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Sun Danfeng - Distributed Edge Intelligence Enabled Wireless Communication Systems Serving Industrial Applications

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Sun Danfeng

Distributed Edge Intelligence Enabled Wireless Communication Systems Serving Industrial Applications

Series: Mess-, Steuerungs- und Regelungstechnik

Volume 1278 2022

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Introduction S. 1-5

„… are also huge facing modern industrial applications. Organizations such as the3rd Generation …” „… : Applications and their related indicators.light curtains) to form closed-loop control. In general, auxiliary …” „… with other ones. Further comprehensively consideringthese situations together with the industrial …”

Related Work S. 6-23

„… ) in most applications now.In the following year, Random Forest [42] was proposed. Combined with …” „… of applications withnoise(DBSCAN) [55], and ordering points to identify the clustering structure …” „… [57–59] widely apply, which is beyond single clustering applications. Combined with the LSTM,Sutskever et …”

Conclusions and Future Work S. 83-84

„… scalabilitywith other industrial applications and systems still needs to research. How about the situa-tion, if …” „… distributed edge intelligence (DEI) and wire-less communication systems (WCSs) for industrial applications …” „… model-split intelligent applications in edge devices.6.2 Future WorkThis cross-domain is still full of …”

Distributed Edge Intelligence for Dependability Assessment and Spectral Efficiency Optimization S. 70-82

„… applications from both analysis and control phases. For instance, Willmann etal. [13] presented an up state …” „… may notmeet the requirement of industrial AI applications. Then, solutions with edge intelligence …” „… insufficient for industrial applications. As we claim in Chapter 2.3.3, few studiesfocus on the model split …”

Spectral Efficiency Optimization S. 47-69

„… controlled at the514 Spectral Efficiency Optimizationbeginning of the iteration, and all other situations …” „… most applications only need a processing interval higher than10ms, under the case that the Nt and K can …” „… , the iterative Algorithm 1 isput forward.4.3.3 Applications of Attention MechanismTwo types of …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186278081

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

ELIV 2017

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2299 2017

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T. Liebetrau, S. Grötsch Auf dem Weg zum intelligenten Scheinwerfer – Konzepte für hochaufgelöste Lichtquellen /On the path towards intelligent headlights – Concepts for highresolution light sources S. 75-76

„… microcontrollers suitable for high temperature applications and capable to drive high density light sources. This …” „… passengers per driven distance is about four times higher at night compared to well-lit situations during …” „… graphical computation effort rises to the range known from graphics processing units in display applications …”

F. Netter, P. Elspas Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) für Fahrzeuge – Anwendungen, Technologien und Herausforderungen /Artificial Intelligence for cars – Applications, technologies and challenges S. 11-12

„… Artificial Intelligence for Cars – Applications, Technologies and Challenges AI will transform …” „… that enables unprecedented applications in vehicles but requires a new mind-set for automotive …” „… if the driver is changing the lane in a risky situation and even gives active support to hold the …”

B. Hermann, K. Krumbiegel, M. Richter-Friedel, B. Schonlau Interaktive Spezifizierung und Validierung hochautomatisierter Fahrfunktionen in einer Mixed- Reality-Umgebung /Interactive specification and validation of highly automated driving functions in a mixe... S. 101-102

„… function concepts and currently implemented functions in any traffic situation long before a costly …” „… a mixed reality simulation application on the basis of Microsoft HoloLens which allows users to …” „… immerse themselves into a simulated traffic situation with the aim of observing it as a pedestrian and …”

M. Austerer Verbesserung der Fahrsicherheit und des Komforts durch intelligente Beleuchtung – Elektronik und Networking bereiten den Weg für neue Use Cases /Intelligent lighting improves driving safety and comfor... S. 73-74

„… feasible and the driver will get better and more situation-appropriate support. The ultimate goal is to …” „… a demanding driving situation. But still, at the end of the day, the driver’s choice – until quite …” „… high beam application was introduced to the market. Already in 2015 the first C segment car was …”

R. Straschill, T. Schäfer Anwendung etablierter Methoden zur Quantifizierung von Testabdeckung zur Sicherstellung der Sicherheit selbstlernender Systeme /Accepting uncertainty – Applying proven methods for quantifying test res... S. 97-98

„… applied to achieve a measure for test coverage in the situation of populations where only basic knowledge …” „… and validation of self-learning/nondeterministic systems for safety-critical applications by …” „… software in every situation the system may encounter in the field. For certain small and simple systems …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181022993

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - LAND.TECHNIK 2020

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

LAND.TECHNIK 2020

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2374 2020

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M. Schikora, J. Wildt, M. Zies, T. Schaare, V. Hadamschek, M. Bender Automatic weed spectrum and weed pressure assessment with RGB imagery S. 287-294

„… , Köln Abstract An informed assessment of the current situation on a field is the first step to …” „… weed situation the technology is today available as part of the xarvioTM SCOUTING app and will be …” „… scaled into further embedded applications for improved weed management. The newly made available …”

A. Holler, C. Mueller From driver to automated driving – Proposal for a holistic step by step approach S. 413-424

„… scope of this paper covers mobile machinery mainly operated in off-highway applications like e.g …” „… traffic situations and high-speed driving are some of them. There are lessons that can be learned from …” „… variability and the low production VDI-Berichte Nr. 2374, 2020414 volume situation applicable to mobile …”

H. Wanta, M. Holovac, S. Lorenz, J. Krzywinski Evaluation of Human-Machine Interactions with Autonomous Agricultural Systems through Cyber-physical Prototypes S. 245-266

„… agricultural sector is massively influenced by today’s social and economic situation worldwide, for example by …” „… general discussion about implementing autonomous machines in agricultural applications and deepen our …” „… context of the application. Functional models help to anticipate certain functions and properties of the …”

S. Pretsch, M. Rothbart Sustainable Agriculture in an Electrified World – Cradle-to-Grave evaluation of different propulsion systems S. 1-8

„… to the situation in the on-road industry, there are currently no comparably strict CO2 restrictions …” „… conventional system) of 3,8 ton. This application is characterized by a diversified load profile due to a wide …” „… space, availability, range and refuelling. This is due to the situation with available fuel stations …”

F. Uptmoor, B. Niemöller Automation methods in computational frame development – Standards in FEA modelling and evaluation allow a high degree of automation in virtual strength verification processes S. 309-314

„… dynamic lateral forces, depending on application case (1-5) and static wheel load. Such graphs are given …” „… and uncertainties about application factors, etc. and without collecting measurement data. The …” „… entire process outlined above is defined separately for five different application cases: 1. Driving on …”

N. Fischer Data insight and expert knowledge combined to maximize uptime S. 55-60

„… machine usage conditions considering regional differences and different application of machines around the …” „… fleet by identifying machine parameters and failure codes for situations in which the issue arises in …” „… Engineering departments, can rely on a wide data base of machine usage and application conditions. This is …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… GmbH, Dettingen unter Teck Automatic logging and situation-related evaluation of manufacturer …” „… , SLU, Uppsala, Sweden Design and analysis of a magnetic-electrical power split gearbox for application …” „… ? � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �93 F. Mörth, J. Pfeil, Dentons Europe LLP, Frankfurt ROS2 for Autonomous Agriculture Applications …”

S. Jordan, D. O’Rourke, L. Avery, J. Almond 3D Colour vision for machine automation and safety – AI Sensor Fusion S. 345-352

„… as direct sunlight can blind them. For safety critical applications this would not be acceptable – a …” „… . 2374, 2020 345 high precision application such as vegetable harvesting, high resolution data, ideally …” „… the 1960’s, with the advent of the Kalman filter, and its application to multivariable control …”

M. Gorius, T. Nothdurft, J. Witte, Saverio Zuccotti AEF Wireless In-Field Communication – Agrarian M2M communication for inter brand cooperative machine applications S. 157-166

„… machine applications Dr.-Ing. Manuel Gorius, John Deere, Kaiserslautern; Dr.-Ing. Tobias Nothdurft …” „… situation awareness. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2374, 2020 157 Our Vision: Big picture and use cases Communication …” „… state into consistent application maps. A pre-condition for efficient cooperative work in the same …”

N. Niebrügge, M. Terhaag, M. Ensink Full digital video solution as a forward-looking technology for High Speed ISOBUS S. 295-302

„… application could display and hide the video stream as needed in critical situations like driving backwards …” „… custom video stack that is the core of these applications and enables low latency video streaming …” „… applications that support digital video. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2374, 2020298 Fig. 1: Current panel apps with …”

L. Trösken, L. Frerichs Process model for an economic evaluation of cultivation methods on agricultural farms S. 435-444

„… intensified competitive situation, both regionally and internationally, and with growing societal demands [10 …” „… , offers a web application to quantify the expenses incurred for the machinery. Other services provide …” „… methods, such as working speeds, processing depths and application rates. Depending on a scheduled date of …”

M. Hengst, T. Herlitzius, S. Pantke, P. Zirker Tool management, controlling and condition detection for highly automated/autonomous soil cultivation S. 73-82

„… have the potential to perform field work with a minimum of energy and manpower. For the application …” „… application case of an automated tool change, systems for identifying the tools and the working equipment. To …” „… have to be done by a tool management system. Tool Management - Current Situation / State of the Art …”

H. Bernhardt, M. Bozkurt, E. Colangelo, J. HorstmannM. Kraft, J. Marquering, T. Steckel, H. Tapken, C. Westerkamp, C. Weltzien Industry 4.0 and Agriculture 4.0 – The same or different? S. 167-174

„… developed. While the former are based on novel security applications and protocols, the latter focus on …” „… generated. However, these data are not yet used consistently in the sense of Industry 4.0. The situation is …” „… When analysing Industry 4.0 applications in agriculture, it is striking that although much initially …”

F. Mörth, J. Pfeil Legal Risks and Chances of Automation in Agriculture – Is EU regulation stifling or promoting innovation? S. 93-102

„… of “analog” technologies [7]. Therefore, difficulties arise in respect of the application of the …” „… liability arises in a situation that falls outside the scope of the Product Liability Directive …” „… military applications. Such elements should be taken into account at the development stage of the product …”

M. Pußack, I. Stasewitsch, L. Frerichs Investigations of a cutter bar operated in resonance mode with an electric direct drive S. 151-156

„… development process. The situation is different for the stroke of the mower. The stroke is necessarily …” „… is designed for operation on an implement carrier vehicle for municipal applications. The setup is …”

R. Schmetz Energy analyses of different advanced drive systems for agricultural machinery S. 315-322

„… . In uncertain situations such as these, energy analyses of various drive systems have become very …” „… investigation. Nevertheless, the application of the methodology described above by different actors and the …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023747

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Land.Technik AgEng 2017

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Land.Technik AgEng 2017

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2300 2017

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C. Ehlert, L. Erger Development of an Intelligent Stretch Brake System S. 143-148

„… throughout the course of agricultural history. Amongst others, transport applications have become a …” „… widespread usage profile. Within this application, speeds and loads have increased over the years. Today …” „… . In order to prevent jackknifing, CLAAS has developed a system to detect critical driving situations …”

L. Meyer, P. Noyer Holistic Tractor Setup and Optimization System – CLAAS Electronic Machine Optimization for the Tractor S. 185-190

„… applications. Working efficiently in the different tasks requires manual adjustment of several tractor and …” „… account all common tractor applications (tillage, seeding, crop care, …). Furthermore, the system helps …” „… tables [2] or web applications are widely availed. Tire pressure recommendations have been made through …”

J. Schroeter, W. Angermair, S. Pauli Real-time View and Documentation of Manufacturer Independent Machine Data S. 149-156

„… application, data structure and, last but not least, manufacturer brands. Introduction and Aim: Due to the …” „… needs of agriculture. In Germany, already more than half of all farms use digital applications and …” „… and offer software specialized for their own brand of agricultural machinery. The situation has …”

J. Sonnen, J. Möller The Technical Concept of a Manufacturer-Independent Web-Based Data Exchange Platform for the Agricultural Sector S. 73-78

„… . Starting Situation The optimisation of agricultural production processes and the availability of a …” „… software products for particular applications are also being offered by other companies, including a …” „… number of start-ups. Many of these applications require manufacturerindependent access to machinery data …”

R. Bumberger, W. Klinger, D. Botev Electric traction drive on a plough – More power for the driveline S. 23-30

„… offers the possibility of ploughing in situations where a conventional plough is limited. E.g. a moist …” „… to three motors. In the plough application only one e-drive is used. Standardized hybrid AEF1 …” „… agricultural applications are keeping the initial investment reasonably low and the availability high. This has …”

M. Rothmund, S. Villwock, P. Pollinger Redundant Communication in Daisy Chains for Improved Diagnostics and System Reliability in Seeders and Planters S. 453-460

„… connected in CAN-based daisy chains in application bars of seeders, planters, sprayers. By single wire or …” „… not cover harness faults that we commonly see in agricultural applications. In this project a …” „… in the application bar. In case one module cannot communicate to the next one right side anymore …”

J. Mengele Field test validation as part of the development of a narrow track tractor S. 417-422

„… outstanding number of different applications and the highly integrated operation possibilities for high …” „… . Particularly with regard to the huge number of special types of applications and implements of these tractors …” „… comply with the current emission stage EU 3b. The installation situation of the cooled external Exhaust …”

A. Johannes, M. Seitz Automatic plant disease diagnosis using mobile capture devices S. 39-60

„… application under real field conditions in a pilot study located in Spain and Germany over more than 36 plant …” „… (Herrera-Foessel et al., 2006). Therefore, the use of resistant varieties or crop protection applications can …” „… European situation and urged research to elaborate on tools to help farmers detect the early presence of …”

F. Peters, H. Korte, R. Bölling Modelling method for analyzing grain harvesting concepts S. 219-226

„… modifications on every level of the system can be assessed by the method. Possible applications include the …” „… indicates how the machine performs in the different situations. It consists of the elementary processes for …” „… , the application of the method supports the evaluation of alterations within the machinery concept …”

F. Hantschack, R. Rahmfeld, J. Bagusch, A. Meyer, E. Dohm Development of a high performance continuously variable drive for mobile agricultural and construction machinery S. 315-322

„… drive. The fields of application of telehandlers and wheeled loaders have become so divers that now …” „… solutions in this range of performance. The Wacker Neuson Group was unhappy with this situation. On the one …” „… 550 bar Rated application pressure 420 bar Rated flow 551 l/min VDI-Berichte Nr. 2300, 2017 317 Fig …”

D. Engelmann, M. R. Unger, M. Geimer Testing and Benchmarking a Powertrain with Independent Wheel Control for Heavy Machinery S. 303-314

„… , thus it behaves like a locked powertrain providing the maximum traction in every driving situation …” „… depending on the driving situation or driver input via human machine interfaces (HMI) [4]. The mechanical …” „… adapted for application to the investigation of heavy machinery. As stated above, mobile machines have …”

F. Haussmann, R. Obermeier- The CLAAS AXION 900 TERRA TRAC Product Range – Benefits of the CLAAS Axion 900 halftrack tractor concept Hartmann equipped with CLAAS Big Driver Terra Trac S. 127-134

„… situation: wheels vs tracks Where the standard tractor ends and the track tractor does begin? Right from …” „… on the targeted application, the Terra Trac Big Driver concept can be derived for belt width from 18 …”

M. Peeters, V. Kloster, T. Fedde, L. Frerichs Integrated wheel load measurement for tractors S. 423-430

„… vary extremely while a working process. In any situation the tire loads respective the axle loads have …” „… application points in the rear of a tractor (Figure 1), to connect implements or ballasting weights, the most …” „… applications. In WO 2013/104981 A1 [2] and in [3] assemblies are described for rigid axles. The bending of …”

J. Karner, C. Danner, A. Kerschbaumer, H. Prankl Definition of a test method to evaluate vibrations acting on a tractor driver S. 255-262

„… drives and slightly adapted in terms of vehicle speed and load situation (ballast, axle loads etc …” „… Development of the test cycle and test events As the field of application of tractors is so versatile, the …”

C. Geiger, M. Geimer Efficiency Optimisation of a Forestry Crane by Implement Hydraulics with Energy Recovery S. 175-184

„… situations like lowering the crane or a practically horizontal movement of the grapple where the potential …” „… future field of application, the number of forest alleys should be decreased to reduce the impact of …” „… 6 and 7, there are frequent situations where the inner boom cylinder (IBC) and outer boom cylinder …”

J. Ettl, H. Bernhardt, K. Thuneke, E. Remmele, P. Emberger, G. Huber Real driving emissions of tractors during field work and on the test stand S. 391-398

„… the application of a steady state [3] and a transient test cycle, latter modified by generating mean …” „… sudden increase of the gas mass flow rate, which can diminish the NOX conversion rate at this situation …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023006

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Automation 2021

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2392 2021

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T. Zeun, A. Frotzscher, A. Nicklas, E. Schmitt, D. Schulze-Zipper, H. Zipper Selbstorganisation und Co-Management verteilter Automatisierungssysteme mit dem Kommunikationssystem S. 751-762

„… collaboration together with a co-management between the distributed application and the communication system …” „… in use in the industry in several business-critical applications. Automotive manufacturers use …” „… co-management of the communication network and distributed control application: The management units of both …”

L. Underberg, S. Willmann, S. Kerschbaum , S. Höme Estimation of 5G Cell Capacity in Industrial Environments S. 141-154

„… to its deployment from an industrial application's perspective is currently challenging due to a …” „… situation is emulated in the third scenario. The presented approach can be adapted to any wireless or wired …” „… communication technology serving an industrial application at choice. Consequently, it is an important step …”

S. Janzen, N. Öksüz, J. Sporkmann, M. Schlappa, J. Gerhard, L. Ortjohann, P. A. Becker Smart Resilience Services for Industrial Production S. 621-636

„… (e.g., Situation-Service-Fit). As we already applied the 6-step design method, we also reflect on our …” „… ., & Maaß, W. (2020). A SITUATION-SPECIFIC SMART RETAIL SERVICE BASED ON VITAL SIGNS, International …” „… we hope to further accelerate the proliferation of SRS in real-world applications. In this paper …”

D. Patel, A. Hoell, T. Schildknecht, E. Eberhardt, V. Seelman, P. Becker, M. Stumpert A look inside functional safety over 5G S. 155-168

„… the shop floor and new manufacturing applications are foreseen by VDI-Berichte Nr. 2392, 2021 155 …” „… for the functional safety applications. With adoption of the 5G being foreseen in smart manufacturing …” „… the functional safety application. To protect people and environment in the production facilities …”

D. Díez Álvarez, U. Berger AIQIIA: General AI Quality Inspector for Industrial Applications S. 491-504

„… AIQIIA: General AI Quality Inspector for Industrial Applications M.Sc. D. Díez Álvarez …” „… transformations at high-level features, what has turned them into SoA NN for image processing and CV applications …” „… iteration. Our second dataset corresponds to a similar application of welded nuts but the nut itself and …”

J. Ulmer, S. Braun, J. Wollert Adaptive VR-Produktionsumgebungen für Evaluations- und Schulungstätigkeiten S. 55-64

„… verschiedenste industrielle Situationen abbilden, indem sie ihren Benutzern realistische Arbeitsumgebungen …” „… , - Situationen nachgestellt werden, welche im Normalbetrieb nicht auftreten und evtl. Gefahren beinhalten. [2, 4 …” „… . Hao, A.: Applications of virtual reality in maintenance during the industrial product lifecycle: A …”

S. Grüner, M. Hoernicke, A. Kehl, C. Barth, M. Freund, M. Hoffmeister, T. Klausmann Integration von Module Type Package und Industrie 4.0 Verwaltungsschale S. 421-432

„… cannot be retrieved in a standardized manner. To-be situation: Classification of type and instance …” „… . To-be situation: The MTP file and type-specific AAS aspect enables the visualization and operation of …” „… mime type to make it uniquely identifiable by AAS consuming application. The InstanceAAS contains a …”

J. Fischer, R. Rosen, F. G. Listl, A. Sohr, J. C. Wehrstedt Assistenzsysteme der nächsten Generation für Produktionssysteme S. 461-476

„… systems and the application part with user-specific interaction options. The approach is illustrated …” „… in der Produktion in einer jeweils spezifischen Situation. Um diese Assistenz zu geben, ist es …” „… erforderlich, dass der DPC die spezifische Situation kennt. In unserem Ansatz differenzieren wir hierzu …”

F. Hilbert, S. Soler Perez Olaya Flexible Industrie 4.0 Verwaltungsschale für dynamische IIoT-Systeme – Zeitreihen in der Verwaltungsschale S. 87-100

„… sind verschiedene Situationen denkbar, in denen ein Asset nicht in der Lage ist eine Anfrage zu …” „… IIoT Funktionalitäten in Brownfield Situationen. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2392, 2021 93 Bild 2: Verschiedene …” „… of IoT application layer protocols through a smart parking implementation. In 2017 20th Conference …”

P. Sehr, N. Moriz Zustandsüberwachung und Klassifizierung manueller Montageprozesse mit selbstadaptiven Modellen S. 557-570

„… Abweichungen im Prozessablauf: Viele Situationen des betrieblichen Alltags können zu Verzögerungen im …” „… Modellerstellung-Phase muss diese Situation berücksichtigt werden. Das Modell des Normalverhaltens wird in Form eines …” „… Applications, 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control (pp. 1861-1866). IEEE. [15] A …”

N. Franchi, P. Schulz, G. Fettweis, A. Weinand, D. Lindenschmitt, H. Schotten, N. Bulk, F. Bittner, A. Dekorsy, L. Underberg, L. Rauchhaupt Das Industrial Radio Lab Germany – Vier Standorte, eine Mission S. 183-196

„… , insbesondere in kritischen Situationen wie Kreuzungen und Einmündungen (siehe Abbildung 2). Der Traffic …” „… keine großen Mengen an Trainingsdaten benötigen, die möglicherweise nur sehr spezifische Situationen …” „… Generation Networks and Applications (NGNA 2020), 2020. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2392, 2021 195 VDI-Berichte Nr …”

A. Jebari, H. Mettler Integriertes Vorgehensmodell für die Planung und Realisierung von modularen Plug & Produce Systemen in der Pharmaproduktion S. 293-304

„… application and integration of flexible and modular automation and IT components. The paper shows a model …” „… Impfstoffen gegen Viruserkrankungen [2] und aktuell in der Corona-Pandemie-Situation. Hieraus ergibt sich die …”

G. Persico, A. Fischer, M. Riedl, D. Tran Plattform zur Untersuchung industrieller Funkkommunikation für die Intralogistik S. 197-208

„… technologies such as 5G and WiFi 6 promise dependable communication for industrial control applications …” „… Gerät Informationen über Situation und Umgebung benötigt. Daher muss jedes Gerät mit einem Netzwerk …”

E.-M. Neumann, B. Vogel-Heuser, J. Fischer, P. Puntel Schmidt, M. Witte, N. Langer, L. Becerril, M. Bengel Refaktorisierung von Steuerungssoftware cyber-physischer Produktionssysteme – Potentiale und Nutzen S. 679-690

„… Situationen unterstützen kann, werden in diesem Beitrag drei Use Cases zur Anwendung von …” „… . Eppinger and T. R. Browning, Design structure matrix methods and applications. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press …”

M. Thies, T. Miny, T. Kleinert Ein Konzept für Produkt-Verwaltungsschalen zur Produktbezogenen Integration von Produktionsdaten für die Qualitätsoptimierung S. 405-420

„… 13218-019-00589-y. [12] C. Cimino, E. Negri, und L. Fumagalli, „Review of digital twin applications in …” „… Ontologie-Modelle) und Situationszusammenhänge (z. B. Anlagen-Betriebszustand) umfasst [2]. Die Zuordnung der …” „… . Produktionsdaten bezüglich des Situationszusammenhangs betrachtet werden. Verschiedene Anwendungsbeispiele für …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023921

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