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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

ELIV 2023

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2423 2023

Results in this title

S. K S, Tata Elxsi, N. Velinov Software-Defined Vehicle: Combining Real-Time Safety Critical Functions with Cloud Connectivity S. 543-558

„… Software-Defined Vehicle: Combining Real-Time Safety Critical Functions with Cloud Connectivity …” „… safety-critical real-time Driver Monitoring System (DMS) with cloud-based non-critical applications. It explains …” „… how a software platform based on Green Hills Software’s INTEGRITY Real-Time Operating System (RTOS …”

M. Nestoriuc, H. Walia Criticality driven data acquisition in autonomous driving – A basis for completeness and safety argumentation S. 1-16

„… it is the inverse of its score from the Scoring function. The edge weights are the real-world times …” „… validate new functions of automated vehicles, very extensive and cost-intensive real world test drives are …” „… autonomous driving systems (AD). This methodology is based on real, experienced, and recorded scenarios. In …”

F. Mayer, J. Apelt, R. Münzenberger, F. Kraft, C. Winkler Event-Chain-Focused Development of System Architectures Makes Complex Systems Manageable S. 645-662

„… , and a new, methodical approach is required to ensure real-time, tool-supported compliance …” „… decomposed into its event chain components, leading to end-to-end validation of real-time capabilities. As a …” „… sharing of these resources within a zonal architecture does not lead to missed real-time requirements. In …”

O. Schmidt, K. Albers, P. Rehkop, R. Münzenberger Strategically Migrating, Mapping and Scaling Software to new SoC, domain and zone architectures and HPC S. 169-184

„… software architectures and software deployment to different ECUs. Real-time operating systems and …” „… . Liu James W. Layland: Scheduling Algorithms for Multiprogramming in a Hard-Real-Time Environment …” „… Logical Execution Time Paradigm for Distributed Real-time Automotive Software. ACM Trans. Cyber-Phys. Syst …”

O. Kotte, L. Beermann, D. Ziegenbein, S. Ravi, M. Vinnakota Master Algorithm for Event-based Co-Simulation with FMI 3.0 for Timing Accurate Software-in-the-Loop S. 447-462

„… real-time automotive systems, Software-in-the-Loop (SiL) represents the state-of-the-art for testing …” „… (ECUs) are embedded real-time systems executing a great variety of software (SW) elements, including …” „… real-time constraints. This is usually done by building a model (for example as an open-source AMALTHEA …”

A. Kraus, R. Lokner Virtual Homologation – new opportunities for the automotive industry to enable more efficient development processes and improving safety and quality of vehicles for high scaling software updates S. 437-442

„… involved are very time-consuming due to the strictness of the regulatory requirements concerned …” „… , time savings and increased safety resulting from virtual performance of more extensive tests. With …” „… work. For the first time, the results of their collaboration will serve as the validation proof for a …”

P. Dreiseitel, D. Yesilbas Generative Artificial Intelligence – How AI Models Change the Way We Develop Automotive Products S. 405-418

„… issues. These bots can be integrated into vehicle systems, offering real-time support to users. Research …” „… impact on the automotive industry. It discusses real-world use cases in support processes, development …” „… phases, and direct product integration. At the same time, we will also address the current challenges of …”

C. Hübscher, R. Geppert Addressing the challenge of “integrating everything” S. 589-598

„… Development is a new concept to address multiple challenges at the same time: Working efficiently and …” „… real life you often get overwhelmed with tons of customer requirements that need to be evaluate and …” „… further broken down. It is often tricky to understand the real customer needs and the requirements may not …”

S. Spitzer, S. Wahl Hydrogen – A Game Changer in the Automotive Industry ... and Beyond S. 689-702

„… for these solutions. H2 applications take advantage of all use cases where short refueling times and …” „… generation of solutions available. Collecting a large amount of real data from its mobile and sta- tionary …” „… low fuel consumtion under real world driving conditions. Therefore, a system approach is crucial to be …”

C. Wilks, J. Roslak New Opportunities with Software Defined Lighting – Appearance drives Emotionalization S. 61-76

„… data is to be transmitted from a central control unit to the headlamp, in the case of real-time …” „… realization of a real-time application such as Adaptive Driving Beam, however, lossless compression with the …” „… possibilities have long been recognized by OEMs and are particularly driven in the time of LED applications. LED …”

K. Eliasch, Dr. P. Friedel, D. Li, D. Shan Cooperative Perception Services to Improve the Safety of Road Users S. 347-364

„… reflect the system actual GNSS positioning quality as it is not stable along time. The column of the real …” „… . The reaction time left for drivers can be significantly increased if a potentially dangerous situation …” „… QT based visualization window. 4.2 CPS System Time Delay According to the system composition, the …”

M. Wegener, R. Savelsberg, A. Alberti, G. Cechini, L. Schäfers, K. Badalian, S. Pischinger A Cloud-based Self-Learning Digital Twin Solution for Increasingly Accurate Range Prediction in Battery Electric Vehicles S. 103-112

„… advantages. Firstly, it allows us to capture and process real-time data from the vehicle and its environment …” „… twin is further improved over time and adapted to individual drivers – simply by driving the vehicle …” „… representations of physical objects that can simulate real-world behavior and performance. By using such models …”

G. Shirasat, T. Dannemann Snapdragon Ride Flex SoC: The central compute solution that’s bringing the SDV vision to reality S. 253-266

„… microservice or incumbent real-time operating system (RTOS) based or a combination of both. In case of the …” „… low latency hard real-time OEM applications.  Automotive Cloud-Native Container Infrastructure: On …” „… the developer feedback. The developer feedback can be defined as the time it takes for a developer to …”

K. Fuchs, G. Hasenbichler How Data-driven Approaches Enhance Agile and Quality-assured Software Development for AD S. 663-672

„… sector some time ago and are performing more and more tasks – and doing so across systems. Today …” „… performance levels of the implemented automated function. At the same time development duration and cost need …” „… the SUT as well as data from vehicle CAN need to be stored on data storage devices in a time …”

N. Ilg, D. Sisejkovic, P. Duplys Where is Everybody? – Looking for Remote Attacks on Cars in the Wild S. 623-634

„… traveled at 1 percent of the speed of light, our galaxy should have been colonized 1000 times [1]. In …” „… Valasek [3] in 2015, remote attacks on series cars have been published time and again, e.g., in [4], [5 …” „… . VDI-Berichte Nr. 2423, 2023624Large and/or stable: The current population is already large, but the real …”

M. Pfeifle, N. Zeller, A. vom Felde Combining ADAS and SD Maps for Augmented Reality Guidance S. 135-148

„… approach, the tracking front-end has to run in real time with the frame rate of the recorded image sequence …” „… sensor modality for ADAS, often complemented by radar and, at times, by LIDAR – when it comes close to AD …” „… real-word scene with the ability to occlude (or not) scenery items that are behind or before the turn path …”

U. Bodenhausen How to Become a Leader by Development of AI – ChatGPT Research Papers Analysed S. 281-292

„… domain that, even in Machine Learning friendly environments, had for a long time been subject to “manual …” „… models with hand-crafted rules have for a long time been more performant than data driven, machine …” „… learned language models. That paradigm has changed completely over time. Natural language understanding …”

S. Duda, Laurent Emmerich A unified middleware for SoC-agnostic application development S. 379-384

„… hard real-time capability and small, static memory. AUTOSAR Adaptive, on the other hand, supports CPUs …” „… , at the same time, enables the vehicle manufacturers to take over the development and responsibility …” „… frameworks: AUTOSAR Classic specifies the RTE (RunTime Environment) on which the corresponding software …”

A. Beyfuß, M. Wirtz, T. Hein, J. Feng, P. Crowther, O. Forrest QuietComfort Road Noise Control – Helping Carmakers Design Better Cars S. 39-60

„… can often use existing microphones for real-time adaptation to different driving conditions. An …” „… solutions require some form of error feedback to enable real-time adaptation of the cancellation system for …” „… requirement of critical importance to good RNC performance. Latency refers the time required for a vibration …”

H. Ghezali, L. Trautmann, S. Witke, S. Herbold A Review of using Artificial Intelligence in Large Projects for Requirements Classification S. 573-588

„… techniques to make the computations run faster, especially in real-time use cases where processing time is …” „… approach the assignment time can be reduced significantly, especially in acquisitions of short duration …” „… time-consuming and error-prone when performed manually, under the assumption that tens of thousands of …”

M. Cupelli Rust for Automotive – A Modern, Memory-Safe and Secure Programming Language S. 533-542

„… hardware from Infineon, engineered for safety, security, and multicore real-time performance, complements …” „… primary advantage is its guaranteed memory safety at compile time. This static memory management …” „… eliminates unforeseen run-time vulnerabilities related to the access of unowned or unintended memory. The …”

F. Kraemer Development and Testing Autonomous Vehicles (AV) at Scale S. 149-158

„… they can reduce data bottlenecks and spend their time on optimising ADAS/AD systems. Smarter Data …” „… carry out real on road driving tests. One major goal is to collect measurement data from sensors …” „… amounts of data and ensure time-synchronous recording for the further validation process. Digital Data …”

A. Weichslgartner Automotive Software Vulnerabilities: Strategies for Early Detection, Mitigation, and Prevention in the Software-Development-Lifecycle S. 463-478

„… the cost and complexity increases with time of the software development lifecycle, it is crucial to …” „… vulnerabilities. Additionally, we will examine selected publicly known real-world cases to explore how …” „… considered CVEs. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2423, 2023466Figure 3 shows the development over time of selected CWEs. It …”

A. Matarage A leap in innovation – What European OEMs can learn from Chinese OEMs in terms of User Experience S. 503-518

„… improved their standards – at times even surpassing some of the most prestigious European brands! The …” „… foreign countries). It is that time period that officially marks the beginning of the numerous joint …” „… pollution and low air quality. At the same time political shifts and changes are bringing new challenges and …”

P. Fietkau, L. Diebolder Challenges in the Synchronous Development of Software, Hardware and Mechanics for Drive Systems S. 559-572

„… securing all requirements with tests [6]. At the same time, virtualization of the validation process is …” „… the vehicle. The time required for tooling is high, especially for the last loop with production tools …” „… software development. Since it still takes time to create the physical prototypes, some of the physical …”

J. Hansson, L. Henderson, M. Sadeghi Kati, D. Möller, S. Ray, S. Schoutissen Safe and efficient regenerative braking strategies for BEV heavy vehicle combinations S. 91-102

„… defined range, allowing for sufficient lateral force to be available on the drive axles at all times. 2 …” „… imposed in time. The friction limit depends on both the tyre vertical load and the tyre-road friction …” „… changing, this plot represents a snapshot in time where the limit is set at a specific level. In the plot …”

A. Till, R. Hayton Why Trusted Execution Environments are Critical for Automotive Security S. 599-612

„… – both real and perceived. It is to the embarrassment of the industry that the majority of vehicle thefts …” „… Real? A question often asked is whether the cybersecurity threat to vehicles is real. Outside of …” „… Source, and the difficulty in keeping it secure. Imagine X evolves Y1 into Y2 over time, adding features …”

I. Lidovski, A. Geynis Tales from a Penetration Testing Team S. 497-502

„… zero-day vulnerabilities are found in real-time embedded automotive systems today? We believe that by …” „… place at the right time to eavesdrop on the specific validation traffic, this is not the case. In fact …”

T. Hinzmann Achieving Ubiquitous Connectivity for Future Vehicles S. 331-346

„… by providing real-time, highly reliable, and actionable information flows to enable safety, mobility …” „… approximately 25 times higher than the sub-7 GHz bands, resulting in a 4-5 times higher data speed …” „… methodology for algorithms and math will replace the traditional time-consuming trial-and-error beamforming …”

T. Huck, A. Achtzehn Towards the next step in vehicle E/E architectures S. 185-198

„… . In traditional E/E architecture time periods, this is full throttle …” „… ) called “uno”, “duo”, or “trio”. The uno pattern represents the highest level of integration. Over time …” „… domain-centralized architecture. Moving further towards a real vehicle centralization, the amount of HW resources …”

T. Löhr, B. Bauer Supply chain security risks of software driven products S. 479-496

„… . Real-time supply chain visibility solutions are invaluable tools for monitoring shipments and inventory …” „… this by providing real-time insights into potential issues. The development and maintenance of a robust …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… EDV-Systeme GmbH, Saarbrücken Software-Defined Vehicle: Combining Real-Time Safety Critical Functions with …”

L. Heinrich, M. Springer, D. Schütz, J. Pannek A Holistic Approach for a Universal Vehicle-to-Robot (V2R) Communication Interface S. 365-378

„… real-time communication with minimal latency and regulate data transmission via allocated time slots. B LTE …” „… broker and precise time synchronization using IOT devices. IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic …”

P. Laufer Estimation of Gender and Age of Vehicle Occupants Using Deep Learning S. 27-38

„… data augmentation (right). To minimize inference time for age and gender estimation and reduce the …” „… . Sriharsha and P. J. A. Alphonse, “Anthropometric based Real Height Estimation using Multi layer peceptron …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024232

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Gießtechnik im Motorenbau 2017

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Gießtechnik im Motorenbau 2017

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2304 2017

Results in this title

N. Gramegna Foundry 4.0: Smart casting process control and real time quality prediction S. 227-234

„… Foundry 4.0: Smart casting process control and real time quality prediction The digitalization of …” „… predict in real-time the Quality and the cost of the casting Nicola Gramegna, M. Eng, EnginSoft SpA …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… . Gramegna Foundry 4.0: Smart casting process control and real time 227 quality prediction …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023044

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Reifen – Fahrwerk – Fahrbahn

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Reifen – Fahrwerk – Fahrbahn

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2425 2023

Results in this title

R. Schurmann, N. Harendza, A. Lion Comparison of numerical methods for real-time simulation of spontaneous axle component failure S. 103-118

„… Zeitschrittintegrator in der Mehrkörpersimulationssoftware ADAMS/Car RealTime. Die spontane Deformation kann sowohl …” „… durch CarMaker als auch durch ADAMS/Car RealTime exakt und echtzeitfähig berechnet werden. Beim Abriss …” „… liefert lediglich ADAMS/Car RealTime gute Ergebnisse, jedoch muss das Modell in der Komplexität reduziert …”

V. Yordanov, L. Eckstein Supplying Real-Time Data to a Digital Twin of the Road System using Tyres and Chassis as Data Providers S. 133-144

„… Supplying Real-Time Data to a Digital Twin of the Road System using Tyres and Chassis as Data …” „… , real-time data on these interactions cannot be collected directly, as a direct measurement of the force …” „… data generation to address this challenge is presented. At the core of this approach is a real-time …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… numerical methods for real-time simulation of spontaneous axle component failure 103R. Schurmann …” „… . Friederichs, M. Harris, fka GmbH, AachenSupplying Real-Time Data to a Digital Twin of the Road System using …” „… ) - RWTH Aachen University, Aachen Innovative ReifenentwicklungErstellung von realen Prüfzyklen für …”

C. Strübel, G. Sagar, B. Wies Impact Parameters on Tire Rolling Resistance under specific consideration of Ambient Temperature S. 89-102

„… stable surface over time due to missing tire and surface abrasion. In addition it is possible to …” „… schemes over a long period of time. The motivation for this defined test procedure is a precise …” „… under real driving condition. The underlying valid hypothesis for this approach is, that ranking and …”

N. Büteröwe, G. Müller, S. Müller, H. Ulmer, S. Reetz Road-Tire Friction Potential Estimation for Heavy-Duty Vehicles S. 197-208

„… .: ‘Development of a real time friction estimation procedure’, in Bargende, M., Reuss, H.-C., Wiedemann, J. (Eds …” „… can only infer the available friction potential at the current time, whereas cause-based methods have …” „… the longitudinal deceleration ax during a 0.5 s time period before the vehicle VDI-Berichte Nr. 2023 …”

M. Winter, G. Leister Erstellung von realen Prüfzyklen für Indoor Reifenverschleiß-Prüfstände auf Basis von GPS-Daten und eines MKS Fahrzeugmodelles S. 145-164

„… Erstellung von realen Prüfzyklen für Indoor Reifenverschleiß-Prüfstände auf Basis von GPS-Daten und …” „… tire must undergo another time-consuming and costly wear test. Classically, the tire wear tests are …” „… shortening of the measurement time compared to an outdoor test and, on the other hand, pays special attention …”

T. Ahrenhold, H. Lausch, J. Iatropoulos, R. Henze Fahrsimulatorstudie zur Akzeptanz von reibwertadaptiven Lenkmomentapplikationen eines Steer-by-Wire Lenksystems für das teilautomatisierte Fahren S. 225-238

„… Lenksystems für das teilautomatisierte Fahren M.Sc. Tim Ahrenhold, M.Sc. Hendryk Lausch, M.Sc. Jannes …” „… ) befestigt ist. Durch den realen Fahrerraum wird ein sehr hoher Immersionsgrad und eine kurze Adaptionszeit …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024256

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - International Conference on Gears 2023

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

International Conference on Gears 2023

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2422 2023

Results in this title

S. Moschkau, S. Held Optimization of product quality and manufacturing processes in real-time with vibration analysis S. 1821-1828

„… Optimization of product quality and manufacturing processes in real-time with vibration analysis …” „… flanks at an early stage to avoid high reworking costs. Real-time monitoring of the production process …” „… based on vibration analysis is one effective method. This paper describes challenges in real-time …”

D. Meyering, C. Hussmann Smart Gearboxes for a Sustainable and Reliable Industry S. 645-658

„… real load cases of some industry fields can be specified more accurate. To obtain a well utilized and …” „… reliable gearbox, the real loads during operation must fit to the presumed load cases. These load cases are …” „… effort is put into a design that is resource-saving, sustainable and at the same time offering the …”

B. Devaux, C. Hamon, S. Montani Evaluation of specialty polymer performances in gear applications and the bias between modeling and testing approaches S. 1515-1532

„… model which computes the evolution of the tooth wear with time. The wear energy density is here …” „… the nominal dimensions of the gear to the ones related to the real gear dimensions (extracted from 3D …” „… scans on real molded parts).VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 202315162. Experimental measurement of the gear …”

L. Binanzer, L. Merkle, M. Dazer, A. Nicola Pitting Detection for Prognostics and Health Management in Gearbox Applications S. 97-108

„… time keep the power output constant [1]. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023982. Fundamentals Many drive …” „… time-consuming repair work. This particularly applies to large gearboxes and appli-cations in remote locations …” „… that time, so they can with-stand a higher load. Thus, the other teeth on the circumference compensate …”

M. Reichl, P. Lenz, A. Oliva Challenges and possibilities of virtual development of e-axle transmissions S. 485-498

„… geometries and kinematics with the required real times.In the following paper an SPH-based simulation method …” „… Fähigkeiten dieses Verfahrens aufgezeigt und die Ergebnisse an einer realen Anwendung im Detail diskutiert.Im …” „… increasing. The number of prototypes must be reduced, since test bench times are expensive and limited …”

T. Jagiella, S. Haller, J. Lechner, T. Rung, M. Wöppermann, B. Zeeb Building a software toolchain for automated mass-customization of specific end-use gear unit parts using AM-driven design guidelines S. 1607-1616

„… simulating real-world application.4. Approach and software functionality The software leverages several …” „… cost, this also leads to shorter manufacturing time because less material needs to be fused during the …” „… support structures.Automation of design and print preparation leads to time savings in CAD-design …”

T. König, L. Cadau, L. Steidle, M. Kley, D. Cansu Güney, J. Albrecht, K. Weber A concept for comparison of new and aged lubricants in transmissions of electric vehicles and a method of oil aging on a test rig S. 1195-1206

„… distinguishes itself by describing a concept for the real-time aging of lubricants in a transmission …” „… deteriorate with increasing operating time. Zeng et al. analyzed the performance degradation of used …” „… as well as the enrichment of acidic substances and insoluble wear debris, occur over time in its …”

K. Lübke, K. Stein Quality inspection of special geometries measured with computed tomography – Evaluation of involute cylindrical gears according to ISO 1328-1 S. 1787-1802

„… tasks like profile, helix and pitch measurements. According to a measurement on a real cmm the surface …” „… one hand computed tomography is known for increased measurement times and issues related to …” „… working with a real part on a cmm. The stylus is a virtual one with a probe diameter equal to zero. With …”

U. Kissling Impact of manufacturing deviations on the NVH behavior of modern gear design concepts S. 367-382

„… to ensure that the real gears perform as designed, will restrict manufacturing deviations as much as …” „… . This increases cycle times and therefore manufacturing costs. This begs the question whether the …” „… required high quality actually produces any real improvements or whether, for example, a well-sized profile …”

C. M. C. G. Fernandes, J. M. A. Pinto, D. E. P. Gonçalves, A. R. Silva Reduction of root and flank temperature using a hybrid polymer-metal rack S. 1547-1562

„… realen Zahnradanwendungen nachahmen, waren sie nützlich, um Materialien zu charakterisieren, Modelle zu …” „… don’t mimic real gear applications they were useful to characterize materials, validate models and …” „… reference rack was achieved, but the VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 20231548testing conditions barely replicate real …”

F. Concli, M. N. Mastrone Latest advancements in the lubrication simulations of geared systems: a technology ready for industrial applications S. 499-518

„… , the real challenge is not anymore to have only time-efficient models for predicting the power …” „… different design solutions already during the design stage can pave the way to a real transition to a …” „… application to real gearboxes is still hurting with the industrial practice. Moreover, new phenomena related …”

S. Matkovič, D. Šeruga, M. Nagode, M. Kalin Prediction of tooth root fatigue failure of polymer gears for dry and oil lubricated contact and its comparison to experimentally obtained results S. 1301-1318

„… bench devices employing gear meshing under controlled parameters, is time- and cost-inefficient. The …” „… reason behind time inefficiency is the length of tests that needs to be performed in order to …” „… thermoplastics is more than 100-times lower, the existing standards and norms cannot be applied for polymer gear …”

T. Kleiber, B. Neubauer Advancing to The Next Level – Cost Efficient Roll-Inspection: Back from End-of-Line NVH to Skiving Process S. 1591-1606

„… is low cycle time – a well-established advantage across the global gear industry. An additional …” „… advantage of 2FI provides standard data in time domain and order analysis in frequency domain. However …” „… machine invest and higher cycle times and difficulties in availability at gear manufacturers. Another …”

H. Yakaria Securing the Quality Chain by the Networking with the Gear Suppliers S. 1617-1630

„… , real-time updates, and prompt responsiveness to errors or user requests. These requirements can be fulfilled …” „… performance. By providing real-time data and insights, it enables ZF and suppliers to identify areas for …” „… development. The wealth of quality data collected throughout the production time holds immense potential to …”

A. Hilligardt, V. Schulze Gear Skiving with Minimum Twist Errors S. 1749-1764

„… efficiency and material utilization. At the same time, the limited space available for mobile applications …” „… in the production of internal gears. For example, main times of only 10 seconds can be achieved for …” „… the width of the workpiece, different center distances are present at the time of workpiece tooth tip …”

J. Zheng, D. Qin, C. Liu A Novel Dynamic Modeling Method of High-Speed Thin-Rimmed Gear Transmission S. 1279-1286

„… dynamics modeling process is shown in Fig. 2. First, in the meshing force calculation model, the real …” „… accelerationRotational effectsTime-varying meshing stiffnessAscertaining the length of meshing lineInertia …” „… , 20231282AmplitudeAmplitudeFrequency(Hz)Time(s)Time and frequency domain diagram comparison of experiment …”

Y. Koch, E. Kirchner, J. Hirschmann Measuring Instantaneous Angular Speed using a Gear Wheel as Material Measure to detect Pitting Damage during an Endurance Test S. 81-96

„… artificial tooth flank damage. Therefore, this contribution focuses on real fatigue pitting damage. A …” „… signals of the MR sensors (MR Pos 3, MR Pos 4, MR Z1, MR Z3, MR B) are time-synchronous recorded with an …” „… shown in Table 1. During the endurance test, endoscopies are carried out at several times to document …”

B. Karba, N. Yildirim Backlash optimization via compatible gear couples on the assembly lines for planetary gearboxes S. 1147-1158

„… installation parameters• Estimating time-varying (one cycle rotation) operating backlash• Determining center …” „… time-varying backlash and constant backlash. The dynamic backlash (time-varying) occurs during meshing effects …” „… ) for each tooth to understand behavior of gears time-varying and/or time-independent. Case study for …”

A. I. Aydeniz Modelling and Analysis of the Effect of Root Modification on Load Sharing and Stress Values on Spur Gears S. 1039-1062

„… represented. 1. Introduction Studies on gear modeling have been going on for a long time. The main purpose of …” „… that occur as a result of these loads, and to determine the dynamic effect. In a real gear mechanism …” „… defects. Therefore, to create a real model, a very complex spatial model is required. Assuming that the …”

S. Ebrahimi, U. Kissling, C. S. Matkovič Evaluation of the NVH Characteristics of Gear Drives with Plastic Gears by the Forced Response Analysis S. 1403-1418

„… time-varying gear meshing stiffness are very sensitive to the damping value of the gear mesh. Mainly three …” „… time-varying damping. In this context, a non-linear damping model with backlash and under no lubrication …” „… pair of low contact ratio spur gears with a time-varying meshing viscous damping with the inclusion of …”

C. Karampatzakis, A. Mihailidis, A. Mantzaflaris, C. Provatidis Contact simulation of tooth flanks using Isogeometric Analysis S. 413-428

„… affects both the accuracy of the results as well as the computational time and resources required. In FE …” „… as half-spaces of constant curvature. This is almost never the case in real-world applications, but …” „… ] offers a compromise between solution time and accura-cy of results. This method approximates one of the …”

U. Cihak-Bayr, T. Wopelka, C. Wintersteiger Effect of LOL conditions under high velocity and high injection temperatures S. 763-778

„… Umfangsgeschwindigkeit bei konstantem Schlupf – auf die Zeit bis zum Versagen (time of failure TOF). Eine Superfinish …” „… on the time of failure (TOF). Frictional energy increased with pressure and with entrainment velocity …” „… of time or decrease at high rotational engine speeds according to the engine characteristics. The …”

L. Klee, T. Bergs, M. Solf, J. Brimmers Binder Jetting in Gears – Process Design and Tooth Bending Strength for Gears made of 17-4PH S. 1665-1680

„… the results verifies the suitability of BJT in gear production for the first time [16]. A pressed and …” „… ambient temperature to the curing temperature TC = 200 °C over a defined period of time tR (ramp time …” „… holding time tH. The process times in the oven can be calculated by the amount of binder used during …”

L. Bonaiti, M. Monti, C. Gorla, M. Geitner, T. Tobie, K. Stahl The consequences of different methodologies for the elaboration of pulsator test results with respect to the load spectrum assessment of gears S. 33-52

„… Festigkeitseigenschaften weitere Effekte aus dem realen Betrieb von Getrieben im Rahmen der praktischen Zahnradauslegung …” „… zwischen dem Pulsatorversuch und dem realen Zahnradeingriff im Lauf berücksichtigt werden. Die vorliegende …” „… verdeutlichen. Die Bewertung basiert auf einer tatsächlichen Lastkollektivmessung unter realen …”

J. König, M. Obermayr, T. Klein Digitalization of the Gear Development Process – Chances, Benefits and Risks S. 1017-1026

„… scarcity of computers, particularly until the 1990s, posed significant challenges. Computing time was …” „… first time through adjustments in product development should be integrated into an interrelated model …” „… , primarily through virtual validation of real-world products. Further, this project serves as an enabler for …”

P. Romio Spur Gear Teeth Reconstruction via Direct Laser Deposition S. 1641-1664

„… FZG-Getriebes unter realem Betrieb zu bewerten. Diese Arbeit beschreibt die Strategie zur Wiederherstellung …” „… study intents to evaluate how this particular combination of materials would perform under real …” „… Deposition track overlap 0.30 Perimeter-core idle time 10 s Inter-layer idle time 27 s Carrier gas 4.0 l/min …”

A. F. İnceel, B. Özkan, B. Karba, M. Vardar A study on the efficiency prediction of a gear bearing drive by means of mathematical modelling S. 1135-1146

„… relevant schematic diagram is depicted in Fig. 2. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2422, 2023 1137Fig. 3: Real torques in …” „… possibility to see the selected transmission ratio and efficiency at the same time with the input power …” „… the tooth flank based real mesh characteristics. - Design and performance analysis will be conducted …”

J. Lohmiller, F. Dobler, M. Wöppermann Investigating different nodular graphite irons for the application of gears – a step towards standardization by using reasonable quality criteria S. 1731-1748

„… heat-treated under real industrial conditions. In doing so, the tension-compression fatigue strength Sf,tc was …” „… nodular cast iron, the test gears were prepared using real components of planetary gear units. Due to the …” „… prepared from planetary carriers, which were cast and heat-treated under real industrial conditions similar …”

M. Ruzek, R. Brun, F. Ville, P. Velex, Y. Marchesse On the reduction of windage power losses in gears by the modification of tooth geometry S. 785-800

„… dimension is 3 times the tooth width. Because of the problem symmetry, only one-half of the real tooth width …” „… , 10-11]. The radial dimension of the domain is taken as 15 times the tooth height, while the axial …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… real-time with vibration analysis 1821S. Moschkau, S. Held, Schaeffler Digital Solutions GmbH, Chemnitz …” „… quality and the time- and cost-benefit ratio.www.vdi.euPreflight Lx3 am August 30, 2023 | 15:31:04 | 148 …” „… : AnalysisA comparison of time and frequency domain approaches for NVH 583J. Langhart, S. Ebrahimi, KISSsoft …”

B.-R. Höhn, Y. Zhang, M. Geitner, M. Otto Efficiency-improvement with low-loss-gears by two different application S. 13-18

„… this type is characterized by a high efficiency as the value of losses of type I is six times higher …” „… real design the value of = 1,05 can be increased for quieter gears (losses become higher!) or helix …”

E. Virtanen, M. Kanerva, G. Szanti Fatigue testing of large sized bevel gears S. 897-906

„… fatigue criteria do exist, they are demanding to calculate or produce unrealistic results compared to real …” „… against lubrication failures. At the same time, due to an unrelated incident with the test rig, the oil …”

L. Amar Review of the definition of the loads for spur and helical gears in standards and handbooks S. 301-314

„… efficiency (by avoiding errors due to misunderstandings, cost and lead times reduction, improved …” „… perspective of the pinion or the gear (see Fig. 7). It does not have a real physical significance and does not …”

J. Zhang, B. Shaw, A. Hammer, I. Sewell Effects of Surface Engineering on the Efficiency of Involute Helical Gears – An Experimental Investigation S. 995-1016

„… real gear meshes when running at no load, EHD and boundary lubrication conditions. The authors also …” „… from spur gears [4], testing helical gears would be more representative to many real applications …” „… test stage. There were 3 phases for each stage. The total running time for an efficiency test was 14.25 …”

J. Lövenich, M. Zalfen, D. Mevissen, J. Brimmers, C. Brecher Crack growth based tooth root life prediction model – an influence quantity analysis S. 109-124

„… 106 and AGMA up to 107 load cycles which is far less than the expected life-time of turbo gearbox …” „… , however, the real scatter of the influencing variables is determined in a comprehensive material …” „… increases the electric resistance [20]. Thus, the change in crack length over time can be determined. The …”

G. Devaraj Vibration reduction of planetary gear drive using mesh phasing: modelling and experimental validation S. 157-174

„… following application case (see Figure 5) concerns a real-life manufactured planetary e-drive set-up on a …” „… section 3.2. Figure 13 shows a short time Fourier transform of a run-up signal collected at one …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024225

Volkan Gezer - A Modular and Scalable Software Reference Architecture for Decentralized Real-Time Execution on Edge Computing

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Volkan Gezer

A Modular and Scalable Software Reference Architecture for Decentralized Real-Time Execution on Edge Computing

Series: Informatik/ Kommunikation

Volume 874 2021

Results in this title

State of the Art S. 11-54

„… its goals. Sec. 2.2 moves into Real‐Time Computing domain, which the thesis aims to connect with Edge …” „… Computing. It also explains its challenges (Sec. 2.2.1) and how the scheduling works on real‐time operating …” „… related work, CM does not target controlling the factories remotely or performing real‐time computations …”

Bibliography S. 129-152

„… 91] Audsley, N. C.; Burns, A.; Richardson, M. F.; Wellings, A. J.: Hard Real‐Time Schedul‐ ing: The …” „… (Teil 2) (Distinctness of Reaction ‐ A Method for the Evaluation of Real‐Time Systems (Part 2 …” „… Oh; Son, S. H.: New strategies for assigning real‐time tasks to multiprocessor systems. IEEE …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… Decentralized Real-Time Execution on Edge Computing M.Sc. Volkan Gezer, Kaiserslautern BAND 1|1 VOLUME …” „… Real‐Time Execution on Edge Computing Dem Fachbereich Maschinenbau und Verfahrenstechnik der Technischen …” „… Scalable Software Reference Architecture for Decentralized Real-Time Execution on Edge Computing …”

Introduction S. 1-10

„… for CPS is an effective, reliable, accurate and real‐time control. In IoT, however, the goal is better …” „… dependency of the systems to the Internet, making real‐ time computation and real‐time control possible, even …” „… communication, whereas solid arrows are real‐ time capable connections. The aim is to execute tasks requested by …”

Conclusion and Outlook S. 116-128

„… architecture for the Edge Servers in the Edge Computing domain, to handle real‐time task requests, and execute …” „… ‐ ments of Edge Computing. Later, it moved to the real‐time computing domain where the thesis is mostly …” „… focused on. It defined the real‐time term, listed its challenges, problems, and how they can be overcome …”

Software Reference Architecture S. 65-82

„… Edge Servers to put Edge Computing benefits such as real‐time execution, self‐configuration …” „… figure, Edge Servers have direct ac‐ cess to the End Devices or each other using real‐time communication …” „… due to the behaviour of Cloud Computing, whereas solid ar‐ rows show real‐time capable communications …”

Implementation and Validation S. 83-115

„… Computing domain. The presented architecture enables execution of real‐time tasks in a scalable, extensible …” „… created framework is later validated with two complex scenarios. This frame‐ work is called Real‐Time Edge …” „… these concepts are realized in an exemplary framework called Real‐Time Edge Frame‐ work (RTEF). The RTEF …”

Scheduling and Decision Making Methodology S. 55-64

„… Cloud Computing, Edge Computing and Real‐ Time Computing were clarified and the state‐of‐the‐art …” „… real‐time proven. Assuming that the service types are periodic and that they satisfy the requirements by Liu …” „… , Least Slack Time (LST) (Sec. 2.2.2) can be used. However, LST cannot optimally schedule non‐resumable …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186874108

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