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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

ELIV 2019

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2357 2019

Results in this title

F. Graf, S. Baensch, T. Knorr, D. Ellmer, C. Marechal 48 Volt High Power: Electric Drive for Excellent CO2 Emissions & Electric Driving Features S. 153-168

„… powertrain. A further key engine component is the Continental RAAX turbocharger with a low inertia …” „… components Cost efficient electric machine technology Low impact on engine & transmission technology …” „… vehicles in the fleet mix of manufacturers. The use of the internal combustion engine is increasingly …”

P. Griefnow, J. Andert, M. Engels, J. Richenhagen, D. Jolovic Holistic Energy Management of 48V Mild Hybrid Vehicles S. 127-138

„… engine stop sailing, as well as electrification options in the areas of turbocharging, vehicle dynamics …” „… 48V components increases the electrical load dynamics as well as the degrees of freedom with regard …” „… implemented 48V functions and components will increase distinctly. Besides typical hybrid functions like …”

A. Magnuson Going from an Electronic Unit Centric Development to Application Software Centric Requires a Different Architecture Mindset in Automotive S. 239-254

„… mechanical component control, e.g. engine, transmission, braking, to actual vehicle feature control, it is a …” „… . Engine Transmission Chassis Equipment Cab Exterior Living Driving Cab Body Vehicle Front …” „… . Engine Transmission Chassis Equipment Wheel, Brake & Hub Fig. 1: Main perspective and mindset is …”

O. Bitsche 800V Fast Charging is Reality – From the Vision in 2015 to Reality in 2019 S. 529-536

„… , the power electronics for the high voltage components had to be modified, for example the DC/AC …” „… converter for the electrical drive engines and the electronics of the H2O heater. The 12V and the 48V …” „… electric sports car with no limitations. The constant torque and absence of engine noise lead to a new …”

B. Fähnrich, A. Körner Easy Integration of 48V Mild Hybridization by Dual Voltage Battery Management – Realizing CO2 saving potentials by low implementation efforts S. 139-152

„… combustion engine immediately and switch everything over to full electrification. When looking at the matter …” „… combustion engine or will feature Micro Hybrid technology with a Stop/Start system by the end of the coming …” „… considered for the wiring of the three components. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 M ill io ns Electric …”

L. Schindele, D. Schütz, F. Heber, P. Sailer, G. Le Hen, N. Müller Future e-mobility and the change in system requirements – The interplay between battery and thermal management for different mobility concepts S. 87-100

„… , ...) and thus the requirements of the vehicle components will change considerably. The segment of fleet …” „… component level. Optimizing a vehicle for a specific use case, like for example parcel delivery, will …” „… typically lead to other vehicle architectures and component designs than optimizing a vehicle for an …”

T. Grasshoff, O. Tamm Efficiency Advantages of SiC in Electric Drive Train Applications S. 169-176

„… appropriate module design based on the WLTP driving cycle and real engine data. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2357, 2019 …” „… in such a way that the heat generated by SiC components is optimally dissipated and the thermal …” „… freedom. In addition to the lower dynamic switching losses of SiC components compared to IGBT components …”

K. L. Barbehön, O. Müller, D. Knobloch The Future of Digital Car Access – Service Potentials and Ecosystem Challenges S. 359-364

„… using a smart device ‐ Start Engine using a smart device ‐ Share keys with friends ‐ Specify access …” „… a Digital Key Applet component, designed to run in a secure element. It comprises all security …” „… component is managing all supporting operations and managing the connection to the device backend. Trust …”

R. Pfeffer, N. Ahn Potential of Training Neural Networks Using Virtual Environments S. 365-374

„… Half-Life 2 engine and a detector based on real-world data. Similar techniques were employed with a …” „… prototype, is a virtual model of a real-world prototype. All real-world components of the vehicle are …” „… performance of the simulation environment in comparison with image sources of the video game engine GTA V and …”

P. Gesner, F. Kirschbaum, F. Landenberger, J. Scheiffele, L. Morawietz, B. Bäker Modeling and identification of electrochemical energy storage for drive train development – Review and evaluation S. 101-114

„… used to simulate the interplay of the components. In later development stages, the models replace real …” „… batteries for the design and dimensioning tasks on engine test benches. The modeling for such a …” „… of high-frequency components is the low-pass behavior of electrochemical cells. Impedance …”

A. Weichslgartner Embedded Intrusion Detection based on AI – A Data-Driven Approach S. 469-478

„… brakes and engine. As modern cars evolve more and more to a distributed computing system, they face …” „… modern car architecture comprises various components with software written in memory unsafe languages …”

M. Brunner, H. Adlkofer Hardware matters: how one chip can impact the security of a connected vehicle S. 455-468

„… . This includes the shift from combustion engines powered by fossil fuels towards emission-free driving …” „… components and their corresponding functions. That is, a successful (cyber-) attack may impact certain …” „… critical components, such as brakes or airbag, as well thereby leading into a violation of safety assets …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023570

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - International Conference on Gears 2017

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

International Conference on Gears 2017

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2294 2017

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W. Wang, L. Han, Q. Yan, C. Xiang, Y. Li Research on the dynamic power split characteristics and the electric power coordinated control for a hybrid transmission system S. 131-142

„… power-split hybrid transmission system can enhance the fuel economy by adjusting the engine operating points …” „… nonlinear characteristics of the power components and transmission machine are introduced into the power …” „… engine torque would decrease the electric generation by the generator motor. Aiming at the precision of …”

M. Shuai, M. Shuai, J. Guoguang, Z. Yidu, L. Chao, H. Haruo Research on multiple-split load sharing characteristics of 2-stage external meshing star gearing system S. 769-782

„… external gearing star gearing system in Aero-engine, and a meshing error analysis on the eccentricity …” „… components of the star gear train respectively, and considering the floating meshing error resulting from …” „… . The T53-L-11 turbo-axis aircraft engine produced by US company Lycoming used two external meshing …”

E. Rigaud, P.-H. Cornuault, B. Bazin, E. Grandais-Menant Prediction of the vibroacoustic response of an electric window-lift gear motor S. 635-648

„… iterative spectral method. Spectrograms of the dynamic response show components corresponding to the …” „… (number of gear teeth: Z=73, worm gear ratio 1:73). The axial component of the mesh force is taken up by …” „… the gear wheel are responsible for an eccentricity defect. This generates an additional component to …”

Y. Shen, S. Rinderknecht, M. Hoppert General modelling method of power losses in transmission with parameter identification S. 905-916

„… publications concerning the calculation of power losses specifically for one transmission component such as …” „… , the identified parameters indicate the optimization potential of the component losses for …” „… always considered for an energyefficient ICE (internal combustion engine) or a substitutional EM …”

G. Eitzinger Adaptive coatings on gears for NVH improvement S. 1439-1450

„… overlapping tolerances. Caused by engine acyclic rotational speed changes, gears in engine and transmission …” „… gears in engines has the disadvantage of introducing a new noise source. The main cause for the …” „… occurrence of rattling noise in engines with gear drives is a non-optimized clearance between gears. Smaller …”

C. Brecher, C. Löpenhaus, F. Goergen, D. Mevissen Crack propagation analysis of pitting damages of high-strength material systems in gear applications S. 281-292

„… detailed analysis of pitting characteristics and on the comparison with local stress components …” „… local stress components extends the knowledge of contact fatigue progression and provides a basis for …” „… and the shear stress intensity hypothesis, the time-dependent individual stress components as well as …”

B. Guilbert, P. Cutuli, P. Velex Hybrid dynamic model of hollow thin-rimmed gears S. 623-634

„… Cutuli, Safran Helicopter Engines, Bordes, France; Prof. Philippe Velex, LaMCoS - INSA de Lyon …” „… written with the inclusion of the mortar interface component as: * 0 1 * 1 1 32 33 2 ( ) ( ) 1 …” „… revolution, i.e. 68 mesh periods. The low frequency component associated with the passing of the 6 holes in …”

S. Stoyanov, V. Dobrev, A. Dobreva Investigating dynamic behavior of planetary gear trains through the systematic approach S. 197-208

„… . They are very attractive especially for aeronautical applications (turboprop engines, helicopter …” „… during the assembly process of the components. The distribution of the loading between the planetary …” „… gear train components becomes irregular. This specific feature leads to occurrence of vibration and …”

B. Leupold, V. Janzen, G. Kotthoff, D. Eichholz Validation approach of PM gears for eDrive applications S. 119-130

„… technology creates a fully dense component [1] - [4]. For surface densification technology, within the …” „… , hot forging process, shapes the component to its forged contour and generates a new metal matrix by …” „… combustion engine and conventional transmissions towards electrified drivetrains, future electrified …”

L. Gondecki, M. Weibring, P. Tenberge Simulation and test method for the lubricant’s influence on the wear and fatigue mechanisms on tooth flanks S. 29-40

„… lubricated contact contains two components [1]. On the one hand, the fluid friction is induced by the …” „… shearing of the lubricant and mainly depends on the lubricant’s viscosity. This component cannot be …” „… component test rigs can easily be transferred to the original system. In order to parameterize the …”

C. Güntner, T. Tobie, K. Stahl “Alternative” microstructures and their influence on mechanical properties of case-hardened gears S. 399-410

„… further adjustment of the microstructure / properties of the components to the requirements could be …” „… engine with a constant speed of 3000 rpm. Test pinion and test gear are mounted on two parallel shafts …” „… torsion shaft. The engine only has to provide the power loss of the two gear boxes in this closed power …”

A. Carbonelli, J.-Y. Guerder Computing and minimizing the whining noise – Application to a bogie gearbox S. 517-526

„… several applied torques and can be used to optimize the other gearbox components (for instance the …” „… conf. on Noise and Vibrations of Engines and Transmissions. C177/79, pp. 9-29. [4] M.S.Tavavoli, and …”

R. Saito, Y. Suzuki, K. Matsuo The effect on tooth root breakage strength of tooth root shapes resulting from differing hobbing conditions S. 733-740

„… reductions in vehicle transmission weight and size. Engine torque has also been increased to enhance vehicle …” „… material components and their hardness, and parameters relating to the materials like residual compressive …”

C. Brecher, C. Löpenhaus, M. Schroers, T. Frech, P. Scholzen Optimization of NVH behavior of gears by alternative gear materials S. 539-552

„… gear body and ends up in airborne noise due to the noise radiation of structural components [2]. On …” „… masking noise of the conventional combustion engine leads to an increasing perception of the noise …” „… gear body and the transmission components (path) and is emitted in airborne noise by the structural …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… components J. Hermes, M. Ansorg, H. Dhonau C. Gorla, Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) for gears …” „… K. Miyamoto property of traction fluid K. Togai, A reduced order internal combustion engine model …” „… Related Product Properties R. Meissner, Multi-component gearwheels and their manufacturing 1299 M …”

J. Fechler, M. Böhm, S. Aberle, V. Merz A contribution to the NVH behavior of plastic gears in automotive applications S. 1531-1540

„… completely new acoustic requirements. The missing acoustic source of the combustion engine results in a …” „… . IMS Gear develops and manufactures a lot of components and actuators that are used for comfort …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181022948

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - SIMVEC Simulation und Erprobung in der Fahrzeugentwicklung 2016

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

SIMVEC Simulation und Erprobung in der Fahrzeugentwicklung 2016

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2279 2016

Results in this title

K. Pfeiffer, R. Merl NVH Kalibration auf einem Powertrain-In-The-Loop Prüfstand S. 833-848

„… engines) NVH testbeds are typically designed driven by the phenomena and the component which should be …” „… development cost. The described Powertrain-in-the-Loop (PiL) testbed uses driveline components from the …” „… engine all the way to the wheel ends. The testbed is built to do real time vehicle maneuvers and NVH …”

F. Schneider, V. Saxena, A. Moser System Simulation and Verification of an Innovative Active Torsional Vibrational Absorber for Engine Cylinder Deactivation, Down Speeding & Best Comfort S. 481-490

„… Engine Cylinder Deactivation, Down Speeding & Best Comfort M. Sc. F. Schneider, M. Eng. V. Saxena …” „… engines and reduced number of cylinders. These measures challenge the capability of current torsional …” „… evaluated with drive line simulations and verified with component tests. The presented results show this …”

M. Benedikt, Ch. Bacher, A. Koller, T. Lemke, G. Lang, W. Puntigam, G. Hohenberg Durchgängige Gesamtfahrzeugentwicklung durch SW/HW Integration S. 517-518

„… domain-specific simulation models (e.g. engine, gear-box, cooling system etc.) as well as the integration of …” „… testing systems including real components. An integration of (early) available prototypes in VDI-Berichte …” „… in a domain specific (offline) simulation tool, are linked to the engine test bench. Therefore …”

M. Schüßler, T. Glatz, M. Hollander, M. Piffl, M. Zallinger, P. Zanolin Die Wichtigkeit der Bauteil-Ebene für die modellbasierte Kalibrierung und Validierung von Motoren S. 455-466

„… The Importance of the Component Level for Model-based Engine Calibration and Validation Dr. M …” „… von Emissionen am Ende der gesetzlich gegebenen Nutzungszeit. Abstract Engine system simulation …” „… . Subsequently it is shown how test data from component level improves the identification of model parameters …”

D. Bäder, F. Rösler Validierung einer thermischen CFD-Motorraumdurchströmung eines Gesamtfahrzeugs S. 591-604

„… , with which a thermal flow in the engine compartment of a motor vehicle can be simulated. The 3D CFD …” „… of the New V6 Engine on the Underhood Environment of the 1993 Opel Vectra, SAE Technical Paper …” „… Investigation of Natural Convection in a Simplified Engine Bay, SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-1683, 2016 [8] X …”

A. Albers, S. Yan, S. Klingler, S. Ott, M. Behrendt, C. Disch, A. Heinz, B. Jäger, T. Düser Validierung 4.0 – Verteilte Systemvalidierung am Beispiel der Antriebsstrangentwicklung S. 819-832

„… system components is the central activity in the development process, not only in the field of …” „… combustion engine test bench. By the exemplary transfer of applicability to test beds with industry standard …” „… ein Engine-in-the-Loop-Prüfstand (EiL) und ein Powertrain-in-the-Loop-Prüfstand (PLP), die an zwei …”

A. Ravi, H.-M. Koegeler, T. Miyata, A. Saroldi Tool Chain for development of ADAS systems S. 275-288

„… behavior. The system can be a combustion engine, transmission, electro-motor, battery, steering system, or …” „… development environment. Never the less differences between virtual components and real integrated functions …” „… test by replacing the component from simulation model to real hardware one by one. That means a step …”

R. Müller, T. Oeser, C. Gnandt Elektrifizierter PRIMOVE Stadtbus: Funktionale Absicherung mit Fahrversuch und Simulation S. 405-416

„… consist almost exclusively of vehicles with combustion engines. Implementing alternative drive systems for …” „… single components of the city bus are modelled as a complete mechatronic system. The validation of the …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181022795

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Commercial Vehicles 2021

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Commercial Vehicles 2021

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2380 2021

Results in this title

S. Baker, S. Munshi, J. Huang High performance and efficiency hydrogen engine using westport fuel systems’ Commercially available HPDI fuel system S. 97-116

„… part of the safety review, preliminary assessment of compatibility of engine components coming into …” „… of Gasoline Surrogate Components and Mixtures Under Engine Conditions," Proceedings of the Combustion …” „… High Performance and Efficiency Hydrogen Engine Using Westport Fuel Systems’ Commercially …”

H. Ulmer, M. Rothschuh, F. Brinkmann, R. Wascheck, T. Delebinski eDrive & Fuel Cell powertrain systems engineering for commercial vehicles S. 55-72

„… off-the-shelf components, indepth understanding of electrified and hydrogen based propulsion systems, an ISO …” „… ), Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs) and hydrogen internal combustion engines (H2-ICEs). Further main …” „… highefficient diesel engines up to electrified powertrain systems as BEV or FCEV. Fig. 2 shows the FCEV vehicle …”

L. Heber, J. Schwab, T. Knobelspies Thermoelectric generators for heavy-duty vehicles as an economical waste heat recovery system S. 17-32

„… via the engine coolant and exhaust system. Thermoelectric generators offer a solution with low …” „… applications with gasoline, diesel, natural gas, hydrogen combustion engines and fuel cells, among others …” „… internal combustion engines, due to a lack of techno-economic alternatives, a waste heat recovery system …”

D. Morgenweck, M. Großmann, W. Fakler, M. Lamke, F. Bitzer ZF E-Mobility products and software for commercial vehicles S. 1-16

„… , Plug-in Hybrid, BEV and FCEV. It is vital to meet the needs of the respective segments with components …” „… commercial technology approach: A kit that consists of electrical, mechanical and software components. One …” „… respective segments with components that can be used in as many applications as possible. In the sections …”

M. Holzer, F.-D. Speck Hybridization of heavy duty trucks – Market analysis and technology for high voltage as well as low voltage solutions S. 33-42

„… new standard equipment for combustion engines. Technology In order to set up a hybrid driveline …” „… , an electric motor has to be added to the combustion engine driveline. There are several …” „… that they do not offer the possibility to decouple the electric motor from the combustion engine, thus …”

L. Matthies, C. Frey Concept study of a commercial vehicle suspension with optional electric machines S. 167-178

„… electrification of vehicles. Conventional combustion engines are currently replaced by electric drives. At the …” „… , the weight of a steel component can be reduced using aluminium, magnesium or CFK. However, these …” „… vehicles. For economic reasons, therefore, most chassis structural components are still made of steel …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… frame using dynamic and/or strength simulation, virtual iteration and component testing together with …” „… efficiency hydrogen engine using westport fuel systems’ Commercially available HPDI fuel system …”

K. Feyerabend, A. Goers Towards the standardization of a high speed truck-trailer data connection S. 205-214

„… than Braking and Running Gear: • General Purpose (Engine, Speed, Lights) • Military (IR lights …” „… . Rear View Camera) • eTrailer communication • Truck-Trailer link protocol and components (cables …”

S. Schönherr, T. Bergmaier-Trede MAN Truck & Bus SE – Shaping the future of mobility S. 245-270

„… selling combustion engines from 2040 onwards. Decarbonisation of transport is also a feasible goal for us …” „… process are perceived as components of this. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2380, 2021 253 Governments, cities …” „… to bus design. The internal combustion engine in buses has been VDI-Berichte Nr. 2380, 2021 257 the …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023808

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - LAND.TECHNIK AgEng 2023

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

LAND.TECHNIK AgEng 2023

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2427 2023

Results in this title

A. Lajunen Numerical simulation of alternative powertrains and fuels in agricultural tractors S. 29-38

„… conventional diesel engine tractor, powertrain component sizing was carefully determined. The estimated total …” „… . Component Diesel Natural gas Hydrogen Engine max power 225 kW, max torque 1154 Nm max power 225 …” „… combustion engine. Simulations were carried out with a large size tractor in tillage and transportation work …”

S. Willems, R. Himmelsbach, S. Igl Electric powertrain solutions for tractors – An introduction to a highly integrated electric axle drive system S. 295-300

„… , Friedrichshafen; Stefan Igl, B. Eng., ZF Friedrichshafen AG, Passau Abstract Combustion engines using different …” „… carryover of parts, components and know-how are the key aspects of central driveline solutions, but with …” „… powertrains and new approach For decades, a typical tractor powertrain consisted of a diesel combustion engine …”

F. Wohlfahrt, P. Heymann Potentials of Functional-electrified System Topologies for the Powertrain Design on Combine Harvester Applications S. 341-348

„… powertrain-components to either replace or enhance currently existing system-topologies partly. This allows either a …” „… distinction between two groups of electrifiable components can be made. Figure 1 shows a schematic overview of …” „… combine (e.g. engine-fans, AC- and air-compressors, electrical power-supply). Optimizing them regarding …”

C. Mayer, T. Eberhart, K. Huber, J. Karner Fuel cell electric tractor powered with biogenic hydrogen – Vehicle design and architecture S. 57-62

„… internal combustion engine (ICE) and CVT (continuously variable transmission)-driveline was developed. The …” „… 95 kW rated engine power was selected. The chosen type has a wheelbase of 2 490 mm, a fuel tank …” „… volume of 180 l diesel and a weight of 6 060 kg in the selected configuration [5]. 2. Main components …”

J. Engström, A. Örde, A. Hägglund, J. Jansson, L. Johansson, H. Andersson Modular battery swap system as an enabler for fossil free mobile work machines S. 313-320

„… , Uppsala, Sweden; Arvid Örde, Traktorarvid AB, Emil Vestman, Regal Components AB, André Hägglund …” „… ) with two autonomous battery powered machines (36 kW engine, 113 kWh battery) at 15% lower costs. Even …” „… partly because of the components the project had access to, and partly because higher voltages results in …”

M. Mattetti, L. Angelucci The development of a reference working cycles for agricultural tractors S. 15-20

„… advantage of decoupling external loads from the engine and thus the engine can operate at its most efficient …” „… electrified components. The development of a reference driving cycle for agricultural tractors is very …” „… ]. Indeed, engine power may be required for running the different subsystems. The few reference cycles for …”

K. Kivekäs, A. Lajunen R. Stirnimann#S. Gfeller High-fidelity simulation modelling of agricultural mobile robots S. 255-262

„… using the simulation engine. The 3D models of the different components were created with the Blender 3D …” „… simulation engine Project Chrono. The three-dimensional multibody model operates on a deformable terrain …” „… electric agricultural machines. 1 Introduction Farm machines, primarily powered by diesel engines …”

X. Tian, R. P. Jenkins, J. Lengacher, A. Vacca, S. Fiorati, F. Pintore, D. Cristofori An Analysis of Mixed Hydraulic and Electric Configurations for the Actuation of Tractor Auxiliary and Implement Functions to Reduce Power Consumption S. 1-14

„… the engine shaft. However, in this study, the cost of the newly added components has not been …” „… combustion engines via electrification, it is still unclear which actuation technology (i.e. electric or …” „… (e-Pumps). For each architecture, the engine shaft power requirement is explored for a typical mission …”

J. Konrad, C. Varlese, C. Junger, R. Krizan, P. Hofmann Fuel cell electric powertrain for the agricultural tractor – FCTRAC: development, performance, and benchmarking S. 49-56

„… ) for the auxiliary components. The FC is supplied with hydrogen from the 700 bar high-pressure storage …” „… coolant circuits. The components of the FC are divided into two cooling circuits. The directly cooled …” „… components of the FC stack (live) are integrated into a cooling circuit with FC coolant, which has a very low …”

R. Konradt, S. Schmidt Design of an adjustable lightweight stilt tractor – Concept tractor for the application of biological control in maize S. 289-294

„… track width, as the cosine component of the height change is less than the corresponding sine component …” „… three-cylinder diesel engine with a particulate filter. The drive function is realised with a hydrostatic …” „… combined unit will replace both the engine radiator and the hydraulic cooler as part of the optimisation …”

C. Nöß, J. Weller A Fuel Cell Tractor in Operation – Concepts and Field Data S. 39-48

„… take-off (PTO), brakes and steering have been retained, whereas the diesel engine and the components …” „… gases to a fuel cell in an agricultural environment, thermal management of new components, power ratio …” „… designed power distribution unit (PDU) wherein all high voltage components are attached to the DC link. A …”

M. Vanderstichele, T. Mahieu, S. Bailliu, F. Duquesne Double cross auger cleaning system including cross distribution control S. 139-146

„… for farmers mainly driving on maximum engine load fighting to get the crop harvested in a minimum …” „… system movement together with the weight are the main contributors for stresses in the shoe components …” „… under control. As such, it was needed to reduce weight of the moving components in this new cleaning …”

R. Schmetz Methodical redesign of drivetrains of agricultural machinery S. 301-312

„… redesign previous drivetrains. E- and R-fuels for combustion engines, hydrogen-powered fuel cells and …” „… . Similarly, (passive) structural components are of little relevance here 3. Methodical Redesign These …” „… into principle solutions, their realisation by means of modules and components, as well as other …”

L. Buck, T. de Witte Cost simulation of future agricultural machinery concepts – Applied on a comparison of constant electrical power supply and battery swapping S. 349-356

„… diesel engines of agricultural machinery need to be substituted. Therefore, it is necessary to develop …” „… various components on the basis of their respective share of the total operating time. All costs are …” „… years; the depreciation period for all other components is 12 years. The salvage values amount to 20 …”

M. Müter, S. Maesing, H. Mählmann-Dunker, W. Timmer FF Prepare for Autonomy Necessity and implementation of a smart transportation concept for autonomous agricultural machines S. 513-518

„… driven by a farm's regular staff. System architecture The central components of the system are the …” „… the axles can be decoupled from the diesel-electric powertrain. At the same time, the diesel engine is …”

K. Krombholz Technological and energetic aspects of a transverse pull S. 87-92

„… drives and combustion engines were not very common compared to steam drives. Kinematic and kinetic …” „… there is a force component Fy due to the direction of the working resistance, which generates a push …”

P. Behr, E. Olcay, M. Maier, T. Oksanen Condition Monitoring in Agricultural Disc Mower Machinery using Deep Learning S. 117-124

„… identify components that might be causing issues or abnormalities. Nevertheless, there is a lack of …” „… ) speed, which measures how fast the tractor's engine spins the mower, using the tractor's own measuring …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024270

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