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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Dritev 2023

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2420 2023

Results in this title

R. Fehrenbacher, P. Duck, K. Bause Ways to increase sustainability by expanding product development processes for vehicles using the example of a hybridized automated transmission S. 411-424

„… stakeholders involved. Furthermore, it forms a reference model for Product Generation Engineering (PGE …” „… . The authors analyze established development process (models) to use this as a basis for working out …” „… or also in the disposal model to Africa, where they are often kept ready for operation instead of …”

D. Schweigert, B. Morhard, F. Oberneder, L. Pointner-Gabriel, M. Otto, K. Stahl Speed4E: Simulative and Experimental Results on the Vibration Behavior of a High-Speed Planetary Gearbox S. 441-458

„… reference variant represents a balanced design with respect to efficiency and excitation behavior. In …” „… teeth and has a normal module of mn = 1.12 mm, while the normal module for the reference variant is mn …” „… = 1.09 mm. Fig. 3: View of the sun pinion in the planetary gear unit in the two gear variants reference …”

S. Ott, A. Braumandl, K. Bause Product-Production-CoDesign of Electric Traction Motors with Model-Based Systems Engineering S. 61-72

„… the product construction kit remains relevant in the future, the reference-product model takes into …” „… construction kit is established based on the reference product models, and it includes a range of reference …” „… Model-Based Systems Engineering ermöglicht die Zusammenhänge zwischen Produkt- und Produktionsdesign durch die …”

T. Schneider, K. Völkel, K. Stahl Failure Characteristics of Wet-Clutches in Limited Slip Differentials S. 307-324

„… , Cui et al. [24] showed that based on the transient thermal deformation model of the friction clutch …” „… phase until they reach the initial temperature of T = 80°C. Following each load level, a reference load …” „… reference load level is repeated ten times. Once a load level, including reference cycles, is completed, the …”

C. Mohr Acoustic Optimization of Electric Powertrains from a Vehicle Level Perspective S. 471-0

„… developed from scratch, a comparable reference vehicle (the previous model, for example) can be used. The …” „… , 2023472 Fig. 1: Definition of a limiting curve for use in various vehicle models at the start of …” „… adaptations, which will then permit scaling across all models and manufac-turers as a part of Schaeffler …”

S. Yan, P. Piecha, N. Hetzel Virtual Generation of Load Profiles and Spectra for Designing Electrified Vehicles – The influence of software and driving scenarios on powertrain design S. 377-390

„… . Model-Based Approach To be able to generate conclusive load data for subsequent development processes, a …” „… holistic model-based approach can be used. This approach includes driver, vehicle, road, traffic and …” „… detailed modeling, parameterization and calibration of a specific vehicle model. 4. Vehicle Model A …”

A. Braumandl, K. Bause, A. Albers Automated design of fuel cell drive systems S. 221-234

„… , leading vehicle manufacturers to introduce a range of battery electric vehicle (BEV) models in recent …” „… models currently available and low production numbers [3 – 6]. This can be attributed to the high costs …” „… hypervolume space is defined by two reference points that span either a plane or three-dimensional space. A …”

P. Geradts, M. Kasten, A. Landvogt Psychoacoustic optimization of the NVH behavior of an eDrive power train – Application of a Targeted Micro Geometry Scatter on Helical Gears to break-up the regularity of the transmission error excita... S. 459-470

„… calculated for various load levels. Figure 6 shows the transmission error spectra for the reference variant …” „… . The frequency spectrum for the reference variant (constant tooth microgeometry) is dominated by the …” „… model takes psychoacoustic loudness into ac-count. This parameter identifies prominent tonal and …”

B. James Demonstration of a Cloud-based Gearbox Digital Twin – Using telematics data for reliability predictions S. 165-182

„… attract convenient phrases whose usage ‘goes viral’, picking up more and more references across the world …” „… at least. For sure, the ‘design twin’ exists – a simulation model of the gearbox that informs about …” „… real-time simulation which matches the gearbox model used by the design engineers. Fatigue data is converted …”

T. Hofman, J. Van Kampen, O. Borsboom Electric Mobility Design – From Powertrain Components to Vehicle Fleet Optimization S. 391-410

„… expensive model, but some modeling in-accuracies are inevitable. In our work in [21, 22] a convex surrogate …” „… : Sustainable energy, Smart & safe mobility, Societal integration, and Integral models. Covering everything …” „… necessary to accurately model the user demand, to be able to evaluate the convenience of the fleet for the …”

B. Cebulski, S. Mühlbauer, D. Sailer, L. Schmieden, R. Wunderlich, O. Seidler, A. Stiegelmeyr About the benefits of permanent rotor temperature measurement S. 143-152

„… calculated from the stator temperature using an temperature observer model and a conditional motor-specific …” „… data map. We are convinced that, from a cost-benefit point of view, these models will never be accurate …” „… the measurement chain for model input The accuracy of thermal models is mainly determined by observer …”

A. Freiburg Virtual development – optimized E-Drive selection by system simulation S. 73-88

„… Virtual development – optimized E-Drive selection by system simulation System model based on …” „… time having the system model available for the quotation phase up to 6 months earlier of physical parts …” „… of the product  Reduced development cost using the system model as digital twin during the product …”

C. Reumüller, M. Sedlmair, M. Hein, A. Damm Transformation from conventional to electric powertrains Challenges in testing mechatronic shifting systems S. 359-376

„… setting at the emDOC system 3.2 The V-model: Validation and Verification The V-model summarizes the main …” „… of this process. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2420, 2023368 Fig. 6: Graphic illustration of the V-model …” „… process according to the V-model was given with examples of the HOERBIGER emDOC validation process. Some …”

N. Missal, S. Schwertel Innovative cold metal forming processes for a sustainable future – Moving forward with helical gear drive components in a resourceand energy-efficient way S. 295-306

„… technologies in gear manufacturing. Due to the favorable reference profile VDI-Berichte Nr. 2420, 2023298of the …” „… guide elements were carried out. The simulation model is shown in Fig. 6 and was loaded with a torsional …” „… . 2420, 2023302 Fig. 6: Simulation model of the tool carrier with 2 and 4 guide elements The results of …”

A. Kappes, S. Frei, P. Noone, Stephan Rinderknecht Development and Design of a Range Extended four-speed Two-Drive-Powertrain S. 253-280

„… a succeeding model. It can be assumed that the limited range, espe-cially in cold conditions was one …” „… priced Model 3 long range from Tesla with its net 75 kWh battery, more complex drivetrain with two …” „… ]. The values presented here refer to the CO2 equivalence factors from the reference year 2020. In today …”

J. Ahn, S. Yang Disconnect Actuator System (DAS) for AWD EV’s Driveline – Increasing electric efficiency, Seamless shifting system S. 115-130

„… vehicles include IONIQ5, IONIQ6, EV6, G80, It is being applied to six models including the GV70. DAS is …” „… mass-production, and plans to continue to expand its lineup. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2420, 2023 129 6. REFERENCES (1 …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024201

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Reifen – Fahrwerk – Fahrbahn

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Reifen – Fahrwerk – Fahrbahn

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2425 2023

Results in this title

R. Schurmann, N. Harendza, A. Lion Comparison of numerical methods for real-time simulation of spontaneous axle component failure S. 103-118

„… Validation of the CarMaker full vehicle model in the reference stateFirst of all, the CarMaker full vehicle …” „… model of the VW Passat derived from ADAMS/Car must be validated in the damage-free reference state. A …” „… sine sweep (bottom) for the reference model and the models with kinematic anti-roll bars on both axles …”

V. Yordanov, L. Eckstein Supplying Real-Time Data to a Digital Twin of the Road System using Tyres and Chassis as Data Providers S. 133-144

„… distribution in the contact patch from the vehicle is not possible. In this paper, a model-based approach for …” „… alternative. Virtual sensors can be established through two primary methodologies: model-driven and …” „… sensing based on model-driven methodologies, as demonstrated in [9 to 13], holds encouraging potential for …”

N. Büteröwe, G. Müller, S. Müller, H. Ulmer, S. Reetz Road-Tire Friction Potential Estimation for Heavy-Duty Vehicles S. 197-208

„… corresponding friction models. On the other hand, effect-based approaches measure the effects that occur during …” „… features for a model consisting of an artificial neural network (ANN) that is trained to estimate the …” „… additional input variables for the intermediate layer estimation model. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2023, 24252044 …”

C. Strübel, G. Sagar, B. Wies Impact Parameters on Tire Rolling Resistance under specific consideration of Ambient Temperature S. 89-102

„… groundbreaking material models and parameter identification protocols for rubber and cord. These innovations …” „… encompass a fortified non-linear viscoelastic rubber material model with the Mullins effect, advanced …” „… non-linear cord models, and a novel technology integrating these sophisticated material models into the …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024256

Gerald Sequeira - Prediction based activation of vehicle safety systems – A contribution to improve occupant safety by validation of pre-crash information and crash severity plus restraint strategy prediction

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Gerald Sequeira

Prediction based activation of vehicle safety systems – A contribution to improve occupant safety by validation of pre-crash information and crash severity plus restraint strategy prediction

Series: Verkehrstechnik/Fahrzeugtechnik

Volume 817 2022

Results in this title

References S. 126-162

„… Vehicle sled modelAs described in Subsection 5.3.2 the 2010 Toyota Yaris coarse finite element modelwas …” „… airbag). The mentioned models were created separately and merged tocreate a complete occupant model.D.1 …” „… displaysthe vehicle sled model used to create the occupant model.Figure D.1: Details of vehicle model: a …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… algorithms . . . . . . . . 1055.5.1 Vehicle level prediction model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1055.5.2 …” „… Occupant level prediction model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1125.6 Algorithm for crash severity and …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1246.2 Contribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124References 126 …”

Opponent-object Geometry: Simplification and Estimation S. 54-87

„… step, a plane model represented by the point-normal equation form (equation4.1) is fitted onto the …” „… (ground-truth derived from the cad model) in solid redlines at three different frames. It can be observed that …” „… ego-vehicle is considered as the reference andcan be assumed as stationary by transferring the movement of the …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186817129

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - LAND.TECHNIK 2020

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

LAND.TECHNIK 2020

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2374 2020

Results in this title

D. Wildner, T. Herlitzius, T. Berg Concept development of a traction management system using the example of a pipe laying machine S. 387-394

„… limits of use as well as the possible cost reduction are shown using modelled reference soils …” „… for the reference soil C1 (see Fig. 4-A). The tool behaviour is modelled analogously to Fig. 3. Fig …” „… system architecture is described and the general behaviour is analysed using simulation models. The …”

T. Stein Automatic logging and situation-related evaluation of manufacturer independent machine data S. 47-54

„… repairs and software adaptations. Reference and demonstration data sets were derived from the data …” „… estimated engine load of a ploughing process Additionally, a model based on various datasets like …” „… for a process [3]. The estimated engine load from the model for the same ploughing process is also …”

T. Bund, S. Kuebler, C. Struve, B. Honermeier Seed Spacing in Cereals – Using Artificial Intelligence to define a quality value of precision seed placement S. 61-68

„… and yield formation that is also an important driver for yield prediction models. Seed …” „… neighbors as a reference which is described as Delaunay Triangulation, then defines boundaries around the …” „… points (single plants) using the half distance between the kernels as reference, describing and …”

H. Wanta, M. Holovac, S. Lorenz, J. Krzywinski Evaluation of Human-Machine Interactions with Autonomous Agricultural Systems through Cyber-physical Prototypes S. 245-266

„… realistic contextual reference for the 1: 6 model. In addition, a first digital interface was available for …” „… models with final design integrated in suitable scenarios (picture 1) to digital VR twins in real-life …” „… context of the application. Functional models help to anticipate certain functions and properties of the …”

P. Riegler-Nurscher, J. Prankl, M. Vincze, H. Prankl A review on plant and soil properties estimation using ground-based computer vision techniques in the visible spectrum S. 353-360

„… within a group of objects. The similarity measures are used to compare images to a database of reference …” „… datasets. Transfer learning, for example, pursues the approach of transferring model weights from similar …” „… for inference will further increase. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2374, 2020 357 References [1] Trong, V. H …”

J. Osten, C. Weyers, J. Petereit Modular and Scalable Automation for Field Robots – Lighthouse project “Cognitive Agriculture” S. 227-232

„… or improvement of models for sensor data. It is important to mention that the data suppliers will be …” „… to take the quality of provided data into account when interpreting the decision models. This …” „… processing step, a model provided by the ADS-enabling platform will be used. With regard to the aspect of …”

A. Lindenberger, C. Korn Parameter identification for Discrete-Element-Method (DEM) particles of a self-propelled forage harvester (SPFH) chopping sample S. 135-142

„… . Motivation and introduction Sufficiently defined particle models are a prerequisite for using the DEM. Most …” „… introduces a concept to analyze parameter values for DEM models of SPFH chopping samples, which provide the …” „… accelerator model, which ensures close parameter identification to the targeted SPFH crop-flow. In addition …”

S. Raikwar, T. Herlitzius, J. Fehrmann Autonomous Navigation Strategy for an Orchard Robot Using Simulation Design S. 425-434

„… . Therefore, the present study focuses the navigational strategy for an orchard robot using model based …” „… design. The navigational model is developed in MALTLAB/Simulink as a software development and simulation …” „… . The navigational model acquires planned path coordinates from path planning module required in motion …”

M. Schikora, J. Wildt, M. Zies, T. Schaare, V. Hadamschek, M. Bender Automatic weed spectrum and weed pressure assessment with RGB imagery S. 287-294

„… photo of a spot of his field. During the camera activation phase the app is building a 3D model of the …” „… KPIs the app is able to infer from a single image. Image acquisition and model training The weed …” „… from the currently deployed model version. In order to train a robust weed identification model, we …”

D. Cook, J. Viramontes ROS2 for Autonomous Agriculture Applications S. 103-130

„… in a common frame of reference that represents a 3dimensional world. The ROS geometry library …” „… physical location relative to the 3D model that makes up the complete system. This drastically simplifies …” „… integrating multiple sensor systems that are mounted in different physical locations into a common model …”

T. Crotty, D. Byrne, E. Jones, M. Glavin, J. Warren A Season in Data: Efficiency of a Forage Mower S. 143-150

„… business model that involves intermittent periods of intense workload which are constrained by weather …” „… model to determine the number of transporters required to minimise the idle time for a forage harvester …” „… . The model was verified using observed filling rate data at the farm silo. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2374 …”

F. Uptmoor, B. Niemöller Automation methods in computational frame development – Standards in FEA modelling and evaluation allow a high degree of automation in virtual strength verification processes S. 309-314

„… machinery chassis. Since all steps from model setup, load definition and calculation processes up to the …” „… mass cross of a single sheet metal part [1]. Right: Full inertia equivalent model of a self-propelled …” „… . 2374, 2020 311 These parameters can be obtained analytically from the FEA model. Thus, the examination …”

C. Högemeier, C. Bußmann, R. Middelberg, P.-E. Dziadek Integration of a crop moisture sensor in a combine harvester in order to improve the automatic machine adjustment S. 187-194

„… , several calibration models of different crop varieties have to be calculated by regression analysis. For …” „… this calibration model. Separate calibration models are needed in order to support further crops. One …” „… additional model is designated for beans like soy and another one for corn. Fig. 4: Exemplary calibration …”

L. Trösken, L. Frerichs Process model for an economic evaluation of cultivation methods on agricultural farms S. 435-444

„… a farm. Developed and implemented methods and functions enable a model-like depiction of field work …” „… Process model for an economic evaluation of cultivation methods on agricultural farms M. Sc …” „… Machines and Commercial Vehicles, Braunschweig Abstract Starting from an agent-based process model …”

A. Kunz Alternative drives for agricultural machines – Legal frame, meaning, concepts, validation, conclusion S. 405-412

„… , durability or productivity. The most advanced model out of machines powered with gaseous fuels is the New …” „… according to above definition were compared. As reference for intended relation, a conventionally powered …” „… close Deere models. Thus, in this comparison differences in power and other brand dependent …”

S. Steinhaus, L. Frerichs A novel approach to determine the soil aggregate size distribution from high-resolution 3D point clouds S. 361-368

„… remove buildings and vegetation from airborne 3D point clouds and to generate digital terrain models …” „… , 2020 367 References [1] Soucek, R.; Anisch, S.; Büschel, R. (1984): Bestimmung des …”

M. Hengst, T. Herlitzius, S. Pantke, P. Zirker Tool management, controlling and condition detection for highly automated/autonomous soil cultivation S. 73-82

„… can be determined using an inverse kinematics model. Condition detection: The condition of the …” „… virtual model of the tool module with the respective wear condition is created. If the wear of the …” „… virtual model exceeds a specified limit, the corresponding information is sent to the tool control system …”

N. Niebrügge, M. Terhaag, M. Ensink Full digital video solution as a forward-looking technology for High Speed ISOBUS S. 295-302

„… manufacturer specific settings but the component is designed modular so that additional camera models can be …” „… platforms. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2374, 2020 301 References [1] Werner M., „Signale und Systeme“, Wiesbaden …”

R. Haas, C. Hoffmann Cyber Threats and Cyber Risks in Smart Farming S. 37-46

„… wider, orchestrated attack. References [1] Prevost, S.: The food industry: a new target for …” „… detail, the threat to the associated key asset has to be modelled, and the risk quantified. Based on …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023747

Stella Graßhof - Expressive Personalized 3D Face Models from 3D Face Scans

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Stella Graßhof

Expressive Personalized 3D Face Models from 3D Face Scans

Series: Informatik/ Kommunikation

Volume 868 2020

Results in this title

Appendix S. 179-188

„… four contain the results of the two reference models: Sela NN refers to a neural network approach of …” „… databases: BU3DFE, BU4DFE and FW. Please note that the two reference models employ image information …” „… truth scan, (3)-(4) results of reference models, (5)-(7) results of our model build from different …”

Experiments S. 146-173

„… tensor models clearly lead to lower errors compared to the reference models Sela NN and SFM. In the …” „… Fig. 6.7. Comparison of Results with Respect to Reference Models Additionally the formerly described …” „… reference models Sela NN, see Sec. 5.2, and SFM (Surrey Face Model), see Sec. 5.1, are used to estimate …”

Summary and Conclusions S. 174-178

„… two reference models. As part of the contributions, the applied factorization approach revealed a …” „… already been employed successfully in one of the reference models and others. Additionally since the …” „… second reference model applied additional facial details on the 3D facial surface for improvements, this …”

From 3D Face Scans to Aligned Faces S. 59-113

„… necessary? To enable the creation of a 3D face model from 3D face scans, they must be of high quality and …” „… model describing the complete face. 3. All 3D scans must be well-aligned in space, e.g. all faces are …” „… translated and rotated such that they lie roughly in the same plane, and each nose (or other reference point …”

Fundamentals S. 15-39

„… translation vector. Due to the simplicity of this model changes of the object scale are modeled by the …” „… , which will be used throughout the thesis and referenced accordingly. 2.1 Camera Models In the following …” „… common camera models corresponding to different projection models are introduced. Commonly different …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186868107

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