. Both effects lead …”

W. Wagner, S. Schumann, B. Schlecht Enhanced loaded tooth contact analysis of hypoid gears within a multi-body-system simulation S. 357-370

„… the contact compliances have no effect on the neighbouring points. This results in a small error, that …” „… positions over one pitch (Fig. 3, left, blue graph), this effect is neither visible nor of importance. Only …” „… with a significantly increased number of 181 meshing positions the effect is observable in BECAL (Fig …”

B. Guilbert, P. Velex Influence of thin rimmed/-webbed gears on transmission dynamic behaviour – Approximate dynamic factor formula S. 523-532

„… , Villeurbanne, France Abstract The objective of this paper is to analyse the effect of thin-webbed/-rimmed …” „… VDI-Berichte Nr. 2389, 2022530thin-rimmed applications. As expected, it fails to account for gear body mode …” „… , thin-rimmed gear”, Journal of Mechanical Design, 124(2002) pp.129-135. [7] Li, S., “Effects of centrifugal …”

R. Longato, M. Turci The effect of temperature on the SN curve for bending stress measured on a new test rig for plastic gears S. 1209-1222

„… The effect of temperature on the SN curve for bending stress measured on a new test rig for plastic …” „… development is still creating new materials and fillers. The applications that use these gears have increased …” „… over the last decade in different fields of application such as machinery, automation, pharmaceutics …”

J. Furst, F. Joachim, C. Gosselin, J. Thomas Improved design and manufacturing of face gears S. 1461-1466

„… of the art for the application, design and manufacturing of face gears – i.e. crown gears - is …” „… the tooth contact analysis under load using both the HyGEARS and BECAL applications. To our knowledge …” „… possible for spiral bevel gears. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2389, 2022 1461Application of face gears When first …”

A. Eric, D. Olveda, T. Froschmeier, V. Schulze Local pitting fatigue concept with EHL simulation for case hardened gears in electrical drives S. 133-144

„… proposed here. With the presented concept, it is possible to evaluate the effect of e.g. different surface …” „… some application examples. 2. Fatigue concept overview The idea of a local fatigue concept is to …” „… . This setup is very similar to the procedure reported by Li & Kahraman [15]. The application of the …”

A. Pogačnik, U. Kissling The future of plastic gear standardization S. 1149-1160

„… though the effect of ageing is probably neglectable for many applications, there are conditions where …” „… . 2389, 2022 1149for more materials should be documented, more wear factors should be available, effect …” „… 10 years ago and knowledge about certain relevant effects was not available at that time. The …”

D. Zorko, Z. Bergant, B. Černe Potential of woven carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite gears S. 1071-1082

„… composites have so far received little attention as a potential material for gear drive applications. In the …” „… . 1. Introduction The use of composite materials extends to dynamically loaded applications, such as …” „… resistance, which make them attractive for a variety of technical applications. In the most demanding …”

F. Reinle, D. Mangherini, E. Morgano, A. Bongiovanni Combining improved gear efficiency and improved fatigue performance through mass finishing S. 609-620

„… rolling contact like bearing applications for decades, classical gear finishing remained still on the …” „… one process chain. In current automotive gearbox designs for e-mobility applications shot peened gears …” „… housing in automotive applications. The gear surface consists of case-hardened and ground 27MnCr5. Because …”

A. Sitzmann, T. Tobie, K. Stahl, S. Hoja, S. Schurer Deep nitriding – contact and bending strength of gears with increased nitriding hardening depth S. 875-890

„… subsequent dynamic effects. The application of a grinding process for each test gear ensured the required …” „… (1.8519), 30CrNiMo8 (1.6580) and 32CDV13 (alloy for aerospace applications according to AIR 9160 …” „… significant advantage over the classic case hardening process. For this reason, depending on the application …”

J.-A. Meis, M. Walkowiak Influence of case hardness depth on tooth interior fatigue fracture S. 863-874

„… considered in the assessment. To better understand the effect of the case hardness depth on the risk of flank …” „… fatigue fracture is based on Murakami’s equations [4] for the effect of non-metallic inclusions on the …” „… and the size of the inclusions, the hardness profile, which can be adjusted to account for the effect …”

L. Becker, D. Vill, P. Tenberge Optimized crossed helical gearboxes using non-involute transverse sections S. 1197-1208

„… gear units are used in many applications. They range from actuators and power take-offs to household …” „… materials enables more gear applications with steel wheels to be replaced with plastic wheels. The …” „… has a positive effect on the wear behaviour. 1. Introduction The starting point is provided by the …”

J. Koenig, D. Kehle, K.-P. Heinzle Investigation of the failure mechanisms of plastic materials with and without fiber reinforcement S. 1269-1280

„… is significantly lower, compared to steel gears. Also, application of plastic gears is usually …” „… the damage behavior. For a reliable application of plastic gears, the knowledge of these different …” „… state of knowledge. Also, a recommendation for the application of plastic gears made of different …”

M. Weigand, C. Gachot Improved rotorcraft drivetrain safety and related research with special focus on improved lubricants for rotorcraft transmissions S. 561-572

„… one hand application-oriented teaching and research as well as unbiased expertise in the field of …” „… earlier a concept for a modular and software-based Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA …” „… analyse the engagement and disengagement of freewheel clutches and the effect of longer overrunning phases …”

S. A. Bohme, J. Keski-Rahkonen, T. Komssi A standardizable approach to tooth flank fracture S. 371-388

„… increases from case to core, so do aDV and the effect of theshear stress amplitude τa on ADV . Contrary, bDV …” „… and the effect of σhyd,max on ADV decrease.Throughout this manuscript, a rationalized version of the …” „… calculationThe observable linear stress difference along P1 proves that the Hertzian stresses have no effect …”

D. Drummer, D. Schubert, C. Herzog In situ measurement of geometric and structural influences on the operating properties of polymer gears S. 1099-1116

„… parts are increasingly important for tribological applications because of their advantageous …” „… effects of a favourable morphology can outweigh the drawbacks of higher form deviations, and vice versa …” „… gear applications due to its high wear resistance. Table 1: Technical specifications of the gear set …”

A. Hessler, B. Neubauer NVH-performance versus Costs – Coherent R&D for gears, system and manufacturing S. 103-118

„… to immense modulations and beating effects. For the purpose of evaluating the acoustic behavior of …” „… ghost frequencies, are often related to geometrical effects of the gear blanks. Effects that are …” „… uneven datum planes of the gear (see Fig. 5) cause regular and periodic effects in micro geometry and …”

P. Roth, M. Hein, K. Stahl Scuffing load capacity calculation of worm gears S. 811-824

„… already in use for mostly low-speed applications, such as lifting devices or solar trackers for …” „… use of harder materials for worm wheels is not common for applications with higher speeds. Fig. 1 …” „… allows for a practice-oriented application of the method within state-of-the-art design processes of worm …”

E. Lothman, M. Hein, U. Steiner Increased load carrying capacity of gears through optimized steel performance, surface conditions and processes S. 637-650

„… minimize the effect from external sources and try to reach the limit where the material is the weakest link …” „… high quality automotive fields of application. For this purpose, a soft machining, a case carburizing …” „… smaller and less harmful, reducing the risk of acting as fracture initiation points. This effect can be …”

A. Zhang, J. Wei, M. Cao, B. Peng Dynamic modeling and accuracy evaluation method for complex irregular components of aviation transmission S. 573-584

„… does not account for the real-time coupling effect between the gear-shafting subsystem and the casing …” „… (Euler beam for short) [17] and Timoshenko beam element [18], but the application of beam element matrix …” „… condensed into a new structural element by retaining partial DOFs. The basic principle is the application of …”

C. M. Illenberger, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Operating behavior and performance of oil-lubricated plastic gears S. 1117-1132

„… (TUM) 1. Abstract Plastic gears and their numerous applications have become an integral part of …” „… for the appli-cation in power transmitting drivetrains. This contribution will give an overview of the …” „… are constantly expanding their areas of application and market share in the field of drive technology …”

D. Mevissen, L. Uhlmann, U. Kupper, J. Brimmers, T. Bergs Analysis of friction of bowl-shaped surface structures resulting from alternative gear manufacturing processes S. 1371-1382

„… deterministically generated surface structures, e.g. by laser polishing or structuring, an improved application …” „… for specific applications can be set directly with the finishing manufacturing process. Compared to …” „… by running-in effects. The test disks have an outer diameter of d1 = 42.05 mm (centre distance a …”

A. Spatzig, N. Fujimura, P. de Oliveira Teixeira Practical analysis of productivity of grinding tools in the process of internal generating gear grinding S. 1319-1330

„… package, leading to a positive effect on the efficiency of the overall system [1]. At the same time …” „… for honing application was too hard and brittle for internal generating grinding application …” „… grinding wheel. This will show favorable effects on load capacity and wear behavior of the tooth flank [3 …”

M. Furst, J. Gotz, M. Otto, K. Stahl Automation of gearbox design S. 787-802

„… . paraboloid for central shear VDI-Berichte Nr. 2389, 2022 789force application). For each of these sections …” „… shoulder so that the increase of the notch effect due to the coincidence Fig. 2: Schematic representation …” „… section. Section "Rolling bearing" Rolling bearings are used in most gear applications to transmit forces …”

A. Hilligardt, J. Klose, V. Schulze A new method for avoiding meshing interference in gear skiving S. 1305-1318

„… developed for user-friendly implementation and practical applications. The influences of the tool and …” „… practical applications of gear skiving areVDI-Berichte Nr. 2389, 2022 1305 sometimes obstructed by the …” „… lead to an effect similar to an unintended tip relief on the workpiece or serious tool failure [5 …”

N. Blech, T. Tobie, K. Stahl, C. Guntner, S. Schurer Material influence on mechanical properties of gears with alternative microstructures S. 265-280

„… automotive applications. Gas carburized specimens serve as a reference variant (retained austenite < 5 …” „… austenite. [10] An overview of the effect of retained austenite under different stresses is given by Razim …” „… the atmosphere of the hardening oven [12, 13]. Nitrogen effects a stabilisation of the austenite to …”

C. A. Celikay, A. Donmez, A. Kahraman An experimental study of parametric resonances of a spur gear pair at speeds above its primary resonance S. 511-522

„… conventional transmission applications. In view of the push towards higher speed gear sets for electrified …” „… application is often within  3 - 4nf kHz (  3 - 4ni krpm for a gear i having, say  60iZ ). Subharmonic …” „… concern for traditional powertrain applications where the rotational speeds are modest. However, in view …”

D. Park, A. Rezayat, Y. Gwen Gear design optimization for multi-mesh and multi-power flow transmissions under a broad torque range incorporated with multibody simulations S. 849-862

„… Transmission Builder Simcenter Transmission Builder [4] is a vertical application for a commercially available …” „… , and stiffness coupling effects across the neighboring teeth and slices along the facewidth are …” „… actual automotive industry application and can be readily applicable with a seamless workflow. The …”

B. van Wissen, M. Kanters, F. Mitsuzuka, K. Iwanaga, M. Meuwissen, A. Hasanovic Predicting static and fatigue performance of fiber reinforced plastic gears S. 1083-1098

„… solutions in a large range of application fields like automotive, electrical and electronics, consumer …” „… products and specialized industry. Especially in gear applications DEM has proven its capabilities by using …” „… time at high temperatures. In order to be successful in gear applications it is key to accurately …”

T. Arndt, J. Klose, M. Gerstenmeyer, V. Schulze Tool wear development in gear skiving process of quenched and tempered internal gears S. 1331-1344

„… the effect on tool life for dry, flood and MQL. MQL resulted in a longer tool life during milling …” „… . 3. Results and discussion Abrasive wear is the dominating effect when dry machining workpieces of …” „… observation time. Since the tools fail abruptly with only a slight formation of abrasive wear, the effect of …”

P. Barreiro, S. Pfrimmer, G. Armutcu, J. Hermes Quality improvement of an aluminum gearbox housing by implementing additive manufacturing S. 1429-1446

„… alloys for high-temperature applications, titanium alloys for medicine and lightweight constructions …” „… , cobalt-chrome alloys for dental applications, and copper alloys for cooling and electronics applications. Metal …” „… Concerning AM applications in die casting, the use of integrated cooling channels contoured close to the …”

T. Konig, M. Kley, F. Wagner, M. Liebschner Enhanced damage classification on transmissions by generating synthetic data with Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) S. 227-238

„… systems have an essential effect on the overall system in terms of reliability and efficiency. Condition …” „… and temperature [2]. In many applications, for example monitoring of bearings and transmissions …” „… application and that a suitable sensor position is selected, in this case on the transmission [4, 5]. The …”

N. Tros, J. Brimmers, T. Bergs Approach for multiscale modeling the thermomechanical tool load in gear hobbing S. 1489-1502

„… , aerospace and general engineering applications [1]. For the evaluation of the tool load and the …” „… purpose, the assump-tion was made that no interactions with neighboring cutting elements occur. Effects …” „… cutting speed range relevant for the material group. Depending on the application, further optimization …”

U. Kissling Generation of a torque spectrum from measured torque-speed-time data S. 533-544

„… dynamic mass elastic properties of the system and other effects [1]. These variable loads (stresses) may …” „… VDI-Berichte Nr. 2389, 20225426 Application of time series in drive train calculations Today the analysis of …” „… . Such a time series can be obtained by measurements of the operating loads on an application or by …”

K. Lubke, M. Stein, S. Lin Validation of evaluation algorithms for cylindrical involute gears on coordinate measuring machines – new challenges according to standardization S. 1529-1538

„… . This can lead to scaling effects due to changing diameters depending on the chosen standard. By default …” „… provides a tool for the validation of computational software applications used in metrology, e.g. testing …” „… certificate can be issued. This project will develop a new application of the TraCIM online validation system …”

A. Gebhard, W. Kassem, M. Oehler Cylinder-on-ring model wear tests as an input data source for the simulation of friction and wear of plastic gears S. 1133-1148

„… use in industry applications for many decades. When designing a plastic gear, the main challenges are …” „… . Application of the experimental data in the gear simulationThe experimental results from the tribological …” „… simulation of real component surfaces. The consideration of effects in the field of mixed friction is only …”

L. Hildebrand, F. Dangl, M. Sedlmair, T. Lohner, K. Stahl CFD analysis on the oil flow of a gear stage with guide plate S. 677-694

„… low technical effort required for implementation. Oil dip lubrication is mostly used in applications …” „… been successfully adapted for applications with circumferential speeds up to 60 m/s [15]. Thereby, the …” „… required to ensure numerical stability and to relate to physical circumstances in technical applications …”

J. Gotz, F. Siglmuller, M. Furst, M. Otto, K. Stahl Experimental investigation of the dynamic load sharing of planetary gearboxes S. 409-420

„… gearboxes are used for a wide range of high-performance applications in the automotive, aviation and marine …” „… sector. Aerospace applications in particular benefit from a full use of the load capacity potential to …” „… estimation of Kγ for different applications, but merely based on the number of planets. Only in AGMA 6123-B06 …”

W. Kassem, M. Oehler, B. Sauer, S. Schmidt, J. Hausmann Investigation of the time-dependent behavior of plastic gears with local tribological simulation S. 1281-1294

„… increasingly in applications in the automotive industry, for example [2]. The biggest advantage over steel …” „… effects are considered by modifying the geometry of the plastic gear. For this purpose, a non-linear …” „… the help of this procedure, all interactions of the effects just described are taken into account …”

A. Baumann, B. Bertsche Coefficient of friction behavior of gear oils and significance for the meshing process of spur gears S. 745-762

„… the oil [5] through [6]. Costello used an MTM to demonstrate the effects of friction modifier …” „… . 177–188. [7] Costello, M. T.: Effects of basestock and additive chemistry on traction testing. In …” „… : Tribology Letters 18 (2005), pp. 91–97. [8] Zhang, J.; Tan, A.; Spikes, H.: Effect of Base Oil Structure on …”

F. May Trouble shooting of abnormal gearbox noise S. 545-560

„… these root causes have an effect on the gearbox vibrations and acoustics and thereby allow to …” „… monitoring of rotating equipment is common practice in industrial applications. But the described project …” „… shows that the sensors and signal analyses have to be adapted to the individual application to generate …”

F. Mieth, C. Ulrich, B. Schlecht Stress calculation on bevel gears with FEM influence vectors S. 585-596

„… reference value at the force application point. The linear deformation components due to bending, shear and …” „… the local deformation during load application at the tooth flank. While influence numbers always point …” „… stiffening effect (bottom section right). VDI-Berichte Nr. 2389, 2022590Fig. 7: Comparison of the root stress …”

F. Muller, S. Schumann, B. Schlecht Innovative tooth contact analysis with non-uniform rational b-spline surfaces S. 171-184

„… surface approximation with non-uniform rational b-spline surfaces (NURBS) is presented. Its application …” „… effect on the root stress and, accordingly, on the tooth root capacity. Finally, such deviations are …” „… Pos-sibilities for PM Gears,S. 8,2010. [8] Klingelnberg, J., Hrsg.: Bevel gear: fundamentals and applications …”

P. I. Pedrero, D. Martinez–Lopez, M. Pleguezuelos, J. Calvo–Irisarri, M. B. Sanchez, A. Fernandez–Sison Minimum friction losses in wind turbine gearboxes S. 715-730

„… : Application to wind turbines. Tribol Int 105 (2017) 42-54. [8] Talbot DC, Kahraman A, Singh A: An experimental …” „… including hertzian effects. Mech Mach Theory 109 (2017) 231-249. [11] Sánchez MB, Pleguezuelos M, Pedrero JI …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023891

Sun Danfeng - Distributed Edge Intelligence Enabled Wireless Communication Systems Serving Industrial Applications

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Sun Danfeng

Distributed Edge Intelligence Enabled Wireless Communication Systems Serving Industrial Applications

Series: Mess-, Steuerungs- und Regelungstechnik

Volume 1278 2022

Results in this title

Distributed Edge Intelligence for Dependability Assessment and Spectral Efficiency Optimization S. 70-82

„… applications from both analysis and control phases. For instance, Willmann etal. [13] presented an up state …” „… may notmeet the requirement of industrial AI applications. Then, solutions with edge intelligence …” „… insufficient for industrial applications. As we claim in Chapter 2.3.3, few studiesfocus on the model split …”

Conclusions and Future Work S. 83-84

„… distributed edge intelligence (DEI) and wire-less communication systems (WCSs) for industrial applications …” „… model-split intelligent applications in edge devices.6.2 Future WorkThis cross-domain is still full of …” „… WCSs, there are different kinds of noise, hence how to keep the effect is also achallenge.2. The system …”

Introduction S. 1-5

„… are also huge facing modern industrial applications. Organizations such as the3rd Generation …” „… : Applications and their related indicators.light curtains) to form closed-loop control. In general, auxiliary …” „… tasks,the reliability of the WCS will be worse, which may effect the critical tasks. To manage theproduction …”

Related Work S. 6-23

„… ) in most applications now.In the following year, Random Forest [42] was proposed. Combined with …” „… of applications withnoise(DBSCAN) [55], and ordering points to identify the clustering structure …” „… [57–59] widely apply, which is beyond single clustering applications. Combined with the LSTM,Sutskever et …”

Spectral Efficiency Optimization S. 47-69

„… spatial effects in MIMO settings. We set the path loss exponent504.2 Fully Connected Neural Networkof 2.5 …” „… effect of C2, we design a contrast experiment, which used a common lossfunction [213] as follows.Loss=−(1 …” „… control effect of C2 improved,and the penalty worked. However, only when α was equal to 0.7, C2 could be …”

Dependability Assessment S. 24-46

„… . Modified from the publication [160].Targeting industrial applications, a wireless communication system (WCS …” „… ) is abstracted asshown in Fig. 3.1. Industrial automation applications inside wireless devices …” „… . Therefore, every kind of application has specific communication requirements.The dependability conditions of …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186278081

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