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VDI Wissensforum GmbH - LAND.TECHNIK AgEng 2023

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

LAND.TECHNIK AgEng 2023

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2427 2023

Results in this title

S. Willems, R. Himmelsbach, S. Igl Electric powertrain solutions for tractors – An introduction to a highly integrated electric axle drive system S. 295-300

„… electric axle drive system presented in the following pages offers an innovative solution to this key …” „… diesel- or methane-electric vehicle architectures [1],[2], electric single wheel drive solutions [1], or …” „… fourth, a mechanical front wheel drive should be considered from the beginning. The integrated electric …”

C. Mayer, T. Eberhart, K. Huber, J. Karner Fuel cell electric tractor powered with biogenic hydrogen – Vehicle design and architecture S. 57-62

„… design includes a compressed hydrogen storage system (CHSS), a fuel cell, an electric drive (e-Drive) as …” „… on the left side of the vehicle instead of the diesel tank. The electric drive (e-Drive) includes a …” „… the main systems (FCS, HVB and e-Drive) operating at different voltage levels, the electric powertrain …”

F. Wohlfahrt, P. Heymann Potentials of Functional-electrified System Topologies for the Powertrain Design on Combine Harvester Applications S. 341-348

„… the one hand, the main drive-systems for the functional technology (e.g. threshing-system, separation …” „… replace a certain degree of the powertrain functionality with electrical drives to create a functional …” „… benefit on the machine instead of aiming a primary energetic full-electric power-supply. Assuming such …”

K. Kivekäs, A. Lajunen R. Stirnimann#S. Gfeller High-fidelity simulation modelling of agricultural mobile robots S. 255-262

„… reliable electric agricultural robots. To that end, this article presents a novel approach to model a …” „… compact electric agricultural mobile robot. The model was created using the open-source multi-physics …” „… operations. The results clearly demonstrated the limitations of battery electric powertrain technology in …”

R. Schmetz Methodical redesign of drivetrains of agricultural machinery S. 301-312

„… induces the need for a redesign of the associated drivetrains. Regarding them, the use of electric drives …” „… into mechanical (propulsion) energy. Furthermore, electric drives can easily be fed with regeneratively …” „… such as electricity. The fundamental advantages of electric drives, however, are the very good …”

J. Konrad, C. Varlese, C. Junger, R. Krizan, P. Hofmann Fuel cell electric powertrain for the agricultural tractor – FCTRAC: development, performance, and benchmarking S. 49-56

„… Fuel cell electric powertrain for the agricultural tractor FCTRAC: development, performance, and …” „… electric tractor is developed based on the existing diesel vehicle STEYR 4130 Expert CVT. After the FCTRAC …” „… project is presented, the paper introduces the developed fuel cell electric powertrain architecture that …”

C. Nöß, J. Weller A Fuel Cell Tractor in Operation – Concepts and Field Data S. 39-48

„… . A pushing fan driven by a 10 kW electric motor supplies the cooling package. The compressed air …” „… other solutions, battery driven prototypes which have been field-tested and have proven themselves …” „… ) is propelled with a 100 kW electric motor and a proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell delivers the …”

J. Engström, A. Örde, A. Hägglund, J. Jansson, L. Johansson, H. Andersson Modular battery swap system as an enabler for fossil free mobile work machines S. 313-320

„… electric drive with wheel motors and rpm controlled hydraulic system, see figure 2. The navigation system …” „… and all-electric with hub motors. This configuration combined with electric drive is expected to …” „… demonstration of a battery swap system, an electric forestry machine, an autonomous electric agricultural …”

K. Krombholz Technological and energetic aspects of a transverse pull S. 87-92

„… agricultural production technology with the characteristics "autonomous" and "electric" with an electric drive …” „… movements are generated by rotary drives, there are no traction losses compared to traditional longitudinal …” „… was therefore practiced. Since the pulling forces for the tools were generated by rotary drives and …”

A. Lajunen Numerical simulation of alternative powertrains and fuels in agricultural tractors S. 29-38

„… topologies include conventional diesel, parallel and series electric hybrid, fuel cell hybrid, and battery …” „… electric powertrains. The alternative fuels were natural gas, and hydrogen for the fuel cell and internal …” „… significant potential to reduce energy consumption with the full electric and fuel cell hybrid powertrains …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XX

„… introduction to a highly integrated electric axle drive system 295S. Willems, R. Himmelsbach, ZF …” „… in Germany, Max Eyth (1836-1906).www.vdi.de/megContent Tractor Drive TrainsAn Analysis of Mixed …” „… Hydraulic and Electric Configurations for the Actuation of Tractor Auxiliary and Implement Functions to …”

X. Tian, R. P. Jenkins, J. Lengacher, A. Vacca, S. Fiorati, F. Pintore, D. Cristofori An Analysis of Mixed Hydraulic and Electric Configurations for the Actuation of Tractor Auxiliary and Implement Functions to Reduce Power Consumption S. 1-14

„… An Analysis of Mixed Hydraulic and Electric Configurations for the Actuation of Tractor Auxiliary …” „… new vehicle concepts, such as electric and hybrid vehicles, to achieve cleaner and more efficient …” „… combustion engines via electrification, it is still unclear which actuation technology (i.e. electric or …”

M. Müter, S. Maesing, H. Mählmann-Dunker, W. Timmer FF Prepare for Autonomy Necessity and implementation of a smart transportation concept for autonomous agricultural machines S. 513-518

„… trailers, there are approaches of specialized trailers or well-known driver’s cabs. The different transport …” „… aspect is that as soon as the tractor starts its autonomous process the driver has to be picked up from …” „… autonomy kits for tractors [1] and autonomous vehicles that use a driver's cab, which can be separated from …”

R. Konradt, S. Schmidt Design of an adjustable lightweight stilt tractor – Concept tractor for the application of biological control in maize S. 289-294

„… launcher is a compact electric attachment with an independent control unit [3]. This is due to its current …” „… three-cylinder diesel engine with a particulate filter. The drive function is realised with a hydrostatic …” „… intended to counteract driver fatigue as well as damage to the maize plants. As part of preliminary …”

E. Zamora, A. Benavent, M. Wójcik, C. Metz, T. E. Madsen Robot Operating System ROS 2 in safety critical agricultural robot applications S. 219-226

„… producing electric driven high-capacity mowing systems for maintaining large area turf-grass. To further …” „… safety-critical ROS 2 systems. Safe ROS could drive the effort of improving the ROS 2 core packages by ensuring …”

L. Reuter, L. Frerichs Simulation of refueling strategies for a hydrogen operated tractor in agricultural process chains S. 283-288

„… alternative tractor drive concept, it is becoming apparent that the reduced working time due to the low …” „… Commission, Brüssel 2019 [2] W. Breu a. L. Reuter: HELIOS – A hydrogen-electric operated tractor system. In …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024270

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Commercial Vehicles 2023

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Commercial Vehicles 2023

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2417 2023

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T. Kattenberg, D. Rasch Wheel slip control in electric vehicles – Combining the advantages of electric drives and friction brakes S. 229-240

„… Wheel slip control in electric vehicles Combining the advantages of electric drives and friction …” „… integration of electric traction drives with their precise and dynamic controllability offers the opportunity …” „… electric drive and brake control interact in a highly dynamic way. Motivation Limiting and controlling the …”

F. Schweizer, T. Pflanz, M. Wagenblast, W. Tegethoff, J. Köhler, F. Breuer, L. Frerichs Fuel cell electric drive concept for heavy-duty commercial vehicles S. 123-140

„… Fuel cell electric drive concept for heavy-duty commercial vehicles Dipl.-Ing. F. Schweizer …” „… truck's powertrain features a high-voltage electrical system (HV sys-tem) with an electric drive axle …” „… the fuel cell, hydrogen and oxygen are converted into electrical energy to power the electric drive …”

M. Sommer, E. Sax, T. Rösch Fleet data used for self-learning functions in commercial vehicles S. 81-92

„… driver-assistance systems (ADAS), automated driving and comfort. One of the main trends in the field of commercial …” „… vehicles is the move towards electrification. This trend is driven by numerous of factors, including …” „… environmental regulations, local emission-free driving, and advances in battery technology. Electric vehicles …”

J. Heseding, P. Meyer-Roesler, D. Rasch Virtual Type-IIa – Software product for homologation of commercial vehicle BEV without additional hardware S. 93-104

„… retardation ability is also available for New-Energy-Vehicles (NEV) equipped with electric drives which enable …” „… NEV driveline architectures. The endurance brake power of electric drives generally fits to Type-IIa …” „… suited endurance brake power by electric drives in battery electric vehicles without additional hardware …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XII

„… , Helmond, The NetherlandsFuel cell electric drive concept for heavy-duty commercial vehicles 123F …” „… advantages of electric drives and friction brakes T. Kattenberg, D. Rasch, ZF Group - Commercial Vehicle …” „… . Ziegler, Daimler Truck AG, Leinfelden-EchterdingenMegawatt charging as an enabler for battery-electric …”

P. Akerman, A. Rupprecht Dynamic charging for trucks S. 35-46

„… charging corridors, it will be economical for freight operators to switch to electric zero-emission drive …” „… trucks do not have to have pure electric drive trains. As shown in the realized projects, combination of …” „… evaluate the prospect for reaching the climate goals with help of an Electric Road System (ERS) on …”

C. Peteranderl, M. Zähringer, G. Balke, J. Schneider Megawatt charging as an enabler for battery-electric long-haul trucks – is that enough? S. 55-66

„… relative comparison of the TCO of a battery-electric semitrailer [9]. Key drivers of TCO for BET are …” „… Megawatt charging as an enabler for battery-electric long-haul trucks – is that enough? Dr …” „… . Battery-electric vehicles have a very high savings potential due to their high well-to-wheel efficiency [2]. MAN …”

M. Wöhrmann The air must get out of the truck, bus and trailer – Why hydro-pneumatic suspension systems are the future for electrified vehicles S. 165-176

„… developed and launched on the market as electric vehicles. In most of these vehicles, the classic drive …” „… vehicle concepts being developed. Battery-electric vehicles require a different vehicle structure than …” „… suspension system can be the "better" suspension system for trucks, buses and trailers. The main driver of a …”

R. Pütz European policy for future road vehicles – technological neutrality or ideological astray? S. 1-12

„… alternative electric drive options (BEV and FC), although according to the EU Clean Vehicles Directive, all …” „… exclusion of combustion engines and consequently the dictate to electric mobility in the on-road and …” „… with "clean" and "emission-free" drives, see Figure 1 [3]. The EU policy focus in this directive only …”

X. Seykens, C. Bekdemir, P. van Gompel How can hydrogen combustion engines contribute to realizing climate targets? S. 105-122

„… lower energy efficiency than battery-electric vehicles, the lower efficiency is justified by many …” „… and efficiency.Drivers for Hydrogen In the future energy system with electricity as the "backbone …” „… generation in industry and in battery-electric vehicles is the most attractive route from energy efficiency …”

F. Domprobst, J.-F. Beaupère Learnings of the 2nd year of CO2 reporting by OEMs S. 153-164

„… battery electric trucks through the drive axle will increase the drive tire wear. Then, we can except that …” „… having a different impact de-pending on usage. For example, between 2 drivers/trucks, acceleration and …” „… dispersion can be high, the acceleration pedal usage is not the same between drivers, the elevation profile …”

C. Liehr The future is Megawatt Charging – A high power revolution on charging infrastructure for commercial vehicles S. 25-34

„… Electric buses are exciting technologies, but there are 9x more trucks than buses operational across Europe …” „… and Europe, drivers can cover hundreds of miles daily, but battery packs of eTrucks cannot support …” „… and sustainability. Electric buses are exciting technologies, but there are 9x more medium and heavy …”

F. Beringhoff, C. Rösener A Method for Automatic Test Realization for Automated Vehicles S. 179-190

„… reinforcement learning (RL) method. 1. Introduction Electric and electronic (E/E) systems within a vehicle …” „… equipment manufacturer (OEM) [1]. On HiL test benches real electronic control units (ECU) and the electric …” „… more different information than advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) there are more environmental …”

S. Tjaden, H. Flämig Designing a future-oriented logistics system with driverless driving S. 191-204

„… public roads in Germany. Vehicles in Germany can now operate without a driver in operational design …” „… . Up to now, truck drivers have been responsible for a wide range of activities, such as loading and …” „… truck drivers' activities. This development can result in increasing un-employment [2]. Furthermore …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024171

VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Commercial Vehicles 2019

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Commercial Vehicles 2019

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2350 2019

Results in this title

M. Fritz Modular Platform Approach for Electric Drive System in Commercial Vehicles S. 103-114

„… Modular Platform Approach for Electric Drive System in Commercial Vehicles Dr. Martin Fritz …” „… requirements of electric drive systems for commercial vehicles for at the same time partly low numbers and …” „… by realizing a high degree of re-use. Electric Drive System Platform Starting from applications …”

G. Schünemann The eTrailer – Intelligent hybridization for heavy duty commercial vehicles – Electric drive installed in a semi-trailer and integrated in the truck & trailer overall brake system control leading to s... S. 87-98

„… The eTrailer – Intelligent hybridization for heavy duty commercial vehicles Electric drive …” „… industry first solution for integration of an electric drive in a trailer combined with a holistic control …” „… the electric drive. WABCO, the leading innovator and global supplier of technologies that improve the …”

M. Lamke, M. Eisele, F.-D. Speck ZF Kit for E-Mobility Products for Commercial Vehicles S. 73-86

„… , electric driving is also a desirable feature, i.e. to be able to drive the ‘last mile’ without generating …” „… Central drive BEV Central drive BEV Axle drive HEV Electric motor type Induction motor Induction …” „… (electric drives and hybrid transmissions). The development and testing of an overall application-specific …”

D. Vorgerd The Mercedes-Benz eCitaro – A modular concept for sustainable electro mobility in city bus operations S. 9-18

„… eCitaro’s drive system is provided by an electric portal axle with electric motors at the wheel hubs. The …” „… Mercedes-Benz eCitaro [Fig.1] is an innovative fully electric bus that fulfils this wide range of customer …” „… its technological innovations the Mercedes-Benz is a future-proofed fully electric bus that fulfills …”

G. Nitzsche, J. Engasser, P. Mentink AEROFLEX – Advanced Energy Management in Distributed Powertrains S. 281-292

„… trailers. For example the dolly in the project is fitted with an electric drive axle with integrated …” „… . Powertrains in long-haul vehicles can be distributed by installing additional electric powertrains in trailers …” „… vehicles by adding additional drive axles, which e.g. improve gradeability. This paper gives an overview …”

C. Rivas-Zöller, J. Häring, T. Nagel Citaro hybrid – The first commercial vehicle with profitable 48V mild hybrid system S. 115-122

„… and a storage capacity of approx.100 Wh. Although electric drive off is not possible, the …” „… . Concept and dimensioning of the electric powertrain including energy storage will be illustrated. Topics …” „… energy storage based on supercapacitors on the roof as well as permanent magnet electric motor installed …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-X

„… – Intelligent hybridization for heavy duty commercial vehicles – Electric drive installed in a semi-trailer …” „… 99 N. Berger, Robert Bosch GmbH, Stuttgart Modular Platform Approach for Electric Drive System in …” „… Plenary Lectures Electric buses in Cologne – Present state and perspective of KVB’s electric buses – Our …”

J. Schwarze Electric buses in Cologne – Present state and perspective of KVB’s electric buses – Our plan for the complete transition of the bus fleet S. 1-8

„… inner city (altogether about 14 kilometres). The drive and the auxiliary consumers of these electric …” „… Electric buses in Cologne Present state and perspective of KVB’s electric buses Our plan for …” „… companies in Germany to operate electric buses. The present small fleet of electric buses serves line 133 …”

S. Schönherr The new MAN Lion’s City – path-breaking vehicle design concept for more attractive public transport for tomorrow S. 19-32

„… drive concept. As there are diesel, gas, hybrid and electric drivelines, the bus can be powered just as …” „… complex demands of drivers, passengers and various user groups, operators and bus service experts: the …” „… ergonomically designed, user-friendly and clearly structured driver's workplace features a convincingly high …”

A. Danninger, E. Armengaud, N. Knopper Implementation of Powertrain control for economic, low real driving emissions and fuel consumption – Measures for Fuel consumption reduction in Long Haul traffic S. 293-312

„… different. Road works, accidents, weather and erratic driver behaviour can lead to severe congestion. Fig …” „… usage is considered the optimal strategy may be to drive very slowly. However, in reality, the time …” „… with hybrid drive For hybrids the battery SoC is included in the optimization, also adding …”

M. Greule, Y. Stoermer Application of a universal simulation environment for deriving specification premises of commercial vehicles with alternative and conventional drive trains S. 187-198

„… significant emission reduction, fuel cell technology and/or hybrid and electric drive trains – to just …” „… commercial vehicles with alternative and conventional drive trains Dr.-Ing. Mario Greule, Dipl.-Ing York …” „… cell electric vehicles - Fully electric vehicles Therefore, almost all vehicle concepts which are …”

N. Berger Energy-recuperation as business-case for semitrailers – Smart electrification solution for semitrailers S. 99-102

„… electric drives from mass production that are easy to integrate into axles. Energy-recuperation as …” „… generates high costs due to the driver, vehicle and potential accident damage. Fleet operators are …” „… one hand: the stand-alone electric motor or its active parts (rotor, stator, resolver to be …”

G. Nitzsche, S. Wagner, N. Belov helyOS – Highly Efficient Online Yard Operating System S. 329-338

„… first-time application is the fully automated, electrically driven AutoTruck. After a general introduction …” „… a driver on public roads. The use case is, that the driver parks the truck at a designated point or …” „… the parking area, when entering the distribution centre, see Fig. 1. After the driver has left the …”

M. Aimo Boot, A. Bernardini The key role of the Tertiary Safety in the vehicle concept design to preserve the occupants and road users life S. 199-206

„… acts to alert the driver in critical situations and, ultimately, by supporting the driver to improve …” „… . electric, natural gas, hydrogen) and are equipped with increasing numbers of active safety devices (i.e …” „… ) and the alternative propulsions system (i.e. electric, hybrid, fuel cell) represent a potential …”

W. Schmitt, P. Huse, R. Koehnsen A new chassis-concept for electrified, light commercial vehicles based on innovative forming technologies S. 61-72

„… holding a massive energy storage. Especially in case of electric drives the battery weight has to be …” „… alternative drive systems. The development has been driven by a consequent lightweight design approach …” „… using conventional vehicle-platforms equipped with alternative drive systems. It offers new …”

A. Banerjee, P. Kniess, F. Tenbrock, M. Mohr, G. Gumpoltsberger ZF Assistance Functions for Swap Body Trucks – Functional innovations support trucks for the autonomous, safe and efficient handling of containers at depots S. 123-136

„… challenging tasks at the depot. These procedures tie up driver resources the most, demand a high level of …” „… the future without any human assistance. As soon as the driver enters the premises, he can get out of …” „… with in many countries: the shortage of qualified drivers - an issue which will drastically intensify …”

K. Feyerabend Over The Air Software Updates for commercial vehicle trailers – How to ensure latest software in all trailer ECUs S. 231-242

„… 233 Evolution of the Electric / Electronic Architecture of a Commercial Vehicle Trailer In a …” „… will require Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) functions to be added to the trailer. In summary …” „… future functions will drive the demand for fast updates to keep up with increased innovation speed in …”

C. Luján The new vehicle energy consumption calculation tool (VECTO) for heavy-duty vehicles – Scope and limitations S. 269-280

„… Steering system Electric system Pneumatic system Air conditioning (A/C) system Transmission …” „… where a vehicle is driven. The mechanically coupled systems that the electrical systems replace are …” „… , 2019276 Torque and speed at the driven wheels Fuel consumption After the test is performed, the …”

M. Holzer, R. Karkoschka Predictive Maintenance for TraXon – Business Model and Technical Solution S. 243-250

„… Maintenance is a significant reduction of the Total Cost of Ownership. Drivers of Digitalization The …” „… , vehicle motion control, integrated safety, and electric mobility. Fig. 1: Spheres of digitalization at …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023501

VDI-Wissensforum GmbH - DRITEV – Drivetrain for Vehicles 2021

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VDI-Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

DRITEV – Drivetrain for Vehicles 2021

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2381 2021

Results in this title

J. Nowack, G. Hellenbroich, A. Ghosh, V. Shapovalov, R. Fleuren Park by Wire System for current Electric Drive Units S. 291-302

„… Park by Wire System for current Electric Drive Units Dr.-Ing. Jan Nowack, Dr.-Ing. Gereon …” „… architecture is exemplarily shown in Fig. 9 for a multi speed electric drive unit. Thus, it can fit in the …” „… : Element in vehicle through which driver request for Park state is communicated to PlxCU ABS Control …”

A. Fröhlcke, M. Felbermaier, A. Britten, P. Fietkau Finite element approach for analyzing noise and vibration in electric drives S. 47-60

„… Finite element approach for analyzing noise and vibration in electric drives Dr.-Ing. A …” „… method for analyzing the factors influencing internal mechanical excitation in electric drives. This …” „… analysis. Using a contemporary standard electric drive, this paper presents the results of the simulation …”

D. Lechleitner, M. Hofstetter, M. Hirz, C. Gsenger, K. Huber Parking Lock Integration for Electric Axle Drives by Multi-Objective Design Optimization S. 303-318

„… Parking Lock Integration for Electric Axle Drives by Multi-Objective Design Optimization …” „… considerations, electric axle drives (e-drives) are often equipped with a parking lock system, which prevents …” „… combustion engines (ICEs) towards electric drive systems. Although the long-term outlook for electric …”

G. Sandkühler Heavy Duty Vehicles with Electric Drive Train and Hydrogen Fuel Cells as Range Extender S. 701-702

„… Heavy Duty Vehicles with Electric Drive Train and Hydrogen Fuel Cells as Range Extender …” „… diesel chassis. The electric drive train was designed for low speed operation up to 30 km/h only, for …” „… are completely electrified, no ICE is on board any longer. The drive train comprises an electric …”

B. Krüger, G. Filomeno, D. Dennin, P. Tenberge Holistic Design of All-Wheel Drive Electric Powertrains Using a Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm S. 377-394

„… Holistic Design of All-Wheel Drive Electric Powertrains Using a Multi-Objective Optimization …” „… aufzuzeigen. Abstract In this paper, all-wheel drive (AWD) systems in battery electric vehicles (BEVs …” „… driven by a central engine, electric all-wheel drive systems are realized as axle split systems. Both …”

L. de Ruijsscher TREMEC Hybrid Dual Clutch Transmission (HDCT) – Electrification of TREMEC’s high performance dual clutch transmission S. 159-178

„… the transmission is provided by an input driven gear pump or via an integrated electric auxilliary …” „… , drive fully electric and provide important features like ICE cranking and battery charging at …” „… – full electric o P3 – hybrid o P2 – full electric - Efficiency comparison - Drive cycle review …”

A. R. Lowis, R. Smith hofer H8-DCT-850 – High Performance Dual Clutch Transmission for transaxle application S. 179-190

„… art manufacturing facility. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2381, 2021 179 Key drivers for product development The …” „… attributes for any high-performance RWD sports car. This in turn drives a demanding set of requirements for …” „… controllable pump to cover the low power operation modes of pure electric driving. In response, hofer …”

H. Wittig, J. Engasser, A. Glavinic AEROFLEX – Distributed Hybrid Drivetrain for Long Haul Freight Vehicles S. 593-608

„… installing a downsized combustion engine, which is supported by electric drives in the trailer units, if …” „… powertrain of the pulling vehicle with electric drives in other vehicle units. This concept might allow to …” „… install a downsized combustion engine which is supported by the electric drives in the trailer units, if …”

R. R. Kasibhatla, P. Neidhardt, K. Caliskan Thermal Simulation according to Maturity Level in E-Drive Development S. 61-76

„… behaviour of electric drives at different operational points. Consequently, such detailed modelling also …” „… demands detailed design of electric drive. Thereby, such detailed modelling and simulation can be …” „… executed in matured phase of development. The detailed representation of electric drive includes not only …”

S. Idler, C. Bünder Scaling the functionality of a DCT-based DHD to segmentspecific requirements – The new high torque DHD Plus S. 241-254

„… powershift in electric drive, an electric crawler functionality with approx. 30 % more electric low speed …” „… ) either as a front driven solution or in combination with an electric drive system (eDS) on the rear axle …” „… An important development goal was to enable gearshift during electric drive without torque …”

R. Resch, C. Danzer, A. Poppitz, T. Pirkl Alternative drivetrains for sustainable commercial vehicles S. 669-684

„… energy from sustainable sources. In addition, the truck should be equipped with an electric drive system …” „… of an electric drive system it is either necessary to integrate a significantly large battery pack …” „… powertrains, starting with wheel individual electric motors or axle drives where the E-transmission is …”

F. Müller-Deile Advanced design of electric machines for trailers with electric axles S. 653-668

„… combination. It was the industry first solution integrating a powerful electric drive in a semitrailer and …” „… conventional 40 t truck. However, if the electric drive is used as an add-on as part of a hybrid concept, the …” „… and the lowest initial investment costs. Additionally, the electric drive has to be integrated as an …”

T. Hillesheim Energy-efficient Hydraulic Control for the Multi-speed Transmission of an Electric Vehicle S. 319-328

„… urban use in the pioneering days, battery-powered electric drives are now being developed for virtually …” „… design the traction motor for long-distance highway driving. Electric drives are intended to achieve …” „… Nr. 2381, 2021 319 minimizing range and energy demand. Most importantly, however, electric drives …”

F. Langhammer, A. Kappes, A. Viehmann, S. Rinderknecht Novel “Two-Drive-Transmission for Long-Range” Powertrain: Ecology and Efficiency meet Driving Comfort S. 207-228

„… designed for two EM named Two-Drive-Transmission (TDT), aiming for high efficiency while pure electric …” „… in 1st speed Efficiency The efficiency advantages of a two-speed gearbox for electric drives with …” „… . In this exemplary design, the fundamental advantage of multiple speeds for electric drives is shown …”

D. Morgenweck, M. Großmann, W. Fakler, M. Lamke, F. Bitzer ZF E-Mobility Software Functions for Commercial Vehicles S. 703-718

„… WABCO and now ZF company . It consists of an electric drive system, a battery, and a cooling system …” „… Electric Axle Drive. This creates high confidence levels right at the development start because …” „… makes it very easy for customers to integrate different electric drive systems into their vehicles. The …”

A. Bagh, D. Magnor, J. Kneiber, F. Löhe eTransport – Application of axle-integrated e-drive in urban LCV and MD trucks S. 637-652

„… electric drive trains (electric axles) for light commercial vehicles (LCV) and medium duty (MD) trucks. As …” „… step approach. The VDI-Berichte Nr. 2381, 2021638 first step was to publish the electric drive train …” „… path of the VDI-Berichte Nr. 2381, 2021 643 electric drive system. Fig. 8 lists different specific …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XVI

„… VDI Congress Dritev Wissensforum Main topics: Design of electric drives Optimised mechanical …” „… Drivetrain Engineering GmbH, Ludwigsburg f Electric Drive BorgWarner P2 Modules – from HV to 48V …” „… for analyzing noise and vibration in electric drives � � � � � � � � � � � � �47 A …”

J. De Landtsheere TREMEC HYbrid DRive Axle – HYDRA – Hybridization enables RWD dynamics in a FWD car S. 125-144

„… clutches). Further, the electric motor drives the vehicle in pure RWD mode, enhancing the driving …” „… axles. Using HYDRA as a technology showcase and development platform for electric drive system …” „… TREMEC HYbrid DRive Axle - HYDRA Hybridization enables RWD dynamics in a FWD car Ir. Jannick …”

Z. Caba, M. Zafer, C. Harman, G. Hellenbroich, Ö. Eyigöz Multi-speed e-axle for electrified heavy commercial vehicles S. 609-620

„… feedstock Zero emission and low noise capability provided by pure electric drive with at least 10 km …” „… actuated by a shift drum driven by an electric actuator motor. Fig. 8 shows more details of the components …” „… Otosan and FEV are developing an electric axle for heavy duty commercial vehicles. The unit is intended …”

N. Mueller Electrification of heavy commercial vehicles from the perspective of a bodybuilder S. 555-560

„… pollution and a significant noise reduction is achieved by the electric drive. What exactly can this …” „… idling and hence not exactly less. With an electric motor and a battery as energy source, the drum can …” „… ) or the so-called mechanical power take-off is a switchable mechanical drive source. It is usually …”

J. Shutty, A. Moser, D. Gajowski Analysis of propulsion system architectures across vehicle segments and markets S. 23-34

„… we have done for a midsized SUV with an electric propulsion system. The drive cycle was run while …” „… Motors, 2020 GT Global Users Conference Glossary AWD: All Wheel Drive BEV: Battery Electric …” „… and emissions legislation along with the constant drive for improved performance and energy …”

A. Nees Flexible Electro-hydraulic Actuation System for Multi-speed Electrified Drivetrains – Requirements and Concept S. 275-290

„… multi-speed electric drive units (EDU) present a new set of requirements, especially for the actuation …” „… Electric SUV Electric Pickup VDI-Berichte Nr. 2381, 2021278 Fig. 3: Efficiency map of a one-speed drive …” „… felt by the driver, which seems understandable especially for electric driving with its high comfort …”

S. Kaimer Power to the Wheels – Challenges and Benefits of Electrified AWD for EVs and Hybrid vehicles S. 117-124

„… axle drive system architectures with mechanical and electric torque vectoring. The comparison base …” „… Simon Kaimer, Magna Powertrain GmbH & Co. KG, Lannach, Austria Since the 1950s, all-wheel drive …” „… eliminates any additional fuel consumption from mechanical losses. But which e-drive axle technology is …”

X. Zhang, F. Küçükay Driveability optimization of electrified powertrains utilizing machine learning based control and the interaction with ADAS/AD systems S. 361-376

„… with this DHT are pure electric drive most of the time. In addition, the electrified powertrain …” „… enable proactive driveability optimization. 1 Introduction Nowadays, hybrid vehicles and electric …” „… engine vehicles, hybrid and electric vehicles are more environmentally friendly. At the same time, with …”

R. Kockisch, J. Müller, Erik Schneider Modular transmission systems for future BEV platform applications S. 11-22

„… is the focus of the sub-platform investigation. The electric drive unit´s modularity is based on …” „… the overall transmission platform. During the concept phase of the electric drive unit the wide …” „… , hybrid and all-electric powertrains. With lower levels of emission targets for 2030+, the market demand …”

E. Schneider, C. Danzer, E. Schreiterer Modular and highly functional Hybrid Platform for subcompact cars up to full-size SUV S. 191-206

„… increase the driving performance in electric and hybrid drive and to offer a serial driving mode for very …” „… both a sufficient pure electric output torque and a maximum e-drive velocity of 130 kph. A shifting of …” „… including the option of an electric all-wheel drive (eAWD) by using an electric rear axle. With this …”

G. Gao, D. Schöneberger, S. Rinderknecht Development of an innovative and modular test bench to analyse gear shifts in electrified powertrains S. 415-436

„… are summarized in Table 3. Electric motors are used to drive the input shafts and output shaft …” „… driven by an electric motor is VDI-Berichte Nr. 2381, 2021422 suitable for the tests of shifting …” „… initially zero, which corresponds to a standstill of the electric motor in the Speed4E drive. Active …”

G. Brudeli, B. Vestgård, S. Bjørkgård, L. Bjørkhaug Sustainable drivetrain architecture for hybrid and electric trucks S. 567-580

„… Sustainable drivetrain architecture for hybrid and electric trucks Modular drivetrain …” „… architecture for hybrid and electric medium- and heavy-duty trucks, bridging the gap between AMT, torque …” „… and scalable toward the majority of plug-in electric driving. By following the roadmap and using the …”

P. Barve Gear Design Challenges of 2-speed-AMT High Torque E-Drives S. 499-516

„… noise from an Electric Drive Unit. This paper focuses on whine noise caused by gear excitation from …” „… of gearboxes for electric drives is a complex and iterative process. The design requirements were …” „… Gear Design Challenges of 2-speed-AMT High Torque E-Drives Pranav Barve, VCST Industrial …”

C. Schörghuber, M. Ortner, J. Pell, S. Pretsch Holistic system design and operation of a fuel cell truck based on an innovative energy management S. 685-700

„… differential drive and the mechanical brakes, while the inverters are integrated into the vehicle chassis [4 …” „… resistance) at 80 kph. The required electric energy for vehicle propulsion and auxiliary supply is provided …” „… power requests. During vehicle braking, electric energy is recuperated into the battery or, if the …”

P. Geskes, J. Treier, M. Moser MAHLE 48V Battery for Truck applications S. 581-592

„… determined by the power performance of the drive system: the electric motor and its power electronics. While …” „… Filtersysteme GmbH, Stuttgart Summary Mild hybrid drive systems for medium heavy-duty segments on a 48-volt …” „… the expected currents are extremely high. MAHLE provides a modular 48-volt mild hybrid drive system …”

T. Skubacz, C. Burkhardt, S. Krischke Shift Elements for Electric and Hybrid Drivetrains – Shift elements with low drag losses, high actuation energy efficiency and integrated overload protection S. 487-498

„… (hydraulics, electric drive, ...). Furthermore, with regard to the design and dimensioning of adjacent …” „… Shift Elements for Electric and Hybrid Drivetrains Shift elements with low drag losses, high …” „… solutions for clutch and shift functions in electric and hybrid powertrains are presented. In contrast to …”

C. Schmidt, H. Dhejne, J. Karlsson High Efficient 2 speed e-Axle – Highly efficient and shiftable under load S. 145-158

„… (1) Mathias Deiml, AVL Software and Functions Regensburg: High Speed Electric Drive System, A …” „… electric vehicles has increased significantly the last 5 years and are increasing even more than expected …” „… high efficienct e-drive of the customer with AVL´s 2speed transmission. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2381 …”

M. Häßler, O. Werner The Pendulum Rocker Damper – Providing flexible damper characteristics for hybrid powertrains S. 329-346

„… secondary side forced by the electric motor or a clutch. In the new constellation, the damper is thus …” „… driven to the coast side during the starting process. This means that, for the purpose of isolation, a …” „… damper can be operated with the lowest possible friction on the drive side (Fig. 4a), while the coast …”

W. Sackl Sustainable Powertrain Solutions – the new role of the powertrain at Magna S. 1-10

„… future. Driven by digitalization and the fast pace of introducing new technologies, development cycles …” „… and individualized. This means electric powertrains will need to have a high level of hardware …” „… passenger cars and light commercial vehicles, driven by a fundamentally changing world. What are these …”

M. Dilzer BorgWarner P2 Modules – from HV to 48V S. 35-46

„… pressure on the automotive industry. But the way electric mobility demonstrated to be resilient during the …” „… combustion engine driven vehicles will further lose their high market shares and will be pushed back and …” „… infrastructure and the availability of sustainable electric power generation. Today both are not yet in place …”

F. Bayer, J. Tochtermann Development of a Heavy-Duty E-Axle S. 621-636

„… . Petery, G.: Bearing Development for Electric High Speed Drives and Hybrid Applications, VDI “Getriebe in …” „… , with increasing production volumes of electrically-driven trucks, it will become increasingly …” „… to the dimensioning of energy storages as well as running costs. The e-axle efficiency is driven by …”

S. Hönicke, K.-F. Wittwer, J. Liebold High-voltage composite test bench for component testing of battery-electric vehicles S. 395-398

„… „Road-to-Rig-Strategie“ bezeichnet. High-voltage composite test bench for component testing of battery-electric …” „… vehicles High-voltage component test of battery electric vehicles? Only in a system context! Sven Hönicke …” „… drives and increasingly powerful energy storage systems, but also peripherals and auxiliary consumers …”

M. Muether, B. Heuser, L. Virnich, A. Guedden, T. Luediger, D. van der Put Development trends towards CO2-neutral powertrains for HD applications S. 529-550

„… and fuel cell systems, but will be extended also to battery electric vehicles, with the focus on this …” „… with advanced engine extensions that open new degrees of freedom. High efficiency electric …” „… . Battery electric propulsion: Because of the required energy density, main application could possibly be …”

T. Kaufhold, F. Schneider, O. Groneberg, A. Moser Modular Starting and Damping System integrated in 48V Hybrid Architectures – Efficient Starting System for Hybrid Vehicle Architectures S. 347-360

„… in comparison to High-Voltage (HV) applications, [1]. In addition, the pure electric driving range …” „… to the driver. In comparison, 48V P2 systems need either an additional ICE starting device or a …” „… impact on the e-driving performance and is therefore not recommended. Today, Belt-driven Starter …”

A. Ramsauer, A. Pujari Frontloading for (Hybrid-) Transmission Integration at BMW S. 101-116

„… propulsion technologies has increased. Powertrain electrification has brought battery and fuel cell electric …” „… vehicles as well as hybrid variants to the market. As of now, the main drivers for technology improvement …” „… this paper, extends the capabilities of the AVL-DRIVE tool by refining the criteria calculation and …”

G. Herbillon Performances Validation of an electrically-commanded dog clutch system for multi-speed and disconnectable eDrives S. 255-274

„… means that the transport industry is in need of electric Drives capable of high torque. Statement #2 …” „… Speed Electric Drive Unit for the Next Generation”, Mathias Deiml, AVL, 15-19 May 2019, CTI USA 2019 …” „… disconnectable eDrives Dipl.-Ing. Gilles Herbillon, VC ST Industrial Products, Sint-Truiden, Belgium erfor …”

A. Drechsel, J. Pellkofer, K. Stahl, J. Sandor, M. Hein Development of a new test method to investigate the wear behaviour of hypoid gear oils S. 453-468

„… : Gleason) is used for the experimental investigations. The axle assembly is driven by an AC electric motor …” „… , highly loaded hypoid gears, which are preferably used in vehicle axle drives, exhibit an unfavorable …” „… to their preferred application in vehicle axle drives, they are subject to highest demands in regard …”

M. Giannantonio, S. Henzler, S. Rinderknecht Advanced Design of Dedicated Hybrid Drivetrains S. 77-100

„… this paper (refer Fig. 1 lower part). In general, the approach is suitable for pure electric drive …” „… shaft pack C SP1 – this spatial arrangement often occurs in front wheel-driven architectures between …” „… the final drive gear and shaft sections belonging to the gearbox input shaft. The center distance aC …”

K. Hirano E-Axle with multi driving modes for BEV & Mild HEV P4 – The 3 in 1 e-Axle for EV requiring a wide range of driving force S. 229-240

„… , M.: Effective Drive Control of an Electric Vehicle with DC motor and CVT. JSAE Annual Congress, No …” „… efficiency range as shown in Fig. 7. This makes it possible to drive at low speed or high speed with power …” „… with a selectable drive mode of 4WD/FF/FR, which is based on a compact sports car and is equipped with …”

A. Albers, M. Behrendt, J. Köber, T. Breitinger Development of a method for the automated validation of the shift quality of modern dual clutch transmissions on full-vehicle test benches S. 399-414

„… & Electric Drives. CTI, Rochester, MI, USA, 2012. [19] Matros, K.; Schille, F.; Behrendt, M. et al …” „… VDI-Berichte Nr. 2381, 2021400 consciously perceived by the driver, which is why ensuring optimum shift quality …” „… the torque on the wheel or drive train, gearshifts are subdivided into drive or coast gearshifts. If …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023815

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Land.Technik AgEng 2017

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R. Bumberger, W. Klinger, D. Botev Electric traction drive on a plough – More power for the driveline S. 23-30

„… Electric traction drive on a plough More power for the driveline Dipl.-Ing.(FH) Rainer …” „… Generator - Component Overview John Deere Smart Power Generator and Electric Traction Drive on a …” „… drive an additional (fifth) wheel on the plough to help with traction, offers new possibilities …”

R. Himmelsbach, B. Volpert, K. Grad Electrified Front-Wheel Drive Concepts for Tractors Designed for Improved Traction Functions S. 31-38

„… driveline. With improved front-wheel drive concepts and the good controllability provided by electric drives …” „… required to produce the variability. This type of superimposed axle drive can also be electric, consisting …” „… axle can be achieved with a hydraulic or electric drive. Electric drives are well-suited to driveline …”

R. Schmetz Calculation of the losses in series-hybrid powertrains S. 513-520

„… , electric power-split or serieshybrid powertrains with electric single-wheel drives, here the ESHP is based …” „… further calculations and in contradiction to [3], it can also be shown that electric single-wheel drives …” „… tractors, the efficiency of electric series-hybrid powertrains is often depicted as worse than the …”

W. Breu, B. Pichlmaier Electrified Utility Tractor S. 9-14

„… ideas and fresh thinking in agriculture following the progress of electric drive systems and battery …” „… discipline. The starting point was a diesel-electric power drive project (“MELA”), followed by the E-RoGator …” „… diesel-electric drive sprayer in 2010, the Fendt X Concept tractor in 2013 and lately the electric driven rake …”

J. Engström, O. Lagnelöf Battery electric autonomous agricultural machine – Simulation of all operations on a Swedish farm S. 15-22

„… big driver for changing to a battery electric driveline is the big potential in reducing the carbon …” „… Battery electric autonomous agricultural machine – Simulation of all operations on a Swedish farm …” „… machine", an electric autonomous agricultural machine system has been compared with a conventional diesel …”

H. Dietel High Voltage OnBoard Networks – The AEF Power Interface is ready to become an ISO standard S. 93-98

„… Dipl.-Ing.(FH) Harald Dietel, Sensor-Technik Wiedemann Kaufbeuren Abstract Electric drives are becoming …” „… hydraulic equipment seemed to be at their limits. Electric drives have specific advantages, for example …” „… hydraulic drives or the PTO. They are more precise, efficient and offer more possibilities for automation …”

F. Hantschack, R. Rahmfeld, J. Bagusch, A. Meyer, E. Dohm Development of a high performance continuously variable drive for mobile agricultural and construction machinery S. 315-322

„… Development of a high performance continuously variable drive for mobile agricultural and …” „… Abstract The development of mobile agricultural and construction machinery is more and more driven by the …” „… performance continuously variable drive in a close cooperation approach. GKN took the responsibility for the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XVII

„… Success Story Electric Drives W. Breu, Electrified Utility Tractor 9 B. Pichlmaier J. Engström, Battery …” „… R. Bumberger, Electric traction drive on a plough – More power for the 23 W. Klinger, driveline D …” „… electric autonomous agricultural machine – 15 O. Lagnelöf Simulation of all operations on a Swedish farm …”

C. Körtgen, G. Morandi, G. Jacobs, A. Kramer Efficient development by automatic calibration of tractor transmission control units S. 291-296

„… substitutes the subjective rating of a test driver and the multi-criterial optimization algorithm which …” „… , the TCU must be calibrated towards proper interaction of the mechanic, electric and hydraulic …” „… significant change of the drive train (e.g. introduction of a new engine generation). New engines are being …”

D. Engelmann, M. R. Unger, M. Geimer Testing and Benchmarking a Powertrain with Independent Wheel Control for Heavy Machinery S. 303-314

„… the other ones. One possible way is to design vehicles with hydraulic or electric wheel hub drives …” „… . The electric machines of the test bench drive and break the unit according to the values calculated …” „… machinery are machines with the capability to work and drive. Both functions are propelled via separate …”

W. Stark, C. Pieke Efficiency Optimization by Using “Vehicle in the Loop” Test Methodology S. 399-406

„… tests on a new 4WD powertrain test bed with active electric dynamometers mounted on all axles and PTO …” „… of development time and cost because it is now possible to evaluate drive strategies and vehicle …” „… selected road topology and a well-defined sequence of maneuver steps for the driver. Fig. 2: Test …”

D.-J. Stapel 4-row potato harvester based on a mirrored product flow concept S. 505-512

„… of walls, trees or electric pylons on the side of the field, it must be possible to harvest the rows …” „… closed to the side. The solution for this issue was letting the machine drive in crab steering, so …” „… the machine drive in separate tracks, the harvested field is rolled over evenly and Fig. 6: passing …”

P. Hannukainen, R. Åman Biomethane as tractor fuel – Opportunities for customer, manufacturer or climate S. 355-366

„… . However, the machines’ fuel efficiency is important marketing factor that drives the development …” „… as upgraded automotive fuel [8]. Increasing production of biogas was the main driver for Valtra to …” „… also partly environmental aspects of proposed solution. Valtra has provided four RNG driven tractor …”

N. Schlingmann, H. Schallermayer, J. Witte, C. Gossard Challenges of digital revolution – How the AEF plans to manage interoperability S. 477-484

„… ISOBUS Electric drives Camera systems This document will provide an overview of the status quo for …”

T. Herlitzius, R. Hübner, A. Günther, C. Korn, S. Kirstein, S. Müller, J. Miunske Sensor study to identify process characteristics of crop and air flow in a combine harvester S. 583-590

„… piezo-electric, account for about one percent of the total grain loss and can hardly distinguish between grain …” „… , LED-driver, multiplexer, bus-controller and electronics for hot film anemometry. The second design iteration …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023006

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