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VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Schwingungen von Windenergieanlagen 2019

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Schwingungen von Windenergieanlagen 2019

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2346 2019

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A. Bustamante, A. Rieger, F. Peterek, B. Vera-Tudela Loads asymmetry estimation using fos4X turbine load control S. 229-240

„… Loads asymmetry estimation using fos4X turbine load control A. Bustamante, A. Rieger, F …” „… rotor mass imbalance. In [9] the effect of icing on fatigue loads on the whole structure was …” „… model and recommendations from ISO 12494. Authors in [9] found out that load increase is caused by …”

L. Schubert, E. Schulze, B. Weihnacht, B. Frankenstein, T. Henker Zustandsüberwachung an Rotorblättern von Windkraftanlagen mittels Schallemissionsanalyse S. 57-84

„… collect and interpret acoustic emission signals caused by loads and damages. These ultrasonic events are …” „… collected over time, used to determine a frequency distribution and interpreted regarding damage growth …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023464

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Land.Technik AgEng 2017

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Land.Technik AgEng 2017

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2300 2017

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A. Sharda, R. Strasser, M. Rothmund Development and Utilization of a Planter Automatic Downforce Evaluation Test Stand to quantify System Response and Accuracy S. 345-354

„… designed with the capabilities of changing row unit vertical travel as well as load distributions between …” „… wheel/disc load distribution and demand automatic downforce system actuation. The field data included …” „… ) develop a lab-based test stand to evaluate downforce system response time, accuracy, and downforce load …”

F. Balbach, E. Nacke, S. Böttinger Method for load-based evaluation of machines using the example of a tractor S. 521-528

„… , a cumulative load distribution − the load spectrum −, shown in Figure 2 can be generated. Semi …” „… logarithmic axes for frequency distribution are state of the art [4; 5]. Load spectra for tractors are …” „… reference, 3a = Rear axle, 3b = Rear axle reference. Assuming tractor axle load distribution of 40 …”

R. Himmelsbach, B. Volpert, K. Grad Electrified Front-Wheel Drive Concepts for Tractors Designed for Improved Traction Functions S. 31-38

„… standard. Activation based on slip and load condition has also been introduced [3]. However, continuously …” „… example when transporting loads or when steering, is unachievable with an automatic clutch. It improves …” „… interaxle differential. With highly variable axle loads and a constant torque ratio in the differential …”

D. Hast, B. Rosenbaum Predict the unpredictable – Benefits and limits of machine data analytics and component health prediction S. 529-536

„… the vehicle load For example, the load distribution in a travel drive diagram can be directly …” „… statements, concerning the health status of machines or concerning the load distribution for future product …” „… knowledge of both the load cycles and wear conditions of the vehicle and its components. Monitoring load …”

C. Geiger, M. Geimer Efficiency Optimisation of a Forestry Crane by Implement Hydraulics with Energy Recovery S. 175-184

„… energy of the system due to active loads can be reused. Hence, in the first part of this paper, loading …” „… cycles. Figure 2 shows exemplarily for a forest alley the determined distribution of the collected logs …” „… , whereas the centre of the crane pillar is located at x = y = 0 m. The distribution shows clearly the …”

C. Birkmann, T. Fedde, L. Frerichs Influence of the Drive Train and Chassis on Power Shift Operations in Standard Tractors S. 439-446

„… masses, a suspended front axle, a suspended cabin plus seat as well as dynamic axle load distribution …” „… vary, the resulting stiffness varies, too. Depending on the axle load distribution the stiffness is …” „… the load. In case of slipping clutches during the power shift operation the drive train is divided in …”

D. Engelmann, M. R. Unger, M. Geimer Testing and Benchmarking a Powertrain with Independent Wheel Control for Heavy Machinery S. 303-314

„… tractors and wheel loaders, the longitudinal distribution is equipped only with a fixed gear stage acting …” „… loaders. LT3 is expected to improve the performance and augment new functions to the existing ones of …” „… using the MOBiL method. A discussion of the relevant results obtained for tractors and wheel loaders …”

M. Peeters, V. Kloster, T. Fedde, L. Frerichs Integrated wheel load measurement for tractors S. 423-430

„… front/rear load distribution can be displayed to the driver and used for further assistant systems for …” „… Integrated wheel load measurement for tractors M.Sc. Michael Peeters, Dr.-Ing. Viktor Kloster …” „… today. A minimum axle load is the sweet spot for soil protection, whereas a certain weight is necessary …”

W. Stark, C. Pieke Efficiency Optimization by Using “Vehicle in the Loop” Test Methodology S. 399-406

„… plus a hydraulic load unit. The test environment allows the replication of customer applications by …” „… useful PTO work, providing high hydraulic load capability and (3) selecting an optimum travel speed for …” „… effective solution for evaluation of the complete tractor efficiency. Fig. 1: Energy flow distribution …”

S. Meyer, M. Liebich, P. Martella Counting seeds in air seeders zu Hoberge, S. 323-328

„… longitudinal distribution of the seed. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2300, 2017 323 Design and functionality of the sensor …” „… mechanical interfaces of the different distribution heads and can substitute the existing fixture of the seed …” „… casting resin and installed directly under the distribution unit, well-sheltered from environmental …”

M. Sieting, J. Krüger, H. J. Meyer Evaluation of a Suspension Concept of a Hydropneumatic Full Suspended Tractor with Focus on the Dymnamics in Combination with Implements S. 281-290

„… result, the TUB-Trac - independently of its mass distribution - has a different dynamic behavior than …” „… linkage is carried out by using the cutting loads at the fictitious connecting point A of the tractor …” „… rms-value of the rear axle and chassis acceleration and the dynamic wheel-load coefficient for the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… . Yatskul, Reasons of irregularity of seed’s distribution in the divider 337 J.-P. Lemiere heads of …” „… development of a narrow 417 track tractor Traction M. Peeters, Integrated wheel load measurement for …” „… powertrains 513 F. Balbach, Method for load-based evaluation of machines using the 521 E. Nacke, example of a …”

S. Krieger, E. Schnur, M. M. Brenninger The Potential of CVTs in Tracked Tractors around 400 hp S. 135-142

„… account right away from scratch. The weight distribution front to rear is very important for the …” „… applications and always with the perfect weight distribution. The ‘-A’ solutions are regarded to have a …” „… drivetrain of the standard tractor is not prepared for the loads of a tracked vehicle, the rework of the …”

D.-J. Stapel 4-row potato harvester based on a mirrored product flow concept S. 505-512

„… dimensions, getting the weight distribution right and to pass obstacles in the field. Building the machine …” „… right weight distribution, folding the cleaners to get in road dimensions and integrating a crab …” „… distribution for the machine. One of the major requirements for potato harvesters is keeping the first sieving …”

J. Engström, O. Lagnelöf Battery electric autonomous agricultural machine – Simulation of all operations on a Swedish farm S. 15-22

„… . Here wagons are modelled for transport and their collection, loading, unloading and distribution of …” „… goods. Max power requirements, energy use, load capacity and costs are calculated. Costs are based on …” „… using MS Excel and Evolutionary Solver. 4. Results The simulation resulted in a distribution of …”

J. Ettl, H. Bernhardt, K. Thuneke, E. Remmele, P. Emberger, G. Huber Real driving emissions of tractors during field work and on the test stand S. 391-398

„… mobile machinery (NRMM) such as tractors, excavators or loaders have been increasingly tightened in …” „… emission limits for non-road mobile machinery (NRMM), like tractors, excavators or loaders have been …” „… id e C O 2 VDI-Berichte Nr. 2300, 2017 395 Fig. 4: Distribution of engine speed, torque and …”

J. Mengele Field test validation as part of the development of a narrow track tractor S. 417-422

„… distribution and maneuverability, making driving easier in difficult terrain. The rear point linkage at the …” „… components. Especially the very high number of implements cause highly differing effects and loads on the …” „… adjusted in multifunction display. Reversing is possible at full engine speed and at full load. Field …”

W. Breu, B. Pichlmaier Electrified Utility Tractor S. 9-14

„… hours with one charge under its typical load spectrum. It also has to deliver reliability for about up …” „… temperatures. The power distribution unit (PDU), which interlinks the high voltage components, is fixed next to …”

C. Korn, T. Herlitzius Coupled CFD-DEM simulation of separation process in combine harvester cleaning devices S. 199-210

„… and modeling. Introduction and state of the art The load on the cleaning device of combine …” „… determined and the mean particle mass and the distribution are calculated. The distribution of the particle …” „… dimensions and related properties (e.g. mass) are implemented in Star-CCM+v9.06 by normal distribution …”

A. Bürger, S. Böttinger Driving comfort analysis of an agricultural tractor with the Hohenheim Tyre Model on complex tracks S. 263-272

„… weights, 40/60 weight distribution), a tyre inflation pressure of pi = 1.2 bar and a driving velocity of …” „… , 40/60 weight distribution). Ultimately, the potential of this architecture in comparison to the …” „… possibilities of tractors built in trac-architecture (cabin in the vehicle centre, 50/50 weight distribution …”

A. Meiners, S. Häberle, S. Böttinger Advancement of the Hohenheim Tractor Model – Adaption on current demands S. 245-254

„… harvester, wheel loader As an approach for these simulation models, the Hohenheim Tractor Model based on …” „… assessment of the power distribution between the components is carried out supported by literature research …” „… , cf. figure 2. Fig. 2: Power distribution at a tractor implement combination while cultivation …”

K. J. Shinners, J. C. Friede, J. R. McAfee, D. E. Flick, N. C. Lacy, C. M. Nigon Conventional and Novel, New Approaches to Creating High-Density Biomass Bales S. 367-374

„… because of the relatively high-frequency of the tremendous applied loads. What is proposed here are …” „… ). Specially shaped auger compactor housing section for effecting even distribution of material into …”

P. Hannukainen, R. Åman Biomethane as tractor fuel – Opportunities for customer, manufacturer or climate S. 355-366

„… loader work at farm - Light constant work i.e. included grass mowing MEKA project concluded that dual …” „… : Distribution of tractor operations in field testing [11]. Project conclusions were supplementary to results …” „… . Figure 5 shows major distribution of farm energy demand [12]. Fig. 5: Farm energy demand [12 …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023006

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Gleit- und Wälzlagerungen 2017

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Gleit- und Wälzlagerungen 2017

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2308 2017

Results in this title

F. König, G. Jacobs, G. Burghardt Einlaufverhalten von Gleitlagern im Start-Stopp-Betrieb S. 53-62

„… production 1 2 3 VDI-Berichte Nr. 2308, 201756 Table 3: Example of a load revolution distribution (LRD …” „… representative load cases during gearbox test runs, the bearing behaviour was parameterized by measuring oil …” „… materials have a higher load caring capacity and are thereby resulting in a more compact bearing. Table …”

X. Ai, J. Rhodes, T. Klaehn, E.-D. Oprescu Virtual Bearing Life Test S. 97-102

„… with finite element (FE) modeling of the test rig where load acting on each bearing is obtained (step …” „… a). The bearing loads include both radial and axial direction depending on the settings of test …” „… bearings. Detailed FE models for test bearings are also built with finer mesh grid where load …”

D. Vaes, P. Tesini, K. Stadler Evaluation of roller slip losses in wind turbine gearbox high speed shaft bearings S. 283-298

„… speeds are measured at various operating conditions: different load levels, oil flows, oil temperature …” „… this model, roller slip is evaluated at low load and high speed conditions such as found in wind …” „… ]. Excessive roller slip happens when the bearing is operating at low load and high speed. In a sufficiently …”

P. Sauvage, G. Jacobs, B. Lüneburg Calculation model for evaluation of slippage in large diameter bearings – A combined analytical-numerical evaluation of the post-hardening risk due to slippage in large diameter bearing S. 219-230

„… bearings of direct drive turbine shows that specific mechanical loads and working conditions can perturb …” „… supports the weight of the hub and the blades as well as wind loads acting on the blades. These loads …” „… ]. Despite the bearing preload, the repartition of the outer ring loads on the rollers resulting from this …”

T. Kiekbusch, B. Magyar, B. Sauer Multi-Ebenen-Simulation zur Berechnung der lokalen Lebensdauer in hochbelasteten Wälzkontakten S. 103-112

„… ] with regard to material fatigue. Among other things different loads, lubrication conditions or …” „… conditions, like pressure distribution, slip and shear stresses for every contact in the bearing. These …” „… , B.: Methods for the simulation of the pressure, stress, and temperature distribution in the contact …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023082

VDI-Wissensforum GmbH - DRITEV – Drivetrain for Vehicles 2021

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VDI-Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

DRITEV – Drivetrain for Vehicles 2021

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2381 2021

Results in this title

P. Barve Gear Design Challenges of 2-speed-AMT High Torque E-Drives S. 499-516

„… load distribution, and mesh stiffness variation. However, the microgeometry correction needed for good …” „… on the Load Distribution Factor and on Gear Contact and Root Stresses. Gear Technology, July 2009 …” „… . 3: 2-Speed AMT gearbox Layout Fig. 4: Design Process A multi-load case duty cycle is …”

S. Kaimer Power to the Wheels – Challenges and Benefits of Electrified AWD for EVs and Hybrid vehicles S. 117-124

„… approaching maximum load, little or no additional left torque is left for lateral distribution. This is no …” „… dynamics via longitudinal or lateral distribution of torque were not in focus, fuel efficiency not too …” „… made it possible to vary axle torque from 100 percent on the rear axle up to a 50:50 distribution …”

F. Bayer, J. Tochtermann Development of a Heavy-Duty E-Axle S. 621-636

„… further to the front of the vehicle. The pressure filter, the valve block and the distribution of the oil …” „… find feasible solutions. As such, the bearing loads were separated and distributed to different …” „… bearings. Fig. 9 shows the chosen bearing arrangement. The radial loads are supported by cylinder roller …”

C. Schörghuber, M. Ortner, J. Pell, S. Pretsch Holistic system design and operation of a fuel cell truck based on an innovative energy management S. 685-700

„… operation with high temperatures, high dynamic load changes, low power operation (idle mode) and during …” „… e-motor power supply for dynamic load changes which VDI-Berichte Nr. 2381, 2021688 are depending on the …” „… most of the time below one kph. In the following three diagrams the electric power load point …”

T. Skubacz, C. Burkhardt, S. Krischke Shift Elements for Electric and Hybrid Drivetrains – Shift elements with low drag losses, high actuation energy efficiency and integrated overload protection S. 487-498

„… components. Switching elements either implement different load paths, e.g. transmission pathways, or serve …” „… powertrain components, overload protection or damping elements are useful to limit load peaks in special …” „… driving situations (dynamic change in wheel force distribution, e.g. curb launch, railroad crossings …”

A. Fröhlcke, M. Felbermaier, A. Britten, P. Fietkau Finite element approach for analyzing noise and vibration in electric drives S. 47-60

„… occupants perceive as a disturbance, especially in low load ranges. Fig. 1: Campbell diagram of a …” „… FE-based approach has the major advantage in that a drive’s elastic behavior under load can be precisely …” „… to small changes in the system’s load based elastic deformation during a revolution of the rotor and …”

A. Bagh, D. Magnor, J. Kneiber, F. Löhe eTransport – Application of axle-integrated e-drive in urban LCV and MD trucks S. 637-652

„… carried out during load carrying capacity tests on a special axle test rig. In the test cycle applied in …” „… direction. The axle test rig allows load application in the form of a quasi-static variation of the …” „… vertical load FV as well as a dynamic variation of wheel speed nwheel and wheel torque Mwheel. The …”

B. Krüger, G. Filomeno, D. Dennin, P. Tenberge Holistic Design of All-Wheel Drive Electric Powertrains Using a Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm S. 377-394

„… disconnect unit at one axle, enables to decouple this axle when driving at part-load conditions, which …” „… maximum torque or minimal loss, resulting in a full load torque curve and a respective efficiency map …” „… from in- to output shaft, which is subject to loaddependent and load-independent losses and is modelled …”

F. Müller-Deile Advanced design of electric machines for trailers with electric axles S. 653-668

„… non-optimal weight distribution. Fig. 8: Frame mounted e-machine A high-speed electric motor concept …” „… system can be reduced compared to a frame mounted e-machine. The weight distribution of this concept is …” „… torques of the ICE. To optimize the fuel savings traction support during partial load of the ICE should …”

R. R. Kasibhatla, P. Neidhardt, K. Caliskan Thermal Simulation according to Maturity Level in E-Drive Development S. 61-76

„… . 2381, 202164 distribution in the system, heat transfer paths and pressure drop in the cooling circuitry …” „… distribution in an electric drive is also a main topic of interest. The temperature homogeneity in …” „… distribution in a series production ZF electric axle b. Multiphase simulations Cooling of an electric drive …”

M. Häßler, O. Werner The Pendulum Rocker Damper – Providing flexible damper characteristics for hybrid powertrains S. 329-346

„… distance from the axis of rotation. Structurally separating idle and full load damper and settings with …” „… example, during charging mode at low loads. The hybridized powertrain poses new challenges, but also …” „… of inertia distributions and elasticities in the powertrain plays an important role here. In …”

Z. Caba, M. Zafer, C. Harman, G. Hellenbroich, Ö. Eyigöz Multi-speed e-axle for electrified heavy commercial vehicles S. 609-620

„… . Load distribution between electric motors was considered during the optimization, including fully …”

J. De Landtsheere TREMEC HYbrid DRive Axle – HYDRA – Hybridization enables RWD dynamics in a FWD car S. 125-144

„… acceleration. In the case of the combined mechanical AWD+P4 layout, the distribution is heavily rear biased …” „… , resulting in superior acceleration. In dynamic cornering conditions, the reduced torque load on the front …” „… as benefits, amongst others, improved weight distribution, more efficient electric driving (no main …”

A. Albers, M. Behrendt, J. Köber, T. Breitinger Development of a method for the automated validation of the shift quality of modern dual clutch transmissions on full-vehicle test benches S. 399-414

„… subjective assessment [13]. Due to the described performance and distribution of the tool in the automotive …” „… of research, which in turn cover all driving modes (normal, sport, race), loads and operating states …” „… of the shift quality, as it ensures that the load change has no unwanted influence on the evaluation …”

E. Schneider, C. Danzer, E. Schreiterer Modular and highly functional Hybrid Platform for subcompact cars up to full-size SUV S. 191-206

„… been quantified by considering all combinations of sales distributions, in order to take account of the …” „… single fleet configuration (point in the data cloud) includes a segment-specific distribution of the …” „… types needed for the WtW-optimum scenario shown in Fig. 4 as well as the vehicle-specific distribution …”

A. Ramsauer, A. Pujari Frontloading for (Hybrid-) Transmission Integration at BMW S. 101-116

„… include extreme values, basic statistics of the distribution of the time series, correlations and many …” „… after a load addition. There are quantitative targets for such maneuvers at the BMW Group. Comfort …” „… gearshifts over the entire speed and load range and thus the characterization of a vehicle. The …”

H. Wittig, J. Engasser, A. Glavinic AEROFLEX – Distributed Hybrid Drivetrain for Long Haul Freight Vehicles S. 593-608

„… stability guard function restricts the room for torque distribution. In each trailer unit a Local System …” „… project and the test load was fixed at 30.297 kg. Due to delays in the development and construction of …” „… vehicle configuration, while the improvement is partly influenced by the higher load capacity. Table …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023815

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ELIV 2023

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2423 2023

Results in this title

O. Schmidt, K. Albers, P. Rehkop, R. Münzenberger Strategically Migrating, Mapping and Scaling Software to new SoC, domain and zone architectures and HPC S. 169-184

„… observable timing behavior. One starting point can be OS based periodic load estimations and distributions on …” „… , middleware and OS play a significant role. The classical way of thinking focuses on CPU load only. This is a …” „… increasing role in achieving this, superseding the view that CPU load is the primary metric. As a result …”

D. Nardo, G. Aiello, F. Gennaro Analysis of WBG based hybrid semiconductors approach for bidirectional PFC in On-board charger applications S. 223-234

„… grid operation mode (V2G) or vehicle to load (V2L). Thus, the power flow in the modern OBC is …” „… distribution requires quantifying the conduction and switching characteristics. Conduction losses evaluation …” „… analysis to define losses contribution and distribution is provided in for each topology [1]. Multilevel …”

P. Fietkau, L. Diebolder Challenges in the Synchronous Development of Software, Hardware and Mechanics for Drive Systems S. 559-572

„… specifying the torques, all-wheel drive distributions, etc. If changes occur in the software here, the …” „… software. The software control logics of the inverter, the operating point selection or even the load …” „… vehicle and only with the customer's consent. Examples of analyses include the distribution of routes …”

M. Wegener, R. Savelsberg, A. Alberti, G. Cechini, L. Schäfers, K. Badalian, S. Pischinger A Cloud-based Self-Learning Digital Twin Solution for Increasingly Accurate Range Prediction in Battery Electric Vehicles S. 103-112

„… can be calculated. Furthermore, the load profile for every component and a detailed loss distribution …” „… the vehicle’s load profile, enabling the implementation of residual range prediction. An automation of …” „… . Additionally, by the accurate load-profile prediction further long-term predictive strategies such as …”

J. Hansson, L. Henderson, M. Sadeghi Kati, D. Möller, S. Ray, S. Schoutissen Safe and efficient regenerative braking strategies for BEV heavy vehicle combinations S. 91-102

„… service brake system configured to distribute the braking force proportional to the axle load, i.e., on …” „… to the load on each respective axle, thus utilizing the available friction equally on all wheels. UN …” „… imposed in time. The friction limit depends on both the tyre vertical load and the tyre-road friction …”

K. Eliasch, Dr. P. Friedel, D. Li, D. Shan Cooperative Perception Services to Improve the Safety of Road Users S. 347-364

„… . Meanwhile, the V2X as technology is focusing on information distribution. Situational perception of a …” „… Normal Load Full Load Normal Load Full Load 1 36 28 278 401 2 40 34 262 389 3 46 46 216 303 4 53 46 251 …” „… ms Normal Load Full Load Normal Load Full Load 1 87 59 466 487 2 106 69 437 490 3 116 88 450 512 4 …”

A. Hensel, D. Derix, J. Bornwasser Power electronic system technology for future high-power charging systems on highways or large inner-city electric charging stations with several MVA system size S. 235-246

„… . The DC distribution design allows for high peak loads, which means that the charging stations do not …” „… inner-city electric charging stations with several MVA system size DC Distribution grid for fast charging …” „… to 1250 V and 1 - 3 kA. Due to the DC distribution bus with 1.5 kVDC, the cable effort in the overall …”

M. Bornemann, F. Baumann Sustainable Software Development for Cloud-Native Vehicles S. 519-532

„… that control the connected loads. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2423, 2023520Because they can handle functions such …” „… as power distribution, external and internal illumination, climate control and seat control, zone …” „… ) which is the compute node for power management, body control, software distribution and management …”

O. Meyer, B. Böhlen Mastering the software update complexity of modern vehicles S. 199-210

„… types (e.g., boot loader, application, data / calibration) and each flash type can be filled with …” „… to their distribution resonates with the evolving landscape of SDVs. The software development process …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024232

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