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VDI Wissensforum GmbH - Commercial Vehicles 2021

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

Commercial Vehicles 2021

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2380 2021

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H. Ulmer, M. Rothschuh, F. Brinkmann, R. Wascheck, T. Delebinski eDrive & Fuel Cell powertrain systems engineering for commercial vehicles S. 55-72

„… eDrive & Fuel Cell Powertrain Systems Engineering for Commercial Vehicles Dr. Hubertus Ulmer …” „… ), Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs) and hydrogen internal combustion engines (H2-ICEs). Further main …” „… variant in a 4x2 EU version. The design consist of a modular Fuel Cell (FC) system, one electrified axle …”

J. Pell, I. Müller, W. Gruber, A. Schilk E/E architecture and operating strategy for fuel-cell trucks – Challenges and solutions for energy- and cost-efficient operation S. 117-134

„… E/E architecture and operating strategy for fuel-cell trucks Challenges and solutions for energy …” „… vehicles in the fleet mix. Especially for the heavy-duty (HD) long haul truck applications fuel cell …” „… applying a specific fuel cell system (FCS) and an integrated electric HD axle (e-axle) developed by AVL …”

S. Baker, S. Munshi, J. Huang High performance and efficiency hydrogen engine using westport fuel systems’ Commercially available HPDI fuel system S. 97-116

„… electric vehicles and hydrogen fuel cells. Fuel-cell vehicles are seen as a key technology driver for …” „… enabled by technological breakthroughs in battery and hybrid electric vehicles and hydrogen fuel cells …” „… (proton exchange membrane) fuel-cell based mobility solutions initially aimed at light and medium duty …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-X

„… � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �43 J. Ebert, Cornelia Keller-Ebert, Ebertconsulting GmbH, Köln eDrive & Fuel Cell powertrain systems …” „… operating strategy for fuel-cell trucks – Challenges and solutions for energy- and cost-efficient operation …” „… efficiency hydrogen engine using westport fuel systems’ Commercially available HPDI fuel system …”

L. Heber, J. Schwab, T. Knobelspies Thermoelectric generators for heavy-duty vehicles as an economical waste heat recovery system S. 17-32

„… applications with gasoline, diesel, natural gas, hydrogen combustion engines and fuel cells, among others …” „… power. In addition, the potential for low- (LT-FC) and high-temperature fuel cells (HT-FC), as well as …” „… of solid oxide fuel cell combined heat and power system with Multi-Stage Exhaust Chemical Energy …”

M. Holzer, F.-D. Speck Hybridization of heavy duty trucks – Market analysis and technology for high voltage as well as low voltage solutions S. 33-42

„… vehicles might become a necessity in this segment next to battery electric vehicles and fuel cell electric …” „… outlining different hybrid architectures, this article also provides insights into fuel efficiency …” „… between functionality and costs, considering that fuel savings are paramount and limited electric driving …”

D. Morgenweck, M. Großmann, W. Fakler, M. Lamke, F. Bitzer ZF E-Mobility products and software for commercial vehicles S. 1-16

„… fuel cell technology offers promising solutions. Regardless of the energy storage capacity the …” „… variant. The fuel savings are estimated with 7 to 16 percent. Another opportunity lies in utilizing the …” „… for adapting the gearshift strategy [3] which led to a reduction of fuel consumption. Future efforts …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023808

VDI Wissensform GmbH - Drivetrain Solutions for Commercial Vehicles

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VDI Wissensform GmbH (ed.)

Drivetrain Solutions for Commercial Vehicles

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2421 2023

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F. Bayer, D. Mühlgrabner AVL Fuel Cell Demo Truck – System Integration and electrical Development S. 1-12

„… AVL Fuel Cell Demo Truck – System Integration and electrical Development Herausforderungen und …” „… aufweist. Abstract AVL is developing a Fuel Cell Technology Demonstrator Truck. In the last two years …” „… Gewicht mehr hinter der Hinterachse angebracht ist. Bild 1: AVL Fuel Cell Demo Truck, Seiten/Heckansicht …”

H. Heimes, A. Kampker, M. Kehrer, S. Hagedorn, P. Euchner Packaging concepts for fuel cell commercial vehicles – From practical to application-oriented designs S. 13-28

„… Packaging concepts for fuel cell commercial vehicles From practical to application-oriented …” „… change has not yet started for fuel cell-powered (commercial) vehicles. To enable this progress in the …” „… the recharging process is extending waiting times for customers [6]. Fuel cell powered trucks overcome …”

L. Heber, M. Helmich, J. Schwab, T. Knobelspies, M. Kober, F. Rinderknecht Thermoelectric Generators for Heavy-Duty Vehicles as an Economical Waste Heat Recovery System – Holistic design and evaluation with the use of modern simulation methods S. 109-122

„… engines and fuel cells, are also presented. The holistic approach enables the evaluation of the technology …” „… applications with gasoline, diesel, natural gas, hydrogen combustion engines and fuel cells. Here, the use of a …” „… and the supply of electrical energy, the TEG relieves the challenging cooling system of PEM fuel cells …”

B. Meurer The next level of an improved Truck-Trailer connection and interaction – Examples for Electrification and Automated Driving S. 29-36

„… . Battery Electric and Fuel Cell Trucks are the next generations of trucks. Discussions about how a trailer …” „… system can be used as a range-extender for battery electric vehicles and fuel cell trucks to realize …” „… needed to realize long haul zero emission transports by using battery electric and fuel cell trucks. With …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-X

„… , 2023 | 13:42:36 | 148 mm x 210 mmContent Total vehicle conceptsAVL Fuel Cell Demo Truck – System …” „… concepts for fuel cell commercial vehicles – From practical to application-oriented designs 13H. Heimes, A …”

A. Arnberger, H. Wancura, M. Wieser, H. Zhou, W. Gruber, J. Pell, C. Schörghuber Hybrid powertrain with hydrogen-engine – Technical solutions for future commercial vehicle powertrains S. 79-92

„… , it is not sufficient to focus on battery electric (BEV) or fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV) only …” „… % fuel can be saved. Furthermore, the proposal of the European commission foresees, that vehicles powered …” „… architecture brings following advantages to the operation of a Diesel engine:  Fuel Consumption Improvement …”

M. Trahand Drivetrain architectures and vehicle integration: The evolution and advantages of in-wheel propulsion for heavy-duty commercial vehicles S. 123-134

„… like battery and power-electronic developments, hydrogen fuel cell and other alternative fuels …” „… make them ideal for a host of medium- and heavy-duty applications, ultimately increasing fuel …” „… and fuel economy, including idle reduction and other operations practices, alternative clean …”

G. Wiche Voith Central Drive Concept for HD Trucks S. 181-190

„… , such as fuel cell or battery electric applications. It supports battery systems from a wide range of …” „… system for every type of zero emission vehicle, such as fuel cell or battery electric applications. It …”

C. Schmidt Fault analysis of truck drivelines using big data methods S. 149-160

„… VDI-Berichte Nr. 2421, 2023 155powertrain with a fuel cell, but it can also be useful for error analysis …” „… normalized fuel consumption), optimization of design (e.g., adjusting the rear axle ratio), and comparative …” „… analyses (e.g., comparing fuel consumption across different emission levels, as shown in Fig. 5). Compared …”

M. Eisele, M. Kohler Modular Electric Driveline Platform for Commercial Vehicles – Central Drives and Electric Axles Built up From Standardized and Scalable Components S. 37-46

„… factors. A decisive aspect will be the further development of the fuel cell - as well as aspects of total …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181024218

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VDI Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

ELIV 2019

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2357 2019

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T. Bürger, Kunal Goray, F. Berg, W. Resende Modular DC-DC converter for high-performance fuel-cell systems in trucks and buses S. 189-200

„… Modular DC-DC converter for high-performance fuel-cell systems in trucks and buses Thorsten …” „… ) fuel-cell based powertrains for heavy-duty trucks and buses [1]. These applications are putting additional …” „… and new requirements on the DC-DC converter and other electronics of the PEM fuel-cell system. The …”

L. Schindele, D. Schütz, F. Heber, P. Sailer, G. Le Hen, N. Müller Future e-mobility and the change in system requirements – The interplay between battery and thermal management for different mobility concepts S. 87-100

„… vehicle classes such as trucks and buses, as well as fuel cell vehicles. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2357, 201998 …” „… Electric Vehicle FCEV Fuel-Cell Electric Vehicle HVAC Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning PTC …” „… high and the cell ageing is low. The aim of thermal control is to bring the battery to its optimum …”

P. Gesner, F. Kirschbaum, F. Landenberger, J. Scheiffele, L. Morawietz, B. Bäker Modeling and identification of electrochemical energy storage for drive train development – Review and evaluation S. 101-114

„… pedal driving algorithm,” in European Battery, Hybrid and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Congress, Brussels …” „… models, which describe the inner cell processes using fractional transfer functions. Identifiable …” „… suitable cell materials in an early development stage. Other important applications of such digital …”

B. Fähnrich, A. Körner Easy Integration of 48V Mild Hybridization by Dual Voltage Battery Management – Realizing CO2 saving potentials by low implementation efforts S. 139-152

„… of battery cells and the fact that the electricity mix is currently far from CO2-neutral and still …” „… starter batteries, as the whole battery is made up of lithium ion cells which store energy. In concrete …” „… strings which work independently of each other and which each consist of three cell blocks. Each …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-X

„… , USA Modular DC-DC converter for high-performance fuel-cell systems in trucks and buses …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023570

Bernhard Geringer, Hanz-Peter Lenz - 39. Internationales Wiener Motorensymposium 26.-27. April 2018

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Bernhard Geringer (ed.), Hanz-Peter Lenz (ed.)

39. Internationales Wiener Motorensymposium 26.-27. April 2018

Series: Verkehrstechnik/Fahrzeugtechnik

Volume 807 2018

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M. Klel, A. Trattner Elektromobilität mit Brennstoffzellen - Potenzial und Beispiele/Electromobility with Fuel Cells - Potential and Examples S. 653-672

„… mit Brennstoffzellen – Potenzial und Beispiele Electromobility with Fuel Cells – Potential and …” „… . Mit Wasserstoff betriebene Brennstoffzellen-Elektrofahrzeuge (FCEVs – Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles …” „… , die üblicherweise als „mid-size fuel cell“ Konzepte bezeichnet werden. Beim dominanten …”

S. H. Kim, K. S. Lee Die nächste Generation Brennstoffzellen-Auto von Hyundai Motor Company /The Next Generation Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle from Hyundai Motor Company S. 475-490

„… Next Generation Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle from Hyundai Motor Company Die nächste Generation …” „… from industry, government, and the general public has never been stronger. Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles …” „… Fuel Cell, in 2013, will continue to lead in the market by introducing the next generation FCEV in …”

K. Oshima, S. Kato Neues Mehrstufen-Hybridsystem für den LC500h mit innovativen Fahreigenschaften des THSII /New Multi Stage Hybrid System for the LC500h with Innovative Drivability of the THSII S. 443-463

„… improvement [%] 21 - Battery type Lithium-ion Number of cells[cells] 42+42 Rated voltage[V] 310.8 …” „… powertrain systems for fuel economy and emission performance. This paper describes the new THS which has …” „… drivability, and remarkable environmental performance including both fuel economy and emissions. The hybrid …”

M. Toriumi Nissan's elektrische Antriebsstrang-Strategie/Nissan’s Electric Powertrain Strategy S. 491-500

„… transformed into electrical power through use of fuel cells or by ICE-based generation units using fossil …” „… hydrogen and biofuels in addition to electricity and fossil fuels. Hydrogen and biofuel energy can be …” „… fuels. As shown in Figure 2, Nissan intends for electric powertrains and batteries to be core …”

J. Y. Kim, I. S. Ryu, J. N. Kim, D. H. Han, K.-P. Ha, J. Y. Kong, J. D. Rho, I. J. Hwang, K. S. Choi Hyundai-Kia’s SmartStream 1.6L DI-Turbo Motor/Hyundai-Kia’s SmartStream 1.6L Turbo GDI Engine S. 167-190

„… hybrid vehicles and fuel cell EV, etc. However, for the time being, long term stabilization of oil price …” „… include the upcoming new 1.6L MPI and 1.6L Turbo GDI engines. To improve the fuel efficiency and emission …” „… or short duration which can improve performance, fuel efficiency and emission. For fuel efficiency …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-VIII

„… – Electric Drives / Hybrids – Innovative Systems of Emission Control – Fuel Cells – View to the Future …” „… FEELINGS Fuel your passion for driving Power towards a greener future ELECTRIFICATION PI TS TO PS ER VE R …” „… Österreichischen Vereins für Kraftfahrzeugtechnik (ÖVK), Wien. Keywords: New Otto and Diesel Engines – Future Fuels …”

E. Achleitner, H. Frenzel, J. Grimm, O. Maiwald, G. Rösel, P. Senft, H. Zhang Systemansatz für ein Fahrzeug mit Benzindirekteinspritzung und Partikel Filter im RDE /System Approach for a Vehicle with Gasoline Direct Injection and Particulate Filter for RDE 321 - S. 336-X

„… – Electric Drives / Hybrids – Innovative Systems of Emission Control – Fuel Cells – View to the Future …” „… TECHNOLOGY AUTONOMOUS DRIVING Free your mind to limitless possibilities SUBJECTIVE FEELINGS Fuel your …” „… FEELINGS Fuel your passion for driving Power towards a greener future ELECTRIFICATION PI TS TO PS ER VE R …”

R. Schlögl Erneuerbare Energien in der Mobilität: Das Potential synthetischer Kraftstoffe auf der Basis von CO2 /Renewable Energies in Mobility: The Potential of Synthetic Fuels Based on CO2 S. 191-201

„… , and fuel cell powertrains based on LCA, International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 22 (2017 …” „… green materials and fuels, IEA (International Energy Agency), Paris, France, 2017. [2] T. Altenburg …” „… potential of CO2 conversion to fuels, Energy & Environmental Science, 10 (2017) 2491- 2499. [10] M. Reuss …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783186807120

VDI-Wissensforum GmbH - DRITEV – Drivetrain for Vehicles 2021

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VDI-Wissensforum GmbH (ed.)

DRITEV – Drivetrain for Vehicles 2021

Series: VDI-Berichte

Volume 2381 2021

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G. Sandkühler Heavy Duty Vehicles with Electric Drive Train and Hydrogen Fuel Cells as Range Extender S. 701-702

„… Heavy Duty Vehicles with Electric Drive Train and Hydrogen Fuel Cells as Range Extender …” „… collection vehicle can change dramatically during its lifetime. The fuel cells deliver up to 30 kW constant …” „… higher speeds 60 kW are sufficient, for highway use 90 kW are required. Additionally to the fuel cells …”

C. Schörghuber, M. Ortner, J. Pell, S. Pretsch Holistic system design and operation of a fuel cell truck based on an innovative energy management S. 685-700

„… Holistic system design and operation of a fuel cell truck based on an innovative energy …” „… . Sabine Pretsch, AVL List GmbH, Steyr, Austria Abstract The powertrain of a fuel cell truck …” „… consists of several systems, the most important ones are the fuel cell, the battery, the e-axle and the …”

M. Muether, B. Heuser, L. Virnich, A. Guedden, T. Luediger, D. van der Put Development trends towards CO2-neutral powertrains for HD applications S. 529-550

„… and fuel cell systems, but will be extended also to battery electric vehicles, with the focus on this …” „… reduce downtimes for charging Fuel Cell propulsion: With higher energy density a possible solution for …” „… long haul operation, main challenges today are the fuel cell durability, which might require an …”

P. Geskes, J. Treier, M. Moser MAHLE 48V Battery for Truck applications S. 581-592

„… power up to 40kW with an advantage of possible fuel consumption reduction up to 4.5% (MAHLE Motorway …” „… to fuel savings and CO2 reduction if energy can be stored in and retrieved from the battery in very …” „… specification parameters. VDI-Berichte Nr. 2381, 2021 583 To achieve these requirements, the battery cells …”

N. Scharlach Possibilities of a modern Powertrainmanagement S. 719-XIX

„… : - Driven by the CO2 legislation, what is the futures propulsion system? o Hydrogen ICE o Fuel Cell o BEV …” „… : Combustion Powertrin Configuration @MAN 4.2 Electrified Powertrain + Fuel Cell Even though there is an …” „… Powertrain + Fuel Cell 4.3 Outlook Autonomous Truck Even if it is a highly automated Truck / Level 4 …”

G. Brudeli, B. Vestgård, S. Bjørkgård, L. Bjørkhaug Sustainable drivetrain architecture for hybrid and electric trucks S. 567-580

„… collection vehicles, and BEV (Battery Electric Vehicle) or FCEV (Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle) – although …” „… from [3] “Fuel Cells Hydrogen Trucks” from Roland Berger, dated December 2020, and supplemented by …” „… , „Fuel Cells Hydrogen Trucks, Heavy-Duty's High Performance Green Solution,“ 2020. VDI-Berichte Nr …”

A. Panayi The outlook for E-Trucks S. 551-554

„… sq. foot facility to manufacture fuel cells. Lion Electric have received an order for 100 …” „… , and the plant running in 2023. The cells will be delivered from Northvolt’s battery facility …” „… majors OEMs are looking at alternative fuel sources for its fleet of heavy-duty vehicles. We use these …”

R. Resch, C. Danzer, A. Poppitz, T. Pirkl Alternative drivetrains for sustainable commercial vehicles S. 669-684

„… for hydrogen (H2-ICE, H2-Fuel Cell) as energy source as well as for battery electric vehicles (BEV …” „… either a fuel cell combined with an electric drivetrain (FCEV) or a hydrogen-ICE with a 12-speed DCT (H2 …” „… challenge is visualized at the example of a Fuel Cell Truck in Fig. 6. At the same time the picture lists …”

E. Schneider, C. Danzer, E. Schreiterer Modular and highly functional Hybrid Platform for subcompact cars up to full-size SUV S. 191-206

„… - combustion engine, hybrid, plug-in hybrid and pure electric with fuel cells or battery - are assigned to the …” „… marked by a theoretically possible 100% scenario for fuel cell vehicles. Under current TtW-legislation …” „… . plug-in) and electric with fuel VDI-Berichte Nr. 2381, 2021204 cells or battery – to the main vehicle …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XVI

„… operation of a fuel cell truck based on an innovative energy management …” „… with Electric Drive Train and Hydrogen Fuel Cells as Range Extender � � � 701 G. Sandkühler, Faun …” „… . Müller-Deile, ZF Commercial Vehicle Control Systems, Hannover f BEV and fuell cell drivetrains Alternative …”

H. Wittig, J. Engasser, A. Glavinic AEROFLEX – Distributed Hybrid Drivetrain for Long Haul Freight Vehicles S. 593-608

„… dollies and/or trailers. Thus, fuel consumption of the whole vehicle combination is reduced by the usage …” „… . AEROFLEX aims to reduce fuel consumption up to 12 % for European Modular System (EMS) vehicles by hybrid …” „… Advanced Energy Management Powertrain (AEMPT). For the assessment of fuel-saving potential and vehicle …”

F. Bayer, J. Tochtermann Development of a Heavy-Duty E-Axle S. 621-636

„… more options for modular systems. Mechanical Integration of the AVL HD E-Axle into the Fuel Cell …” „… Demo Truck When it was decided that a fuel cell demonstrator truck was to be built, it was consistent …” „… integration of fuel cell systems for commercial vehicles, MOBEX ,Webinar [2] Tochtermann, J.: Innovative …”

J. Shutty, A. Moser, D. Gajowski Analysis of propulsion system architectures across vehicle segments and markets S. 23-34

„… : Electric Motor EV: Electric Vehicle FCEV: Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle GHG: Green House Gas GR …” „… battery pack based on the propulsion components, vehicle requirements and battery cell models …” „… 1-d engine model with flow, temperature, combustion all captured, to replace a map based fuel flow …”

F. Langhammer, A. Kappes, A. Viehmann, S. Rinderknecht Novel “Two-Drive-Transmission for Long-Range” Powertrain: Ecology and Efficiency meet Driving Comfort S. 207-228

„… electric applications, fuel cell electric vehicles are another feasible use case. Additionally, different …” „… , further potential has been identified with regards to reducing electrical energy and fuel consumption and …” „… . Furthermore, despite a heated passenger cell, the range in winter only reduces slightly. The concept can also …”

B. Krüger, G. Filomeno, D. Dennin, P. Tenberge Holistic Design of All-Wheel Drive Electric Powertrains Using a Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm S. 377-394

„… propel the vehicle. Being composed of multiple single cells, the fundamental cell characteristics as …” „… the battery cell and the vehicle characteristics must be defined. To identify optimal design …” „… loss map, the cell characteristic as well as the target energy content must be defined. Furthermore …”

D. Morgenweck, M. Großmann, W. Fakler, M. Lamke, F. Bitzer ZF E-Mobility Software Functions for Commercial Vehicles S. 703-718

„… installation space and weight limitations. In this area of application fuel cell technology offers promising …” „… combination to a cost efficient HEV variant. The fuel savings are estimated with 7 to 16 percent. Another …” „… conventional vehicles for adapting the gearshift strategy which led to a reduction of fuel consumption …”

X. Zhang, F. Küçükay Driveability optimization of electrified powertrains utilizing machine learning based control and the interaction with ADAS/AD systems S. 361-376

„… Powertrain Observer Used in Hybrid and Electric Vehicles. EVS27 International Battery, Hybrid and Fuel Cell …” „… due to their excellent fuel economy and emission reduction. There are many different architectures …”

A. Ramsauer, A. Pujari Frontloading for (Hybrid-) Transmission Integration at BMW S. 101-116

„… propulsion technologies has increased. Powertrain electrification has brought battery and fuel cell electric …”

A. Bagh, D. Magnor, J. Kneiber, F. Löhe eTransport – Application of axle-integrated e-drive in urban LCV and MD trucks S. 637-652

„… train that enables application-specific powertrain configurations for fuel cell electrical driven …”

G. Herbillon Performances Validation of an electrically-commanded dog clutch system for multi-speed and disconnectable eDrives S. 255-274

„… (from micro-cars to heavy-trucks) are subjected to Battery electric or fuel-cell conversion, which …”

doi.org/10.51202/9783181023815

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