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VDI-Wissensforum GmbH - DRITEV – Drivetrain for Vehicles 2021

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VDI-Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

DRITEV – Drivetrain for Vehicles 2021

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2381 2021

Results in this title

D. Lechleitner, M. Hofstetter, M. Hirz, C. Gsenger, K. Huber Parking Lock Integration for Electric Axle Drives by Multi-Objective Design Optimization S. 303-318

„… . shafts, bearings and gear wheels). These loads need to be considered in the design phase to prevent a …” „… result in higher loads and require larger shafts, bearings and gear wheels than the optimum. This in turn …” „… velocities and while driving downhill, VDI-Berichte Nr. 2381, 2021 303 leading to high loads on the e-drive …”

P. Barve Gear Design Challenges of 2-speed-AMT High Torque E-Drives S. 499-516

„… Load 50% of Max Load Low load Design v00 nominal pinion/wheel Crowning=16/16 Lead Slope=‐35/0 …” „… . 3: 2-Speed AMT gearbox Layout Fig. 4: Design Process A multi-load case duty cycle is …” „… created from measured road load data and drive cycle simulation. The duty cycle is used to calculate the …”

A. Bagh, D. Magnor, J. Kneiber, F. Löhe eTransport – Application of axle-integrated e-drive in urban LCV and MD trucks S. 637-652

„… vertical load FV as well as a dynamic variation of wheel speed nwheel and wheel torque Mwheel. The …” „… Wheel Machine M8 Pressure Air Suspension Bellow Vertical Load ACaption Specimen Test Rig GearboxGB …” „… wheel connection, the vertical load on both sides of the axle is exerted on the hub using an additional …”

S. Kaimer Power to the Wheels – Challenges and Benefits of Electrified AWD for EVs and Hybrid vehicles S. 117-124

„… Power to the Wheels – Challenges and Benefits of Electrified AWD for EVs and Hybrid vehicles …” „… Simon Kaimer, Magna Powertrain GmbH & Co. KG, Lannach, Austria Since the 1950s, all-wheel drive …” „… 1987, Mercedes-Benz launched the W124, with the 4Matic all-wheel drive system developed by Magna Steyr …”

A. Drechsel, J. Pellkofer, K. Stahl, J. Sandor, M. Hein Development of a new test method to investigate the wear behaviour of hypoid gear oils S. 453-468

„… conditioning phase and a gear testing phase. Both phases take place at constant wheel load and wheel speed …” „… . Since it is generally not possible to determine the influence of the lubricant on the load carrying …” „… to load carrying capacity and efficiency. The hypoid offset leads to sliding in tooth lengthwise …”

B. Krüger, G. Filomeno, D. Dennin, P. Tenberge Holistic Design of All-Wheel Drive Electric Powertrains Using a Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm S. 377-394

„… Holistic Design of All-Wheel Drive Electric Powertrains Using a Multi-Objective Optimization …” „… aufzuzeigen. Abstract In this paper, all-wheel drive (AWD) systems in battery electric vehicles (BEVs …” „… driven by a central engine, electric all-wheel drive systems are realized as axle split systems. Both …”

F. Langhammer, A. Kappes, A. Viehmann, S. Rinderknecht Novel “Two-Drive-Transmission for Long-Range” Powertrain: Ecology and Efficiency meet Driving Comfort S. 207-228

„… needed between all drive units and the wheels. The shifting elements C1 and C2 (both with three shift …” „… idler wheels of first and second speed share one cogwheel on the differential cage as well as third and …” „… drive are located between all drive units and the wheels. In this specific layout, connecting the ICE …”

M. Hein, J. Pellkofer, K. Michaelis, T. Tobie, K. Stahl, D. Kadach Test method A/16,6/90 with injection lubrication for discriminating different lubricants for dual-clutch transmissions S. 437-452

„… completed without reaching the failure criterion and the loss of mass of the wheel after passing load stage …” „… test (mass loss of the wheel < 20 mg) has to be checked after load stage 12, 13 and 14. - Higher or …” „… lubricant tests for evaluating the scuffing load capacity (for example according to ISO 14635) are suitable …”

T. Skubacz, C. Burkhardt, S. Krischke Shift Elements for Electric and Hybrid Drivetrains – Shift elements with low drag losses, high actuation energy efficiency and integrated overload protection S. 487-498

„… wheel-integrated (P5). Depending on their position, this provides boosting, sailing, recuperation, charging while …” „… components. Switching elements either implement different load paths, e.g. transmission pathways, or serve …” „… powertrain components, overload protection or damping elements are useful to limit load peaks in special …”

R. Resch, C. Danzer, A. Poppitz, T. Pirkl Alternative drivetrains for sustainable commercial vehicles S. 669-684

„… volumes, thus enabling lower prices for these components. Depending on the vehicles load profile the EDU …” „… ) and for conventional diesel ICE. In order to assess more than the Tank-to-Wheel (TtW) balance of the …” „… lengths in a product life cycle, where CO2e emissions are generated [TtW, Well-to-Wheel (WtW …”

M. Muether, B. Heuser, L. Virnich, A. Guedden, T. Luediger, D. van der Put Development trends towards CO2-neutral powertrains for HD applications S. 529-550

„… propulsion technologies that enable “Tank-to-Wheel” zero CO2 emissions, as well as their main challenges …” „… Tank-to-Wheel legislation carbon-free or low-carbon fuels produced from renewable sources are coming into focus …” „… operation and deviations in the rel. AFR at increasing load are a major challenge. FEV is carrying out …”

A. Albers, M. Behrendt, J. Köber, T. Breitinger Development of a method for the automated validation of the shift quality of modern dual clutch transmissions on full-vehicle test benches S. 399-414

„… the torque on the wheel or drive train, gearshifts are subdivided into drive or coast gearshifts. If …” „… torques of each wheel and the correlating tire models. Taking the vehicle mass into account, the …” „… actuators on the shafts between the wheel flange and the dyno are used to reproduce a more accurate …”

J. De Landtsheere TREMEC HYbrid DRive Axle – HYDRA – Hybridization enables RWD dynamics in a FWD car S. 125-144

„… road with a two-wheel drive layout. In VDI-Berichte Nr. 2381, 2021 125 recent years, more and more …” „… an on-demand system, only sending power to the rear wheels when the vehicle controls system decides …” „… wheel grip, but perhaps more important, the front-rear torque split remains front-biased under full …”

T. Hillesheim Energy-efficient Hydraulic Control for the Multi-speed Transmission of an Electric Vehicle S. 319-328

„… at medium and high loads. Shifting the corner point towards higher speeds and lower wheel torques …” „… low-load range and an overall shorter range for a certain battery size. The automotive industry is …” „… : Maximum wheel torque and driving velocity for a compact electric vehicle equipped with a two-speed …”

S. Dussinger, T. Wiedemann, B. Harter, B. Wiedenmann Simulation of induced axial forces on planet gear bearings at example of ZF’s 8-speed automatic transmission S. 469-486

„… model for gear set 1. It consists of the inner sun shaft and wheel, four planets with carrier, a ring …” „… models 1 and 2 differ with respect to the location of the kinematic rotation load, the output moment and …” „… magnitude of the kinematic rotation and load moment differ between the two models. Fig. 5: Models gear …”

Z. Caba, M. Zafer, C. Harman, G. Hellenbroich, Ö. Eyigöz Multi-speed e-axle for electrified heavy commercial vehicles S. 609-620

„… fuel instead of diesel fuel to achieve reduction of well-to-wheel CO2 by 50% to 90% depending on HVO …” „… . Load distribution between electric motors was considered during the optimization, including fully …” „… power from the twin e-motors to the vehicle wheels and consists of four main sub-systems: Twin …”

X. Zhang, F. Küçükay Driveability optimization of electrified powertrains utilizing machine learning based control and the interaction with ADAS/AD systems S. 361-376

„… here as well. When the power demand is high, the wheel is directly connected to the ICE via a clutch …” „… , strange is that the DHT has particularly large backlash during load changes and jerk after reaching the …” „… from the gearbox to the wheels. In this paper, to better study the dynamic characteristics of the …”

C. Schmidt, H. Dhejne, J. Karlsson High Efficient 2 speed e-Axle – Highly efficient and shiftable under load S. 145-158

„… High Efficient 2 speed e-Axle Highly efficient and shiftable under load Christian Schmidt …” „… actuation system based on a drum shift to ensure shift under load and easy controllability - Mechanical …” „… ) with single layer V-shape magnets has been optimized to match the load points from the 2speed gear box …”

E. Schneider, C. Danzer, E. Schreiterer Modular and highly functional Hybrid Platform for subcompact cars up to full-size SUV S. 191-206

„… tank-to-wheel balancing (TtW). But carbon-neutral mobility can only be achieved by 2050 if most of the …” „… extended from the wheel at least VDI-Berichte Nr. 2381, 2021 191 to the fuel or energy source …” „… (chemical/electrical), known as well-to-wheel (WtW). An honest comparison of the powertrain concepts needs to consider …”

H. Wittig, J. Engasser, A. Glavinic AEROFLEX – Distributed Hybrid Drivetrain for Long Haul Freight Vehicles S. 593-608

„… electronic control unit. Each wheel of the axle is driven by a liquid cooled asynchronous motor that is …” „… connected to the wheel with an additional gear stage. Although separate traction converters power the EMGs …” „… , torque requests to the driven axle are distributed equally between the left and right wheel whereby a …”

G. Gao, D. Schöneberger, S. Rinderknecht Development of an innovative and modular test bench to analyse gear shifts in electrified powertrains S. 415-436

„… achieve more generality, no gear wheels of specific transmission should be assembled on the test bench …” „… differential speed Disengagement with load Precise angle synchronization HiL with other control units …” „… process with load, another requirement is to provide the shaft at standstill with 20 Nm torque. The third …”

N. Mueller Electrification of heavy commercial vehicles from the perspective of a bodybuilder S. 555-560

„… the engine flywheel via the torque converter housing. With the help of a sturdy gear wheel, the …” „… power at which pulse width modulation (PWM) drives a load. The pulse frequency is the frequency that …” „… at a standard load spectrum are also very divergent from each other depending on the working step of …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… to the Wheels – Challenges and Benefits of Electrified AWD for EVs and Hybrid vehicles …” „… shiftable under load� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 145 C. Schmidt, H. Dhejne, AVL List GmbH …” „… Holistic Design of All-Wheel Drive Electric Powertrains Using a Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm …”

F. Bayer, J. Tochtermann Development of a Heavy-Duty E-Axle S. 621-636

„… transmission with 2 shafts. Both e-motors are identical and both paths are connected to the gear wheel at the …” „… find feasible solutions. As such, the bearing loads were separated and distributed to different …” „… bearings. Fig. 9 shows the chosen bearing arrangement. The radial loads are supported by cylinder roller …”

G. Herbillon Performances Validation of an electrically-commanded dog clutch system for multi-speed and disconnectable eDrives S. 255-274

„… eDrives in order to reach vehicle performances (high wheels torque and high vehicle top speed) without …” „… disconnection clutch should be inserted as close as possible to the wheels in order to eliminate most of these …” „… disconnect the complete gear set from the wheels, and therefore get rid of gears churning losses, and …”

M. Häßler, O. Werner The Pendulum Rocker Damper – Providing flexible damper characteristics for hybrid powertrains S. 329-346

„… distance from the axis of rotation. Structurally separating idle and full load damper and settings with …” „… example, during charging mode at low loads. The hybridized powertrain poses new challenges, but also …” „… misfiring or wheel excitation (e.g. uneven road in conjunction with ABS braking). If hybrid drivetrains do …”

M. Giannantonio, S. Henzler, S. Rinderknecht Advanced Design of Dedicated Hybrid Drivetrains S. 77-100

„… packed, load capacity-fulfilling and collision-free design within the installation space of defined …” „… maximum torque and speed for every component are calculated for the full-load characteristic by deriving …” „… propulsion machines are ready to use. The analysis module calculates the maximum loads and speeds of every …”

C. Schörghuber, M. Ortner, J. Pell, S. Pretsch Holistic system design and operation of a fuel cell truck based on an innovative energy management S. 685-700

„… operation with high temperatures, high dynamic load changes, low power operation (idle mode) and during …” „… e-motor power supply for dynamic load changes which VDI-Berichte Nr. 2381, 2021688 are depending on the …” „… considered vehicle weight and maximum 330 kW wheel power respectively. In the result plots in Fig. 6 and Fig …”

F. Müller-Deile Advanced design of electric machines for trailers with electric axles S. 653-668

„… vehicle status information like vehicle (part) masses, wheel and vehicle speeds, accelerator pedal …” „… torques of the ICE. To optimize the fuel savings traction support during partial load of the ICE should …” „… . An induction machine (IM) has relatively low no load losses and a high efficiency at high speed but …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023815

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - AgEng LAND.TECHNIK 2022

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

AgEng LAND.TECHNIK 2022

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2406 2022

Results in this title

V. Ernst, J. Schwehn, N. Ebertshauser, S. Böttinger Investigations on the rolling resistance of tractor tires using coast down tests S. 581-588

„… outer parameter like wheel pressure and wheel load for a specific set of tires on a vehicle. The …” „… adapted lug profile (Table 1). Rolling resistance for a certain tire mainly depends on its wheel load …” „… wheel load. Single vehicles and vehicle-implement-combinations can be tested. For this purpose, during a …”

S. Gros-Hardt, H. Korte Smart Traction – Design And Experimental Set up of a Track and Traction-Regulated Caterpillar-Track Chassis for Agricultural Tractor-Trailer Combinations S. 589-594

„… the loads homogeneously across the area. However, when used in crops or on grassland, a large contact …” „… precise steering [1]. Therefore, a wheel- or caterpillar track-based chassis is and remains the means for …” „… sustainable and thus soil-friendly driving on agricultural land. Wheels are more cost-effective than …”

H. W. Griepentrog, A. Stana, D. Reiser Concept and performance of an autonomous precision seeder for grain crops – Optimization of seed embedding into the soil S. 561-566

„… motor is executing the depth control. A load cell was added to measure the recompaction force of the …” „… wheel. The compaction wheel covers the seeds with soil and compacts the loose soil in order to get good …”

O. Lagnelöv, G. Larsson, A. Larsolle, P.-A. Hansson Electric tractors – Sustainable and Profitable? Economic and environmental impact of autonomy and electric drivelines in agriculture S. 189-196

„… have been made on the economic impact of on-farm compact loaders [7], hybrid tractors [8, 9] and …” „… . Rydberg, "Well-to-wheel LCI data for HVO fuels on the Swedish market," f3 - The Swedish knowledge centre …” „… centre.se/sv/forskningsprojekt/well-to-wheel-livscykeldata-for-hvo-branslen-pa-den-svenska-marknaden/ VDI-Berichte Nr. 2406, 2022 195 VDI-Berichte Nr. 2406, 2022196 …”

B. Pölling, J. Steiner, C.-P. Stickel Development of a new structural undercarriage for combine harvesters S. 31-40

„… (wheel configuration, crawler track configuration or side hill levelling). The existing Specified …” „… through several reinforcement elements in order to transfer the high loads at this point (Fig. 3, second …”

M. Trimmel, E. Eder, P. Riegler-Nurscher, K. Schedle Prospective Thermal Processing of Soybeans Using a Bean Characteristic Model S. 541-548

„… heating elements can be adjusted in pairs in 1°C steps. A fan wheel operated by a stepper motor allows …” „… container mounted on load cells. Appropriate sensors and monitoring equipment allow the acquisition and …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024065

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Dritev – Drivetrain For Vehicles 2018

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Dritev – Drivetrain For Vehicles 2018

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2328 2018

Results in this title

U. Reichert, F. Busch, S. Ott, K. Bause Potential of lightweight design of a vehicle transmission by usage of high strength steels

„… as load case. Considered components are the shafts, bearings, gear wheels, synchronizations and the …” „… are significantly greater than the tension/pressure load. For dimensioning the gear wheels, the …” „… reduce the diameter of the gear wheels. If the load, gear ratio and safety factors are the same again, a …”

C. Schmahl, W. Hildebrandt, D. Reith The impact of efficiency enhanced drivetrain components on the energy consumption of electric and conventional vehicles

„… a compact-class front-wheel drive vehicle, a first version of which has a conventional drive (1.4 …” „… (ie the internal combustion engine or the electric engine) to the wheel. In coast mode, significant …” „… then occurs from the wheels to the battery, ie the efficiency of the mechanical drivetrain is also …”

J.-M. Veith, B. Krüger, A. Albers, M. Behrendt Torque prediction in vehicle drive trains based on bus signals using artificial neural networks

„… vehicle configuration. This may include the vehicle load and available tire-wheel-combinations, as well as …” „… : Catalogue with exemplary marked manoeuver manoeuvers acceleration engine gearbox tire / wheel load …” „… . VDI-Berichte Nr. 2328, 2018 413 1 Introduction All-wheel-drive vehicles produced by Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche …”

J.-E. Moseberg, J. Kohlhoff, S. Hekeler Electric all-wheel drive: enhancing vehicle dynamics and driving safety by wheel-individual torque distribution – How to make use of the over-actuation of electrified vehicles

„… Yaw moment of inertia +++ 0 ++ 0 Steering ratio +++ +++ 0 0 Wheel base ++ ++ 0 0 Axle load …” „… limit which depends on the wheel load and the friction between tire and ground. The wheel torque …” „… ”; dashed lines: simple distribution algorithm). VDI-Berichte Nr. 2328, 2018 113 different wheel loads are …”

G. Hellenbroich, I. Steinberg, J. Ogrzewalla Powershift capable 2-Speed Electric Drive Unit for Light – Commercial Vehicles with Short Time to Market

„… of goods in cities and suburban areas. The vehicle load spectrum and the comparatively simple setup …” „… % gradient with a full load and a gross vehicle weight of 3,500 kg - Weight in drive cycle equals empty …” „… of the wheel: 0.371 m - Electric machine YASA P400S @ 400V, as measured by FEV - Inverter SEVCON …”

A. Schmidt, H.-P. Fleischmann Enhancement of a dual clutch transmission kit – AUDI S tronic – Version for All-Wheel Drive, Increase of Torque and HV Electrification

„… Enhancement of a Dual Clutch Transmission Kit – AUDI S tronic Version for All-Wheel Drive …” „… 2014, the first derivative of this kit, designed for torques of up to 400 Nm and front-wheel drive …” „… with a classic quattro all-wheel drive with self-locking center differential, and the efficient …”

A. Dietrich, H. Klampfl “Friction Stir Welding” – Lightweight through manufacturing technology – The path from a concept to revolutionary gearbox manufacturing

„… VDI-Berichte Nr. 2328, 2018 385 Abstract Those who consider buying an all-wheel-drive vehicle usually …” „… additional consumption as low as possible. Therefore, major priority in the development of all-wheel …” „… architecture or all-wheel drive cars. The basic function is to transmit torque via a certain angle (normally …”

T. Smejkal, C. Wirth Innovative transmission topologies using the example of a P2-hybridtransmission for front-transverse applications

„… %, which is acceptable because of its low time share in typical load cycles. The lay shaft for the wheel …” „… two load shift elements, can be synthesized. Nevertheless, these topologies allow for an unrestricted …” „… load shiftability. By a reduced number of load shift elements in combination with compact dog clutches …”

T. Högnäs, G. Beldie 48 volt torque vectoring electric rear drive module (eRDM) – Excellent driving dynamics with significant CO2 savings

„… distributes the torque between the two wheels depending on vehicle signals including yaw rate, wheel speeds …” „… , steering wheel angle and throttle position. By using one electrical motor for both functions, the system …” „… constitute the traditional means for driveline power management in performance oriented All-Wheel Drive (AWD …”

M. Hofstetter, D. Lechleitner, M. Hirz, M. Gintzel, A. Schmidhofer Multi-objective gearbox design optimization for xEV-axle drives under consideration of package restrictions

„… wheels. Through this the available installation space of the gearbox shows manifold characteristics due …” „… decision-making in the early development phase. For given load-, lifetime- and package-requirements, the …” „… to the wheels. In the gearbox design process of a new eDrive, several input parameters (Fig. 1 …”

M. Werra, A. Ringleb, C. Sieg, F. Küçükay Thermal behavior of 48 V hybrid systems

„… . After that, three different hybrid topologies with front wheel drive (P1, P2 and P3) with an …” „… the module “wheel”, it includes boundary conditions as the driving cycle and the vehicle parameters …” „… PE. Parameter variation In this paper, three different hybrid topologies with front wheel drive …”

M. Hein, T. Tobie, K. Stahl Holistic approach for fatigue life design of vehicle transmissions

„… the load carrying capacity like ISO 6336-series is limited as it is not fully capable of calculations …” „… with load spectra. State of the art vehicle transmissions are usually designed with particular regard …” „… , power-to-weight ratio and load carrying capacity is possible. Apart from that, designing a new kind of gearbox for …”

D. Evenschor, D, Dennin, P. Tenberge Automated design concept generation of automatic transmissions – Design concept generation based on results of transmission synthesis

„… steps, ratio range, planet wheel rotational speed as well as state and load of shift elements …” „… torque load 2. Dynamic torque load 3. Friction energy (single shift event) 4. Friction power (single …” „… torque load takes place when the engine runs at nominal torque (torque jerks unconsidered) and the SE …”

B. Arnold, B. Lecointre Shift simulator for shift feel and quality development of manual transmissions

„… pure mechanical interface. This interface is next to the steering wheel the most driver actuated …” „… front-wheel drive and all-wheel drive transmissions for a global market and learned that one-size-fits-all …” „… adjustable steering wheel. To accommodate different seating positions different shift knobs with multiple …”

G. van Spijk, A. Klaassen, A. van der Leest, A. Brandsma, M. Tweehuysen CVT: dedicated to hybrid solutions – Setting the benchmark on all KPI’s

„… driving the wheels are subject to reconsideration. At the same time investments must be safeguarded …” „… engine) – via the belt variator; the planet carrier is connected to the wheels and the ring gear is …” „… (A). Closing clutch C2 and releasing the park lock enables traction of the wheels and launches the …”

F. Mühlfeld, M. Hochrein, N. Schmidt-Winkel, J. Buhl Electrified automated manual transmission (eAMT) – Synergies by combining an electric drive with an automated transmission

„… solution enables an electric 4 wheel drive on demand. Also a load point shift over the road would be …” „… traction torque can be achieved in this way (solid line). As indicated in the Fig., the resulting wheel …” „… starting and target levels of wheel torque depends, among other things, on the accelerator pedal position …”

I. Andrasec, B. Jeitler AVL’s future hybrid X mode – A modular transmission family concept

„… People's Republic of China [1]. A more comprehensive view away from the simplified tank-to-wheel towards …” „… well-to-wheel assessments is currently taking place to better track sustainable CO2 reduction. It is already …” „… 48V e-motors. Load point shift is another option. Support of the ICE is possible with the e-motor …”

K. Bennewitz, A. Mann Powertrain electrification exemplified by the VW Golf

„… entire chain from fuel production to the driven wheel (well-to-wheel), alternative fuels are suitable …” „… the total well-to-wheel approach. By law, usually fleet targets are dictated. A certain percentage of …” „… the internal combustion VDI-Berichte Nr. 2328, 2018140 engine under low load is replaced by electric …”

B. Reick, M. Wechs, K. Grad, M. Geimer Automated gearbox synthesis and evaluation of electric power-split transmissions

„… automated adjustment of the internal combustion engine’s operation point in dependence of the vehicle’s load …” „… linked toolchain. Interfaces can be driven wheels, the PTO-transmission or an electric interface for …”

D. Güth, J. Haupt, T. Gassmann Seamless-shift two-speed eAxle with torque vectoring

„… architecture also provides an easy way to realize an all-wheel drive (AWD) vehicle. However, compared with an …” „… VDI-Berichte Nr. 2328, 2018256 eTwinster with 1.200 Nm max wheel torque. However, it was as well obvious that …” „… . The both inner carriers are directly connected to the sideshafts resp. wheels. The maximum clutch …”

M. Bahne, U. Frey, G. Schlager Transmission technology contribution to CO2 roadmap – a benchmark

„… are primarily to be found in friction of gear wheels and bearings, and in lubrication. Depending on …” „… connects to the sub-transmission via a reduction gear wheel. Purely electrical launch and driving is also …” „… torque dips at the wheels – regardless of either propulsion system being used on its own. Figure 10 …”

W. Guo, M. Jordan, X. Xu The application of fast and efficient clutch coordination control in a P2 hybrid automatic transmission

„… clutch first needs to overcome the torque of the off-going clutch and then overcome the load of the ICE …” „… transmitted enough power. At this time, we can increase the load by increasing the pressure of the off-going …” „… start the ICE shaft through the DMF. The load torque generated by the ICE will apply on the C0, and …”

C. Danzer, T. Voigt, T. Günther, R. Tröger From fleet requirements to optimized Dedicated Hybrid Powertrains

„… variability and performance of the charging system. Therewith the optimization of the full load curves of ICE …” „… full load performance of ICE and EM the combination of the consumption map and the EM-loss map is …” „… , the impact of the fuel efficiency at partial loads and speeds decreases with the rising of electric …”

P. Maurel, N. Termenon, Philippe Kraemer, I. Sogoba Efficient hybrid clutch actuator

„… position can offer also the possibility to give access to a four wheels drive mode at low speed …” „… actuation solution for a same clutch load, on a single dry clutch normally closed. Fig. 9: Power …” „… . 2328, 2018494 adapted than pressure accumulator to clutch load characteristic. The reversible solution …”

J. van der Meer, G. Hangen, J. Uhlig The new plug-in hybrid module as an addition to the AUDI S tronic gearbox family – Design, layout and manufacture

„… way, the requirements on the load, such as the maximum slip power, are assured throughout the …” „… actuating force of the engagement system is supported by this component, which also houses the sender wheel …”

A. Viehmann, R. König, S. Rinderknecht Investigation of gear shifts in a parallel-series hybrid powertrain with dog clutches in a demonstrator vehicle (two-drive-transmission with range-extender, DE-REX)

„… efficiency based on shifting the load points by operating only one or both electric motors and using …” „… wheels for the first and second gear can be commonly used by both STM. As the constant ratios between …” „… via the shift paddles or buttons on the steering wheel as well as it allows reading the vehicle …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023280

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Dritev 2022

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2401 2022

Results in this title

S. kyoung Lee, B. jae Lee, H. joon Kim Extreme cornering performance of Integrated Drive Axle on vehicle S. 291-302

„… camber stiffness increased, the input load to the wheel center increased during turn-ing. VDI-Berichte …” „… of load trans-ferred to the outer wheel of the vehicle is large when turning in a section with a …” „… achieve the dual purpose of weight re-duction and increasing camber stiffness by integrating the wheel …”

T. König, L. Stütz, L. Bauer, M. Kley Model-based simulation of a longitudinal dynamics vehicle model with a single-wheel drive S. 381-396

„… Model-based simulation of a longitudinal dynamics vehicle model with a single-wheel drive …” „… from the off-highway sector with a single-wheel drive is simulated. A realistic description of the …” „… test rig with varying speeds and loads. Based on the test data, an efficiency model is generated using …”

Z. Liu, V. Stegmayer, S. Rinderknecht, U. Fechter Multiphase CFD investigation of splash lubrication S. 169-184

„… investigated two-speed transmission The churning loss in the transmission is classified as a load …” „… -independent power loss and does not depend on the transferred load torque in the system. According to the previous …” „… the input wheel (Fig. 1) under the maximum input rotational speed with 22000 rpm. 0.4244 s is the …”

D. Lindvai-Soos, S. Kaimer Electric Drives for All-wheel Functions – A System Comparison of ASM and PSM S. 109-118

„… Electric Drives for All-wheel Functions A System Comparison of ASM and PSM Dr. DI Daniel …” „… only be found in the all-wheel-drive capability through the secondary drive. It is primarily the …” „… communication that type of propulsion system is commonly called “dual-motor all-wheel-drive”, for example by …”

D. Held The EtelligentReach Project – A new Level for Range and Dynamics S. 267-276

„… a higher load and thus at optimal efficiency. When re-coupling the other motor for all-wheel drive …” „… directed to one of the rear wheels at high control accuracy. On the other hand, the clutches allow the rear …” „… axle to be disconnected, and thus assures load point shifting at the front drive. In the 2nd phase of …”

F. Pfister, N. Hetzel, K. Büttner Objectified Evaluation of Fundamental Driveability Maneuvers at Powertrain-in-the-Loop Testbeds for Electric Drive Units S. 61-72

„… 10 to 100 times faster. Additionally, the mechanical transmission path from the motor to the wheel is …” „… damaging load impacts. The limiting factor here is usually not the driveline system but rather the force …” „… shown in Fig. 2 works with permanent-magnet synchronous motors for the driveline and wheel units. It …”

K. Lee, M. Song, S. Lim Multi-body Dynamics of a Vehicle Axle System Based on a Time-varying Gear Mesh Model for Investigating Hypoid Gear Noise and Vibration S. 185-196

„… , wheel drive shafts, and rubber bush supports. The combined fully flexible Multi-Body Dynamics (FMBD) of …” „… ), can be derived from the load distribution results calculated by a three-dimensional quasi-static …” „… include gear mesh properties with respect to torque load applied to the pinion and those roll angles …”

T. Skubacz, C. Burkhardt, S. Krischke Proof of Concept: Bistable Shift Element S. 241-252

„… distribution, e.g. kerb descent, level crossings, one-sided wheel slip, bumpy road) torque load peaks of …” „… powertrain parts. The shifting elements either realise different load paths, e.g. transmission paths, or …” „… two more essen-tial functions: In special driving situations (dynamic change of wheel force …”

J. Gindele, U. Franzmann, L. Herdle, A. Pawlenka The Magna 7HDT400 for BMW’s new 48V hybrid drive family S. 1-12

„… , and all of them with seamless and fast wheel torque availability. The start-up times for all variants …” „… torque to avoid wheel torque changes. The fine-tuning of the engine startup procedure, i.e. the clutch …” „… wheel torque and no delay. Fig. 9: ICE bump start by closing C2 8.2 E-machine start The EM start works …”

M. Hein, S. Prinke, A. Damm, P. Fischer Testing of shift elements – Standardized Methods, State of the Art and Future Challenges S. 73-94

„… All-Wheel-Drive (AWD) applications or short slipping times in overload clutches etc. In most of these cases, the …” „… a manual transmission and up to > 500.000 for a DCT or even more for CV. The load spectra applied to …” „… based on continuously high loads or single events. Overheating of the lining resulting from a single …”

F. Schuchter, M. Schönstein, K. Bause, A. Albers Temperature Modelling of a Dual Clutch with Artificial Neural Networks S. 335-346

„… mapped by the model. Fig. 1: Multi-disc clutch [2] Critical load cases causing an overheating of the …” „… high frictional torque. This happens for creeping at a slope of 30% with maximum vehicle load and for …” „… with a lower load and a smaller incline, as well as normal multiple downshifts, the clutch temperature …”

M. Schröder, K. Herold, C. Monissen Efficiency Increase of Electric Machines with Active Thermal Field Weakening S. 119-132

„… . If the temperature can be increased in a controlled manner at low load oper-ating points, the …” „… reduced. At full-load acceleration – the range of peak torque and power that is rare-ly demanded – a …” „… multiplied with the dynamic tire radius ? , following a certain driving cycle, lead to the torque at wheel …”

A. Eßer, J. Mölleney, S. Rinderknecht Potentials to reduce the Energy Consumption of Electric Vehicles in Urban Traffic S. 133-152

„… benefit of using just one of the downsized EMs with high-utilization in part load driving scenarios which …” „… in general results in a higher efficiency compared to the use of a single high-power EM in part load …” „… m/s Road slope 0 rad Vehicle mass variable kg Rotational inertia of the EM variable kgm² Dyn. wheel …”

P. He, A. Eßer, S. Rinderknecht, M. Schmiedt A Degradation Model of a Wet Friction Clutch based on Theoretical and Experimental Analysis and the Application for a Condition Monitoring Method S. 303-320

„… spring-damper element TVB Inertia torque of the vehicle body TL Load torque ω1 Rotation speed of clutch …” „… transmission ratio ω3 Rotation speed of the wheel Parameter Description ? Transmission ratio k1 The …” „… load torque T connected with the clutch secondary side through a transmission ratio i. The actuation …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024010

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Dritev – Drivetrain for Vehicles 2020

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Dritev – Drivetrain for Vehicles 2020

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2373 2020

Results in this title

K. Sabzewari, M. Vieracker, J. Sagstetter Cost efficient PHEV powertrain solution based on dedicated hybrid transmission – Cost efficiency for small and mid-size plug in hybrid vehicle

„… provide the required wheel torque as often as possible. In addition, ICE load point shifting is applied …” „… driving situations. An advanced control concept based on wheel torque is described, which fully exploits …” „… defined transmission ratio. The ICE and SG can be decoupled from the drivetrain by the sliding 1 Load …”

T. Casper, G. Spengler, M. Bromberger The high-efficiency fully electric drivetrain of the new Porsche Taycan

„… report presents the all-wheel drive concept of the Porsche Taycan and goes into detail about the front …” „… also be applied to the front axle due to the low center of gravity and the almost even axle load …” „… . wheel contact force divided by the longitudinal force on the wheel, which corresponds to the …”

P. Ramet Dedicated hybrid transmissions (DHT) by PUNCH Powerglide – Innovative concepts for optimized DHT in terms of efficiency, cost and packaging

„… these states. In hybrid mode, the torque at the wheel is a combination of the combustion engine and …” „… take place without wheel torque disruption, to maintain an acceptable shift comfort. Strategy for …” „… this mode (C0 remains closed), the carrier is connected to the wheel while the electrical machine is …”

P. Lück, K. Bennewitz, J. Tousen, J. Peter The front-axle drive of the MEB – Volkswagen expands the e-drive portfolio

„… , since this influences the overall road load, including during pure rear-wheel drive (two-wheel drive …” „… . Within this paper, new insights into the all-wheel drive train of the ID. 4 are presented in detail. In …” „… total power of up to 225 kW (306 HP) distributed between both axes provides an impressive all-wheel …”

P. Tenberge, A. Alnahlaui E-drive and hybrid-drive with 2 high-speed E-motors and a 2-speed gearbox

„… between rotor shaft and wheels in vehicles with reduced traction requirements and reduced maximum speed …” „… 4 In order to reduce a maximum speed of an electric motor from e.g. 25,000 rpm to a wheel speed of …” „… ratios of 32 (25) are needed. If such a gearbox would have gear wheels with e.g. 24 teeth on the …”

M. Deiml High speed electric drive system – A solution for the next generation E-cars

„… the wheel(s), power output and maximum vehicle speed. For this research project we defined those data …” „… a two ton rear wheel driven car with well dimensioned 5000 Nm axle torque. A trend for …” „… sophisticated BEVs, that we observe on the market, is torque vectoring. Each wheel can be driven and controlled …”

D. Vietze, M. Hein, K. Stahl Method for a cloud based remaining-service-life-prediction for vehicle-gearboxes based on big-data-analysis and machine learning

„… with the dimensioning of gears according to the expected loads and the required service-life …” „… world are working on increasing the load carrying capacity and the reliability of high performance gears …” „… in vehicle transmissions are dimensioned in a way that they only can withstand the operational load …”

A. Manelli, F. Filippo Irato, C. Cavallino, R. Gay e-FDU: Concept, develop & industrialization of a novel P4 powertrain – From concept to industrialization of a novel P4 powertrain in 24 month

„… the front wheels of the vehicle independently, i.e. a complete torque vectoring of the front wheels …” „… Wheels Drive; Torque Vectoring; High Speed Revolution; HV E-Motors; HEV; BEV. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2373 …” „… Engagement Maneuver 7 e-FDU Validation 7.1 Under load contact pattern 7.2 Gears fatigue test 7.3 …”

P. Cholvy, P. Armiroli 48V eDRIVE Modularity: An answer to eMobility complexity

„… architectures are emerging to answer e-mobility. Two wheelers, three wheelers and passenger cars are leading to …” „… torque at wheel requirements and limited maximum speed both being driven by urban driving cycle. Fig …” „… loads compared to standard control. Long lasting performance associated with high efficiency level are …”

C. Danzer, T. Voigt, A. Forell, M. Sens, E. Schreiterer, R. Kockisch, J. Müller, E. Schneider The systematic way to your sustainable powertrain platform – holistic and customizable – Systematical methods to investigate mobility scenarios of tomorrow

„… Antriebssystemen erzeugt, welche systematisch hinsichtlich CO2-Tank-to-Wheel, Well-to-Wheel, Cradle-to-Grave sowie …” „… are systematically optimized in regard of CO2 Tank-to-Wheel, Well-to-Wheel, Cradle-to-Grave, primary …” „… electrification measures, which reduce the consumption level in the currently tank-to-wheel balancing (TtW). But …”

P. Ramminger, R. Jäger Evolution of the drivetrain and high voltage system in the new Corsa-e

„… WLTP, further optimized road-load for motorway driving and DCFC charging up to 100 kW peak, the car …” „… , equalling 4 litre gasoline per 100km (“energy storage to wheel”). If the very same BEV car is charged from …” „… final distribution including intelligent load managements are subject to technical and scientific …”

D. Evenschor, P. Tenberge, M. Wolkerstorfer Package-optimized configuration of transmission elements for automated design concepts – Design concept generation based on results of transmission synthesis

„… time. A single specification of gear element ratios, transmission element load, and an available …” „… resource-intensive and incomplete. In this work an automatized approach for load-dependent dimensioning and optimal …” „… load-dependent design of the used transmission elements and their arrangement. There are several computer-aided …”

A. Esser, T. Eichenlaub, S. Rinderknecht Real-driving-based comparison of the eco-impact of powertrain concepts using a data-driven optimization environment

„… energy chain from the grid to the demand for driving, i.e. 'Grid-to- Wheel' energy demand, is considered …” „… sub-transmissions TM1-TM3. The resulting tractive force is transmitted to one of the wheel axles. A specific …” „… resistances equation, the tractive demand at the wheels is calculated as a function of vehicle speed …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023730

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